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author Henry S. Thompson <ht@inf.ed.ac.uk>
date Sat, 03 May 2025 22:47:32 +0100
parents dd8a8c8eb56d
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1 <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "file:///c:/cygwin/usr/local/share/lib/xml/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
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2 <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" lang="LA" xml:lang="LA">
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3 <head>
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4 <meta name="generator" content="HTML Tidy for Windows (vers 1st February 2005), see www.w3.org"/>
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5 <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=us-ascii"/>
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6 <meta http-equiv="Content-Style-Type" content="text/css"/>
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7 <meta http-equiv="Content-Script-Type" content="text/javascript"/>
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8 <meta name="keywords" content="Thomas de Aquino, Summa Theologiae, Corpus Thomisticum"/>
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9 <meta name="language" content="Latin"/>
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10 <meta name="security" content="public"/>
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11 <meta name="owner" content="ealarcon@unav.es"/>
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12 <meta name="author" content="Enrique Alarcón"/>
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13 <meta name="abstract" content=""/>
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14 <link rel="stylesheet" media="screen" href="vscreen.css" type="text/css"/>
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15 <link rel="stylesheet" media="print" href="vprint.css" type="text/css"/>
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16 <title>Thomas de Aquino, Summa Theologiae, Iª q.
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17 90-102</title>
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18 </head>
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19 <body><a href="http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/"/><div class="tres">CORPUS THOMISTICUM</div><div class="uno">Sancti Thomae de Aquino</div><div class="uno">Summa Theologiae</div><div class="dos">prima pars a quaestione XC ad quaestionem
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20 CII</div><div class="centro">
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21 <table align="center" summary="Imago">
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22 <tr>
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23 <th><img src="icons/ghent190.jpg" width="120" height="190" border="0" alt="Thomas de Aquino a Justo Ghent depictus" align="middle"/></th>
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24 </tr>
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25 </table>
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26 <br/>
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27 <span class="tres">Textum Leoninum Romae 1889 editum<br/>
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28 ac automato translatum a Roberto Busa SJ in taenias
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29 magneticas<br/>
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30 denuo recognovit Enrique Alarcón atque instruxit<br/>
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31 <br/></span><br/>
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32 <hr/>
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33 <br/>
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34 <p><a href="sth1084.html"><img src="icons/ageretro.gif" width="19" height="19" align="middle" border="0" alt="age retro"/></a>  
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35 <a href="sth1103.html"><img src="icons/ageultra.gif" width="19" height="19" align="middle" border="0" alt="age ultra"/></a></p>
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36 <script language="JavaScript" type="text/javascript">
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37 //
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38 &lt;!--
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39 // original code by Bill Trefzger 12/12/96; revised by Enrique Alarcon 12/9/2000
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136 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#32336"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 92 a. 3 arg. 1');
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137 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#32337"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 92 a. 3 arg. 2');
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138 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#32338"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 92 a. 3 arg. 3');
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139 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#32339"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 92 a. 3 s. c.');
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140 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#32340"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 92 a. 3 co.');
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141 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#32341"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 92 a. 3 ad 1');
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142 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#32342"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 92 a. 3 ad 2');
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143 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#32343"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 92 a. 3 ad 3');
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144 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#32344"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 92 a. 4 arg. 1');
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145 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#32345"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 92 a. 4 arg. 2');
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146 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#32346"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 92 a. 4 arg. 3');
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147 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#32347"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 92 a. 4 s. c.');
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148 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#32348"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 92 a. 4 co.');
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149 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#32349"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 92 a. 4 ad 1');
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150 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#32350"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 92 a. 4 ad 2');
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151 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#32351"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 92 a. 4 ad 3');
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152 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#32352"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 93 pr.');
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parents: 28
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153 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#32353"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 93 a. 1 arg. 1');
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154 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#32354"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 93 a. 1 arg. 2');
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155 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#32355"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 93 a. 1 arg. 3');
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156 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#32356"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 93 a. 1 s. c.');
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157 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#32357"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 93 a. 1 co.');
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158 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#32358"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 93 a. 1 ad 1');
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159 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#32359"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 93 a. 1 ad 2');
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160 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#32360"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 93 a. 1 ad 3');
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161 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#32361"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 93 a. 2 arg. 1');
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162 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#32362"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 93 a. 2 arg. 2');
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163 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#32363"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 93 a. 2 arg. 3');
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164 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#32364"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 93 a. 2 arg. 4');
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165 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#32365"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 93 a. 2 s. c.');
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166 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#32366"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 93 a. 2 co.');
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167 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#32367"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 93 a. 2 ad 1');
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168 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#32368"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 93 a. 2 ad 2');
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169 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#32369"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 93 a. 2 ad 3');
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170 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#32370"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 93 a. 2 ad 4');
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171 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#32371"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 93 a. 3 arg. 1');
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172 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#32372"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 93 a. 3 arg. 2');
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173 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#32373"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 93 a. 3 arg. 3');
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174 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#32374"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 93 a. 3 s. c.');
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175 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#32375"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 93 a. 3 co.');
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176 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#32376"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 93 a. 3 ad 1');
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177 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#32377"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 93 a. 3 ad 2');
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178 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#32378"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 93 a. 3 ad 3');
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179 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#32379"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 93 a. 4 arg. 1');
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180 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#32380"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 93 a. 4 arg. 2');
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181 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#32381"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 93 a. 4 arg. 3');
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182 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#32382"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 93 a. 4 s. c.');
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183 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#32383"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 93 a. 4 co.');
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184 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#32384"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 93 a. 4 ad 1');
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185 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#32385"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 93 a. 4 ad 2');
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186 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#32386"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 93 a. 5 arg. 1');
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187 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#32387"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 93 a. 5 arg. 2');
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188 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#32388"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 93 a. 5 arg. 3');
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189 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#32389"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 93 a. 5 arg. 4');
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190 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#32390"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 93 a. 5 s. c.');
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191 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#32391"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 93 a. 5 co.');
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192 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#32392"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 93 a. 5 ad 1');
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193 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#32393"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 93 a. 5 ad 3');
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194 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#32394"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 93 a. 5 ad 4');
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195 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#32395"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 93 a. 6 arg. 1');
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196 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#32396"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 93 a. 6 arg. 2');
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197 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#32397"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 93 a. 6 arg. 3');
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198 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#32398"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 93 a. 6 arg. 4');
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199 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#32399"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 93 a. 6 s. c.');
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200 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#32400"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 93 a. 6 co.');
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201 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#32401"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 93 a. 6 ad 1');
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202 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#32402"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 93 a. 6 ad 2');
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203 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#32403"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 93 a. 6 ad 3');
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204 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#32404"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 93 a. 6 ad 4');
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205 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#32405"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 93 a. 7 arg. 1');
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206 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#32406"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 93 a. 7 arg. 2');
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207 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#32407"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 93 a. 7 arg. 3');
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208 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#32408"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 93 a. 7 arg. 4');
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209 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#32409"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 93 a. 7 s. c.');
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210 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#32410"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 93 a. 7 co.');
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211 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#32411"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 93 a. 7 ad 1');
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212 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#32412"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 93 a. 7 ad 2');
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213 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#32413"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 93 a. 7 ad 3');
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214 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#32414"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 93 a. 7 ad 4');
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215 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#32415"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 93 a. 8 arg. 1');
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216 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#32416"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 93 a. 8 arg. 2');
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217 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#32417"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 93 a. 8 arg. 3');
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218 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#32418"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 93 a. 8 arg. 4');
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219 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#32419"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 93 a. 8 s. c.');
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220 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#32420"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 93 a. 8 co.');
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221 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#32421"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 93 a. 8 ad 1');
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222 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#32422"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 93 a. 8 ad 2');
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223 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#32423"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 93 a. 8 ad 3');
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224 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#32424"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 93 a. 8 ad 4');
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225 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#32425"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 93 a. 9 arg. 1');
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226 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#32426"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 93 a. 9 arg. 2');
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227 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#32427"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 93 a. 9 arg. 3');
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228 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#32428"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 93 a. 9 arg. 4');
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229 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#32429"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 93 a. 9 s. c.');
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230 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#32430"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 93 a. 9 co.');
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231 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#32431"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 93 a. 9 ad 1');
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232 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#32432"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 93 a. 9 ad 2');
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233 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#32433"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 93 a. 9 ad 3');
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234 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#32434"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 93 a. 9 ad 4');
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235 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#32435"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 94 pr.');
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236 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#32436"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 94 a. 1 arg. 1');
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237 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#32437"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 94 a. 1 arg. 2');
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238 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#32438"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 94 a. 1 arg. 3');
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239 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#32439"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 94 a. 1 s. c.');
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240 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#32440"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 94 a. 1 co.');
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241 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#32441"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 94 a. 1 ad 1');
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242 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#32442"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 94 a. 1 ad 2');
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243 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#32443"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 94 a. 1 ad 3');
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244 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#32444"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 94 a. 2 arg. 1');
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245 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#32445"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 94 a. 2 arg. 2');
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246 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#32446"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 94 a. 2 arg. 3');
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247 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#32447"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 94 a. 2 s. c.');
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248 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#32448"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 94 a. 2 co.');
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249 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#32449"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 94 a. 2 ad 1');
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250 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#32450"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 94 a. 2 ad 2');
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251 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#32451"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 94 a. 2 ad 3');
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252 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#32452"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 94 a. 3 arg. 1');
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253 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#32453"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 94 a. 3 arg. 2');
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254 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#32454"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 94 a. 3 arg. 3');
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255 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#32455"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 94 a. 3 s. c.');
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256 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#32456"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 94 a. 3 co.');
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257 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#32457"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 94 a. 3 ad 1');
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258 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#32458"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 94 a. 3 ad 2');
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259 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#32459"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 94 a. 3 ad 3');
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260 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#32460"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 94 a. 4 arg. 1');
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261 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#32461"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 94 a. 4 arg. 2');
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262 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#32462"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 94 a. 4 arg. 3');
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263 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#32463"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 94 a. 4 arg. 4');
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264 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#32464"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 94 a. 4 arg. 5');
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265 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#32465"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 94 a. 4 s. c.');
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parents: 28
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parents: 28
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269 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#32469"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 94 a. 4 ad 3');
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272 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#32472"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 95 pr.');
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273 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#32473"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 95 a. 1 arg. 1');
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274 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#32474"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 95 a. 1 arg. 2');
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275 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#32475"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 95 a. 1 arg. 3');
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276 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#32476"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 95 a. 1 arg. 4');
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277 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#32477"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 95 a. 1 arg. 5');
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278 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#32478"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 95 a. 1 arg. 6');
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diff changeset
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diff changeset
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diff changeset
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diff changeset
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295 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#32495"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 95 a. 3 arg. 1');
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parents: 28
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diff changeset
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parents: 28
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parents: 28
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parents: 28
diff changeset
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parents: 28
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parents: 28
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parents: 28
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parents: 28
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307 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#32507"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 95 a. 4 arg. 1');
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parents: 28
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parents: 28
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parents: 28
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parents: 28
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311 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#32511"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 95 a. 4 co.');
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parents: 28
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312 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#32512"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 95 a. 4 ad 1');
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parents: 28
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313 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#32513"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 95 a. 4 ad 2');
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parents: 28
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314 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#32514"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 95 a. 4 ad 3');
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parents: 28
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315 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#32515"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 96 pr.');
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parents: 28
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316 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#32516"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 96 a. 1 arg. 1');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
317 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#32517"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 96 a. 1 arg. 2');
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parents: 28
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318 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#32518"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 96 a. 1 arg. 3');
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319 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#32519"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 96 a. 1 arg. 4');
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parents: 28
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320 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#32520"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 96 a. 1 s. c.');
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parents: 28
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321 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#32521"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 96 a. 1 co.');
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parents: 28
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322 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#32522"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 96 a. 1 ad 1');
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parents: 28
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323 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#32523"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 96 a. 1 ad 2');
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parents: 28
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324 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#32524"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 96 a. 1 ad 3');
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parents: 28
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325 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#32525"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 96 a. 1 ad 4');
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parents: 28
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326 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#32526"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 96 a. 2 arg. 1');
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parents: 28
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327 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#32527"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 96 a. 2 arg. 2');
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parents: 28
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328 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#32528"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 96 a. 2 arg. 3');
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parents: 28
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329 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#32529"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 96 a. 2 s. c.');
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parents: 28
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330 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#32530"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 96 a. 2 co.');
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parents: 28
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331 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#32531"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 96 a. 2 ad');
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parents: 28
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332 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#32532"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 96 a. 3 arg. 1');
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parents: 28
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333 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#32533"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 96 a. 3 arg. 2');
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parents: 28
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334 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#32534"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 96 a. 3 arg. 3');
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parents: 28
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335 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#32535"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 96 a. 3 s. c.');
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parents: 28
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336 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#32536"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 96 a. 3 co.');
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parents: 28
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parents: 28
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parents: 28
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parents: 28
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346 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#32546"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 97 pr.');
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parents: 28
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347 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#32547"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 97 a. 1 arg. 1');
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parents: 28
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parents: 28
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parents: 28
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parents: 28
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parents: 28
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parents: 28
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parents: 28
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parents: 28
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parents: 28
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parents: 28
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parents: 28
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392 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#32592"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 98 a. 2 arg. 2');
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393 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#32593"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 98 a. 2 arg. 3');
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parents: 28
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394 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#32594"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 98 a. 2 arg. 4');
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parents: 28
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395 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#32595"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 98 a. 2 s. c. 1');
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parents: 28
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396 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#32596"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 98 a. 2 s. c. 2');
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parents: 28
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397 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#32597"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 98 a. 2 co.');
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parents: 28
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398 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#32598"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 98 a. 2 ad 1');
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parents: 28
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399 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#32599"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 98 a. 2 ad 2');
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parents: 28
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400 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#32600"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 98 a. 2 ad 3');
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parents: 28
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401 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#32601"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 98 a. 2 ad 4');
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parents: 28
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402 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#32602"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 99 pr.');
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parents: 28
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403 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#32603"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 99 a. 1 arg. 1');
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parents: 28
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404 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#32604"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 99 a. 1 arg. 2');
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parents: 28
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405 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#32605"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 99 a. 1 arg. 3');
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parents: 28
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406 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#32606"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 99 a. 1 arg. 4');
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parents: 28
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407 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#32607"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 99 a. 1 s. c.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
408 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#32608"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 99 a. 1 co.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
409 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#32609"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 99 a. 1 ad 1');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
410 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#32610"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 99 a. 1 ad 2');
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parents: 28
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411 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#32611"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 99 a. 1 ad 3');
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parents: 28
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412 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#32612"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 99 a. 1 ad 4');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
413 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#32613"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 99 a. 2 arg. 1');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
414 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#32614"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 99 a. 2 arg. 2');
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parents: 28
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415 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#32615"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 99 a. 2 arg. 3');
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parents: 28
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416 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#32616"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 99 a. 2 s. c.');
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parents: 28
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417 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#32617"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 99 a. 2 co.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
418 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#32618"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 99 a. 2 ad 1');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
419 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#32619"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 99 a. 2 ad 2');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
420 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#32620"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 99 a. 2 ad 3');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
421 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#32621"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 100 pr.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
422 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#32622"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 100 a. 1 arg. 1');
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parents: 28
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423 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#32623"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 100 a. 1 arg. 2');
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parents: 28
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424 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#32624"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 100 a. 1 arg. 3');
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parents: 28
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425 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#32625"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 100 a. 1 s. c.');
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parents: 28
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426 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#32626"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 100 a. 1 co.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
427 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#32627"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 100 a. 1 ad 1');
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parents: 28
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428 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#32628"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 100 a. 1 ad 2');
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parents: 28
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429 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#32629"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 100 a. 1 ad 3');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
430 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#32630"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 100 a. 2 arg. 1');
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parents: 28
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431 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#32631"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 100 a. 2 arg. 2');
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parents: 28
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432 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#32632"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 100 a. 2 arg. 3');
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parents: 28
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433 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#32633"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 100 a. 2 arg. 4');
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434 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#32634"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 100 a. 2 s. c.');
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parents: 28
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435 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#32635"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 100 a. 2 co.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
436 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#32636"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 100 a. 2 ad 1');
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parents: 28
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437 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#32637"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 100 a. 2 ad 2');
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parents: 28
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438 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#32638"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 100 a. 2 ad 3');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
439 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#32639"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 100 a. 2 ad 4');
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parents: 28
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440 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#32640"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 101 pr.');
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parents: 28
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441 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#32641"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 101 a. 1 arg. 1');
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parents: 28
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442 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#32642"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 101 a. 1 arg. 2');
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parents: 28
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443 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#32643"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 101 a. 1 arg. 3');
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444 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#32644"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 101 a. 1 s. c.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
445 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#32645"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 101 a. 1 co.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
446 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#32646"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 101 a. 1 ad 1');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
447 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#32647"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 101 a. 1 ad 2');
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parents: 28
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448 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#32648"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 101 a. 1 ad 3');
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parents: 28
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449 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#32649"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 101 a. 2 arg. 1');
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450 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#32650"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 101 a. 2 arg. 2');
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451 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#32651"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 101 a. 2 s. c.');
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452 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#32652"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 101 a. 2 co.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
453 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#32653"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 101 a. 2 ad 1');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
454 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#32654"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 101 a. 2 ad 2');
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parents: 28
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455 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#32655"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 102 pr.');
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parents: 28
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456 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#32656"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 102 a. 1 arg. 1');
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parents: 28
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457 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#32657"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 102 a. 1 arg. 2');
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parents: 28
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458 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#32658"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 102 a. 1 arg. 3');
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parents: 28
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459 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#32659"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 102 a. 1 arg. 4');
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parents: 28
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460 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#32660"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 102 a. 1 arg. 5');
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461 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#32661"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 102 a. 1 s. c.');
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462 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#32662"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 102 a. 1 co.');
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diff changeset
463 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#32663"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 102 a. 1 ad 1');
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464 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#32664"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 102 a. 1 ad 2');
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465 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#32665"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 102 a. 1 ad 3');
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466 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#32666"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 102 a. 1 ad 4');
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467 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#32667"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 102 a. 1 ad 5');
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468 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#32668"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 102 a. 2 arg. 1');
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469 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#32669"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 102 a. 2 arg. 2');
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parents: 28
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470 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#32670"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 102 a. 2 arg. 3');
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parents: 28
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471 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#32671"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 102 a. 2 arg. 4');
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472 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#32672"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 102 a. 2 s. c.');
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diff changeset
473 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#32673"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 102 a. 2 co.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
474 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#32674"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 102 a. 2 ad 1');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
475 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#32675"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 102 a. 2 ad 2');
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parents: 28
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476 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#32676"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 102 a. 2 ad 3');
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parents: 28
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477 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#32677"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 102 a. 2 ad 4');
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parents: 28
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478 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#32678"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 102 a. 3 arg. 1');
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parents: 28
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479 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#32679"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 102 a. 3 arg. 2');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
480 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#32680"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 102 a. 3 arg. 3');
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481 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#32681"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 102 a. 3 s. c.');
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diff changeset
482 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#32682"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 102 a. 3 co.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
483 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#32683"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 102 a. 3 ad');
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parents: 28
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484 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#32684"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 102 a. 4 arg. 1');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
485 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#32685"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 102 a. 4 arg. 2');
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parents: 28
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486 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#32686"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 102 a. 4 arg. 3');
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487 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#32687"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 102 a. 4 s. c.');
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488 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#32688"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 102 a. 4 co.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
489 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#32689"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 102 a. 4 ad 1');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
490 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#32690"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 102 a. 4 ad 2');
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parents: 28
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491 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#32691"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 102 a. 4 ad 3');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
492 document.write('&lt;\/SELECT&gt;');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
493 document.write('&lt;BR&gt;&lt;BR&gt;');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
494 document.write('&lt;INPUT TYPE="button" VALUE="Agedum" ONCLICK="go()"&gt;');
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495 document.write('&lt;\/FORM&gt;');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
496 // --&gt;
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497 //
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498 </script><br/>
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499 <hr/>
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500 <br/></div><div id="q90" class="q"><h2>Quaestio 90</h2><div class="p"><h3>Prooemium</h3><p title="I q. 90 pr."><a name="32248"><span class="ref">[32248]
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501 Iª q. 90 pr.</span></a> Post praemissa considerandum est de
28
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502 prima hominis productione. Et circa hoc consideranda sunt quatuor,
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503 primo considerandum est de productione ipsius hominis; secundo, de
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504 fine productionis; tertio, de statu et conditione hominis primo
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505 producti; quarto, de loco eius. Circa productionem autem
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506 consideranda sunt tria, primo, de productione hominis quantum ad
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507 animam; secundo, quantum ad corpus viri; tertio, quantum ad
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508 productionem mulieris. Circa primum quaeruntur quatuor. Primo,
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509 utrum anima humana sit aliquid factum, vel sit de substantia ipsius
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510 Dei. Secundo, supposito quod sit facta, utrum sit creata. Tertio,
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511 utrum sit facta mediantibus Angelis. Quarto, utrum sit facta ante
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512 corpus.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 1</h3><p title="I q. 90 a. 1 arg. 1"><a name="32249"><span class="ref">[32249] Iª q. 90 a. 1 arg. 1</span></a> Ad primum sic
28
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513 proceditur. Videtur quod anima non sit facta, sed sit de substantia
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514 Dei. Dicitur enim Gen. II, <i>formavit Deus hominem de limo terrae,
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515 et inspiravit in faciem eius spiraculum vitae, et factus est homo
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516 in animam viventem</i>. Sed ille qui spirat, aliquid a se emittit.
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517 Ergo anima qua homo vivit, est aliquid de substantia Dei.</p><p title="I q. 90 a. 1 arg. 2"><a name="32250"><span class="ref">[32250] Iª q. 90 a. 1 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea, sicut
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518 supra habitum est, anima est forma simplex. Sed forma est actus.
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519 Ergo anima est actus purus, quod est solius Dei. Ergo anima est de
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520 substantia Dei.</p><p title="I q. 90 a. 1 arg. 3"><a name="32251"><span class="ref">[32251] Iª q. 90 a. 1 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
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521 quaecumque sunt, et nullo modo differunt, sunt idem. Sed Deus et
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522 mens sunt, et nullo modo differunt, quia oporteret quod aliquibus
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523 differentiis differrent, et sic essent composita. Ergo Deus et mens
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524 humana idem sunt.</p><p title="I q. 90 a. 1 s. c."><a name="32252"><span class="ref">[32252] Iª q. 90 a. 1 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
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525 quod Augustinus, in libro de origine animae, enumerat quaedam quae
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526 dicit esse multum aperteque perversa, et fidei Catholicae adversa;
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527 inter quae primum est, quod quidam dixerunt <i>Deum animam non de
53
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diff changeset
528 nihilo, sed de seipso fecisse</i>.</p><p title="I q. 90 a. 1 co."><a name="32253"><span class="ref">[32253] Iª q. 90 a. 1 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
28
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diff changeset
529 quod dicere animam esse de substantia Dei, manifestam
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diff changeset
530 improbabilitatem continet. Ut enim ex dictis patet, anima humana
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diff changeset
531 est quandoque intelligens in potentia, et scientiam quodammodo a
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diff changeset
532 rebus acquirit, et habet diversas potentias, quae omnia aliena sunt
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diff changeset
533 a Dei natura, qui est actus purus, et nihil ab alio accipiens, et
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diff changeset
534 nullam in se diversitatem habens, ut supra probatum est. Sed hic
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diff changeset
535 error principium habuisse videtur ex duabus positionibus
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diff changeset
536 antiquorum. Primi enim qui naturas rerum considerare incoeperunt,
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diff changeset
537 imaginationem transcendere non valentes, nihil praeter corpora esse
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diff changeset
538 posuerunt. Et ideo Deum dicebant esse quoddam corpus, quod aliorum
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diff changeset
539 corporum iudicabant esse principium. Et quia animam ponebant esse
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diff changeset
540 de natura illius corporis quod dicebant esse principium, ut dicitur
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diff changeset
541 in I de anima, per consequens sequebatur quod anima esset de natura
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diff changeset
542 Dei. Iuxta quam positionem etiam Manichaei, Deum esse quandam lucem
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diff changeset
543 corpoream existimantes, quandam partem illius lucis animam esse
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diff changeset
544 posuerunt corpori alligatam. Secundo vero processum fuit ad hoc,
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diff changeset
545 quod aliqui aliquid incorporeum esse apprehenderunt, non tamen a
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diff changeset
546 corpore separatum, sed corporis formam. Unde et Varro dixit quod
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diff changeset
547 <i>Deus est anima mundum motu et ratione gubernans</i>; ut
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diff changeset
548 Augustinus narrat, VII de Civ. Dei. Sic igitur illius totalis
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diff changeset
549 animae partem aliqui posuerunt animam hominis, sicut homo est pars
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diff changeset
550 totius mundi; non valentes intellectu pertingere ad distinguendos
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diff changeset
551 spiritualium substantiarum gradus, nisi secundum distinctiones
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diff changeset
552 corporum. Haec autem omnia sunt impossibilia, ut supra probatum
53
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553 est. Unde manifeste falsum est animam esse de substantia Dei.</p><p title="I q. 90 a. 1 ad 1"><a name="32254"><span class="ref">[32254] Iª q. 90 a. 1 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28
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diff changeset
554 dicendum quod inspirare non est accipiendum corporaliter, sed idem
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diff changeset
555 est Deum inspirare, quod spiritum facere. Quamvis et homo
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diff changeset
556 corporaliter spirans non emittat aliquid de sua substantia, sed de
53
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diff changeset
557 natura extranea.</p><p title="I q. 90 a. 1 ad 2"><a name="32255"><span class="ref">[32255] Iª q. 90 a. 1 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
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diff changeset
558 dicendum quod anima, etsi sit forma simplex secundum suam
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diff changeset
559 essentiam, non tamen est suum esse, sed est ens per
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diff changeset
560 participationem; ut ex supra dictis patet. Et ideo non est actus
53
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diff changeset
561 purus, sicut Deus.</p><p title="I q. 90 a. 1 ad 3"><a name="32256"><span class="ref">[32256] Iª q. 90 a. 1 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
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diff changeset
562 dicendum quod differens, proprie acceptum, aliquo differt, unde ibi
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diff changeset
563 quaeritur differentia, ubi est convenientia. Et propter hoc oportet
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diff changeset
564 differentia esse composita quodammodo, cum in aliquo differant, et
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diff changeset
565 in aliquo conveniant. Sed secundum hoc, licet omne differens sit
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diff changeset
566 diversum, non tamen omne diversum est differens; ut dicitur in X
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diff changeset
567 Metaphys. Nam simplicia diversa sunt seipsis, non autem differunt
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diff changeset
568 aliquibus differentiis, ex quibus componantur. Sicut homo et asinus
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diff changeset
569 differunt rationali et irrationali differentia, de quibus non est
53
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570 dicere quod ulterius aliis differentiis differant.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 2</h3><p title="I q. 90 a. 2 arg. 1"><a name="32257"><span class="ref">[32257] Iª q. 90 a. 2 arg. 1</span></a> Ad secundum sic
28
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diff changeset
571 proceditur. Videtur quod anima non sit producta in esse per
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diff changeset
572 creationem. Quod enim in se habet aliquid materiale, fit ex
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diff changeset
573 materia. Sed anima habet in se aliquid materiale, cum non sit actus
53
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574 purus. Ergo anima est facta ex materia. Non ergo est creata.</p><p title="I q. 90 a. 2 arg. 2"><a name="32258"><span class="ref">[32258] Iª q. 90 a. 2 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea, omnis
28
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diff changeset
575 actus materiae alicuius videtur educi de potentia materiae, cum
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diff changeset
576 enim materia sit in potentia ad actum, actus quilibet praeexistit
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diff changeset
577 in materia in potentia. Sed anima est actus materiae corporalis, ut
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diff changeset
578 ex eius definitione apparet. Ergo anima educitur de potentia
53
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diff changeset
579 materiae.</p><p title="I q. 90 a. 2 arg. 3"><a name="32259"><span class="ref">[32259] Iª q. 90 a. 2 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea, anima
28
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diff changeset
580 est forma quaedam. Si igitur anima fit per creationem, pari ratione
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diff changeset
581 omnes aliae formae. Et sic nulla forma exibit in esse per
53
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diff changeset
582 generationem. Quod est inconveniens.</p><p title="I q. 90 a. 2 s. c."><a name="32260"><span class="ref">[32260] Iª q. 90 a. 2 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28
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diff changeset
583 quod dicitur Gen. I, <i>creavit Deus hominem ad imaginem suam</i>.
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diff changeset
584 Est autem homo ad imaginem Dei secundum animam. Ergo anima exivit
53
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diff changeset
585 in esse per creationem.</p><p title="I q. 90 a. 2 co."><a name="32261"><span class="ref">[32261] Iª q. 90 a. 2 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
28
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diff changeset
586 quod anima rationalis non potest fieri nisi per creationem, quod
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diff changeset
587 non est verum de aliis formis. Cuius ratio est quia, cum fieri sit
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parents: 26
diff changeset
588 via ad esse, hoc modo alicui competit fieri, sicut ei competit
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diff changeset
589 esse. Illud autem proprie dicitur esse, quod ipsum habet esse,
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diff changeset
590 quasi in suo esse subsistens, unde solae substantiae proprie et
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diff changeset
591 vere dicuntur entia. Accidens vero non habet esse, sed eo aliquid
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diff changeset
592 est, et hac ratione ens dicitur; sicut albedo dicitur ens, quia ea
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diff changeset
593 aliquid est album. Et propter hoc dicitur in VII Metaphys., quod
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diff changeset
594 accidens dicitur magis entis quam ens. Et eadem ratio est de
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diff changeset
595 omnibus aliis formis non subsistentibus. Et ideo nulli formae non
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diff changeset
596 subsistenti proprie competit fieri, sed dicuntur fieri per hoc quod
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diff changeset
597 composita subsistentia fiunt. Anima autem rationalis est forma
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diff changeset
598 subsistens, ut supra habitum est. Unde sibi proprie competit esse
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diff changeset
599 et fieri. Et quia non potest fieri ex materia praeiacente, neque
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diff changeset
600 corporali, quia sic esset naturae corporeae; neque spirituali, quia
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diff changeset
601 sic substantiae spirituales in invicem transmutarentur, necesse est
53
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diff changeset
602 dicere quod non fiat nisi per creationem.</p><p title="I q. 90 a. 2 ad 1"><a name="32262"><span class="ref">[32262] Iª q. 90 a. 2 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28
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diff changeset
603 dicendum quod in anima est sicut materiale ipsa simplex essentia,
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diff changeset
604 formale autem in ipsa est esse participatum, quod quidem ex
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diff changeset
605 necessitate simul est cum essentia animae, quia esse per se
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diff changeset
606 consequitur ad formam. Et eadem ratio esset, si poneretur composita
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diff changeset
607 ex quadam materia spirituali, ut quidam dicunt. Quia illa materia
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diff changeset
608 non est in potentia ad aliam formam, sicut nec materia caelestis
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diff changeset
609 corporis, alioquin anima esset corruptibilis. Unde nullo modo anima
53
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diff changeset
610 potest fieri ex materia praeiacente.</p><p title="I q. 90 a. 2 ad 2"><a name="32263"><span class="ref">[32263] Iª q. 90 a. 2 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
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diff changeset
611 dicendum quod actum extrahi de potentia materiae, nihil aliud est
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diff changeset
612 quam aliquid fieri actu, quod prius erat in potentia. Sed quia
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diff changeset
613 anima rationalis non habet esse suum dependens a materia corporali,
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diff changeset
614 sed habet esse subsistens, et excedit capacitatem materiae
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diff changeset
615 corporalis, ut supra dictum est; propterea non educitur de potentia
53
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diff changeset
616 materiae.</p><p title="I q. 90 a. 2 ad 3"><a name="32264"><span class="ref">[32264] Iª q. 90 a. 2 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
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diff changeset
617 dicendum quod non est simile de anima rationali, et de aliis
53
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diff changeset
618 formis, ut dictum est.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 3</h3><p title="I q. 90 a. 3 arg. 1"><a name="32265"><span class="ref">[32265] Iª q. 90 a. 3 arg. 1</span></a> Ad tertium sic
28
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diff changeset
619 proceditur. Videtur quod anima rationalis non sit producta a Deo
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diff changeset
620 immediate, sed mediantibus Angelis. Maior enim ordo est in
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diff changeset
621 spiritualibus quam in corporalibus. Sed corpora inferiora
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diff changeset
622 producuntur per corpora superiora, ut Dionysius dicit, IV cap. de
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diff changeset
623 Div. Nom. Ergo et inferiores spiritus, qui sunt animae rationales,
53
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diff changeset
624 producuntur per spiritus superiores, qui sunt Angeli.</p><p title="I q. 90 a. 3 arg. 2"><a name="32266"><span class="ref">[32266] Iª q. 90 a. 3 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea, finis
28
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diff changeset
625 rerum respondet principio, Deus enim est principium et finis rerum.
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diff changeset
626 Ergo et exitus rerum a principio respondet reductioni rerum in
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diff changeset
627 finem. Sed infima reducuntur per prima, ut Dionysius dicit. Ergo et
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parents: 26
diff changeset
628 infima procedunt in esse per prima, scilicet animae per
53
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diff changeset
629 Angelos.</p><p title="I q. 90 a. 3 arg. 3"><a name="32267"><span class="ref">[32267] Iª q. 90 a. 3 arg. 3</span></a> <i>Praeterea,
28
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diff changeset
630 perfectum est quod potest sibi simile facere</i>, ut dicitur in IV
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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diff changeset
631 Meteor. Sed spirituales substantiae sunt multo magis perfectae quam
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diff changeset
632 corporales. Cum ergo corpora faciant sibi similia secundum speciem,
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diff changeset
633 multo magis Angeli poterunt facere aliquid infra se secundum
53
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diff changeset
634 speciem naturae, scilicet animam rationalem.</p><p title="I q. 90 a. 3 s. c."><a name="32268"><span class="ref">[32268] Iª q. 90 a. 3 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28
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diff changeset
635 quod dicitur Gen. II, quod <i>Deus ipse inspiravit in faciem
53
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diff changeset
636 hominis spiraculum vitae</i>.</p><p title="I q. 90 a. 3 co."><a name="32269"><span class="ref">[32269] Iª q. 90 a. 3 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
28
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diff changeset
637 quod quidam posuerunt quod Angeli, secundum quod operantur in
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parents: 26
diff changeset
638 virtute Dei, causant animas rationales. Sed hoc est omnino
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diff changeset
639 impossibile, et a fide alienum. Ostensum est enim quod anima
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parents: 26
diff changeset
640 rationalis non potest produci nisi per creationem. Solus autem Deus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
641 potest creare. Quia solius primi agentis est agere, nullo
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parents: 26
diff changeset
642 praesupposito, cum semper agens secundum praesupponat aliquid a
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parents: 26
diff changeset
643 primo agente, ut supra habitum est. Quod autem agit aliquid ex
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parents: 26
diff changeset
644 aliquo praesupposito, agit transmutando. Et ideo nullum aliud agens
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parents: 26
diff changeset
645 agit nisi transmutando; sed solus Deus agit creando. Et quia anima
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diff changeset
646 rationalis non potest produci per transmutationem alicuius
53
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diff changeset
647 materiae, ideo non potest produci nisi a Deo immediate.</p><p title="I q. 90 a. 3 ad 1"><a name="32270"><span class="ref">[32270] Iª q. 90 a. 3 ad 1</span></a> Et per hoc patet
28
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diff changeset
648 solutio ad obiecta. Nam quod corpora causant vel sibi similia vel
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diff changeset
649 inferiora, et quod superiora reducunt inferiora, totum hoc provenit
53
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diff changeset
650 per quandam transmutationem.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 4</h3><p title="I q. 90 a. 4 arg. 1"><a name="32271"><span class="ref">[32271] Iª q. 90 a. 4 arg. 1</span></a> Ad quartum sic
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
651 proceditur. Videtur quod anima humana fuerit producta ante corpus.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
652 Opus enim creationis praecessit opus distinctionis et ornatus, ut
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parents: 26
diff changeset
653 supra habitum est. Sed anima producta est in esse per creationem;
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parents: 26
diff changeset
654 corpus autem factum est in fine ornatus. Ergo anima hominis
53
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diff changeset
655 producta est ante corpus.</p><p title="I q. 90 a. 4 arg. 2"><a name="32272"><span class="ref">[32272] Iª q. 90 a. 4 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea, anima
28
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diff changeset
656 rationalis magis convenit cum Angelis quam cum animalibus brutis.
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diff changeset
657 Sed Angeli creati fuerunt ante corpora, vel statim a principio cum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
658 corporali materia; corpus autem hominis formatum est sexto die,
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diff changeset
659 quando et bruta animalia sunt producta. Ergo anima hominis fuit
53
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diff changeset
660 creata ante corpus.</p><p title="I q. 90 a. 4 arg. 3"><a name="32273"><span class="ref">[32273] Iª q. 90 a. 4 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea, finis
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
661 proportionatur principio. Sed anima in fine remanet post corpus.
53
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diff changeset
662 Ergo et in principio fuit creata ante corpus.</p><p title="I q. 90 a. 4 s. c."><a name="32274"><span class="ref">[32274] Iª q. 90 a. 4 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28
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diff changeset
663 quod actus proprius fit in potentia propria. Cum ergo anima sit
53
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diff changeset
664 proprius actus corporis, anima producta est in corpore.</p><p title="I q. 90 a. 4 co."><a name="32275"><span class="ref">[32275] Iª q. 90 a. 4 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
28
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diff changeset
665 quod Origenes posuit non solum animam primi hominis, sed animas
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diff changeset
666 omnium hominum ante corpora simul cum Angelis creatas; propter hoc
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parents: 26
diff changeset
667 quod credidit omnes spirituales substantias, tam animas quam
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diff changeset
668 Angelos, aequales esse secundum suae naturae conditionem, sed solum
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diff changeset
669 merito distare; sic ut quaedam earum corporibus alligarentur, quae
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diff changeset
670 sunt animae hominum vel caelestium corporum; quaedam vero in sui
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diff changeset
671 puritate, secundum diversos ordines, remanerent. De qua opinione
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diff changeset
672 supra iam diximus, et ideo relinquatur ad praesens. Augustinus
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diff changeset
673 vero, in VII super Gen. ad Litt., dicit quod anima primi hominis
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diff changeset
674 ante corpus cum Angelis est creata, propter aliam rationem. Quia
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diff changeset
675 scilicet ponit quod corpus hominis in illis operibus sex dierum non
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diff changeset
676 fuit productum in actu, sed solum secundum causales rationes, quod
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diff changeset
677 non potest de anima dici; quia nec ex aliqua materia corporali aut
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diff changeset
678 spirituali praeexistente facta fuit, nec ex aliqua virtute creata
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diff changeset
679 produci potuit. Et ideo videtur quod ipsamet anima in operibus sex
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diff changeset
680 dierum, in quibus omnia facta fuerunt, simul cum Angelis fuerit
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diff changeset
681 creata; et quod postmodum propria voluntate inclinata fuit ad
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diff changeset
682 corpus administrandum. Sed hoc non dicit asserendo, ut eius verba
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diff changeset
683 demonstrant. Dicit enim, <i>credatur, si nulla Scripturarum
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diff changeset
684 auctoritas seu veritatis ratio contradicit, hominem ita factum
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diff changeset
685 sexto die, ut corporis quidem humani ratio causalis in elementis
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diff changeset
686 mundi, anima vero iam ipsa crearetur</i>. Posset autem hoc utique
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diff changeset
687 tolerari secundum eos qui ponunt quod anima habet per se speciem et
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diff changeset
688 naturam completam, et quod non unitur corpori ut forma, sed solum
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diff changeset
689 ad ipsum administrandum. Si autem anima unitur corpori ut forma, et
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diff changeset
690 est naturaliter pars humanae naturae, hoc omnino esse non potest.
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diff changeset
691 Manifestum est enim quod Deus primas res instituit in perfecto
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diff changeset
692 statu suae naturae, secundum quod uniuscuiusque rei species
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diff changeset
693 exigebat. Anima autem, cum sit pars humanae naturae, non habet
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diff changeset
694 naturalem perfectionem nisi secundum quod est corpori unita. Unde
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diff changeset
695 non fuisset conveniens animam sine corpore creari. Sustinendo ergo
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diff changeset
696 opinionem Augustini de operibus sex dierum, dici poterit quod anima
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diff changeset
697 humana praecessit in operibus sex dierum secundum quandam
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diff changeset
698 similitudinem generis, prout convenit cum Angelis in intellectuali
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parents: 26
diff changeset
699 natura; ipsa vero fuit creata simul cum corpore. Secundum alios
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diff changeset
700 vero sanctos, tam anima quam corpus primi hominis in operibus sex
53
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diff changeset
701 dierum sunt producta.</p><p title="I q. 90 a. 4 ad 1"><a name="32276"><span class="ref">[32276] Iª q. 90 a. 4 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
702 dicendum quod, si natura animae haberet integram speciem, ita quod
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parents: 26
diff changeset
703 secundum se crearetur, ratio illa procederet, ut per se in
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parents: 26
diff changeset
704 principio crearetur. Sed quia naturaliter est forma corporis, non
53
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diff changeset
705 fuit seorsum creanda, sed debuit creari in corpore.</p><p title="I q. 90 a. 4 ad 2"><a name="32277"><span class="ref">[32277] Iª q. 90 a. 4 ad 2</span></a> Et similiter est
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
706 dicendum ad secundum. Nam anima si per se speciem haberet, magis
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diff changeset
707 conveniret cum Angelis. Sed inquantum est forma corporis, pertinet
53
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diff changeset
708 ad genus animalium, ut formale principium.</p><p title="I q. 90 a. 4 ad 3"><a name="32278"><span class="ref">[32278] Iª q. 90 a. 4 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
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diff changeset
709 dicendum quod animam remanere post corpus, accidit per defectum
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diff changeset
710 corporis, qui est mors. Qui quidem defectus in principio creationis
59
03759e5c1080 fix multi-para s.c.
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diff changeset
711 animae, esse non debuit.</p></div></div><div id="q91" class="q"><h2>Quaestio 91</h2><div class="p"><h3>Prooemium</h3><p title="I q. 91 pr."><a name="32279"><span class="ref">[32279]
53
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diff changeset
712 Iª q. 91 pr.</span></a> Deinde considerandum est de
28
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diff changeset
713 productione corporis primi hominis. Et circa hoc quaeruntur
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diff changeset
714 quatuor. Primo, de materia ex qua productum est. Secundo, de
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diff changeset
715 auctore a quo productum est. Tertio, de dispositione quae ei per
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diff changeset
716 productionem est attributa. Quarto, de modo et ordine productionis
53
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diff changeset
717 ipsius.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 1</h3><p title="I q. 91 a. 1 arg. 1"><a name="32280"><span class="ref">[32280] Iª q. 91 a. 1 arg. 1</span></a> Ad primum sic
28
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diff changeset
718 proceditur. Videtur quod corpus primi hominis non sit factum de
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diff changeset
719 limo terrae. Maioris enim virtutis est facere aliquid ex nihilo,
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diff changeset
720 quam ex aliquo, quia plus distat ab actu non ens quam ens in
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parents: 26
diff changeset
721 potentia. Sed cum homo sit dignissima creaturarum inferiorum,
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diff changeset
722 decuit ut virtus Dei maxime ostenderetur in productione corporis
53
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diff changeset
723 eius. Ergo non debuit fieri ex limo terrae, sed ex nihilo.</p><p title="I q. 91 a. 1 arg. 2"><a name="32281"><span class="ref">[32281] Iª q. 91 a. 1 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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diff changeset
724 corpora caelestia sunt nobiliora terrenis. Sed corpus humanum habet
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diff changeset
725 maximam nobilitatem, cum perficiatur a nobilissima forma, quae est
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parents: 26
diff changeset
726 anima rationalis. Ergo non debuit fieri de corpore terrestri, sed
53
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diff changeset
727 magis de corpore caelesti.</p><p title="I q. 91 a. 1 arg. 3"><a name="32282"><span class="ref">[32282] Iª q. 91 a. 1 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea, ignis
28
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diff changeset
728 et aer sunt nobiliora corpora quam terra et aqua, quod ex eorum
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diff changeset
729 subtilitate apparet. Cum igitur corpus humanum sit dignissimum,
53
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diff changeset
730 magis debuit fieri ex igne et ex aere quam ex limo terrae.</p><p title="I q. 91 a. 1 arg. 4"><a name="32283"><span class="ref">[32283] Iª q. 91 a. 1 arg. 4</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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diff changeset
731 corpus humanum est compositum ex quatuor elementis. Non ergo est
53
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diff changeset
732 factum ex limo terrae, sed ex omnibus elementis.</p><p title="I q. 91 a. 1 s. c."><a name="32284"><span class="ref">[32284] Iª q. 91 a. 1 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28
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diff changeset
733 quod dicitur Gen. II, <i>formavit Deus hominem de limo
53
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diff changeset
734 terrae</i>.</p><p title="I q. 91 a. 1 co."><a name="32285"><span class="ref">[32285] Iª q. 91 a. 1 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
735 quod, cum Deus perfectus sit, operibus suis perfectionem dedit
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diff changeset
736 secundum eorum modum; secundum illud Deut. XXXII, <i>Dei perfecta
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diff changeset
737 sunt opera</i>. Ipse autem simpliciter perfectus est, ex hoc quod
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diff changeset
738 omnia in se praehabet, non per modum compositionis, sed simpliciter
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diff changeset
739 et unite, ut Dionysius dicit, eo modo quo diversi effectus
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diff changeset
740 praeexistunt in causa, secundum unam eius essentiam. Ista autem
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diff changeset
741 perfectio ad Angelos quidem derivatur, secundum quod omnia sunt in
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parents: 26
diff changeset
742 eorum cognitione quae sunt a Deo in natura producta, per formas
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parents: 26
diff changeset
743 diversas. Ad hominem vero derivatur inferiori modo huiusmodi
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diff changeset
744 perfectio. Non enim in sua cognitione naturali habet omnium
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diff changeset
745 naturalium notitiam; sed est ex rebus omnibus quodammodo
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diff changeset
746 compositus, dum de genere spiritualium substantiarum habet in se
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parents: 26
diff changeset
747 animam rationalem, de similitudine vero caelestium corporum habet
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diff changeset
748 elongationem a contrariis per maximam aequalitatem complexionis,
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diff changeset
749 elementa vero secundum substantiam. Ita tamen quod superiora
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diff changeset
750 elementa praedominantur in eo secundum virtutem, scilicet ignis et
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diff changeset
751 aer, quia vita praecipue consistit in calido, quod est ignis, et
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diff changeset
752 humido, quod est aeris. Inferiora vero elementa abundant in eo
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diff changeset
753 secundum substantiam, aliter enim non posset esse mixtionis
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diff changeset
754 aequalitas, nisi inferiora elementa, quae sunt minoris virtutis,
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diff changeset
755 secundum quantitatem in homine abundarent. Et ideo dicitur corpus
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diff changeset
756 hominis de limo terrae formatum, quia limus dicitur terra aquae
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diff changeset
757 permixta. Et propter hoc homo dicitur minor mundus, quia omnes
53
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diff changeset
758 creaturae mundi quodammodo inveniuntur in eo.</p><p title="I q. 91 a. 1 ad 1"><a name="32286"><span class="ref">[32286] Iª q. 91 a. 1 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28
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diff changeset
759 dicendum quod virtus Dei creantis manifestata est in corpore
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diff changeset
760 hominis, dum eius materia est per creationem producta. Oportuit
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diff changeset
761 autem ut ex materia quatuor elementorum fieret corpus humanum, ut
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diff changeset
762 homo haberet convenientiam cum inferioribus corporibus, quasi
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diff changeset
763 medium quoddam existens inter spirituales et corporales
53
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diff changeset
764 substantias.</p><p title="I q. 91 a. 1 ad 2"><a name="32287"><span class="ref">[32287] Iª q. 91 a. 1 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
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diff changeset
765 dicendum quod, quamvis corpus caeleste sit simpliciter nobilius
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diff changeset
766 terrestri corpore, tamen quantum ad actus animae rationalis, est
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diff changeset
767 minus conveniens. Nam anima rationalis accipit notitiam veritatis
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diff changeset
768 quodammodo per sensus; quorum organa formari non possunt ex corpore
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diff changeset
769 caelesti, cum sit impassibile. Nec est verum quod quidam dicunt
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diff changeset
770 aliquid de quinta essentia materialiter ad compositionem humani
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diff changeset
771 corporis advenire, ponentes animam uniri corpori mediante quadam
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diff changeset
772 luce. Primo enim, falsum est quod dicunt, lucem esse corpus.
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diff changeset
773 Secundo vero, impossibile est aliquid de quinta essentia vel a
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diff changeset
774 corpore caelesti dividi, vel elementis permisceri, propter
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diff changeset
775 caelestis corporis impassibilitatem. Unde non venit in
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diff changeset
776 compositionem mixtorum corporum, nisi secundum suae virtutis
53
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diff changeset
777 effectum.</p><p title="I q. 91 a. 1 ad 3"><a name="32288"><span class="ref">[32288] Iª q. 91 a. 1 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
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diff changeset
778 dicendum quod, si ignis et aer, quae sunt maioris virtutis in
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diff changeset
779 agendo, etiam secundum quantitatem in compositione humani corporis
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diff changeset
780 abundarent, omnino ad se traherent alia, et non posset fieri
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diff changeset
781 aequalitas commixtionis, quae est necessaria in compositione
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diff changeset
782 hominis ad bonitatem sensus tactus, qui est fundamentum sensuum
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diff changeset
783 aliorum. Oportet enim organum cuiuslibet sensus non habere in actu
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diff changeset
784 contraria quorum sensus est perceptivus, sed in potentia tantum.
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diff changeset
785 Vel ita quod omnino careat toto genere contrariorum, sicut pupilla
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diff changeset
786 caret colore, ut sit in potentia ad omnes colores, quod in organo
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diff changeset
787 tactus non erat possibile, cum sit compositum ex elementis, quorum
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diff changeset
788 qualitates percipit tactus. Vel ita quod organum sit medium inter
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diff changeset
789 contraria, ut necesse est in tactu accidere, medium enim est
53
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diff changeset
790 quodammodo in potentia ad extrema.</p><p title="I q. 91 a. 1 ad 4"><a name="32289"><span class="ref">[32289] Iª q. 91 a. 1 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
28
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diff changeset
791 dicendum quod in limo terrae est terra, et aqua conglutinans partes
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diff changeset
792 terrae. De aliis autem elementis Scriptura mentionem non fecit, tum
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diff changeset
793 quia minus abundant secundum quantitatem in corpore hominis, ut
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diff changeset
794 dictum est; tum etiam quia in tota rerum productione, de igne et
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diff changeset
795 aere, quae sensu non percipiuntur a rudibus mentionem non fecit
53
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diff changeset
796 Scriptura, quae rudi populo tradebatur.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 2</h3><p title="I q. 91 a. 2 arg. 1"><a name="32290"><span class="ref">[32290] Iª q. 91 a. 2 arg. 1</span></a> Ad secundum sic
28
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diff changeset
797 proceditur. Videtur quod corpus humanum non sit immediate a Deo
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diff changeset
798 productum. Dicit enim Augustinus, in III de Trin., quod corporalia
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diff changeset
799 disponuntur a Deo per angelicam creaturam. Sed corpus humanum
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diff changeset
800 formatum fuit ex materia corporali, ut dictum est. Ergo debuit
53
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diff changeset
801 produci mediantibus Angelis, et non immediate a Deo.</p><p title="I q. 91 a. 2 arg. 2"><a name="32291"><span class="ref">[32291] Iª q. 91 a. 2 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea, quod
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
802 fieri potest virtute creata, non est necessarium quod immediate
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parents: 26
diff changeset
803 producatur a Deo. Sed corpus humanum produci potest per virtutem
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parents: 26
diff changeset
804 creatam caelestis corporis, nam et quaedam animalia ex
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diff changeset
805 putrefactione generantur per virtutem activam corporis caelestis;
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diff changeset
806 et Albumasar dicit quod in locis in quibus nimis abundat calor aut
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diff changeset
807 frigus, homines non generantur, sed in locis temperatis tantum.
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diff changeset
808 Ergo non oportuit quod immediate corpus humanum formaretur a
53
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diff changeset
809 Deo.</p><p title="I q. 91 a. 2 arg. 3"><a name="32292"><span class="ref">[32292] Iª q. 91 a. 2 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea, nihil
28
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diff changeset
810 fit ex materia corporali nisi per aliquam materiae transmutationem.
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diff changeset
811 Sed omnis transmutatio corporalis causatur ex motu caelestis
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diff changeset
812 corporis, qui est primus motuum. Cum igitur corpus humanum sit
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diff changeset
813 productum ex materia corporali, videtur quod ad eius formationem
53
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diff changeset
814 aliquid operatum fuerit corpus caeleste.</p><p title="I q. 91 a. 2 arg. 4"><a name="32293"><span class="ref">[32293] Iª q. 91 a. 2 arg. 4</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
815 Augustinus dicit, super Gen. ad Litt., quod homo factus est
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diff changeset
816 secundum corpus, in operibus sex dierum, secundum causales rationes
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diff changeset
817 quas Deus inseruit creaturae corporali; postmodum vero fuit
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diff changeset
818 formatum in actu. Sed quod praeexistit in corporali creatura
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diff changeset
819 secundum causales rationes, per aliquam virtutem corpoream produci
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diff changeset
820 potest. Ergo corpus humanum productum est aliqua virtute creata, et
53
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diff changeset
821 non immediate a Deo.</p><p title="I q. 91 a. 2 s. c."><a name="32294"><span class="ref">[32294] Iª q. 91 a. 2 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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diff changeset
822 quod dicitur Eccli. XVII, <i>Deus de terra creavit hominem</i>.</p><p title="I q. 91 a. 2 co."><a name="32295"><span class="ref">[32295] Iª q. 91 a. 2 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
28
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diff changeset
823 quod prima formatio humani corporis non potuit esse per aliquam
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parents: 26
diff changeset
824 virtutem creatam, sed immediate a Deo. Posuerunt siquidem aliqui
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parents: 26
diff changeset
825 formas quae sunt in materia corporali, a quibusdam formis
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parents: 26
diff changeset
826 immaterialibus derivari. Sed hanc opinionem repellit philosophus,
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diff changeset
827 in VII Metaphys., per hoc quod formis non competit per se fieri,
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diff changeset
828 sed composito, ut supra expositum est; et quia oportet agens esse
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diff changeset
829 simile facto non convenit quod forma pura, quae est sine materia,
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diff changeset
830 producat formam quae est in materia, quae non fit nisi per hoc quod
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diff changeset
831 compositum fit. Et ideo oportet quod forma quae est in materia, sit
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diff changeset
832 causa formae quae est in materia, secundum quod compositum a
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833 composito generatur. Deus autem, quamvis omnino sit immaterialis,
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diff changeset
834 tamen solus est qui sua virtute materiam producere potest creando.
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diff changeset
835 Unde ipsius solius est formam producere in materia absque
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836 adminiculo praecedentis formae materialis. Et propter hoc, Angeli
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837 non possunt transmutare corpora ad formam aliquam, nisi adhibitis
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diff changeset
838 seminibus quibusdam, ut Augustinus dicit in III de Trin. Quia
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diff changeset
839 igitur corpus humanum nunquam formatum fuerat, cuius virtute per
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840 viam generationis aliud simile in specie formaretur, necesse fuit
53
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841 quod primum corpus hominis immediate formaretur a Deo.</p><p title="I q. 91 a. 2 ad 1"><a name="32296"><span class="ref">[32296] Iª q. 91 a. 2 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28
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diff changeset
842 dicendum quod, etsi Angeli aliquod ministerium Deo exhibeant in his
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843 quae circa corpora operatur; aliqua tamen Deus in creatura corporea
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diff changeset
844 facit, quae nullo modo Angeli facere possunt; sicut quod suscitat
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845 mortuos, et illuminat caecos. Secundum quam virtutem etiam corpus
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846 primi hominis de limo terrae formavit. Potuit tamen fieri ut
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847 aliquod ministerium in formatione corporis primi hominis Angeli
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diff changeset
848 exhiberent; sicut exhibebunt in ultima resurrectione, pulveres
53
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diff changeset
849 colligendo.</p><p title="I q. 91 a. 2 ad 2"><a name="32297"><span class="ref">[32297] Iª q. 91 a. 2 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
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850 dicendum quod animalia perfecta, quae generantur ex semine, non
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diff changeset
851 possunt generari per solam virtutem caelestis corporis, ut Avicenna
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diff changeset
852 fingit; licet ad eorum generationem naturalem cooperetur virtus
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diff changeset
853 caelestis corporis, prout philosophus dicit, in II Physic., quod
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854 <i>homo generat hominem ex materia, et sol</i>. Et exinde est quod
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diff changeset
855 exigitur locus temperatus ad generationem hominum et aliorum
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diff changeset
856 animalium perfectorum. Sufficit autem virtus caelestium corporum ad
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diff changeset
857 generandum quaedam animalia imperfectiora ex materia disposita,
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diff changeset
858 manifestum est enim quod plura requiruntur ad productionem rei
53
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diff changeset
859 perfectae, quam ad productionem rei imperfectae.</p><p title="I q. 91 a. 2 ad 3"><a name="32298"><span class="ref">[32298] Iª q. 91 a. 2 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
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diff changeset
860 dicendum quod motus caeli est causa transmutationum naturalium, non
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diff changeset
861 tamen transmutationum quae fiunt praeter naturae ordinem, et sola
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diff changeset
862 virtute divina, sicut quod mortui resuscitantur, quod caeci
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diff changeset
863 illuminantur. Quibus est simile quod homo ex limo terrae
53
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diff changeset
864 formatur.</p><p title="I q. 91 a. 2 ad 4"><a name="32299"><span class="ref">[32299] Iª q. 91 a. 2 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
28
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diff changeset
865 dicendum quod secundum rationes causales in creaturis dicitur
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diff changeset
866 aliquid praeexistere dupliciter. Uno modo, secundum potentiam
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diff changeset
867 activam et passivam, ut non solum ex materia praeexistenti fieri
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diff changeset
868 possit, sed etiam ut aliqua praeexistens creatura hoc facere
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diff changeset
869 possit. Alio modo, secundum potentiam passivam tantum, ut scilicet
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diff changeset
870 de materia praeexistenti fieri possit a Deo. Et hoc modo, secundum
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diff changeset
871 Augustinum, corpus hominis praeextitit in operibus productis
53
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872 secundum causales rationes.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 3</h3><p title="I q. 91 a. 3 arg. 1"><a name="32300"><span class="ref">[32300] Iª q. 91 a. 3 arg. 1</span></a> Ad tertium sic
28
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diff changeset
873 proceditur. Videtur quod corpus hominis non habuerit convenientem
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diff changeset
874 dispositionem. Cum enim homo sit nobilissimum animalium, corpus
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diff changeset
875 hominis debuit esse dispositum optime ad ea quae sunt propria
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diff changeset
876 animalis, scilicet ad sensum et motum. Sed quaedam animalia
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diff changeset
877 inveniuntur acutioris sensus quam homo, et velocioris motus; sicut
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diff changeset
878 canes melius odorant, et aves velocius moventur. Ergo corpus
53
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diff changeset
879 hominis non est convenienter dispositum.</p><p title="I q. 91 a. 3 arg. 2"><a name="32301"><span class="ref">[32301] Iª q. 91 a. 3 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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diff changeset
880 perfectum est cui nihil deest. Sed plura desunt humano corpori quam
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diff changeset
881 corporibus aliorum animalium, quae habent tegumenta et arma
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diff changeset
882 naturalia ad sui protectionem, quae homini desunt. Ergo corpus
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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diff changeset
883 humanum est imperfectissime dispositum.</p><p title="I q. 91 a. 3 arg. 3"><a name="32302"><span class="ref">[32302] Iª q. 91 a. 3 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea, homo
28
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diff changeset
884 plus distat a plantis quam ab animalibus brutis. Sed plantae habent
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diff changeset
885 staturam rectam; animalia autem bruta pronam. Ergo homo non debuit
53
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diff changeset
886 habere staturam rectam.</p><p title="I q. 91 a. 3 s. c."><a name="32303"><span class="ref">[32303] Iª q. 91 a. 3 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
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diff changeset
887 quod dicitur Eccle. VII, <i>Deus fecit hominem rectum</i>.</p><p title="I q. 91 a. 3 co."><a name="32304"><span class="ref">[32304] Iª q. 91 a. 3 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
28
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diff changeset
888 quod omnes res naturales productae sunt ab arte divina, unde sunt
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diff changeset
889 quodammodo artificiata ipsius Dei. Quilibet autem artifex intendit
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parents: 26
diff changeset
890 suo operi dispositionem optimam inducere, non simpliciter, sed per
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diff changeset
891 comparationem ad finem. Et si talis dispositio habet secum
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diff changeset
892 adiunctum aliquem defectum, artifex non curat. Sicut artifex qui
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diff changeset
893 facit serram ad secandum, facit eam ex ferro, ut sit idonea ad
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diff changeset
894 secandum; nec curat eam facere ex vitro, quae est pulchrior
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diff changeset
895 materia, quia talis pulchritudo esset impedimentum finis. Sic
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diff changeset
896 igitur Deus unicuique rei naturali dedit optimam dispositionem, non
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diff changeset
897 quidem simpliciter, sed secundum ordinem ad proprium finem. Et hoc
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diff changeset
898 est quod philosophus dicit, in II Physic., <i>et quia dignius est
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diff changeset
899 sic, non tamen simpliciter, sed ad uniuscuiusque substantiam</i>.
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diff changeset
900 Finis autem proximus humani corporis est anima rationalis et
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diff changeset
901 operationes ipsius, materia enim est propter formam, et instrumenta
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diff changeset
902 propter actiones agentis. Dico ergo quod Deus instituit corpus
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parents: 26
diff changeset
903 humanum in optima dispositione secundum convenientiam ad talem
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diff changeset
904 formam et ad tales operationes. Et si aliquis defectus in
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parents: 26
diff changeset
905 dispositione humani corporis esse videtur, considerandum est quod
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diff changeset
906 talis defectus sequitur ex necessitate materiae, ad ea quae
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diff changeset
907 requiruntur in corpore ut sit debita proportio ipsius ad animam et
53
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diff changeset
908 ad animae operationes.</p><p title="I q. 91 a. 3 ad 1"><a name="32305"><span class="ref">[32305] Iª q. 91 a. 3 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28
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diff changeset
909 dicendum quod tactus, qui est fundamentum aliorum sensuum, est
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diff changeset
910 perfectior in homine quam in aliquo alio animali, et propter hoc
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diff changeset
911 oportuit quod homo haberet temperatissimam complexionem inter omnia
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diff changeset
912 animalia. Praecedit etiam homo omnia alia animalia, quantum ad
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diff changeset
913 vires sensitivas interiores; sicut ex supra dictis apparet. Ex
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diff changeset
914 quadam autem necessitate contingit quod, quantum ad aliquos
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diff changeset
915 exteriores sensus, homo ab aliis animalibus deficiat. Sicut homo,
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diff changeset
916 inter omnia animalia, habet pessimum olfactum. Necessarium enim
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diff changeset
917 fuit quod homo, inter omnia animalia, respectu sui corporis haberet
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diff changeset
918 maximum cerebrum, tum ut liberius in eo perficerentur operationes
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diff changeset
919 interiorum virium sensitivarum, quae sunt necessariae ad
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diff changeset
920 intellectus operationem, ut supra dictum est; tum etiam ut
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diff changeset
921 frigiditas cerebri temperaret calorem cordis, quem necesse est in
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parents: 26
diff changeset
922 homine abundare, ad hoc quod homo sit rectae staturae. Magnitudo
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parents: 26
diff changeset
923 autem cerebri, propter eius humiditatem, est impedimentum olfactus,
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diff changeset
924 qui requirit siccitatem. Et similiter potest assignari ratio quare
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parents: 26
diff changeset
925 quaedam animalia sunt acutioris visus et subtilioris auditus quam
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diff changeset
926 homo, propter impedimentum horum sensuum quod necesse est consequi
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diff changeset
927 in homine ex perfecta complexionis aequalitate. Et eadem etiam
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diff changeset
928 ratio est assignanda de hoc quod quaedam animalia sunt homine
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diff changeset
929 velociora, cui excellentiae velocitatis repugnat aequalitas humanae
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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diff changeset
930 complexionis.</p><p title="I q. 91 a. 3 ad 2"><a name="32306"><span class="ref">[32306] Iª q. 91 a. 3 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
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diff changeset
931 dicendum quod cornua et ungulae, quae sunt quorundam animalium
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diff changeset
932 arma, et spissitudo corii, et multitudo pilorum aut plumarum, quae
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diff changeset
933 sunt tegumenta animalium, attestantur abundantiae terrestris
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diff changeset
934 elementi; quae repugnat aequalitati et teneritudini complexionis
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diff changeset
935 humanae. Et ideo haec homini non competebant. Sed loco horum habet
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diff changeset
936 rationem et manus, quibus potest parare sibi arma et tegumenta et
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diff changeset
937 alia vitae necessaria, infinitis modis. Unde et manus, in III de
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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diff changeset
938 anima, dicitur organum organorum. Et hoc etiam magis competebat
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diff changeset
939 rationali naturae, quae est infinitarum conceptionum, ut haberet
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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diff changeset
940 facultatem infinita instrumenta sibi parandi.</p><p title="I q. 91 a. 3 ad 3"><a name="32307"><span class="ref">[32307] Iª q. 91 a. 3 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
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diff changeset
941 dicendum quod habere staturam rectam conveniens fuit homini propter
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diff changeset
942 quatuor. Primo quidem, quia sensus sunt dati homini non solum ad
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diff changeset
943 vitae necessaria procuranda, sicut aliis animalibus; sed etiam ad
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diff changeset
944 cognoscendum. Unde, cum cetera animalia non delectentur in
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diff changeset
945 sensibilibus nisi per ordinem ad cibos et venerea, solus homo
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diff changeset
946 delectatur in ipsa pulchritudine sensibilium secundum seipsam. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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diff changeset
947 ideo, quia sensus praecipue vigent in facie, alia animalia habent
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diff changeset
948 faciem pronam ad terram, quasi ad cibum quaerendum et providendum
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diff changeset
949 sibi de victu, homo vero habet faciem erectam, ut per sensus, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
950 praecipue per visum, qui est subtilior et plures differentias rerum
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diff changeset
951 ostendit, libere possit ex omni parte sensibilia cognoscere, et
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diff changeset
952 caelestia et terrena, ut ex omnibus intelligibilem colligat
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diff changeset
953 veritatem. Secundo, ut interiores vires liberius suas operationes
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parents: 26
diff changeset
954 habeant, dum cerebrum, in quo quodammodo perficiuntur, non est
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parents: 26
diff changeset
955 depressum, sed super omnes partes corporis elevatum. Tertio, quia
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parents: 26
diff changeset
956 oporteret quod, si homo haberet pronam staturam, uteretur manibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
957 loco anteriorum pedum. Et sic utilitas manuum ad diversa opera
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parents: 26
diff changeset
958 perficienda cessaret. Quarto, quia, si haberet pronam staturam, et
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diff changeset
959 uteretur manibus loco anteriorum pedum, oporteret quod cibum
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diff changeset
960 caperet ore. Et ita haberet os oblongum, et labia dura et grossa,
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diff changeset
961 et linguam etiam duram, ne ab exterioribus laederetur, sicut patet
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parents: 26
diff changeset
962 in aliis animalibus. Et talis dispositio omnino impediret
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diff changeset
963 locutionem, quae est proprium opus rationis. Et tamen homo staturam
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diff changeset
964 rectam habens, maxime distat a plantis. Nam homo habet superius
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diff changeset
965 sui, idest caput, versus superius mundi, et inferius sui versus
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diff changeset
966 inferius mundi, et ideo est optime dispositus secundum
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diff changeset
967 dispositionem totius. Plantae vero habent superius sui versus
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parents: 26
diff changeset
968 inferius mundi (nam radices sunt ori proportionales), inferius
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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diff changeset
969 autem sui versus superius mundi. Animalia vero bruta medio modo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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diff changeset
970 nam superius animalis est pars qua accipit alimentum, inferius
53
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971 autem est pars qua emittit superfluum.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 4</h3><p title="I q. 91 a. 4 arg. 1"><a name="32308"><span class="ref">[32308] Iª q. 91 a. 4 arg. 1</span></a> Ad quartum sic
28
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diff changeset
972 proceditur. Videtur quod inconvenienter corporis humani productio
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diff changeset
973 in Scriptura describatur. Sicut enim corpus humanum est factum a
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diff changeset
974 Deo, ita et alia opera sex dierum. Sed in aliis operibus dicitur,
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diff changeset
975 <i>dixit Deus, fiat, et factum est</i>. Ergo similiter dici debuit
53
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diff changeset
976 de hominis productione.</p><p title="I q. 91 a. 4 arg. 2"><a name="32309"><span class="ref">[32309] Iª q. 91 a. 4 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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diff changeset
977 corpus humanum a Deo immediate est factum, ut supra dictum est.
53
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diff changeset
978 Ergo inconvenienter dicitur, faciamus hominem.</p><p title="I q. 91 a. 4 arg. 3"><a name="32310"><span class="ref">[32310] Iª q. 91 a. 4 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea, forma
28
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diff changeset
979 humani corporis est ipsa anima, quae est spiraculum vitae.
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diff changeset
980 Inconvenienter ergo, postquam dixerat, <i>formavit Deus hominem de
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diff changeset
981 limo terrae</i>, subiunxit, <i>et inspiravit in faciem eius
53
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diff changeset
982 spiraculum vitae</i>.</p><p title="I q. 91 a. 4 arg. 4"><a name="32311"><span class="ref">[32311] Iª q. 91 a. 4 arg. 4</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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diff changeset
983 anima, quae est spiraculum vitae, est in toto corpore, et
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parents: 26
diff changeset
984 principaliter in corde. Non ergo debuit dicere, quod <i>inspiravit
53
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diff changeset
985 in faciem eius spiraculum vitae</i>.</p><p title="I q. 91 a. 4 arg. 5"><a name="32312"><span class="ref">[32312] Iª q. 91 a. 4 arg. 5</span></a> Praeterea, sexus
28
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diff changeset
986 masculinus et femininus pertinent ad corpus, imago vero Dei ad
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parents: 26
diff changeset
987 animam. Sed anima, secundum Augustinum, fuit facta ante corpus.
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diff changeset
988 Inconvenienter ergo cum dixisset, <i>ad imaginem suam fecit
53
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diff changeset
989 illum</i>, addidit, <i>masculum et feminam creavit eos</i>.</p><p title="I q. 91 a. 4 s. c."><a name="32313"><span class="ref">[32313] Iª q. 91 a. 4 s. c.</span></a> In contrarium est
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diff changeset
990 auctoritas Scripturae.</p><p title="I q. 91 a. 4 ad 1"><a name="32314"><span class="ref">[32314] Iª q. 91 a. 4 ad 1</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
28
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diff changeset
991 ad primum quod, sicut Augustinus dicit in VI super Gen. ad Litt.,
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diff changeset
992 non in hoc praeeminet homo aliis rebus, quod Deus ipse fecit
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parents: 26
diff changeset
993 hominem, quasi alia ipse non fecerit; cum scriptum sit, <i>opera
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parents: 26
diff changeset
994 manuum tuarum sunt caeli</i>, et alibi, <i>aridam fundaverunt manus
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parents: 26
diff changeset
995 eius</i>, sed in hoc quod ad imaginem Dei factus est homo. Utitur
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diff changeset
996 tamen Scriptura in productione hominis speciali modo loquendi, ad
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parents: 26
diff changeset
997 ostendendum quod alia propter hominem facta sunt. Ea enim quae
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diff changeset
998 principaliter intendimus, cum maiori deliberatione et studio
53
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diff changeset
999 consuevimus facere.</p><p title="I q. 91 a. 4 ad 2"><a name="32315"><span class="ref">[32315] Iª q. 91 a. 4 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
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diff changeset
1000 dicendum quod non est intelligendum Deum Angelis dixisse, faciamus
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1001 hominem; ut quidam perverse intellexerunt. Sed hoc dicitur ad
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diff changeset
1002 significandum pluralitatem divinarum personarum, quarum imago
53
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diff changeset
1003 expressius invenitur in homine.</p><p title="I q. 91 a. 4 ad 3"><a name="32316"><span class="ref">[32316] Iª q. 91 a. 4 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1004 dicendum quod quidam intellexerunt corpus hominis prius tempore
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1005 formatum, et postmodum Deum formato iam corpori animam infudisse.
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1006 Sed contra rationem perfectionis primae institutionis rerum est,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1007 quod Deus vel corpus sine anima, vel animam sine corpore fecerit,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1008 cum utrumque sit pars humanae naturae. Et hoc etiam est magis
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1009 inconveniens de corpore, quod dependet ex anima, et non e converso.
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diff changeset
1010 Et ideo ad hoc excludendum, quidam posuerunt quod, cum dicitur,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1011 formavit Deus hominem, intelligitur productio corporis simul cum
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diff changeset
1012 anima; quod autem additur, et inspiravit in faciem eius spiraculum
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diff changeset
1013 vitae, intelligitur de spiritu sancto; sicut et dominus insufflavit
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1014 in apostolos, dicens, accipite spiritum sanctum, Ioan. XX. Sed haec
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1015 expositio, ut dicit Augustinus in libro de Civ. Dei, excluditur per
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1016 verba Scripturae. Nam subditur ad praedicta, <i>et factus est homo
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1017 in animam viventem</i>, quod apostolus, I ad Cor. XV, non ad vitam
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1018 spiritualem, sed ad vitam animalem refert. Per spiraculum ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1019 vitae intelligitur anima, ut sic quod dicitur, <i>inspiravit in
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diff changeset
1020 faciem eius spiraculum vitae</i>, sit quasi expositio eius quod
53
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diff changeset
1021 praemiserat; nam anima est corporis forma.</p><p title="I q. 91 a. 4 ad 4"><a name="32317"><span class="ref">[32317] Iª q. 91 a. 4 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1022 dicendum quod, quia operationes vitae magis manifestantur in facie
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1023 hominis, propter sensus ibi existentes; ideo dicit in faciem
53
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diff changeset
1024 hominis inspiratum esse spiraculum vitae.</p><p title="I q. 91 a. 4 ad 5"><a name="32318"><span class="ref">[32318] Iª q. 91 a. 4 ad 5</span></a> Ad quintum
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1025 dicendum quod, secundum Augustinum, omnia opera sex dierum simul
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1026 sunt facta. Unde animam primi hominis, quam ponit simul factam cum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1027 Angelis, non ponit factam ante sextum diem; sed in ipso sexto die
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1028 ponit esse factam et animam primi hominis in actu, et corpus eius
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diff changeset
1029 secundum rationes causales. Alii vero doctores ponunt et animam et
59
03759e5c1080 fix multi-para s.c.
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diff changeset
1030 corpus hominis factum sexto die in actu.</p></div></div><div id="q92" class="q"><h2>Quaestio 92</h2><div class="p"><h3>Prooemium</h3><p title="I q. 92 pr."><a name="32319"><span class="ref">[32319]
53
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diff changeset
1031 Iª q. 92 pr.</span></a> Deinde considerandum est de
28
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diff changeset
1032 productione mulieris. Et circa hoc quaeruntur quatuor. Primo, utrum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1033 in illa rerum productione debuerit mulier produci. Secundo, utrum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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diff changeset
1034 debuerit fieri de viro. Tertio, utrum de costa viri. Quarto, utrum
53
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diff changeset
1035 facta fuerit immediate a Deo.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 1</h3><p title="I q. 92 a. 1 arg. 1"><a name="32320"><span class="ref">[32320] Iª q. 92 a. 1 arg. 1</span></a> Ad primum sic
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1036 proceditur. Videtur quod mulier non debuit produci in prima rerum
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diff changeset
1037 productione. Dicit enim philosophus, in libro de Generat. Animal.,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1038 quod <i>femina est mas occasionatus</i>. Sed nihil occasionatum et
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diff changeset
1039 deficiens debuit esse in prima rerum institutione. Ergo in illa
53
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diff changeset
1040 prima rerum institutione mulier producenda non fuit.</p><p title="I q. 92 a. 1 arg. 2"><a name="32321"><span class="ref">[32321] Iª q. 92 a. 1 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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diff changeset
1041 subiectio et minoratio ex peccato est subsecuta, nam, ad mulierem
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diff changeset
1042 dictum est post peccatum, Gen. III, <i>sub viri potestate eris</i>;
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diff changeset
1043 et Gregorius dicit quod, <i>ubi non delinquimus, omnes pares
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diff changeset
1044 sumus</i>. Sed mulier naturaliter est minoris virtutis et
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diff changeset
1045 dignitatis quam vir, semper enim honorabilius est agens patiente,
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diff changeset
1046 ut dicit Augustinus XII super Gen. ad Litt. Ergo non debuit mulier
53
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diff changeset
1047 produci in prima rerum productione ante peccatum.</p><p title="I q. 92 a. 1 arg. 3"><a name="32322"><span class="ref">[32322] Iª q. 92 a. 1 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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diff changeset
1048 occasiones peccatorum sunt amputandae. Sed Deus praescivit quod
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diff changeset
1049 mulier esset futura viro in occasionem peccati. Ergo non debuit
53
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diff changeset
1050 mulierem producere.</p><p title="I q. 92 a. 1 s. c."><a name="32323"><span class="ref">[32323] Iª q. 92 a. 1 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28
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diff changeset
1051 quod dicitur Gen. II, <i>non est bonum hominem esse solum; faciamus
53
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diff changeset
1052 ei adiutorium simile sibi</i>.</p><p title="I q. 92 a. 1 co."><a name="32324"><span class="ref">[32324] Iª q. 92 a. 1 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
28
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diff changeset
1053 quod necessarium fuit feminam fieri, sicut Scriptura dicit, in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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diff changeset
1054 adiutorium viri, non quidem in adiutorium alicuius alterius operis,
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diff changeset
1055 ut quidam dixerunt, cum ad quodlibet aliud opus convenientius
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diff changeset
1056 iuvari possit vir per alium virum quam per mulierem; sed in
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diff changeset
1057 adiutorium generationis. Quod manifestius videri potest, si in
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diff changeset
1058 viventibus modus generationis consideretur. Sunt enim quaedam
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diff changeset
1059 viventia, quae in seipsis non habent virtutem activam generationis,
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diff changeset
1060 sed ab agente alterius speciei generantur; sicut plantae et
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diff changeset
1061 animalia quae generantur sine semine ex materia convenienti per
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diff changeset
1062 virtutem activam caelestium corporum. Quaedam vero habent virtutem
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1063 generationis activam et passivam coniunctam; sicut accidit in
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diff changeset
1064 plantis quae generantur ex semine. Non enim est in plantis aliquod
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diff changeset
1065 nobilius opus vitae quam generatio, unde convenienter omni tempore
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diff changeset
1066 in eis virtuti passivae coniungitur virtus activa generationis.
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diff changeset
1067 Animalibus vero perfectis competit virtus activa generationis
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diff changeset
1068 secundum sexum masculinum, virtus vero passiva secundum sexum
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diff changeset
1069 femininum. Et quia est aliquod opus vitae nobilius in animalibus
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diff changeset
1070 quam generatio, ad quod eorum vita principaliter ordinatur; ideo
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diff changeset
1071 non omni tempore sexus masculinus feminino coniungitur in
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diff changeset
1072 animalibus perfectis, sed solum tempore coitus; ut imaginemur per
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diff changeset
1073 coitum sic fieri unum ex mare et femina, sicut in planta omni
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diff changeset
1074 tempore coniunguntur vis masculina et feminina, etsi in quibusdam
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diff changeset
1075 plus abundet una harum, in quibusdam plus altera. Homo autem adhuc
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diff changeset
1076 ordinatur ad nobilius opus vitae, quod est intelligere. Et ideo
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diff changeset
1077 adhuc in homine debuit esse maiori ratione distinctio utriusque
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1078 virtutis, ut seorsum produceretur femina a mare, et tamen
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diff changeset
1079 carnaliter coniungerentur in unum ad generationis opus. Et ideo
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diff changeset
1080 statim post formationem mulieris, dicitur Gen. II, <i>erunt duo in
53
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diff changeset
1081 carne una</i>.</p><p title="I q. 92 a. 1 ad 1"><a name="32325"><span class="ref">[32325] Iª q. 92 a. 1 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28
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diff changeset
1082 dicendum quod per respectum ad naturam particularem, femina est
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diff changeset
1083 aliquid deficiens et occasionatum. Quia virtus activa quae est in
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diff changeset
1084 semine maris, intendit producere sibi simile perfectum, secundum
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diff changeset
1085 masculinum sexum, sed quod femina generetur, hoc est propter
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diff changeset
1086 virtutis activae debilitatem, vel propter aliquam materiae
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diff changeset
1087 indispositionem, vel etiam propter aliquam transmutationem ab
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diff changeset
1088 extrinseco, puta a ventis Australibus, qui sunt humidi, ut dicitur
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diff changeset
1089 in libro de Generat. Animal. Sed per comparationem ad naturam
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diff changeset
1090 universalem, femina non est aliquid occasionatum, sed est de
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diff changeset
1091 intentione naturae ad opus generationis ordinata. Intentio autem
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diff changeset
1092 naturae universalis dependet ex Deo, qui est universalis auctor
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diff changeset
1093 naturae. Et ideo instituendo naturam, non solum marem, sed etiam
53
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diff changeset
1094 feminam produxit.</p><p title="I q. 92 a. 1 ad 2"><a name="32326"><span class="ref">[32326] Iª q. 92 a. 1 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
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diff changeset
1095 dicendum quod duplex est subiectio. Una servilis, secundum quam
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diff changeset
1096 praesidens utitur subiecto ad sui ipsius utilitatem et talis
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1097 subiectio introducta est post peccatum. Est autem alia subiectio
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diff changeset
1098 oeconomica vel civilis, secundum quam praesidens utitur subiectis
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diff changeset
1099 ad eorum utilitatem et bonum. Et ista subiectio fuisset etiam ante
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1100 peccatum, defuisset enim bonum ordinis in humana multitudine, si
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diff changeset
1101 quidam per alios sapientiores gubernati non fuissent. Et sic ex
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1102 tali subiectione naturaliter femina subiecta est viro, quia
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diff changeset
1103 naturaliter in homine magis abundat discretio rationis. Nec
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diff changeset
1104 inaequalitas hominum excluditur per innocentiae statum, ut infra
53
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diff changeset
1105 dicetur.</p><p title="I q. 92 a. 1 ad 3"><a name="32327"><span class="ref">[32327] Iª q. 92 a. 1 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
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1106 dicendum quod, si omnia ex quibus homo sumpsit occasionem peccandi,
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diff changeset
1107 Deus subtraxisset a mundo, remansisset universum imperfectum. Nec
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1108 debuit bonum commune tolli, ut vitaretur particulare malum,
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1109 praesertim cum Deus sit adeo potens, ut quodlibet malum possit
53
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1110 ordinare in bonum.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 2</h3><p title="I q. 92 a. 2 arg. 1"><a name="32328"><span class="ref">[32328] Iª q. 92 a. 2 arg. 1</span></a> Ad secundum sic
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1111 proceditur. Videtur quod mulier non debuit fieri ex viro. Sexus
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diff changeset
1112 enim communis est homini et aliis animalibus. Sed in aliis
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diff changeset
1113 animalibus feminae non sunt factae ex maribus. Ergo nec in homine
53
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diff changeset
1114 fieri debuit.</p><p title="I q. 92 a. 2 arg. 2"><a name="32329"><span class="ref">[32329] Iª q. 92 a. 2 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea, eorum
28
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parents: 26
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1115 quae sunt eiusdem speciei, eadem est materia. Sed mas et femina
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1116 sunt eiusdem speciei. Cum igitur vir fuerit factus ex limo terrae,
53
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1117 ex eodem debuit fieri femina, et non ex viro.</p><p title="I q. 92 a. 2 arg. 3"><a name="32330"><span class="ref">[32330] Iª q. 92 a. 2 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1118 mulier facta est in adiutorium viro ad generationem. Sed nimia
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diff changeset
1119 propinquitas reddit personam ad hoc ineptam, unde personae
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1120 propinquae a matrimonio excluduntur, ut patet Levit. XVIII. Ergo
53
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diff changeset
1121 mulier non debuit fieri ex viro.</p><p title="I q. 92 a. 2 s. c."><a name="32331"><span class="ref">[32331] Iª q. 92 a. 2 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28
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diff changeset
1122 quod dicitur Eccli. XVII, creavit ex ipso, scilicet viro,
53
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diff changeset
1123 adiutorium sibi simile, idest mulierem.</p><p title="I q. 92 a. 2 co."><a name="32332"><span class="ref">[32332] Iª q. 92 a. 2 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
28
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diff changeset
1124 quod conveniens fuit mulierem, in prima rerum institutione, ex viro
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diff changeset
1125 formari, magis quam in aliis animalibus. Primo quidem, ut in hoc
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diff changeset
1126 quaedam dignitas primo homini servaretur, ut, secundum Dei
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diff changeset
1127 similitudinem, esset ipse principium totius suae speciei, sicut
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diff changeset
1128 Deus est principium totius universi. Unde et Paulus dicit, Act.
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diff changeset
1129 XVII, quod <i>Deus fecit ex uno omne genus hominum</i>. Secundo, ut
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1130 vir magis diligeret mulierem, et ei inseparabilius inhaereret, dum
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diff changeset
1131 cognosceret eam ex se esse productam. Unde dicitur Gen. II, <i>de
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diff changeset
1132 viro sumpta est, quamobrem relinquet homo patrem et matrem, et
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diff changeset
1133 adhaerebit uxori suae</i>. Et hoc maxime necessarium fuit in specie
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1134 humana, in qua mas et femina commanent per totam vitam, quod non
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diff changeset
1135 contingit in aliis animalibus. Tertio quia, ut philosophus dicit in
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1136 VIII Ethic., mas et femina coniunguntur in hominibus non solum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1137 propter necessitatem generationis, ut in aliis animalibus; sed
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diff changeset
1138 etiam propter domesticam vitam, in qua sunt alia opera viri et
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1139 feminae, et in qua vir est caput mulieris. Unde convenienter ex
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1140 viro formata est femina, sicut ex suo principio. Quarto est ratio
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1141 sacramentalis; figuratur enim per hoc quod Ecclesia a Christo sumit
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diff changeset
1142 principium. Unde apostolus dicit, ad Ephes. V, <i>sacramentum hoc
53
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diff changeset
1143 magnum est, ego autem dico in Christo et in Ecclesia</i>.</p><p title="I q. 92 a. 2 ad 1"><a name="32333"><span class="ref">[32333] Iª q. 92 a. 2 ad 1</span></a> Et per hoc patet
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diff changeset
1144 responsio ad primum.</p><p title="I q. 92 a. 2 ad 2"><a name="32334"><span class="ref">[32334] Iª q. 92 a. 2 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1145 dicendum quod materia est ex qua aliquid fit. Natura autem creata
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1146 habet determinatum principium; et, cum sit determinata ad unum,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1147 etiam habet determinatum processum, unde ex determinata materia
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1148 producit aliquid in determinata specie. Sed virtus divina, cum sit
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1149 infinita, potest idem secundum speciem ex quacumque materia facere;
53
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diff changeset
1150 sicut virum ex limo terrae, et mulierem ex viro.</p><p title="I q. 92 a. 2 ad 3"><a name="32335"><span class="ref">[32335] Iª q. 92 a. 2 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1151 dicendum quod ex naturali generatione contrahitur quaedam
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1152 propinquitas quae matrimonium impedit. Sed mulier non est producta
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1153 a viro per naturalem generationem, sed sola virtute divina, unde
53
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diff changeset
1154 Eva non dicitur filia Adae. Et propter hoc, ratio non sequitur.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 3</h3><p title="I q. 92 a. 3 arg. 1"><a name="32336"><span class="ref">[32336] Iª q. 92 a. 3 arg. 1</span></a> Ad tertium sic
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1155 proceditur. Videtur quod mulier non debuerit formari de costa viri.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1156 Costa enim viri fuit multo minor quam corpus mulieris. Sed ex
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1157 minori non potest fieri maius, nisi vel per additionem, quod si
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1158 fuisset, magis ex illo addito mulier formata diceretur quam de
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1159 costa; vel etiam per rarefactionem, quia, ut dicit Augustinus,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1160 super Gen. ad Litt., <i>non est possibile ut aliquod corpus
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1161 crescat, nisi rarescat</i>. Non autem invenitur corpus mulieris
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1162 rarius quam viri, ad minus in ea proportione quam habet costa ad
53
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diff changeset
1163 corpus Evae. Ergo Eva non fuit formata de costa Adae.</p><p title="I q. 92 a. 3 arg. 2"><a name="32337"><span class="ref">[32337] Iª q. 92 a. 3 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea, in
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1164 operibus primo creatis non fuit aliquid superfluum. Costa ergo Adae
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1165 fuit de perfectione corporis eius. Ergo, ea subtracta, remansit
53
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diff changeset
1166 imperfectum. Quod videtur inconveniens.</p><p title="I q. 92 a. 3 arg. 3"><a name="32338"><span class="ref">[32338] Iª q. 92 a. 3 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea, costa
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1167 non potest separari ab homine sine dolore. Sed dolor non fuit ante
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1168 peccatum. Ergo costa non debuit separari a viro, ut ex ea mulier
53
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diff changeset
1169 formaretur.</p><p title="I q. 92 a. 3 s. c."><a name="32339"><span class="ref">[32339] Iª q. 92 a. 3 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1170 quod dicitur Gen. II, <i>aedificavit dominus Deus costam quam
53
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parents: 28
diff changeset
1171 tulerat de Adam, in mulierem</i>.</p><p title="I q. 92 a. 3 co."><a name="32340"><span class="ref">[32340] Iª q. 92 a. 3 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1172 quod conveniens fuit mulierem formari de costa viri. Primo quidem,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1173 ad significandum quod inter virum et mulierem debet esse socialis
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1174 coniunctio. Neque enim mulier debet dominari in virum, et ideo non
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1175 est formata de capite. Neque debet a viro despici, tanquam
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1176 serviliter subiecta, et ideo non est formata de pedibus. Secundo,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1177 propter sacramentum, quia de latere Christi dormientis in cruce
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1178 fluxerunt sacramenta, idest sanguis et aqua, quibus est Ecclesia
53
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diff changeset
1179 instituta.</p><p title="I q. 92 a. 3 ad 1"><a name="32341"><span class="ref">[32341] Iª q. 92 a. 3 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1180 dicendum quod quidam dicunt per multiplicationem materiae absque
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1181 alterius additione, formatum fuisse corpus mulieris; ad modum quo
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1182 dominus quinque panes multiplicavit. Sed hoc est omnino
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1183 impossibile. Multiplicatio enim praedicta aut accidit secundum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1184 transmutationem substantiae ipsius materiae; aut secundum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1185 transmutationem dimensionum eius. Non autem secundum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1186 transmutationem substantiae ipsius materiae, tum quia materia in se
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1187 considerata, est omnino intransmutabilis, utpote existens in
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1188 potentia, et habens solum rationem subiecti; tum etiam quia
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1189 multitudo et magnitudo sunt praeter essentiam ipsius materiae. Et
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diff changeset
1190 ideo nullo modo potest multiplicatio materiae intelligi, eadem
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1191 materia manente absque additione, nisi per hoc quod maiores
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1192 dimensiones accipiat. Hoc autem est rarefieri, scilicet materiam
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1193 eandem accipere maiores dimensiones, ut philosophus dicit in IV
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1194 Physic. Dicere ergo materiam multiplicari absque rarefactione, est
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1195 ponere contradictoria simul, scilicet definitionem absque definito.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1196 Unde, cum non appareat rarefactio in talibus multiplicationibus,
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diff changeset
1197 necesse est ponere additionem materiae, vel per creationem; vel,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1198 quod probabilius est, per conversionem. Unde Augustinus dicit,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1199 super Ioan., quod <i>hoc modo Christus ex quinque panibus satiavit
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1200 quinque millia hominum, quomodo ex paucis granis producit
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1201 multitudinem segetum</i>; quod fit per conversionem alimenti.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1202 Dicitur tamen vel ex quinque panibus turbas pavisse, vel ex costa
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1203 mulierem formasse, quia additio facta est ad materiam
53
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parents: 28
diff changeset
1204 praeexistentem costae vel panum.</p><p title="I q. 92 a. 3 ad 2"><a name="32342"><span class="ref">[32342] Iª q. 92 a. 3 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1205 dicendum quod costa illa fuit de perfectione Adae, non prout erat
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1206 individuum quoddam, sed prout erat principium speciei, sicut semen
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diff changeset
1207 est de perfectione generantis, quod operatione naturali cum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1208 delectatione resolvitur. Unde multo magis virtute divina corpus
53
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diff changeset
1209 mulieris potuit de costa viri formari absque dolore.</p><p title="I q. 92 a. 3 ad 3"><a name="32343"><span class="ref">[32343] Iª q. 92 a. 3 ad 3</span></a> Et per hoc patet
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
1210 solutio ad tertium.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 4</h3><p title="I q. 92 a. 4 arg. 1"><a name="32344"><span class="ref">[32344] Iª q. 92 a. 4 arg. 1</span></a> Ad quartum sic
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1211 proceditur. Videtur quod mulier non fuerit immediate formata a Deo.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1212 Nullum enim individuum ex simili secundum speciem productum, fit
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1213 immediate a Deo. Sed mulier facta est de viro, qui est eiusdem
53
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diff changeset
1214 speciei cum ipsa. Ergo non est facta immediate a Deo.</p><p title="I q. 92 a. 4 arg. 2"><a name="32345"><span class="ref">[32345] Iª q. 92 a. 4 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1215 Augustinus dicit, III de Trin., quod corporalia dispensantur a Deo
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1216 per Angelos. Sed corpus mulieris ex materia corporali est formatum.
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diff changeset
1217 Ergo est factum per ministerium Angelorum, et non immediate a
53
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diff changeset
1218 Deo.</p><p title="I q. 92 a. 4 arg. 3"><a name="32346"><span class="ref">[32346] Iª q. 92 a. 4 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea, ea
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1219 quae praeextiterunt in creaturis secundum rationes causales,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1220 producuntur virtute alicuius creaturae, et non immediate a Deo. Sed
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1221 secundum causales rationes corpus mulieris in primis operibus
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1222 productum fuit, ut Augustinus dicit IX super Gen. ad Litt. Ergo non
53
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parents: 28
diff changeset
1223 fuit producta mulier immediate a Deo.</p><p title="I q. 92 a. 4 s. c."><a name="32347"><span class="ref">[32347] Iª q. 92 a. 4 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1224 quod Augustinus dicit, in eodem libro, <i>formare vel aedificare
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1225 costam ut mulier esset, non potuit nisi Deus, a quo universa natura
53
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parents: 28
diff changeset
1226 subsistit</i>.</p><p title="I q. 92 a. 4 co."><a name="32348"><span class="ref">[32348] Iª q. 92 a. 4 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1227 quod, sicut supra dictum est, uniuscuiusque speciei generatio
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1228 naturalis est ex determinata materia. Materia autem ex qua
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1229 naturaliter generatur homo, est semen humanum viri vel feminae.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1230 Unde ex alia quacumque materia individuum humanae speciei generari
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1231 non potest naturaliter. Solus autem Deus, qui est naturae
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1232 institutor, potest praeter naturae ordinem res in esse producere.
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diff changeset
1233 Et ideo solus Deus potuit vel virum de limo terrae, vel mulierem de
53
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parents: 28
diff changeset
1234 costa viri formare.</p><p title="I q. 92 a. 4 ad 1"><a name="32349"><span class="ref">[32349] Iª q. 92 a. 4 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1235 dicendum quod ratio illa procedit, quando individuum generatur ex
53
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diff changeset
1236 simili secundum speciem, generatione naturali.</p><p title="I q. 92 a. 4 ad 2"><a name="32350"><span class="ref">[32350] Iª q. 92 a. 4 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1237 dicendum quod, sicut Augustinus dicit IX super Gen. ad Litt., an
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1238 ministerium Angeli exhibuerint Deo in formatione mulieris,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1239 nescimus, certum tamen est quod, sicut corpus viri de limo non fuit
53
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diff changeset
1240 formatum per Angelos, ita nec corpus mulieris de costa viri.</p><p title="I q. 92 a. 4 ad 3"><a name="32351"><span class="ref">[32351] Iª q. 92 a. 4 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1241 dicendum quod, sicut Augustinus in eodem libro dicit, <i>non habuit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1242 prima rerum conditio ut femina omnino sic fieret; sed tantum hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1243 habuit, ut sic fieri posset</i>. Et ideo secundum causales rationes
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1244 praeextitit corpus mulieris in primis operibus, non secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1245 potentiam activam, sed secundum potentiam passivam tantum, in
59
03759e5c1080 fix multi-para s.c.
ht
parents: 53
diff changeset
1246 ordine ad potentiam activam creatoris.</p></div></div><div id="q93" class="q"><h2>Quaestio 93</h2><div class="p"><h3>Prooemium</h3><p title="I q. 93 pr."><a name="32352"><span class="ref">[32352]
53
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parents: 28
diff changeset
1247 Iª q. 93 pr.</span></a> Deinde considerandum est de fine sive
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1248 termino productionis hominis, prout dicitur factus ad imaginem et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1249 similitudinem Dei. Et circa hoc quaeruntur novem. Primo, utrum in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1250 homine sit imago Dei. Secundo, utrum imago Dei sit in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1251 irrationalibus creaturis. Tertio, utrum imago Dei sit magis in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1252 Angelo quam in homine. Quarto, utrum imago Dei sit in omni homine.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1253 Quinto, utrum in homine sit imago Dei per comparationem ad
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1254 essentiam, vel ad personas divinas omnes, aut unam earum. Sexto,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1255 utrum imago Dei inveniatur in homine solum secundum mentem.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1256 Septimo, utrum imago Dei sit in homine secundum potentias, aut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1257 secundum habitus, aut actus. Octavo, utrum per comparationem ad
53
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diff changeset
1258 omnia obiecta. Nono, de differentia imaginis et similitudinis.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 1</h3><p title="I q. 93 a. 1 arg. 1"><a name="32353"><span class="ref">[32353] Iª q. 93 a. 1 arg. 1</span></a> Ad primum sic
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1259 proceditur. Videtur quod imago Dei non sit in homine. Dicitur enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1260 Isaiae XL, <i>cui similem fecistis Deum; aut quam imaginem ponetis
53
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parents: 28
diff changeset
1261 ei?</i></p><p title="I q. 93 a. 1 arg. 2"><a name="32354"><span class="ref">[32354] Iª q. 93 a. 1 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea, esse
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1262 Dei imaginem est proprium primogeniti, de quo dicit apostolus, ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1263 Colos. I, <i>qui est imago Dei invisibilis, primogenitus omnis
53
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parents: 28
diff changeset
1264 creaturae</i>. Non ergo in homine invenitur Dei imago.</p><p title="I q. 93 a. 1 arg. 3"><a name="32355"><span class="ref">[32355] Iª q. 93 a. 1 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1265 Hilarius dicit, in libro de Synod., quod <i>imago est eius rei ad
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1266 quam imaginatur, species indifferens</i>; et iterum dicit quod
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1267 <i>imago est rei ad rem coaequandam indiscreta et unita
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1268 similitudo</i>. Sed non est species indifferens Dei et hominis; nec
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1269 potest esse aequalitas hominis ad Deum. Ergo in homine non potest
53
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parents: 28
diff changeset
1270 esse imago Dei.</p><p title="I q. 93 a. 1 s. c."><a name="32356"><span class="ref">[32356] Iª q. 93 a. 1 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1271 quod dicitur Gen. I, <i>faciamus hominem ad imaginem et
53
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parents: 28
diff changeset
1272 similitudinem nostram</i>.</p><p title="I q. 93 a. 1 co."><a name="32357"><span class="ref">[32357] Iª q. 93 a. 1 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1273 quod, sicut Augustinus dicit in libro octoginta trium quaest.,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1274 <i>ubi est imago, continuo est et similitudo; sed ubi est
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1275 similitudo, non continuo est imago</i>. Ex quo patet quod
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1276 similitudo est de ratione imaginis, et quod imago aliquid addit
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1277 supra rationem similitudinis, scilicet quod sit ex alio expressum,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1278 imago enim dicitur ex eo quod agitur ad imitationem alterius. Unde
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1279 ovum, quantumcumque sit alteri ovo simile et aequale, quia tamen
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1280 non est expressum ex illo, non dicitur imago eius. Aequalitas autem
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1281 non est de ratione imaginis, quia, ut Augustinus ibidem dicit,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1282 <i>ubi est imago, non continuo est aequalitas</i>; ut patet in
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1283 imagine alicuius in speculo relucente. Est tamen de ratione
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1284 perfectae imaginis, nam in perfecta imagine non deest aliquid
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1285 imagini, quod insit illi de quo expressa est. Manifestum est autem
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1286 quod in homine invenitur aliqua Dei similitudo, quae deducitur a
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1287 Deo sicut ab exemplari, non tamen est similitudo secundum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1288 aequalitatem, quia in infinitum excedit exemplar hoc tale
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1289 exemplatum. Et ideo in homine dicitur esse imago Dei, non tamen
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1290 perfecta, sed imperfecta. Et hoc significat Scriptura, cum dicit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1291 hominem factum ad imaginem Dei, praepositio enim ad accessum
53
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diff changeset
1292 quendam significat, qui competit rei distanti.</p><p title="I q. 93 a. 1 ad 1"><a name="32358"><span class="ref">[32358] Iª q. 93 a. 1 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1293 dicendum quod propheta loquitur de corporalibus imaginibus ab
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1294 homine fabricatis, et ideo signanter dicit, <i>quam imaginem
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1295 ponetis ei?</i> Sed Deus ipse sibi in homine posuit spiritualem
53
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diff changeset
1296 imaginem.</p><p title="I q. 93 a. 1 ad 2"><a name="32359"><span class="ref">[32359] Iª q. 93 a. 1 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1297 dicendum quod primogenitus omnis creaturae est imago Dei perfecta,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1298 perfecte implens illud cuius imago est, et ideo dicitur imago, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1299 nunquam ad imaginem. Homo vero et propter similitudinem dicitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1300 imago; et propter imperfectionem similitudinis, dicitur ad
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1301 imaginem. Et quia similitudo perfecta Dei non potest esse nisi in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1302 identitate naturae, imago Dei est in filio suo primogenito sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1303 imago regis in filio sibi connaturali; in homine autem sicut in
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1304 aliena natura, sicut imago regis in nummo argenteo; ut patet per
53
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parents: 28
diff changeset
1305 Augustinum in libro de decem chordis.</p><p title="I q. 93 a. 1 ad 3"><a name="32360"><span class="ref">[32360] Iª q. 93 a. 1 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1306 dicendum quod, cum unum sit ens indivisum, eo modo dicitur species
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1307 indifferens, quo una. Unum autem dicitur aliquid non solum numero
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1308 aut specie aut genere, sed etiam secundum analogiam vel
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1309 proportionem quandam, et sic est unitas vel convenientia creaturae
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1310 ad Deum. Quod autem dicit rei ad rem coaequandam, pertinet ad
53
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diff changeset
1311 rationem perfectae imaginis.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 2</h3><p title="I q. 93 a. 2 arg. 1"><a name="32361"><span class="ref">[32361] Iª q. 93 a. 2 arg. 1</span></a> Ad secundum sic
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1312 proceditur. Videtur quod imago Dei inveniatur in irrationalibus
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1313 creaturis. Dicit enim Dionysius, in libro de Div. Nom., <i>habent
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1314 causata causarum suarum contingentes imagines</i>. Sed Deus est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1315 causa non solum rationalium creaturarum, sed etiam irrationalium.
53
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diff changeset
1316 Ergo imago Dei invenitur in irrationalibus creaturis.</p><p title="I q. 93 a. 2 arg. 2"><a name="32362"><span class="ref">[32362] Iª q. 93 a. 2 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1317 quanto est expressior similitudo in aliquo, tanto magis accedit ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1318 rationem imaginis. Sed Dionysius dicit, IV cap. de Div. Nom., quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1319 radius solaris maxime habet similitudinem divinae bonitatis. Ergo
53
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parents: 28
diff changeset
1320 est ad imaginem Dei.</p><p title="I q. 93 a. 2 arg. 3"><a name="32363"><span class="ref">[32363] Iª q. 93 a. 2 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1321 quanto aliquid est magis perfectum in bonitate, tanto magis est Deo
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1322 simile. Sed totum universum est perfectius in bonitate quam homo,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1323 quia etsi bona sint singula, tamen simul omnia dicuntur valde bona,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1324 Gen. I. Ergo totum universum est ad imaginem Dei, et non solum
53
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parents: 28
diff changeset
1325 homo.</p><p title="I q. 93 a. 2 arg. 4"><a name="32364"><span class="ref">[32364] Iª q. 93 a. 2 arg. 4</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1326 Boetius in libro de Consol., dicit de Deo, <i>mundum mente gerens,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1327 similique in imagine formans</i>. Ergo totus mundus est ad imaginem
53
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parents: 28
diff changeset
1328 Dei, et non solum rationalis creatura.</p><p title="I q. 93 a. 2 s. c."><a name="32365"><span class="ref">[32365] Iª q. 93 a. 2 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1329 quod dicit Augustinus, VI super Gen. ad Litt., <i>hoc excellit in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1330 homine, quia Deus ad imaginem suam hominem fecit, propter hoc quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1331 dedit ei mentem intellectualem, qua praestat pecoribus</i>. Ea ergo
53
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diff changeset
1332 quae non habent intellectum, non sunt ad imaginem Dei.</p><p title="I q. 93 a. 2 co."><a name="32366"><span class="ref">[32366] Iª q. 93 a. 2 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1333 quod non quaelibet similitudo, etiam si sit expressa ex altero,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1334 sufficit ad rationem imaginis. Si enim similitudo sit secundum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1335 genus tantum, vel secundum aliquod accidens commune, non propter
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1336 hoc dicetur aliquid esse ad imaginem alterius, non enim posset dici
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1337 quod vermis qui oritur ex homine, sit imago hominis propter
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1338 similitudinem generis; neque iterum potest dici quod, si aliquid
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1339 fiat album ad similitudinem alterius, quod propter hoc sit ad eius
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1340 imaginem, quia album est accidens commune pluribus speciebus.
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1341 Requiritur autem ad rationem imaginis quod sit similitudo secundum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1342 speciem, sicut imago regis est in filio suo, vel ad minus secundum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1343 aliquod accidens proprium speciei, et praecipue secundum figuram,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1344 sicut hominis imago dicitur esse in cupro. Unde signanter Hilarius
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1345 dicit quod imago est species indifferens. Manifestum est autem quod
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1346 similitudo speciei attenditur secundum ultimam differentiam.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1347 Assimilantur autem aliqua Deo, primo quidem, et maxime communiter,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1348 inquantum sunt; secundo vero, inquantum vivunt; tertio vero,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1349 inquantum sapiunt vel intelligunt. Quae, ut Augustinus dicit in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1350 libro octoginta trium quaest., <i>ita sunt Deo similitudine
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1351 proxima, ut in creaturis nihil sit propinquius</i>. Sic ergo patet
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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diff changeset
1352 quod solae intellectuales creaturae, proprie loquendo, sunt ad
53
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diff changeset
1353 imaginem Dei.</p><p title="I q. 93 a. 2 ad 1"><a name="32367"><span class="ref">[32367] Iª q. 93 a. 2 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1354 dicendum quod omne imperfectum est quaedam participatio perfecti.
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diff changeset
1355 Et ideo etiam ea quae deficiunt a ratione imaginis, inquantum tamen
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1356 aliqualem Dei similitudinem habent, participant aliquid de ratione
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1357 imaginis. Et ideo Dionysius dicit quod causata habent causarum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1358 contingentes imagines, idest quantum contingit ea habere, et non
53
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diff changeset
1359 simpliciter.</p><p title="I q. 93 a. 2 ad 2"><a name="32368"><span class="ref">[32368] Iª q. 93 a. 2 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1360 dicendum quod Dionysius assimilat radium solarem divinae bonitati
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1361 quantum ad causalitatem; non secundum dignitatem naturae, quae
53
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diff changeset
1362 requiritur ad rationem imaginis.</p><p title="I q. 93 a. 2 ad 3"><a name="32369"><span class="ref">[32369] Iª q. 93 a. 2 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1363 dicendum quod universum est perfectius in bonitate quam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1364 intellectualis creatura extensive et diffusive. Sed intensive et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1365 collective similitudo divinae perfectionis magis invenitur in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1366 intellectuali creatura, quae est capax summi boni. Vel dicendum
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1367 quod pars non dividitur contra totum, sed contra aliam partem. Unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1368 cum dicitur quod sola natura intellectualis est ad imaginem Dei,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1369 non excluditur quin universum, secundum aliquam sui partem, sit ad
53
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ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
1370 imaginem Dei; sed excluduntur aliae partes universi.</p><p title="I q. 93 a. 2 ad 4"><a name="32370"><span class="ref">[32370] Iª q. 93 a. 2 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1371 dicendum quod imago accipitur a Boetio secundum rationem
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1372 similitudinis qua artificiatum imitatur speciem artis quae est in
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1373 mente artificis, sic autem quaelibet creatura est imago rationis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1374 exemplaris quam habet in mente divina. Sic autem non loquimur nunc
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1375 de imagine, sed secundum quod attenditur secundum similitudinem in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1376 natura; prout scilicet primo enti assimilantur omnia, inquantum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1377 sunt entia; et primae vitae inquantum sunt viventia; et summae
53
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diff changeset
1378 sapientiae, inquantum sunt intelligentia.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 3</h3><p title="I q. 93 a. 3 arg. 1"><a name="32371"><span class="ref">[32371] Iª q. 93 a. 3 arg. 1</span></a> Ad tertium sic
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1379 proceditur. Videtur quod Angelus non sit magis ad imaginem Dei quam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1380 homo. Dicit enim Augustinus, in sermone de imagine, quod Deus nulli
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1381 alii creaturae dedit quod sit ad imaginem suam, nisi homini. Non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1382 ergo verum est quod Angelus magis dicatur ad imaginem Dei quam
53
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diff changeset
1383 homo.</p><p title="I q. 93 a. 3 arg. 2"><a name="32372"><span class="ref">[32372] Iª q. 93 a. 3 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1384 secundum Augustinum, in libro octoginta trium quaest., <i>homo ita
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1385 est ad imaginem Dei, ut, nulla interposita creatura, formetur a
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1386 Deo. Et ideo nihil est illi coniunctius</i>. Sed imago Dei dicitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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diff changeset
1387 aliqua creatura, inquantum Deo coniungitur. Ergo Angelus non est
53
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diff changeset
1388 magis ad imaginem Dei quam homo.</p><p title="I q. 93 a. 3 arg. 3"><a name="32373"><span class="ref">[32373] Iª q. 93 a. 3 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1389 creatura dicitur ad imaginem Dei, inquantum est intellectualis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1390 naturae. Sed intellectualis natura non intenditur nec remittitur,
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diff changeset
1391 non enim est de genere accidentis, cum sit in genere substantiae.
53
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diff changeset
1392 Ergo Angelus non est magis ad imaginem Dei quam homo.</p><p title="I q. 93 a. 3 s. c."><a name="32374"><span class="ref">[32374] Iª q. 93 a. 3 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1393 quod dicit Gregorius, in quadam homilia, quod <i>Angelus dicitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1394 signaculum similitudinis, quia in eo similitudo divinae imaginis
53
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diff changeset
1395 magis insinuatur expressa</i>.</p><p title="I q. 93 a. 3 co."><a name="32375"><span class="ref">[32375] Iª q. 93 a. 3 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1396 quod de imagine Dei loqui dupliciter possumus. Uno modo, quantum ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1397 id in quo primo consideratur ratio imaginis, quod est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1398 intellectualis natura. Et sic imago Dei est magis in Angelis quam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1399 sit in hominibus, quia intellectualis natura perfectior est in eis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1400 ut ex supra dictis patet. Secundo potest considerari imago Dei in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1401 homine, quantum ad id in quo secundario consideratur, prout
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1402 scilicet in homine invenitur quaedam Dei imitatio, inquantum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1403 scilicet homo est de homine, sicut Deus de Deo; et inquantum anima
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diff changeset
1404 hominis est tota in toto corpore eius, et iterum tota in qualibet
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1405 parte ipsius, sicut Deus se habet ad mundum. Et secundum haec et
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1406 similia, magis invenitur Dei imago in homine quam in Angelo. Sed
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1407 quantum ad hoc non attenditur per se ratio divinae imaginis in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1408 homine, nisi praesupposita prima imitatione, quae est secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1409 intellectualem naturam, alioquin etiam animalia bruta essent ad
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1410 imaginem Dei. Et ideo, cum quantum ad intellectualem naturam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1411 Angelus sit magis ad imaginem Dei quam homo, simpliciter
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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diff changeset
1412 concedendum est Angelum magis esse ad imaginem Dei; hominem autem
53
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diff changeset
1413 secundum quid.</p><p title="I q. 93 a. 3 ad 1"><a name="32376"><span class="ref">[32376] Iª q. 93 a. 3 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28
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diff changeset
1414 dicendum quod Augustinus excludit a Dei imagine alias inferiores
53
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diff changeset
1415 creaturas intellectu carentes, non autem Angelos.</p><p title="I q. 93 a. 3 ad 2"><a name="32377"><span class="ref">[32377] Iª q. 93 a. 3 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1416 dicendum quod, sicut ignis dicitur esse subtilissimum corporum
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diff changeset
1417 secundum suam speciem, cum tamen unus ignis sit alio subtilior; ita
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1418 dicitur quod nihil est coniunctius Deo quam mens humana, secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1419 genus intellectualis naturae; quia, sicut ipse supra praemiserat,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1420 <i>quae sapiunt, ita sunt illi similitudine proxima, ut in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1421 creaturis nihil sit propinquius</i>. Unde per hoc non excluditur
53
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diff changeset
1422 quin Angelus sit magis ad Dei imaginem.</p><p title="I q. 93 a. 3 ad 3"><a name="32378"><span class="ref">[32378] Iª q. 93 a. 3 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
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diff changeset
1423 dicendum quod, cum dicitur quod substantia non recipit magis et
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1424 minus, non intelligitur quod una species substantiae non sit
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1425 perfectior quam alia, sed quod unum et idem individuum non
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1426 participet suam speciem quandoque magis, quandoque minus. Nec etiam
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1427 a diversis individuis participatur species substantiae secundum
53
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diff changeset
1428 magis et minus.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 4</h3><p title="I q. 93 a. 4 arg. 1"><a name="32379"><span class="ref">[32379] Iª q. 93 a. 4 arg. 1</span></a> Ad quartum sic
28
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diff changeset
1429 proceditur. Videtur quod imago Dei non inveniatur in quolibet
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1430 homine. Dicit enim apostolus, I ad Cor. XI, quod <i>vir est imago
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1431 Dei, mulier autem est imago viri</i>. Cum ergo mulier sit
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1432 individuum humanae speciei, non cuilibet individuo convenit esse
53
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diff changeset
1433 imaginem Dei.</p><p title="I q. 93 a. 4 arg. 2"><a name="32380"><span class="ref">[32380] Iª q. 93 a. 4 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1434 apostolus dicit, Rom. VIII, quod <i>illos quos Deus praescivit
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1435 conformes fieri imagini filii sui, hos praedestinavit</i>. Sed non
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diff changeset
1436 omnes homines praedestinati sunt. Ergo non omnes homines habent
53
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diff changeset
1437 conformitatem imaginis.</p><p title="I q. 93 a. 4 arg. 3"><a name="32381"><span class="ref">[32381] Iª q. 93 a. 4 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1438 similitudo est de ratione imaginis, ut supra dictum est. Sed per
53
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diff changeset
1439 peccatum fit homo Deo dissimilis. Ergo amittit Dei imaginem.</p><p title="I q. 93 a. 4 s. c."><a name="32382"><span class="ref">[32382] Iª q. 93 a. 4 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1440 quod dicitur in Psalmo XXXVIII, <i>veruntamen in imagine pertransit
53
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diff changeset
1441 homo</i>.</p><p title="I q. 93 a. 4 co."><a name="32383"><span class="ref">[32383] Iª q. 93 a. 4 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1442 quod, cum homo secundum intellectualem naturam ad imaginem Dei esse
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1443 dicatur, secundum hoc est maxime ad imaginem Dei, secundum quod
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1444 intellectualis natura Deum maxime imitari potest. Imitatur autem
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1445 intellectualis natura maxime Deum quantum ad hoc, quod Deus seipsum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1446 intelligit et amat. Unde imago Dei tripliciter potest considerari
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1447 in homine. Uno quidem modo, secundum quod homo habet aptitudinem
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1448 naturalem ad intelligendum et amandum Deum, et haec aptitudo
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1449 consistit in ipsa natura mentis, quae est communis omnibus
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1450 hominibus. Alio modo, secundum quod homo actu vel habitu Deum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1451 cognoscit et amat, sed tamen imperfecte, et haec est imago per
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1452 conformitatem gratiae. Tertio modo, secundum quod homo Deum actu
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1453 cognoscit et amat perfecte, et sic attenditur imago secundum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1454 similitudinem gloriae. Unde super illud Psalmi IV, <i>signatum est
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1455 super nos lumen vultus tui, domine</i>, Glossa distinguit triplicem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1456 imaginem, scilicet creationis, recreationis et similitudinis. Prima
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1457 ergo imago invenitur in omnibus hominibus; secunda in iustis
53
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diff changeset
1458 tantum; tertia vero solum in beatis.</p><p title="I q. 93 a. 4 ad 1"><a name="32384"><span class="ref">[32384] Iª q. 93 a. 4 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1459 dicendum quod tam in viro quam in muliere invenitur Dei imago
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1460 quantum ad id in quo principaliter ratio imaginis consistit,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1461 scilicet quantum ad intellectualem naturam. Unde Gen. I, cum
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diff changeset
1462 dixisset, <i>ad imaginem Dei creavit illum</i>, scilicet hominem,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1463 subdidit, <i>masculum et feminam creavit eos</i>, et dixit
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1464 pluraliter eos, ut Augustinus dicit, ne intelligatur in uno
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1465 individuo uterque sexus fuisse coniunctus. Sed quantum ad aliquid
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1466 secundario imago Dei invenitur in viro, secundum quod non invenitur
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1467 in muliere, nam vir est principium mulieris et finis, sicut Deus
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1468 est principium et finis totius creaturae. Unde cum apostolus
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1469 dixisset quod <i>vir imago et gloria est Dei, mulier autem est
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1470 gloria viri</i>; ostendit quare hoc dixerit, subdens, <i>non enim
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diff changeset
1471 vir est ex muliere, sed mulier ex viro; et vir non est creatus
53
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diff changeset
1472 propter mulierem, sed mulier propter virum</i>.</p><p title="I q. 93 a. 4 ad 2"><a name="32385"><span class="ref">[32385] Iª q. 93 a. 4 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum et
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1473 tertium dicendum quod illae rationes procedunt de imagine quae est
53
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diff changeset
1474 secundum conformitatem gratiae et gloriae.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 5</h3><p title="I q. 93 a. 5 arg. 1"><a name="32386"><span class="ref">[32386] Iª q. 93 a. 5 arg. 1</span></a> Ad quintum sic
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1475 proceditur. Videtur quod in homine non sit imago Dei quantum ad
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1476 Trinitatem divinarum personarum. Dicit enim Augustinus, in libro de
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1477 fide ad Petrum, <i>una est sanctae Trinitatis essentialiter
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1478 divinitas, et imago ad quam factus est homo</i>. Et Hilarius, in V
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1479 de Trin., dicit quod <i>homo fit ad communem Trinitatis
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1480 imaginem</i>. Est ergo in homine imago Dei quantum ad essentiam, et
53
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diff changeset
1481 non quantum ad Trinitatem personarum.</p><p title="I q. 93 a. 5 arg. 2"><a name="32387"><span class="ref">[32387] Iª q. 93 a. 5 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea, in
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1482 libro de Eccles. Dogmat. dicitur quod imago Dei attenditur in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1483 homine secundum aeternitatem. Damascenus etiam dicit quod
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1484 <i>hominem esse ad imaginem Dei, significat intellectuale, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1485 arbitrio liberum, et per se potestativum</i>. Gregorius etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1486 Nyssenus dicit quod, cum Scriptura dixit hominem factum ad imaginem
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1487 Dei, <i>aequale est ac si diceret humanam naturam omnis boni factam
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1488 esse participem; bonitatis enim plenitudo divinitas est</i>. Haec
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1489 autem omnia non pertinent ad distinctionem personarum, sed magis ad
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1490 essentiae unitatem. Ergo in homine est imago Dei, non secundum
53
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diff changeset
1491 Trinitatem personarum, sed secundum essentiae unitatem.</p><p title="I q. 93 a. 5 arg. 3"><a name="32388"><span class="ref">[32388] Iª q. 93 a. 5 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea, imago
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1492 ducit in cognitionem eius cuius est imago. Si igitur in homine est
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1493 imago Dei secundum Trinitatem personarum, cum homo per naturalem
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1494 rationem seipsum cognoscere possit, sequeretur quod per naturalem
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1495 cognitionem posset homo cognoscere Trinitatem divinarum personarum.
53
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diff changeset
1496 Quod est falsum, ut supra ostensum est.</p><p title="I q. 93 a. 5 arg. 4"><a name="32389"><span class="ref">[32389] Iª q. 93 a. 5 arg. 4</span></a> Praeterea, nomen
28
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diff changeset
1497 imaginis non cuilibet trium personarum convenit, sed soli filio,
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diff changeset
1498 dicit enim Augustinus, in VI de Trin., quod <i>solus filius est
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1499 imago patris</i>. Si igitur in homine attenderetur Dei imago
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diff changeset
1500 secundum personam, non esset in homine imago totius Trinitatis, sed
53
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diff changeset
1501 filii tantum.</p><p title="I q. 93 a. 5 s. c."><a name="32390"><span class="ref">[32390] Iª q. 93 a. 5 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1502 quod Hilarius, in IV de Trin., per hoc quod homo dicitur ad
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diff changeset
1503 imaginem Dei factus, ostendit pluralitatem divinarum
53
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diff changeset
1504 personarum.</p><p title="I q. 93 a. 5 co."><a name="32391"><span class="ref">[32391] Iª q. 93 a. 5 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1505 quod, sicut supra habitum est, distinctio divinarum personarum non
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diff changeset
1506 est nisi secundum originem, vel potius secundum relationes
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1507 originis. Non autem est idem modus originis in omnibus, sed modus
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1508 originis uniuscuiusque est secundum convenientiam suae naturae,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1509 aliter enim producuntur animata, aliter inanimata; aliter animalia,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1510 atque aliter plantae. Unde manifestum est quod distinctio divinarum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1511 personarum est secundum quod divinae naturae convenit. Unde esse ad
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1512 imaginem Dei secundum imitationem divinae naturae, non excludit hoc
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1513 quod est esse ad imaginem Dei secundum repraesentationem trium
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1514 personarum; sed magis unum ad alterum sequitur. Sic igitur dicendum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1515 est in homine esse imaginem Dei et quantum ad naturam divinam, et
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diff changeset
1516 quantum ad Trinitatem personarum, nam et in ipso Deo in tribus
53
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diff changeset
1517 personis una existit natura.</p><p title="I q. 93 a. 5 ad 1"><a name="32392"><span class="ref">[32392] Iª q. 93 a. 5 ad 1</span></a> Et per hoc patet
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
1518 responsio ad duo prima.</p><p title="I q. 93 a. 5 ad 3"><a name="32393"><span class="ref">[32393] Iª q. 93 a. 5 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1519 dicendum quod ratio illa procederet, si imago Dei esset in homine
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1520 perfecte repraesentans Deum. Sed, sicut Augustinus dicit in XV de
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1521 Trin., maxima est differentia huius Trinitatis quae est in nobis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1522 ad Trinitatem divinam. Et ideo, ut ipse ibidem dicit, <i>Trinitatem
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diff changeset
1523 quae in nobis est, videmus potius quam credimus, Deum vero esse
53
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diff changeset
1524 Trinitatem, credimus potius quam videmus</i>.</p><p title="I q. 93 a. 5 ad 4"><a name="32394"><span class="ref">[32394] Iª q. 93 a. 5 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1525 dicendum quod quidam dixerunt in homine esse solum imaginem filii.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1526 Sed hoc improbat Augustinus, in XII de Trin. Primo quidem, per hoc
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1527 quod, cum secundum aequalitatem essentiae filius sit patri similis,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1528 necesse est, si homo sit factus ad similitudinem filii, quod sit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1529 factus ad similitudinem patris. Secundo quia, si homo esset factus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1530 solum ad imaginem filii, non diceret pater, <i>faciamus hominem ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1531 imaginem et similitudinem nostram</i>, sed tuam. Cum ergo dicitur,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1532 ad imaginem Dei fecit illum, non est intelligendum quod pater
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1533 fecerit hominem solum ad imaginem filii, qui est Deus, ut quidam
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1534 exposuerunt, sed intelligendum est quod Deus Trinitas fecit hominem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1535 ad imaginem suam, idest totius Trinitatis. Cum autem dicitur quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1536 Deus fecit hominem ad imaginem suam, dupliciter potest intelligi.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1537 Uno modo, quod haec praepositio ad designet terminum factionis, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1538 sit sensus, faciamus hominem taliter, ut sit in eo imago. Alio
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1539 modo, haec praepositio ad potest designare causam exemplarem; sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1540 cum dicitur, iste liber est factus ad illum. Et sic imago Dei est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1541 ipsa essentia divina, quae abusive imago dicitur, secundum quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1542 imago ponitur pro exemplari. Vel, secundum quod quidam dicunt,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1543 divina essentia dicitur imago, quia secundum eam una persona aliam
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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diff changeset
1544 imitatur.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 6</h3><p title="I q. 93 a. 6 arg. 1"><a name="32395"><span class="ref">[32395] Iª q. 93 a. 6 arg. 1</span></a> Ad sextum sic
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1545 proceditur. Videtur quod imago Dei non sit in homine solum secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1546 mentem. Dicit enim apostolus, I ad Cor. XI, quod vir est imago Dei.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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diff changeset
1547 Sed vir non est solum mens. Ergo imago Dei non attenditur solum
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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diff changeset
1548 secundum mentem.</p><p title="I q. 93 a. 6 arg. 2"><a name="32396"><span class="ref">[32396] Iª q. 93 a. 6 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea, Gen.
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1549 I, <i>creavit Deus hominem ad imaginem suam, ad imaginem Dei
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1550 creavit illum, masculum et feminam creavit eos</i>. Sed distinctio
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1551 masculi et feminae est secundum corpus. Ergo etiam secundum corpus
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
1552 attenditur Dei imago in homine, et non secundum mentem tantum.</p><p title="I q. 93 a. 6 arg. 3"><a name="32397"><span class="ref">[32397] Iª q. 93 a. 6 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea, imago
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1553 praecipue videtur attendi secundum figuram. Sed figura ad corpus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1554 pertinet. Ergo imago Dei attenditur in homine etiam secundum
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
1555 corpus, et non secundum mentem tantum.</p><p title="I q. 93 a. 6 arg. 4"><a name="32398"><span class="ref">[32398] Iª q. 93 a. 6 arg. 4</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1556 secundum Augustinum, XII super Gen. ad Litt., triplex visio
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1557 invenitur in nobis, scilicet corporalis, spiritualis sive
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1558 imaginaria, et intellectualis. Si ergo secundum visionem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1559 intellectualem, quae ad mentem pertinet, est aliqua Trinitas in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1560 nobis, secundum quam sumus ad imaginem Dei; pari ratione et in
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
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diff changeset
1561 aliis visionibus.</p><p title="I q. 93 a. 6 s. c."><a name="32399"><span class="ref">[32399] Iª q. 93 a. 6 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1562 quod apostolus dicit, ad Eph. IV, <i>renovamini spiritu mentis
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1563 vestrae, et induite novum hominem</i>, ex quo datur intelligi quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1564 renovatio nostra, quae fit secundum novi hominis indumentum, ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1565 mentem pertinet. Sed ad Col. III, dicit, <i>induentes novum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1566 hominem, qui renovatur in agnitionem Dei, secundum imaginem eius
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1567 qui creavit eum</i>, ubi renovationem quae est secundum novi
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diff changeset
1568 hominis indumentum, attribuit imagini Dei. Esse ergo ad imaginem
53
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diff changeset
1569 Dei pertinet solum ad mentem.</p><p title="I q. 93 a. 6 co."><a name="32400"><span class="ref">[32400] Iª q. 93 a. 6 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
28
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diff changeset
1570 quod, cum in omnibus creaturis sit aliqualis Dei similitudo, in
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diff changeset
1571 sola creatura rationali invenitur similitudo Dei per modum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1572 imaginis, ut supra dictum est, in aliis autem creaturis per modum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1573 vestigii. Id autem in quo creatura rationalis excedit alias
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diff changeset
1574 creaturas, est intellectus sive mens. Unde relinquitur quod nec in
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diff changeset
1575 ipsa rationali creatura invenitur Dei imago, nisi secundum mentem.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1576 In aliis vero partibus, si quas habet rationalis creatura,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1577 invenitur similitudo vestigii; sicut et in ceteris rebus quibus
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1578 secundum partes huiusmodi assimilatur. Cuius ratio manifeste
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1579 cognosci potest, si attendatur modus quo repraesentat vestigium, et
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1580 quo repraesentat imago. Imago enim repraesentat secundum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1581 similitudinem speciei, ut dictum est. Vestigium autem repraesentat
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1582 per modum effectus qui sic repraesentat suam causam, quod tamen ad
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1583 speciei similitudinem non pertingit, impressiones enim quae ex motu
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diff changeset
1584 animalium relinquuntur, dicuntur vestigia; et similiter cinis
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1585 dicitur vestigium ignis; et desolatio terrae, vestigium hostilis
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1586 exercitus. Potest ergo huiusmodi differentia attendi inter
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1587 creaturas rationales et alias creaturas, et quantum ad hoc quod in
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1588 creaturis repraesentatur similitudo divinae naturae, et quantum ad
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1589 hoc quod in eis repraesentatur similitudo Trinitatis increatae. Nam
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1590 quantum ad similitudinem divinae naturae pertinet, creaturae
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1591 rationales videntur quodammodo ad repraesentationem speciei
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1592 pertingere, inquantum imitantur Deum non solum in hoc quod est et
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diff changeset
1593 vivit, sed etiam in hoc quod intelligit, ut supra dictum est. Aliae
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diff changeset
1594 vero creaturae non intelligunt; sed apparet in eis quoddam
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1595 vestigium intellectus producentis, si earum dispositio
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1596 consideretur. Similiter, cum increata Trinitas distinguatur
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diff changeset
1597 secundum processionem verbi a dicente, et amoris ab utroque, ut
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diff changeset
1598 supra habitum est; in creatura rationali, in qua invenitur
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1599 processio verbi secundum intellectum, et processio amoris secundum
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diff changeset
1600 voluntatem, potest dici imago Trinitatis increatae per quandam
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1601 repraesentationem speciei. In aliis autem creaturis non invenitur
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1602 principium verbi, et verbum, et amor; sed apparet in eis quoddam
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1603 vestigium quod haec inveniantur in causa producente. Nam hoc ipsum
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diff changeset
1604 quod creatura habet substantiam modificatam et finitam, demonstrat
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diff changeset
1605 quod sit a quodam principio; species vero eius demonstrat verbum
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diff changeset
1606 facientis, sicut forma domus demonstrat conceptionem artificis;
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diff changeset
1607 ordo vero demonstrat amorem producentis, quo effectus ordinatur ad
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diff changeset
1608 bonum, sicut usus aedificii demonstrat artificis voluntatem. Sic
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diff changeset
1609 igitur in homine invenitur Dei similitudo per modum imaginis
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diff changeset
1610 secundum mentem; sed secundum alias partes eius, per modum
53
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diff changeset
1611 vestigii.</p><p title="I q. 93 a. 6 ad 1"><a name="32401"><span class="ref">[32401] Iª q. 93 a. 6 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28
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diff changeset
1612 dicendum quod homo dicitur imago Dei, non quia ipse essentialiter
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diff changeset
1613 sit imago, sed quia in eo est Dei imago impressa secundum mentem;
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diff changeset
1614 sicut denarius dicitur imago Caesaris, inquantum habet Caesaris
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diff changeset
1615 imaginem. Unde non oportet quod secundum quamlibet partem hominis
53
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diff changeset
1616 accipiatur Dei imago.</p><p title="I q. 93 a. 6 ad 2"><a name="32402"><span class="ref">[32402] Iª q. 93 a. 6 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
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diff changeset
1617 dicendum quod, sicut Augustinus dicit XII de Trin., quidam imaginem
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diff changeset
1618 Trinitatis in homine posuerunt, non secundum unum individuum, sed
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diff changeset
1619 secundum plura; dicentes quod <i>vir patris personam intimat; filii
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diff changeset
1620 vero personam, quod de viro ita processit ut de illo nasceretur;
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diff changeset
1621 atque ita tertiam personam, velut spiritum sanctum, dicunt esse
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diff changeset
1622 mulierem, quae ita de viro processit ut non ipsa esset filius aut
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diff changeset
1623 filia</i>. Quod prima facie absurdum videtur. Primo quidem, quia
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diff changeset
1624 sequeretur quod spiritus sanctus esset principium filii, sicut
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diff changeset
1625 mulier est principium prolis quae nascitur de viro. Secundo, quia
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diff changeset
1626 unus homo non esset nisi ad imaginem unius personae. Tertio, quia
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diff changeset
1627 secundum hoc Scriptura de imagine Dei in homine mentionem facere
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diff changeset
1628 non debuisset, nisi producta iam prole. Et ideo dicendum est quod
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1629 Scriptura, postquam dixerat, ad imaginem Dei creavit illum,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1630 addidit, masculum et feminam creavit eos, non ut imago Dei secundum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1631 distinctiones sexuum attendatur; sed quia imago Dei utrique sexui
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1632 est communis, cum sit secundum mentem, in qua non est distinctio
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diff changeset
1633 sexuum. Unde apostolus, ad Col. III, postquam dixerat, secundum
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diff changeset
1634 imaginem eius qui creavit illum, subdit, ubi non est masculus et
53
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diff changeset
1635 femina.</p><p title="I q. 93 a. 6 ad 3"><a name="32403"><span class="ref">[32403] Iª q. 93 a. 6 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
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diff changeset
1636 dicendum quod, quamvis imago Dei in homine non accipiatur secundum
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diff changeset
1637 figuram corpoream, tamen <i>corpus hominis, quia solum inter
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1638 terrenorum animalium corpora non pronum in alvum prostratum est,
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diff changeset
1639 sed tale est ut ad contemplandum caelum sit aptius, magis in hoc ad
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diff changeset
1640 imaginem et similitudinem Dei, quam cetera corpora animalium,
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diff changeset
1641 factum iure videri potest</i>; ut Augustinus dicit in libro
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diff changeset
1642 octoginta trium quaest. Quod tamen non est sic intelligendum, quasi
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1643 in corpore hominis sit imago Dei, sed quia ipsa figura humani
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diff changeset
1644 corporis repraesentat imaginem Dei in anima, per modum
53
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diff changeset
1645 vestigii.</p><p title="I q. 93 a. 6 ad 4"><a name="32404"><span class="ref">[32404] Iª q. 93 a. 6 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
28
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diff changeset
1646 dicendum quod tam in visione corporali quam in visione imaginaria
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diff changeset
1647 invenitur quaedam Trinitas, ut Augustinus dicit in libro de Trin.
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diff changeset
1648 In visione enim corporali est quidem primo species exterioris
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diff changeset
1649 corporis; secundo vero ipsa visio, quae fit per impressionem
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diff changeset
1650 cuiusdam similitudinis praedictae speciei in visum; tertio est ibi
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1651 intentio voluntatis applicans visum ad videndum, et eum in re visa
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1652 detinens. Similiter etiam in visione imaginaria invenitur primo
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diff changeset
1653 quidem species in memoria reservata; secundo ipsa imaginaria visio,
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diff changeset
1654 quae provenit ex hoc quod acies animae, idest ipsa vis imaginaria,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1655 informatur secundum praedictam speciem; tertio vero invenitur
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1656 intentio voluntatis coniungens utrumque. Sed utraque Trinitas
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1657 deficit a ratione divinae imaginis. Nam ipsa species exterioris
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1658 corporis est extra naturam animae, species autem quae est in
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diff changeset
1659 memoria, etsi non sit extra animam, est tamen adventitia animae, et
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1660 ita utrobique deficit repraesentatio connaturalitatis et
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1661 coaeternitatis divinarum personarum. Visio vero corporalis non
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1662 procedit tantum a specie exterioris corporis, sed simul cum hoc a
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1663 sensu videntis, et similiter visio imaginaria non solum procedit a
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1664 specie quae in memoria conservatur, sed etiam a virtute
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1665 imaginativa, et ita per hoc non repraesentatur convenienter
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1666 processio filii a solo patre. Intentio vero voluntatis, quae
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diff changeset
1667 coniungit duo praedicta, non ex eis procedit, neque in visione
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diff changeset
1668 corporea neque in spirituali, unde non convenienter repraesentatur
53
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diff changeset
1669 processio spiritus sancti a patre et filio.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 7</h3><p title="I q. 93 a. 7 arg. 1"><a name="32405"><span class="ref">[32405] Iª q. 93 a. 7 arg. 1</span></a> Ad septimum sic
28
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diff changeset
1670 proceditur. Videtur quod imago Dei non inveniatur in anima secundum
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diff changeset
1671 actus. Dicit enim Augustinus, XI de Civ. Dei, quod homo factus est
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1672 ad imaginem Dei, secundum quod <i>sumus, et nos esse novimus, et id
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1673 esse ac nosse diligimus</i>. Sed esse non significat actum. Ergo
53
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diff changeset
1674 imago Dei non attenditur in anima secundum actus.</p><p title="I q. 93 a. 7 arg. 2"><a name="32406"><span class="ref">[32406] Iª q. 93 a. 7 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1675 Augustinus, in IX de Trin., assignat imaginem Dei in anima secundum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1676 haec tria, quae sunt mens, notitia et amor. Mens autem non
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1677 significat actum; sed magis potentiam, vel etiam essentiam
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1678 intellectivae animae. Ergo imago Dei non attenditur secundum
53
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diff changeset
1679 actus.</p><p title="I q. 93 a. 7 arg. 3"><a name="32407"><span class="ref">[32407] Iª q. 93 a. 7 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1680 Augustinus, X de Trin., assignat imaginem Trinitatis in anima
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1681 secundum memoriam, intelligentiam et voluntatem. Sed haec tria sunt
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1682 vires naturales animae, ut Magister dicit, III distinctione I libri
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1683 Sent. Ergo imago attenditur secundum potentias, et non secundum
53
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diff changeset
1684 actus.</p><p title="I q. 93 a. 7 arg. 4"><a name="32408"><span class="ref">[32408] Iª q. 93 a. 7 arg. 4</span></a> Praeterea, imago
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1685 Trinitatis semper manet in anima. Sed actus non semper manet. Ergo
53
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diff changeset
1686 imago Dei non attenditur in anima secundum actus.</p><p title="I q. 93 a. 7 s. c."><a name="32409"><span class="ref">[32409] Iª q. 93 a. 7 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1687 quod Augustinus, XI de Trin., assignat Trinitatem in inferioribus
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1688 animae partibus secundum actualem visionem sensibilem et
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1689 imaginariam. Ergo et Trinitas quae est in mente, secundum quam homo
53
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parents: 28
diff changeset
1690 est ad imaginem Dei, debet attendi secundum actualem visionem.</p><p title="I q. 93 a. 7 co."><a name="32410"><span class="ref">[32410] Iª q. 93 a. 7 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1691 quod, sicut supra dictum est, ad rationem imaginis pertinet
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1692 aliqualis repraesentatio speciei. Si ergo imago Trinitatis divinae
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1693 debet accipi in anima, oportet quod secundum illud principaliter
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1694 attendatur, quod maxime accedit, prout possibile est, ad
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1695 repraesentandum speciem divinarum personarum. Divinae autem
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1696 personae distinguuntur secundum processionem verbi a dicente, et
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1697 amoris connectentis utrumque. Verbum autem in anima nostra sine
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1698 actuali cogitatione esse non potest, ut Augustinus dicit XIV de
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1699 Trin. Et ideo primo et principaliter attenditur imago Trinitatis in
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1700 mente secundum actus, prout scilicet ex notitia quam habemus,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1701 cogitando interius verbum formamus, et ex hoc in amorem
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1702 prorumpimus. Sed quia principia actuum sunt habitus et potentiae;
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1703 unumquodque autem virtualiter est in suo principio, secundario, et
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1704 quasi ex consequenti, imago Trinitatis potest attendi in anima
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1705 secundum potentias, et praecipue secundum habitus, prout in eis
53
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diff changeset
1706 scilicet actus virtualiter existunt.</p><p title="I q. 93 a. 7 ad 1"><a name="32411"><span class="ref">[32411] Iª q. 93 a. 7 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1707 dicendum quod esse nostrum ad imaginem Dei pertinet, quod est nobis
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1708 proprium supra alia animalia; quod quidem esse competit nobis
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1709 inquantum mentem habemus. Et ideo eadem est haec Trinitas cum illa
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1710 quam Augustinus ponit in IX de Trin., quae consistit in mente,
53
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diff changeset
1711 notitia et amore.</p><p title="I q. 93 a. 7 ad 2"><a name="32412"><span class="ref">[32412] Iª q. 93 a. 7 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1712 dicendum quod Augustinus hanc Trinitatem primo adinvenit in mente.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1713 Sed quia mens, etsi se totam quodammodo cognoscat, etiam quodammodo
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1714 se ignorat, prout scilicet est ab aliis distincta; et sic etiam se
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1715 quaerit, ut Augustinus consequenter probat in X de Trin., ideo,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1716 quasi notitia non totaliter menti coaequetur, accipit in anima tria
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1717 quaedam propria mentis, scilicet memoriam, intelligentiam et
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1718 voluntatem, quae nullus ignorat se habere, et in istis tribus
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1719 potius imaginem Trinitatis assignat, quasi prima assignatio sit
53
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diff changeset
1720 quodammodo deficiens.</p><p title="I q. 93 a. 7 ad 3"><a name="32413"><span class="ref">[32413] Iª q. 93 a. 7 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1721 dicendum quod, sicut Augustinus probat XIV de Trin., intelligere
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1722 dicimur et velle seu amare aliqua, et quando de his cogitamus, et
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1723 quando de his non cogitamus. Sed quando sine cogitatione sunt, ad
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diff changeset
1724 solam memoriam pertinent; quae nihil est aliud, secundum ipsum,
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diff changeset
1725 quam habitualis retentio notitiae et amoris. Sed quia, ut ipse
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1726 dicit, <i>verbum ibi esse sine cogitatione non potest (cogitamus
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1727 enim omne quod dicimus etiam illo interiori verbo quod ad nullius
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1728 gentis pertinet linguam), in tribus potius illis imago ista
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1729 cognoscitur, memoria scilicet, intelligentia et voluntate. Hanc
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1730 autem nunc dico intelligentiam, qua intelligimus cogitantes; et eam
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1731 voluntatem sive amorem vel dilectionem, quae istam prolem
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1732 parentemque coniungit</i>. Ex quo patet quod imaginem divinae
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1733 Trinitatis potius ponit in intelligentia et voluntate actuali, quam
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1734 secundum quod sunt in habituali retentione memoriae, licet etiam
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1735 quantum ad hoc, aliquo modo sit imago Trinitatis in anima, ut
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1736 ibidem dicitur. Et sic patet quod memoria, intelligentia et
53
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diff changeset
1737 voluntas non sunt tres vires, ut in sententiis dicitur.</p><p title="I q. 93 a. 7 ad 4"><a name="32414"><span class="ref">[32414] Iª q. 93 a. 7 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1738 dicendum quod aliquis respondere posset per hoc quod Augustinus
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1739 dicit XIV de Trin., quod <i>mens semper sui meminit, semper se
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1740 intelligit et amat</i>. Quod quidam sic intelligunt, quasi animae
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1741 adsit actualis intelligentia et amor sui ipsius. Sed hunc
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1742 intellectum excludit per hoc quod subdit, quod <i>non semper se
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1743 cogitat discretam ab his quae non sunt quod ipsa</i>. Et sic patet
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1744 quod anima semper intelligit et amat se, non actualiter, sed
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1745 habitualiter. Quamvis etiam dici possit quod, percipiendo actum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1746 suum, seipsam intelligit quandocumque aliquid intelligit. Sed quia
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1747 non semper est actu intelligens, ut patet in dormiente, ideo
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1748 oportet dicere quod actus, etsi non semper maneant in seipsis,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1749 manent tamen semper in suis principiis, scilicet potentiis et
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1750 habitibus. Unde Augustinus dicit, XIV de Trin., <i>si secundum hoc
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1751 facta est ad imaginem Dei anima rationalis, quod uti ratione atque
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1752 intellectu ad intelligendum et conspiciendum Deum potest, ab initio
53
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diff changeset
1753 quo esse coepit, fuit in ea Dei imago</i>.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 8</h3><p title="I q. 93 a. 8 arg. 1"><a name="32415"><span class="ref">[32415] Iª q. 93 a. 8 arg. 1</span></a> Ad octavum sic
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1754 proceditur. Videtur quod imago divinae Trinitatis sit in anima non
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1755 solum per comparationem ad obiectum quod est Deus. Imago enim
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1756 divinae Trinitatis invenitur in anima, sicut dictum est, secundum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1757 quod verbum in nobis procedit a dicente et amor ab utroque. Sed hoc
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1758 invenitur in nobis secundum quodcumque obiectum. Ergo secundum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1759 quodcumque obiectum invenitur in mente nostra imago divinae
53
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parents: 28
diff changeset
1760 Trinitatis.</p><p title="I q. 93 a. 8 arg. 2"><a name="32416"><span class="ref">[32416] Iª q. 93 a. 8 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1761 Augustinus dicit, in XII de Trin., quod <i>cum quaerimus in anima
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1762 Trinitatem, in tota quaerimus, non separantes actionem rationalem
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1763 in temporalibus a contemplatione aeternorum</i>. Ergo etiam
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1764 secundum temporalia obiecta invenitur imago Trinitatis in
53
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diff changeset
1765 anima.</p><p title="I q. 93 a. 8 arg. 3"><a name="32417"><span class="ref">[32417] Iª q. 93 a. 8 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea, quod
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1766 Deum intelligamus et amemus, convenit nobis secundum gratiae donum.
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1767 Si igitur secundum memoriam, intelligentiam et voluntatem seu
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1768 dilectionem Dei, attendatur imago Trinitatis in anima, non erit
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1769 imago Dei in homine secundum naturam, sed secundum gratiam. Et sic
53
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parents: 28
diff changeset
1770 non erit omnibus communis.</p><p title="I q. 93 a. 8 arg. 4"><a name="32418"><span class="ref">[32418] Iª q. 93 a. 8 arg. 4</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1771 sancti qui sunt in patria, maxime conformantur imagini Dei secundum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1772 gloriae visionem, unde dicitur, II ad Cor. III, <i>in eandem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1773 imaginem transformamur, a claritate in claritatem</i>. Sed secundum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1774 visionem gloriae temporalia cognoscuntur. Ergo etiam per
53
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parents: 28
diff changeset
1775 comparationem ad temporalia, Dei imago attenditur in nobis.</p><p title="I q. 93 a. 8 s. c."><a name="32419"><span class="ref">[32419] Iª q. 93 a. 8 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1776 quod Augustinus dicit, XIV de Trin., quod <i>non propterea est Dei
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1777 imago in mente, quia sui meminit, et intelligit et diligit se, sed
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1778 quia potest etiam meminisse, intelligere et amare Deum, a quo facta
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1779 est</i>. Multo igitur minus secundum alia obiecta attenditur imago
53
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diff changeset
1780 Dei in mente.</p><p title="I q. 93 a. 8 co."><a name="32420"><span class="ref">[32420] Iª q. 93 a. 8 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1781 quod, sicut supra dictum est, imago importat similitudinem utcumque
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1782 pertingentem ad speciei repraesentationem. Unde oportet quod imago
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1783 divinae Trinitatis attendatur in anima secundum aliquid quod
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1784 repraesentat divinas personas repraesentatione speciei, sicut est
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1785 possibile creaturae. Distinguuntur autem divinae personae, ut
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1786 dictum est, secundum processionem verbi a dicente, et amoris ab
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1787 utroque. Verbum autem Dei nascitur de Deo secundum notitiam sui
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1788 ipsius, et amor procedit a Deo secundum quod seipsum amat.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1789 Manifestum est autem quod diversitas obiectorum diversificat
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1790 speciem verbi et amoris, non enim idem est specie in corde hominis
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1791 verbum conceptum de lapide et de equo, nec idem specie amor.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1792 Attenditur igitur divina imago in homine secundum verbum conceptum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1793 de Dei notitia, et amorem exinde derivatum. Et sic imago Dei
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1794 attenditur in anima secundum quod fertur, vel nata est ferri in
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1795 Deum. Fertur autem in aliquid mens dupliciter, uno modo, directe et
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1796 immediate; alio modo, indirecte et mediate, sicut cum aliquis,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1797 videndo imaginem hominis in speculo, dicitur ferri in ipsum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1798 hominem. Et ideo Augustinus dicit, in XIV de Trin., quod <i>mens
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1799 meminit sui, intelligit se, et diligit se, hoc si cernimus,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1800 cernimus Trinitatem; nondum quidem Deum, sed iam imaginem Dei</i>.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1801 Sed hoc est, non quia fertur mens in seipsam absolute, sed prout
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1802 per hoc ulterius potest ferri in Deum; ut patet per auctoritatem
53
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diff changeset
1803 supra inductam.</p><p title="I q. 93 a. 8 ad 1"><a name="32421"><span class="ref">[32421] Iª q. 93 a. 8 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1804 dicendum quod ad rationem imaginis, non solum oportet attendere
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1805 quod aliquid procedat ab aliquo; sed etiam quid a quo procedat,
53
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diff changeset
1806 scilicet quod verbum Dei procedit a notitia de Deo.</p><p title="I q. 93 a. 8 ad 2"><a name="32422"><span class="ref">[32422] Iª q. 93 a. 8 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
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diff changeset
1807 dicendum quod in tota quidem anima invenitur aliqua Trinitas, non
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1808 quidem ita quod praeter actionem temporalium et contemplationem
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1809 aeternorum, <i>quaeratur aliquod tertium quo Trinitas
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1810 impleatur</i>, prout ibidem subditur. Sed in illa parte rationis
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1811 quae derivatur a parte temporalium, etsi <i>Trinitas inveniri
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1812 possit, non tamen imago Dei potest inveniri</i>, ut postea dicitur,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1813 quia huiusmodi temporalium notitia adventitia est animae. Et
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1814 habitus etiam ipsi quibus temporalia cognoscuntur, non semper
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1815 adsunt; sed quandoque quidem praesentialiter adsunt, quandoque
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1816 autem secundum memoriam tantum, etiam postquam adesse incipiunt.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1817 Sicut patet de fide, quae temporaliter nobis advenit in praesenti,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1818 in statu autem futurae beatitudinis iam non erit fides, sed memoria
53
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diff changeset
1819 fidei.</p><p title="I q. 93 a. 8 ad 3"><a name="32423"><span class="ref">[32423] Iª q. 93 a. 8 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1820 dicendum quod meritoria Dei cognitio et dilectio non est nisi per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1821 gratiam. Est tamen aliqua Dei cognitio et dilectio naturalis, ut
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1822 supra habitum est. Et hoc etiam ipsum naturale est, quod mens ad
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1823 intelligendum Deum ratione uti potest, secundum quod imaginem Dei
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1824 semper diximus permanere in mente, sive haec imago Dei ita sit
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1825 obsoleta, quasi obumbrata, ut pene nulla sit, ut in his qui non
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1826 habent usum rationis; sive sit obscura atque deformis, ut in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1827 peccatoribus; sive sit clara et pulchra, ut in iustis, sicut
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
1828 Augustinus dicit, XIV de Trin.</p><p title="I q. 93 a. 8 ad 4"><a name="32424"><span class="ref">[32424] Iª q. 93 a. 8 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1829 dicendum quod secundum visionem gloriae, temporalia videbuntur in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1830 ipso Deo; et ideo huiusmodi temporalium visio ad Dei imaginem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1831 pertinebit. Et hoc est quod Augustinus dicit, XIV de Trin., quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1832 <i>in illa natura cui mens feliciter adhaerebit, immutabile videbit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1833 omne quod viderit</i>. Nam et in ipso verbo increato sunt rationes
53
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diff changeset
1834 omnium creaturarum.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 9</h3><p title="I q. 93 a. 9 arg. 1"><a name="32425"><span class="ref">[32425] Iª q. 93 a. 9 arg. 1</span></a> Ad nonum sic
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1835 proceditur. Videtur quod similitudo ab imagine non convenienter
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1836 distinguatur. Genus enim non convenienter distinguitur a specie.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1837 Sed similitudo comparatur ad imaginem, ut genus ad speciem, quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1838 <i>ubi est imago, ibi est continuo similitudo, sed non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1839 convertitur</i>, ut dicitur in libro octoginta trium quaest. Ergo
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
1840 inconvenienter similitudo ab imagine distinguitur.</p><p title="I q. 93 a. 9 arg. 2"><a name="32426"><span class="ref">[32426] Iª q. 93 a. 9 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea, ratio
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1841 imaginis attenditur non solum secundum repraesentationem divinarum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1842 personarum, sed etiam secundum repraesentationem divinae essentiae,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1843 ad quam repraesentationem pertinet immortalitas et indivisibilitas.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1844 Non ergo convenienter dicitur quod <i>similitudo est in essentia,
53
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parents: 28
diff changeset
1845 quia est immortalis et indivisibilis; imago autem in aliis</i>.</p><p title="I q. 93 a. 9 arg. 3"><a name="32427"><span class="ref">[32427] Iª q. 93 a. 9 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea, imago
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1846 Dei in homine est triplex, scilicet naturae, gratiae et gloriae, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1847 supra habitum est. Sed innocentia et iustitia ad gratiam pertinent.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1848 Inconvenienter ergo dicitur quod <i>imago accipitur secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1849 memoriam, intelligentiam et voluntatem; similitudo autem secundum
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
1850 innocentiam et iustitiam</i>.</p><p title="I q. 93 a. 9 arg. 4"><a name="32428"><span class="ref">[32428] Iª q. 93 a. 9 arg. 4</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1851 cognitio veritatis ad intelligentiam pertinet, amor autem virtutis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1852 ad voluntatem, quae sunt duae partes imaginis. Non ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1853 convenienter dicitur quod <i>imago sit in cognitione veritatis,
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
1854 similitudo in dilectione virtutis</i>.</p><p title="I q. 93 a. 9 s. c."><a name="32429"><span class="ref">[32429] Iª q. 93 a. 9 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1855 quod Augustinus dicit, in libro octoginta trium quaest., <i>sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1856 qui non frustra intelligunt duo dicta esse ad imaginem et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1857 similitudinem; cum, si una res esset, unum nomen sufficere
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
1858 potuisset</i>.</p><p title="I q. 93 a. 9 co."><a name="32430"><span class="ref">[32430] Iª q. 93 a. 9 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1859 quod similitudo quaedam unitas est, unum enim in qualitate
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1860 similitudinem causat, ut dicitur in V Metaphys. Unum autem, cum sit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1861 de transcendentibus, et commune est omnibus, et ad singula potest
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1862 aptari; sicut et bonum et verum. Unde, sicut bonum alicui rei
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1863 particulari potest comparari ut praeambulum ad ipsam, et ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1864 subsequens, prout designat aliquam perfectionem ipsius; ita etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1865 est de comparatione similitudinis ad imaginem. Est enim bonum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1866 praeambulum ad hominem, secundum quod homo est quoddam particulare
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1867 bonum, et rursus bonum subsequitur ad hominem, inquantum aliquem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1868 hominem specialiter dicimus esse bonum, propter perfectionem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1869 virtutis. Et similiter similitudo consideratur ut praeambulum ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1870 imaginem, inquantum est communius quam imago, ut supra dictum est,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1871 consideratur etiam ut subsequens ad imaginem, inquantum significat
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1872 quandam imaginis perfectionem; dicimus enim imaginem alicuius esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1873 similem vel non similem ei cuius est imago, inquantum perfecte vel
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1874 imperfecte repraesentat ipsum. Sic ergo similitudo potest ab
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1875 imagine distingui dupliciter. Uno modo, prout est praeambula ad
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1876 ipsam, et in pluribus existens. Et sic similitudo attenditur
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diff changeset
1877 secundum ea quae sunt communiora proprietatibus naturae
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diff changeset
1878 intellectualis, secundum quas proprie attenditur imago. Et secundum
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diff changeset
1879 hoc dicitur in libro octoginta trium quaest., quod spiritus, idest
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diff changeset
1880 mens, ad imaginem Dei, nullo dubitante, factus est, cetera autem
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diff changeset
1881 hominis, scilicet quae pertinent ad inferiores partes animae, vel
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1882 etiam ad ipsum corpus, ad similitudinem facta esse aliqui volunt.
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1883 Secundum hoc etiam in libro de quantitate animae dicitur quod
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diff changeset
1884 similitudo Dei attenditur in anima, inquantum est incorruptibilis,
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diff changeset
1885 nam corruptibile et incorruptibile sunt differentiae entis
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1886 communis. Alio modo potest considerari similitudo, secundum quod
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diff changeset
1887 significat imaginis expressionem et perfectionem. Et secundum hoc
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diff changeset
1888 Damascenus dicit quod <i>id quod est secundum imaginem,
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1889 intellectuale significat, et arbitrio liberum per se potestativum,
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1890 quod autem secundum similitudinem, virtutis, secundum quod homini
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1891 possibile est inesse, similitudinem</i>. Et ad idem refertur quod
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1892 similitudo dicitur ad dilectionem virtutis pertinere, non enim est
53
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1893 virtus sine dilectione virtutis.</p><p title="I q. 93 a. 9 ad 1"><a name="32431"><span class="ref">[32431] Iª q. 93 a. 9 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28
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1894 dicendum quod similitudo non distinguitur ab imagine secundum
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1895 communem rationem similitudinis (sic enim includitur in ratione
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1896 ipsius imaginis), sed secundum quod aliqua similitudo deficit a
53
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1897 ratione imaginis, vel etiam est imaginis perfectiva.</p><p title="I q. 93 a. 9 ad 2"><a name="32432"><span class="ref">[32432] Iª q. 93 a. 9 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
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1898 dicendum quod essentia animae pertinet ad imaginem, prout
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1899 repraesentat divinam essentiam secundum ea quae sunt propria
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1900 intellectualis naturae, non autem secundum conditiones consequentes
53
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1901 ens in communi, ut est esse simplicem et indissolubilem.</p><p title="I q. 93 a. 9 ad 3"><a name="32433"><span class="ref">[32433] Iª q. 93 a. 9 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
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1902 dicendum quod etiam virtutes quaedam naturaliter insunt animae, ad
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1903 minus secundum quaedam earum semina, et secundum has posset attendi
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1904 similitudo naturalis. Quamvis non sit inconveniens ut id quod
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1905 secundum assignationem unam dicitur imago, secundum aliam dicatur
53
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1906 similitudo.</p><p title="I q. 93 a. 9 ad 4"><a name="32434"><span class="ref">[32434] Iª q. 93 a. 9 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
28
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1907 dicendum quod dilectio verbi, quod est amata notitia, pertinet ad
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1908 rationem imaginis, sed dilectio virtutis pertinet ad similitudinem,
59
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1909 sicut et virtus.</p></div></div><div id="q94" class="q"><h2>Quaestio 94</h2><div class="p"><h3>Prooemium</h3><p title="I q. 94 pr."><a name="32435"><span class="ref">[32435]
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1910 Iª q. 94 pr.</span></a> Deinde considerandum est de statu vel
28
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1911 conditione primi hominis. Et primo, quantum ad animam; secundo,
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1912 quantum ad corpus. Circa primum consideranda sunt duo, primo, de
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1913 conditione hominis quantum ad intellectum; secundo, de conditione
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1914 hominis quantum ad voluntatem. Circa primum quaeruntur quatuor.
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1915 Primo, utrum primus homo viderit Deum per essentiam. Secundo, utrum
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1916 videre potuerit substantias separatas, idest Angelos. Tertio, utrum
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1917 habuerit omnium scientiam. Quarto, utrum potuerit errare vel
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1918 decipi.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 1</h3><p title="I q. 94 a. 1 arg. 1"><a name="32436"><span class="ref">[32436] Iª q. 94 a. 1 arg. 1</span></a> Ad primum sic
28
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1919 proceditur. Videtur quod primus homo per essentiam Deum viderit.
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1920 Beatitudo enim hominis in visione divinae essentiae consistit. Sed
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1921 primus homo, in Paradiso conversans, beatam et omnium divitem
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1922 habuit vitam, ut Damascenus dicit in II libro. Et Augustinus dicit,
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1923 in XIV de Civ. Dei, <i>si homines habebant affectus suos quales
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1924 nunc habemus, quomodo erant beati in illo inenarrabilis
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1925 beatitudinis loco, idest Paradiso?</i> Ergo primus homo in Paradiso
53
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1926 vidit Deum per essentiam.</p><p title="I q. 94 a. 1 arg. 2"><a name="32437"><span class="ref">[32437] Iª q. 94 a. 1 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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1927 Augustinus dicit, XIV de Civ. Dei, quod <i>primo homini non aberat
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1928 quidquam quod bona voluntas adipisceretur</i>. Sed nihil melius
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1929 bona voluntas adipisci potest quam divinae essentiae visionem. Ergo
53
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1930 homo per essentiam Deum videbat.</p><p title="I q. 94 a. 1 arg. 3"><a name="32438"><span class="ref">[32438] Iª q. 94 a. 1 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea, visio
28
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1931 Dei per essentiam est qua videtur Deus sine medio et sine
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1932 aenigmate. Sed homo in statu innocentiae vidit Deum sine medio; ut
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1933 Magister dicit in I distinctione IV libri Sent. Vidit etiam sine
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1934 aenigmate, quia aenigma obscuritatem importat, ut Augustinus dicit,
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1935 XV de Trin.; obscuritas autem introducta est per peccatum. Ergo
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1936 homo in primo statu vidit Deum per essentiam.</p><p title="I q. 94 a. 1 s. c."><a name="32439"><span class="ref">[32439] Iª q. 94 a. 1 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28
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1937 quod apostolus dicit, I ad Cor. XV, quod <i>non prius quod
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1938 spirituale est, sed quod animale</i>. Sed maxime spirituale est
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1939 videre Deum per essentiam. Ergo primus homo, in primo statu
53
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1940 animalis vitae, Deum per essentiam non vidit.</p><p title="I q. 94 a. 1 co."><a name="32440"><span class="ref">[32440] Iª q. 94 a. 1 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
28
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1941 quod primus homo Deum per essentiam non vidit, secundum communem
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1942 statum illius vitae; nisi forte dicatur quod viderit eum in raptu,
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1943 quando Deus immisit soporem in Adam, ut dicitur Gen. II. Et huius
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1944 ratio est quia, cum divina essentia sit ipsa beatitudo, hoc modo se
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1945 habet intellectus videntis divinam essentiam ad Deum, sicut se
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1946 habet quilibet homo ad beatitudinem. Manifestum est autem quod
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1947 nullus homo potest per voluntatem a beatitudine averti, naturaliter
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1948 enim, et ex necessitate, homo vult beatitudinem, et fugit miseriam.
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1949 Unde nullus videns Deum per essentiam, potest voluntate averti a
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1950 Deo, quod est peccare. Et propter hoc, omnes videntes Deum per
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1951 essentiam, sic in amore Dei stabiliuntur, quod in aeternum peccare
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1952 non possunt. Cum ergo Adam peccaverit, manifestum est quod Deum per
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1953 essentiam non videbat. Cognoscebat tamen Deum quadam altiori
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1954 cognitione quam nos cognoscamus, et sic quodammodo eius cognitio
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1955 media erat inter cognitionem praesentis status, et cognitionem
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1956 patriae, qua Deus per essentiam videtur. Ad cuius evidentiam,
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1957 considerandum est quod visio Dei per essentiam dividitur contra
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1958 visionem Dei per creaturam. Quanto autem aliqua creatura est altior
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1959 et Deo similior, tanto per eam Deus clarius videtur, sicut homo
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1960 perfectius videtur per speculum in quo expressius imago eius
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1961 resultat. Et sic patet quod multo eminentius videtur Deus per
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1962 intelligibiles effectus, quam per sensibiles et corporeos. A
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1963 consideratione autem plena et lucida intelligibilium effectuum
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1964 impeditur homo in statu praesenti, per hoc quod distrahitur a
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1965 sensibilibus, et circa ea occupatur. Sed, sicut dicitur Eccle. VII,
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1966 Deus fecit hominem rectum. Haec autem fuit rectitudo hominis
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1967 divinitus instituti, ut inferiora superioribus subderentur, et
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1968 superiora ab inferioribus non impedirentur. Unde homo primus non
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1969 impediebatur per res exteriores a clara et firma contemplatione
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1970 intelligibilium effectuum, quos ex irradiatione primae veritatis
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1971 percipiebat, sive naturali cognitione sive gratuita. Unde dicit
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1972 Augustinus, in XI super Gen. ad Litt., quod <i>fortassis Deus
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1973 primis hominibus antea loquebatur, sicut cum Angelis loquitur, ipsa
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1974 incommutabili veritate illustrans mentes eorum; etsi non tanta
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1975 participatione divinae essentiae, quantam capiunt Angeli</i>. Sic
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1976 igitur per huiusmodi intelligibiles effectus Dei, Deum clarius
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1977 cognoscebat quam modo cognoscamus.</p><p title="I q. 94 a. 1 ad 1"><a name="32441"><span class="ref">[32441] Iª q. 94 a. 1 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
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1978 dicendum quod homo in Paradiso beatus fuit, non illa perfecta
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1979 beatitudine in quam transferendus erat, quae in divinae essentiae
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1980 visione consistit, habebat tamen beatam vitam secundum quendam
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1981 modum, ut Augustinus dicit XI super Gen. ad Litt., inquantum
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1982 habebat integritatem et perfectionem quandam naturalem.</p><p title="I q. 94 a. 1 ad 2"><a name="32442"><span class="ref">[32442] Iª q. 94 a. 1 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
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1983 dicendum quod bona voluntas est ordinata voluntas. Non autem
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1984 fuisset primi hominis ordinata voluntas, si in statu meriti habere
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1985 voluisset quod ei promittebatur pro praemio.</p><p title="I q. 94 a. 1 ad 3"><a name="32443"><span class="ref">[32443] Iª q. 94 a. 1 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
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1986 dicendum quod duplex est medium. Quoddam, in quo simul videtur quod
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1987 per medium videri dicitur; sicut cum homo videtur per speculum, et
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1988 simul videtur cum ipso speculo. Aliud medium est, per cuius
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1989 notitiam in aliquid ignotum devenimus; sicut est medium
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1990 demonstrationis. Et sine tali medio Deus videbatur, non tamen sine
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1991 primo medio. Non enim oportebat primum hominem pervenire in Dei
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1992 cognitionem per demonstrationem sumptam ab aliquo effectu, sicut
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1993 nobis est necessarium; sed simul in effectibus, praecipue
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1994 intelligibilibus, suo modo Deum cognoscebat. Similiter etiam est
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1995 considerandum quod obscuritas quae importatur in nomine aenigmatis,
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1996 dupliciter potest accipi. Uno modo, secundum quod quaelibet
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1997 creatura est quoddam obscurum, si comparetur ad immensitatem
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1998 divinae claritatis, et sic Adam videbat Deum in aenigmate, quia
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1999 videbat Deum per effectum creatum. Alio modo potest accipi
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2000 obscuritas quae consecuta est ex peccato, prout scilicet impeditur
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2001 homo a consideratione intelligibilium per sensibilium occupationem,
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2002 et secundum hoc, non vidit Deum in aenigmate.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 2</h3><p title="I q. 94 a. 2 arg. 1"><a name="32444"><span class="ref">[32444] Iª q. 94 a. 2 arg. 1</span></a> Ad secundum sic
28
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2003 proceditur. Videtur quod Adam in statu innocentiae Angelos per
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diff changeset
2004 essentiam viderit. Dicit enim Gregorius, in IV Dialog., <i>in
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2005 Paradiso quippe assueverat homo verbis Dei perfrui, beatorum
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2006 Angelorum spiritibus cordis munditia et celsitudine visionis
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2007 interesse</i>.</p><p title="I q. 94 a. 2 arg. 2"><a name="32445"><span class="ref">[32445] Iª q. 94 a. 2 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea, anima
28
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2008 in statu praesenti impeditur a cognitione substantiarum
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2009 separatarum, ex hoc quod est unita corpori corruptibili, quod
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2010 aggravat animam, ut dicitur Sap. IX. Unde et anima separata
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2011 substantias separatas videre potest, ut supra dictum est. Sed anima
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2012 primi hominis non aggravabatur a corpore, cum non esset
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2013 corruptibile. Ergo poterat videre substantias separatas.</p><p title="I q. 94 a. 2 arg. 3"><a name="32446"><span class="ref">[32446] Iª q. 94 a. 2 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea, una
28
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2014 substantia separata cognoscit aliam cognoscendo seipsam, ut dicitur
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2015 in libro de causis. Sed anima primi hominis cognoscebat seipsam.
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2016 Ergo cognoscebat substantias separatas.</p><p title="I q. 94 a. 2 s. c."><a name="32447"><span class="ref">[32447] Iª q. 94 a. 2 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra, anima
28
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2017 Adae fuit eiusdem naturae cum animabus nostris. Sed animae nostrae
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2018 non possunt nunc intelligere substantias separatas. Ergo nec anima
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2019 primi hominis potuit.</p><p title="I q. 94 a. 2 co."><a name="32448"><span class="ref">[32448] Iª q. 94 a. 2 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
28
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2020 quod status animae hominis distingui potest dupliciter. Uno modo,
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2021 secundum diversum modum naturalis esse, et hoc modo distinguitur
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2022 status animae separatae, a statu animae coniunctae corpori. Alio
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2023 modo distinguitur status animae secundum integritatem et
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2024 corruptionem, servato eodem modo essendi secundum naturam, et sic
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2025 status innocentiae distinguitur a statu hominis post peccatum.
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diff changeset
2026 Anima enim hominis in statu innocentiae erat corpori perficiendo et
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diff changeset
2027 gubernando accommodata, sicut et nunc, unde dicitur primus homo
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diff changeset
2028 factus fuisse in animam viventem, idest corpori vitam dantem,
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diff changeset
2029 scilicet animalem. Sed huius vitae integritatem habebat, inquantum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2030 corpus erat totaliter animae subditum, in nullo ipsam impediens, ut
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2031 supra dictum est. Manifestum est autem ex praemissis quod ex hoc
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diff changeset
2032 quod anima est accommodata ad corporis gubernationem et
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diff changeset
2033 perfectionem secundum animalem vitam, competit animae nostrae talis
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2034 modus intelligendi, qui est per conversionem ad phantasmata. Unde
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diff changeset
2035 et hic modus intelligendi etiam animae primi hominis competebat.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2036 Secundum autem hunc modum intelligendi, motus quidam invenitur in
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2037 anima, ut Dionysius dicit IV cap. de Div. Nom., secundum tres
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2038 gradus. Quorum primus est, secundum quod a rebus exterioribus
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diff changeset
2039 congregatur anima ad seipsam; secundus autem est, prout anima
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diff changeset
2040 ascendit ad hoc quod uniatur virtutibus superioribus unitis,
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diff changeset
2041 scilicet Angelis; tertius autem gradus est, secundum quod ulterius
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diff changeset
2042 manuducitur ad bonum quod est supra omnia, scilicet Deum. Secundum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2043 igitur primum processum animae, qui est a rebus exterioribus ad
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diff changeset
2044 seipsam, perficitur animae cognitio. Quia scilicet intellectualis
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2045 operatio animae naturalem ordinem habet ad ea quae sunt extra, ut
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diff changeset
2046 supra dictum est, et ita per eorum cognitionem perfecte cognosci
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2047 potest nostra intellectualis operatio, sicut actus per obiectum. Et
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2048 per ipsam intellectualem operationem perfecte potest cognosci
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2049 humanus intellectus, sicut potentia per proprium actum. Sed in
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2050 secundo processu non invenitur perfecta cognitio. Quia, cum Angelus
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2051 non intelligat per conversionem ad phantasmata, sed longe
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2052 eminentiori modo, ut supra dictum est; praedictus modus
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2053 cognoscendi, quo anima cognoscit seipsam, non sufficienter ducit in
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2054 Angeli cognitionem. Multo autem minus tertius processus ad
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2055 perfectam notitiam terminatur, quia etiam ipsi Angeli, per hoc quod
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2056 cognoscunt seipsos, non possunt pertingere ad cognitionem divinae
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2057 substantiae propter eius excessum. Sic igitur anima primi hominis
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2058 non poterat videre Angelos per essentiam. Sed tamen excellentiorem
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2059 modum cognitionis habebat de eis, quam nos habeamus, quia eius
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2060 cognitio erat magis certa et fixa circa interiora intelligibilia,
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diff changeset
2061 quam cognitio nostra. Et propter tantam eminentiam dicit Gregorius
53
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diff changeset
2062 quod intererat Angelorum spiritibus.</p><p title="I q. 94 a. 2 ad 1"><a name="32449"><span class="ref">[32449] Iª q. 94 a. 2 ad 1</span></a> Unde patet solutio
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diff changeset
2063 ad primum.</p><p title="I q. 94 a. 2 ad 2"><a name="32450"><span class="ref">[32450] Iª q. 94 a. 2 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
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diff changeset
2064 dicendum quod hoc quod anima primi hominis deficiebat ab intellectu
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2065 substantiarum separatarum, non erat ex aggravatione corporis; sed
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2066 ex hoc quod obiectum ei connaturale erat deficiens ab excellentia
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diff changeset
2067 substantiarum separatarum. Nos autem deficimus propter
53
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diff changeset
2068 utrumque.</p><p title="I q. 94 a. 2 ad 3"><a name="32451"><span class="ref">[32451] Iª q. 94 a. 2 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
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diff changeset
2069 dicendum quod anima primi hominis non poterat per cognitionem sui
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2070 ipsius pertingere ad cognoscendas substantias separatas, ut supra
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2071 dictum est, quia etiam unaquaeque substantia separata cognoscit
53
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diff changeset
2072 aliam per modum sui ipsius.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 3</h3><p title="I q. 94 a. 3 arg. 1"><a name="32452"><span class="ref">[32452] Iª q. 94 a. 3 arg. 1</span></a> Ad tertium sic
28
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diff changeset
2073 proceditur. Videtur quod primus homo non habuerit scientiam omnium.
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diff changeset
2074 Aut enim habuit talem scientiam per species acquisitas, aut per
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2075 species connaturales, aut per species infusas. Non autem per
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2076 species acquisitas, huiusmodi enim cognitio ab experientia
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2077 causatur, ut dicitur in I Metaphys.; ipse autem non tunc fuerat
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2078 omnia expertus. Similiter etiam nec per species connaturales, quia
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2079 erat eiusdem naturae nobiscum; anima autem nostra est sicut tabula
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diff changeset
2080 in qua nihil est scriptum, ut dicitur in III de anima. Si autem per
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diff changeset
2081 species infusas, ergo scientia eius quam habebat de rebus, non erat
53
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diff changeset
2082 eiusdem rationis cum scientia nostra, quam a rebus acquirimus.</p><p title="I q. 94 a. 3 arg. 2"><a name="32453"><span class="ref">[32453] Iª q. 94 a. 3 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea, in
28
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diff changeset
2083 omnibus individuis eiusdem speciei est idem modus consequendi
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diff changeset
2084 perfectionem. Sed alii homines non statim in sui principio habent
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2085 omnium scientiam, sed eam per temporis successionem acquirunt
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diff changeset
2086 secundum suum modum. Ergo nec Adam, statim formatus, habuit omnium
53
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diff changeset
2087 scientiam.</p><p title="I q. 94 a. 3 arg. 3"><a name="32454"><span class="ref">[32454] Iª q. 94 a. 3 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2088 status praesentis vitae homini conceditur ut in eo proficiat anima
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diff changeset
2089 et quantum ad cognitionem, et quantum ad meritum; propter hoc enim
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2090 anima corpori videtur esse unita. Sed homo in statu illo
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diff changeset
2091 profecisset quantum ad meritum. Ergo etiam profecisset quantum ad
53
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diff changeset
2092 cognitionem rerum. Non ergo habuit omnium rerum scientiam.</p><p title="I q. 94 a. 3 s. c."><a name="32455"><span class="ref">[32455] Iª q. 94 a. 3 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28
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diff changeset
2093 quod ipse imposuit nomina animalibus, ut dicitur Gen. II. Nomina
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diff changeset
2094 autem debent naturis rerum congruere. Ergo Adam scivit naturas
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diff changeset
2095 omnium animalium, et pari ratione, habuit omnium aliorum
53
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diff changeset
2096 scientiam.</p><p title="I q. 94 a. 3 co."><a name="32456"><span class="ref">[32456] Iª q. 94 a. 3 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
28
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diff changeset
2097 quod naturali ordine perfectum praecedit imperfectum, sicut et
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diff changeset
2098 actus potentiam, quia ea quae sunt in potentia, non reducuntur ad
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2099 actum nisi per aliquod ens actu. Et quia res primitus a Deo
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diff changeset
2100 institutae sunt, non solum ut in seipsis essent, sed etiam ut
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diff changeset
2101 essent aliorum principia; ideo productae sunt in statu perfecto, in
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2102 quo possent esse principia aliorum. Homo autem potest esse
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2103 principium alterius non solum per generationem corporalem, sed
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diff changeset
2104 etiam per instructionem et gubernationem. Et ideo, sicut primus
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2105 homo institutus est in statu perfecto quantum ad corpus, ut statim
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diff changeset
2106 posset generare; ita etiam institutus est in statu perfecto quantum
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diff changeset
2107 ad animam, ut statim posset alios instruere et gubernare. Non
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diff changeset
2108 potest autem aliquis instruere, nisi habeat scientiam. Et ideo
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diff changeset
2109 primus homo sic institutus est a Deo, ut haberet omnium scientiam
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diff changeset
2110 in quibus homo natus est instrui. Et haec sunt omnia illa quae
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2111 virtualiter existunt in primis principiis per se notis, quaecumque
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diff changeset
2112 scilicet naturaliter homines cognoscere possunt. Ad gubernationem
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diff changeset
2113 autem vitae propriae et aliorum, non solum requiritur cognitio
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diff changeset
2114 eorum quae naturaliter sciri possunt, sed etiam cognitio eorum quae
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diff changeset
2115 naturalem cognitionem excedunt; eo quod vita hominis ordinatur ad
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diff changeset
2116 quendam finem supernaturalem; sicut nobis, ad gubernationem vitae
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diff changeset
2117 nostrae, necessarium est cognoscere quae fidei sunt. Unde et de his
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diff changeset
2118 supernaturalibus tantam cognitionem primus homo accepit, quanta
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diff changeset
2119 erat necessaria ad gubernationem vitae humanae secundum statum
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diff changeset
2120 illum. Alia vero, quae nec naturali hominis studio cognosci
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diff changeset
2121 possunt, nec sunt necessaria ad gubernationem vitae humanae, primus
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2122 homo non cognovit; sicut sunt cogitationes hominum, futura
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diff changeset
2123 contingentia, et quaedam singularia, puta quot lapilli iaceant in
53
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diff changeset
2124 flumine, et alia huiusmodi.</p><p title="I q. 94 a. 3 ad 1"><a name="32457"><span class="ref">[32457] Iª q. 94 a. 3 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28
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diff changeset
2125 dicendum quod primus homo habuit scientiam omnium per species a Deo
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diff changeset
2126 infusas. Nec tamen scientia illa fuit alterius rationis a scientia
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diff changeset
2127 nostra; sicut nec oculi quos caeco nato Christus dedit, fuerunt
53
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diff changeset
2128 alterius rationis ab oculis quos natura produxit.</p><p title="I q. 94 a. 3 ad 2"><a name="32458"><span class="ref">[32458] Iª q. 94 a. 3 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2129 dicendum quod Adam debebat aliquid habere perfectionis, inquantum
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diff changeset
2130 erat primus homo, quod ceteris hominibus non competit; ut ex dictis
53
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diff changeset
2131 patet.</p><p title="I q. 94 a. 3 ad 3"><a name="32459"><span class="ref">[32459] Iª q. 94 a. 3 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2132 dicendum quod Adam in scientia naturalium scibilium non profecisset
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diff changeset
2133 quantum ad numerum scitorum, sed quantum ad modum sciendi, quia
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2134 quae sciebat intellectualiter, scivisset postmodum per
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2135 experimentum. Quantum vero ad supernaturalia cognita, profecisset
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2136 etiam quantum ad numerum, per novas revelationes; sicut et Angeli
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2137 proficiunt per novas illuminationes. Nec tamen est simile de
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2138 profectu meriti, et scientiae, quia unus homo non est alteri
53
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diff changeset
2139 principium merendi, sicut est sciendi.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 4</h3><p title="I q. 94 a. 4 arg. 1"><a name="32460"><span class="ref">[32460] Iª q. 94 a. 4 arg. 1</span></a> Ad quartum sic
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2140 proceditur. Videtur quod homo in primo statu decipi potuisset.
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diff changeset
2141 Dicit enim apostolus, I ad Tim. II, quod <i>mulier seducta in
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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diff changeset
2142 praevaricatione fuit</i>.</p><p title="I q. 94 a. 4 arg. 2"><a name="32461"><span class="ref">[32461] Iª q. 94 a. 4 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2143 Magister dicit, XXI dist. II Sent., quod <i>ideo mulier non horruit
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2144 serpentem loquentem, quia officium loquendi eum accepisse a Deo
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diff changeset
2145 putavit</i>. Sed hoc falsum erat. Ergo mulier decepta fuit ante
53
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diff changeset
2146 peccatum.</p><p title="I q. 94 a. 4 arg. 3"><a name="32462"><span class="ref">[32462] Iª q. 94 a. 4 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2147 naturale est quod quanto aliquid remotius videtur, tanto minus
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2148 videtur. Sed natura oculi non est contracta per peccatum. Ergo hoc
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diff changeset
2149 idem in statu innocentiae contigisset. Fuisset ergo homo deceptus
53
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diff changeset
2150 circa quantitatem rei visae, sicut et modo.</p><p title="I q. 94 a. 4 arg. 4"><a name="32463"><span class="ref">[32463] Iª q. 94 a. 4 arg. 4</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2151 Augustinus dicit, XII super Gen. ad Litt., quod in somno adhaeret
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2152 anima similitudini tanquam ipsi rei. Sed homo in statu innocentiae
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diff changeset
2153 comedisset, et per consequens dormivisset et somniasset. Ergo
53
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diff changeset
2154 deceptus fuisset, adhaerendo similitudinibus tanquam rebus.</p><p title="I q. 94 a. 4 arg. 5"><a name="32464"><span class="ref">[32464] Iª q. 94 a. 4 arg. 5</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2155 primus homo nescivisset cogitationes hominum et futura
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diff changeset
2156 contingentia, ut dictum est. Si igitur aliquis super his sibi
53
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diff changeset
2157 falsum diceret, deceptus fuisset.</p><p title="I q. 94 a. 4 s. c."><a name="32465"><span class="ref">[32465] Iª q. 94 a. 4 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28
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diff changeset
2158 quod Augustinus dicit, <i>approbare vera pro falsis, non est natura
53
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diff changeset
2159 instituti hominis, sed poena damnati</i>.</p><p title="I q. 94 a. 4 co."><a name="32466"><span class="ref">[32466] Iª q. 94 a. 4 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
28
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diff changeset
2160 quod quidam dixerunt quod in nomine deceptionis duo possunt
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diff changeset
2161 intelligi, scilicet qualiscumque existimatio levis, qua aliquis
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diff changeset
2162 adhaeret falso tanquam vero, sine assensu credulitatis; et iterum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2163 firma credulitas. Quantum ergo ad ea quorum scientiam Adam habebat,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2164 neutro istorum modorum homo decipi poterat ante peccatum. Sed
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2165 quantum ad ea quorum scientiam non habebat, decipi poterat, large
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2166 accepta deceptione pro existimatione qualicumque sine assensu
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2167 credulitatis. Quod ideo dicunt, quia existimare falsum in talibus,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2168 non est noxium homini; et ex quo temere assensus non adhibetur, non
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2169 est culpabile. Sed haec positio non convenit integritati primi
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2170 status, quia, ut Augustinus dicit XIV de Civit. Dei, <i>in illo
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diff changeset
2171 statu erat devitatio tranquilla peccati, qua manente, nullum malum
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diff changeset
2172 omnino esse poterat</i>. Manifestum est autem quod, sicut verum est
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diff changeset
2173 bonum intellectus, ita falsum est malum eius, ut dicitur in VI
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diff changeset
2174 Ethic. Unde non poterat esse quod, innocentia manente, intellectus
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diff changeset
2175 hominis alicui falso acquiesceret quasi vero. Sicut enim in membris
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diff changeset
2176 corporis primi hominis erat quidem carentia perfectionis alicuius,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2177 puta claritatis, non tamen aliquod malum inesse poterat; ita in
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2178 intellectu poterat esse carentia notitiae alicuius, nulla tamen
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2179 poterat ibi esse existimatio falsi. Quod etiam ex ipsa rectitudine
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2180 primi status apparet, secundum quam, quandiu anima maneret Deo
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2181 subdita, tandiu in homine inferiora superioribus subderentur, nec
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2182 superiora per inferiora impedirentur. Manifestum est autem ex
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2183 praemissis quod intellectus circa proprium obiectum semper verus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2184 est. Unde ex seipso nunquam decipitur, sed omnis deceptio accidit
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2185 in intellectu ex aliquo inferiori, puta phantasia vel aliquo
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2186 huiusmodi. Unde videmus quod, quando naturale iudicatorium non est
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2187 ligatum, non decipimur per huiusmodi apparitiones, sed solum quando
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2188 ligatur, ut patet in dormientibus. Unde manifestum est quod
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2189 rectitudo primi status non compatiebatur aliquam deceptionem circa
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
2190 intellectum.</p><p title="I q. 94 a. 4 ad 1"><a name="32467"><span class="ref">[32467] Iª q. 94 a. 4 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2191 dicendum quod illa seductio mulieris, etsi praecesserit peccatum
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2192 operis, subsecuta tamen est peccatum internae elationis. Dicit enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2193 Augustinus, XI super Gen. ad Litt., quod <i>mulier verbis serpentis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2194 non crederet, nisi iam inesset menti eius amor propriae potestatis,
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
2195 et quaedam de se superba praesumptio</i>.</p><p title="I q. 94 a. 4 ad 2"><a name="32468"><span class="ref">[32468] Iª q. 94 a. 4 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2196 dicendum quod mulier putavit serpentem hoc accepisse loquendi
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2197 officium, non per naturam, sed aliqua supernaturali operatione.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2198 Quamvis non sit necessarium auctoritatem Magistri sententiarum
53
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parents: 28
diff changeset
2199 sequi in hac parte.</p><p title="I q. 94 a. 4 ad 3"><a name="32469"><span class="ref">[32469] Iª q. 94 a. 4 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2200 dicendum quod, si aliquid repraesentatum fuisset sensui vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2201 phantasiae primi hominis aliter quam sit in rerum natura, non tamen
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
2202 deciperetur, quia per rationem veritatem diiudicaret.</p><p title="I q. 94 a. 4 ad 4"><a name="32470"><span class="ref">[32470] Iª q. 94 a. 4 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2203 dicendum quod id quod accidit in somno, non imputatur homini, quia
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
2204 non habet usum rationis, qui est proprius hominis actus.</p><p title="I q. 94 a. 4 ad 5"><a name="32471"><span class="ref">[32471] Iª q. 94 a. 4 ad 5</span></a> Ad quintum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2205 dicendum quod alicui dicenti falsum de contingentibus futuris vel
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2206 cogitationibus cordium, homo in statu innocentiae non credidisset
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2207 ita esse, sed credidisset quod hoc esset possibile, et hoc non
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2208 esset existimare falsum. Vel potest dici quod divinitus ei
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2209 subventum fuisset, ne deciperetur in his quorum scientiam non
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2210 habebat. Nec est instantia, quam quidam afferunt, quod in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2211 tentatione non fuit ei subventum ne deciperetur, licet tunc maxime
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2212 indigeret. Quia iam praecesserat peccatum in animo, et ad divinum
59
03759e5c1080 fix multi-para s.c.
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parents: 53
diff changeset
2213 auxilium recursum non habuit.</p></div></div><div id="q95" class="q"><h2>Quaestio 95</h2><div class="p"><h3>Prooemium</h3><p title="I q. 95 pr."><a name="32472"><span class="ref">[32472]
53
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parents: 28
diff changeset
2214 Iª q. 95 pr.</span></a> Deinde considerandum est de his quae
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2215 pertinent ad voluntatem primi hominis. Et circa hoc consideranda
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2216 sunt duo, primo quidem, de gratia et iustitia primi hominis;
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2217 secundo, de usu iustitiae quantum ad dominium super alia. Circa
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2218 primum quaeruntur quatuor. Primo, utrum primus homo creatus fuerit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2219 in gratia. Secundo, utrum in statu innocentiae habuerit animae
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2220 passiones. Tertio, utrum habuit virtutes omnes. Quarto, utrum opera
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
2221 eius fuissent aeque efficacia ad merendum, sicut modo sunt.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 1</h3><p title="I q. 95 a. 1 arg. 1"><a name="32473"><span class="ref">[32473] Iª q. 95 a. 1 arg. 1</span></a> Ad primum sic
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2222 proceditur. Videtur quod primus homo non fuerit creatus in gratia.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2223 Apostolus enim, I Cor. XV, distinguens Adam a Christo, dicit,
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2224 <i>factus est primus Adam in animam viventem; novissimus autem in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2225 spiritum vivificantem</i>. Sed vivificatio spiritus est per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2226 gratiam. Ergo hoc est proprium Christi, quod fuerit factus in
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2227 gratia.</p><p title="I q. 95 a. 1 arg. 2"><a name="32474"><span class="ref">[32474] Iª q. 95 a. 1 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2228 Augustinus dicit, in libro de quaestionibus veteris et novi
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2229 testamenti, quod <i>Adam non habuit spiritum sanctum</i>. Sed
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2230 quicumque habet gratiam, habet spiritum sanctum. Ergo Adam non fuit
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2231 creatus in gratia.</p><p title="I q. 95 a. 1 arg. 3"><a name="32475"><span class="ref">[32475] Iª q. 95 a. 1 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2232 Augustinus dicit, in libro de correptione et gratia, quod <i>Deus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2233 sic ordinavit Angelorum et hominum vitam, ut prius in eis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2234 ostenderet quid posset eorum liberum arbitrium, deinde quid posset
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2235 suae gratiae beneficium, iustitiaeque iudicium</i>. Primo ergo
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2236 condidit hominem et Angelum in sola naturali arbitrii libertate, et
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2237 postmodum eis gratiam contulit.</p><p title="I q. 95 a. 1 arg. 4"><a name="32476"><span class="ref">[32476] Iª q. 95 a. 1 arg. 4</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2238 Magister dicit, in XXIV distinctione libri II Sent., quod <i>homini
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2239 in creatione datum est auxilium per quod stare poterat, sed non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2240 poterat proficere</i>. Quicumque autem habet gratiam, potest
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2241 proficere per meritum. Ergo primus homo non fuit creatus in
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
2242 gratia.</p><p title="I q. 95 a. 1 arg. 5"><a name="32477"><span class="ref">[32477] Iª q. 95 a. 1 arg. 5</span></a> Praeterea, ad
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2243 hoc quod aliquis accipiat gratiam, requiritur consensus ex parte
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2244 recipientis, cum per hoc perficiatur matrimonium quoddam spirituale
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2245 inter Deum et animam. Sed consensus in gratiam esse non potest nisi
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2246 prius existentis. Ergo homo non accepit gratiam in primo instanti
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2247 suae creationis.</p><p title="I q. 95 a. 1 arg. 6"><a name="32478"><span class="ref">[32478] Iª q. 95 a. 1 arg. 6</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2248 natura plus distat a gratia quam gratia a gloria, quae nihil est
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2249 aliud quam gratia consummata. Sed in homine gratia praecessit
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2250 gloriam. Ergo multo magis natura praecessit gratiam.</p><p title="I q. 95 a. 1 s. c."><a name="32479"><span class="ref">[32479] Iª q. 95 a. 1 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra, homo
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2251 et Angelus aequaliter ordinantur ad gratiam. Sed Angelus est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2252 creatus in gratia, dicit enim Augustinus, XII de Civ. Dei, quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2253 <i>Deus simul erat in eis condens naturam et largiens gratiam</i>.
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
2254 Ergo et homo creatus fuit in gratia.</p><p title="I q. 95 a. 1 co."><a name="32480"><span class="ref">[32480] Iª q. 95 a. 1 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2255 quod quidam dicunt quod primus homo non fuit quidem creatus in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2256 gratia, sed tamen postmodum gratia fuit sibi collata antequam
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2257 peccasset, plurimae enim sanctorum auctoritates attestantur hominem
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2258 in statu innocentiae gratiam habuisse. Sed quod etiam fuerit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2259 conditus in gratia, ut alii dicunt, videtur requirere ipsa
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2260 rectitudo primi status, in qua Deus hominem fecit, secundum illud
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2261 Eccle. VII, <i>Deus fecit hominem rectum</i>. Erat enim haec
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2262 rectitudo secundum hoc, quod ratio subdebatur Deo, rationi vero
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2263 inferiores vires, et animae corpus. Prima autem subiectio erat
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2264 causa et secundae et tertiae, quandiu enim ratio manebat Deo
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2265 subiecta, inferiora ei subdebantur, ut Augustinus dicit. Manifestum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2266 est autem quod illa subiectio corporis ad animam, et inferiorum
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2267 virium ad rationem, non erat naturalis, alioquin post peccatum
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2268 mansisset, cum etiam in Daemonibus data naturalia post peccatum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2269 permanserint, ut Dionysius dicit cap. IV de Div. Nom. Unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2270 manifestum est quod et illa prima subiectio, qua ratio Deo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2271 subdebatur, non erat solum secundum naturam, sed secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2272 supernaturale donum gratiae, non enim potest esse quod effectus sit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2273 potior quam causa. Unde Augustinus dicit, XIII de Civ. Dei, quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2274 <i>posteaquam praecepti facta transgressio est, confestim, gratia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2275 deserente divina, de corporum suorum nuditate confusi sunt,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2276 senserunt enim motum inobedientis carnis suae, tanquam reciprocam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2277 poenam inobedientiae suae</i>. Ex quo datur intelligi, si deserente
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2278 gratia soluta est obedientia carnis ad animam, quod per gratiam in
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2279 anima existentem inferiora ei subdebantur.</p><p title="I q. 95 a. 1 ad 1"><a name="32481"><span class="ref">[32481] Iª q. 95 a. 1 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2280 dicendum quod apostolus illa verba inducit ad ostendendum esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2281 corpus spirituale, si est corpus animale, quia vita spiritualis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2282 corporis incoepit in Christo, qui est primogenitus ex mortuis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2283 sicut vita corporis animalis incoepit in Adam. Non ergo ex verbis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2284 apostoli habetur quod Adam non fuit spiritualis secundum animam;
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2285 sed quod non fuit spiritualis secundum corpus.</p><p title="I q. 95 a. 1 ad 2"><a name="32482"><span class="ref">[32482] Iª q. 95 a. 1 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2286 dicendum quod, sicut Augustinus dicit in eodem loco, non negatur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2287 quin aliquo modo fuerit in Adam spiritus sanctus, sicut et in aliis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2288 iustis, sed quod non sic fuerit in eo, sicut nunc est in fidelibus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2289 qui admittuntur ad perceptionem haereditatis aeternae statim post
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2290 mortem.</p><p title="I q. 95 a. 1 ad 3"><a name="32483"><span class="ref">[32483] Iª q. 95 a. 1 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2291 dicendum quod ex illa auctoritate Augustini non habetur quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2292 Angelus vel homo prius fuerit creatus in naturali libertate
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2293 arbitrii, quam habuisset gratiam, sed quod prius ostendit quid in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2294 eis posset liberum arbitrium ante confirmationem, et quid postmodum
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2295 consecuti sunt per auxilium gratiae confirmantis.</p><p title="I q. 95 a. 1 ad 4"><a name="32484"><span class="ref">[32484] Iª q. 95 a. 1 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2296 dicendum quod Magister loquitur secundum opinionem illorum qui
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2297 posuerunt hominem non esse creatum in gratia, sed in naturalibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2298 tantum. Vel potest dici quod, etsi homo fuerit creatus in gratia,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2299 non tamen habuit ex creatione naturae quod posset proficere per
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2300 meritum, sed ex superadditione gratiae.</p><p title="I q. 95 a. 1 ad 5"><a name="32485"><span class="ref">[32485] Iª q. 95 a. 1 ad 5</span></a> Ad quintum
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2301 dicendum quod, cum motus voluntatis non sit continuus, nihil
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2302 prohibet etiam in primo instanti suae creationis primum hominem
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2303 gratiae consensisse.</p><p title="I q. 95 a. 1 ad 6"><a name="32486"><span class="ref">[32486] Iª q. 95 a. 1 ad 6</span></a> Ad sextum dicendum
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2304 quod gloriam meremur per actum gratiae, non autem gratiam per actum
53
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ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2305 naturae. Unde non est similis ratio.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 2</h3><p title="I q. 95 a. 2 arg. 1"><a name="32487"><span class="ref">[32487] Iª q. 95 a. 2 arg. 1</span></a> Ad secundum sic
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2306 proceditur. Videtur quod in primo homine non fuerint animae
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2307 passiones. Secundum enim passiones animae contingit quod caro
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2308 concupiscit adversus spiritum. Sed hoc non erat in statu
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2309 innocentiae. Ergo in statu innocentiae non erant animae
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2310 passiones.</p><p title="I q. 95 a. 2 arg. 2"><a name="32488"><span class="ref">[32488] Iª q. 95 a. 2 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea, anima
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2311 Adae erat nobilior quam corpus. Sed corpus Adae fuit impassibile.
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2312 Ergo nec in anima eius fuerunt passiones.</p><p title="I q. 95 a. 2 arg. 3"><a name="32489"><span class="ref">[32489] Iª q. 95 a. 2 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea, per
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2313 virtutem moralem comprimuntur animae passiones. Sed in Adam fuit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2314 virtus moralis perfecta. Ergo totaliter passiones excludebantur ab
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2315 eo.</p><p title="I q. 95 a. 2 s. c."><a name="32490"><span class="ref">[32490] Iª q. 95 a. 2 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2316 quod dicit Augustinus, XIV de Civ. Dei, quod erat in eis amor
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2317 imperturbatus in Deum, et quaedam aliae animae passiones.</p><p title="I q. 95 a. 2 co."><a name="32491"><span class="ref">[32491] Iª q. 95 a. 2 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2318 quod passiones animae sunt in appetitu sensuali, cuius obiectum est
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2319 bonum et malum. Unde omnium passionum animae quaedam ordinantur ad
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2320 bonum, ut amor et gaudium; quaedam ad malum, ut timor et dolor. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2321 quia in primo statu nullum malum aderat nec imminebat; nec aliquod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2322 bonum aberat, quod cuperet bona voluntas pro tempore illo habendum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2323 ut patet per Augustinum XIV de Civ. Dei, omnes illae passiones quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2324 respiciunt malum, in Adam non erant ut timor et dolor et huiusmodi;
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2325 similiter nec illae passiones quae respiciunt bonum non habitum et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2326 nunc habendum, ut cupiditas aestuans. Illae vero passiones quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2327 possunt esse boni praesentis, ut gaudium et amor; vel quae sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2328 futuri boni ut suo tempore habendi, ut desiderium et spes non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2329 affligens; fuerunt in statu innocentiae. Aliter tamen quam in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2330 nobis. Nam in nobis appetitus sensualis, in quo sunt passiones, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2331 totaliter subest rationi, unde passiones quandoque sunt in nobis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2332 praevenientes iudicium rationis, et impedientes; quandoque vero ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2333 iudicio rationis consequentes, prout sensualis appetitus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2334 aliqualiter rationi obedit. In statu vero innocentiae inferior
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2335 appetitus erat rationi totaliter subiectus, unde non erant in eo
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
2336 passiones animae, nisi ex rationis iudicio consequentes.</p><p title="I q. 95 a. 2 ad 1"><a name="32492"><span class="ref">[32492] Iª q. 95 a. 2 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2337 dicendum quod caro concupiscit adversus spiritum, per hoc quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2338 passiones rationi repugnant, quod in statu innocentiae non
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2339 erat.</p><p title="I q. 95 a. 2 ad 2"><a name="32493"><span class="ref">[32493] Iª q. 95 a. 2 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2340 dicendum quod corpus humanum in statu innocentiae erat impassibile
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2341 quantum ad passiones quae removent dispositionem naturalem, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2342 infra dicetur. Et similiter anima fuit impassibilis quantum ad
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2343 passiones quae impediunt rationem.</p><p title="I q. 95 a. 2 ad 3"><a name="32494"><span class="ref">[32494] Iª q. 95 a. 2 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2344 dicendum quod perfecta virtus moralis non totaliter tollit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2345 passiones, sed ordinat eas, <i>temperati enim est concupiscere
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2346 sicut oportet, et quae oportet</i>, ut dicitur in III Ethic.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 3</h3><p title="I q. 95 a. 3 arg. 1"><a name="32495"><span class="ref">[32495] Iª q. 95 a. 3 arg. 1</span></a> Ad tertium sic
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2347 proceditur. Videtur quod Adam non habuerit omnes virtutes. Quaedam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2348 enim virtutes ordinantur ad refraenandam immoderantiam passionum;
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2349 sicut per temperantiam refraenatur immoderata concupiscentia, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2350 per fortitudinem immoderatus timor. Sed immoderantia passionum non
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2351 erat in statu innocentiae. Ergo nec dictae virtutes.</p><p title="I q. 95 a. 3 arg. 2"><a name="32496"><span class="ref">[32496] Iª q. 95 a. 3 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2352 quaedam virtutes sunt circa passiones respicientes malum; ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2353 mansuetudo circa iras, et fortitudo circa timores. Sed tales
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2354 passiones non erant in statu innocentiae, ut dictum est. Ergo nec
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2355 huiusmodi virtutes.</p><p title="I q. 95 a. 3 arg. 3"><a name="32497"><span class="ref">[32497] Iª q. 95 a. 3 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2356 poenitentia est quaedam virtus respiciens peccatum prius commissum.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2357 Misericordia etiam est quaedam virtus respiciens miseriam. Sed in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2358 statu innocentiae non erat peccatum nec miseria. Ergo neque
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2359 huiusmodi virtutes.</p><p title="I q. 95 a. 3 arg. 4"><a name="32498"><span class="ref">[32498] Iª q. 95 a. 3 arg. 4</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2360 perseverantia est quaedam virtus. Sed hanc Adam non habuit; ut
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2361 sequens peccatum ostendit. Ergo non habuit omnes virtutes.</p><p title="I q. 95 a. 3 arg. 5"><a name="32499"><span class="ref">[32499] Iª q. 95 a. 3 arg. 5</span></a> Praeterea, fides
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2362 quaedam virtus est. Sed haec in statu innocentiae non fuit,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2363 importat enim aenigmaticam cognitionem, quae perfectioni primi
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2364 status repugnare videtur.</p><p title="I q. 95 a. 3 s. c."><a name="32500"><span class="ref">[32500] Iª q. 95 a. 3 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2365 quod Augustinus dicit, in quadam homilia, <i>princeps vitiorum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2366 devicit Adam de limo terrae ad imaginem Dei factum, pudicitia
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2367 armatum, temperantia compositum, claritate splendidum</i>.</p><p title="I q. 95 a. 3 co."><a name="32501"><span class="ref">[32501] Iª q. 95 a. 3 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2368 quod homo in statu innocentiae aliqualiter habuit omnes virtutes.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2369 Et hoc ex dictis potest esse manifestum. Dictum est enim supra quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2370 talis erat rectitudo primi status, quod ratio erat Deo subiecta,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2371 inferiores autem vires rationi. Virtutes autem nihil aliud sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2372 quam perfectiones quaedam, quibus ratio ordinatur in Deum, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2373 inferiores vires disponuntur secundum regulam rationis; ut magis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2374 patebit cum de virtutibus agetur. Unde rectitudo primi status
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2375 exigebat ut homo aliqualiter omnes virtutes haberet. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2376 considerandum est quod virtutum quaedam sunt, quae de sui ratione
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2377 nullam imperfectionem important, ut caritas et iustitia. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2378 huiusmodi virtutes fuerunt in statu innocentiae simpliciter, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2379 quantum ad habitum et quantum ad actum. Quaedam vero sunt, quae de
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2380 sui ratione imperfectionem important, vel ex parte actus vel ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2381 parte materiae. Et si huiusmodi imperfectio non repugnat
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2382 perfectioni primi status, nihilominus huiusmodi virtutes poterant
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2383 esse in primo statu; sicut fides, quae est eorum quae non videntur,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2384 et spes, quae est eorum quae non habentur. Perfectio enim primi
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2385 status non se extendebat ad hoc, ut videret Deum per essentiam, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2386 ut haberet eum cum fruitione finalis beatitudinis, unde fides et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2387 spes esse poterant in primo statu, et quantum ad habitum et quantum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2388 ad actum. Si vero imperfectio quae est de ratione virtutis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2389 alicuius, repugnat perfectioni primi status, poterat huiusmodi
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2390 virtus ibi esse secundum habitum, sed non secundum actum, ut patet
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2391 de poenitentia, quae est dolor de peccato commisso, et de
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2392 misericordia, quae est dolor de miseria aliena; perfectioni enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2393 primi status repugnat tam dolor, quam culpa et miseria. Unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2394 huiusmodi virtutes erant in primo homine secundum habitum, sed non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2395 secundum actum, erat enim primus homo sic dispositus, ut si
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2396 peccatum praecessisset, doleret; et similiter si miseriam in alio
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2397 videret, eam pro posse repelleret. Sicut philosophus dicit, in IV
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2398 Ethic., quod verecundia, quae est de turpi facto, <i>contingit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2399 studioso solum sub conditione, est enim sic dispositus, quod
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2400 verecundaretur si turpe aliquid committeret</i>.</p><p title="I q. 95 a. 3 ad 1"><a name="32502"><span class="ref">[32502] Iª q. 95 a. 3 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2401 dicendum quod accidit temperantiae et fortitudini quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2402 superabundantiam passionum repellat, inquantum invenit passiones
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2403 superabundantes in subiecto. Sed per se convenit huiusmodi
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2404 virtutibus passiones moderari.</p><p title="I q. 95 a. 3 ad 2"><a name="32503"><span class="ref">[32503] Iª q. 95 a. 3 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2405 dicendum quod illae passiones ad malum ordinatae, repugnant
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2406 perfectioni primi status, quae habent respectum ad malum in ipso
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2407 qui afficitur passione, ut timor et dolor. Sed passiones quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2408 respiciunt malum in altero, non repugnant perfectioni primi status,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2409 poterat enim homo in primo statu habere odio malitiam Daemonum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2410 sicut et diligere bonitatem Dei. Unde et virtutes quae circa tales
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2411 passiones essent, possent esse in primo statu, et quantum ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2412 habitum et quantum ad actum. Quae vero sunt circa passiones
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2413 respicientes malum in eodem subiecto, si circa huiusmodi solas
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2414 passiones sunt, non poterant esse in primo statu secundum actum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2415 sed solum secundum habitum; sicut de poenitentia et misericordia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2416 dictum est. Sed sunt quaedam virtutes quae non sunt circa has
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2417 passiones solum, sed etiam circa alias; sicut temperantia, quae non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2418 solum est circa tristitias, sed etiam circa delectationes; et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2419 fortitudo, quae non solum est circa timores, sed etiam circa
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2420 audaciam et spem. Unde poterat esse in primo statu actus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2421 temperantiae, secundum quod est moderativa delectationum; et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2422 similiter fortitudo, secundum quod est moderativa audaciae sive
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2423 spei; non autem secundum quod moderantur tristitiam et timorem.</p><p title="I q. 95 a. 3 ad 3"><a name="32504"><span class="ref">[32504] Iª q. 95 a. 3 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium patet
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2424 solutio ex his quae dicta sunt.</p><p title="I q. 95 a. 3 ad 4"><a name="32505"><span class="ref">[32505] Iª q. 95 a. 3 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2425 dicendum quod perseverantia dupliciter sumitur. Uno modo, prout est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2426 quaedam virtus, et sic significat quendam habitum, quo quis eligit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2427 perseverare in bono. Et sic Adam perseverantiam habuit. Alio modo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2428 prout est circumstantia virtutis, et sic significat continuationem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2429 quandam virtutis absque interruptione. Et hoc modo Adam
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2430 perseverantiam non habuit.</p><p title="I q. 95 a. 3 ad 5"><a name="32506"><span class="ref">[32506] Iª q. 95 a. 3 ad 5</span></a> Ad quintum patet
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2431 responsio per ea quae dicta sunt.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 4</h3><p title="I q. 95 a. 4 arg. 1"><a name="32507"><span class="ref">[32507] Iª q. 95 a. 4 arg. 1</span></a> Ad quartum sic
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2432 proceditur. Videtur quod opera primi hominis fuerint minus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2433 efficacia ad merendum quam opera nostra. Gratia enim ex Dei
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2434 misericordia datur, quae magis indigentibus subvenit magis. Sed nos
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2435 indigemus magis gratia quam primus homo in statu innocentiae. Ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2436 copiosius infunditur nobis gratia. Quae cum sit radix meriti, opera
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2437 nostra efficaciora ad merendum redduntur.</p><p title="I q. 95 a. 4 arg. 2"><a name="32508"><span class="ref">[32508] Iª q. 95 a. 4 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea, ad
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2438 meritum requiritur pugna quaedam et difficultas. Dicitur enim II ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2439 Tim. II, <i>non coronabitur nisi qui legitime certaverit</i>. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2440 philosophus dicit, in II Ethic., quod <i>virtus est circa difficile
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2441 et bonum</i>. Sed nunc est maior pugna et difficultas. Ergo et
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2442 maior efficacia ad merendum.</p><p title="I q. 95 a. 4 arg. 3"><a name="32509"><span class="ref">[32509] Iª q. 95 a. 4 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2443 Magister dicit, XXIV distinctione II libri Sent., quod <i>homo non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2444 meruisset, tentationi resistendo; nunc autem meretur qui tentationi
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2445 resistit</i>. Ergo efficaciora sunt opera nostra ad merendum quam
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2446 in primo statu.</p><p title="I q. 95 a. 4 s. c."><a name="32510"><span class="ref">[32510] Iª q. 95 a. 4 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2447 quia secundum hoc, homo esset melioris conditionis post
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2448 peccatum.</p><p title="I q. 95 a. 4 co."><a name="32511"><span class="ref">[32511] Iª q. 95 a. 4 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2449 quod quantitas meriti ex duobus potest pensari. Uno modo, ex radice
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2450 caritatis et gratiae. Et talis quantitas meriti respondet praemio
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2451 essentiali, quod consistit in Dei fruitione, qui enim ex maiori
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2452 caritate aliquid facit, perfectius Deo fruetur. Alio modo pensari
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2453 potest quantitas meriti ex quantitate operis. Quae quidem est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2454 duplex, scilicet absoluta, et proportionalis. Vidua enim quae misit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2455 duo aera minuta in gazophylacium; minus opus fecit quantitate
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2456 absoluta, quam illi qui magna munera posuerunt, sed quantitate
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2457 proportionali vidua plus fecit, secundum sententiam domini, quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2458 magis eius facultatem superabat. Utraque tamen quantitas meriti
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2459 respondet praemio accidentali; quod est gaudium de bono creato. Sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2460 igitur dicendum quod efficaciora fuissent hominis opera ad merendum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2461 in statu innocentiae quam post peccatum, si attendatur quantitas
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2462 meriti ex parte gratiae; quae tunc copiosior fuisset, nullo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2463 obstaculo in natura humana invento. Similiter etiam, si
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2464 consideretur absoluta quantitas operis, quia, cum homo esset
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2465 maioris virtutis, maiora opera fecisset. Sed si consideretur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2466 quantitas proportionalis, maior invenitur ratio meriti post
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2467 peccatum, propter hominis imbecillitatem, magis enim excedit parvum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2468 opus potestatem eius qui cum difficultate operatur illud, quam opus
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2469 magnum potestatem eius qui sine difficultate operatur.</p><p title="I q. 95 a. 4 ad 1"><a name="32512"><span class="ref">[32512] Iª q. 95 a. 4 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2470 dicendum quod homo post peccatum ad plura indiget gratia quam ante
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2471 peccatum, sed non magis. Quia homo, etiam ante peccatum, indigebat
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2472 gratia ad vitam aeternam consequendam, quae est principalis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2473 necessitas gratiae. Sed homo post peccatum, super hoc, indiget
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2474 gratia etiam ad peccati remissionem, et infirmitatis
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
2475 sustentationem.</p><p title="I q. 95 a. 4 ad 2"><a name="32513"><span class="ref">[32513] Iª q. 95 a. 4 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2476 dicendum quod difficultas et pugna pertinent ad quantitatem meriti,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2477 secundum quantitatem operis proportionalem, ut dictum est. Et est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2478 signum promptitudinis voluntatis, quae conatur ad id quod est sibi
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2479 difficile, promptitudo autem voluntatis causatur ex magnitudine
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2480 caritatis. Et tamen potest contingere quod aliquis ita prompta
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2481 voluntate faciat opus aliquod facile, sicut alius difficile, quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2482 paratus esset facere etiam quod sibi esset difficile. Difficultas
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2483 tamen actualis, inquantum est poenalis, habet etiam quod sit
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2484 satisfactoria pro peccato.</p><p title="I q. 95 a. 4 ad 3"><a name="32514"><span class="ref">[32514] Iª q. 95 a. 4 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2485 dicendum quod resistere tentationi primo homini non fuisset
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2486 meritorium, secundum opinionem ponentium quod gratiam non haberet;
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2487 sicut nec modo est meritorium non habenti gratiam. Sed in hoc est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2488 differentia, quia in primo statu nihil erat interius impellens ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2489 malum, sicut modo est, unde magis tunc poterat homo resistere
59
03759e5c1080 fix multi-para s.c.
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parents: 53
diff changeset
2490 tentationi sine gratia, quam modo.</p></div></div><div id="q96" class="q"><h2>Quaestio 96</h2><div class="p"><h3>Prooemium</h3><p title="I q. 96 pr."><a name="32515"><span class="ref">[32515]
53
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ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2491 Iª q. 96 pr.</span></a> Deinde considerandum est de dominio
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2492 quod competebat homini in statu innocentiae. Et circa hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2493 quaeruntur quatuor. Primo, utrum homo in statu innocentiae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2494 animalibus dominaretur. Secundo, utrum dominaretur omni creaturae.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2495 Tertio, utrum in statu innocentiae omnes homines fuissent aequales.
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
2496 Quarto, utrum in illo statu homo hominibus dominaretur.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 1</h3><p title="I q. 96 a. 1 arg. 1"><a name="32516"><span class="ref">[32516] Iª q. 96 a. 1 arg. 1</span></a> Ad primum sic
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2497 proceditur. Videtur quod Adam in statu innocentiae animalibus non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2498 dominabatur. Dicit enim Augustinus, IX super Gen. ad Litt., quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2499 ministerio Angelorum animalia sunt adducta ad Adam, ut eis nomina
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2500 imponeret. Non autem fuisset ibi necessarium Angelorum ministerium,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2501 si homo per seipsum animalibus dominabatur. Non ergo in statu
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2502 innocentiae habuit dominium homo super alia animalia.</p><p title="I q. 96 a. 1 arg. 2"><a name="32517"><span class="ref">[32517] Iª q. 96 a. 1 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea, ea
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2503 quae ad invicem discordant, non recte sub uno dominio congregantur.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2504 Sed multa animalia naturaliter ad invicem discordant, sicut ovis et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2505 lupus. Ergo omnia animalia sub hominis dominio non
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2506 continebantur.</p><p title="I q. 96 a. 1 arg. 3"><a name="32518"><span class="ref">[32518] Iª q. 96 a. 1 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2507 Hieronymus dicit quod <i>homini ante peccatum non indigenti, Deus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2508 animalium dominationem dedit, praesciebat enim hominem adminiculo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2509 animalium adiuvandum fore post lapsum</i>. Ergo ad minus usus
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2510 dominii super animalia non competebat homini ante peccatum.</p><p title="I q. 96 a. 1 arg. 4"><a name="32519"><span class="ref">[32519] Iª q. 96 a. 1 arg. 4</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2511 proprium domini esse videtur praecipere. Sed praeceptum non recte
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2512 fertur nisi ad habentem rationem. Ergo homo non habebat dominium
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2513 super animalia irrationalia.</p><p title="I q. 96 a. 1 s. c."><a name="32520"><span class="ref">[32520] Iª q. 96 a. 1 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2514 quod dicitur Gen. I, de homine, <i>praesit piscibus maris, et
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2515 volatilibus caeli, et bestiis terrae</i>.</p><p title="I q. 96 a. 1 co."><a name="32521"><span class="ref">[32521] Iª q. 96 a. 1 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2516 quod, sicut supra dictum est, inobedientia ad hominem eorum quae ei
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2517 debent esse subiecta, subsecuta est in poenam eius, eo quod ipse
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2518 fuit inobediens Deo. Et ideo in statu innocentiae, ante
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2519 inobedientiam praedictam, nihil ei repugnabat quod naturaliter
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2520 deberet ei esse subiectum. Omnia autem animalia sunt homini
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2521 naturaliter subiecta. Quod apparet ex tribus. Primo quidem, ex ipso
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2522 naturae processu. Sicut enim in generatione rerum intelligitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2523 quidam ordo quo proceditur de imperfecto ad perfectum (nam materia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2524 est propter formam, et forma imperfectior propter perfectiorem),
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2525 ita etiam est in usu rerum naturalium, nam imperfectiora cedunt in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2526 usum perfectorum; plantae enim utuntur terra ad sui nutrimentum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2527 animalia vero plantis, et homines plantis et animalibus. Unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2528 naturaliter homo dominatur animalibus. Et propter hoc philosophus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2529 dicit, in I Politic., quod venatio sylvestrium animalium est iusta
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2530 et naturalis, quia per eam homo vindicat sibi quod est naturaliter
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2531 suum. Secundo apparet hoc ex ordine divinae providentiae, quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2532 semper inferiora per superiora gubernat. Unde, cum homo sit supra
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2533 cetera animalia, utpote ad imaginem Dei factus, convenienter eius
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2534 gubernationi alia animalia subduntur. Tertio apparet idem ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2535 proprietate hominis, et aliorum animalium. In aliis enim animalibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2536 invenitur, secundum aestimationem naturalem, quaedam participatio
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2537 prudentiae ad aliquos particulares actus, in homine autem invenitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2538 universalis prudentia, quae est ratio omnium agibilium. Omne autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2539 quod est per participationem, subditur ei quod est per essentiam et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2540 universaliter. Unde patet quod naturalis est subiectio aliorum
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2541 animalium ad hominem.</p><p title="I q. 96 a. 1 ad 1"><a name="32522"><span class="ref">[32522] Iª q. 96 a. 1 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2542 dicendum quod in subiectos multa potest facere superior potestas,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2543 quae non potest facere inferior. Angelus autem est naturaliter
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2544 superior homine. Unde aliquis effectus poterat fieri circa animalia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2545 virtute angelica, qui non poterat fieri potestate humana; scilicet
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2546 quod statim omnia animalia congregarentur.</p><p title="I q. 96 a. 1 ad 2"><a name="32523"><span class="ref">[32523] Iª q. 96 a. 1 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2547 dicendum quod quidam dicunt quod animalia quae nunc sunt ferocia et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2548 occidunt alia animalia, in statu illo fuissent mansueta non solum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2549 circa hominem, sed etiam circa alia animalia. Sed hoc est omnino
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2550 irrationabile. Non enim per peccatum hominis natura animalium est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2551 mutata, ut quibus nunc naturale est comedere aliorum animalium
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2552 carnes, tunc vixissent de herbis, sicut leones et falcones. Nec
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2553 Glossa Bedae dicit, Gen. I, quod ligna et herbae datae sunt omnibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2554 animalibus et avibus in cibum, sed quibusdam. Fuisset ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2555 naturalis discordia inter quaedam animalia. Nec tamen propter hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2556 subtraherentur dominio hominis; sicut nec nunc propter hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2557 subtrahuntur dominio Dei, cuius providentia hoc totum dispensatur.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2558 Et huius providentiae homo executor fuisset, ut etiam nunc apparet
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2559 in animalibus domesticis, ministrantur enim falconibus domesticis
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2560 per homines gallinae in cibum.</p><p title="I q. 96 a. 1 ad 3"><a name="32524"><span class="ref">[32524] Iª q. 96 a. 1 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2561 dicendum quod homines in statu innocentiae non indigebant
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2562 animalibus ad necessitatem corporalem, neque ad tegumentum, quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2563 nudi erant, et non erubescebant, nullo instante inordinatae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2564 concupiscentiae motu; neque ad cibum, quia lignis Paradisi
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2565 vescebantur; neque ad vehiculum, propter corporis robur. Indigebant
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2566 tamen eis ad experimentalem cognitionem sumendam de naturis eorum.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2567 Quod significatum est per hoc, quod Deus ad eum animalia adduxit,
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2568 ut eis nomina imponeret, quae eorum naturas designant.</p><p title="I q. 96 a. 1 ad 4"><a name="32525"><span class="ref">[32525] Iª q. 96 a. 1 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2569 dicendum quod alia animalia habent quandam participationem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2570 prudentiae et rationis secundum aestimationem naturalem; ex qua
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2571 contingit quod grues sequuntur ducem, et apes obediunt regi. Et sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2572 tunc omnia animalia per seipsa homini obedivissent, sicut nunc
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2573 quaedam domestica ei obediunt.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 2</h3><p title="I q. 96 a. 2 arg. 1"><a name="32526"><span class="ref">[32526] Iª q. 96 a. 2 arg. 1</span></a> Ad secundum sic
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2574 proceditur. Videtur quod homo non habuisset dominium super omnes
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2575 alias creaturas. Angelus enim naturaliter est maioris potestatis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2576 quam homo. Sed, sicut dicit Augustinus III de Trin., <i>materia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2577 corporalis non obedivisset ad nutum etiam sanctis Angelis</i>. Ergo
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2578 multo minus homini in statu innocentiae.</p><p title="I q. 96 a. 2 arg. 2"><a name="32527"><span class="ref">[32527] Iª q. 96 a. 2 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea, in
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2579 plantis non sunt de viribus animae nisi nutritiva et augmentativa
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2580 et generativa. Hae autem non sunt natae obedire rationi; ut in uno
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2581 et eodem homine apparet. Ergo, cum dominium competat homini
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2582 secundum rationem, videtur quod plantis homo in statu innocentiae
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2583 non dominaretur.</p><p title="I q. 96 a. 2 arg. 3"><a name="32528"><span class="ref">[32528] Iª q. 96 a. 2 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2584 quicumque dominatur alicui rei, potest illam rem mutare. Sed homo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2585 non potuisset mutare cursum caelestium corporum, hoc enim solius
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2586 Dei est, ut Dionysius dicit in epistola ad Polycarpum. Ergo non
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2587 dominabatur eis.</p><p title="I q. 96 a. 2 s. c."><a name="32529"><span class="ref">[32529] Iª q. 96 a. 2 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2588 quod dicitur Gen. I, de homine, <i>praesit universae
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2589 creaturae</i>.</p><p title="I q. 96 a. 2 co."><a name="32530"><span class="ref">[32530] Iª q. 96 a. 2 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2590 quod in homine quodammodo sunt omnia, et ideo secundum modum quo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2591 dominatur his quae in seipso sunt, secundum hunc modum competit ei
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2592 dominari aliis. Est autem in homine quatuor considerare, scilicet
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2593 rationem, secundum quam convenit cum Angelis; vires sensitivas,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2594 secundum quas convenit cum animalibus; vires naturales, secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2595 quas convenit cum plantis; et ipsum corpus, secundum quod convenit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2596 cum rebus inanimatis. Ratio autem in homine habet locum dominantis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2597 et non subiecti dominio. Unde homo Angelis non dominabatur in primo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2598 statu, et quod dicitur omni creaturae, intelligitur quae non est ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2599 imaginem Dei. Viribus autem sensitivis, sicut irascibili et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2600 concupiscibili, quae aliqualiter obediunt rationi, dominatur anima
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2601 imperando. Unde et in statu innocentiae animalibus aliis per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2602 imperium dominabatur. Viribus autem naturalibus, et ipsi corpori,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2603 homo dominatur non quidem imperando, sed utendo. Et sic etiam homo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2604 in statu innocentiae dominabatur plantis et rebus inanimatis, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2605 per imperium vel immutationem, sed absque impedimento utendo eorum
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2606 auxilio.</p><p title="I q. 96 a. 2 ad arg."><a name="32531"><span class="ref">[32531] Iª q. 96 a. 2 ad arg.</span></a> Et per hoc
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2607 patet responsio ad obiecta.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 3</h3><p title="I q. 96 a. 3 arg. 1"><a name="32532"><span class="ref">[32532] Iª q. 96 a. 3 arg. 1</span></a> Ad tertium sic
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2608 proceditur. Videtur quod homines in statu innocentiae omnes
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2609 fuissent aequales. Dicit enim Gregorius quod, <i>ubi non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2610 delinquimus, omnes pares sumus</i>. Sed in statu innocentiae non
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2611 erat delictum. Ergo omnes erant pares.</p><p title="I q. 96 a. 3 arg. 2"><a name="32533"><span class="ref">[32533] Iª q. 96 a. 3 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2612 similitudo et aequalitas est ratio mutuae dilectionis; secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2613 illud Eccli. XIII, <i>omne animal diligit sibi simile, sic et omnis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2614 homo proximum sibi</i>. In illo autem statu inter homines abundabat
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2615 dilectio, quae est vinculum pacis. Ergo omnes fuissent pares in
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2616 statu innocentiae.</p><p title="I q. 96 a. 3 arg. 3"><a name="32534"><span class="ref">[32534] Iª q. 96 a. 3 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2617 cessante causa, cessat effectus. Sed causa inaequalitatis inter
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2618 homines videtur nunc esse, ex parte quidem Dei, quod quosdam pro
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2619 meritis praemiat, quosdam vero punit, ex parte vero naturae, quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2620 propter naturae defectum quidam nascuntur debiles et orbati, quidam
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2621 autem fortes et perfecti. Quae in primo statu non fuissent.</p><p title="I q. 96 a. 3 s. c."><a name="32535"><span class="ref">[32535] Iª q. 96 a. 3 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2622 quod dicitur Rom. XIII, <i>quae a Deo sunt, ordinata sunt</i>. Ordo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2623 autem maxime videtur in disparitate consistere, dicit enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2624 Augustinus, XIX de Civ. Dei, <i>ordo est parium dispariumque rerum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2625 sua cuique loca tribuens dispositio</i>. Ergo in primo statu, qui
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2626 decentissimus fuisset, disparitas inveniretur.</p><p title="I q. 96 a. 3 co."><a name="32536"><span class="ref">[32536] Iª q. 96 a. 3 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2627 quod necesse est dicere aliquam disparitatem in primo statu fuisse,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2628 ad minus quantum ad sexum, quia sine diversitate sexus, generatio
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2629 non fuisset. Similiter etiam quantum ad aetatem, sic enim quidam ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2630 aliis nascebantur; nec illi qui miscebantur, steriles erant. Sed et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2631 secundum animam diversitas fuisset, et quantum ad iustitiam et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2632 quantum ad scientiam. Non enim ex necessitate homo operabatur, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2633 per liberum arbitrium; ex quo homo habet quod possit magis et minus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2634 animum applicare ad aliquid faciendum vel volendum vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2635 cognoscendum. Unde quidam magis profecissent in iustitia et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2636 scientia quam alii. Ex parte etiam corporis, poterat esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2637 disparitas. Non enim erat exemptum corpus humanum totaliter a
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2638 legibus naturae, quin ex exterioribus agentibus aliquod commodum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2639 aut auxilium reciperet magis et minus, cum etiam et cibis eorum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2640 vita sustentaretur. Et sic nihil prohibet dicere quin secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2641 diversam dispositionem aeris et diversum situm stellarum, aliqui
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2642 robustiores corpore generarentur quam alii, et maiores et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2643 pulchriores et melius complexionati. Ita tamen quod in illis qui
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2644 excederentur, nullus esset defectus sive peccatum, sive circa
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2645 animam sive circa corpus.</p><p title="I q. 96 a. 3 ad 1"><a name="32537"><span class="ref">[32537] Iª q. 96 a. 3 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2646 dicendum quod Gregorius per verba illa intendit excludere
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2647 disparitatem quae est secundum differentiam iustitiae et peccati;
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2648 ex qua contingit quod aliqui poenaliter sunt sub aliis
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2649 coercendi.</p><p title="I q. 96 a. 3 ad 2"><a name="32538"><span class="ref">[32538] Iª q. 96 a. 3 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2650 dicendum quod aequalitas est causa quod dilectio mutua sit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2651 aequalis. Sed tamen inter inaequales potest esse maior dilectio
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2652 quam inter aequales, licet non aequaliter utrinque respondeat.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2653 Pater enim plus diligit filium naturaliter, quam frater fratrem;
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2654 licet filius non tantundem diligat patrem, sicut ab eo
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2655 diligitur.</p><p title="I q. 96 a. 3 ad 3"><a name="32539"><span class="ref">[32539] Iª q. 96 a. 3 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2656 dicendum quod causa disparitatis poterat esse et ex parte Dei, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2657 quidem ut puniret quosdam et quosdam praemiaret; sed ut quosdam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2658 plus, quosdam minus sublimaret, ut pulchritudo ordinis magis in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2659 hominibus reluceret. Et etiam ex parte naturae poterat disparitas
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2660 causari secundum praedictum modum, absque aliquo defectu
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2661 naturae.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 4</h3><p title="I q. 96 a. 4 arg. 1"><a name="32540"><span class="ref">[32540] Iª q. 96 a. 4 arg. 1</span></a> Ad quartum sic
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2662 proceditur. Videtur quod homo in statu innocentiae homini non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2663 dominabatur. Dicit enim Augustinus, XIX de Civ. Dei, <i>hominem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2664 rationalem, ad imaginem suam factum, non voluit Deus nisi
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2665 irrationabilibus dominari; non hominem homini, sed hominem
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2666 pecori</i>.</p><p title="I q. 96 a. 4 arg. 2"><a name="32541"><span class="ref">[32541] Iª q. 96 a. 4 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea, illud
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2667 quod est introductum in poenam peccati, non fuisset in statu
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2668 innocentiae. Sed hominem subesse homini, introductum est in poenam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2669 peccati, dictum est enim mulieri post peccatum, sub potestate viri
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2670 eris, ut dicitur Gen. III. Ergo in statu innocentiae non erat homo
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2671 homini subiectus.</p><p title="I q. 96 a. 4 arg. 3"><a name="32542"><span class="ref">[32542] Iª q. 96 a. 4 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2672 subiectio libertati opponitur. Sed libertas est unum de praecipuis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2673 bonis, quod in statu innocentiae non defuisset, quando nihil aberat
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2674 quod bona voluntas cupere posset, ut Augustinus dicit XIV de Civ.
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2675 Dei. Ergo homo homini in statu innocentiae non dominabatur.</p><p title="I q. 96 a. 4 s. c."><a name="32543"><span class="ref">[32543] Iª q. 96 a. 4 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2676 conditio hominum in statu innocentiae non erat dignior quam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2677 conditio Angelorum. Sed inter Angelos quidam aliis dominantur, unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2678 et unus ordo dominationum vocatur. Ergo non est contra dignitatem
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2679 status innocentiae, quod homo homini dominaretur.</p><p title="I q. 96 a. 4 co."><a name="32544"><span class="ref">[32544] Iª q. 96 a. 4 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2680 quod dominium accipitur dupliciter. Uno modo, secundum quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2681 opponitur servituti, et sic dominus dicitur cui aliquis subditur ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2682 servus. Alio modo accipitur dominium, secundum quod communiter
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2683 refertur ad subiectum qualitercumque, et sic etiam ille qui habet
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2684 officium gubernandi et dirigendi liberos, dominus dici potest.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2685 Primo ergo modo accepto dominio, in statu innocentiae homo homini
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2686 non dominaretur, sed secundo modo accepto dominio, in statu
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2687 innocentiae homo homini dominari potuisset. Cuius ratio est, quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2688 servus in hoc differt a libero, quod liber est causa sui, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2689 dicitur in principio Metaphys.; servus autem ordinatur ad alium.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2690 Tunc ergo aliquis dominatur alicui ut servo, quando eum cui
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2691 dominatur ad propriam utilitatem sui, scilicet dominantis, refert.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2692 Et quia unicuique est appetibile proprium bonum, et per consequens
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2693 contristabile est unicuique quod illud bonum quod deberet esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2694 suum, cedat alteri tantum; ideo tale dominium non potest esse sine
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2695 poena subiectorum. Propter quod, in statu innocentiae non fuisset
86
dd8a8c8eb56d completed FP_ix
ht
parents: 59
diff changeset
2696 tale dominium hominis ad hominem.</p><p> Tunc vero dominatur aliquis
28
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2697 alteri ut libero, quando dirigit ipsum ad proprium bonum eius qui
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2698 dirigitur, vel ad bonum commune. Et tale dominium hominis, ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2699 hominem in statu innocentiae fuisset, propter duo. Primo quidem,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2700 quia homo naturaliter est animal sociale, unde homines in statu
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2701 innocentiae socialiter vixissent. Socialis autem vita multorum esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2702 non posset, nisi aliquis praesideret, qui ad bonum commune
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2703 intenderet, multi enim per se intendunt ad multa, unus vero ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2704 unum. Et ideo philosophus dicit, in principio Politic., quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2705 quandocumque multa ordinantur ad unum, semper invenitur unum ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2706 principale et dirigens. Secundo quia, si unus homo habuisset super
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2707 alium supereminentiam scientiae et iustitiae, inconveniens fuisset
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2708 nisi hoc exequeretur in utilitatem aliorum; secundum quod dicitur I
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2709 Petr. IV, <i>unusquisque gratiam quam accepit, in alterutrum illam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2710 administrantes</i>. Unde Augustinus dicit, XIX de Civ. Dei, quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2711 <i>iusti non dominandi cupiditate imperant, sed officio consulendi,
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2712 hoc naturalis ordo praescribit, ita Deus hominem condidit</i>.</p><p title="I q. 96 a. 4 ad arg."><a name="32545"><span class="ref">[32545] Iª q. 96 a. 4 ad arg.</span></a> Et per hoc
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2713 patet responsio ad omnia obiecta, quae procedunt de primo modo
59
03759e5c1080 fix multi-para s.c.
ht
parents: 53
diff changeset
2714 dominii.</p></div></div><div id="q97" class="q"><h2>Quaestio 97</h2><div class="p"><h3>Prooemium</h3><p title="I q. 97 pr."><a name="32546"><span class="ref">[32546]
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2715 Iª q. 97 pr.</span></a> Deinde considerandum est de his quae
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2716 pertinent ad statum primi hominis secundum corpus. Et primo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2717 quantum ad conservationem individui; secundo, quantum ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2718 conservationem speciei. Circa primum quaeruntur quatuor. Primo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2719 utrum homo in statu innocentiae esset immortalis. Secundo, utrum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2720 esset impassibilis. Tertio, utrum indigeret cibis. Quarto, utrum
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2721 per lignum vitae immortalitatem consequeretur.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 1</h3><p title="I q. 97 a. 1 arg. 1"><a name="32547"><span class="ref">[32547] Iª q. 97 a. 1 arg. 1</span></a> Ad primum sic
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2722 proceditur. Videtur quod homo in statu innocentiae non erat
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2723 immortalis. Mortale enim ponitur in definitione hominis. Sed remota
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2724 definitione, aufertur definitum. Ergo si homo erat, non poterat
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2725 esse immortalis.</p><p title="I q. 97 a. 1 arg. 2"><a name="32548"><span class="ref">[32548] Iª q. 97 a. 1 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2726 corruptibile et incorruptibile genere differunt, ut dicitur in X
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2727 Metaphys. Sed eorum quae differunt genere, non est transmutatio in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2728 invicem. Si ergo primus homo fuit incorruptibilis, non posset homo
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2729 in statu isto esse corruptibilis.</p><p title="I q. 97 a. 1 arg. 3"><a name="32549"><span class="ref">[32549] Iª q. 97 a. 1 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea, si
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2730 homo in statu innocentiae fuit immortalis, aut hoc habuit per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2731 naturam, aut per gratiam. Sed non per naturam, quia, cum natura
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2732 eadem maneat secundum speciem, nunc quoque esset immortalis.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2733 Similiter nec per gratiam, quia primus homo gratiam per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2734 poenitentiam recuperavit, secundum illud Sap. X, <i>eduxit illum a
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2735 delicto suo</i>; ergo immortalitatem recuperasset; quod patet esse
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2736 falsum. Non ergo homo erat immortalis in statu innocentiae.</p><p title="I q. 97 a. 1 arg. 4"><a name="32550"><span class="ref">[32550] Iª q. 97 a. 1 arg. 4</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2737 immortalitas promittitur homini in praemium; secundum illud Apoc.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2738 XXI, <i>mors ultra non erit</i>. Sed homo non fuit conditus in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2739 statu praemii, sed ut praemium mereretur. Ergo homo in statu
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2740 innocentiae non fuit immortalis.</p><p title="I q. 97 a. 1 s. c."><a name="32551"><span class="ref">[32551] Iª q. 97 a. 1 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2741 quod dicitur ad Rom. V, quod <i>per peccatum intravit mors in
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2742 mundum</i>. Ergo ante peccatum homo erat immortalis.</p><p title="I q. 97 a. 1 co."><a name="32552"><span class="ref">[32552] Iª q. 97 a. 1 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2743 quod aliquid potest dici incorruptibile tripliciter. Uno modo, ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2744 parte materiae, eo scilicet quod vel non habet materiam, sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2745 Angelus; vel habet materiam quae non est in potentia nisi ad unam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2746 formam, sicut corpus caeleste. Et hoc dicitur secundum naturam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2747 incorruptibile. Alio modo dicitur aliquid incorruptibile ex parte
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2748 formae, quia scilicet rei corruptibili per naturam, inhaeret aliqua
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2749 dispositio per quam totaliter a corruptione prohibetur. Et hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2750 dicitur incorruptibile secundum gloriam, quia, ut dicit Augustinus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2751 in epistola ad Dioscorum, <i>tam potenti natura Deus fecit animam,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2752 ut ex eius beatitudine redundet in corpus plenitudo sanitatis</i>,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2753 idest incorruptionis vigor. Tertio modo dicitur aliquid
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2754 incorruptibile ex parte causae efficientis. Et hoc modo homo in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2755 statu innocentiae fuisset incorruptibilis et immortalis. Quia, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2756 Augustinus dicit in libro de quaest. Vet. et Nov. Test., <i>Deus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2757 hominem fecit, qui quandiu non peccaret, immortalitate vigeret, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2758 ipse sibi auctor esset aut ad vitam aut ad mortem</i>. Non enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2759 corpus eius erat indissolubile per aliquem immortalitatis vigorem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2760 in eo existentem; sed inerat animae vis quaedam supernaturaliter
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2761 divinitus data, per quam poterat corpus ab omni corruptione
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2762 praeservare, quandiu ipsa Deo subiecta mansisset. Quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2763 rationabiliter factum est. Quia enim anima rationalis excedit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2764 proportionem corporalis materiae, ut supra dictum est. Conveniens
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2765 fuit ut in principio ei virtus daretur, per quam corpus conservare
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2766 posset supra naturam corporalis materiae.</p><p title="I q. 97 a. 1 ad 1"><a name="32553"><span class="ref">[32553] Iª q. 97 a. 1 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo et
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2767 secundum dicendum quod rationes illae procedunt de incorruptibili
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2768 et immortali per naturam.</p><p title="I q. 97 a. 1 ad 3"><a name="32554"><span class="ref">[32554] Iª q. 97 a. 1 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2769 dicendum quod vis illa praeservandi corpus a corruptione, non erat
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2770 animae humanae naturalis, sed per donum gratiae. Et quamvis gratiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2771 recuperaverit ad remissionem culpae et meritum gloriae, non tamen
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2772 ad amissae immortalitatis effectum. Hoc enim reservabatur Christo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2773 per quem naturae defectus in melius reparandus erat, ut infra
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2774 dicetur.</p><p title="I q. 97 a. 1 ad 4"><a name="32555"><span class="ref">[32555] Iª q. 97 a. 1 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2775 dicendum quod differt immortalitas gloriae, quae promittitur in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2776 praemium, ab immortalitate quae fuit homini collata in statu
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2777 innocentiae.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 2</h3><p title="I q. 97 a. 2 arg. 1"><a name="32556"><span class="ref">[32556] Iª q. 97 a. 2 arg. 1</span></a> Ad secundum sic
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2778 proceditur. Videtur quod homo in statu innocentiae fuisset
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2779 passibilis. Sentire enim est pati quoddam. Sed homo in statu
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2780 innocentiae fuisset sensibilis. Ergo fuisset passibilis.</p><p title="I q. 97 a. 2 arg. 2"><a name="32557"><span class="ref">[32557] Iª q. 97 a. 2 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2781 somnus passio quaedam est. Sed homo in statu innocentiae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2782 dormivisset; secundum illud Gen. II, <i>immisit Deus soporem in
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2783 Adam</i>. Ergo fuisset passibilis.</p><p title="I q. 97 a. 2 arg. 3"><a name="32558"><span class="ref">[32558] Iª q. 97 a. 2 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2784 ibidem subditur quod tulit unam de costis eius. Ergo fuisset
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2785 passibilis etiam per abscissionem partis.</p><p title="I q. 97 a. 2 arg. 4"><a name="32559"><span class="ref">[32559] Iª q. 97 a. 2 arg. 4</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2786 corpus hominis molle fuit. Sed molle naturaliter passivum est a
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2787 duro. Ergo si corpori primi hominis obvium fuisset aliquod corpus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2788 durum, ab eo passum fuisset. Et sic primus homo fuit
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2789 passibilis.</p><p title="I q. 97 a. 2 s. c."><a name="32560"><span class="ref">[32560] Iª q. 97 a. 2 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2790 quia, si fuit passibilis, fuit etiam corruptibilis, quia passio,
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2791 magis facta, abiicit a substantia.</p><p title="I q. 97 a. 2 co."><a name="32561"><span class="ref">[32561] Iª q. 97 a. 2 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2792 quod passio dupliciter dicitur. Uno modo, proprie, et sic pati
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2793 dicitur quod a sua naturali dispositione removetur. Passio enim est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2794 effectus actionis, in rebus autem naturalibus contraria agunt et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2795 patiuntur ad invicem, quorum unum removet alterum a sua naturali
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2796 dispositione. Alio modo, dicitur passio communiter, secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2797 quamcumque mutationem, etiam si pertineat ad perfectionem naturae;
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2798 sicut intelligere vel sentire dicitur pati quoddam. Hoc igitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2799 secundo modo, homo in statu innocentiae passibilis erat, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2800 patiebatur, et secundum animam et secundum corpus. Primo autem modo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2801 dicta passione, erat impassibilis et secundum animam et secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2802 corpus, sicut et immortalis, poterat enim passionem prohibere,
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2803 sicut et mortem, si absque peccato perstitisset.</p><p title="I q. 97 a. 2 ad 1"><a name="32562"><span class="ref">[32562] Iª q. 97 a. 2 ad 1</span></a> Et per hoc patet
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2804 responsio ad duo prima. Nam sentire et dormire non removent hominem
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2805 a naturali dispositione, sed ad bonum naturae ordinantur.</p><p title="I q. 97 a. 2 ad 3"><a name="32563"><span class="ref">[32563] Iª q. 97 a. 2 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2806 dicendum quod, sicut supra dictum est, costa illa fuit in Adam,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2807 inquantum erat principium humani generis; sicut semen est in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2808 homine, inquantum est principium per generationem. Sicut igitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2809 decisio seminis non est cum passione quae removeat hominem a
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2810 naturali dispositione, ita etiam est dicendum de separatione illius
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2811 costae.</p><p title="I q. 97 a. 2 ad 4"><a name="32564"><span class="ref">[32564] Iª q. 97 a. 2 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2812 dicendum quod corpus hominis in statu innocentiae poterat
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2813 praeservari ne pateretur laesionem ab aliquo duro, partim quidem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2814 per propriam rationem, per quam poterat nociva vitare; partim etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2815 per divinam providentiam, quae sic ipsum tuebatur, ut nihil ei
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2816 occurreret ex improviso, a quo laederetur.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 3</h3><p title="I q. 97 a. 3 arg. 1"><a name="32565"><span class="ref">[32565] Iª q. 97 a. 3 arg. 1</span></a> Ad tertium sic
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2817 proceditur. Videtur quod homo in statu innocentiae non indigebat
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2818 cibis. Cibus enim necessarius est homini ad restaurationem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2819 deperditi. Sed in corpore Adae, ut videtur, nulla fiebat
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2820 deperditio, quia incorruptibile erat. Ergo non erat ei cibus
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2821 necessarius.</p><p title="I q. 97 a. 3 arg. 2"><a name="32566"><span class="ref">[32566] Iª q. 97 a. 3 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea, cibus
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2822 est necessarius ad nutriendum. Sed nutritio non est sine passione.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2823 Cum ergo corpus hominis esset impassibile, non erat ei cibus
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2824 necessarius, ut videtur.</p><p title="I q. 97 a. 3 arg. 3"><a name="32567"><span class="ref">[32567] Iª q. 97 a. 3 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea, cibus
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2825 dicitur esse nobis necessarius ad vitae conservationem. Sed Adam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2826 aliter vitam poterat conservare, quia si non peccaret, non
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2827 moreretur. Ergo cibus non erat ei necessarius.</p><p title="I q. 97 a. 3 arg. 4"><a name="32568"><span class="ref">[32568] Iª q. 97 a. 3 arg. 4</span></a> Praeterea, ad
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2828 sumptionem cibi sequitur emissio superfluitatum, quae habent
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2829 quandam turpitudinem non convenientem dignitati primi status. Ergo
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2830 videtur quod homo in primo statu cibis non uteretur.</p><p title="I q. 97 a. 3 s. c."><a name="32569"><span class="ref">[32569] Iª q. 97 a. 3 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2831 quod dicitur Gen. II, <i>de omni ligno quod est in Paradiso,
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2832 comedetis</i>.</p><p title="I q. 97 a. 3 co."><a name="32570"><span class="ref">[32570] Iª q. 97 a. 3 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2833 quod homo in statu innocentiae habuit vitam animalem cibis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2834 indigentem; post resurrectionem vero habebit vitam spiritualem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2835 cibis non indigentem. Ad cuius evidentiam, considerandum est quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2836 anima rationalis et anima est et spiritus. Dicitur autem esse anima
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2837 secundum illud quod est sibi commune et aliis animabus, quod est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2838 vitam corpori dare, unde dicitur Gen. II, <i>factus est homo in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2839 animam viventem</i>, idest vitam corpori dantem. Sed spiritus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2840 dicitur secundum illud quod est proprium sibi et non aliis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2841 animabus, quod scilicet habeat virtutem intellectivam immaterialem.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2842 In primo igitur statu anima rationalis communicabat corpori id quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2843 competit ei inquantum est anima, et ideo corpus illud dicebatur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2844 animale, inquantum scilicet habebat vitam ab anima. Primum autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2845 principium vitae in istis inferioribus, ut dicitur in libro de
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2846 anima, est anima vegetabilis, cuius opera sunt alimento uti et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2847 generare et augeri. Et ideo haec opera homini in primo statu
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2848 competebant. In ultimo vero statu post resurrectionem, anima
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2849 communicabit quodammodo corpori ea quae sunt sibi propria inquantum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2850 est spiritus, immortalitatem quidem, quantum ad omnes;
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2851 impassibilitatem vero et gloriam et virtutem, quantum ad bonos,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2852 quorum corpora spiritualia dicentur. Unde post resurrectionem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2853 homines cibis non indigebunt, sed in statu innocentiae eis
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2854 indigebant.</p><p title="I q. 97 a. 3 ad 1"><a name="32571"><span class="ref">[32571] Iª q. 97 a. 3 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2855 dicendum quod, sicut dicit Augustinus in libro de quaest. Vet. et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2856 Nov. Test., <i>quomodo immortale corpus habebat, quod cibo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2857 sustentabatur? Immortale enim non eget esca neque potu</i>. Dictum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2858 est enim supra quod immortalitas primi status erat secundum vim
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2859 quandam supernaturalem in anima residentem; non autem secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2860 aliquam dispositionem corpori inhaerentem. Unde per actionem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2861 caloris aliquid de humido illius corporis poterat deperdi; et ne
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2862 totaliter consumeretur, necesse erat per assumptionem cibi homini
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2863 subveniri.</p><p title="I q. 97 a. 3 ad 2"><a name="32572"><span class="ref">[32572] Iª q. 97 a. 3 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2864 dicendum quod in nutritione est quaedam passio et alteratio,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2865 scilicet ex parte alimenti, quod convertitur in substantiam eius
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2866 quod alitur. Unde ex hoc non potest concludi quod corpus hominis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2867 fuerit passibile, sed quod cibus assumptus erat passibilis. Quamvis
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2868 etiam talis passio esset ad perfectionem naturae.</p><p title="I q. 97 a. 3 ad 3"><a name="32573"><span class="ref">[32573] Iª q. 97 a. 3 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2869 dicendum quod, si homo sibi non subveniret de cibo, peccaret; sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2870 peccavit sumendo vetitum cibum. Simul enim sibi praeceptum fuit ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2871 a ligno scientiae boni et mali abstineret, et ut de omni alio ligno
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2872 Paradisi vesceretur.</p><p title="I q. 97 a. 3 ad 4"><a name="32574"><span class="ref">[32574] Iª q. 97 a. 3 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2873 dicendum quod quidam dicunt quod homo in statu innocentiae non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2874 assumpsisset de cibo nisi quantum fuisset ei necessarium, unde non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2875 fuisset ibi superfluitatum emissio. Sed hoc irrationabile videtur,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2876 quod in cibo assumpto non esset aliqua faeculentia, quae non esset
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2877 apta ut converteretur in hominis nutrimentum. Unde oportebat
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2878 superfluitates emitti. Tamen fuisset divinitus provisum ut nulla ex
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2879 hoc indecentia esset.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 4</h3><p title="I q. 97 a. 4 arg. 1"><a name="32575"><span class="ref">[32575] Iª q. 97 a. 4 arg. 1</span></a> Ad quartum sic
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2880 proceditur. Videtur quod lignum vitae non poterat esse causa
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2881 immortalitatis. Nihil enim potest agere ultra suam speciem,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2882 effectus enim non excedit causam. Sed lignum vitae erat
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2883 corruptibile, alioquin non potuisset in nutrimentum assumi, quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2884 alimentum convertitur in substantiam nutriti, ut dictum est. Ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2885 lignum vitae incorruptibilitatem seu immortalitatem conferre non
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2886 poterat.</p><p title="I q. 97 a. 4 arg. 2"><a name="32576"><span class="ref">[32576] Iª q. 97 a. 4 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2887 effectus qui causantur a virtutibus plantarum et aliarum naturalium
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2888 rerum, sunt naturales. Si ergo lignum vitae immortalitatem
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2889 causasset, fuisset illa immortalitas naturalis.</p><p title="I q. 97 a. 4 arg. 3"><a name="32577"><span class="ref">[32577] Iª q. 97 a. 4 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea, hoc
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2890 videtur redire in fabulas antiquorum, qui dixerunt quod dii qui
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2891 comedebant de quodam cibo, facti sunt immortales, quos irridet
59
03759e5c1080 fix multi-para s.c.
ht
parents: 53
diff changeset
2892 philosophus in III Metaphys.</p><div class="sc"><p title="I q. 97 a. 4 s. c. 1"><a name="32578"><span class="ref">[32578] Iª q. 97 a. 4 s. c. 1</span></a> Sed contra est
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2893 quod dicitur Gen. III, <i>ne forte mittat manum suam et sumat de
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2894 ligno vitae, et comedat et vivat in aeternum</i>.</p><p title="I q. 97 a. 4 s. c. 2"><a name="32579"><span class="ref">[32579] Iª q. 97 a. 4 s. c. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2895 Augustinus in libro de quaest. Vet. et Nov. Test., dicit, <i>gustus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2896 arboris vitae corruptionem corporis inhibebat, denique etiam post
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2897 peccatum potuit insolubilis manere, si permissum esset illi edere
59
03759e5c1080 fix multi-para s.c.
ht
parents: 53
diff changeset
2898 de arbore vitae</i>.</p></div><p title="I q. 97 a. 4 co."><a name="32580"><span class="ref">[32580] Iª q. 97 a. 4 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2899 quod lignum vitae quodammodo immortalitatem causabat, non autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2900 simpliciter. Ad cuius evidentiam, considerandum est quod duo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2901 remedia ad conservationem vitae habebat homo in primo statu, contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2902 duos defectus. Primus enim defectus est deperditio humidi per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2903 actionem caloris naturalis, qui est animae instrumentum. Et contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2904 hunc defectum subveniebatur homini per esum aliorum lignorum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2905 Paradisi, sicut et nunc subvenitur nobis, per cibos quos sumimus.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2906 Secundus autem defectus est quia, ut philosophus dicit I de
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2907 Generat., illud quod generatur ex aliquo extraneo, adiunctum ei
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2908 quod prius erat humido praeexistenti, imminuit virtutem activam
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2909 speciei, sicut aqua adiuncta vino, primo quidem convertitur in
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2910 saporem vini, sed secundum quod magis et magis additur, diminuit
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2911 vini fortitudinem, et tandem vinum fit aquosum. Sic igitur videmus
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2912 quod in principio virtus activa speciei est adeo fortis, quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2913 potest convertere de alimento non solum quod sufficit ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2914 restaurationem deperditi, sed etiam quod sufficit ad augmentum.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2915 Postmodum vero quod aggeneratur non sufficit ad augmentum, sed
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2916 solum ad restaurationem deperditi. Tandem vero, in statu
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2917 senectutis, nec ad hoc sufficit, unde sequitur decrementum, et
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2918 finaliter naturalis dissolutio corporis. Et contra hunc defectum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2919 subveniebatur homini per lignum vitae, habebat enim virtutem
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2920 fortificandi virtutem speciei contra debilitatem provenientem ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2921 admixtione extranei. Unde Augustinus dicit, in XIV de Civ. Dei,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2922 quod <i>cibus aderat homini ne esuriret, potus ne sitiret, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2923 lignum vitae ne senectus eum dissolveret</i>. Et in libro de
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2924 quaest. Vet. et Nov. Test., dicit quod <i>vitae arbor medicinae
86
dd8a8c8eb56d completed FP_ix
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parents: 59
diff changeset
2925 modo corruptionem hominum prohibebat</i>.</p><p> Non tamen simpliciter
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2926 immortalitatem causabat. Quia neque virtus quae inerat animae ad
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2927 conservandum corpus, causabatur ex ligno vitae, neque etiam poterat
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2928 immortalitatis dispositionem corpori praestare, ut nunquam dissolvi
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2929 posset. Quod ex hoc patet, quia virtus cuiuscumque corporis est
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2930 finita. Unde non poterat virtus ligni vitae ad hoc se extendere ut
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2931 daret corpori virtutem Durandi tempore infinito, sed usque ad
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2932 determinatum tempus. Manifestum est enim quod, quanto aliqua virtus
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2933 est maior, tanto imprimit durabiliorem effectum. Unde cum virtus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2934 ligni vitae esset finita, semel sumptum praeservabat a corruptione
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2935 usque ad determinatum tempus; quo finito, vel homo translatus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2936 fuisset ad spiritualem vitam, vel indiguisset iterum sumere de
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
2937 ligno vitae.</p><p title="I q. 97 a. 4 ad 1"><a name="32581"><span class="ref">[32581] Iª q. 97 a. 4 ad 1</span></a> Et per hoc patet
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2938 responsio ab obiecta. Nam primae rationes concludunt quod non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2939 causabat incorruptibilitatem simpliciter. Aliae vero concludunt
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2940 quod causabat incorruptibilitatem impediendo corruptionem, secundum
59
03759e5c1080 fix multi-para s.c.
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parents: 53
diff changeset
2941 modum praedictum.</p></div></div><div id="q98" class="q"><h2>Quaestio 98</h2><div class="p"><h3>Prooemium</h3><p title="I q. 98 pr."><a name="32582"><span class="ref">[32582]
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
2942 Iª q. 98 pr.</span></a> Deinde considerandum est de his quae
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2943 pertinent ad conservationem speciei. Et primo, de ipsa generatione;
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2944 secundo, de conditione prolis genitae. Circa primum quaeruntur duo.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2945 Primo, utrum in statu innocentiae fuisset generatio. Secundo, utrum
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
2946 fuisset generatio per coitum.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 1</h3><p title="I q. 98 a. 1 arg. 1"><a name="32583"><span class="ref">[32583] Iª q. 98 a. 1 arg. 1</span></a> Ad primum sic
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2947 proceditur. Videtur quod in statu innocentiae non fuisset
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2948 generatio. Generationi enim corruptio est contraria, ut dicitur in
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2949 V Physic. Contraria autem sunt circa idem. In statu autem
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
2950 innocentiae non fuisset corruptio. Ergo neque generatio.</p><p title="I q. 98 a. 1 arg. 2"><a name="32584"><span class="ref">[32584] Iª q. 98 a. 1 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2951 generatio ordinatur ad hoc quod conservetur in specie quod secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2952 individuum conservari non potest, unde et in illis individuis quae
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2953 in perpetuum durant, generatio non invenitur. Sed in statu
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2954 innocentiae homo in perpetuum absque morte vixisset. Ergo in statu
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
2955 innocentiae generatio, non fuisset.</p><p title="I q. 98 a. 1 arg. 3"><a name="32585"><span class="ref">[32585] Iª q. 98 a. 1 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea, per
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2956 generationem homines multiplicantur. Sed multiplicatis dominis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2957 necesse est fieri possessionum divisionem, ad evitandam confusionem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2958 dominii. Ergo, cum homo sit institutus dominus animalium, facta
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2959 multiplicatione humani generis per generationem, secuta fuisset
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2960 divisio dominii. Quod videtur esse contrarium iuri naturali,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2961 secundum quod omnia sunt communia, ut Isidorus dicit. Non ergo
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
2962 fuisset generatio in statu innocentiae.</p><p title="I q. 98 a. 1 s. c."><a name="32586"><span class="ref">[32586] Iª q. 98 a. 1 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2963 quod dicitur Gen. I, <i>crescite et multiplicamini, et replete
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2964 terram</i>. Huiusmodi autem multiplicatio absque nova generatione
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2965 fieri non potuisset, cum duo tantum fuerint primitus instituti.
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2966 Ergo in primo statu generatio fuisset.</p><p title="I q. 98 a. 1 co."><a name="32587"><span class="ref">[32587] Iª q. 98 a. 1 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2967 quod in statu innocentiae fuisset generatio ad multiplicationem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2968 humani generis, alioquin peccatum hominis fuisset valde
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2969 necessarium, ex quo tantum bonum consecutum est. Est ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2970 considerandum quod homo, secundum suam naturam, est constitutus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2971 quasi medium quoddam inter creaturas corruptibiles et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2972 incorruptibiles, nam anima eius est naturaliter incorruptibilis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2973 corpus vero naturaliter corruptibile. Est autem considerandum quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2974 alio modo intentio naturae fertur ad corruptibiles, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2975 incorruptibiles creaturas. Id enim per se videtur esse de
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2976 intentione naturae, quod est semper et perpetuum. Quod autem est
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2977 solum secundum aliquod tempus, non videtur esse principaliter de
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2978 intentione naturae, sed quasi ad aliud ordinatum, alioquin, eo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2979 corrupto, naturae intentio cassaretur. Quia igitur in rebus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2980 corruptibilibus nihil est perpetuum et semper manens nisi species,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2981 bonum speciei est de principali intentione naturae, ad cuius
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2982 conservationem naturalis generatio ordinatur. Substantiae vero
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2983 incorruptibiles manent semper non solum secundum speciem, sed etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2984 secundum individua, et ideo etiam ipsa individua sunt de principali
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2985 intentione naturae. Sic igitur homini ex parte corporis, quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2986 corruptibile est secundum naturam suam, competit generatio. Ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2987 parte vero animae, quae incorruptibilis est, competit ei quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2988 multitudo individuorum sit per se intenta a natura, vel potius a
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2989 naturae auctore, qui solus est humanarum animarum creator. Et ideo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2990 ad multiplicationem humani generis, generationem in humano genere
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2991 statuit, etiam in statu innocentiae.</p><p title="I q. 98 a. 1 ad 1"><a name="32588"><span class="ref">[32588] Iª q. 98 a. 1 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2992 dicendum quod corpus hominis in statu innocentiae, quantum erat de
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2993 se, corruptibile erat, sed potuit praeservari a corruptione per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2994 animam. Et ideo non fuit homini subtrahenda generatio, quae debetur
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2995 corruptibilibus rebus.</p><p title="I q. 98 a. 1 ad 2"><a name="32589"><span class="ref">[32589] Iª q. 98 a. 1 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2996 dicendum quod generatio in statu innocentiae, etsi non fuisset
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2997 propter conservationem speciei, fuisset tamen propter
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2998 multiplicationem individuorum.</p><p title="I q. 98 a. 1 ad 3"><a name="32590"><span class="ref">[32590] Iª q. 98 a. 1 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2999 dicendum quod in statu isto, multiplicatis dominis, necesse est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3000 fieri divisionem possessionum, quia communitas possessionis est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3001 occasio discordiae, ut philosophus dicit in II Politic. Sed in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3002 statu innocentiae fuissent voluntates hominum sic ordinatae, quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3003 absque omni periculo discordiae communiter usi fuissent, secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3004 quod unicuique eorum competeret, rebus quae eorum dominio
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3005 subdebantur, cum hoc etiam modo apud multos bonos viros
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3006 observetur.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 2</h3><p title="I q. 98 a. 2 arg. 1"><a name="32591"><span class="ref">[32591] Iª q. 98 a. 2 arg. 1</span></a> Ad secundum sic
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3007 proceditur. Videtur quod in statu innocentiae non fuisset generatio
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3008 per coitum. Quia, ut Damascenus dicit, primus homo erat in Paradiso
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3009 terrestri sicut Angelus quidam. Sed in futuro resurrectionis statu,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3010 quando erunt homines Angelis similes, neque nubent neque nubentur,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3011 ut dicitur Matth. XXII. Ergo neque in Paradiso fuisset generatio
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3012 per coitum.</p><p title="I q. 98 a. 2 arg. 2"><a name="32592"><span class="ref">[32592] Iª q. 98 a. 2 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea, primi
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3013 homines in perfecta aetate conditi fuerunt. Si igitur in eis ante
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3014 peccatum generatio fuisset per coitum, fuissent etiam in Paradiso
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3015 carnaliter coniuncti. Quod patet esse falsum, secundum
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3016 Scripturam.</p><p title="I q. 98 a. 2 arg. 3"><a name="32593"><span class="ref">[32593] Iª q. 98 a. 2 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea, in
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3017 coniunctione carnali maxime efficitur homo similis bestiis, propter
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3018 vehementiam delectationis, unde etiam continentia laudatur, per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3019 quam homines ab huiusmodi delectationibus abstinent. Sed bestiis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3020 homo comparatur propter peccatum, secundum illud Psalmi XLVIII,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3021 <i>homo cum in honore esset, non intellexit, comparatus est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3022 iumentis insipientibus, et similis factus est illis</i>. Ergo ante
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3023 peccatum non fuisset maris et feminae carnalis coniunctio.</p><p title="I q. 98 a. 2 arg. 4"><a name="32594"><span class="ref">[32594] Iª q. 98 a. 2 arg. 4</span></a> Praeterea, in
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3024 statu innocentiae nulla fuisset corruptio. Sed per coitum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3025 corrumpitur integritas virginalis. Ergo coitus in statu innocentiae
59
03759e5c1080 fix multi-para s.c.
ht
parents: 53
diff changeset
3026 non fuisset.</p><div class="sc"><p title="I q. 98 a. 2 s. c. 1"><a name="32595"><span class="ref">[32595] Iª q. 98 a. 2 s. c. 1</span></a> Sed contra est
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3027 quod Deus ante peccatum masculum et feminam fecit, ut dicitur Gen.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3028 I et II. Nihil autem est frustra in operibus Dei. Ergo etiam si
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3029 homo non peccasset, fuisset coitus, ad quem distinctio sexuum
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3030 ordinatur.</p><p title="I q. 98 a. 2 s. c. 2"><a name="32596"><span class="ref">[32596] Iª q. 98 a. 2 s. c. 2</span></a> Praeterea, Gen.
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3031 II, dicitur mulier esse facta in adiutorium viri. Sed non ad aliud
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3032 nisi ad generationem quae fit per coitum, quia ad quodlibet aliud
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3033 opus, convenientius adiuvari posset vir per virum quam per feminam.
59
03759e5c1080 fix multi-para s.c.
ht
parents: 53
diff changeset
3034 Ergo etiam in statu innocentiae fuisset generatio per coitum.</p></div><p title="I q. 98 a. 2 co."><a name="32597"><span class="ref">[32597] Iª q. 98 a. 2 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3035 quod quidam antiquorum doctorum, considerantes concupiscentiae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3036 foeditatem quae invenitur in coitu in isto statu, posuerunt quod in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3037 statu innocentiae non fuisset generatio per coitum. Unde Gregorius
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3038 Nyssenus dicit in libro quem fecit de homine, quod in Paradiso
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3039 aliter fuisset multiplicatum genus humanum, sicut multiplicati sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3040 Angeli, absque concubitu, per operationem divinae virtutis. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3041 dicit quod Deus ante peccatum fecit masculum et feminam, respiciens
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3042 ad modum generationis qui futurus erat post peccatum, cuius Deus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3043 praescius erat. Sed hoc non dicitur rationabiliter. Ea enim quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3044 sunt naturalia homini, neque subtrahuntur neque dantur homini per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3045 peccatum. Manifestum est autem quod homini, secundum animalem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3046 vitam, quam etiam ante peccatum habebat, ut supra dictum est,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3047 naturale est generare per coitum, sicut et ceteris animalibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3048 perfectis. Et hoc declarant naturalia membra ad hunc usum deputata.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3049 Et ideo non est dicendum quod usus horum membrorum naturalium non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3050 fuisset ante peccatum, sicut et ceterorum membrorum. Sunt igitur in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3051 coitu duo consideranda, secundum praesentem statum. Unum quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3052 naturae est, scilicet coniunctio maris et feminae ad generandum. In
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3053 omni enim generatione requiritur virtus activa et passiva. Unde,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3054 cum in omnibus in quibus est distinctio sexuum, virtus activa sit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3055 in mare, virtus vero passiva in femina; naturae ordo exigit ut ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3056 generandum conveniant per coitum mas et femina. Aliud autem quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3057 considerari potest, est quaedam deformitas immoderatae
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3058 concupiscentiae. Quae in statu innocentiae non fuisset quando
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3059 inferiores vires omnino rationi subdebantur. Unde Augustinus dicit,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3060 in XIV de Civ. Dei, <i>absit ut suspicemur non potuisse prolem seri
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3061 sine libidinis morbo. Sed eo voluntatis nutu moverentur illa membra
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3062 quo cetera, et sine ardore et illecebroso stimulo, cum
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
3063 tranquillitate animi et corporis</i>.</p><p title="I q. 98 a. 2 ad 1"><a name="32598"><span class="ref">[32598] Iª q. 98 a. 2 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3064 dicendum quod homo in Paradiso fuisset sicut Angelus per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3065 spiritualem mentem, cum tamen haberet, vitam animalem quantum ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3066 corpus. Sed post resurrectionem erit homo similis Angelo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3067 spiritualis effectus et secundum animam et secundum corpus. Unde
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
3068 non est similis ratio.</p><p title="I q. 98 a. 2 ad 2"><a name="32599"><span class="ref">[32599] Iª q. 98 a. 2 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3069 dicendum quod, sicut Augustinus dicit IX super Gen. ad Litt., ideo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3070 primi parentes in Paradiso non coierunt, quia, formata muliere,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3071 post modicum propter peccatum de Paradiso eiecti sunt, vel quia
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3072 expectabatur divina auctoritas ad determinatum tempus commixtionis,
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
3073 a qua acceperunt universale mandatum.</p><p title="I q. 98 a. 2 ad 3"><a name="32600"><span class="ref">[32600] Iª q. 98 a. 2 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3074 dicendum quod bestiae carent ratione. Unde secundum hoc homo in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3075 coitu bestialis efficitur, quod delectationem coitus et fervorem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3076 concupiscentiae ratione moderari non potest. Sed in statu
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3077 innocentiae nihil huiusmodi fuisset quod ratione non moderaretur,
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3078 non quia esset minor delectatio secundum sensum, ut quidam dicunt
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3079 (fuisset enim tanto maior delectatio sensibilis, quanto esset
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3080 purior natura, et corpus magis sensibile); sed quia vis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3081 concupiscibilis non ita inordinate se effudisset super huiusmodi
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3082 delectatione, regulata per rationem, ad quam non pertinet ut sit
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3083 minor delectatio in sensu, sed ut vis concupiscibilis non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3084 immoderate delectationi inhaereat; et dico immoderate, praeter
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3085 mensuram rationis. Sicut sobrius in cibo moderate assumpto non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3086 minorem habet delectationem quam gulosus; sed minus eius
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3087 concupiscibilis super huiusmodi delectatione requiescit. Et hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3088 sonant verba Augustini, quae a statu innocentiae non excludunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3089 magnitudinem delectationis, sed ardorem libidinis et inquietudinem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3090 animi. Et ideo continentia in statu innocentiae non fuisset
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3091 laudabilis, quae in tempore isto laudatur non propter defectum
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3092 fecunditatis, sed propter remotionem inordinatae libidinis. Tunc
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3093 autem fuisset fecunditas absque libidine.</p><p title="I q. 98 a. 2 ad 4"><a name="32601"><span class="ref">[32601] Iª q. 98 a. 2 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3094 dicendum quod, sicut Augustinus dicit XIV de Civ. Dei, <i>in illo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3095 statu nulla corruptione integritatis infunderetur gremio maritus
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3096 uxoris. Ita enim potuit utero coniugis, salva integritate feminei
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3097 genitalis, virile semen immitti, sicut nunc potest, eadem
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3098 integritate salva, ex utero virginis fluxus menstrui cruoris
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3099 emitti. Ut enim ad pariendum non doloris gemitus, sed maturitatis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3100 impulsus feminea viscera relaxaret; sic ad concipiendum non
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3101 libidinis appetitus, sed voluntarius usus naturam utramque
59
03759e5c1080 fix multi-para s.c.
ht
parents: 53
diff changeset
3102 coniungeret</i>.</p></div></div><div id="q99" class="q"><h2>Quaestio 99</h2><div class="p"><h3>Prooemium</h3><p title="I q. 99 pr."><a name="32602"><span class="ref">[32602]
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3103 Iª q. 99 pr.</span></a> Deinde considerandum est de conditione
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3104 prolis generandae. Et primo, quantum ad corpus; secundo, quantum ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3105 iustitiam; tertio, quantum ad scientiam. Circa primum quaeruntur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3106 duo. Primo, utrum in statu innocentiae pueri mox geniti habuissent
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3107 perfectam virtutem corpoream. Secundo, utrum omnes fuissent nati in
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3108 sexu masculino.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 1</h3><p title="I q. 99 a. 1 arg. 1"><a name="32603"><span class="ref">[32603] Iª q. 99 a. 1 arg. 1</span></a> Ad primum sic
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3109 proceditur. Videtur quod pueri in statu innocentiae, mox nati,
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3110 virtutem perfectam habuissent ad motum membrorum. Dicit enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3111 Augustinus, in libro de Bapt. Parvul., quod <i>infirmitati mentis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3112 congruit haec infirmitas corporis</i>, quae scilicet in pueris
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3113 apparet. Sed in statu innocentiae nulla fuisset infirmitas mentis.
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3114 Ergo neque talis infirmitas corporis fuisset in parvulis.</p><p title="I q. 99 a. 1 arg. 2"><a name="32604"><span class="ref">[32604] Iª q. 99 a. 1 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3115 quaedam animalia statim cum nascuntur, habent virtutem sufficientem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3116 ad usum membrorum. Sed homo est nobilior aliis animalibus. Ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3117 multo magis est naturale homini quod statim natus virtutem habeat
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3118 ad usum membrorum. Et ita videtur esse poena ex peccato
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3119 consequens.</p><p title="I q. 99 a. 1 arg. 3"><a name="32605"><span class="ref">[32605] Iª q. 99 a. 1 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea, non
28
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3120 posse consequi delectabile propositum, afflictionem inducit. Sed si
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3121 pueri non habuissent virtutem ad movendum membra, frequenter
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3122 accidisset quod non possent consequi aliquod delectabile eis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3123 propositum. Ergo fuisset in eis afflictio; quae non poterat esse
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3124 ante peccatum. Non ergo in statu innocentiae defuisset pueris
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3125 virtus ad movendum membra.</p><p title="I q. 99 a. 1 arg. 4"><a name="32606"><span class="ref">[32606] Iª q. 99 a. 1 arg. 4</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3126 defectus senectutis videtur correspondere defectui pueritiae. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3127 in statu innocentiae non fuisset defectus senectutis. Ergo neque
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3128 etiam defectus pueritiae.</p><p title="I q. 99 a. 1 s. c."><a name="32607"><span class="ref">[32607] Iª q. 99 a. 1 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3129 quod omne generatum prius est imperfectum quam perficiatur. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3130 pueri in statu innocentiae fuissent per generationem producti. Ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3131 a principio imperfecti fuissent et quantitate et virtute
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3132 corporis.</p><p title="I q. 99 a. 1 co."><a name="32608"><span class="ref">[32608] Iª q. 99 a. 1 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3133 quod ea quae sunt supra naturam, sola fide tenemus; quod autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3134 credimus, auctoritati debemus. Unde in omnibus asserendis sequi
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3135 debemus naturam rerum, praeter ea quae auctoritate divina
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3136 traduntur, quae sunt supra naturam. Manifestum est autem naturale
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3137 hoc esse, utpote et principiis humanae naturae competens, quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3138 pueri mox nati non habeant sufficientem virtutem ad movendum
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3139 membra. Quia homo naturaliter habet cerebrum maius in quantitate,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3140 secundum proportionem sui corporis, quam cetera animalia. Unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3141 naturale est quod, propter maximam humiditatem cerebri in pueris,
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3142 nervi, qui sunt instrumenta motus, non sunt idonei ad movendum
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3143 membra. Ex alia vero parte nulli Catholico dubium est quin divina
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3144 virtute fieri possit, ut pueri mox nati perfectam virtutem habeant
86
dd8a8c8eb56d completed FP_ix
ht
parents: 59
diff changeset
3145 ad motum membrorum.</p><p> Constat autem per auctoritatem Scripturae, quod
28
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3146 Deus fecit hominem rectum, et haec rectitudo consistit, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3147 Augustinus dicit, in perfecta subiectione corporis ad animam. Sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3148 ergo in primo statu non poterat esse in membris hominis aliquid
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3149 quod repugnaret ordinatae hominis voluntati, ita membra hominis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3150 deficere non poterant humanae voluntati. Voluntas autem hominis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3151 ordinata est quae tendit in actus sibi convenientes. Non sunt autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3152 iidem actus convenientes homini secundum quamlibet aetatem.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3153 Dicendum est ergo quod pueri mox nati non habuissent sufficientem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3154 virtutem ad movendum membra ad quoslibet actus; sed ad actus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3155 pueritiae convenientes, puta ad sugendum ubera, et ad alia
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3156 huiusmodi.</p><p title="I q. 99 a. 1 ad 1"><a name="32609"><span class="ref">[32609] Iª q. 99 a. 1 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3157 dicendum quod Augustinus loquitur de ista infirmitate quae nunc in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3158 pueris apparet etiam quantum ad actus eorum pueritiae convenientes;
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3159 ut patet per ea quae praemittit, quod <i>iuxta se iacentibus
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3160 mammis, magis possunt esurientes flere quam sugere</i>.</p><p title="I q. 99 a. 1 ad 2"><a name="32610"><span class="ref">[32610] Iª q. 99 a. 1 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3161 dicendum quod hoc quod quaedam animalia statim nata habent usum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3162 membrorum, non est ex eorum nobilitate, cum quaedam animalia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3163 perfectiora hoc non habeant, sed hoc eis contingit ex siccitate
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3164 cerebri, et quia actus proprii talium animalium sunt imperfecti, ad
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3165 quos etiam parva virtus sufficere potest.</p><p title="I q. 99 a. 1 ad 3"><a name="32611"><span class="ref">[32611] Iª q. 99 a. 1 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium patet
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3166 solutio per ea quae dicta sunt in corpore. Vel potest dici quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3167 nihil appetivissent, nisi ordinata voluntate convenisset res
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3168 secundum statum suum.</p><p title="I q. 99 a. 1 ad 4"><a name="32612"><span class="ref">[32612] Iª q. 99 a. 1 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3169 dicendum quod homo in statu innocentiae generatus fuisset, sed non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3170 fuisset corruptus. Et ideo in statu illo potuissent esse aliqui
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3171 defectus pueriles, qui consequuntur generationem; non autem
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3172 defectus seniles, qui ordinantur ad corruptionem.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 2</h3><p title="I q. 99 a. 2 arg. 1"><a name="32613"><span class="ref">[32613] Iª q. 99 a. 2 arg. 1</span></a> Ad secundum sic
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3173 proceditur. Videtur quod in primo statu feminae natae non fuissent.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3174 Dicit enim philosophus, in libro II de Generat. Animal., quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3175 femina est mas occasionatus, quasi praeter intentionem naturae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3176 proveniens. Sed in statu illo nihil evenisset innaturale in hominis
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3177 generatione. Ergo feminae natae non fuissent.</p><p title="I q. 99 a. 2 arg. 2"><a name="32614"><span class="ref">[32614] Iª q. 99 a. 2 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea, omne
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3178 agens generat sibi simile, nisi impediatur vel propter defectum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3179 virtutis, vel propter indispositionem materiae, sicut parvus ignis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3180 non potest comburere ligna viridia. In generatione autem vis activa
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3181 est in mare. Cum igitur in statu innocentiae nullus fuisset
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3182 defectus virtutis ex parte maris, nec indispositio materiae ex
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3183 parte feminae, videtur quod semper masculi nati fuissent.</p><p title="I q. 99 a. 2 arg. 3"><a name="32615"><span class="ref">[32615] Iª q. 99 a. 2 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea, in
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3184 statu innocentiae generatio ad multiplicationem hominum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3185 ordinabatur. Sed sufficienter homines multiplicari potuissent per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3186 primum hominem et per primam feminam, ex quo in perpetuum victuri
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3187 erant. Ergo non fuit necessarium quod in statu innocentiae feminae
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3188 nascerentur.</p><p title="I q. 99 a. 2 s. c."><a name="32616"><span class="ref">[32616] Iª q. 99 a. 2 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3189 quod sic natura processisset in generando, sicut eam Deus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3190 instituit. Sed Deus instituit marem et feminam in natura humana, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3191 dicitur Gen. I et II. Ergo etiam in statu illo fuissent mares et
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3192 feminae generati.</p><p title="I q. 99 a. 2 co."><a name="32617"><span class="ref">[32617] Iª q. 99 a. 2 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3193 quod nihil eorum quae ad complementum humanae naturae pertinent, in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3194 statu innocentiae defuisset. Sicut autem ad perfectionem universi
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3195 pertinent diversi gradus rerum, ita etiam diversitas sexus est ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3196 perfectionem humanae naturae. Et ideo in statu innocentiae uterque
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3197 sexus per generationem productus fuisset.</p><p title="I q. 99 a. 2 ad 1"><a name="32618"><span class="ref">[32618] Iª q. 99 a. 2 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3198 dicendum quod femina dicitur mas occasionatus, quia est praeter
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3199 intentionem naturae particularis, non autem praeter intentionem
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3200 naturae universalis, ut supra dictum est.</p><p title="I q. 99 a. 2 ad 2"><a name="32619"><span class="ref">[32619] Iª q. 99 a. 2 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3201 dicendum quod generatio feminae non solum contingit ex defectu
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3202 virtutis activae vel indispositione materiae, ut obiectio tangit.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3203 Sed quandoque quidem ex aliquo accidenti extrinseco; sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3204 philosophus dicit, in libro de animalibus, quod <i>ventus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3205 Septentrionalis coadiuvat ad generationem masculorum, Australis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3206 vero ad generationem feminarum</i>. Quandoque etiam ex conceptione
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3207 animae, ad quam de facili immutatur corpus. Et praecipue in statu
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3208 innocentiae hoc esse poterat, quando corpus magis erat animae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3209 subiectum; ut scilicet secundum voluntatem generantis,
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3210 distingueretur sexus in prole.</p><p title="I q. 99 a. 2 ad 3"><a name="32620"><span class="ref">[32620] Iª q. 99 a. 2 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3211 dicendum quod proles fuisset genita vivens vita animali, ad quam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3212 sicut pertinet alimento uti, sic etiam generare. Unde conveniebat
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3213 quod omnes generarent, et non solum primi parentes. Ad quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3214 consequens videtur quod tot fuissent generatae feminae, quot et
59
03759e5c1080 fix multi-para s.c.
ht
parents: 53
diff changeset
3215 mares.</p></div></div><div id="q100" class="q"><h2>Quaestio 100</h2><div class="p"><h3>Prooemium</h3><p title="I q. 100 pr."><a name="32621"><span class="ref">[32621]
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3216 Iª q. 100 pr.</span></a> Deinde considerandum est de
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3217 conditione prolis generandae quantum ad iustitiam. Et circa hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3218 quaeruntur duo. Primo, utrum homines fuissent nati cum iustitia.
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3219 Secundo, utrum nascerentur in iustitia confirmati.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 1</h3><p title="I q. 100 a. 1 arg. 1"><a name="32622"><span class="ref">[32622] Iª q. 100 a. 1 arg. 1</span></a> Ad primum sic
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3220 proceditur. Videtur quod homines non fuissent cum iustitia nati.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3221 Dicit enim Hugo de sancto Victore quod <i>primus homo ante peccatum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3222 generaret quidem filios sine peccato, sed non paternae iustitiae
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3223 haeredes</i>.</p><p title="I q. 100 a. 1 arg. 2"><a name="32623"><span class="ref">[32623] Iª q. 100 a. 1 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3224 iustitia est per gratiam, ut apostolus dicit ad Rom. V. Sed gratia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3225 non transfunditur, quia sic esset naturalis; sed a solo Deo
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3226 infunditur. Ergo pueri cum iustitia nati non fuissent.</p><p title="I q. 100 a. 1 arg. 3"><a name="32624"><span class="ref">[32624] Iª q. 100 a. 1 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3227 iustitia in anima est. Sed anima non est ex traduce. Ergo nec
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3228 iustitia traducta fuisset a parentibus in filios.</p><p title="I q. 100 a. 1 s. c."><a name="32625"><span class="ref">[32625] Iª q. 100 a. 1 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3229 quod Anselmus dicit, in libro de conceptu Virg., <i>quod simul cum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3230 rationalem haberent animam, iusti essent quos generaret homo, si
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3231 non peccaret</i>.</p><p title="I q. 100 a. 1 co."><a name="32626"><span class="ref">[32626] Iª q. 100 a. 1 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3232 quod naturaliter homo generat sibi simile secundum speciem. Unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3233 quaecumque accidentia consequuntur naturam speciei, in his necesse
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3234 est quod filii parentibus similentur, nisi sit error in operatione
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3235 naturae, qui in statu innocentiae non fuisset. In accidentibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3236 autem individualibus non est necesse quod filii parentibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3237 similentur. Iustitia autem originalis, in qua primus homo conditus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3238 fuit, fuit accidens naturae speciei, non quasi ex principiis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3239 speciei causatum, sed sicut quoddam donum divinitus datum toti
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3240 naturae. Et hoc apparet, quia opposita sunt unius generis, peccatum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3241 autem originale, quod opponitur illi iustitiae, dicitur esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3242 peccatum naturae; unde traducitur a parente in posteros. Et propter
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3243 hoc etiam filii parentibus assimilati fuissent quantum ad
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3244 originalem iustitiam.</p><p title="I q. 100 a. 1 ad 1"><a name="32627"><span class="ref">[32627] Iª q. 100 a. 1 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3245 dicendum quod verbum Hugonis est intelligendum non quantum ad
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3246 habitum iustitiae, sed quantum ad executionem actus.</p><p title="I q. 100 a. 1 ad 2"><a name="32628"><span class="ref">[32628] Iª q. 100 a. 1 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3247 dicendum quod quidam dicunt quod pueri non fuissent nati cum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3248 iustitia gratuita, quae est merendi principium, sed cum iustitia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3249 originali. Sed cum radix originalis iustitiae, in cuius rectitudine
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3250 factus est homo, consistat in subiectione supernaturali rationis ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3251 Deum, quae est per gratiam gratum facientem, ut supra dictum est;
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3252 necesse est dicere quod, si pueri nati fuissent in originali
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3253 iustitia, quod etiam nati fuissent cum gratia; sicut et de primo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3254 homine supra diximus quod fuit cum gratia conditus. Non tamen
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3255 fuisset propter hoc gratia naturalis, quia non fuisset transfusa
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3256 per virtutem seminis, sed fuisset collata homini statim cum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3257 habuisset animam rationalem. Sicut etiam statim cum corpus est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3258 dispositum infunditur a Deo anima rationalis, quae tamen non est ex
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3259 traduce.</p><p title="I q. 100 a. 1 ad 3"><a name="32629"><span class="ref">[32629] Iª q. 100 a. 1 ad 3</span></a> Unde patet
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3260 solutio ad tertium.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 2</h3><p title="I q. 100 a. 2 arg. 1"><a name="32630"><span class="ref">[32630] Iª q. 100 a. 2 arg. 1</span></a> Ad secundum sic
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3261 proceditur. Videtur quod pueri in statu innocentiae nati fuissent
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3262 in iustitia confirmati. Dicit enim Gregorius, IV Moralium, super
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3263 illud, <i>somno meo requiescerem etc., si parentem primum nulla
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3264 putredo peccati corrumperet, nequaquam ex se filios Gehennae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3265 generaret; sed hi qui nunc per redemptorem salvandi sunt, soli ab
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3266 illo electi nascerentur</i>. Ergo nascerentur omnes in iustitia
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3267 confirmati.</p><p title="I q. 100 a. 2 arg. 2"><a name="32631"><span class="ref">[32631] Iª q. 100 a. 2 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3268 Anselmus dicit, in libro cur Deus homo, quod <i>si primi parentes
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3269 sic vixissent ut tentati non peccassent, ita confirmarentur cum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3270 omni propagine sua, ut ultra peccare non possent</i>. Ergo pueri
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3271 nascerentur in iustitia confirmati.</p><p title="I q. 100 a. 2 arg. 3"><a name="32632"><span class="ref">[32632] Iª q. 100 a. 2 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3272 bonum est potentius quam malum. Sed propter peccatum primi hominis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3273 consecuta est necessitas peccandi in his qui nascuntur ex eo. Ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3274 si primus homo in iustitia perstitisset, derivaretur ad posteros
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3275 necessitas observandi iustitiam.</p><p title="I q. 100 a. 2 arg. 4"><a name="32633"><span class="ref">[32633] Iª q. 100 a. 2 arg. 4</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3276 Angelus adhaerens Deo aliis peccantibus, statim est in iustitia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3277 confirmatus, ut ulterius peccare non posset. Ergo similiter et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3278 homo, si tentationi restitisset, confirmatus fuisset. Sed qualis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3279 ipse fuit, tales alios generasset. Ergo et eius filii confirmati in
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3280 iustitia nascerentur.</p><p title="I q. 100 a. 2 s. c."><a name="32634"><span class="ref">[32634] Iª q. 100 a. 2 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3281 quod Augustinus dicit, XIV de Civ. Dei, <i>tam felix universa esset
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3282 humana societas si nec illi</i>, scilicet primi parentes, <i>malum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3283 quod in posteros traiicerent, nec quisquam ex stirpe eorum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3284 iniquitatem committeret, quae damnationem reciperet</i>. Ex quo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3285 datur intelligi quod, etiam si primi homines non peccassent, aliqui
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3286 ex eorum stirpe potuissent iniquitatem committere. Non ergo
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3287 nascerentur in iustitia confirmati.</p><p title="I q. 100 a. 2 co."><a name="32635"><span class="ref">[32635] Iª q. 100 a. 2 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3288 quod non videtur possibile quod pueri in statu innocentiae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3289 nascerentur in iustitia confirmati. Manifestum est enim quod pueri
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3290 in sua nativitate non habuissent plus perfectionis quam eorum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3291 parentes in statu generationis. Parentes autem, quandiu
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3292 generassent, non fuissent confirmati in iustitia. Ex hoc enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3293 creatura rationalis in iustitia confirmatur, quod efficitur beata
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3294 per apertam Dei visionem, cui viso non potest non inhaerere, cum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3295 ipse sit ipsa essentia bonitatis, a qua nullus potest averti, cum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3296 nihil desideretur et ametur nisi sub ratione boni. Et hoc dico
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3297 secundum legem communem, quia ex aliquo privilegio speciali secus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3298 accidere potest, sicut creditur de virgine matre Dei. Quam cito
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3299 autem Adam ad illam beatitudinem pervenisset quod Deum per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3300 essentiam videret, efficeretur spiritualis et mente et corpore, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3301 animalis vita cessaret, in qua sola generationis usus fuisset. Unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3302 manifestum est quod parvuli non nascerentur in iustitia
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3303 confirmati.</p><p title="I q. 100 a. 2 ad 1"><a name="32636"><span class="ref">[32636] Iª q. 100 a. 2 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3304 dicendum quod, si Adam non peccasset, non generaret ex se filios
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3305 Gehennae, ita scilicet quod ab ipso peccatum contraherent, quod est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3306 causa Gehennae. Possent tamen fieri filii Gehennae per liberum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3307 arbitrium peccando. Vel, si filii Gehennae non fierent per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3308 peccatum, hoc non esset propter hoc, quia essent in iustitia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3309 confirmati; sed propter divinam providentiam, per quam a peccato
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3310 conservarentur immunes.</p><p title="I q. 100 a. 2 ad 2"><a name="32637"><span class="ref">[32637] Iª q. 100 a. 2 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3311 dicendum quod Anselmus hoc non dicit asserendo, sed opinando. Quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3312 patet ex ipso modo loquendi, cum dicit, videtur quod, si vixissent
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3313 et cetera.</p><p title="I q. 100 a. 2 ad 3"><a name="32638"><span class="ref">[32638] Iª q. 100 a. 2 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3314 dicendum quod ratio ista non est efficax, quamvis per eam Anselmus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3315 motus fuisse videatur, ut ex eius verbis apparet. Non enim sic per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3316 peccatum primi parentis eius posteri necessitatem peccandi
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3317 incurrunt, ut ad iustitiam redire non possint, quod est tantum in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3318 damnatis. Unde nec ita necessitatem non peccandi transmisisset ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3319 posteros, quod omnino peccare non possent, quod est tantum in
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3320 beatis.</p><p title="I q. 100 a. 2 ad 4"><a name="32639"><span class="ref">[32639] Iª q. 100 a. 2 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3321 dicendum quod non est simile de homine et Angelo. Nam homo habet
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3322 liberum arbitrium vertibile et ante electionem et post, non autem
59
03759e5c1080 fix multi-para s.c.
ht
parents: 53
diff changeset
3323 Angelus, sicut supra dictum est, cum de Angelis ageretur.</p></div></div><div id="q101" class="q"><h2>Quaestio 101</h2><div class="p"><h3>Prooemium</h3><p title="I q. 101 pr."><a name="32640"><span class="ref">[32640]
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3324 Iª q. 101 pr.</span></a> Deinde considerandum est de
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3325 conditione prolis generandae quantum ad scientiam. Et circa hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3326 quaeruntur duo. Primo, utrum pueri nascerentur in scientia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3327 perfecti. Secundo, utrum statim post nativitatem habuissent
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3328 perfectum usum rationis.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 1</h3><p title="I q. 101 a. 1 arg. 1"><a name="32641"><span class="ref">[32641] Iª q. 101 a. 1 arg. 1</span></a> Ad primum sic
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3329 proceditur. Videtur quod in statu innocentiae pueri nati fuissent
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3330 in scientia perfecti. Qualis enim fuit Adam, tales filios
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3331 generasset. Sed Adam fuit in scientia perfectus, ut supra dictum
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3332 est. Ergo filii nascerentur ab eo in scientia perfecti.</p><p title="I q. 101 a. 1 arg. 2"><a name="32642"><span class="ref">[32642] Iª q. 101 a. 1 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3333 ignorantia ex peccato causatur, ut Beda dicit. Sed ignorantia est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3334 privatio scientiae. Ergo ante peccatum pueri mox nati omnem
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3335 scientiam habuissent.</p><p title="I q. 101 a. 1 arg. 3"><a name="32643"><span class="ref">[32643] Iª q. 101 a. 1 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3336 pueri mox nati iustitiam habuissent. Sed ad iustitiam requiritur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3337 scientia, quae dirigit in agendis. Ergo etiam scientiam
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3338 habuissent.</p><p title="I q. 101 a. 1 s. c."><a name="32644"><span class="ref">[32644] Iª q. 101 a. 1 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3339 quod anima nostra per naturam est sicut tabula rasa in qua nihil
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3340 est scriptum, ut dicitur in III de anima. Sed eadem animae natura
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3341 est modo, quae tunc fuisset. Ergo animae puerorum in principio
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3342 scientia caruissent.</p><p title="I q. 101 a. 1 co."><a name="32645"><span class="ref">[32645] Iª q. 101 a. 1 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3343 quod, sicut supra dictum est, de his quae sunt supra naturam, soli
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3344 auctoritati creditur, unde ubi auctoritas deficit, sequi debemus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3345 naturae conditionem. Est autem naturale homini ut scientiam per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3346 sensus acquirat, sicut supra dictum est, et ideo anima unitur
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3347 corpori, quia indiget eo ad suam propriam operationem; quod non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3348 esset, si statim a principio scientiam haberet non acquisitam per
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3349 sensitivas virtutes. Et ideo dicendum est quod pueri in statu
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3350 innocentiae non nascerentur perfecti in scientia; sed eam in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3351 processu temporis absque difficultate acquisivissent, inveniendo
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3352 vel addiscendo.</p><p title="I q. 101 a. 1 ad 1"><a name="32646"><span class="ref">[32646] Iª q. 101 a. 1 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3353 dicendum quod esse perfectum in scientia fuit individuale accidens
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3354 primi parentis, inquantum scilicet ipse instituebatur ut pater et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3355 instructor totius humani generis. Et ideo quantum ad hoc, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3356 generabat filios similes sibi; sed solum quantum ad accidentia
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3357 naturalia vel gratuita totius naturae.</p><p title="I q. 101 a. 1 ad 2"><a name="32647"><span class="ref">[32647] Iª q. 101 a. 1 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3358 dicendum quod ignorantia est privatio scientiae quae debet haberi
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3359 pro tempore illo. Quod in pueris mox natis non fuisset, habuissent
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3360 enim scientiam quae eis competebat secundum tempus illud. Unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3361 ignorantia in eis non fuisset, sed nescientia respectu aliquorum.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3362 Quam etiam Dionysius ponit in Angelis sanctis, in VII Cael.
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3363 Hier.</p><p title="I q. 101 a. 1 ad 3"><a name="32648"><span class="ref">[32648] Iª q. 101 a. 1 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3364 dicendum quod pueri habuissent sufficientem scientiam ad dirigendum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3365 eos in operibus iustitiae in quibus homines diriguntur per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3366 universalia principia iuris; quam multo plenius tunc habuissent
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3367 quam nunc naturaliter habemus, et similiter aliorum universalium
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3368 principiorum.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 2</h3><p title="I q. 101 a. 2 arg. 1"><a name="32649"><span class="ref">[32649] Iª q. 101 a. 2 arg. 1</span></a> Ad secundum sic
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3369 proceditur. Videtur quod pueri in statu innocentiae mox nati
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3370 habuissent perfectum usum rationis. Nunc enim pueri perfectum usum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3371 rationis non habent propter hoc, quod anima per corpus aggravatur.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3372 Hoc autem tunc non erat, quia, ut dicitur Sap. IX, <i>corpus quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3373 corrumpitur, aggravat animam</i>. Ergo ante peccatum et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3374 corruptionem a peccato subsecutam, pueri mox nati perfectum usum
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3375 rationis habuissent.</p><p title="I q. 101 a. 2 arg. 2"><a name="32650"><span class="ref">[32650] Iª q. 101 a. 2 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3376 quaedam alia animalia mox nata habent naturalis industriae usum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3377 sicut agnus statim fugit lupum. Multo ergo magis homines in statu
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3378 innocentiae mox nati habuissent usum perfectum rationis.</p><p title="I q. 101 a. 2 s. c."><a name="32651"><span class="ref">[32651] Iª q. 101 a. 2 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3379 quod natura procedit ab imperfecto ad perfectum in omnibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3380 generatis. Ergo pueri non statim a principio habuissent perfectum
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3381 usum rationis.</p><p title="I q. 101 a. 2 co."><a name="32652"><span class="ref">[32652] Iª q. 101 a. 2 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3382 quod, sicut ex supra dictis patet, usus rationis dependet
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3383 quodammodo ex usu virium sensitivarum, unde ligato sensu, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3384 impeditis interioribus viribus sensitivis, homo perfectum usum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3385 rationis non habet, ut patet in dormientibus et phreneticis. Vires
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3386 autem sensitivae sunt virtutes quaedam corporalium organorum, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3387 ideo, impeditis earum organis, necesse est quod earum actus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3388 impediantur, et per consequens rationis usus. In pueris autem est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3389 impedimentum harum virium, propter nimiam humiditatem cerebri. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3390 ideo in eis non est perfectus usus rationis, sicut nec aliorum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3391 membrorum. Et ideo pueri in statu innocentiae non habuissent
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3392 perfectum usum rationis, sicut habituri erant in perfecta aetate.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3393 Habuissent tamen perfectiorem quam nunc, quantum ad ea quae ad eos
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3394 pertinebant quantum ad statum illum; sicut et de usu membrorum
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3395 superius est dictum.</p><p title="I q. 101 a. 2 ad 1"><a name="32653"><span class="ref">[32653] Iª q. 101 a. 2 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3396 dicendum quod aggravatio additur ex corruptione corporis in hoc,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3397 quod usus rationis impeditur quantum ad ea etiam quae pertinent ad
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3398 hominem secundum quamcumque aetatem.</p><p title="I q. 101 a. 2 ad 2"><a name="32654"><span class="ref">[32654] Iª q. 101 a. 2 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3399 dicendum quod etiam alia animalia non habent ita perfectum usum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3400 industriae naturalis statim a principio, sicut postea. Quod ex hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3401 patet, quod aves docent volare pullos suos, et similia in aliis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3402 generibus animalium inveniuntur. Et tamen in homine est speciale
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3403 impedimentum propter abundantiam humiditatis cerebri, ut supra
59
03759e5c1080 fix multi-para s.c.
ht
parents: 53
diff changeset
3404 dictum est.</p></div></div><div id="q102" class="q"><h2>Quaestio 102</h2><div class="p"><h3>Prooemium</h3><p title="I q. 102 pr."><a name="32655"><span class="ref">[32655]
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3405 Iª q. 102 pr.</span></a> Deinde considerandum est de loco
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3406 hominis, qui est Paradisus. Et circa hoc quaeruntur quatuor. Primo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3407 utrum Paradisus sit locus corporeus. Secundo, utrum sit conveniens
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3408 locus habitationis humanae. Tertio, ad quid homo in Paradiso
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3409 positus fuit. Quarto, utrum in Paradiso debuit fieri.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 1</h3><p title="I q. 102 a. 1 arg. 1"><a name="32656"><span class="ref">[32656] Iª q. 102 a. 1 arg. 1</span></a> Ad primum sic
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3410 proceditur. Videtur quod Paradisus non sit locus corporeus. Dicit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3411 enim Beda quod <i>Paradisus pertingit usque ad lunarem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3412 circulum</i>. Sed nullus locus terrenus talis esse potest, tum quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3413 contra naturam terrae esset quod tantum elevaretur; tum etiam quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3414 sub globo lunari est regio ignis, qui terram consumeret. Non est
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3415 ergo Paradisus locus corporeus.</p><p title="I q. 102 a. 1 arg. 2"><a name="32657"><span class="ref">[32657] Iª q. 102 a. 1 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3416 Scriptura commemorat quatuor flumina in Paradiso oriri, ut patet
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3417 Gen. II. Illa autem flumina quae ibi nominantur, alibi habent
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3418 manifestas origines; ut patet etiam per philosophum in libro
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3419 Meteor. Ergo Paradisus non est locus corporeus.</p><p title="I q. 102 a. 1 arg. 3"><a name="32658"><span class="ref">[32658] Iª q. 102 a. 1 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3420 aliqui diligentissime inquisierunt omnia loca terrae habitabilis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3421 qui tamen nullam mentionem faciunt de loco Paradisi. Ergo non
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3422 videtur esse locus corporeus.</p><p title="I q. 102 a. 1 arg. 4"><a name="32659"><span class="ref">[32659] Iª q. 102 a. 1 arg. 4</span></a> Praeterea, in
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3423 Paradiso describitur lignum vitae esse. Sed lignum vitae est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3424 aliquid spirituale, dicitur enim Prov. III, de sapientia, quod est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3425 lignum vitae his qui apprehendunt eam. Ergo et Paradisus non est
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3426 locus corporeus, sed spiritualis.</p><p title="I q. 102 a. 1 arg. 5"><a name="32660"><span class="ref">[32660] Iª q. 102 a. 1 arg. 5</span></a> Praeterea, si
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3427 Paradisus est locus corporalis, oportet quod et ligna Paradisi sint
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3428 corporalia. Sed hoc non videtur, cum corporalia ligna sint producta
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3429 tertio die; de plantatione autem lignorum Paradisi legitur Gen. II,
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3430 post opera sex dierum. Ergo Paradisus non est locus corporeus.</p><p title="I q. 102 a. 1 s. c."><a name="32661"><span class="ref">[32661] Iª q. 102 a. 1 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3431 quod Augustinus dicit, VIII super Gen. ad Litt., <i>tres sunt de
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3432 Paradiso generales sententiae, una eorum qui tantummodo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3433 corporaliter Paradisum intelligi volunt; alia eorum qui
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3434 spiritualiter tantum; tertia eorum qui utroque modo Paradisum
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3435 accipiunt, quam mihi fateor placere sententiam</i>.</p><p title="I q. 102 a. 1 co."><a name="32662"><span class="ref">[32662] Iª q. 102 a. 1 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3436 quod, sicut Augustinus dicit XIII de Civ. Dei, <i>quae commode dici
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3437 possunt de intelligendo spiritualiter Paradiso, nemine prohibente
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3438 dicantur; dum tamen et illius historiae fidelissima veritas rerum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3439 gestarum narratione commendata credatur</i>. Ea enim quae de
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3440 Paradiso in Scriptura dicuntur, per modum narrationis historicae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3441 proponuntur, in omnibus autem quae sic Scriptura tradit, est pro
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3442 fundamento tenenda veritas historiae, et desuper spirituales
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3443 expositiones fabricandae. Est ergo Paradisus, ut Isidorus dicit in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3444 libro Etymol., <i>locus in orientis partibus constitutus, cuius
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3445 vocabulum a Graeco in Latinum vertitur hortus</i>. Convenienter
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3446 autem in parte Orientali dicitur situs. Quia credendum est quod in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3447 nobilissimo loco totius terrae sit constitutus. Cum autem oriens
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3448 sit dextera caeli, ut patet per philosophum in II de caelo; dextera
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3449 autem est nobilior quam sinistra; conveniens fuit ut in Orientali
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3450 parte Paradisus terrenus institueretur a Deo.</p><p title="I q. 102 a. 1 ad 1"><a name="32663"><span class="ref">[32663] Iª q. 102 a. 1 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3451 dicendum quod Bedae verbum non est verum, si secundum sensum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3452 manifestum intelligatur. Potest tamen exponi quod usque ad locum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3453 lunaris globi ascendit, non secundum situs eminentiam, sed secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3454 similitudinem, quia est ibi perpetua aeris temperies, ut Isidorus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3455 dicit, et in hoc assimilatur corporibus caelestibus, quae sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3456 absque contrarietate. Magis tamen fit mentio de lunari globo quam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3457 de aliis sphaeris, quia lunaris globus est terminus caelestium
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3458 corporum versus nos; et luna etiam est magis terrae affinis inter
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3459 omnia corpora caelestia; unde et quasdam tenebras nebulosas habet,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3460 quasi accedens ad opacitatem. Quidam autem dicunt quod Paradisus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3461 pertingebat usque ad lunarem globum, idest usque ad medium aeris
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3462 interstitium, in quo generantur pluviae et venti et huiusmodi, quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3463 dominium super huiusmodi evaporationes maxime attribuitur lunae.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3464 Sed secundum hoc, locus ille non esset conveniens habitationi
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3465 humanae, tum quia ibi est maxima intemperies; tum quia non est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3466 contemperatus complexioni humanae, sicut aer inferior magis terrae
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3467 vicinus.</p><p title="I q. 102 a. 1 ad 2"><a name="32664"><span class="ref">[32664] Iª q. 102 a. 1 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3468 dicendum quod, sicut Augustinus dicit VIII super Gen. ad Litt.,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3469 <i>credendum est, quoniam locus Paradisi a cognitione hominum est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3470 remotissimus, flumina, quorum fontes noti esse dicuntur, alicubi
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3471 isse sub terras, et post tractus prolixarum regionum, locis aliis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3472 erupisse. Nam hoc solere nonnullas aquas facere, quis
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3473 ignorat?</i></p><p title="I q. 102 a. 1 ad 3"><a name="32665"><span class="ref">[32665] Iª q. 102 a. 1 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3474 dicendum quod locus ille seclusus est a nostra habitatione
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3475 aliquibus impedimentis vel montium, vel marium, vel alicuius
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3476 aestuosae regionis, quae pertransiri non potest. Et ideo scriptores
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3477 locorum de hoc loco mentionem non fecerunt.</p><p title="I q. 102 a. 1 ad 4"><a name="32666"><span class="ref">[32666] Iª q. 102 a. 1 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3478 dicendum quod lignum vitae est quaedam materialis arbor, sic dicta
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3479 quia eius fructus habebat virtutem conservandi vitam, ut supra
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3480 dictum est. Et tamen aliquid significabat spiritualiter, sicut et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3481 petra in deserto fuit aliquod materiale, et tamen significavit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3482 Christum. Similiter etiam lignum scientiae boni et mali materialis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3483 arbor fuit, sic nominata propter eventum futurum, quia post eius
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3484 esum homo, per experimentum poenae, didicit quid interesset inter
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3485 obedientiae bonum et inobedientiae malum. Et tamen spiritualiter
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3486 potuit significare liberum arbitrium, ut quidam dicunt.</p><p title="I q. 102 a. 1 ad 5"><a name="32667"><span class="ref">[32667] Iª q. 102 a. 1 ad 5</span></a> Ad quintum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3487 dicendum quod, secundum Augustinum, tertio die productae sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3488 plantae non in actu, sed secundum quasdam rationes seminales; sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3489 post opera sex dierum productae sunt plantae tam Paradisi quam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3490 aliae in actu. Secundum alios vero sanctos, oportet dicere quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3491 omnes plantae productae sunt in actu tertio die, et etiam ligna
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3492 Paradisi, sed quod dicitur de plantatione lignorum Paradisi post
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3493 opera sex dierum, intelligitur per recapitulationem esse dictum.
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diff changeset
3494 Unde littera nostra habet, <i>plantaverat dominus Deus Paradisum
53
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diff changeset
3495 voluptatis a principio</i>.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 2</h3><p title="I q. 102 a. 2 arg. 1"><a name="32668"><span class="ref">[32668] Iª q. 102 a. 2 arg. 1</span></a> Ad secundum sic
28
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diff changeset
3496 proceditur. Videtur quod Paradisus non fuerit locus conveniens
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diff changeset
3497 habitationi humanae. Homo enim et Angelus similiter ad beatitudinem
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diff changeset
3498 ordinantur. Sed Angelus statim a principio factus est habitator
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diff changeset
3499 loci beatorum, scilicet caeli Empyrei. Ergo etiam ibi debuit
53
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diff changeset
3500 institui habitatio hominis.</p><p title="I q. 102 a. 2 arg. 2"><a name="32669"><span class="ref">[32669] Iª q. 102 a. 2 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea, si
28
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diff changeset
3501 locus aliquis debetur homini, aut debetur ei ratione animae, aut
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diff changeset
3502 ratione corporis. Si ratione animae, debetur ei pro loco caelum,
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diff changeset
3503 qui videtur esse locus naturalis animae, cum omnibus insitus sit
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diff changeset
3504 appetitus caeli. Ratione autem corporis, non debetur ei alius locus
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diff changeset
3505 quam aliis animalibus. Ergo Paradisus nullo modo fuit locus
53
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diff changeset
3506 conveniens habitationi humanae.</p><p title="I q. 102 a. 2 arg. 3"><a name="32670"><span class="ref">[32670] Iª q. 102 a. 2 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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diff changeset
3507 frustra est locus in quo nullum locatum continetur. Sed post
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diff changeset
3508 peccatum Paradisus non est locus habitationis humanae. Ergo, si est
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diff changeset
3509 locus habitationi humanae congruus, in vanum videtur a Deo
53
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diff changeset
3510 institutus fuisse.</p><p title="I q. 102 a. 2 arg. 4"><a name="32671"><span class="ref">[32671] Iª q. 102 a. 2 arg. 4</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3511 homini, cum sit temperatae complexionis congruus est locus
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diff changeset
3512 temperatus. Sed locus Paradisi non est locus temperatus, dicitur
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diff changeset
3513 enim esse sub aequinoctiali circulo, qui locus videtur esse
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diff changeset
3514 calidissimus, cum bis in anno sol pertranseat super summitatem
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diff changeset
3515 capitum eorum qui ibi habitant. Ergo Paradisus non est locus
53
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diff changeset
3516 congruus habitationi humanae.</p><p title="I q. 102 a. 2 s. c."><a name="32672"><span class="ref">[32672] Iª q. 102 a. 2 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28
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diff changeset
3517 quod Damascenus dicit de Paradiso, quod <i>est divina regio, et
53
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diff changeset
3518 digna eius qui secundum imaginem Dei erat, conversatio</i>.</p><p title="I q. 102 a. 2 co."><a name="32673"><span class="ref">[32673] Iª q. 102 a. 2 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
28
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diff changeset
3519 quod, sicut supra dictum est, homo sic erat incorruptibilis et
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diff changeset
3520 immortalis, non quia corpus eius dispositionem incorruptibilitatis
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diff changeset
3521 haberet, sed quia inerat animae vis quaedam ad praeservandum corpus
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diff changeset
3522 a corruptione. Corrumpi autem potest corpus humanum et ab interiori
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diff changeset
3523 et ab exteriori. Ab interiori quidem corrumpitur per consumptionem
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diff changeset
3524 humidi, et per senectutem, ut supra dictum est, cui corruptioni
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diff changeset
3525 occurrere poterat primus homo per esum ciborum. Inter ea vero quae
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diff changeset
3526 exterius corrumpunt, praecipuum videtur esse distemperatus aer,
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diff changeset
3527 unde huic corruptioni maxime occurritur per temperiem aeris. In
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diff changeset
3528 Paradiso autem utrumque invenitur, quia, ut Damascenus dicit,
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diff changeset
3529 <i>est locus temperato et tenuissimo et purissimo aere
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diff changeset
3530 circumfulgens, plantis semper floridis comatus</i>. Unde manifestum
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diff changeset
3531 est quod Paradisus est locus conveniens habitationi humanae,
53
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diff changeset
3532 secundum primae immortalitatis statum.</p><p title="I q. 102 a. 2 ad 1"><a name="32674"><span class="ref">[32674] Iª q. 102 a. 2 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28
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diff changeset
3533 dicendum quod caelum Empyreum est supremum corporalium locorum, et
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diff changeset
3534 est extra omnem mutabilitatem. Et quantum ad primum horum, est
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3535 locus congruus naturae angelicae, quia, sicut Augustinus dicit in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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diff changeset
3536 III de Trin., <i>Deus regit creaturam corporalem per
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3537 spiritualem</i>; unde conveniens est quod spiritualis natura sit
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diff changeset
3538 supra omnem corporalem constituta, sicut ei praesidens. Quantum
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diff changeset
3539 autem ad secundum, convenit statui beatitudinis, qui est firmatus
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3540 in summa stabilitate. Sic igitur locus beatitudinis congruit Angelo
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3541 secundum naturam suam, unde ibi creatus est. Non autem congruit
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diff changeset
3542 homini secundum suam naturam, cum non praesideat toti corporali
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diff changeset
3543 creaturae per modum gubernationis, sed competit ei solum ratione
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diff changeset
3544 beatitudinis. Unde non est positus a principio in caelo Empyreo;
53
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diff changeset
3545 sed illuc transferendus erat in statu finalis beatitudinis.</p><p title="I q. 102 a. 2 ad 2"><a name="32675"><span class="ref">[32675] Iª q. 102 a. 2 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
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diff changeset
3546 dicendum quod ridiculum est dicere quod animae, aut alicui
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3547 spirituali substantiae, sit aliquis locus naturalis, sed per
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3548 congruentiam quandam aliquis specialis locus creaturae incorporali
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3549 attribuitur. Paradisus ergo terrestris erat locus congruens homini
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3550 et quantum ad animam et quantum ad corpus, inquantum scilicet in
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3551 anima erat vis praeservandi corpus humanum a corruptione. Quod non
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3552 competebat aliis animalibus. Et ideo, ut Damascenus dicit, <i>in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3553 Paradiso nullum irrationalium habitabat</i>, licet ex quadam
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diff changeset
3554 dispensatione animalia fuerint illuc divinitus adducta ad Adam, et
53
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diff changeset
3555 serpens illuc accesserit per operationem Diaboli.</p><p title="I q. 102 a. 2 ad 3"><a name="32676"><span class="ref">[32676] Iª q. 102 a. 2 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
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diff changeset
3556 dicendum quod non propter hoc locus est frustra, quia non est ibi
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diff changeset
3557 hominum habitatio post peccatum, sicut etiam non frustra fuit
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diff changeset
3558 homini attributa immortalitas quaedam, quam conservaturus non erat.
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diff changeset
3559 Per huiusmodi enim ostenditur benignitas Dei ad hominem, et quid
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diff changeset
3560 homo peccando amiserit. Quamvis, ut dicitur, nunc Enoch et Elias in
53
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diff changeset
3561 illo Paradiso habitent.</p><p title="I q. 102 a. 2 ad 4"><a name="32677"><span class="ref">[32677] Iª q. 102 a. 2 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
28
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diff changeset
3562 dicendum quod illi qui dicunt Paradisum esse sub circulo
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diff changeset
3563 aequinoctiali, opinantur sub circulo illo esse locum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3564 temperatissimum, propter aequalitatem dierum et noctium omni
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diff changeset
3565 tempore; et quia sol nunquam multum ab eis elongatur, ut sit apud
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3566 eos superabundantia frigoris; nec iterum est apud eos, ut dicunt,
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diff changeset
3567 superabundantia caloris, quia etsi sol pertranseat super eorum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3568 capita, non tamen diu moratur ibi in hac dispositione. Aristoteles
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3569 tamen, in libro Meteor., expresse dicit quod regio illa est
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3570 inhabitabilis propter aestum. Quod videtur probabilius, quia terrae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3571 per quas nunquam sol pertransit in directum capitis, sunt
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3572 intemperatae in calore propter solam vicinitatem solis. Quidquid
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diff changeset
3573 autem de hoc sit, credendum est Paradisum in loco temperatissimo
53
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diff changeset
3574 constitutum esse, vel sub aequinoctiali vel alibi.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 3</h3><p title="I q. 102 a. 3 arg. 1"><a name="32678"><span class="ref">[32678] Iª q. 102 a. 3 arg. 1</span></a> Ad tertium sic
28
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diff changeset
3575 proceditur. Videtur quod homo non sit positus in Paradiso ut
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diff changeset
3576 operaretur et custodiret illum. Quod enim introductum est in poenam
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diff changeset
3577 peccati, non fuisset in Paradiso in statu innocentiae. Sed
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diff changeset
3578 agricultura introducta est in poenam peccati, ut dicitur Gen. III.
53
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diff changeset
3579 Ergo homo non fuit positus in Paradiso ut operaretur ipsum.</p><p title="I q. 102 a. 3 arg. 2"><a name="32679"><span class="ref">[32679] Iª q. 102 a. 3 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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diff changeset
3580 custodia non est necessaria, ubi non timetur violentus invasor. Sed
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diff changeset
3581 in Paradiso nullus timebatur violentus invasor. Ergo non erat
53
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diff changeset
3582 necessarium ut Paradisum custodiret.</p><p title="I q. 102 a. 3 arg. 3"><a name="32680"><span class="ref">[32680] Iª q. 102 a. 3 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea, si
28
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diff changeset
3583 homo positus est in Paradiso ut operaretur et custodiret ipsum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3584 videtur sequi quod homo factus sit propter Paradisum, et non e
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diff changeset
3585 converso, quod videtur esse falsum. Ergo homo non est positus in
53
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diff changeset
3586 Paradiso ut operaretur et custodiret illum.</p><p title="I q. 102 a. 3 s. c."><a name="32681"><span class="ref">[32681] Iª q. 102 a. 3 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28
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diff changeset
3587 quod dicitur Gen. II, <i>tulit dominus Deus hominem, et posuit
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diff changeset
3588 illum in Paradiso voluptatis, ut operaretur et custodiret
53
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diff changeset
3589 illum</i>.</p><p title="I q. 102 a. 3 co."><a name="32682"><span class="ref">[32682] Iª q. 102 a. 3 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
28
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diff changeset
3590 quod, sicut Augustinus dicit VIII super Gen. ad Litt., verbum istud
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3591 Genesis dupliciter potest intelligi. Uno modo sic, quod Deus posuit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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diff changeset
3592 hominem in Paradiso, ut ipse Deus operaretur et custodiret hominem,
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diff changeset
3593 operaretur, inquam, iustificando ipsum, cuius operatio si ab homine
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diff changeset
3594 cesset, continuo obtenebratur, sicut aer obtenebratur si cesset
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diff changeset
3595 influentia luminis; ut custodiret vero ab omni corruptione et malo.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3596 Alio modo potest intelligi, ut homo operaretur et custodiret
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diff changeset
3597 Paradisum. Nec tamen illa operatio esset laboriosa, sicut post
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diff changeset
3598 peccatum, sed fuisset iucunda, propter experientiam virtutis
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diff changeset
3599 naturae. Custodia etiam illa non esset contra invasores, sed esset
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diff changeset
3600 ad hoc quod homo sibi Paradisum custodiret, ne ipsum peccando
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diff changeset
3601 amitteret. Et hoc totum in bonum hominis cedebat, et sic Paradisus
53
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diff changeset
3602 ordinatur ad bonum hominis, et non e converso.</p><p title="I q. 102 a. 3 ad arg."><a name="32683"><span class="ref">[32683] Iª q. 102 a. 3 ad arg.</span></a> Et per hoc
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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diff changeset
3603 patet responsio ad obiecta.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 4</h3><p title="I q. 102 a. 4 arg. 1"><a name="32684"><span class="ref">[32684] Iª q. 102 a. 4 arg. 1</span></a> Ad quartum sic
28
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diff changeset
3604 proceditur. Videtur quod homo factus fuerit in Paradiso. Angelus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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diff changeset
3605 enim in loco suae habitationis creatus fuit, scilicet in caelo
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diff changeset
3606 Empyreo. Sed Paradisus fuit locus congruus habitationi humanae ante
53
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diff changeset
3607 peccatum. Ergo videtur quod in Paradiso homo debuit fieri.</p><p title="I q. 102 a. 4 arg. 2"><a name="32685"><span class="ref">[32685] Iª q. 102 a. 4 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea, alia
28
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diff changeset
3608 animalia conservantur in loco suae generationis; sicut pisces in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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diff changeset
3609 aquis, et animalia gressibilia in terra, unde producta sunt. Homo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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diff changeset
3610 autem conservatus fuisset in Paradiso, ut dictum est. Ergo in
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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diff changeset
3611 Paradiso fieri debuit.</p><p title="I q. 102 a. 4 arg. 3"><a name="32686"><span class="ref">[32686] Iª q. 102 a. 4 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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diff changeset
3612 mulier in Paradiso facta fuit. Sed vir dignior est muliere. Ergo
53
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diff changeset
3613 multo magis vir debuit fieri in Paradiso.</p><p title="I q. 102 a. 4 s. c."><a name="32687"><span class="ref">[32687] Iª q. 102 a. 4 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28
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diff changeset
3614 quod dicitur Gen. II, <i>tulit Deus hominem, et posuit eum in
53
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diff changeset
3615 Paradiso</i>.</p><p title="I q. 102 a. 4 co."><a name="32688"><span class="ref">[32688] Iª q. 102 a. 4 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
28
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diff changeset
3616 quod Paradisus fuit locus congruus habitationi humanae, quantum ad
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diff changeset
3617 incorruptionem primi status. Incorruptio autem illa non erat
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3618 hominis secundum naturam, sed ex supernaturali Dei dono. Ut ergo
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diff changeset
3619 hoc gratiae Dei imputaretur, non humanae naturae, Deus hominem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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diff changeset
3620 extra Paradisum fecit, et postea ipsum in Paradiso posuit, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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diff changeset
3621 habitaret ibi toto tempore animalis vitae, postmodum, cum
53
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diff changeset
3622 spiritualem vitam adeptus esset, transferendus in caelum.</p><p title="I q. 102 a. 4 ad 1"><a name="32689"><span class="ref">[32689] Iª q. 102 a. 4 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28
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diff changeset
3623 dicendum quod caelum Empyreum est locus congruus Angelis etiam
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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diff changeset
3624 quantum ad eorum naturam, et ideo ibi sunt creati.</p><p title="I q. 102 a. 4 ad 2"><a name="32690"><span class="ref">[32690] Iª q. 102 a. 4 ad 2</span></a> Et similiter
28
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diff changeset
3625 dicendum ad secundum. Loca enim illa congruunt animalibus secundum
53
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diff changeset
3626 suam naturam.</p><p title="I q. 102 a. 4 ad 3"><a name="32691"><span class="ref">[32691] Iª q. 102 a. 4 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3627 dicendum quod mulier facta fuit in Paradiso non propter dignitatem
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3628 suam, sed propter dignitatem principii ex quo corpus eius
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3629 formabatur. Quia similiter et filii in Paradiso fuissent nati, in
53
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diff changeset
3630 quo parentes iam erant positi.</p></div></div><div class="centro"><br/>
59
03759e5c1080 fix multi-para s.c.
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diff changeset
3631 <p><a href="sth1084.html"><img src="icons/ageretro.gif" width="19" height="19" align="middle" border="0" alt="age retro"/></a>  
03759e5c1080 fix multi-para s.c.
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diff changeset
3632 <a href="sth1103.html"><img src="icons/ageultra.gif" width="19" height="19" align="middle" border="0" alt="age ultra"/></a></p>
53
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3633 <br/>
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3634 <hr/>
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3635 <br/>
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3636 <address>© 2006 Fundación Tomás de Aquino quoad
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3637 hanc editionem<br/>
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3638 Iura omnia asservantur<br/>
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3639 OCLC nr. <a href="http://worldcatlibraries.org/wcpa/oclc/49644264" style="text-decoration=none">49644264</a></address>
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3640 </div></body>
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3641 </html>