annotate summa/latin/sth3001.html @ 53:d777cc3962f2

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date Mon, 28 Dec 2009 13:00:58 +0000
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1 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
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2 <!DOCTYPE html
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3 PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "file:///c:/cygwin/usr/local/share/lib/xml/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
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4 <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="LA" lang="LA">
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5 <head>
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6 <meta content="HTML Tidy for Windows (vers 1st February 2005), see www.w3.org" name="generator"/>
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7 <meta content="text/html; charset=us-ascii" http-equiv="Content-Type"/>
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8 <meta content="text/css" http-equiv="Content-Style-Type"/>
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9 <meta content="text/javascript" http-equiv="Content-Script-Type"/>
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10 <meta content="Thomas de Aquino, Summa Theologiae, Corpus Thomisticum" name="keywords"/>
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11 <meta content="Latin" name="language"/>
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12 <meta content="public" name="security"/>
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13 <meta content="ealarcon@unav.es" name="owner"/>
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14 <meta content="Enrique Alarcón" name="author"/>
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15 <meta content="" name="abstract"/>
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17 <link type="text/css" href="vprint.css" media="print" rel="stylesheet"/>
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18 <title>Thomas de Aquino, Summa Theologiae, IIª-IIae q.
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19 1-16</title>
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20 </head>
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21 <body><a href="http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/"/><div class="tres">CORPUS THOMISTICUM</div><div class="uno">Sancti Thomae de Aquino</div><div class="uno">Summa Theologiae</div><div class="dos">secunda pars secundae partis a quaestione I ad
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22 quaestionem XVI</div><div class="centro">
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23 <table summary="Imago" align="center">
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24 <tr>
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25 <th><img align="middle" alt="Thomas de Aquino a Filippino Lippi depictus (Cappella Carafa, S. Maria sopra Minerva, Roma)" border="0" height="190" width="275" src="icons/fugit190.jpg"/></th>
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26 </tr>
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27 </table>
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28 <br/>
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29 <span class="tres">Textum Leoninum Romae 1895 editum<br/>
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30 ac automato translatum a Roberto Busa SJ in taenias
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31 magneticas<br/>
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32 denuo recognovit Enrique Alarcón atque instruxit<br/>
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33 <br/></span><br/>
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34 <hr/>
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35 <br/>
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36 <p><a href="sth3000.html"><img alt="age retro" border="0" align="middle" height="19" width="19" src="icons/ageretro.gif"/></a>  
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37 <a href="sth3017.html"><img alt="age ultra" border="0" align="middle" height="19" width="19" src="icons/ageultra.gif"/></a></p>
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38 <script type="text/javascript" language="JavaScript">
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39 //
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40 &lt;!--
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41 // original code by Bill Trefzger 12/12/96; revised by Enrique Alarcon 12/9/2000
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42 function go(){if(document.selecter.select1.options[document.selecter.select1.selectedIndex].value !="none"){location=document.selecter.select1.options[document.selecter.select1.selectedIndex].value}}
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45 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="none"&gt;------------------------------------------------');
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134 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38821"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 1 a. 9 arg. 6');
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diff changeset
135 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38822"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 1 a. 9 s. c.');
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diff changeset
136 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38823"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 1 a. 9 co.');
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diff changeset
137 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38824"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 1 a. 9 ad 1');
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diff changeset
138 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38825"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 1 a. 9 ad 2');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
139 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38826"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 1 a. 9 ad 3');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
140 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38827"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 1 a. 9 ad 4');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
141 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38828"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 1 a. 9 ad 5');
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diff changeset
142 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38829"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 1 a. 9 ad 6');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
143 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38830"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 1 a. 10 arg. 1');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
144 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38831"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 1 a. 10 arg. 2');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
145 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38832"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 1 a. 10 arg. 3');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
146 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38833"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 1 a. 10 s. c.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
147 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38834"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 1 a. 10 co.');
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diff changeset
148 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38835"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 1 a. 10 ad 1');
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diff changeset
149 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38836"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 1 a. 10 ad 2');
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diff changeset
150 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38837"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 1 a. 10 ad 3');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
151 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38838"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 2 pr.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
152 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38839"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 2 a. 1 arg. 1');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
153 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38840"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 2 a. 1 arg. 2');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
154 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38841"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 2 a. 1 arg. 3');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
155 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38842"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 2 a. 1 s. c.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
156 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38843"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 2 a. 1 co.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
157 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38844"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 2 a. 1 ad 1');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
158 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38845"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 2 a. 1 ad 2');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
159 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38846"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 2 a. 1 ad 3');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
160 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38847"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 2 a. 2 arg. 1');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
161 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38848"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 2 a. 2 arg. 2');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
162 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38849"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 2 a. 2 arg. 3');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
163 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38850"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 2 a. 2 arg. 4');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
164 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38851"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 2 a. 2 s. c.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
165 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38852"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 2 a. 2 co.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
166 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38853"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 2 a. 2 ad 1');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
167 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38854"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 2 a. 2 ad 2');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
168 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38855"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 2 a. 2 ad 3');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
169 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38856"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 2 a. 2 ad 4');
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parents: 28
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170 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38857"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 2 a. 3 arg. 1');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
171 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38858"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 2 a. 3 arg. 2');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
172 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38859"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 2 a. 3 arg. 3');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
173 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38860"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 2 a. 3 s. c.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
174 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38861"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 2 a. 3 co.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
175 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38862"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 2 a. 3 ad 1');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
176 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38863"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 2 a. 3 ad 2');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
177 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38864"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 2 a. 3 ad 3');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
178 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38865"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 2 a. 4 arg. 1');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
179 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38866"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 2 a. 4 arg. 2');
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parents: 28
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180 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38867"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 2 a. 4 arg. 3');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
181 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38868"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 2 a. 4 s. c.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
182 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38869"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 2 a. 4 co.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
183 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38870"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 2 a. 4 ad 1');
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parents: 28
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184 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38871"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 2 a. 4 ad 2');
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parents: 28
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185 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38872"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 2 a. 4 ad 3');
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parents: 28
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186 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38873"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 2 a. 5 arg. 1');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
187 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38874"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 2 a. 5 arg. 2');
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parents: 28
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188 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38875"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 2 a. 5 arg. 3');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
189 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38876"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 2 a. 5 s. c.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
190 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38877"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 2 a. 5 co.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
191 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38878"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 2 a. 5 ad 1');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
192 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38879"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 2 a. 5 ad 2');
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parents: 28
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193 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38880"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 2 a. 5 ad 3');
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parents: 28
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194 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38881"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 2 a. 6 arg. 1');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
195 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38882"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 2 a. 6 arg. 2');
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parents: 28
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196 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38883"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 2 a. 6 arg. 3');
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parents: 28
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197 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38884"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 2 a. 6 s. c.');
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parents: 28
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198 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38885"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 2 a. 6 co.');
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parents: 28
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199 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38886"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 2 a. 6 ad 1');
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parents: 28
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200 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38887"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 2 a. 6 ad 2');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
201 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38888"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 2 a. 6 ad 3');
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parents: 28
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202 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38889"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 2 a. 7 arg. 1');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
203 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38890"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 2 a. 7 arg. 2');
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parents: 28
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204 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38891"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 2 a. 7 arg. 3');
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parents: 28
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205 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38892"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 2 a. 7 s. c.');
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parents: 28
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206 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38893"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 2 a. 7 co.');
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parents: 28
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207 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38894"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 2 a. 7 ad 1');
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parents: 28
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208 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38895"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 2 a. 7 ad 2');
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parents: 28
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209 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38896"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 2 a. 7 ad 3');
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parents: 28
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210 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38897"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 2 a. 8 arg. 1');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
211 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38898"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 2 a. 8 arg. 2');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
212 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38899"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 2 a. 8 arg. 3');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
213 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38900"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 2 a. 8 s. c.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
214 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38901"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 2 a. 8 co.');
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parents: 28
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215 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38902"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 2 a. 8 ad 1');
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parents: 28
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216 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38903"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 2 a. 8 ad 2');
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parents: 28
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217 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38904"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 2 a. 8 ad 3');
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parents: 28
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218 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38905"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 2 a. 9 arg. 1');
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parents: 28
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219 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38906"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 2 a. 9 arg. 2');
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parents: 28
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220 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38907"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 2 a. 9 arg. 3');
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parents: 28
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221 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38908"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 2 a. 9 s. c.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
222 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38909"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 2 a. 9 co.');
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parents: 28
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223 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38910"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 2 a. 9 ad 1');
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parents: 28
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224 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38911"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 2 a. 9 ad 2');
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parents: 28
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225 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38912"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 2 a. 9 ad 3');
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parents: 28
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226 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38913"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 2 a. 10 arg. 1');
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parents: 28
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227 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38914"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 2 a. 10 arg. 2');
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parents: 28
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228 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38915"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 2 a. 10 arg. 3');
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parents: 28
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229 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38916"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 2 a. 10 s. c.');
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parents: 28
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230 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38917"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 2 a. 10 co.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
231 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38918"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 2 a. 10 ad 1');
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parents: 28
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232 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38919"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 2 a. 10 ad 2');
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parents: 28
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233 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38920"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 2 a. 10 ad 3');
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parents: 28
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234 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38921"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 3 pr.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
235 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38922"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 3 a. 1 arg. 1');
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parents: 28
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236 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38923"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 3 a. 1 arg. 2');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
237 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38924"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 3 a. 1 arg. 3');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
238 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38925"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 3 a. 1 s. c.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
239 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38926"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 3 a. 1 co.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
240 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38927"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 3 a. 1 ad 1');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
241 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38928"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 3 a. 1 ad 2');
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parents: 28
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242 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38929"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 3 a. 1 ad 3');
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parents: 28
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243 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38930"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 3 a. 2 arg. 1');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
244 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38931"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 3 a. 2 arg. 2');
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parents: 28
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245 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38932"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 3 a. 2 arg. 3');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
246 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38933"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 3 a. 2 s. c.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
247 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38934"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 3 a. 2 co.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
248 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38935"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 3 a. 2 ad 1');
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parents: 28
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249 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38936"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 3 a. 2 ad 2');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
250 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38937"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 3 a. 2 ad 3');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
251 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38938"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 4 pr.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
252 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38939"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 4 a. 1 arg. 1');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
253 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38940"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 4 a. 1 arg. 2');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
254 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38941"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 4 a. 1 arg. 3');
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parents: 28
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255 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38942"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 4 a. 1 arg. 4');
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parents: 28
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256 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38943"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 4 a. 1 arg. 5');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
257 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38944"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 4 a. 1 s. c.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
258 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38945"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 4 a. 1 co.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
259 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38946"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 4 a. 1 ad 1');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
260 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38947"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 4 a. 1 ad 2');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
261 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38948"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 4 a. 1 ad 3');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
262 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38949"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 4 a. 1 ad 4');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
263 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38950"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 4 a. 1 ad 5');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
264 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38951"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 4 a. 2 arg. 1');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
265 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38952"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 4 a. 2 arg. 2');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
266 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38953"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 4 a. 2 arg. 3');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
267 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38954"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 4 a. 2 s. c.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
268 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38955"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 4 a. 2 co.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
269 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38956"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 4 a. 2 ad 1');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
270 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38957"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 4 a. 2 ad 2');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
271 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38958"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 4 a. 2 ad 3');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
272 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38959"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 4 a. 3 arg. 1');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
273 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38960"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 4 a. 3 arg. 2');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
274 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38961"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 4 a. 3 arg. 3');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
275 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38962"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 4 a. 3 s. c.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
276 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38963"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 4 a. 3 co.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
277 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38964"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 4 a. 3 ad 1');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
278 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38965"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 4 a. 3 ad 2');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
279 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38966"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 4 a. 3 ad 3');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
280 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38967"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 4 a. 4 arg. 1');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
281 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38968"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 4 a. 4 arg. 2');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
282 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38969"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 4 a. 4 arg. 3');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
283 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38970"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 4 a. 4 arg. 4');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
284 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38971"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 4 a. 4 s. c.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
285 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38972"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 4 a. 4 co.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
286 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38973"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 4 a. 4 ad 1');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
287 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38974"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 4 a. 4 ad 2');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
288 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38975"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 4 a. 4 ad 3');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
289 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38976"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 4 a. 4 ad 4');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
290 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38977"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 4 a. 5 arg. 1');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
291 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38978"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 4 a. 5 arg. 2');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
292 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38979"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 4 a. 5 arg. 3');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
293 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38980"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 4 a. 5 arg. 4');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
294 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38981"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 4 a. 5 s. c.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
295 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38982"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 4 a. 5 co.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
296 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38983"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 4 a. 5 ad 1');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
297 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38984"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 4 a. 5 ad 2');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
298 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38985"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 4 a. 5 ad 3');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
299 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38986"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 4 a. 5 ad 4');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
300 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38987"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 4 a. 6 arg. 1');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
301 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38988"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 4 a. 6 arg. 2');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
302 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38989"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 4 a. 6 arg. 3');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
303 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38990"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 4 a. 6 s. c.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
304 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38991"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 4 a. 6 co.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
305 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38992"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 4 a. 6 ad 1');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
306 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38993"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 4 a. 6 ad 2');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
307 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38994"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 4 a. 6 ad 3');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
308 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38995"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 4 a. 7 arg. 1');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
309 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38996"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 4 a. 7 arg. 2');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
310 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38997"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 4 a. 7 arg. 3');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
311 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38998"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 4 a. 7 arg. 4');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
312 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#38999"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 4 a. 7 arg. 5');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
313 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#39000"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 4 a. 7 s. c.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
314 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#39001"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 4 a. 7 co.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
315 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#39002"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 4 a. 7 ad 1');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
316 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#39003"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 4 a. 7 ad 2');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
317 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#39004"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 4 a. 7 ad 3');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
318 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#39005"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 4 a. 7 ad 4');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
319 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#39006"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 4 a. 7 ad 5');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
320 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#39007"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 4 a. 8 arg. 1');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
321 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#39008"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 4 a. 8 arg. 2');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
322 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#39009"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 4 a. 8 arg. 3');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
323 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#39010"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 4 a. 8 s. c.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
324 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#39011"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 4 a. 8 co.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
325 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#39012"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 4 a. 8 ad 1');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
326 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#39013"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 4 a. 8 ad 2');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
327 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#39014"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 4 a. 8 ad 3');
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ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
328 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#39015"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 5 pr.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
329 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#39016"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 5 a. 1 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
330 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#39017"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 5 a. 1 arg. 2');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
331 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#39018"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 5 a. 1 arg. 3');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
332 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#39019"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 5 a. 1 s. c.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
333 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#39020"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 5 a. 1 co.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
334 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#39021"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 5 a. 1 ad 1');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
335 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#39022"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 5 a. 1 ad 2');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
336 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#39023"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 5 a. 1 ad 3');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
337 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#39024"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 5 a. 2 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
338 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#39025"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 5 a. 2 arg. 2');
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parents: 28
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339 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#39026"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 5 a. 2 arg. 3');
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parents: 28
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340 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#39027"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 5 a. 2 s. c.');
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parents: 28
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341 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#39028"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 5 a. 2 co.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
342 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#39029"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 5 a. 2 ad 1');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
343 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#39030"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 5 a. 2 ad 2');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
344 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#39031"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 5 a. 2 ad 3');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
345 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#39032"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 5 a. 3 arg. 1');
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parents: 28
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346 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#39033"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 5 a. 3 arg. 2');
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parents: 28
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347 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#39034"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 5 a. 3 arg. 3');
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parents: 28
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348 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#39035"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 5 a. 3 s. c.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
349 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#39036"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 5 a. 3 co.');
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parents: 28
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350 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#39037"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 5 a. 3 ad 1');
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parents: 28
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351 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#39038"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 5 a. 3 ad 2');
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parents: 28
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352 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#39039"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 5 a. 3 ad 3');
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parents: 28
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353 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#39040"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 5 a. 4 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
354 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#39041"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 5 a. 4 arg. 2');
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parents: 28
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355 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#39042"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 5 a. 4 arg. 3');
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parents: 28
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356 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#39043"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 5 a. 4 s. c.');
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parents: 28
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357 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#39044"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 5 a. 4 co.');
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parents: 28
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358 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#39045"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 5 a. 4 ad 1');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
359 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#39046"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 5 a. 4 ad 2');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
360 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#39047"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 5 a. 4 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
361 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#39048"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 6 pr.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
362 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#39049"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 6 a. 1 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
363 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#39050"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 6 a. 1 arg. 2');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
364 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#39051"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 6 a. 1 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
365 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#39052"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 6 a. 1 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
366 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#39053"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 6 a. 1 co.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
367 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#39054"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 6 a. 1 ad 1');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
368 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#39055"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 6 a. 1 ad 2');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
369 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#39056"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 6 a. 1 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
370 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#39057"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 6 a. 2 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
371 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#39058"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 6 a. 2 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
372 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#39059"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 6 a. 2 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
373 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#39060"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 6 a. 2 s. c.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
374 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#39061"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 6 a. 2 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
375 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#39062"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 6 a. 2 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
376 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#39063"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 6 a. 2 ad 2');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
377 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#39064"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 6 a. 2 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
378 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#39065"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 7 pr.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
379 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#39066"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 7 a. 1 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
380 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#39067"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 7 a. 1 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
381 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#39068"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 7 a. 1 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
382 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#39069"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 7 a. 1 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
383 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#39070"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 7 a. 1 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
384 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#39071"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 7 a. 1 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
385 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#39072"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 7 a. 1 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
386 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#39073"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 7 a. 1 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
387 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#39074"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 7 a. 2 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
388 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#39075"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 7 a. 2 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
389 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#39076"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 7 a. 2 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
390 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#39077"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 7 a. 2 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
391 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#39078"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 7 a. 2 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
392 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#39079"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 7 a. 2 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
393 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#39080"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 7 a. 2 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
394 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#39081"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 7 a. 2 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
395 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#39082"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 8 pr.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
396 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#39083"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 8 a. 1 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
397 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#39084"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 8 a. 1 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
398 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#39085"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 8 a. 1 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
399 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#39086"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 8 a. 1 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
400 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#39087"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 8 a. 1 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
401 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#39088"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 8 a. 1 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
402 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#39089"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 8 a. 1 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
403 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#39090"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 8 a. 1 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
404 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#39091"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 8 a. 2 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
405 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#39092"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 8 a. 2 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
406 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#39093"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 8 a. 2 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
407 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#39094"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 8 a. 2 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
408 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#39095"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 8 a. 2 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
409 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#39096"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 8 a. 2 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
410 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#39097"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 8 a. 3 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
411 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#39098"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 8 a. 3 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
412 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#39099"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 8 a. 3 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
413 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#39100"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 8 a. 3 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
414 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#39101"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 8 a. 3 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
415 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#39102"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 8 a. 3 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
416 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#39103"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 8 a. 3 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
417 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#39104"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 8 a. 3 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
418 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#39105"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 8 a. 4 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
419 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#39106"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 8 a. 4 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
420 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#39107"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 8 a. 4 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
421 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#39108"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 8 a. 4 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
422 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#39109"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 8 a. 4 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
423 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#39110"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 8 a. 4 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
424 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#39111"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 8 a. 4 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
425 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#39112"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 8 a. 4 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
426 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#39113"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 8 a. 5 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
427 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#39114"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 8 a. 5 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
428 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#39115"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 8 a. 5 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
429 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#39116"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 8 a. 5 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
430 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#39117"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 8 a. 5 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
431 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#39118"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 8 a. 5 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
432 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#39119"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 8 a. 5 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
433 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#39120"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 8 a. 5 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
434 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#39121"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 8 a. 6 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
435 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#39122"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 8 a. 6 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
436 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#39123"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 8 a. 6 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
437 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#39124"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 8 a. 6 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
438 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#39125"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 8 a. 6 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
439 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#39126"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 8 a. 6 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
440 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#39127"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 8 a. 6 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
441 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#39128"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 8 a. 6 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
442 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#39129"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 8 a. 7 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
443 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#39130"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 8 a. 7 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
444 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#39131"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 8 a. 7 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
445 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#39132"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 8 a. 7 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
446 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#39133"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 8 a. 7 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
447 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#39134"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 8 a. 7 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
448 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#39135"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 8 a. 8 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
449 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#39136"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 8 a. 8 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
450 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#39137"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 8 a. 8 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
451 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#39138"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 8 a. 8 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
452 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#39139"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 8 a. 8 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
453 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#39140"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 8 a. 8 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
454 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#39141"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 8 a. 8 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
455 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#39142"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 8 a. 8 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
456 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#39143"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 9 pr.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
457 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#39144"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 9 a. 1 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
458 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#39145"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 9 a. 1 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
459 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#39146"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 9 a. 1 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
460 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#39147"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 9 a. 1 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
461 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#39148"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 9 a. 1 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
462 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#39149"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 9 a. 1 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
463 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#39150"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 9 a. 1 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
464 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#39151"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 9 a. 1 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
465 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#39152"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 9 a. 2 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
466 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#39153"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 9 a. 2 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
467 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#39154"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 9 a. 2 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
468 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#39155"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 9 a. 2 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
469 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#39156"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 9 a. 2 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
470 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#39157"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 9 a. 2 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
471 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#39158"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 9 a. 2 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
472 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#39159"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 9 a. 2 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
473 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#39160"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 9 a. 3 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
474 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#39161"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 9 a. 3 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
475 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#39162"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 9 a. 3 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
476 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#39163"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 9 a. 3 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
477 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#39164"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 9 a. 3 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
478 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#39165"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 9 a. 3 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
479 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#39166"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 9 a. 3 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
480 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#39167"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 9 a. 3 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
481 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#39168"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 9 a. 4 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
482 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#39169"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 9 a. 4 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
483 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#39170"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 9 a. 4 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
484 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#39171"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 9 a. 4 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
485 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#39172"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 9 a. 4 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
486 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#39173"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 9 a. 4 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
487 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#39174"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 9 a. 4 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
488 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#39175"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 9 a. 4 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
489 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#39176"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 10 pr.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
490 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#39177"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 10 a. 1 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
491 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#39178"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 10 a. 1 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
492 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#39179"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 10 a. 1 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
493 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#39180"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 10 a. 1 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
494 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#39181"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 10 a. 1 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
495 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#39182"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 10 a. 1 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
496 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#39183"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 10 a. 1 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
497 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#39184"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 10 a. 1 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
498 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#39185"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 10 a. 2 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
499 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#39186"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 10 a. 2 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
500 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#39187"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 10 a. 2 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
501 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#39188"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 10 a. 2 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
502 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#39189"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 10 a. 2 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
503 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#39190"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 10 a. 2 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
504 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#39191"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 10 a. 2 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
505 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#39192"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 10 a. 2 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
506 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#39193"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 10 a. 3 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
507 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#39194"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 10 a. 3 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
508 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#39195"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 10 a. 3 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
509 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#39196"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 10 a. 3 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
510 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#39197"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 10 a. 3 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
511 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#39198"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 10 a. 3 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
512 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#39199"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 10 a. 3 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
513 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#39200"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 10 a. 3 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
514 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#39201"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 10 a. 4 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
515 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#39202"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 10 a. 4 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
516 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#39203"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 10 a. 4 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
517 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#39204"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 10 a. 4 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
518 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#39205"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 10 a. 4 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
519 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#39206"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 10 a. 4 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
520 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#39207"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 10 a. 4 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
521 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#39208"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 10 a. 4 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
522 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#39209"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 10 a. 5 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
523 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#39210"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 10 a. 5 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
524 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#39211"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 10 a. 5 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
525 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#39212"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 10 a. 5 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
526 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#39213"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 10 a. 5 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
527 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#39214"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 10 a. 5 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
528 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#39215"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 10 a. 5 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
529 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#39216"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 10 a. 5 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
530 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#39217"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 10 a. 6 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
531 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#39218"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 10 a. 6 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
532 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#39219"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 10 a. 6 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
533 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#39220"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 10 a. 6 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
534 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#39221"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 10 a. 6 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
535 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#39222"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 10 a. 6 ad');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
536 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#39223"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 10 a. 7 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
537 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#39224"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 10 a. 7 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
538 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#39225"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 10 a. 7 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
539 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#39226"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 10 a. 7 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
540 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#39227"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 10 a. 7 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
541 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#39228"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 10 a. 7 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
542 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#39229"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 10 a. 7 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
543 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#39230"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 10 a. 7 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
544 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#39231"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 10 a. 8 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
545 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#39232"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 10 a. 8 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
546 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#39233"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 10 a. 8 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
547 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#39234"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 10 a. 8 arg. 4');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
548 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#39235"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 10 a. 8 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
549 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#39236"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 10 a. 8 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
550 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#39237"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 10 a. 8 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
551 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#39238"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 10 a. 8 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
552 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#39239"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 10 a. 8 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
553 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#39240"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 10 a. 8 ad 4');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
554 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#39241"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 10 a. 9 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
555 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#39242"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 10 a. 9 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
556 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#39243"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 10 a. 9 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
557 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#39244"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 10 a. 9 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
558 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#39245"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 10 a. 9 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
559 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#39246"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 10 a. 9 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
560 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#39247"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 10 a. 9 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
561 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#39248"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 10 a. 9 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
562 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#39249"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 10 a. 10 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
563 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#39250"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 10 a. 10 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
564 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#39251"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 10 a. 10 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
565 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#39252"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 10 a. 10 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
566 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#39253"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 10 a. 10 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
567 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#39254"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 10 a. 10 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
568 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#39255"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 10 a. 10 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
569 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#39256"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 10 a. 10 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
570 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#39257"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 10 a. 11 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
571 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#39258"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 10 a. 11 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
572 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#39259"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 10 a. 11 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
573 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#39260"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 10 a. 11 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
574 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#39261"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 10 a. 11 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
575 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#39262"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 10 a. 11 ad');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
576 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#39263"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 10 a. 12 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
577 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#39264"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 10 a. 12 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
578 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#39265"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 10 a. 12 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
579 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#39266"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 10 a. 12 arg. 4');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
580 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#39267"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 10 a. 12 arg. 5');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
581 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#39268"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 10 a. 12 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
582 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#39269"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 10 a. 12 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
583 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#39270"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 10 a. 12 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
584 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#39271"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 10 a. 12 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
585 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#39272"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 10 a. 12 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
586 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#39273"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 10 a. 12 ad 4');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
587 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#39274"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 10 a. 12 ad 5');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
588 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#39275"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 11 pr.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
589 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#39276"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 11 a. 1 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
590 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#39277"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 11 a. 1 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
591 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#39278"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 11 a. 1 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
592 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#39279"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 11 a. 1 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
593 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#39280"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 11 a. 1 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
594 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#39281"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 11 a. 1 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
595 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#39282"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 11 a. 1 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
596 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#39283"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 11 a. 1 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
597 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#39284"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 11 a. 2 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
598 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#39285"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 11 a. 2 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
599 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#39286"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 11 a. 2 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
600 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#39287"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 11 a. 2 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
601 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#39288"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 11 a. 2 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
602 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#39289"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 11 a. 2 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
603 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#39290"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 11 a. 2 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
604 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#39291"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 11 a. 2 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
605 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#39292"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 11 a. 3 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
606 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#39293"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 11 a. 3 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
607 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#39294"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 11 a. 3 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
608 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#39295"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 11 a. 3 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
609 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#39296"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 11 a. 3 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
610 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#39297"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 11 a. 3 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
611 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#39298"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 11 a. 3 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
612 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#39299"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 11 a. 3 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
613 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#39300"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 11 a. 4 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
614 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#39301"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 11 a. 4 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
615 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#39302"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 11 a. 4 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
616 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#39303"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 11 a. 4 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
617 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#39304"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 11 a. 4 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
618 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#39305"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 11 a. 4 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
619 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#39306"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 11 a. 4 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
620 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#39307"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 11 a. 4 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
621 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#39308"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 12 pr.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
622 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#39309"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 12 a. 1 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
623 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#39310"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 12 a. 1 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
624 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#39311"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 12 a. 1 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
625 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#39312"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 12 a. 1 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
626 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#39313"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 12 a. 1 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
627 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#39314"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 12 a. 1 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
628 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#39315"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 12 a. 1 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
629 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#39316"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 12 a. 1 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
630 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#39317"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 12 a. 2 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
631 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#39318"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 12 a. 2 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
632 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#39319"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 12 a. 2 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
633 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#39320"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 12 a. 2 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
634 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#39321"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 12 a. 2 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
635 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#39322"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 12 a. 2 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
636 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#39323"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 12 a. 2 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
637 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#39324"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 12 a. 2 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
638 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#39325"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 13 pr.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
639 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#39326"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 13 a. 1 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
640 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#39327"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 13 a. 1 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
641 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#39328"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 13 a. 1 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
642 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#39329"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 13 a. 1 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
643 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#39330"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 13 a. 1 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
644 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#39331"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 13 a. 1 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
645 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#39332"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 13 a. 1 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
646 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#39333"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 13 a. 1 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
647 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#39334"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 13 a. 2 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
648 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#39335"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 13 a. 2 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
649 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#39336"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 13 a. 2 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
650 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#39337"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 13 a. 2 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
651 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#39338"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 13 a. 2 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
652 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#39339"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 13 a. 2 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
653 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#39340"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 13 a. 2 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
654 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#39341"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 13 a. 2 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
655 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#39342"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 13 a. 3 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
656 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#39343"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 13 a. 3 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
657 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#39344"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 13 a. 3 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
658 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#39345"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 13 a. 3 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
659 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#39346"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 13 a. 3 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
660 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#39347"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 13 a. 3 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
661 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#39348"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 13 a. 3 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
662 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#39349"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 13 a. 3 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
663 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#39350"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 13 a. 4 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
664 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#39351"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 13 a. 4 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
665 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#39352"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 13 a. 4 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
666 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#39353"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 13 a. 4 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
667 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#39354"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 13 a. 4 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
668 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#39355"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 13 a. 4 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
669 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#39356"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 13 a. 4 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
670 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#39357"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 13 a. 4 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
671 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#39358"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 14 pr.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
672 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#39359"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 14 a. 1 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
673 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#39360"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 14 a. 1 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
674 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#39361"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 14 a. 1 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
675 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#39362"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 14 a. 1 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
676 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#39363"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 14 a. 1 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
677 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#39364"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 14 a. 1 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
678 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#39365"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 14 a. 1 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
679 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#39366"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 14 a. 1 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
680 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#39367"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 14 a. 2 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
681 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#39368"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 14 a. 2 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
682 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#39369"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 14 a. 2 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
683 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#39370"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 14 a. 2 arg. 4');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
684 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#39371"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 14 a. 2 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
685 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#39372"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 14 a. 2 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
686 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#39373"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 14 a. 2 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
687 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#39374"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 14 a. 2 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
688 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#39375"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 14 a. 2 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
689 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#39376"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 14 a. 2 ad 4');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
690 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#39377"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 14 a. 3 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
691 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#39378"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 14 a. 3 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
692 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#39379"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 14 a. 3 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
693 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#39380"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 14 a. 3 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
694 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#39381"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 14 a. 3 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
695 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#39382"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 14 a. 3 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
696 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#39383"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 14 a. 3 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
697 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#39384"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 14 a. 3 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
698 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#39385"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 14 a. 4 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
699 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#39386"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 14 a. 4 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
700 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#39387"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 14 a. 4 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
701 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#39388"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 14 a. 4 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
702 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#39389"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 14 a. 4 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
703 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#39390"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 14 a. 4 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
704 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#39391"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 14 a. 4 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
705 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#39392"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 14 a. 4 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
706 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#39393"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 15 pr.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
707 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#39394"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 15 a. 1 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
708 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#39395"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 15 a. 1 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
709 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#39396"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 15 a. 1 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
710 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#39397"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 15 a. 1 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
711 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#39398"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 15 a. 1 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
712 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#39399"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 15 a. 1 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
713 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#39400"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 15 a. 1 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
714 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#39401"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 15 a. 1 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
715 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#39402"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 15 a. 2 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
716 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#39403"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 15 a. 2 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
717 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#39404"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 15 a. 2 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
718 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#39405"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 15 a. 2 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
719 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#39406"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 15 a. 2 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
720 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#39407"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 15 a. 2 ad');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
721 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#39408"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 15 a. 3 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
722 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#39409"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 15 a. 3 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
723 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#39410"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 15 a. 3 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
724 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#39411"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 15 a. 3 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
725 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#39412"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 15 a. 3 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
726 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#39413"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 15 a. 3 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
727 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#39414"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 15 a. 3 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
728 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#39415"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 15 a. 3 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
729 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#39416"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 16 pr.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
730 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#39417"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 16 a. 1 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
731 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#39418"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 16 a. 1 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
732 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#39419"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 16 a. 1 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
733 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#39420"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 16 a. 1 arg. 4');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
734 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#39421"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 16 a. 1 arg. 5');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
735 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#39422"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 16 a. 1 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
736 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#39423"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 16 a. 1 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
737 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#39424"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 16 a. 1 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
738 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#39425"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 16 a. 1 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
739 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#39426"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 16 a. 1 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
740 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#39427"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 16 a. 1 ad 4');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
741 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#39428"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 16 a. 1 ad 5');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
742 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#39429"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 16 a. 2 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
743 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#39430"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 16 a. 2 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
744 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#39431"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 16 a. 2 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
745 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#39432"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 16 a. 2 arg. 4');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
746 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#39433"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 16 a. 2 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
747 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#39434"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 16 a. 2 co.');
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748 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#39435"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 16 a. 2 ad 1');
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diff changeset
749 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#39436"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 16 a. 2 ad 2');
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diff changeset
750 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#39437"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 16 a. 2 ad 3');
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diff changeset
751 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#39438"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 16 a. 2 ad 4');
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diff changeset
752 document.write('&lt;\/SELECT&gt;');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
753 document.write('&lt;BR&gt;&lt;BR&gt;');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
754 document.write('&lt;INPUT TYPE="button" VALUE="Agedum" ONCLICK="go()"&gt;');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
755 document.write('&lt;\/FORM&gt;');
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diff changeset
756 // --&gt;
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diff changeset
757 //
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758 </script><br/>
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diff changeset
759 <hr/>
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760 <br/></div><div class="q" id="q1"><h2>Quaestio 1</h2><div class="p"><h3>Prooemium</h3><p title="II-II q. 1 pr."><a name="38737"><span class="ref">[38737]
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761 IIª-IIae q. 1 pr.</span></a> Circa virtutes igitur theologicas
28
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diff changeset
762 primo erit considerandum de fide; secundo, de spe; tertio, de
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diff changeset
763 caritate. Circa fidem vero quadruplex consideratio occurrit, prima
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parents: 26
diff changeset
764 quidem de ipsa fide; secunda de donis intellectus et scientiae sibi
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diff changeset
765 correspondentibus; tertia de vitiis oppositis; quarta de praeceptis
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parents: 26
diff changeset
766 ad hanc virtutem pertinentibus. Circa fidem vero primo erit
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parents: 26
diff changeset
767 considerandum de eius obiecto; secundo, de eius actu; tertio, de
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parents: 26
diff changeset
768 ipso habitu fidei. Circa primum quaeruntur decem. Primo, utrum
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diff changeset
769 obiectum fidei sit veritas prima. Secundo, utrum obiectum fidei sit
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parents: 26
diff changeset
770 aliquid complexum vel incomplexum, idest res aut enuntiabile.
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diff changeset
771 Tertio, utrum fidei possit subesse falsum. Quarto, utrum obiectum
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diff changeset
772 fidei possit esse aliquid visum. Quinto, utrum possit esse aliquid
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parents: 26
diff changeset
773 scitum. Sexto, utrum credibilia debeant distingui per certos
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parents: 26
diff changeset
774 articulos. Septimo, utrum iidem articuli subsint fidei secundum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
775 omne tempus. Octavo, de numero articulorum. Nono, de modo tradendi
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parents: 26
diff changeset
776 articulos in symbolo. Decimo, cuius sit fidei symbolum
53
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diff changeset
777 constituere.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 1</h3><p title="II-II q. 1 a. 1 arg. 1"><a name="38738"><span class="ref">[38738] IIª-IIae q. 1 a. 1 arg. 1</span></a> Ad primum
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
778 sic proceditur. Videtur quod obiectum fidei non sit veritas prima.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
779 Illud enim videtur esse obiectum fidei quod nobis proponitur ad
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parents: 26
diff changeset
780 credendum. Sed non solum proponuntur nobis ad credendum ea quae
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parents: 26
diff changeset
781 pertinent ad divinitatem, quae est veritas prima; sed etiam ea quae
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parents: 26
diff changeset
782 pertinent ad humanitatem Christi et Ecclesiae sacramenta et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
783 creaturarum conditionem. Ergo non solum veritas prima est fidei
53
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diff changeset
784 obiectum.</p><p title="II-II q. 1 a. 1 arg. 2"><a name="38739"><span class="ref">[38739] IIª-IIae q. 1 a. 1 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
785 fides et infidelitas sunt circa idem, cum sint opposita. Sed circa
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
786 omnia quae in sacra Scriptura continentur potest esse infidelitas,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
787 quidquid enim horum homo negaverit, infidelis reputatur. Ergo etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
788 fides est circa omnia quae in sacra Scriptura continentur. Sed ibi
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
789 multa continentur de hominibus et de aliis rebus creatis. Ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
790 obiectum fidei non solum est veritas prima, sed etiam veritas
53
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parents: 28
diff changeset
791 creata.</p><p title="II-II q. 1 a. 1 arg. 3"><a name="38740"><span class="ref">[38740] IIª-IIae q. 1 a. 1 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
792 fides caritati condividitur, ut supra dictum est. Sed caritate non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
793 solum diligimus Deum, qui est summa bonitas, sed etiam diligimus
53
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diff changeset
794 proximum. Ergo fidei obiectum non est solum veritas prima.</p><p title="II-II q. 1 a. 1 s. c."><a name="38741"><span class="ref">[38741] IIª-IIae q. 1 a. 1 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
795 est quod Dionysius dicit, VII cap. de Div. Nom., quod <i>fides est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
796 circa simplicem et semper existentem veritatem</i>. Haec autem est
53
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parents: 28
diff changeset
797 veritas prima. Ergo obiectum fidei est veritas prima.</p><p title="II-II q. 1 a. 1 co."><a name="38742"><span class="ref">[38742] IIª-IIae q. 1 a. 1 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
798 dicendum quod cuiuslibet cognoscitivi habitus obiectum duo habet,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
799 scilicet id quod materialiter cognoscitur, quod est sicut materiale
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
800 obiectum; et id per quod cognoscitur, quod est formalis ratio
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
801 obiecti. Sicut in scientia geometriae materialiter scita sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
802 conclusiones; formalis vero ratio sciendi sunt media
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
803 demonstrationis, per quae conclusiones cognoscuntur. Sic igitur in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
804 fide, si consideremus formalem rationem obiecti, nihil est aliud
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
805 quam veritas prima, non enim fides de qua loquimur assentit alicui
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parents: 26
diff changeset
806 nisi quia est a Deo revelatum; unde ipsi veritati divinae innititur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
807 tanquam medio. Si vero consideremus materialiter ea quibus fides
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
808 assentit, non solum est ipse Deus, sed etiam multa alia. Quae tamen
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
809 sub assensu fidei non cadunt nisi secundum quod habent aliquem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
810 ordinem ad Deum, prout scilicet per aliquos divinitatis effectus
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parents: 26
diff changeset
811 homo adiuvatur ad tendendum in divinam fruitionem. Et ideo etiam ex
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parents: 26
diff changeset
812 hac parte obiectum fidei est quodammodo veritas prima, inquantum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
813 nihil cadit sub fide nisi in ordine ad Deum, sicut etiam obiectum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
814 medicinae est sanitas, quia nihil medicina considerat nisi in
53
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diff changeset
815 ordine ad sanitatem.</p><p title="II-II q. 1 a. 1 ad 1"><a name="38743"><span class="ref">[38743] IIª-IIae q. 1 a. 1 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
816 ergo dicendum quod ea quae pertinent ad humanitatem Christi et ad
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parents: 26
diff changeset
817 sacramenta Ecclesiae vel ad quascumque creaturas cadunt sub fide
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
818 inquantum per haec ordinamur ad Deum. Et eis etiam assentimus
53
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diff changeset
819 propter divinam veritatem.</p><p title="II-II q. 1 a. 1 ad 2"><a name="38744"><span class="ref">[38744] IIª-IIae q. 1 a. 1 ad 2</span></a> Et similiter
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
820 dicendum est ad secundum, de omnibus illis quae in sacra Scriptura
53
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diff changeset
821 traduntur.</p><p title="II-II q. 1 a. 1 ad 3"><a name="38745"><span class="ref">[38745] IIª-IIae q. 1 a. 1 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
822 dicendum quod etiam caritas diligit proximum propter Deum; et sic
53
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diff changeset
823 obiectum eius proprie est ipse Deus, ut infra dicetur.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 2</h3><p title="II-II q. 1 a. 2 arg. 1"><a name="38746"><span class="ref">[38746] IIª-IIae q. 1 a. 2 arg. 1</span></a> Ad secundum
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
824 sic proceditur. Videtur quod obiectum fidei non sit aliquid
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parents: 26
diff changeset
825 complexum per modum enuntiabilis. Obiectum enim fidei est veritas
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parents: 26
diff changeset
826 prima, sicut dictum est. Sed prima veritas est aliquid incomplexum.
53
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diff changeset
827 Ergo obiectum fidei non est aliquid complexum.</p><p title="II-II q. 1 a. 2 arg. 2"><a name="38747"><span class="ref">[38747] IIª-IIae q. 1 a. 2 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
828 expositio fidei in symbolo continetur. Sed in symbolo non ponuntur
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parents: 26
diff changeset
829 enuntiabilia, sed res, non enim dicitur ibi quod Deus sit
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parents: 26
diff changeset
830 omnipotens, sed, credo in Deum omnipotentem. Ergo obiectum fidei
53
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diff changeset
831 non est enuntiabile, sed res.</p><p title="II-II q. 1 a. 2 arg. 3"><a name="38748"><span class="ref">[38748] IIª-IIae q. 1 a. 2 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
832 fidei succedit visio, secundum illud I ad Cor. XIII, <i>videmus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
833 nunc per speculum in aenigmate, tunc autem facie ad faciem</i>. Sed
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diff changeset
834 visio patriae est de incomplexo, cum sit ipsius divinae essentiae.
53
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835 Ergo etiam fides viae.</p><p title="II-II q. 1 a. 2 s. c."><a name="38749"><span class="ref">[38749] IIª-IIae q. 1 a. 2 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra,
28
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diff changeset
836 fides est media inter scientiam et opinionem. Medium autem et
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parents: 26
diff changeset
837 extrema sunt eiusdem generis. Cum igitur scientia et opinio sint
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
838 circa enuntiabilia, videtur quod similiter fides sit circa
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parents: 26
diff changeset
839 enuntiabilia. Et ita obiectum fidei, cum fides sit circa
53
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diff changeset
840 enuntiabilia, est aliquid complexum.</p><p title="II-II q. 1 a. 2 co."><a name="38750"><span class="ref">[38750] IIª-IIae q. 1 a. 2 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
841 dicendum quod cognita sunt in cognoscente secundum modum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
842 cognoscentis. Est autem modus proprius humani intellectus ut
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parents: 26
diff changeset
843 componendo et dividendo veritatem cognoscat, sicut in primo dictum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
844 est. Et ideo ea quae sunt secundum se simplicia intellectus humanus
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parents: 26
diff changeset
845 cognoscit secundum quandam complexionem, sicut e converso
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parents: 26
diff changeset
846 intellectus divinus incomplexe cognoscit ea quae sunt secundum se
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parents: 26
diff changeset
847 complexa. Sic igitur obiectum fidei dupliciter considerari potest.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
848 Uno modo, ex parte ipsius rei creditae, et sic obiectum fidei est
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parents: 26
diff changeset
849 aliquid incomplexum, scilicet res ipsa de qua fides habetur. Alio
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parents: 26
diff changeset
850 modo, ex parte credentis, et secundum hoc obiectum fidei est
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parents: 26
diff changeset
851 aliquid complexum per modum enuntiabilis. Et ideo utrumque vere
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parents: 26
diff changeset
852 opinatum fuit apud antiquos, et secundum aliquid utrumque est
53
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diff changeset
853 verum.</p><p title="II-II q. 1 a. 2 ad 1"><a name="38751"><span class="ref">[38751] IIª-IIae q. 1 a. 2 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
854 ergo dicendum quod ratio illa procedit de obiecto fidei ex parte
53
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diff changeset
855 ipsius rei creditae.</p><p title="II-II q. 1 a. 2 ad 2"><a name="38752"><span class="ref">[38752] IIª-IIae q. 1 a. 2 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
856 dicendum quod in symbolo tanguntur ea de quibus est fides inquantum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
857 ad ea terminatur actus credentis, ut ex ipso modo loquendi apparet.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
858 Actus autem credentis non terminatur ad enuntiabile, sed ad rem,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
859 non enim formamus enuntiabilia nisi ut per ea de rebus cognitionem
53
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diff changeset
860 habeamus, sicut in scientia, ita et in fide.</p><p title="II-II q. 1 a. 2 ad 3"><a name="38753"><span class="ref">[38753] IIª-IIae q. 1 a. 2 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
861 dicendum quod visio patriae erit veritatis primae secundum quod in
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parents: 26
diff changeset
862 se est, secundum illud I Ioan. III, <i>cum apparuerit, similes ei
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parents: 26
diff changeset
863 erimus et videbimus eum sicuti est</i>. Et ideo visio illa erit non
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parents: 26
diff changeset
864 per modum enuntiabilis, sed per modum simplicis intelligentiae. Sed
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parents: 26
diff changeset
865 per fidem non apprehendimus veritatem primam sicut in se est. Unde
53
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diff changeset
866 non est similis ratio.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 3</h3><p title="II-II q. 1 a. 3 arg. 1"><a name="38754"><span class="ref">[38754] IIª-IIae q. 1 a. 3 arg. 1</span></a> Ad tertium
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
867 sic proceditur. Videtur quod fidei possit subesse falsum. Fides
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parents: 26
diff changeset
868 enim condividitur spei et caritati. Sed spei potest aliquid subesse
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parents: 26
diff changeset
869 falsum, multi enim sperant se habituros vitam aeternam qui non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
870 habebunt. Similiter etiam et caritati, multi enim diliguntur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
871 tanquam boni qui tamen boni non sunt. Ergo etiam fidei potest
53
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parents: 28
diff changeset
872 aliquid subesse falsum.</p><p title="II-II q. 1 a. 3 arg. 2"><a name="38755"><span class="ref">[38755] IIª-IIae q. 1 a. 3 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
873 Abraham credidit Christum nasciturum, secundum illud Ioan. VIII,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
874 <i>Abraham, pater vester, exultavit ut videret diem meum</i>. Sed
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parents: 26
diff changeset
875 post tempus Abrahae Deus poterat non incarnari, sola enim sua
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parents: 26
diff changeset
876 voluntate carnem accepit, et ita esset falsum quod Abraham de
53
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parents: 28
diff changeset
877 Christo credidit. Ergo fidei potest subesse falsum.</p><p title="II-II q. 1 a. 3 arg. 3"><a name="38756"><span class="ref">[38756] IIª-IIae q. 1 a. 3 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
878 fides antiquorum fuit quod Christus esset nasciturus, et haec fides
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
879 duravit in multis usque ad praedicationem Evangelii. Sed Christo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
880 iam nato, antequam praedicare inciperet, falsum erat Christum
53
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parents: 28
diff changeset
881 nasciturum. Ergo fidei potest subesse falsum.</p><p title="II-II q. 1 a. 3 arg. 4"><a name="38757"><span class="ref">[38757] IIª-IIae q. 1 a. 3 arg. 4</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
882 unum de pertinentibus ad fidem est ut aliquis credat sub sacramento
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parents: 26
diff changeset
883 altaris verum corpus Christi contineri. Potest autem contingere,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
884 quando non recte consecratur, quod non est ibi verum corpus
53
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parents: 28
diff changeset
885 Christi, sed solum panis. Ergo fidei potest subesse falsum.</p><p title="II-II q. 1 a. 3 s. c."><a name="38758"><span class="ref">[38758] IIª-IIae q. 1 a. 3 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra,
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
886 nulla virtus perficiens intellectum se habet ad falsum secundum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
887 quod est malum intellectus, ut patet per philosophum, in VI Ethic.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
888 Sed fides est quaedam virtus perficiens intellectum, ut infra
53
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parents: 28
diff changeset
889 patebit. Ergo ei non potest subesse falsum.</p><p title="II-II q. 1 a. 3 co."><a name="38759"><span class="ref">[38759] IIª-IIae q. 1 a. 3 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
890 dicendum quod nihil subest alicui potentiae vel habitui aut etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
891 actui, nisi mediante ratione formali obiecti, sicut color videri
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
892 non potest nisi per lucem, et conclusio sciri non potest nisi per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
893 medium demonstrationis. Dictum est autem quod ratio formalis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
894 obiecti fidei est veritas prima. Unde nihil potest cadere sub fide
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
895 nisi inquantum stat sub veritate prima. Sub qua nullum falsum stare
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
896 potest, sicut nec non ens sub ente, nec malum sub bonitate. Unde
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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diff changeset
897 relinquitur quod fidei non potest subesse aliquod falsum.</p><p title="II-II q. 1 a. 3 ad 1"><a name="38760"><span class="ref">[38760] IIª-IIae q. 1 a. 3 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
898 ergo dicendum quod, quia verum est bonum intellectus, non autem est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
899 bonum appetitivae virtutis, ideo omnes virtutes quae perficiunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
900 intellectum excludunt totaliter falsum, quia de ratione virtutis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
901 est quod se habeat solum ad bonum. Virtutes autem perficientes
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
902 partem appetitivam non excludunt totaliter falsum, potest enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
903 aliquis secundum iustitiam aut temperantiam agere aliquam falsam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
904 opinionem habens de eo circa quod agit. Et ita, cum fides perficiat
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
905 intellectum, spes autem et caritas appetitivam partem, non est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
906 similis ratio de eis. Et tamen neque etiam spei subest falsum. Non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
907 enim aliquis sperat se habiturum vitam aeternam secundum propriam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
908 potestatem (hoc enim esset praesumptionis), sed secundum auxilium
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
909 gratiae, in qua si perseveraverit, omnino infallibiliter vitam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
910 aeternam consequetur. Similiter etiam ad caritatem pertinet
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
911 diligere Deum in quocumque fuerit. Unde non refert ad caritatem
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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diff changeset
912 utrum in isto sit Deus qui propter Deum diligitur.</p><p title="II-II q. 1 a. 3 ad 2"><a name="38761"><span class="ref">[38761] IIª-IIae q. 1 a. 3 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
913 dicendum quod Deum non incarnari, secundum se consideratum, fuit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
914 possibile etiam post tempus Abrahae. Sed secundum quod cadit sub
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
915 praescientia divina, habet quandam necessitatem infallibilitatis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
916 ut in primo dictum est. Et hoc modo cadit sub fide. Unde prout
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
917 cadit sub fide, non potest esse falsum.</p><p title="II-II q. 1 a. 3 ad 3"><a name="38762"><span class="ref">[38762] IIª-IIae q. 1 a. 3 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
918 dicendum quod hoc ad fidem credentis pertinebat post Christi
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
919 nativitatem quod crederet eum quandoque nasci. Sed illa
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
920 determinatio temporis, in qua decipiebatur, non erat ex fide, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
921 ex coniectura humana. Possibile est enim hominem fidelem ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
922 coniectura humana falsum aliquid aestimare. Sed quod ex fide falsum
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
923 aestimet, hoc est impossibile.</p><p title="II-II q. 1 a. 3 ad 4"><a name="38763"><span class="ref">[38763] IIª-IIae q. 1 a. 3 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
924 dicendum quod fides credentis non refertur ad has species panis vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
925 illas, sed ad hoc quod verum corpus Christi sit sub speciebus panis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
926 sensibilis quando recte fuerit consecratum. Unde si non sit recte
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
927 consecratum, fidei non suberit propter hoc falsum.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 4</h3><p title="II-II q. 1 a. 4 arg. 1"><a name="38764"><span class="ref">[38764] IIª-IIae q. 1 a. 4 arg. 1</span></a> Ad quartum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
928 sic proceditur. Videtur quod obiectum fidei sit aliquid visum.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
929 Dicit enim dominus Thomae, Ioan. XX, <i>quia vidisti me,
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
930 credidisti</i>. Ergo et de eodem est visio et fides.</p><p title="II-II q. 1 a. 4 arg. 2"><a name="38765"><span class="ref">[38765] IIª-IIae q. 1 a. 4 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
931 apostolus, I ad Cor. XIII, dicit, <i>videmus nunc per speculum in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
932 aenigmate</i>. Et loquitur de cognitione fidei. Ergo id quod
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
933 creditur videtur.</p><p title="II-II q. 1 a. 4 arg. 3"><a name="38766"><span class="ref">[38766] IIª-IIae q. 1 a. 4 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
934 fides est quoddam spirituale lumen. Sed quolibet lumine aliquid
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
935 videtur. Ergo fides est de rebus visis.</p><p title="II-II q. 1 a. 4 arg. 4"><a name="38767"><span class="ref">[38767] IIª-IIae q. 1 a. 4 arg. 4</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
936 quilibet sensus visus nominatur, ut Augustinus dicit, in libro de
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
937 Verb. Dom. Sed fides est de auditis, secundum illud ad Rom. X,
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
938 fides ex auditu. Ergo fides est de rebus visis.</p><p title="II-II q. 1 a. 4 s. c."><a name="38768"><span class="ref">[38768] IIª-IIae q. 1 a. 4 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
939 est quod apostolus dicit, ad Heb. XI, quod <i>fides est argumentum
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
940 non apparentium</i>.</p><p title="II-II q. 1 a. 4 co."><a name="38769"><span class="ref">[38769] IIª-IIae q. 1 a. 4 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
941 dicendum quod fides importat assensum intellectus ad id quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
942 creditur. Assentit autem alicui intellectus dupliciter. Uno modo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
943 quia ad hoc movetur ab ipso obiecto, quod est vel per seipsum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
944 cognitum, sicut patet in principiis primis, quorum est intellectus;
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
945 vel est per aliud cognitum, sicut patet de conclusionibus, quarum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
946 est scientia. Alio modo intellectus assentit alicui non quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
947 sufficienter moveatur ab obiecto proprio, sed per quandam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
948 electionem voluntarie declinans in unam partem magis quam in aliam.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
949 Et si quidem hoc fit cum dubitatione et formidine alterius partis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
950 erit opinio, si autem fit cum certitudine absque tali formidine,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
951 erit fides. Illa autem videri dicuntur quae per seipsa movent
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
952 intellectum nostrum vel sensum ad sui cognitionem. Unde manifestum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
953 est quod nec fides nec opinio potest esse de visis aut secundum
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
954 sensum aut secundum intellectum.</p><p title="II-II q. 1 a. 4 ad 1"><a name="38770"><span class="ref">[38770] IIª-IIae q. 1 a. 4 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
955 ergo dicendum quod <i>Thomas aliud vidit et aliud credidit. Hominem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
956 vidit et Deum credens confessus est, cum dixit, dominus meus et
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
957 Deus meus</i>.</p><p title="II-II q. 1 a. 4 ad 2"><a name="38771"><span class="ref">[38771] IIª-IIae q. 1 a. 4 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
958 dicendum quod ea quae subsunt fidei dupliciter considerari possunt.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
959 Uno modo, in speciali, et sic non possunt esse simul visa et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
960 credita, sicut dictum est. Alio modo, in generali, scilicet sub
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
961 communi ratione credibilis. Et sic sunt visa ab eo qui credit, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
962 enim crederet nisi videret ea esse credenda, vel propter evidentiam
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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diff changeset
963 signorum vel propter aliquid huiusmodi.</p><p title="II-II q. 1 a. 4 ad 3"><a name="38772"><span class="ref">[38772] IIª-IIae q. 1 a. 4 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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diff changeset
964 dicendum quod lumen fidei facit videre ea quae creduntur. Sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
965 enim per alios habitus virtutum homo videt illud quod est sibi
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
966 conveniens secundum habitum illum, ita etiam per habitum fidei
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
967 inclinatur mens hominis ad assentiendum his quae conveniunt rectae
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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diff changeset
968 fidei et non aliis.</p><p title="II-II q. 1 a. 4 ad 4"><a name="38773"><span class="ref">[38773] IIª-IIae q. 1 a. 4 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
969 dicendum quod auditus est verborum significantium ea quae sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
970 fidei, non autem est ipsarum rerum de quibus est fides. Et sic non
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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diff changeset
971 oportet ut huiusmodi res sint visae.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 5</h3><p title="II-II q. 1 a. 5 arg. 1"><a name="38774"><span class="ref">[38774] IIª-IIae q. 1 a. 5 arg. 1</span></a> Ad quintum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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diff changeset
972 sic proceditur. Videtur quod ea quae sunt fidei possint esse scita.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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diff changeset
973 Ea enim quae non sciuntur videntur esse ignorata, quia ignorantia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
974 scientiae opponitur. Sed ea quae sunt fidei non sunt ignorata,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
975 horum enim ignorantia ad infidelitatem pertinet, secundum illud I
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
976 ad Tim. I, <i>ignorans feci in incredulitate mea</i>. Ergo ea quae
53
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diff changeset
977 sunt fidei possunt esse scita.</p><p title="II-II q. 1 a. 5 arg. 2"><a name="38775"><span class="ref">[38775] IIª-IIae q. 1 a. 5 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
978 scientia per rationes acquiritur. Sed ad ea quae sunt fidei a
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
979 sacris auctoribus rationes inducuntur. Ergo ea quae sunt fidei
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
980 possunt esse scita.</p><p title="II-II q. 1 a. 5 arg. 3"><a name="38776"><span class="ref">[38776] IIª-IIae q. 1 a. 5 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
981 ea quae demonstrative probantur sunt scita, quia demonstratio est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
982 syllogismus faciens scire. Sed quaedam quae in fide continentur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
983 sunt demonstrative probata a philosophis, sicut Deum esse, et Deum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
984 esse unum, et alia huiusmodi. Ergo ea quae sunt fidei possunt esse
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
985 scita.</p><p title="II-II q. 1 a. 5 arg. 4"><a name="38777"><span class="ref">[38777] IIª-IIae q. 1 a. 5 arg. 4</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
986 opinio plus distat a scientia quam fides, cum fides dicatur esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
987 media inter opinionem et scientiam. Sed opinio et scientia possunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
988 esse aliquo modo de eodem, ut dicitur in I Poster. Ergo etiam fides
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
989 et scientia.</p><p title="II-II q. 1 a. 5 s. c."><a name="38778"><span class="ref">[38778] IIª-IIae q. 1 a. 5 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
990 est quod Gregorius dicit, quod <i>apparentia non habent fidem, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
991 agnitionem</i>. Ea ergo de quibus est fides agnitionem non habent.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
992 Sed ea quae sunt scita habent agnitionem. Ergo de his quae sunt
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
993 scita non potest esse fides.</p><p title="II-II q. 1 a. 5 co."><a name="38779"><span class="ref">[38779] IIª-IIae q. 1 a. 5 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
994 dicendum quod omnis scientia habetur per aliqua principia per se
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
995 nota, et per consequens visa. Et ideo oportet quaecumque sunt scita
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
996 aliquo modo esse visa. Non autem est possibile quod idem ab eodem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
997 sit creditum et visum, sicut supra dictum est. Unde etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
998 impossibile est quod ab eodem idem sit scitum et creditum. Potest
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
999 tamen contingere ut id quod est visum vel scitum ab uno, sit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1000 creditum ab alio. Ea enim quae de Trinitate credimus nos visuros
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1001 speramus, secundum illud I ad Cor. XIII, <i>videmus nunc per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1002 speculum in aenigmate, tunc autem facie ad faciem</i>, quam quidem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1003 visionem iam Angeli habent, unde quod nos credimus illi vident. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1004 similiter potest contingere ut id quod est visum vel scitum ab uno
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1005 homine, etiam in statu viae, sit ab alio creditum, qui hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1006 demonstrative non novit. Id tamen quod communiter omnibus hominibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1007 proponitur ut credendum est communiter non scitum. Et ista sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1008 quae simpliciter fidei subsunt. Et ideo fides et scientia non sunt
53
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parents: 28
diff changeset
1009 de eodem.</p><p title="II-II q. 1 a. 5 ad 1"><a name="38780"><span class="ref">[38780] IIª-IIae q. 1 a. 5 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1010 ergo dicendum quod infideles eorum quae sunt fidei ignorantiam
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1011 habent, quia nec vident aut sciunt ea in seipsis, nec cognoscunt ea
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1012 esse credibilia. Sed per hunc modum fideles habent eorum notitiam,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1013 non quasi demonstrative, sed inquantum per lumen fidei videntur
53
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diff changeset
1014 esse credenda, ut dictum est.</p><p title="II-II q. 1 a. 5 ad 2"><a name="38781"><span class="ref">[38781] IIª-IIae q. 1 a. 5 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1015 dicendum quod rationes quae inducuntur a sanctis ad probandum ea
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1016 quae sunt fidei non sunt demonstrativae, sed persuasiones quaedam
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1017 manifestantes non esse impossibile quod in fide proponitur. Vel
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1018 procedunt ex principiis fidei, scilicet ex auctoritatibus sacrae
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1019 Scripturae, sicut Dionysius dicit, II cap. de Div. Nom. Ex his
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1020 autem principiis ita probatur aliquid apud fideles sicut etiam ex
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1021 principiis naturaliter notis probatur aliquid apud omnes. Unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1022 etiam theologia scientia est, ut in principio operis dictum
53
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diff changeset
1023 est.</p><p title="II-II q. 1 a. 5 ad 3"><a name="38782"><span class="ref">[38782] IIª-IIae q. 1 a. 5 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1024 dicendum quod ea quae demonstrative probari possunt inter credenda
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1025 numerantur, non quia de ipsis sit simpliciter fides apud omnes, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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diff changeset
1026 quia praeexiguntur ad ea quae sunt fidei, et oportet ea saltem per
53
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diff changeset
1027 fidem praesupponi ab his qui horum demonstrationem non habent.</p><p title="II-II q. 1 a. 5 ad 4"><a name="38783"><span class="ref">[38783] IIª-IIae q. 1 a. 5 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
28
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diff changeset
1028 dicendum quod, sicut philosophus ibidem dicit, a diversis hominibus
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1029 de eodem omnino potest haberi scientia et opinio, sicut et nunc
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1030 dictum est de scientia et fide. Sed ab uno et eodem potest quidem
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1031 haberi fides et scientia de eodem secundum quid, scilicet subiecto,
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diff changeset
1032 sed non secundum idem, potest enim esse quod de una et eadem re
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1033 aliquis aliquid sciat et aliquid aliud opinetur; et similiter de
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diff changeset
1034 Deo potest aliquis demonstrative scire quod sit unus, et credere
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diff changeset
1035 quod sit trinus. Sed de eodem secundum idem non potest esse simul
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1036 in uno homine scientia nec cum opinione nec cum fide, alia tamen et
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1037 alia ratione. Scientia enim cum opinione simul esse non potest
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1038 simpliciter de eodem, quia de ratione scientiae est quod id quod
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1039 scitur existimetur esse impossibile aliter se habere; de ratione
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diff changeset
1040 autem opinionis est quod id quod quis existimat, existimet
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1041 possibile aliter se habere. Sed id quod fide tenetur, propter fidei
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1042 certitudinem, existimatur etiam impossibile aliter se habere, sed
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diff changeset
1043 ea ratione non potest simul idem et secundum idem esse scitum et
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diff changeset
1044 creditum, quia scitum est visum et creditum est non visum, ut
53
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diff changeset
1045 dictum est.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 6</h3><p title="II-II q. 1 a. 6 arg. 1"><a name="38784"><span class="ref">[38784] IIª-IIae q. 1 a. 6 arg. 1</span></a> Ad sextum
28
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diff changeset
1046 sic proceditur. Videtur quod credibilia non sint per certos
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diff changeset
1047 articulos distinguenda. Eorum enim omnium quae in sacra Scriptura
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1048 continentur est fides habenda. Sed illa non possunt reduci ad
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diff changeset
1049 aliquem certum numerum, propter sui multitudinem. Ergo superfluum
53
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diff changeset
1050 videtur articulos fidei distinguere.</p><p title="II-II q. 1 a. 6 arg. 2"><a name="38785"><span class="ref">[38785] IIª-IIae q. 1 a. 6 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1051 materialis distinctio, cum in infinitum fieri possit, est ab arte
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1052 praetermittenda. Sed formalis ratio obiecti credibilis est una et
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1053 indivisibilis, ut supra dictum est, scilicet veritas prima, et sic
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1054 secundum rationem formalem credibilia distingui non possunt. Ergo
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1055 praetermittenda est credibilium materialis distinctio per
53
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diff changeset
1056 articulos.</p><p title="II-II q. 1 a. 6 arg. 3"><a name="38786"><span class="ref">[38786] IIª-IIae q. 1 a. 6 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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diff changeset
1057 sicut a quibusdam dicitur, <i>articulus est indivisibilis veritas
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diff changeset
1058 de Deo arctans nos ad credendum</i>. Sed credere est voluntarium,
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diff changeset
1059 quia, sicut Augustinus dicit, nullus credit nisi volens. Ergo
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1060 videtur quod inconvenienter distinguantur credibilia per
53
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diff changeset
1061 articulos.</p><p title="II-II q. 1 a. 6 s. c."><a name="38787"><span class="ref">[38787] IIª-IIae q. 1 a. 6 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28
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diff changeset
1062 est quod Isidorus dicit, <i>articulus est perceptio divinae
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1063 veritatis tendens in ipsam</i>. Sed perceptio divinae veritatis
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1064 competit nobis secundum distinctionem quandam, quae enim in Deo
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diff changeset
1065 unum sunt in nostro intellectu multiplicantur. Ergo credibilia
53
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diff changeset
1066 debent per articulos distingui.</p><p title="II-II q. 1 a. 6 co."><a name="38788"><span class="ref">[38788] IIª-IIae q. 1 a. 6 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
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1067 dicendum quod nomen articuli ex Graeco videtur esse derivatum.
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diff changeset
1068 Arthron enim in Graeco, quod in Latino articulus dicitur,
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diff changeset
1069 significat quandam coaptationem aliquarum partium distinctarum. Et
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1070 ideo particulae corporis sibi invicem coaptatae dicuntur membrorum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1071 articuli. Et similiter in grammatica apud Graecos dicuntur articuli
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1072 quaedam partes orationis coaptatae aliis dictionibus ad exprimendum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1073 earum genus, numerum vel casum. Et similiter in rhetorica articuli
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diff changeset
1074 dicuntur quaedam partium coaptationes, dicit enim Tullius, in IV
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1075 Rhet., quod <i>articulus dicitur cum singula verba intervallis
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diff changeset
1076 distinguuntur caesa oratione, hoc modo, acrimonia, voce, vultu
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1077 adversarios perterruisti</i>. Unde et credibilia fidei Christianae
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1078 dicuntur per articulos distingui inquantum in quasdam partes
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diff changeset
1079 dividuntur habentes aliquam coaptationem ad invicem. Est autem
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diff changeset
1080 obiectum fidei aliquid non visum circa divina, ut supra dictum est.
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diff changeset
1081 Et ideo ubi occurrit aliquid speciali ratione non visum, ibi est
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diff changeset
1082 specialis articulus, ubi autem multa secundum eandem rationem sunt
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diff changeset
1083 incognita, ibi non sunt articuli distinguendi. Sicut aliam
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diff changeset
1084 difficultatem habet ad videndum quod Deus sit passus, et aliam quod
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diff changeset
1085 mortuus resurrexerit, et ideo distinguitur articulus resurrectionis
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diff changeset
1086 ab articulo passionis. Sed quod sit passus, mortuus et sepultus,
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diff changeset
1087 unam et eandem difficultatem habent, ita quod, uno suscepto, non
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diff changeset
1088 est difficile alia suscipere, et propter hoc omnia haec pertinent
53
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diff changeset
1089 ad unum articulum.</p><p title="II-II q. 1 a. 6 ad 1"><a name="38789"><span class="ref">[38789] IIª-IIae q. 1 a. 6 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28
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diff changeset
1090 ergo dicendum quod aliqua sunt credibilia de quibus est fides
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diff changeset
1091 secundum se; aliqua vero sunt credibilia de quibus non est fides
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1092 secundum se, sed solum in ordine ad alia, sicut etiam in aliis
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1093 scientiis quaedam proponuntur ut per se intenta, et quaedam ad
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1094 manifestationem aliorum. Quia vero fides principaliter est de his
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diff changeset
1095 quae videnda speramus in patria, secundum illud Heb. XI, <i>fides
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diff changeset
1096 est substantia sperandarum rerum</i>; ideo per se ad fidem
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1097 pertinent illa quae directe nos ordinant ad vitam aeternam, sicut
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diff changeset
1098 sunt tres personae, omnipotentia Dei, mysterium incarnationis
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diff changeset
1099 Christi, et alia huiusmodi. Et secundum ista distinguuntur articuli
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diff changeset
1100 fidei. Quaedam vero proponuntur in sacra Scriptura ut credenda non
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diff changeset
1101 quasi principaliter intenta, sed ad praedictorum manifestationem,
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diff changeset
1102 sicut quod Abraham habuit duos filios, quod ad tactum ossium
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diff changeset
1103 Elisaei suscitatus est mortuus, et alia huiusmodi, quae narrantur
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1104 in sacra Scriptura in ordine ad manifestationem divinae maiestatis
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diff changeset
1105 vel incarnationis Christi. Et secundum talia non oportet articulos
53
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diff changeset
1106 distinguere.</p><p title="II-II q. 1 a. 6 ad 2"><a name="38790"><span class="ref">[38790] IIª-IIae q. 1 a. 6 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
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diff changeset
1107 dicendum quod ratio formalis obiecti fidei potest accipi
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diff changeset
1108 dupliciter. Uno modo, ex parte ipsius rei creditae. Et sic ratio
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diff changeset
1109 formalis omnium credibilium est una, scilicet veritas prima. Et ex
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diff changeset
1110 hac parte articuli non distinguuntur. Alio modo potest accipi
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1111 formalis ratio credibilium ex parte nostra. Et sic ratio formalis
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diff changeset
1112 credibilis est ut sit non visum. Et ex hac parte articuli fidei
53
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diff changeset
1113 distinguuntur, ut visum est.</p><p title="II-II q. 1 a. 6 ad 3"><a name="38791"><span class="ref">[38791] IIª-IIae q. 1 a. 6 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
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diff changeset
1114 dicendum quod illa definitio datur de articulo magis secundum
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diff changeset
1115 quandam etymologiam nominis prout habet derivationem Latinam, quam
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diff changeset
1116 secundum eius veram significationem prout a Graeco derivatur. Unde
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diff changeset
1117 non est magni ponderis. Potest tamen dici quod, licet ad credendum
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diff changeset
1118 necessitate coactionis nullus arctetur, cum credere sit
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diff changeset
1119 voluntarium; arctatur tamen necessitate finis, quia <i>accedentem
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diff changeset
1120 ad Deum oportet credere, et sine fide impossibile est placere
53
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diff changeset
1121 Deo</i>, ut apostolus dicit, Heb. XI.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 7</h3><p title="II-II q. 1 a. 7 arg. 1"><a name="38792"><span class="ref">[38792] IIª-IIae q. 1 a. 7 arg. 1</span></a> Ad septimum
28
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diff changeset
1122 sic proceditur. Videtur quod articuli fidei non creverint secundum
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diff changeset
1123 temporum successionem. Quia, ut apostolus dicit, ad Heb. XI,
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diff changeset
1124 <i>fides est substantia sperandarum rerum</i>. Sed omni tempore
53
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diff changeset
1125 sunt eadem speranda. Ergo omni tempore sunt eadem credenda.</p><p title="II-II q. 1 a. 7 arg. 2"><a name="38793"><span class="ref">[38793] IIª-IIae q. 1 a. 7 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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diff changeset
1126 in scientiis humanitus ordinatis per successionem temporum
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diff changeset
1127 augmentum factum est propter defectum cognitionis in primis qui
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1128 scientias invenerunt, ut patet per philosophum, in II Metaphys. Sed
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1129 doctrina fidei non est inventa humanitus, sed tradita a Deo. Dei
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diff changeset
1130 enim donum est, ut dicitur Ephes. II. Cum igitur in Deum nullus
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1131 defectus scientiae cadat, videtur quod a principio cognitio
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1132 credibilium fuerit perfecta, et quod non creverit secundum
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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diff changeset
1133 successionem temporum.</p><p title="II-II q. 1 a. 7 arg. 3"><a name="38794"><span class="ref">[38794] IIª-IIae q. 1 a. 7 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1134 operatio gratiae non minus ordinate procedit quam operatio naturae.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1135 Sed natura semper initium sumit a perfectis ut Boetius dicit, in
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1136 libro de Consol. Ergo etiam videtur quod operatio gratiae a
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1137 perfectis initium sumpserit, ita quod illi qui primo tradiderunt
53
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diff changeset
1138 fidem perfectissime eam cognoverunt.</p><p title="II-II q. 1 a. 7 arg. 4"><a name="38795"><span class="ref">[38795] IIª-IIae q. 1 a. 7 arg. 4</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1139 sicut per apostolos ad nos fides Christi pervenit, ita etiam in
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1140 veteri testamento per priores patres ad posteriores devenit
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1141 cognitio fidei, secundum illud Deut. XXXII, <i>interroga patrem
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1142 tuum et annuntiabit tibi</i>. Sed apostoli plenissime fuerunt
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1143 instructi de mysteriis, acceperunt enim, <i>sicut tempore prius,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1144 ita et ceteris abundantius</i>, ut dicit Glossa, super illud Rom.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1145 VIII, <i>nos ipsi primitias spiritus habentes</i>. Ergo videtur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1146 quod cognitio credibilium non creverit per temporum
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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diff changeset
1147 successionem.</p><p title="II-II q. 1 a. 7 s. c."><a name="38796"><span class="ref">[38796] IIª-IIae q. 1 a. 7 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1148 est quod Gregorius dicit, quod <i>secundum incrementa temporum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1149 crevit scientia sanctorum patrum, et quanto viciniores adventui
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1150 salvatoris fuerunt, tanto sacramenta salutis plenius
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
1151 perceperunt</i>.</p><p title="II-II q. 1 a. 7 co."><a name="38797"><span class="ref">[38797] IIª-IIae q. 1 a. 7 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
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diff changeset
1152 dicendum quod ita se habent in doctrina fidei articuli fidei sicut
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1153 principia per se nota in doctrina quae per rationem naturalem
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1154 habetur. In quibus principiis ordo quidam invenitur, ut quaedam in
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1155 aliis implicite contineantur, sicut omnia principia reducuntur ad
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1156 hoc sicut ad primum, <i>impossibile est simul affirmare et
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1157 negare</i>, ut patet per philosophum, in IV Metaphys. Et similiter
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1158 omnes articuli implicite continentur in aliquibus primis
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1159 credibilibus, scilicet ut credatur Deus esse et providentiam habere
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1160 circa hominum salutem, secundum illud ad Heb. XI, <i>accedentem ad
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1161 Deum oportet credere quia est, et quod inquirentibus se remunerator
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1162 sit</i>. In esse enim divino includuntur omnia quae credimus in Deo
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1163 aeternaliter existere, in quibus nostra beatitudo consistit, in
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1164 fide autem providentiae includuntur omnia quae temporaliter a Deo
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1165 dispensantur ad hominum salutem, quae sunt via in beatitudinem. Et
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1166 per hunc etiam modum aliorum subsequentium articulorum quidam in
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1167 aliis continentur, sicut in fide redemptionis humanae implicite
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diff changeset
1168 continetur et incarnatio Christi et eius passio et omnia huiusmodi.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1169 Sic igitur dicendum est quod, quantum ad substantiam articulorum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1170 fidei, non est factum eorum augmentum per temporum successionem,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1171 quia quaecumque posteriores crediderunt continebantur in fide
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1172 praecedentium patrum, licet implicite. Sed quantum ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1173 explicationem, crevit numerus articulorum, quia quaedam explicite
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1174 cognita sunt a posterioribus quae a prioribus non cognoscebantur
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1175 explicite. Unde dominus Moysi dicit, Exod. VI, <i>ego sum Deus
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1176 Abraham, Deus Isaac, Deus Iacob, et nomen meum Adonai non indicavi
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diff changeset
1177 eis</i>. Et David dicit, <i>super senes intellexi</i>. Et apostolus
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1178 dicit, ad Ephes. III, <i>aliis generationibus non est agnitum
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diff changeset
1179 mysterium Christi sicut nunc revelatum est sanctis apostolis eius
53
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diff changeset
1180 et prophetis</i>.</p><p title="II-II q. 1 a. 7 ad 1"><a name="38798"><span class="ref">[38798] IIª-IIae q. 1 a. 7 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28
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diff changeset
1181 ergo dicendum quod semper fuerunt eadem speranda apud omnes. Quia
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diff changeset
1182 tamen ad haec speranda homines non pervenerunt nisi per Christum,
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diff changeset
1183 quanto a Christo fuerunt remotiores secundum tempus, tanto a
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1184 consecutione sperandorum longinquiores, unde apostolus dicit, ad
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1185 Heb. XI, <i>iuxta fidem defuncti sunt omnes isti, non acceptis
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diff changeset
1186 repromissionibus, sed a longe eas respicientes</i>. Quanto autem
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1187 aliquid a longinquioribus videtur, tanto minus distincte videtur.
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diff changeset
1188 Et ideo bona speranda distinctius cognoverunt qui fuerunt adventui
53
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diff changeset
1189 Christi vicini.</p><p title="II-II q. 1 a. 7 ad 2"><a name="38799"><span class="ref">[38799] IIª-IIae q. 1 a. 7 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
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diff changeset
1190 dicendum quod profectus cognitionis dupliciter contingit. Uno modo,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1191 ex parte docentis, qui in cognitione proficit, sive unus sive
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1192 plures, per temporum successionem. Et ista est ratio augmenti in
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1193 scientiis per rationem humanam inventis. Alio modo, ex parte
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1194 addiscentis, sicut magister qui novit totam artem non statim a
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1195 principio tradit eam discipulo, quia capere non posset, sed
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1196 paulatim, condescendens eius capacitati. Et hac ratione profecerunt
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1197 homines in cognitione fidei per temporum successionem. Unde
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1198 apostolus, ad Gal. III, comparat statum veteris testamenti
53
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diff changeset
1199 pueritiae.</p><p title="II-II q. 1 a. 7 ad 3"><a name="38800"><span class="ref">[38800] IIª-IIae q. 1 a. 7 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1200 dicendum quod ad generationem naturalem duae causae praeexiguntur,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1201 scilicet agens et materia. Secundum igitur ordinem causae agentis,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1202 naturaliter prius est quod est perfectius, et sic natura a
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1203 perfectis sumit exordium, quia imperfecta non ducuntur ad
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1204 perfectionem nisi per aliqua perfecta praeexistentia. Secundum vero
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1205 ordinem causae materialis, prius est quod est imperfectius, et
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1206 secundum hoc natura procedit ab imperfecto ad perfectum. In
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1207 manifestatione autem fidei Deus est sicut agens, qui habet
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1208 perfectam scientiam ab aeterno, homo autem est sicut materia
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1209 recipiens influxum Dei agentis. Et ideo oportuit quod ab
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1210 imperfectis ad perfectum procederet cognitio fidei in hominibus. Et
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1211 licet in hominibus quidam se habuerint per modum causae agentis,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1212 quia fuerunt fidei doctores; tamen <i>manifestatio spiritus datur
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1213 talibus ad utilitatem communem</i>, ut dicitur I ad Cor. XII. Et
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1214 ideo tantum dabatur patribus qui erant instructores fidei de
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1215 cognitione fidei, quantum oportebat pro tempore illo populo tradi
53
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diff changeset
1216 vel nude vel in figura.</p><p title="II-II q. 1 a. 7 ad 4"><a name="38801"><span class="ref">[38801] IIª-IIae q. 1 a. 7 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
28
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diff changeset
1217 dicendum quod ultima consummatio gratiae facta est per Christum,
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diff changeset
1218 unde et tempus eius dicitur tempus plenitudinis, ad Gal. IV. Et
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1219 ideo illi qui fuerunt propinquiores Christo vel ante, sicut Ioannes
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1220 Baptista, vel post, sicut apostoli, plenius mysteria fidei
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1221 cognoverunt. Quia et circa statum hominis hoc videmus, quod
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diff changeset
1222 perfectio est in iuventute, et tanto habet homo perfectiorem statum
53
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diff changeset
1223 vel ante vel post, quanto est iuventuti propinquior.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 8</h3><p title="II-II q. 1 a. 8 arg. 1"><a name="38802"><span class="ref">[38802] IIª-IIae q. 1 a. 8 arg. 1</span></a> Ad octavum
28
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diff changeset
1224 sic proceditur. Videtur quod inconvenienter articuli fidei
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1225 enumerentur. Ea enim quae possunt ratione demonstrativa sciri non
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1226 pertinent ad fidem ut apud omnes sint credibilia, sicut supra
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1227 dictum est. Sed Deum esse unum potest esse scitum per
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1228 demonstrationem, unde et philosophus hoc in XII Metaphys. probat,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1229 et multi alii philosophi ad hoc demonstrationes induxerunt. Ergo
53
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diff changeset
1230 Deum esse unum non debet poni unus articulus fidei.</p><p title="II-II q. 1 a. 8 arg. 2"><a name="38803"><span class="ref">[38803] IIª-IIae q. 1 a. 8 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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diff changeset
1231 sicut de necessitate fidei est quod credamus Deum omnipotentem, ita
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1232 etiam quod credamus eum omnia scientem et omnibus providentem; et
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1233 circa utrumque eorum aliqui erraverunt. Debuit ergo inter articulos
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diff changeset
1234 fidei fieri mentio de sapientia et providentia divina, sicut et de
53
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diff changeset
1235 omnipotentia.</p><p title="II-II q. 1 a. 8 arg. 3"><a name="38804"><span class="ref">[38804] IIª-IIae q. 1 a. 8 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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diff changeset
1236 eadem est notitia patris et filii, secundum illud Ioan. XIV, <i>qui
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diff changeset
1237 videt me videt et patrem</i>. Ergo unus tantum articulus debet esse
53
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diff changeset
1238 de patre et filio; et, eadem ratione, de spiritu sancto.</p><p title="II-II q. 1 a. 8 arg. 4"><a name="38805"><span class="ref">[38805] IIª-IIae q. 1 a. 8 arg. 4</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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diff changeset
1239 persona patris non est minor quam filii et spiritus sancti. Sed
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diff changeset
1240 plures articuli ponuntur circa personam spiritus sancti, et
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1241 similiter circa personam filii. Ergo plures articuli debent poni
53
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diff changeset
1242 circa personam patris.</p><p title="II-II q. 1 a. 8 arg. 5"><a name="38806"><span class="ref">[38806] IIª-IIae q. 1 a. 8 arg. 5</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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diff changeset
1243 sicuti personae patris et personae spiritus sancti aliquid
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diff changeset
1244 appropriatur, ita et personae filii secundum divinitatem. Sed in
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1245 articulis ponitur aliquod opus appropriatum patri, scilicet opus
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1246 creationis; et similiter aliquod opus appropriatum spiritui sancto,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1247 scilicet quod locutus est per prophetas. Ergo etiam inter articulos
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1248 fidei debet aliquod opus appropriari filio secundum
53
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diff changeset
1249 divinitatem.</p><p title="II-II q. 1 a. 8 arg. 6"><a name="38807"><span class="ref">[38807] IIª-IIae q. 1 a. 8 arg. 6</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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diff changeset
1250 sacramentum Eucharistiae specialem habet difficultatem prae multis
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diff changeset
1251 articulis. Ergo de ea debuit poni specialis articulus. Non videtur
53
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diff changeset
1252 ergo quod articuli sufficienter enumerentur.</p><p title="II-II q. 1 a. 8 s. c."><a name="38808"><span class="ref">[38808] IIª-IIae q. 1 a. 8 s. c.</span></a> Sed in
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
1253 contrarium est auctoritas Ecclesiae sic enumerantis.</p><p title="II-II q. 1 a. 8 co."><a name="38809"><span class="ref">[38809] IIª-IIae q. 1 a. 8 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
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diff changeset
1254 dicendum quod, sicut dictum est, illa per se pertinent ad fidem
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diff changeset
1255 quorum visione in vita aeterna perfruemur, et per quae ducemur in
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diff changeset
1256 vitam aeternam. Duo autem nobis ibi videnda proponuntur, scilicet
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diff changeset
1257 occultum divinitatis, cuius visio nos beatos facit; et mysterium
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diff changeset
1258 humanitatis Christi, per quem <i>in gloriam filiorum Dei accessum
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diff changeset
1259 habemus</i>, ut dicitur ad Rom. V. Unde dicitur Ioan. XVII, <i>haec
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diff changeset
1260 est vita aeterna, ut cognoscant te, Deum verum, et quem misisti
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diff changeset
1261 Iesum Christum</i>. Et ideo prima distinctio credibilium est quod
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diff changeset
1262 quaedam pertinent ad maiestatem divinitatis; quaedam vero pertinent
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diff changeset
1263 ad mysterium humanitatis Christi, quod est pietatis sacramentum, ut
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diff changeset
1264 dicitur I ad Tim. III. Circa maiestatem autem divinitatis tria
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diff changeset
1265 nobis credenda proponuntur. Primo quidem, unitas divinitatis, et ad
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1266 hoc pertinet primus articulus. Secundo, Trinitas personarum, et de
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diff changeset
1267 hoc sunt tres articuli secundum tres personas. Tertio vero
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diff changeset
1268 proponuntur nobis opera divinitatis propria. Quorum primum pertinet
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diff changeset
1269 ad esse naturae, et sic proponitur nobis articulus creationis.
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diff changeset
1270 Secundum vero pertinet ad esse gratiae, et sic proponuntur nobis
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diff changeset
1271 sub uno articulo omnia pertinentia ad sanctificationem humanam.
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diff changeset
1272 Tertium vero pertinet ad esse gloriae, et sic ponitur alius
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diff changeset
1273 articulus de resurrectione carnis et de vita aeterna. Et ita sunt
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diff changeset
1274 septem articuli ad divinitatem pertinentes. Similiter etiam circa
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1275 humanitatem Christi ponuntur septem articuli. Quorum primus est de
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1276 incarnatione sive de conceptione Christi; secundus de nativitate
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diff changeset
1277 eius ex virgine; tertius de passione eius et morte et sepultura;
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diff changeset
1278 quartus est de descensu ad Inferos; quintus est de resurrectione;
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diff changeset
1279 sextus de ascensione; septimus de adventu ad iudicium. Et sic in
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1280 universo sunt quatuordecim. Quidam tamen distinguunt duodecim
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1281 articulos fidei, sex pertinentes ad divinitatem et sex pertinentes
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1282 ad humanitatem. Tres enim articulos trium personarum comprehendunt
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1283 sub uno, quia eadem est cognitio trium personarum. Articulum vero
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1284 de opere glorificationis distinguunt in duos, scilicet in
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diff changeset
1285 resurrectionem carnis et gloriam animae. Similiter articulum
53
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diff changeset
1286 conceptionis et nativitatis coniungunt in unum.</p><p title="II-II q. 1 a. 8 ad 1"><a name="38810"><span class="ref">[38810] IIª-IIae q. 1 a. 8 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28
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diff changeset
1287 ergo dicendum quod multa per fidem tenemus de Deo quae naturali
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1288 ratione investigare philosophi non potuerunt, puta circa
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1289 providentiam eius et omnipotentiam, et quod ipse solus sit
53
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parents: 28
diff changeset
1290 colendus. Quae omnia continentur sub articulo unitatis Dei.</p><p title="II-II q. 1 a. 8 ad 2"><a name="38811"><span class="ref">[38811] IIª-IIae q. 1 a. 8 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1291 dicendum quod ipsum nomen divinitatis importat provisionem quandam,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1292 ut in primo libro dictum est. Potentia autem in habentibus
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1293 intellectum non operatur nisi secundum voluntatem et cognitionem.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1294 Et ideo omnipotentia Dei includit quodammodo omnium scientiam et
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1295 providentiam, non enim posset omnia quae vellet in istis
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diff changeset
1296 inferioribus agere nisi ea cognosceret et eorum providentiam
53
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diff changeset
1297 haberet.</p><p title="II-II q. 1 a. 8 ad 3"><a name="38812"><span class="ref">[38812] IIª-IIae q. 1 a. 8 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
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diff changeset
1298 dicendum quod patris et filii et spiritus sancti est una cognitio
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1299 quantum ad unitatem essentiae, quae pertinet ad primum articulum.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1300 Quantum vero ad distinctionem personarum, quae est per relationes
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1301 originis, quodammodo in cognitione patris includitur cognitio
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1302 filii, non enim esset pater si filium non haberet, quorum nexus est
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1303 spiritus sanctus. Et quantum ad hoc bene moti sunt qui posuerunt
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1304 unum articulum trium personarum. Sed quia circa singulas personas
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1305 sunt aliqua attendenda circa quae contingit esse errorem, quantum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1306 ad hoc de tribus personis possunt poni tres articuli. Arius enim
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1307 credidit patrem omnipotentem et aeternum, sed non credidit filium
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1308 coaequalem et consubstantialem patri, et ideo necessarium fuit
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1309 apponere articulum de persona filii ad hoc determinandum. Et eadem
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1310 ratione contra Macedonium necesse fuit ponere articulum tertium de
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1311 persona spiritus sancti. Et similiter etiam conceptio Christi et
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1312 nativitas, et etiam resurrectio et vita aeterna, secundum unam
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1313 rationem possunt comprehendi sub uno articulo, inquantum ad unum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1314 ordinantur, et secundum aliam rationem possunt distingui, inquantum
53
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diff changeset
1315 seorsum habent speciales difficultates.</p><p title="II-II q. 1 a. 8 ad 4"><a name="38813"><span class="ref">[38813] IIª-IIae q. 1 a. 8 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
28
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diff changeset
1316 dicendum quod filio et spiritui sancto convenit mitti ad
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1317 sanctificandam creaturam, circa quod plura credenda occurrunt. Et
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1318 ideo circa personam filii et spiritus sancti plures articuli
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diff changeset
1319 multiplicantur quam circa personam patris, qui nunquam mittitur, ut
53
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diff changeset
1320 in primo dictum est.</p><p title="II-II q. 1 a. 8 ad 5"><a name="38814"><span class="ref">[38814] IIª-IIae q. 1 a. 8 ad 5</span></a> Ad quintum
28
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diff changeset
1321 dicendum quod sanctificatio creaturae per gratiam et consummatio
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1322 per gloriam fit etiam per donum caritatis, quod appropriatur
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1323 spiritui sancto, et per donum sapientiae, quod appropriatur filio.
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diff changeset
1324 Et ideo utrumque opus pertinet et ad filium et ad spiritum sanctum
53
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diff changeset
1325 per appropriationem secundum rationes diversas.</p><p title="II-II q. 1 a. 8 ad 6"><a name="38815"><span class="ref">[38815] IIª-IIae q. 1 a. 8 ad 6</span></a> Ad sextum
28
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diff changeset
1326 dicendum quod in sacramento Eucharistiae duo possunt considerari.
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diff changeset
1327 Unum scilicet quod sacramentum est, et hoc habet eandem rationem
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diff changeset
1328 cum aliis effectibus gratiae sanctificantis. Aliud est quod
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1329 miraculose ibi corpus Christi continetur, et sic concluditur sub
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diff changeset
1330 omnipotentia, sicut et omnia alia miracula, quae omnipotentiae
53
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diff changeset
1331 attribuuntur.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 9</h3><p title="II-II q. 1 a. 9 arg. 1"><a name="38816"><span class="ref">[38816] IIª-IIae q. 1 a. 9 arg. 1</span></a> Ad nonum
28
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diff changeset
1332 sic proceditur. Videtur quod inconvenienter articuli fidei in
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1333 symbolo ponantur. Sacra enim Scriptura est regula fidei, cui nec
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1334 addere nec subtrahere licet, dicitur enim Deut. IV, <i>non addetis
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1335 ad verbum quod vobis loquor, neque auferetis ab eo</i>. Ergo
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1336 illicitum fuit aliquod symbolum constituere quasi regulam fidei,
53
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parents: 28
diff changeset
1337 post sacram Scripturam editam.</p><p title="II-II q. 1 a. 9 arg. 2"><a name="38817"><span class="ref">[38817] IIª-IIae q. 1 a. 9 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1338 sicut apostolus dicit, ad Ephes. IV, <i>una est fides</i>. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1339 symbolum est professio fidei. Ergo inconvenienter traditur
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
1340 multiplex symbolum.</p><p title="II-II q. 1 a. 9 arg. 3"><a name="38818"><span class="ref">[38818] IIª-IIae q. 1 a. 9 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1341 confessio fidei quae in symbolo continetur pertinet ad omnes
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1342 fideles. Sed non omnibus fidelibus convenit credere in Deum, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1343 solum illis qui habent fidem formatam. Ergo inconvenienter symbolum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1344 fidei traditur sub hac forma verborum, <i>credo in unum
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
1345 Deum</i>.</p><p title="II-II q. 1 a. 9 arg. 4"><a name="38819"><span class="ref">[38819] IIª-IIae q. 1 a. 9 arg. 4</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1346 descensus ad Inferos est unus de articulis fidei, sicut supra
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1347 dictum est. Sed in symbolo patrum non fit mentio de descensu ad
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
1348 Inferos. Ergo videtur insufficienter collectum.</p><p title="II-II q. 1 a. 9 arg. 5"><a name="38820"><span class="ref">[38820] IIª-IIae q. 1 a. 9 arg. 5</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1349 sicut Augustinus dicit, exponens illud Ioan. XIV, <i>creditis in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1350 Deum, et in me credite</i>, Petro aut Paulo credimus, sed non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1351 dicimur credere nisi in Deum. Cum igitur Ecclesia Catholica sit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1352 pure aliquid creatum, videtur quod inconvenienter dicatur, <i>in
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
1353 unam sanctam, Catholicam et apostolicam Ecclesiam</i>.</p><p title="II-II q. 1 a. 9 arg. 6"><a name="38821"><span class="ref">[38821] IIª-IIae q. 1 a. 9 arg. 6</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1354 symbolum ad hoc traditur ut sit regula fidei. Sed regula fidei
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1355 debet omnibus proponi et publice. Quodlibet igitur symbolum deberet
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1356 in Missa cantari, sicut symbolum patrum. Non videtur ergo esse
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
1357 conveniens editio articulorum fidei in symbolo.</p><p title="II-II q. 1 a. 9 s. c."><a name="38822"><span class="ref">[38822] IIª-IIae q. 1 a. 9 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1358 est quod Ecclesia universalis non potest errare, quia spiritu
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1359 sancto gubernatur, qui est spiritus veritatis, hoc enim promisit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1360 dominus discipulis, Ioan. XVI, dicens, <i>cum venerit ille spiritus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1361 veritatis, docebit vos omnem veritatem</i>. Sed symbolum est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1362 auctoritate universalis Ecclesiae editum. Nihil ergo inconveniens
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
1363 in eo continetur.</p><p title="II-II q. 1 a. 9 co."><a name="38823"><span class="ref">[38823] IIª-IIae q. 1 a. 9 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1364 dicendum quod, sicut apostolus dicit, ad Heb. XI, <i>accedentem ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1365 Deum oportet credere</i>. Credere autem non potest aliquis nisi ei
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1366 veritas quam credat proponatur. Et ideo necessarium fuit veritatem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1367 fidei in unum colligi, ut facilius posset omnibus proponi, ne
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1368 aliquis per ignorantiam a fidei veritate deficeret. Et ab huiusmodi
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
1369 collectione sententiarum fidei nomen symboli est acceptum.</p><p title="II-II q. 1 a. 9 ad 1"><a name="38824"><span class="ref">[38824] IIª-IIae q. 1 a. 9 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1370 ergo dicendum quod veritas fidei in sacra Scriptura diffuse
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1371 continetur et variis modis, et in quibusdam obscure; ita quod ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1372 eliciendum fidei veritatem ex sacra Scriptura requiritur longum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1373 studium et exercitium, ad quod non possunt pervenire omnes illi
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1374 quibus necessarium est cognoscere fidei veritatem, quorum plerique,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1375 aliis negotiis occupati, studio vacare non possunt. Et ideo fuit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1376 necessarium ut ex sententiis sacrae Scripturae aliquid manifestum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1377 summarie colligeretur quod proponeretur omnibus ad credendum. Quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1378 quidem non est additum sacrae Scripturae, sed potius ex sacra
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
1379 Scriptura assumptum.</p><p title="II-II q. 1 a. 9 ad 2"><a name="38825"><span class="ref">[38825] IIª-IIae q. 1 a. 9 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1380 dicendum quod in omnibus symbolis eadem fidei veritas docetur. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1381 ibi oportet populum diligentius instrui de fidei veritate ubi
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1382 errores insurgunt, ne fides simplicium per haereticos corrumpatur.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1383 Et haec fuit causa quare necesse fuit edere plura symbola. Quae in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1384 nullo alio differunt nisi quod in uno plenius explicantur quae in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1385 alio continentur implicite, secundum quod exigebat haereticorum
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
1386 instantia.</p><p title="II-II q. 1 a. 9 ad 3"><a name="38826"><span class="ref">[38826] IIª-IIae q. 1 a. 9 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1387 dicendum quod confessio fidei traditur in symbolo quasi ex persona
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1388 totius Ecclesiae, quae per fidem unitur. Fides autem Ecclesiae est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1389 fides formata, talis enim fides invenitur in omnibus illis qui sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1390 numero et merito de Ecclesia. Et ideo confessio fidei in symbolo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1391 traditur secundum quod convenit fidei formatae, ut etiam si qui
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1392 fideles fidem formatam non habent, ad hanc formam pertingere
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
1393 studeant.</p><p title="II-II q. 1 a. 9 ad 4"><a name="38827"><span class="ref">[38827] IIª-IIae q. 1 a. 9 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1394 dicendum quod de descensu ad Inferos nullus error erat exortus apud
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1395 haereticos, et ideo non fuit necessarium aliquam explicationem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1396 circa hoc fieri. Et propter hoc non reiteratur in symbolo patrum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1397 sed supponitur tanquam praedeterminatum in symbolo apostolorum. Non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1398 enim symbolum sequens abolet praecedens, sed potius illud exponit,
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
1399 ut dictum est.</p><p title="II-II q. 1 a. 9 ad 5"><a name="38828"><span class="ref">[38828] IIª-IIae q. 1 a. 9 ad 5</span></a> Ad quintum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1400 dicendum quod, si dicatur in sanctam Ecclesiam Catholicam, est hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1401 intelligendum secundum quod fides nostra refertur ad spiritum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1402 sanctum, qui sanctificat Ecclesiam, ut sit sensus, credo in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1403 spiritum sanctum sanctificantem Ecclesiam. Sed melius est et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1404 secundum communiorem usum, ut non ponatur ibi in, sed simpliciter
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1405 dicatur sanctam Ecclesiam Catholicam, sicut etiam Leo Papa
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
1406 dicit.</p><p title="II-II q. 1 a. 9 ad 6"><a name="38829"><span class="ref">[38829] IIª-IIae q. 1 a. 9 ad 6</span></a> Ad sextum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1407 dicendum quod, quia symbolum patrum est declarativum symboli
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1408 apostolorum, et etiam fuit conditum fide iam manifestata et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1409 Ecclesia pacem habente, propter hoc publice in Missa cantatur.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1410 Symbolum autem apostolorum, quod tempore persecutionis editum fuit,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1411 fide nondum publicata, occulte dicitur in prima et in completorio,
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
1412 quasi contra tenebras errorum praeteritorum et futurorum.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 10</h3><p title="II-II q. 1 a. 10 arg. 1"><a name="38830"><span class="ref">[38830] IIª-IIae q. 1 a. 10 arg. 1</span></a> Ad decimum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1413 sic proceditur. Videtur quod non pertineat ad summum pontificem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1414 fidei symbolum ordinare. Nova enim editio symboli necessaria est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1415 propter explicationem articulorum fidei, sicut dictum est. Sed in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1416 veteri testamento articuli fidei magis ac magis explicabantur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1417 secundum temporum successionem propter hoc quod veritas fidei magis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1418 manifestabatur secundum maiorem propinquitatem ad Christum, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1419 supra dictum est. Cessante ergo tali causa in nova lege, non debet
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1420 fieri maior ac maior explicatio articulorum fidei. Ergo non videtur
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
1421 ad auctoritatem summi pontificis pertinere nova symboli editio.</p><p title="II-II q. 1 a. 10 arg. 2"><a name="38831"><span class="ref">[38831] IIª-IIae q. 1 a. 10 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1422 illud quod est sub anathemate interdictum ab universali Ecclesia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1423 non subest potestati alicuius hominis. Sed nova symboli editio
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1424 interdicta est sub anathemate auctoritate universalis Ecclesiae.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1425 Dicitur enim in gestis primae Ephesinae synodi quod, <i>perlecto
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1426 symbolo Nicaenae synodi, decrevit sancta synodus aliam fidem nulli
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1427 licere proferre vel conscribere vel componere praeter definitam a
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1428 sanctis patribus qui in Nicaea congregati sunt cum spiritu
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1429 sancto</i>, et subditur anathematis poena; et idem etiam reiteratur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1430 in gestis Chalcedonensis synodi. Ergo videtur quod non pertineat ad
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
1431 auctoritatem summi pontificis nova editio symboli.</p><p title="II-II q. 1 a. 10 arg. 3"><a name="38832"><span class="ref">[38832] IIª-IIae q. 1 a. 10 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1432 Athanasius non fuit summus pontifex, sed Alexandrinus patriarcha.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1433 Et tamen symbolum constituit quod in Ecclesia cantatur. Ergo non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1434 magis videtur pertinere editio symboli ad summum pontificem quam ad
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
1435 alios.</p><p title="II-II q. 1 a. 10 s. c."><a name="38833"><span class="ref">[38833] IIª-IIae q. 1 a. 10 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1436 est quod editio symboli facta est in synodo generali. Sed huiusmodi
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1437 synodus auctoritate solius summi pontificis potest congregari, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1438 habetur in decretis, dist. XVII. Ergo editio symboli ad
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
1439 auctoritatem summi pontificis pertinet.</p><p title="II-II q. 1 a. 10 co."><a name="38834"><span class="ref">[38834] IIª-IIae q. 1 a. 10 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1440 dicendum quod, sicut supra dictum est, nova editio symboli
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1441 necessaria est ad vitandum insurgentes errores. Ad illius ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1442 auctoritatem pertinet editio symboli ad cuius auctoritatem pertinet
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1443 sententialiter determinare ea quae sunt fidei, ut ab omnibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1444 inconcussa fide teneantur. Hoc autem pertinet ad auctoritatem summi
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1445 pontificis, <i>ad quem maiores et difficiliores Ecclesiae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1446 quaestiones referuntur</i> ut dicitur in decretis, dist. XVII. Unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1447 et dominus, Luc. XXII, Petro dixit, quem summum pontificem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1448 constituit, <i>ego pro te rogavi, Petre, ut non deficiat fides tua,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1449 et tu aliquando conversus confirma fratres tuos</i>. Et huius ratio
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1450 est quia una fides debet esse totius Ecclesiae, secundum illud I ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1451 Cor. I, <i>idipsum dicatis omnes, et non sint in vobis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1452 schismata</i>. Quod servari non posset nisi quaestio fidei de fide
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1453 exorta determinaretur per eum qui toti Ecclesiae praeest, ut sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1454 eius sententia a tota Ecclesia firmiter teneatur. Et ideo ad solam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1455 auctoritatem summi pontificis pertinet nova editio symboli, sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1456 et omnia alia quae pertinent ad totam Ecclesiam, ut congregare
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
1457 synodum generalem et alia huiusmodi.</p><p title="II-II q. 1 a. 10 ad 1"><a name="38835"><span class="ref">[38835] IIª-IIae q. 1 a. 10 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1458 ergo dicendum quod in doctrina Christi et apostolorum veritas fidei
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1459 est sufficienter explicata. Sed quia perversi homines apostolicam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1460 doctrinam et ceteras Scripturas <i>pervertunt ad sui ipsorum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1461 perditionem</i>, sicut dicitur II Pet. ult.; ideo necessaria est,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1462 temporibus procedentibus, explanatio fidei contra insurgentes
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
1463 errores.</p><p title="II-II q. 1 a. 10 ad 2"><a name="38836"><span class="ref">[38836] IIª-IIae q. 1 a. 10 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1464 dicendum quod prohibitio et sententia synodi se extendit ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1465 privatas personas, quarum non est determinare de fide. Non enim per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1466 huiusmodi sententiam synodi generalis ablata est potestas sequenti
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1467 synodo novam editionem symboli facere, non quidem aliam fidem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1468 continentem, sed eandem magis expositam. Sic enim quaelibet synodus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1469 observavit, ut sequens synodus aliquid exponeret supra id quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1470 praecedens synodus exposuerat, propter necessitatem alicuius
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1471 haeresis insurgentis. Unde pertinet ad summum pontificem, cuius
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
1472 auctoritate synodus congregatur et eius sententia confirmatur.</p><p title="II-II q. 1 a. 10 ad 3"><a name="38837"><span class="ref">[38837] IIª-IIae q. 1 a. 10 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1473 dicendum quod Athanasius non composuit manifestationem fidei per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1474 modum symboli, sed magis per modum cuiusdam doctrinae, ut ex ipso
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1475 modo loquendi apparet. Sed quia integram fidei veritatem eius
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1476 doctrina breviter continebat, auctoritate summi pontificis est
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
1477 recepta, ut quasi regula fidei habeatur.</p></div></div><div class="q" id="q2"><h2>Quaestio 2</h2><div class="p"><h3>Prooemium</h3><p title="II-II q. 2 pr."><a name="38838"><span class="ref">[38838]
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
1478 IIª-IIae q. 2 pr.</span></a> Deinde considerandum est de actu
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1479 fidei. Et primo, de actu interiori; secundo, de actu exteriori.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1480 Circa primum quaeruntur decem. Primo, quid sit credere, quod est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1481 actus interior fidei. Secundo, quot modis dicatur. Tertio, utrum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1482 credere aliquid supra rationem naturalem sit necessarium ad
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1483 salutem. Quarto, utrum credere ea ad quae ratio naturalis pervenire
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1484 potest sit necessarium. Quinto, utrum sit necessarium ad salutem
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1485 credere aliqua explicite. Sexto, utrum ad credendum explicite omnes
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1486 aequaliter teneantur. Septimo, utrum habere explicitam fidem de
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1487 Christo semper sit necessarium ad salutem. Octavo, utrum credere
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1488 Trinitatem explicite sit de necessitate salutis. Nono, utrum actus
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1489 fidei sit meritorius. Decimo, utrum ratio humana diminuat meritum
53
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parents: 28
diff changeset
1490 fidei.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 1</h3><p title="II-II q. 2 a. 1 arg. 1"><a name="38839"><span class="ref">[38839] IIª-IIae q. 2 a. 1 arg. 1</span></a> Ad primum
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1491 sic proceditur. Videtur quod credere non sit cum assensione
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1492 cogitare. Cogitatio enim importat quandam inquisitionem, dicitur
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1493 enim cogitare quasi simul agitare. Sed Damascenus dicit, in IV
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1494 Lib., quod <i>fides est non inquisitus consensus</i>. Ergo cogitare
53
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parents: 28
diff changeset
1495 non pertinet ad actum fidei.</p><p title="II-II q. 2 a. 1 arg. 2"><a name="38840"><span class="ref">[38840] IIª-IIae q. 2 a. 1 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1496 fides in ratione ponitur, ut infra dicetur. Sed cogitare est actus
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1497 cogitativae potentiae, quae pertinet ad partem sensitivam, ut in
53
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parents: 28
diff changeset
1498 primo dictum est. Ergo cogitatio ad fidem non pertinet.</p><p title="II-II q. 2 a. 1 arg. 3"><a name="38841"><span class="ref">[38841] IIª-IIae q. 2 a. 1 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1499 credere est actus intellectus, quia eius obiectum est verum. Sed
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1500 assentire non videtur esse actus intellectus, sed voluntatis, sicut
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1501 et consentire, ut supra dictum est. Ergo credere non est cum
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
1502 assensione cogitare.</p><p title="II-II q. 2 a. 1 s. c."><a name="38842"><span class="ref">[38842] IIª-IIae q. 2 a. 1 s. c.</span></a> In
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1503 contrarium est quod Augustinus sic definit credere in libro de
53
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parents: 28
diff changeset
1504 Praed. Sanct.</p><p title="II-II q. 2 a. 1 co."><a name="38843"><span class="ref">[38843] IIª-IIae q. 2 a. 1 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1505 dicendum quod cogitare tripliciter sumi potest. Uno modo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1506 communiter pro qualibet actuali consideratione intellectus, sicut
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1507 Augustinus dicit, in XIV de Trin., <i>hanc nunc dico intelligentiam
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1508 qua intelligimus cogitantes</i>. Alio modo dicitur cogitare magis
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1509 proprie consideratio intellectus quae est cum quadam inquisitione,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1510 antequam perveniatur ad perfectionem intellectus per certitudinem
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1511 visionis. Et secundum hoc Augustinus, XV de Trin., dicit quod
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1512 <i>Dei filius non cogitatio dicitur, sed verbum Dei dicitur.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1513 Cogitatio quippe nostra proveniens ad id quod scimus atque inde
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1514 formata verbum nostrum verum est. Et ideo verbum Dei sine
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1515 cogitatione debet intelligi, non aliquid habens formabile, quod
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1516 possit esse informe</i>. Et secundum hoc cogitatio proprie dicitur
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1517 motus animi deliberantis nondum perfecti per plenam visionem
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1518 veritatis. Sed quia talis motus potest esse vel animi deliberantis
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1519 circa intentiones universales, quod pertinet ad intellectivam
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1520 partem; vel circa intentiones particulares, quod pertinet ad partem
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1521 sensitivam, ideo cogitare secundo modo sumitur pro actu intellectus
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1522 deliberantis; tertio modo, pro actu virtutis cogitativae. Si igitur
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1523 cogitare sumatur communiter, secundum primum modum, sic hoc quod
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1524 dicitur cum assensione cogitare non dicit totam rationem eius quod
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1525 est credere, nam per hunc modum etiam qui considerat ea quae scit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1526 vel intelligit cum assensione cogitat. Si vero sumatur cogitare
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1527 secundo modo, sic in hoc intelligitur tota ratio huius actus qui
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1528 est credere. Actuum enim ad intellectum pertinentium quidam habent
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1529 firmam assensionem absque tali cogitatione, sicut cum aliquis
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1530 considerat ea quae scit vel intelligit, talis enim consideratio iam
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1531 est formata. Quidam vero actus intellectus habent quidem
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1532 cogitationem informem absque firma assensione, sive in neutram
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1533 partem declinent, sicut accidit dubitanti; sive in unam partem
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1534 magis declinent sed tenentur aliquo levi signo, sicut accidit
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1535 suspicanti; sive uni parti adhaereant, tamen cum formidine
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1536 alterius, quod accidit opinanti. Sed actus iste qui est credere
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1537 habet firmam adhaesionem ad unam partem, in quo convenit credens
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1538 cum sciente et intelligente, et tamen eius cognitio non est
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1539 perfecta per manifestam visionem, in quo convenit cum dubitante,
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1540 suspicante et opinante. Et sic proprium est credentis ut cum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1541 assensu cogitet, et per hoc distinguitur iste actus qui est credere
53
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ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
1542 ab omnibus actibus intellectus qui sunt circa verum vel falsum.</p><p title="II-II q. 2 a. 1 ad 1"><a name="38844"><span class="ref">[38844] IIª-IIae q. 2 a. 1 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1543 ergo dicendum quod fides non habet inquisitionem rationis naturalis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1544 demonstrantis id quod creditur. Habet tamen inquisitionem quandam
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1545 eorum per quae inducitur homo ad credendum, puta quia sunt dicta a
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
1546 Deo et miraculis confirmata.</p><p title="II-II q. 2 a. 1 ad 2"><a name="38845"><span class="ref">[38845] IIª-IIae q. 2 a. 1 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1547 dicendum quod cogitare non sumitur hic prout est actus cogitativae
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
1548 virtutis, sed prout pertinet ad intellectum, ut dictum est.</p><p title="II-II q. 2 a. 1 ad 3"><a name="38846"><span class="ref">[38846] IIª-IIae q. 2 a. 1 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1549 dicendum quod intellectus credentis determinatur ad unum non per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1550 rationem, sed per voluntatem. Et ideo assensus hic accipitur pro
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1551 actu intellectus secundum quod a voluntate determinatur ad
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
1552 unum.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 2</h3><p title="II-II q. 2 a. 2 arg. 1"><a name="38847"><span class="ref">[38847] IIª-IIae q. 2 a. 2 arg. 1</span></a> Ad secundum
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1553 sic proceditur. Videtur quod inconvenienter distinguatur actus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1554 fidei per hoc quod est <i>credere Deo, credere Deum et credere in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1555 Deum</i>. Unius enim habitus unus est actus. Sed fides est unus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1556 habitus, cum sit una virtus. Ergo inconvenienter ponuntur plures
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
1557 actus eius.</p><p title="II-II q. 2 a. 2 arg. 2"><a name="38848"><span class="ref">[38848] IIª-IIae q. 2 a. 2 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1558 illud quod est commune omni actui fidei non debet poni ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1559 particularis actus fidei. Sed credere Deo invenitur communiter in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1560 quolibet actu fidei, quia fides innititur primae veritati. Ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1561 videtur quod inconvenienter distinguatur a quibusdam aliis actibus
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
1562 fidei.</p><p title="II-II q. 2 a. 2 arg. 3"><a name="38849"><span class="ref">[38849] IIª-IIae q. 2 a. 2 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1563 illud quod convenit etiam non fidelibus non potest poni fidei
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1564 actus. Sed credere Deum esse convenit etiam infidelibus. Ergo non
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
1565 debet poni inter actus fidei.</p><p title="II-II q. 2 a. 2 arg. 4"><a name="38850"><span class="ref">[38850] IIª-IIae q. 2 a. 2 arg. 4</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1566 moveri in finem pertinet ad voluntatem, cuius obiectum est bonum et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1567 finis. Sed credere non est actus voluntatis, sed intellectus. Ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1568 non debet poni differentia una eius quod est credere in Deum, quod
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
1569 importat motum in finem.</p><p title="II-II q. 2 a. 2 s. c."><a name="38851"><span class="ref">[38851] IIª-IIae q. 2 a. 2 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1570 est quod Augustinus hanc distinctionem ponit, in libris de Verb.
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
1571 Dom., et super Ioan.</p><p title="II-II q. 2 a. 2 co."><a name="38852"><span class="ref">[38852] IIª-IIae q. 2 a. 2 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1572 dicendum quod actus cuiuslibet potentiae vel habitus accipitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1573 secundum ordinem potentiae vel habitus ad suum obiectum. Obiectum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1574 autem fidei potest tripliciter considerari. Cum enim credere ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1575 intellectum pertineat prout est a voluntate motus ad assentiendum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1576 ut dictum est, potest obiectum fidei accipi vel ex parte ipsius
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1577 intellectus, vel ex parte voluntatis intellectum moventis. Si
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1578 quidem ex parte intellectus, sic in obiecto fidei duo possunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1579 considerari, sicut supra dictum est. Quorum unum est materiale
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1580 obiectum fidei. Et sic ponitur actus fidei credere Deum, quia,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1581 sicut supra dictum est, nihil proponitur nobis ad credendum nisi
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1582 secundum quod ad Deum pertinet. Aliud autem est formalis ratio
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1583 obiecti, quod est sicut medium propter quod tali credibili
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1584 assentitur. Et sic ponitur actus fidei credere Deo, quia, sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1585 supra dictum est, formale obiectum fidei est veritas prima, cui
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1586 inhaeret homo ut propter eam creditis assentiat. Si vero
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1587 consideretur tertio modo obiectum fidei, secundum quod intellectus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1588 est motus a voluntate, sic ponitur actus fidei credere in Deum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1589 veritas enim prima ad voluntatem refertur secundum quod habet
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
1590 rationem finis.</p><p title="II-II q. 2 a. 2 ad 1"><a name="38853"><span class="ref">[38853] IIª-IIae q. 2 a. 2 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1591 ergo dicendum quod per ista tria non designantur diversi actus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1592 fidei, sed unus et idem actus habens diversam relationem ad fidei
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
1593 obiectum.</p><p title="II-II q. 2 a. 2 ad 2"><a name="38854"><span class="ref">[38854] IIª-IIae q. 2 a. 2 ad 2</span></a> Et per hoc
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
1594 etiam patet responsio ad secundum.</p><p title="II-II q. 2 a. 2 ad 3"><a name="38855"><span class="ref">[38855] IIª-IIae q. 2 a. 2 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1595 dicendum quod credere Deum non convenit infidelibus sub ea ratione
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1596 qua ponitur actus fidei. Non enim credunt Deum esse sub his
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1597 conditionibus quas fides determinat. Et ideo nec vere Deum credunt,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1598 quia, ut philosophus dicit, IX Metaphys., in simplicibus defectus
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
1599 cognitionis est solum in non attingendo totaliter.</p><p title="II-II q. 2 a. 2 ad 4"><a name="38856"><span class="ref">[38856] IIª-IIae q. 2 a. 2 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1600 dicendum quod, sicut supra dictum est, voluntas movet intellectum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1601 et alias vires animae in finem. Et secundum hoc ponitur actus fidei
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
1602 credere in Deum.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 3</h3><p title="II-II q. 2 a. 3 arg. 1"><a name="38857"><span class="ref">[38857] IIª-IIae q. 2 a. 3 arg. 1</span></a> Ad tertium
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1603 sic proceditur. Videtur quod credere non sit necessarium ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1604 salutem. Ad salutem enim et perfectionem cuiuslibet rei ea
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1605 sufficere videntur quae conveniunt ei secundum suam naturam. Sed ea
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1606 quae sunt fidei excedunt naturalem hominis rationem, cum sint non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1607 apparentia, ut supra dictum est. Ergo credere non videtur esse
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
1608 necessarium ad salutem.</p><p title="II-II q. 2 a. 3 arg. 2"><a name="38858"><span class="ref">[38858] IIª-IIae q. 2 a. 3 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1609 periculose homo assentit illis in quibus non potest iudicare utrum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1610 illud quod ei proponitur sit verum vel falsum, secundum illud Iob
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1611 XII, <i>nonne auris verba diiudicat?</i> Sed tale iudicium homo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1612 habere non potest in his quae sunt fidei, quia non potest homo ea
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1613 resolvere in principia prima, per quae de omnibus iudicamus. Ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1614 periculosum est talibus fidem adhibere. Credere ergo non est
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
1615 necessarium ad salutem.</p><p title="II-II q. 2 a. 3 arg. 3"><a name="38859"><span class="ref">[38859] IIª-IIae q. 2 a. 3 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1616 salus hominis in Deo consistit, secundum illud Psalm., <i>salus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1617 autem iustorum a domino. Sed invisibilia Dei per ea quae facta sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1618 intellecta conspiciuntur; sempiterna quoque virtus eius et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1619 divinitas</i>, ut dicitur Rom. I. Quae autem conspiciuntur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1620 intellectu non creduntur. Ergo non est necessarium ad salutem ut
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
1621 homo aliqua credat.</p><p title="II-II q. 2 a. 3 s. c."><a name="38860"><span class="ref">[38860] IIª-IIae q. 2 a. 3 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1622 est quod dicitur Heb. XI, <i>sine fide impossibile est placere
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
1623 Deo</i>.</p><p title="II-II q. 2 a. 3 co."><a name="38861"><span class="ref">[38861] IIª-IIae q. 2 a. 3 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1624 dicendum quod in omnibus naturis ordinatis invenitur quod ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1625 perfectionem naturae inferioris duo concurrunt, unum quidem quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1626 est secundum proprium motum; aliud autem quod est secundum motum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1627 superioris naturae. Sicut aqua secundum motum proprium movetur ad
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diff changeset
1628 centrum, secundum autem motum lunae movetur circa centrum secundum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1629 fluxum et refluxum, similiter etiam orbes planetarum moventur
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1630 propriis motibus ab occidente in orientem, motu autem primi orbis
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1631 ab oriente in occidentem. Sola autem natura rationalis creata habet
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1632 immediatum ordinem ad Deum. Quia ceterae creaturae non attingunt ad
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1633 aliquid universale, sed solum ad aliquid particulare, participantes
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1634 divinam bonitatem vel in essendo tantum, sicut inanimata, vel etiam
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1635 in vivendo et cognoscendo singularia, sicut plantae et animalia,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1636 natura autem rationalis, inquantum cognoscit universalem boni et
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1637 entis rationem, habet immediatum ordinem ad universale essendi
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1638 principium. Perfectio ergo rationalis creaturae non solum consistit
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1639 in eo quod ei competit secundum suam naturam, sed etiam in eo quod
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1640 ei attribuitur ex quadam supernaturali participatione divinae
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1641 bonitatis. Unde et supra dictum est quod ultima beatitudo hominis
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1642 consistit in quadam supernaturali Dei visione. Ad quam quidem
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1643 visionem homo pertingere non potest nisi per modum addiscentis a
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diff changeset
1644 Deo doctore, secundum illud Ioan. VI, <i>omnis qui audit a patre et
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diff changeset
1645 didicit venit ad me</i>. Huius autem disciplinae fit homo particeps
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1646 non statim, sed successive, secundum modum suae naturae. Omnis
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1647 autem talis addiscens oportet quod credat, ad hoc quod ad perfectam
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diff changeset
1648 scientiam perveniat, sicut etiam philosophus dicit quod oportet
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1649 addiscentem credere. Unde ad hoc quod homo perveniat ad perfectam
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1650 visionem beatitudinis praeexigitur quod credat Deo tanquam
53
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diff changeset
1651 discipulus magistro docenti.</p><p title="II-II q. 2 a. 3 ad 1"><a name="38862"><span class="ref">[38862] IIª-IIae q. 2 a. 3 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28
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diff changeset
1652 ergo dicendum quod, quia natura hominis dependet a superiori
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1653 natura, ad eius perfectionem non sufficit cognitio naturalis, sed
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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diff changeset
1654 requiritur quaedam supernaturalis, ut supra dictum est.</p><p title="II-II q. 2 a. 3 ad 2"><a name="38863"><span class="ref">[38863] IIª-IIae q. 2 a. 3 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
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diff changeset
1655 dicendum quod, sicut homo per naturale lumen intellectus assentit
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diff changeset
1656 principiis, ita homo virtuosus per habitum virtutis habet rectum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1657 iudicium de his quae conveniunt virtuti illi. Et hoc modo etiam per
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1658 lumen fidei divinitus infusum homini homo assentit his quae sunt
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1659 fidei, non autem contrariis. Et ideo <i>nihil periculi vel
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diff changeset
1660 damnationis inest his qui sunt in Christo Iesu</i>, ab ipso
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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diff changeset
1661 illuminati per fidem.</p><p title="II-II q. 2 a. 3 ad 3"><a name="38864"><span class="ref">[38864] IIª-IIae q. 2 a. 3 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
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diff changeset
1662 dicendum quod invisibilia Dei altiori modo, quantum ad plura,
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diff changeset
1663 percipit fides quam ratio naturalis ex creaturis in Deum procedens.
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diff changeset
1664 Unde dicitur Eccli. III, <i>plurima super sensum hominis ostensa
53
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diff changeset
1665 sunt tibi</i>.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 4</h3><p title="II-II q. 2 a. 4 arg. 1"><a name="38865"><span class="ref">[38865] IIª-IIae q. 2 a. 4 arg. 1</span></a> Ad quartum
28
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diff changeset
1666 sic proceditur. Videtur quod ea quae ratione naturali probari
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1667 possunt non sit necessarium credere. In operibus enim Dei nihil
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1668 superfluum invenitur, multo minus quam in operibus naturae. Sed ad
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1669 id quod per unum potest fieri superflue apponitur aliud. Ergo ea
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1670 quae per naturalem rationem cognosci possunt superfluum esset per
53
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diff changeset
1671 fidem accipere.</p><p title="II-II q. 2 a. 4 arg. 2"><a name="38866"><span class="ref">[38866] IIª-IIae q. 2 a. 4 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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diff changeset
1672 ea necesse est credere de quibus est fides. Sed non est de eodem
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1673 scientia et fides, ut supra habitum est. Cum igitur scientia sit de
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diff changeset
1674 omnibus illis quae naturali ratione cognosci possunt, videtur quod
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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diff changeset
1675 non oporteat credere ea quae per naturalem rationem probantur.</p><p title="II-II q. 2 a. 4 arg. 3"><a name="38867"><span class="ref">[38867] IIª-IIae q. 2 a. 4 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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diff changeset
1676 omnia scibilia videntur esse unius rationis. Si igitur quaedam
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1677 eorum proponuntur homini ut credenda, pari ratione omnia huiusmodi
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1678 necesse esset credere. Hoc autem est falsum. Non ergo ea quae per
53
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diff changeset
1679 naturalem rationem cognosci possunt necesse est credere.</p><p title="II-II q. 2 a. 4 s. c."><a name="38868"><span class="ref">[38868] IIª-IIae q. 2 a. 4 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28
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diff changeset
1680 est quia necesse est Deum credere esse unum et incorporeum, quae
53
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diff changeset
1681 naturali ratione a philosophis probantur.</p><p title="II-II q. 2 a. 4 co."><a name="38869"><span class="ref">[38869] IIª-IIae q. 2 a. 4 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
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diff changeset
1682 dicendum quod necessarium est homini accipere per modum fidei non
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1683 solum ea quae sunt supra rationem, sed etiam ea quae per rationem
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1684 cognosci possunt. Et hoc propter tria. Primo quidem, ut citius homo
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1685 ad veritatis divinae cognitionem perveniat. Scientia enim ad quam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1686 pertinet probare Deum esse et alia huiusmodi de Deo, ultimo
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1687 hominibus addiscenda proponitur, praesuppositis multis aliis
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1688 scientiis. Et sic non nisi post multum tempus vitae suae homo ad
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1689 Dei cognitionem perveniret. Secundo, ut cognitio Dei sit communior.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1690 Multi enim in studio scientiae proficere non possunt, vel propter
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1691 hebetudinem ingenii; vel propter alias occupationes et necessitates
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1692 temporalis vitae; vel etiam propter torporem addiscendi. Qui omnino
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1693 a Dei cognitione fraudarentur nisi proponerentur eis divina per
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1694 modum fidei. Tertio modo, propter certitudinem. Ratio enim humana
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1695 in rebus divinis est multum deficiens, cuius signum est quia
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1696 philosophi, de rebus humanis naturali investigatione perscrutantes,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1697 in multis erraverunt et sibi ipsis contraria senserunt. Ut ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1698 esset indubitata et certa cognitio apud homines de Deo, oportuit
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1699 quod divina eis per modum fidei traderentur, quasi a Deo dicta, qui
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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diff changeset
1700 mentiri non potest.</p><p title="II-II q. 2 a. 4 ad 1"><a name="38870"><span class="ref">[38870] IIª-IIae q. 2 a. 4 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28
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diff changeset
1701 ergo dicendum quod investigatio naturalis rationis non sufficit
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diff changeset
1702 humano generi ad cognitionem divinorum etiam quae ratione ostendi
53
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diff changeset
1703 possunt. Et ideo non est superfluum ut talia credantur.</p><p title="II-II q. 2 a. 4 ad 2"><a name="38871"><span class="ref">[38871] IIª-IIae q. 2 a. 4 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
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diff changeset
1704 dicendum quod de eodem non potest esse scientia et fides apud
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diff changeset
1705 eundem. Sed id quod est ab uno scitum potest esse ab alio creditum,
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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diff changeset
1706 ut supra dictum est.</p><p title="II-II q. 2 a. 4 ad 3"><a name="38872"><span class="ref">[38872] IIª-IIae q. 2 a. 4 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
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diff changeset
1707 dicendum quod, si omnia scibilia conveniant in ratione scientiae,
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diff changeset
1708 non tamen conveniunt in hoc quod aequaliter ordinent ad
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diff changeset
1709 beatitudinem. Et ideo non aequaliter omnia proponuntur ut
53
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diff changeset
1710 credenda.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 5</h3><p title="II-II q. 2 a. 5 arg. 1"><a name="38873"><span class="ref">[38873] IIª-IIae q. 2 a. 5 arg. 1</span></a> Ad quintum
28
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diff changeset
1711 sic proceditur. Videtur quod non teneatur homo ad credendum aliquid
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1712 explicite. Nullus enim tenetur ad id quod non est in eius
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1713 potestate. Sed credere aliquid explicite non est in hominis
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1714 potestate, dicitur enim Rom. X, <i>quomodo credent ei quem non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1715 audierunt? Quomodo audient sine praedicante? Quomodo autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1716 praedicabunt nisi mittantur?</i> Ergo credere aliquid explicite
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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diff changeset
1717 homo non tenetur.</p><p title="II-II q. 2 a. 5 arg. 2"><a name="38874"><span class="ref">[38874] IIª-IIae q. 2 a. 5 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1718 sicut per fidem ordinamur in Deum, ita et per caritatem. Sed ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1719 servandum praecepta caritatis homo non tenetur, sed sufficit sola
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1720 praeparatio animi, sicut patet in illo praecepto domini quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1721 ponitur Matth. V, <i>si quis percusserit te in una maxilla, praebe
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1722 ei et aliam</i>, et in aliis consimilibus, ut Augustinus exponit,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1723 in libro de Serm. Dom. in monte. Ergo etiam non tenetur homo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1724 explicite aliquid credere, sed sufficit quod habeat animum paratum
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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diff changeset
1725 ad credendum ea quae a Deo proponuntur.</p><p title="II-II q. 2 a. 5 arg. 3"><a name="38875"><span class="ref">[38875] IIª-IIae q. 2 a. 5 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1726 bonum fidei in quadam obedientia consistit, secundum illud Rom. I,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1727 <i>ad obediendum fidei in omnibus gentibus</i>. Sed ad virtutem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1728 obedientiae non requiritur quod homo aliqua determinata praecepta
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1729 observet, sed sufficit quod habeat promptum animum ad obediendum,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1730 secundum illud Psalm., <i>paratus sum, et non sum turbatus, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1731 custodiam mandata tua</i>. Ergo videtur quod etiam ad fidem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1732 sufficiat quod homo habeat promptum animum ad credendum ea quae ei
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1733 divinitus proponi possent, absque hoc quod explicite aliquid
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
1734 credat.</p><p title="II-II q. 2 a. 5 s. c."><a name="38876"><span class="ref">[38876] IIª-IIae q. 2 a. 5 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1735 est quod dicitur ad Heb. XI, <i>accedentem ad Deum oportet credere
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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diff changeset
1736 quia est, et quod inquirentibus se remunerator est</i>.</p><p title="II-II q. 2 a. 5 co."><a name="38877"><span class="ref">[38877] IIª-IIae q. 2 a. 5 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1737 dicendum quod praecepta legis quae homo tenetur implere dantur de
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1738 actibus virtutum qui sunt via perveniendi ad salutem. Actus autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1739 virtutis, sicut supra dictum est, sumitur secundum habitudinem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1740 habitus ad obiectum. Sed in obiecto cuiuslibet virtutis duo possunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1741 considerari, scilicet id quod est proprie et per se virtutis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1742 obiectum, quod necessarium est in omni actu virtutis; et iterum id
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1743 quod per accidens sive consequenter se habet ad propriam rationem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1744 obiecti. Sicut ad obiectum fortitudinis proprie et per se pertinet
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1745 sustinere pericula mortis et aggredi hostes cum periculo propter
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1746 bonum commune, sed quod homo armetur vel ense percutiat in bello
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1747 iusto, aut aliquid huiusmodi faciat, reducitur quidem ad obiectum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1748 fortitudinis, sed per accidens. Determinatio igitur virtuosi actus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1749 ad proprium et per se obiectum virtutis est sub necessitate
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1750 praecepti, sicut et ipse virtutis actus. Sed determinatio actus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1751 virtuosi ad ea quae accidentaliter vel secundario se habent ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1752 proprium et per se virtutis obiectum non cadit sub necessitate
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1753 praecepti nisi pro loco et tempore. Dicendum est ergo quod fidei
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1754 obiectum per se est id per quod homo beatus efficitur, ut supra
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1755 dictum est. Per accidens autem vel secundario se habent ad obiectum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1756 fidei omnia quae in Scriptura divinitus tradita continentur, sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1757 quod Abraham habuit duos filios, quod David fuit filius Isai, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1758 alia huiusmodi. Quantum ergo ad prima credibilia, quae sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1759 articuli fidei, tenetur homo explicite credere, sicut et tenetur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1760 habere fidem. Quantum autem ad alia credibilia, non tenetur homo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1761 explicite credere, sed solum implicite vel in praeparatione animi,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1762 inquantum paratus est credere quidquid in divina Scriptura
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1763 continetur. Sed tunc solum huiusmodi tenetur explicite credere
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
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diff changeset
1764 quando hoc ei constiterit in doctrina fidei contineri.</p><p title="II-II q. 2 a. 5 ad 1"><a name="38878"><span class="ref">[38878] IIª-IIae q. 2 a. 5 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1765 ergo dicendum quod, si in potestate hominis esse dicatur aliquid
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1766 excluso auxilio gratiae, sic ad multa tenetur homo ad quae non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1767 potest sine gratia reparante, sicut ad diligendum Deum et proximum;
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1768 et similiter ad credendum articulos fidei. Sed tamen hoc potest
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1769 homo cum auxilio gratiae. Quod quidem auxilium quibuscumque
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1770 divinitus datur, misericorditer datur; quibus autem non datur, ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1771 iustitia non datur, in poenam praecedentis peccati, saltem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1772 originalis peccati; ut Augustinus dicit, in libro de Cor. et
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
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diff changeset
1773 gratia.</p><p title="II-II q. 2 a. 5 ad 2"><a name="38879"><span class="ref">[38879] IIª-IIae q. 2 a. 5 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1774 dicendum quod homo tenetur ad determinate diligendum illa
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1775 diligibilia quae sunt proprie et per se caritatis obiecta, scilicet
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1776 Deus et proximus. Sed obiectio procedit de illis praeceptis
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diff changeset
1777 caritatis quae quasi consequenter pertinent ad obiectum
53
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diff changeset
1778 caritatis.</p><p title="II-II q. 2 a. 5 ad 3"><a name="38880"><span class="ref">[38880] IIª-IIae q. 2 a. 5 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
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diff changeset
1779 dicendum quod virtus obedientiae proprie in voluntate consistit. Et
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diff changeset
1780 ideo ad actum obedientiae sufficit promptitudo voluntatis subiecta
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1781 praecipienti, quae est proprium et per se obiectum obedientiae. Sed
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diff changeset
1782 hoc praeceptum vel illud per accidens vel consequenter se habet ad
53
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diff changeset
1783 proprium et per se obiectum obedientiae.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 6</h3><p title="II-II q. 2 a. 6 arg. 1"><a name="38881"><span class="ref">[38881] IIª-IIae q. 2 a. 6 arg. 1</span></a> Ad sextum
28
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diff changeset
1784 sic proceditur. Videtur quod aequaliter omnes teneantur ad habendum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1785 fidem explicitam. Ad ea enim quae sunt de necessitate salutis omnes
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1786 tenentur, sicut patet de praeceptis caritatis. Sed explicatio
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diff changeset
1787 credendorum est de necessitate salutis, ut dictum est. Ergo omnes
53
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diff changeset
1788 aequaliter tenentur ad explicite credendum.</p><p title="II-II q. 2 a. 6 arg. 2"><a name="38882"><span class="ref">[38882] IIª-IIae q. 2 a. 6 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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diff changeset
1789 nullus debet examinari de eo quod explicite credere non tenetur.
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diff changeset
1790 Sed quandoque etiam simplices examinantur de minimis articulis
53
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diff changeset
1791 fidei. Ergo omnes tenentur explicite omnia credere.</p><p title="II-II q. 2 a. 6 arg. 3"><a name="38883"><span class="ref">[38883] IIª-IIae q. 2 a. 6 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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diff changeset
1792 si minores non tenentur habere fidem explicitam, sed solum
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diff changeset
1793 implicitam, oportet quod habeant fidem implicitam in fide maiorum.
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diff changeset
1794 Sed hoc videtur esse periculosum, quia posset contingere quod illi
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1795 maiores errarent. Ergo videtur quod minores etiam debeant habere
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1796 fidem explicitam. Sic ergo omnes aequaliter tenentur ad explicite
53
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diff changeset
1797 credendum.</p><p title="II-II q. 2 a. 6 s. c."><a name="38884"><span class="ref">[38884] IIª-IIae q. 2 a. 6 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28
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diff changeset
1798 est quod dicitur Iob I, quod <i>boves arabant et asinae pascebantur
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diff changeset
1799 iuxta eos</i>, quia videlicet minores, qui significantur per
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diff changeset
1800 asinos, debent in credendis adhaerere maioribus, qui per boves
53
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diff changeset
1801 significantur; ut Gregorius exponit, in II Moral.</p><p title="II-II q. 2 a. 6 co."><a name="38885"><span class="ref">[38885] IIª-IIae q. 2 a. 6 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
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diff changeset
1802 dicendum quod explicatio credendorum fit per revelationem divinam,
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diff changeset
1803 credibilia enim naturalem rationem excedunt. Revelatio autem divina
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1804 ordine quodam ad inferiores pervenit per superiores, sicut ad
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1805 homines per Angelos, et ad inferiores Angelos per superiores, ut
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diff changeset
1806 patet per Dionysium, in Cael. Hier. Et ideo, pari ratione,
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diff changeset
1807 explicatio fidei oportet quod perveniat ad inferiores homines per
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diff changeset
1808 maiores. Et ideo sicut superiores Angeli, qui inferiores
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diff changeset
1809 illuminant, habent pleniorem notitiam de rebus divinis quam
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diff changeset
1810 inferiores, ut dicit Dionysius, XII cap. Cael. Hier.; ita etiam
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diff changeset
1811 superiores homines, ad quos pertinet alios erudire, tenentur habere
53
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diff changeset
1812 pleniorem notitiam de credendis et magis explicite credere.</p><p title="II-II q. 2 a. 6 ad 1"><a name="38886"><span class="ref">[38886] IIª-IIae q. 2 a. 6 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28
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diff changeset
1813 ergo dicendum quod explicatio credendorum non aequaliter quantum ad
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diff changeset
1814 omnes est de necessitate salutis, quia plura tenentur explicite
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diff changeset
1815 credere maiores, qui habent officium alios instruendi, quam
53
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diff changeset
1816 alii.</p><p title="II-II q. 2 a. 6 ad 2"><a name="38887"><span class="ref">[38887] IIª-IIae q. 2 a. 6 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
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diff changeset
1817 dicendum quod simplices non sunt examinandi de subtilitatibus fidei
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diff changeset
1818 nisi quando habetur suspicio quod sint ab haereticis depravati, qui
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1819 in his quae ad subtilitatem fidei pertinent solent fidem simplicium
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1820 depravare. Si tamen inveniuntur non pertinaciter perversae
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diff changeset
1821 doctrinae adhaerere, si in talibus ex simplicitate deficiant, non
53
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diff changeset
1822 eis imputatur.</p><p title="II-II q. 2 a. 6 ad 3"><a name="38888"><span class="ref">[38888] IIª-IIae q. 2 a. 6 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
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diff changeset
1823 dicendum quod minores non habent fidem implicitam in fide maiorum
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diff changeset
1824 nisi quatenus maiores adhaerent doctrinae divinae, unde et
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diff changeset
1825 apostolus dicit, I ad Cor. IV, <i>imitatores mei estote, sicut et
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1826 ego Christi</i>. Unde humana cognitio non fit regula fidei, sed
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diff changeset
1827 veritas divina. A qua si aliqui maiorum deficiant, non praeiudicat
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diff changeset
1828 fidei simplicium, qui eos rectam fidem habere credunt, nisi
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1829 pertinaciter eorum erroribus in particulari adhaereant contra
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1830 universalis Ecclesiae fidem, quae non potest deficere, domino
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diff changeset
1831 dicente, Luc. XXII, <i>ego pro te rogavi, Petre, ut non deficiat
53
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diff changeset
1832 fides tua</i>.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 7</h3><p title="II-II q. 2 a. 7 arg. 1"><a name="38889"><span class="ref">[38889] IIª-IIae q. 2 a. 7 arg. 1</span></a> Ad septimum
28
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diff changeset
1833 sic proceditur. Videtur quod credere explicite mysterium Christi
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diff changeset
1834 non sit de necessitate salutis apud omnes. Non enim tenetur homo
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diff changeset
1835 explicite credere ea quae Angeli ignorant, quia explicatio fidei
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1836 fit per revelationem divinam, quae pervenit ad homines mediantibus
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1837 Angelis, ut dictum est. Sed etiam Angeli mysterium incarnationis
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diff changeset
1838 ignoraverunt, unde quaerebant in Psalm., <i>quis est iste rex
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diff changeset
1839 gloriae?</i> Et Isaiae LXIII, <i>quis est iste qui venit de
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diff changeset
1840 Edom?</i> Ut Dionysius exponit, cap. VII Cael. Hier. Ergo ad
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diff changeset
1841 credendum explicite mysterium incarnationis homines non
53
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diff changeset
1842 tenebantur.</p><p title="II-II q. 2 a. 7 arg. 2"><a name="38890"><span class="ref">[38890] IIª-IIae q. 2 a. 7 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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diff changeset
1843 constat beatum Ioannem Baptistam de maioribus fuisse, et
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diff changeset
1844 propinquissimum Christo, de quo dominus dicit, Matth. XI, quod
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diff changeset
1845 <i>inter natos mulierum nullus maior eo surrexit</i>. Sed Ioannes
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diff changeset
1846 Baptista non videtur Christi mysterium explicite cognovisse, cum a
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diff changeset
1847 Christo quaesierit, <i>tu es qui venturus es, an alium
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diff changeset
1848 expectamus?</i> Ut habetur Matth. XI. Ergo non tenebantur etiam
53
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diff changeset
1849 maiores ad habendum explicitam fidem de Christo.</p><p title="II-II q. 2 a. 7 arg. 3"><a name="38891"><span class="ref">[38891] IIª-IIae q. 2 a. 7 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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diff changeset
1850 multi gentilium salutem adepti sunt per ministerium Angelorum, ut
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diff changeset
1851 Dionysius dicit, IX cap. Cael. Hier. Sed gentiles non habuerunt
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diff changeset
1852 fidem de Christo nec explicitam nec implicitam, ut videtur, quia
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diff changeset
1853 nulla eis revelatio facta est. Ergo videtur quod credere explicite
53
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diff changeset
1854 Christi mysterium non fuerit omnibus necessarium ad salutem.</p><p title="II-II q. 2 a. 7 s. c."><a name="38892"><span class="ref">[38892] IIª-IIae q. 2 a. 7 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28
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diff changeset
1855 est quod Augustinus dicit, in libro de Cor. et gratia, <i>illa
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diff changeset
1856 fides sana est qua credimus nullum hominem, sive maioris sive
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diff changeset
1857 parvae aetatis, liberari a contagio mortis et obligatione peccati
53
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diff changeset
1858 nisi per unum mediatorem Dei et hominum Iesum Christum</i>.</p><p title="II-II q. 2 a. 7 co."><a name="38893"><span class="ref">[38893] IIª-IIae q. 2 a. 7 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
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diff changeset
1859 dicendum quod, sicut supra dictum est, illud proprie et per se
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diff changeset
1860 pertinet ad obiectum fidei per quod homo beatitudinem consequitur.
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diff changeset
1861 Via autem hominibus veniendi ad beatitudinem est mysterium
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1862 incarnationis et passionis Christi, dicitur enim Act. IV, <i>non
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diff changeset
1863 est aliud nomen datum hominibus in quo oporteat nos salvos
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1864 fieri</i>. Et ideo mysterium incarnationis Christi aliqualiter
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diff changeset
1865 oportuit omni tempore esse creditum apud omnes, diversimode tamen
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1866 secundum diversitatem temporum et personarum. Nam ante statum
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diff changeset
1867 peccati homo habuit explicitam fidem de Christi incarnatione
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diff changeset
1868 secundum quod ordinabatur ad consummationem gloriae, non autem
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diff changeset
1869 secundum quod ordinabatur ad liberationem a peccato per passionem
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diff changeset
1870 et resurrectionem, quia homo non fuit praescius peccati futuri.
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diff changeset
1871 Videtur autem incarnationis Christi praescius fuisse per hoc quod
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diff changeset
1872 dixit, <i>propter hoc relinquet homo patrem et matrem et adhaerebit
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diff changeset
1873 uxori suae</i>, ut habetur Gen. II; et hoc apostolus, ad Ephes. V,
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diff changeset
1874 dicit <i>sacramentum magnum esse in Christo et Ecclesia</i>; quod
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diff changeset
1875 quidem sacramentum non est credibile primum hominem ignorasse. Post
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diff changeset
1876 peccatum autem fuit explicite creditum mysterium Christi non solum
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diff changeset
1877 quantum ad incarnationem, sed etiam quantum ad passionem et
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diff changeset
1878 resurrectionem, quibus humanum genus a peccato et morte liberatur.
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diff changeset
1879 Aliter enim non praefigurassent Christi passionem quibusdam
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diff changeset
1880 sacrificiis et ante legem et sub lege. Quorum quidem sacrificiorum
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diff changeset
1881 significatum explicite maiores cognoscebant, minores autem sub
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diff changeset
1882 velamine illorum sacrificiorum, credentes ea divinitus esse
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1883 disposita de Christo venturo, quodammodo habebant velatam
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1884 cognitionem. Et sicut supra dictum est, ea quae ad mysteria Christi
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1885 pertinent tanto distinctius cognoverunt quanto Christo
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diff changeset
1886 propinquiores fuerunt. Post tempus autem gratiae revelatae tam
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1887 maiores quam minores tenentur habere fidem explicitam de mysteriis
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1888 Christi; praecipue quantum ad ea quae communiter in Ecclesia
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diff changeset
1889 sollemnizantur et publice proponuntur, sicut sunt articuli
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diff changeset
1890 incarnationis, de quibus supra dictum est. Alias autem subtiles
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1891 considerationes circa incarnationis articulos tenentur aliqui magis
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1892 vel minus explicite credere secundum quod convenit statui et
53
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diff changeset
1893 officio uniuscuiusque.</p><p title="II-II q. 2 a. 7 ad 1"><a name="38894"><span class="ref">[38894] IIª-IIae q. 2 a. 7 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28
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diff changeset
1894 ergo dicendum quod <i>Angelos non omnino latuit mysterium regni
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diff changeset
1895 Dei</i>, sicut Augustinus dicit, V super Gen. ad Litt. Quasdam
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diff changeset
1896 tamen rationes huius mysterii perfectius cognoverunt Christo
53
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diff changeset
1897 revelante.</p><p title="II-II q. 2 a. 7 ad 2"><a name="38895"><span class="ref">[38895] IIª-IIae q. 2 a. 7 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
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diff changeset
1898 dicendum quod Ioannes Baptista non quaesivit de adventu Christi in
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diff changeset
1899 carnem quasi hoc ignoraret, cum ipse hoc expresse confessus fuerit,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1900 dicens, <i>ego vidi, et testimonium perhibui quia hic est filius
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diff changeset
1901 Dei</i>, ut habetur Ioan. I. Unde non dixit, tu es qui venisti?
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diff changeset
1902 Sed, <i>tu es qui venturus es?</i> Quaerens de futuro, non de
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diff changeset
1903 praeterito. Similiter non est credendum quod ignoraverit eum ad
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1904 passionem venturum, ipse enim dixerat, <i>ecce agnus Dei, qui
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diff changeset
1905 tollit peccata mundi</i>, praenuntians eius immolationem futuram;
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diff changeset
1906 et cum hoc prophetae alii ante praedixerint, sicut praecipue patet
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diff changeset
1907 in Isaiae LIII. Potest igitur dici, sicut Gregorius dicit, quod
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1908 inquisivit ignorans an ad Infernum esset in propria persona
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1909 descensurus. Sciebat autem quod virtus passionis eius extendenda
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1910 erat usque ad eos qui in Limbo detinebantur, secundum illud Zach.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1911 IX, <i>tu quoque in sanguine testamenti tui emisisti vinctos de
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diff changeset
1912 lacu in quo non est aqua</i>. Nec hoc tenebatur explicite credere,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1913 antequam esset impletum, quod per seipsum deberet descendere. Vel
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1914 potest dici, sicut Ambrosius dicit, super Luc., quod non quaesivit
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1915 ex dubitatione seu ignorantia, sed magis ex pietate. Vel potest
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1916 dici, sicut Chrysostomus dicit, quod non quaesivit quasi ipse
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1917 ignoraret, sed ut per Christum satisfieret eius discipulis. Unde et
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diff changeset
1918 Christus ad discipulorum instructionem respondit, signa operum
53
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diff changeset
1919 ostendens.</p><p title="II-II q. 2 a. 7 ad 3"><a name="38896"><span class="ref">[38896] IIª-IIae q. 2 a. 7 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
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diff changeset
1920 dicendum quod multis gentilium facta fuit revelatio de Christo, ut
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diff changeset
1921 patet per ea quae praedixerunt. Nam Iob XIX dicitur, <i>scio quod
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1922 redemptor meus vivit</i>. Sibylla etiam praenuntiavit quaedam de
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1923 Christo, ut Augustinus dicit. Invenitur etiam in historiis
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diff changeset
1924 Romanorum quod tempore Constantini Augusti et Irenae matris eius
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diff changeset
1925 inventum fuit quoddam sepulcrum in quo iacebat homo auream laminam
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diff changeset
1926 habens in pectore in qua scriptum erat, <i>Christus nascetur ex
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diff changeset
1927 virgine et credo in eum. O sol, sub Irenae et Constantini
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diff changeset
1928 temporibus iterum me videbis</i>. Si qui tamen salvati fuerunt
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diff changeset
1929 quibus revelatio non fuit facta, non fuerunt salvati absque fide
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diff changeset
1930 mediatoris. Quia etsi non habuerunt fidem explicitam, habuerunt
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diff changeset
1931 tamen fidem implicitam in divina providentia, credentes Deum esse
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diff changeset
1932 liberatorem hominum secundum modos sibi placitos et secundum quod
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1933 aliquibus veritatem cognoscentibus ipse revelasset, secundum illud
53
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1934 Iob XXXV, <i>qui docet nos super iumenta terrae</i>.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 8</h3><p title="II-II q. 2 a. 8 arg. 1"><a name="38897"><span class="ref">[38897] IIª-IIae q. 2 a. 8 arg. 1</span></a> Ad octavum
28
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diff changeset
1935 sic proceditur. Videtur quod credere Trinitatem explicite non
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diff changeset
1936 fuerit de necessitate salutis. Dicit enim apostolus, ad Heb. XI,
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diff changeset
1937 <i>credere oportet accedentem ad Deum quia est, et quia
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diff changeset
1938 inquirentibus se remunerator est</i>. Sed hoc potest credi absque
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diff changeset
1939 fide Trinitatis. Ergo non oportebat explicite fidem de Trinitate
53
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1940 habere.</p><p title="II-II q. 2 a. 8 arg. 2"><a name="38898"><span class="ref">[38898] IIª-IIae q. 2 a. 8 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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1941 dominus dicit, Ioan. XVII, <i>pater, manifestavi nomen tuum
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diff changeset
1942 hominibus</i>, quod exponens Augustinus dicit, <i>non illud nomen
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diff changeset
1943 tuum quo vocaris Deus, sed illud quo vocaris pater meus</i>. Et
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diff changeset
1944 postea subdit etiam, <i>in hoc quod Deus fecit hunc mundum, notus
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diff changeset
1945 in omnibus gentibus; in hoc quod non est cum diis falsis colendus,
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diff changeset
1946 notus in Iudaea Deus; in hoc vero quod pater est huius Christi per
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diff changeset
1947 quem tollit peccatum mundi, hoc nomen eius, prius occultum, nunc
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diff changeset
1948 manifestavit eis</i>. Ergo ante Christi adventum non erat cognitum
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diff changeset
1949 quod in deitate esset paternitas et filiatio. Non ergo Trinitas
53
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1950 explicite credebatur.</p><p title="II-II q. 2 a. 8 arg. 3"><a name="38899"><span class="ref">[38899] IIª-IIae q. 2 a. 8 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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diff changeset
1951 illud tenemur explicite credere in Deo quod est beatitudinis
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diff changeset
1952 obiectum. Sed obiectum beatitudinis est bonitas summa, quae potest
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1953 intelligi in Deo etiam sine personarum distinctione. Ergo non fuit
53
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1954 necessarium credere explicite Trinitatem.</p><p title="II-II q. 2 a. 8 s. c."><a name="38900"><span class="ref">[38900] IIª-IIae q. 2 a. 8 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28
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diff changeset
1955 est quod in veteri testamento multipliciter expressa est Trinitas
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diff changeset
1956 personarum, sicut statim in principio Gen. dicitur, ad expressionem
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diff changeset
1957 Trinitatis, <i>faciamus hominem ad imaginem et similitudinem
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diff changeset
1958 nostram</i>. Ergo a principio de necessitate salutis fuit credere
53
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diff changeset
1959 Trinitatem.</p><p title="II-II q. 2 a. 8 co."><a name="38901"><span class="ref">[38901] IIª-IIae q. 2 a. 8 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
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diff changeset
1960 dicendum quod mysterium Christi explicite credi non potest sine
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diff changeset
1961 fide Trinitatis, quia in mysterio Christi hoc continetur quod
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diff changeset
1962 filius Dei carnem assumpserit, quod per gratiam spiritus sancti
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diff changeset
1963 mundum renovaverit, et iterum quod de spiritu sancto conceptus
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1964 fuerit. Et ideo eo modo quo mysterium Christi ante Christum fuit
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diff changeset
1965 quidem explicite creditum a maioribus, implicite autem et quasi
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diff changeset
1966 obumbrate a minoribus, ita etiam et mysterium Trinitatis. Et ideo
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diff changeset
1967 etiam post tempus gratiae divulgatae tenentur omnes ad explicite
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diff changeset
1968 credendum mysterium Trinitatis. Et omnes qui renascuntur in Christo
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diff changeset
1969 hoc adipiscuntur per invocationem Trinitatis, secundum illud Matth.
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1970 ult., <i>euntes, docete omnes gentes, baptizantes eos in nomine
53
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1971 patris et filii et spiritus sancti</i>.</p><p title="II-II q. 2 a. 8 ad 1"><a name="38902"><span class="ref">[38902] IIª-IIae q. 2 a. 8 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28
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diff changeset
1972 ergo dicendum quod illa duo explicite credere de Deo omni tempore
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1973 et quoad omnes necessarium fuit. Non tamen est sufficiens omni
53
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diff changeset
1974 tempore et quoad omnes.</p><p title="II-II q. 2 a. 8 ad 2"><a name="38903"><span class="ref">[38903] IIª-IIae q. 2 a. 8 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
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diff changeset
1975 dicendum quod ante Christi adventum fides Trinitatis erat occulta
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diff changeset
1976 in fide maiorum. Sed per Christum manifestata est mundo per
53
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diff changeset
1977 apostolos.</p><p title="II-II q. 2 a. 8 ad 3"><a name="38904"><span class="ref">[38904] IIª-IIae q. 2 a. 8 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
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diff changeset
1978 dicendum quod summa bonitas Dei secundum modum quo nunc
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diff changeset
1979 intelligitur per effectus, potest intelligi absque Trinitate
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diff changeset
1980 personarum. Sed secundum quod intelligitur in seipso, prout videtur
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diff changeset
1981 a beatis, non potest intelligi sine Trinitate personarum. Et iterum
53
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diff changeset
1982 ipsa missio personarum divinarum perducit nos in beatitudinem.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 9</h3><p title="II-II q. 2 a. 9 arg. 1"><a name="38905"><span class="ref">[38905] IIª-IIae q. 2 a. 9 arg. 1</span></a> Ad nonum
28
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1983 sic proceditur. Videtur quod credere non sit meritorium. Principium
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diff changeset
1984 enim merendi est caritas, ut supra dictum est. Sed fides est
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diff changeset
1985 praeambula ad caritatem, sicut et natura. Ergo, sicut actus naturae
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diff changeset
1986 non est meritorius (quia naturalibus non meremur), ita etiam nec
53
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diff changeset
1987 actus fidei.</p><p title="II-II q. 2 a. 9 arg. 2"><a name="38906"><span class="ref">[38906] IIª-IIae q. 2 a. 9 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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diff changeset
1988 credere medium est inter opinari et scire vel considerare scita.
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diff changeset
1989 Sed consideratio scientiae non est meritoria; similiter autem nec
53
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diff changeset
1990 opinio. Ergo etiam neque credere est meritorium.</p><p title="II-II q. 2 a. 9 arg. 3"><a name="38907"><span class="ref">[38907] IIª-IIae q. 2 a. 9 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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diff changeset
1991 ille qui assentit alicui rei credendo aut habet causam sufficienter
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diff changeset
1992 inducentem ipsum ad credendum, aut non. Si habet sufficiens
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1993 inductivum ad credendum, non videtur hoc ei esse meritorium, quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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diff changeset
1994 non est ei iam liberum credere et non credere. Si autem non habet
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diff changeset
1995 sufficiens inductivum ad credendum, levitatis est credere, secundum
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diff changeset
1996 illud Eccli. XIX, <i>qui cito credit levis est corde</i>, et sic
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diff changeset
1997 non videtur esse meritorium. Ergo credere nullo modo est
53
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diff changeset
1998 meritorium.</p><p title="II-II q. 2 a. 9 s. c."><a name="38908"><span class="ref">[38908] IIª-IIae q. 2 a. 9 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28
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diff changeset
1999 est quod dicitur ad Heb. XI, quod <i>sancti per fidem adepti sunt
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diff changeset
2000 repromissiones</i>. Quod non esset nisi credendo mererentur. Ergo
53
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diff changeset
2001 ipsum credere est meritorium.</p><p title="II-II q. 2 a. 9 co."><a name="38909"><span class="ref">[38909] IIª-IIae q. 2 a. 9 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
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diff changeset
2002 dicendum quod, sicut supra dictum est, actus nostri sunt meritorii
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diff changeset
2003 inquantum procedunt ex libero arbitrio moto a Deo per gratiam. Unde
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2004 omnis actus humanus qui subiicitur libero arbitrio, si sit relatus
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diff changeset
2005 in Deum, potest meritorius esse. Ipsum autem credere est actus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2006 intellectus assentientis veritati divinae ex imperio voluntatis a
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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diff changeset
2007 Deo motae per gratiam, et sic subiacet libero arbitrio in ordine ad
53
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diff changeset
2008 Deum. Unde actus fidei potest esse meritorius.</p><p title="II-II q. 2 a. 9 ad 1"><a name="38910"><span class="ref">[38910] IIª-IIae q. 2 a. 9 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28
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diff changeset
2009 ergo dicendum quod natura comparatur ad caritatem, quae est merendi
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2010 principium, sicut materia ad formam. Fides autem comparatur ad
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2011 caritatem sicut dispositio praecedens ultimam formam. Manifestum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2012 est autem quod subiectum vel materia non potest agere in virtute
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2013 formae, neque etiam dispositio praecedens, antequam forma adveniat.
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diff changeset
2014 Sed postquam forma advenerit, tam subiectum quam dispositio
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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diff changeset
2015 praecedens agit in virtute formae, quae est principale agendi
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diff changeset
2016 principium, sicut calor ignis agit in virtute formae substantialis.
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diff changeset
2017 Sic ergo neque natura neque fides sine caritate possunt producere
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2018 actum meritorium, sed caritate superveniente, actus fidei fit
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diff changeset
2019 meritorius per caritatem, sicut et actus naturae et naturalis
53
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diff changeset
2020 liberi arbitrii.</p><p title="II-II q. 2 a. 9 ad 2"><a name="38911"><span class="ref">[38911] IIª-IIae q. 2 a. 9 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
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diff changeset
2021 dicendum quod in scientia duo possunt considerari, scilicet ipse
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2022 assensus scientis ad rem scitam, et consideratio rei scitae.
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diff changeset
2023 Assensus autem scientiae non subiicitur libero arbitrio, quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2024 sciens cogitur ad assentiendum per efficaciam demonstrationis. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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diff changeset
2025 ideo assensus scientiae non est meritorius. Sed consideratio
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2026 actualis rei scitae subiacet libero arbitrio, est enim in potestate
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2027 hominis considerare vel non considerare. Et ideo consideratio
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2028 scientiae potest esse meritoria, si referatur ad finem caritatis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2029 idest ad honorem Dei vel utilitatem proximi. Sed in fide utrumque
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2030 subiacet libero arbitrio. Et ideo quantum ad utrumque actus fidei
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2031 potest esse meritorius. Sed opinio non habet firmum assensum, est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2032 enim quoddam debile et infirmum, secundum philosophum, in I Poster.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2033 Unde non videtur procedere ex perfecta voluntate. Et sic ex parte
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2034 assensus non multum videtur habere rationem meriti. Sed ex parte
53
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diff changeset
2035 considerationis actualis potest meritoria esse.</p><p title="II-II q. 2 a. 9 ad 3"><a name="38912"><span class="ref">[38912] IIª-IIae q. 2 a. 9 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
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diff changeset
2036 dicendum quod ille qui credit habet sufficiens inductivum ad
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2037 credendum, inducitur enim auctoritate divinae doctrinae miraculis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2038 confirmatae, et, quod plus est, interiori instinctu Dei invitantis.
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diff changeset
2039 Unde non leviter credit. Tamen non habet sufficiens inductivum ad
53
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diff changeset
2040 sciendum. Et ideo non tollitur ratio meriti.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 10</h3><p title="II-II q. 2 a. 10 arg. 1"><a name="38913"><span class="ref">[38913] IIª-IIae q. 2 a. 10 arg. 1</span></a> Ad decimum
28
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diff changeset
2041 sic proceditur. Videtur quod ratio inducta ad ea quae sunt fidei
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2042 diminuat meritum fidei. Dicit enim Gregorius, in quadam homilia,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2043 quod <i>fides non habet meritum cui humana ratio praebet
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2044 experimentum</i>. Si ergo ratio humana sufficienter experimentum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2045 praebens totaliter excludit meritum fidei, videtur quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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diff changeset
2046 qualiscumque ratio humana inducta ad ea quae sunt fidei diminuat
53
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diff changeset
2047 meritum fidei.</p><p title="II-II q. 2 a. 10 arg. 2"><a name="38914"><span class="ref">[38914] IIª-IIae q. 2 a. 10 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2048 quidquid diminuit rationem virtutis diminuit rationem meriti, quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2049 felicitas virtutis est praemium ut etiam philosophus dicit, in I
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2050 Ethic. Sed ratio humana videtur diminuere rationem virtutis ipsius
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2051 fidei, quia de ratione fidei est quod sit non apparentium, ut supra
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2052 dictum est; quanto autem plures rationes inducuntur ad aliquid,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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diff changeset
2053 tanto minus est non apparens. Ergo ratio humana inducta ad ea quae
53
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diff changeset
2054 sunt fidei meritum fidei diminuit.</p><p title="II-II q. 2 a. 10 arg. 3"><a name="38915"><span class="ref">[38915] IIª-IIae q. 2 a. 10 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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diff changeset
2055 contrariorum contrariae sunt causae. Sed id quod inducitur in
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diff changeset
2056 contrarium fidei auget meritum fidei, sive sit persecutio cogentis
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2057 ad recedendum a fide, sive etiam sit ratio aliqua hoc persuadens.
53
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diff changeset
2058 Ergo ratio coadiuvans fidem diminuit meritum fidei.</p><p title="II-II q. 2 a. 10 s. c."><a name="38916"><span class="ref">[38916] IIª-IIae q. 2 a. 10 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28
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diff changeset
2059 est quod I Petri III dicitur, <i>parati semper ad satisfactionem
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2060 omni poscenti vos rationem de ea quae in vobis est fide et spe</i>.
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diff changeset
2061 Non autem ad hoc induceret apostolus si per hoc meritum fidei
53
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diff changeset
2062 diminueretur. Non ergo ratio diminuit meritum fidei.</p><p title="II-II q. 2 a. 10 co."><a name="38917"><span class="ref">[38917] IIª-IIae q. 2 a. 10 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2063 dicendum quod, sicut dictum est, actus fidei potest esse meritorius
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2064 inquantum subiacet voluntati non solum quantum ad usum, sed etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2065 quantum ad assensum. Ratio autem humana inducta ad ea quae sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2066 fidei dupliciter potest se habere ad voluntatem credentis. Uno
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diff changeset
2067 quidem modo, sicut praecedens, puta cum quis aut non haberet
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diff changeset
2068 voluntatem, aut non haberet promptam voluntatem ad credendum, nisi
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2069 ratio humana induceretur. Et sic ratio humana inducta diminuit
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2070 meritum fidei, sicut etiam supra dictum est quod passio praecedens
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2071 electionem in virtutibus moralibus diminuit laudem virtuosi actus.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2072 Sicut enim homo actus virtutum moralium debet exercere propter
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2073 iudicium rationis, non propter passionem; ita credere debet homo ea
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2074 quae sunt fidei non propter rationem humanam, sed propter
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2075 auctoritatem divinam. Alio modo ratio humana potest se habere ad
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2076 voluntatem credentis consequenter. Cum enim homo habet promptam
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2077 voluntatem ad credendum, diligit veritatem creditam, et super ea
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2078 excogitat et amplectitur si quas rationes ad hoc invenire potest.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2079 Et quantum ad hoc ratio humana non excludit meritum fidei, sed est
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2080 signum maioris meriti, sicut etiam passio consequens in virtutibus
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2081 moralibus est signum promptioris voluntatis, ut supra dictum est.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2082 Et hoc significatur Ioan. IV, ubi Samaritani ad mulierem, per quam
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2083 ratio humana figuratur, dixerunt, <i>iam non propter tuam loquelam
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
2084 credimus</i>.</p><p title="II-II q. 2 a. 10 ad 1"><a name="38918"><span class="ref">[38918] IIª-IIae q. 2 a. 10 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2085 ergo dicendum quod Gregorius loquitur in casu illo quando homo non
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2086 habet voluntatem credendi nisi propter rationem inductam. Quando
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2087 autem homo habet voluntatem credendi ea quae sunt fidei ex sola
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2088 auctoritate divina, etiam si habeat rationem demonstrativam ad
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2089 aliquid eorum, puta ad hoc quod est Deum esse, non propter hoc
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
2090 tollitur vel minuitur meritum fidei.</p><p title="II-II q. 2 a. 10 ad 2"><a name="38919"><span class="ref">[38919] IIª-IIae q. 2 a. 10 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2091 dicendum quod rationes quae inducuntur ad auctoritatem fidei non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2092 sunt demonstrationes quae in visionem intelligibilem intellectum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2093 humanum reducere possunt. Et ideo non desinunt esse non apparentia.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2094 Sed removent impedimenta fidei, ostendendo non esse impossibile
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2095 quod in fide proponitur. Unde per tales rationes non diminuitur
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2096 meritum fidei nec ratio fidei. Sed rationes demonstrativae inductae
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2097 ad ea quae sunt fidei, praeambula tamen ad articulos, etsi
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2098 diminuant rationem fidei, quia faciunt esse apparens id quod
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2099 proponitur; non tamen diminuunt rationem caritatis, per quam
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2100 voluntas est prompta ad ea credendum etiam si non apparerent. Et
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
2101 ideo non diminuitur ratio meriti.</p><p title="II-II q. 2 a. 10 ad 3"><a name="38920"><span class="ref">[38920] IIª-IIae q. 2 a. 10 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2102 dicendum quod ea quae repugnant fidei, sive in consideratione
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2103 hominis sive in exteriori persecutione, intantum augent meritum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2104 fidei inquantum ostenditur voluntas magis prompta et firma in fide.
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2105 Et ideo martyres maius fidei meritum habuerunt non recedentes a
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2106 fide propter persecutiones; et etiam sapientes maius meritum fidei
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2107 habent non recedentes a fide propter rationes philosophorum vel
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2108 haereticorum contra fidem inductas. Sed ea quae conveniunt fidei
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2109 non semper diminuunt promptitudinem voluntatis ad credendum. Et
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
2110 ideo non semper diminuunt meritum fidei.</p></div></div><div class="q" id="q3"><h2>Quaestio 3</h2><div class="p"><h3>Prooemium</h3><p title="II-II q. 3 pr."><a name="38921"><span class="ref">[38921]
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
2111 IIª-IIae q. 3 pr.</span></a> Deinde considerandum est de
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2112 exteriori fidei actu, qui est confessio. Et circa hoc quaeruntur
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2113 duo. Primo, utrum confessio sit actus fidei. Secundo, utrum
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
2114 confessio sit necessaria ad salutem.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 1</h3><p title="II-II q. 3 a. 1 arg. 1"><a name="38922"><span class="ref">[38922] IIª-IIae q. 3 a. 1 arg. 1</span></a> Ad primum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2115 sic proceditur. Videtur quod confessio non sit actus fidei. Non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2116 enim idem actus pertinet ad diversas virtutes. Sed confessio
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2117 pertinet ad poenitentiam, cuius ponitur pars. Ergo non est actus
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
2118 fidei.</p><p title="II-II q. 3 a. 1 arg. 2"><a name="38923"><span class="ref">[38923] IIª-IIae q. 3 a. 1 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2119 ab hoc quod homo confiteatur fidem retrahitur interdum per timorem,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2120 vel etiam propter aliquam confusionem, unde et apostolus, ad Ephes.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2121 ult., petit orari pro se ut detur sibi <i>cum fiducia notum facere
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2122 mysterium Evangelii</i>. Sed non recedere a bono propter
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2123 confusionem vel timorem pertinet ad fortitudinem, quae moderatur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2124 audacias et timores. Ergo videtur quod confessio non sit actus
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
2125 fidei, sed magis fortitudinis vel constantiae.</p><p title="II-II q. 3 a. 1 arg. 3"><a name="38924"><span class="ref">[38924] IIª-IIae q. 3 a. 1 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2126 sicut per fidei fervorem inducitur aliquis ad confitendum fidem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2127 exterius, ita etiam inducitur ad alia exteriora bona opera
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2128 facienda, dicitur enim Gal. V quod <i>fides per dilectionem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2129 operatur</i>. Sed alia exteriora opera non ponuntur actus fidei.
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2130 Ergo etiam neque confessio.</p><p title="II-II q. 3 a. 1 s. c."><a name="38925"><span class="ref">[38925] IIª-IIae q. 3 a. 1 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2131 est quod, II ad Thess. I, super illud, <i>et opus fidei in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2132 virtute</i>, dicit Glossa, <i>idest confessionem, quae proprie est
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2133 opus fidei</i>.</p><p title="II-II q. 3 a. 1 co."><a name="38926"><span class="ref">[38926] IIª-IIae q. 3 a. 1 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2134 dicendum quod actus exteriores illius virtutis proprie sunt actus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2135 ad cuius fines secundum suas species referuntur, sicut ieiunare
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2136 secundum suam speciem refertur ad finem abstinentiae, quae est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2137 compescere carnem, et ideo est actus abstinentiae. Confessio autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2138 eorum quae sunt fidei secundum suam speciem ordinatur sicut ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2139 finem ad id quod est fidei, secundum illud II ad Cor. IV,
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2140 <i>habentes eundem spiritum fidei credimus, propter quod et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2141 loquimur</i>, exterior enim locutio ordinatur ad significandum id
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2142 quod in corde concipitur. Unde sicut conceptus interior eorum quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2143 sunt fidei est proprie fidei actus, ita etiam et exterior
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2144 confessio.</p><p title="II-II q. 3 a. 1 ad 1"><a name="38927"><span class="ref">[38927] IIª-IIae q. 3 a. 1 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2145 ergo dicendum quod triplex est confessio quae in Scripturis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2146 laudatur. Una est confessio eorum quae sunt fidei. Et ista est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2147 proprius actus fidei, utpote relata ad fidei finem, sicut dictum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2148 est. Alia est confessio gratiarum actionis sive laudis. Et ista est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2149 actus latriae, ordinatur enim ad honorem Deo exterius exhibendum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2150 quod est finis latriae. Tertia est confessio peccatorum. Et haec
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2151 ordinatur ad deletionem peccati, quae est finis poenitentiae. Unde
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2152 pertinet ad poenitentiam.</p><p title="II-II q. 3 a. 1 ad 2"><a name="38928"><span class="ref">[38928] IIª-IIae q. 3 a. 1 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2153 dicendum quod removens prohibens non est causa per se, sed per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2154 accidens, ut patet per philosophum, in VIII Phys. Unde fortitudo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2155 quae removet impedimentum confessionis fidei, scilicet timorem vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2156 erubescentiam, non est proprie et per se causa confessionis, sed
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2157 quasi per accidens.</p><p title="II-II q. 3 a. 1 ad 3"><a name="38929"><span class="ref">[38929] IIª-IIae q. 3 a. 1 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2158 dicendum quod fides interior, mediante dilectione, causat omnes
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2159 exteriores actus virtutum mediantibus aliis virtutibus, imperando,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2160 non eliciendo. Sed confessionem producit tanquam proprium actum,
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2161 nulla alia virtute mediante.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 2</h3><p title="II-II q. 3 a. 2 arg. 1"><a name="38930"><span class="ref">[38930] IIª-IIae q. 3 a. 2 arg. 1</span></a> Ad secundum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2162 sic proceditur. Videtur quod confessio fidei non sit necessaria ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2163 salutem. Illud enim videtur ad salutem sufficere per quod homo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2164 attingit finem virtutis. Sed finis proprius fidei est coniunctio
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2165 humanae mentis ad veritatem divinam, quod potest etiam esse sine
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2166 exteriori confessione. Ergo confessio fidei non est necessaria ad
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2167 salutem.</p><p title="II-II q. 3 a. 2 arg. 2"><a name="38931"><span class="ref">[38931] IIª-IIae q. 3 a. 2 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2168 per exteriorem confessionem fidei homo fidem suam alii homini
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2169 patefacit. Sed hoc non est necessarium nisi illis qui habent alios
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2170 in fide instruere. Ergo videtur quod minores non teneantur ad fidei
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2171 confessionem.</p><p title="II-II q. 3 a. 2 arg. 3"><a name="38932"><span class="ref">[38932] IIª-IIae q. 3 a. 2 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2172 illud quod potest vergere in scandalum et turbationem aliorum non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2173 est necessarium ad salutem, dicit enim apostolus, I ad Cor. X,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2174 <i>sine offensione estote Iudaeis et gentibus et Ecclesiae Dei</i>.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2175 Sed per confessionem fidei quandoque ad perturbationem infideles
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2176 provocantur. Ergo confessio fidei non est necessaria ad
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2177 salutem.</p><p title="II-II q. 3 a. 2 s. c."><a name="38933"><span class="ref">[38933] IIª-IIae q. 3 a. 2 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2178 est quod apostolus dicit, ad Rom. X, <i>corde creditur ad
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2179 iustitiam, ore autem confessio fit ad salutem</i>.</p><p title="II-II q. 3 a. 2 co."><a name="38934"><span class="ref">[38934] IIª-IIae q. 3 a. 2 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2180 dicendum quod ea quae sunt necessaria ad salutem cadunt sub
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2181 praeceptis divinae legis. Confessio autem fidei, cum sit quoddam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2182 affirmativum, non potest cadere nisi sub praecepto affirmativo.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2183 Unde eo modo est de necessariis ad salutem quo modo potest cadere
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2184 sub praecepto affirmativo divinae legis. Praecepta autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2185 affirmativa, ut supra dictum est, non obligant ad semper, etsi
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2186 semper obligent, obligant autem pro loco et tempore et secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2187 alias circumstantias debitas secundum quas oportet actum humanum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2188 limitari ad hoc quod sit actus virtutis. Sic igitur confiteri fidem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2189 non semper neque in quolibet loco est de necessitate salutis, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2190 aliquo loco et tempore, quando scilicet per omissionem huius
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2191 confessionis subtraheretur honor debitus Deo, vel etiam utilitas
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2192 proximis impendenda; puta si aliquis interrogatus de fide taceret,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2193 et ex hoc crederetur vel quod non haberet fidem vel quod fides non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2194 esset vera, vel alii per eius taciturnitatem averterentur a fide.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2195 In huiusmodi enim casibus confessio fidei est de necessitate
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2196 salutis.</p><p title="II-II q. 3 a. 2 ad 1"><a name="38935"><span class="ref">[38935] IIª-IIae q. 3 a. 2 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2197 ergo dicendum quod finis fidei, sicut et aliarum virtutum, referri
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2198 debet ad finem caritatis, qui est amor Dei et proximi. Et ideo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2199 quando honor Dei vel utilitas proximi hoc exposcit, non debet esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2200 contentus homo ut per fidem suam ipse veritati divinae coniungatur;
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2201 sed debet fidem exterius confiteri.</p><p title="II-II q. 3 a. 2 ad 2"><a name="38936"><span class="ref">[38936] IIª-IIae q. 3 a. 2 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2202 dicendum quod in casu necessitatis, ubi fides periclitatur,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2203 quilibet tenetur fidem suam aliis propalare, vel ad instructionem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2204 aliorum fidelium sive confirmationem, vel ad reprimendum infidelium
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2205 insultationem. Sed aliis temporibus instruere homines de fide non
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2206 pertinet ad omnes fideles.</p><p title="II-II q. 3 a. 2 ad 3"><a name="38937"><span class="ref">[38937] IIª-IIae q. 3 a. 2 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2207 dicendum quod, si turbatio infidelium oriatur de confessione fidei
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2208 manifesta absque aliqua utilitate fidei vel fidelium, non est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2209 laudabile in tali casu fidem publice confiteri, unde dominus dicit,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2210 Matth. VII, <i>nolite sanctum dare canibus, neque margaritas
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2211 vestras spargere ante porcos, ne conversi dirumpant vos</i>. Sed si
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2212 utilitas aliqua fidei speretur aut necessitas adsit, contempta
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2213 turbatione infidelium, debet homo fidem publice confiteri. Unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2214 Matth. XV dicitur quod, cum discipuli dixissent domino quod
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2215 Pharisaei, audito eius verbo, scandalizati sunt, dominus respondit,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2216 sinite illos, scilicet turbari, <i>caeci sunt et duces
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
2217 caecorum</i>.</p></div></div><div class="q" id="q4"><h2>Quaestio 4</h2><div class="p"><h3>Prooemium</h3><p title="II-II q. 4 pr."><a name="38938"><span class="ref">[38938]
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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diff changeset
2218 IIª-IIae q. 4 pr.</span></a> Deinde considerandum est de ipsa
28
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diff changeset
2219 fidei virtute. Et primo quidem, de ipsa fide; secundo, de
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2220 habentibus fidem; tertio, de causa fidei; quarto, de effectibus
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2221 eius. Circa primum quaeruntur octo. Primo, quid sit fides. Secundo,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2222 in qua vi animae sit sicut in subiecto. Tertio, utrum forma eius
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2223 sit caritas. Quarto, utrum eadem numero sit fides formata et
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2224 informis. Quinto, utrum fides sit virtus. Sexto, utrum sit una
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2225 virtus. Septimo, de ordine eius ad alias virtutes. Octavo, de
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2226 comparatione certitudinis eius ad certitudinem virtutum
53
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diff changeset
2227 intellectualium.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 1</h3><p title="II-II q. 4 a. 1 arg. 1"><a name="38939"><span class="ref">[38939] IIª-IIae q. 4 a. 1 arg. 1</span></a> Ad primum
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2228 sic proceditur. Videtur quod sit incompetens fidei definitio quam
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2229 apostolus ponit, ad Heb. XI, dicens, <i>est autem fides substantia
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2230 sperandarum rerum, argumentum non apparentium</i>. Nulla enim
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2231 qualitas est substantia. Sed fides est qualitas, cum sit virtus
53
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diff changeset
2232 theologica, ut supra dictum est. Ergo non est substantia.</p><p title="II-II q. 4 a. 1 arg. 2"><a name="38940"><span class="ref">[38940] IIª-IIae q. 4 a. 1 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2233 diversarum virtutum diversa sunt obiecta. Sed res speranda est
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2234 obiectum spei. Non ergo debet poni in definitione fidei tanquam
53
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diff changeset
2235 eius obiectum.</p><p title="II-II q. 4 a. 1 arg. 3"><a name="38941"><span class="ref">[38941] IIª-IIae q. 4 a. 1 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2236 fides magis perficitur per caritatem quam per spem, quia caritas
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2237 est forma fidei, ut infra dicetur. Magis ergo poni debuit in
53
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diff changeset
2238 definitione fidei res diligenda quam res speranda.</p><p title="II-II q. 4 a. 1 arg. 4"><a name="38942"><span class="ref">[38942] IIª-IIae q. 4 a. 1 arg. 4</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2239 idem non debet poni in diversis generibus. Sed substantia et
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2240 argumentum sunt diversa genera non subalternatim posita. Ergo
53
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diff changeset
2241 inconvenienter fides dicitur esse substantia et argumentum.</p><p title="II-II q. 4 a. 1 arg. 5"><a name="38943"><span class="ref">[38943] IIª-IIae q. 4 a. 1 arg. 5</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2242 per argumentum veritas manifestatur eius ad quod inducitur
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2243 argumentum. Sed illud dicitur esse apparens cuius veritas est
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2244 manifestata. Ergo videtur implicari oppositio in hoc quod dicitur
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2245 argumentum non apparentium. Inconvenienter ergo describitur
53
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diff changeset
2246 fides.</p><p title="II-II q. 4 a. 1 s. c."><a name="38944"><span class="ref">[38944] IIª-IIae q. 4 a. 1 s. c.</span></a> In
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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diff changeset
2247 contrarium sufficit auctoritas apostoli.</p><p title="II-II q. 4 a. 1 co."><a name="38945"><span class="ref">[38945] IIª-IIae q. 4 a. 1 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2248 dicendum quod, licet quidam dicant praedicta apostoli verba non
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diff changeset
2249 esse fidei definitionem, tamen, si quis recte consideret, omnia ex
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2250 quibus fides potest definiri in praedicta descriptione tanguntur,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2251 licet verba non ordinentur sub forma definitionis, sicut etiam apud
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2252 philosophos praetermissa syllogistica forma syllogismorum principia
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2253 tanguntur. Ad cuius evidentiam considerandum est quod, cum habitus
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2254 cognoscantur per actus et actus per obiecta, fides, cum sit habitus
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2255 quidam, debet definiri per proprium actum in comparatione ad
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2256 proprium obiectum. Actus autem fidei est credere, qui, sicut supra
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2257 dictum est, actus est intellectus determinati ad unum ex imperio
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2258 voluntatis. Sic ergo actus fidei habet ordinem et ad obiectum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2259 voluntatis, quod est bonum et finis; et ad obiectum intellectus,
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diff changeset
2260 quod est verum. Et quia fides, cum sit virtus theologica, sicut
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2261 supra dictum est, habet idem pro obiecto et fine, necesse est quod
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2262 obiectum fidei et finis proportionaliter sibi correspondeant.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2263 Dictum est autem supra quod veritas prima est obiectum fidei
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2264 secundum quod ipsa est non visa et ea quibus propter ipsam
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2265 inhaeretur. Et secundum hoc oportet quod ipsa veritas prima se
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2266 habeat ad actum fidei per modum finis secundum rationem rei non
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2267 visae. Quod pertinet ad rationem rei speratae, secundum illud
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2268 apostoli, ad Rom. VIII, <i>quod non videmus speramus</i>, veritatem
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2269 enim videre est ipsam habere; non autem sperat aliquis id quod iam
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2270 habet, sed spes est de hoc quod non habetur, ut supra dictum est.
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diff changeset
2271 Sic igitur habitudo actus fidei ad finem, qui est obiectum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2272 voluntatis, significatur in hoc quod dicitur, <i>fides est
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2273 substantia rerum sperandarum</i>. Substantia enim solet dici prima
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2274 inchoatio cuiuscumque rei, et maxime quando tota res sequens
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2275 continetur virtute in primo principio, puta si dicamus quod prima
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2276 principia indemonstrabilia sunt substantia scientiae, quia scilicet
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2277 primum quod in nobis est de scientia sunt huiusmodi principia, et
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2278 in eis virtute continetur tota scientia. Per hunc ergo modum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2279 dicitur fides esse substantia rerum sperandarum, quia scilicet
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2280 prima inchoatio rerum sperandarum in nobis est per assensum fidei,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2281 quae virtute continet omnes res sperandas. In hoc enim speramus
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2282 beatificari quod videbimus aperta visione veritatem cui per fidem
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2283 adhaeremus, ut patet per ea quae supra de felicitate dicta sunt.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2284 Habitudo autem actus fidei ad obiectum intellectus, secundum quod
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2285 est obiectum fidei, designatur in hoc quod dicitur, argumentum non
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2286 apparentium. Et sumitur argumentum pro argumenti effectu, per
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2287 argumentum enim intellectus inducitur ad adhaerendum alicui vero;
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2288 unde ipsa firma adhaesio intellectus ad veritatem fidei non
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2289 apparentem vocatur hic argumentum. Unde alia littera habet
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2290 convictio, quia scilicet per auctoritatem divinam intellectus
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2291 credentis convincitur ad assentiendum his quae non videt. Si quis
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2292 ergo in formam definitionis huiusmodi verba reducere velit, potest
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2293 dicere quod fides est habitus mentis, qua inchoatur vita aeterna in
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2294 nobis, faciens intellectum assentire non apparentibus. Per hoc
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2295 autem fides ab omnibus aliis distinguitur quae ad intellectum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2296 pertinent. Per hoc enim quod dicitur argumentum, distinguitur fides
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2297 ab opinione, suspicione et dubitatione, per quae non est prima
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2298 adhaesio intellectus firma ad aliquid. Per hoc autem quod dicitur
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2299 non apparentium, distinguitur fides a scientia et intellectu, per
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2300 quae aliquid fit apparens. Per hoc autem quod dicitur substantia
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2301 sperandarum rerum, distinguitur virtus fidei a fide communiter
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2302 sumpta, quae non ordinatur ad beatitudinem speratam. Omnes autem
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2303 aliae definitiones quaecumque de fide dantur, explicationes sunt
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2304 huius quam apostolus ponit. Quod enim dicit Augustinus, <i>fides
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2305 est virtus qua creduntur quae non videntur</i>; et quod dicit
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2306 Damascenus, quod <i>fides est non inquisitus consensus</i>; et quod
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2307 alii dicunt, quod <i>fides est certitudo quaedam animi de
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2308 absentibus supra opinionem et infra scientiam</i>; idem est ei quod
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2309 apostolus dicit, argumentum non apparentium. Quod vero Dionysius
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2310 dicit, VII cap. de Div. Nom., quod <i>fides est manens credentium
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2311 fundamentum, collocans eos in veritate et in ipsis veritatem</i>,
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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diff changeset
2312 idem est ei quod dicitur, substantia sperandarum rerum.</p><p title="II-II q. 4 a. 1 ad 1"><a name="38946"><span class="ref">[38946] IIª-IIae q. 4 a. 1 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2313 ergo dicendum quod substantia non sumitur hic secundum quod est
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2314 genus generalissimum contra alia genera divisum, sed secundum quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2315 in quolibet genere invenitur quaedam similitudo substantiae, prout
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2316 scilicet primum in quolibet genere, continens in se alia virtute,
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2317 dicitur esse substantia illorum.</p><p title="II-II q. 4 a. 1 ad 2"><a name="38947"><span class="ref">[38947] IIª-IIae q. 4 a. 1 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2318 dicendum quod, cum fides pertineat ad intellectum secundum quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2319 imperatur a voluntate, oportet quod ordinetur, sicut ad finem, ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2320 obiecta illarum virtutum quibus perficitur voluntas. Inter quas est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2321 spes, ut infra patebit. Et ideo in definitione fidei ponitur
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
2322 obiectum spei.</p><p title="II-II q. 4 a. 1 ad 3"><a name="38948"><span class="ref">[38948] IIª-IIae q. 4 a. 1 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2323 dicendum quod dilectio potest esse et visorum et non visorum, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2324 praesentium et absentium. Et ideo res diligenda non ita proprie
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2325 adaptatur fidei sicut res speranda, cum spes sit semper absentium
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2326 et non visorum.</p><p title="II-II q. 4 a. 1 ad 4"><a name="38949"><span class="ref">[38949] IIª-IIae q. 4 a. 1 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2327 dicendum quod substantia et argumentum, secundum quod in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2328 definitione fidei ponuntur, non important diversa genera fidei
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2329 neque diversos actus, sed diversas habitudines unius actus ad
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2330 diversa obiecta, ut ex dictis patet.</p><p title="II-II q. 4 a. 1 ad 5"><a name="38950"><span class="ref">[38950] IIª-IIae q. 4 a. 1 ad 5</span></a> Ad quintum
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2331 dicendum quod argumentum quod sumitur ex propriis principiis rei
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2332 facit rem esse apparentem. Sed argumentum quod sumitur ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2333 auctoritate divina non facit rem in se esse apparentem. Et tale
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
2334 argumentum ponitur in definitione fidei.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 2</h3><p title="II-II q. 4 a. 2 arg. 1"><a name="38951"><span class="ref">[38951] IIª-IIae q. 4 a. 2 arg. 1</span></a> Ad secundum
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2335 sic proceditur. Videtur quod fides non sit in intellectu sicut in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2336 subiecto. Dicit enim Augustinus, in libro de Praed. Sanct., quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2337 <i>fides in credentium voluntate consistit</i>. Sed voluntas est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2338 alia potentia ab intellectu. Ergo fides non est in intellectu sicut
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2339 in subiecto.</p><p title="II-II q. 4 a. 2 arg. 2"><a name="38952"><span class="ref">[38952] IIª-IIae q. 4 a. 2 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2340 assensus fidei ad aliquid credendum provenit ex voluntate Deo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2341 obediente. Tota ergo laus fidei ex obedientia esse videtur. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2342 obedientia est in voluntate. Ergo et fides. Non ergo est in
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
2343 intellectu.</p><p title="II-II q. 4 a. 2 arg. 3"><a name="38953"><span class="ref">[38953] IIª-IIae q. 4 a. 2 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2344 intellectus est vel speculativus vel practicus. Sed fides non est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2345 in intellectu speculativo, qui, cum nihil dicat de imitabili et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2346 fugiendo, ut dicitur in III de anima, non est principium
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2347 operationis, fides autem est quae per dilectionem operatur, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2348 dicitur ad Gal. V. Similiter etiam nec in intellectu practico,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2349 cuius obiectum est verum contingens factibile vel agibile, obiectum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2350 enim fidei est verum aeternum, ut ex supradictis patet. Non ergo
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
2351 fides est in intellectu sicut in subiecto.</p><p title="II-II q. 4 a. 2 s. c."><a name="38954"><span class="ref">[38954] IIª-IIae q. 4 a. 2 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2352 est quod fidei succedit visio patriae, secundum illud I ad Cor.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2353 XIII, <i>videmus nunc per speculum in aenigmate, tunc autem facie
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
2354 ad faciem</i>. Sed visio est in intellectu. Ergo et fides.</p><p title="II-II q. 4 a. 2 co."><a name="38955"><span class="ref">[38955] IIª-IIae q. 4 a. 2 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2355 dicendum quod, cum fides sit quaedam virtus, oportet quod actus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2356 eius sit perfectus. Ad perfectionem autem actus qui ex duobus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2357 activis principiis procedit requiritur quod utrumque activorum
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2358 principiorum sit perfectum, non enim potest bene secari nisi et
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2359 secans habeat artem et serra sit bene disposita ad secandum.
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2360 Dispositio autem ad bene agendum in illis potentiis animae quae se
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2361 habent ad opposita est habitus, ut supra dictum est. Et ideo
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2362 oportet quod actus procedens ex duabus talibus potentiis sit
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2363 perfectus habitu aliquo praeexistente in utraque potentiarum.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2364 Dictum est autem supra quod credere est actus intellectus secundum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2365 quod movetur a voluntate ad assentiendum, procedit enim huiusmodi
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2366 actus et a voluntate et ab intellectu. Quorum uterque natus est per
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2367 habitum perfici, secundum praedicta. Et ideo oportet quod tam in
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2368 voluntate sit aliquis habitus quam in intellectu, si debeat actus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2369 fidei esse perfectus, sicut etiam ad hoc quod actus concupiscibilis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2370 sit perfectus, oportet quod sit habitus prudentiae in ratione et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2371 habitus temperantiae in concupiscibili. Credere autem est immediate
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2372 actus intellectus, quia obiectum huius actus est verum, quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2373 proprie pertinet ad intellectum. Et ideo necesse est quod fides,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2374 quae est proprium principium huius actus, sit in intellectu sicut
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2375 in subiecto.</p><p title="II-II q. 4 a. 2 ad 1"><a name="38956"><span class="ref">[38956] IIª-IIae q. 4 a. 2 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2376 ergo dicendum quod Augustinus fidem accipit pro actu fidei, qui
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2377 dicitur consistere in credentium voluntate inquantum ex imperio
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2378 voluntatis intellectus credibilibus assentit.</p><p title="II-II q. 4 a. 2 ad 2"><a name="38957"><span class="ref">[38957] IIª-IIae q. 4 a. 2 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2379 dicendum quod non solum oportet voluntatem esse promptam ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2380 obediendum, sed etiam intellectum esse bene dispositum ad sequendum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2381 imperium voluntatis, sicut oportet concupiscibilem esse bene
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2382 dispositam ad sequendum imperium rationis. Et ideo non solum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2383 oportet esse habitum virtutis in voluntate imperante, sed etiam in
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2384 intellectu assentiente.</p><p title="II-II q. 4 a. 2 ad 3"><a name="38958"><span class="ref">[38958] IIª-IIae q. 4 a. 2 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2385 dicendum quod fides est in intellectu speculativo sicut in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2386 subiecto, ut manifeste patet ex fidei obiecto. Sed quia veritas
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2387 prima, quae est fidei obiectum, est finis omnium desideriorum et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2388 actionum nostrarum, ut patet per Augustinum, in I de Trin.; inde
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2389 est quod per dilectionem operatur. Sicut etiam intellectus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2390 speculativus extensione fit practicus, ut dicitur in III de
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2391 anima.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 3</h3><p title="II-II q. 4 a. 3 arg. 1"><a name="38959"><span class="ref">[38959] IIª-IIae q. 4 a. 3 arg. 1</span></a> Ad tertium
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2392 sic proceditur. Videtur quod caritas non sit forma fidei.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2393 Unumquodque enim sortitur speciem per suam formam. Eorum ergo quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2394 ex opposito dividuntur sicut diversae species unius generis, unum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2395 non potest esse forma alterius. Sed fides et caritas dividuntur ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2396 opposito, I ad Cor. XIII, sicut diversae species virtutis. Ergo
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2397 caritas non potest esse forma fidei.</p><p title="II-II q. 4 a. 3 arg. 2"><a name="38960"><span class="ref">[38960] IIª-IIae q. 4 a. 3 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2398 forma et id cuius est forma sunt in eodem, quia ex eis fit unum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2399 simpliciter. Sed fides est in intellectu, caritas autem in
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2400 voluntate. Ergo caritas non est forma fidei.</p><p title="II-II q. 4 a. 3 arg. 3"><a name="38961"><span class="ref">[38961] IIª-IIae q. 4 a. 3 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2401 forma est principium rei. Sed principium credendi ex parte
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2402 voluntatis magis videtur esse obedientia quam caritas, secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2403 illud ad Rom. I, <i>ad obediendum fidei in omnibus gentibus</i>.
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2404 Ergo obedientia magis est forma fidei quam caritas.</p><p title="II-II q. 4 a. 3 s. c."><a name="38962"><span class="ref">[38962] IIª-IIae q. 4 a. 3 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2405 est quod unumquodque operatur per suam formam. Fides autem per
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2406 dilectionem operatur. Ergo dilectio caritatis est forma fidei.</p><p title="II-II q. 4 a. 3 co."><a name="38963"><span class="ref">[38963] IIª-IIae q. 4 a. 3 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2407 dicendum quod, sicut ex superioribus patet, actus voluntarii
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2408 speciem recipiunt a fine, qui est voluntatis obiectum. Id autem a
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2409 quo aliquid speciem sortitur se habet ad modum formae in rebus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2410 naturalibus. Et ideo cuiuslibet actus voluntarii forma quodammodo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2411 est finis ad quem ordinatur, tum quia ex ipso recipit speciem; tum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2412 etiam quia modus actionis oportet quod respondeat proportionaliter
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2413 fini. Manifestum est autem ex praedictis quod actus fidei ordinatur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2414 ad obiectum voluntatis, quod est bonum, sicut ad finem. Hoc autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2415 bonum quod est finis fidei, scilicet bonum divinum, est proprium
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2416 obiectum caritatis. Et ideo caritas dicitur forma fidei, inquantum
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2417 per caritatem actus fidei perficitur et formatur.</p><p title="II-II q. 4 a. 3 ad 1"><a name="38964"><span class="ref">[38964] IIª-IIae q. 4 a. 3 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2418 ergo dicendum quod caritas dicitur esse forma fidei inquantum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2419 informat actum ipsius. Nihil autem prohibet unum actum a diversis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2420 habitibus informari, et secundum hoc ad diversas species reduci
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2421 ordine quodam, ut supra dictum est, cum de actibus humanis in
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2422 communi ageretur.</p><p title="II-II q. 4 a. 3 ad 2"><a name="38965"><span class="ref">[38965] IIª-IIae q. 4 a. 3 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2423 dicendum quod obiectio illa procedit de forma intrinseca. Sic autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2424 caritas non est forma fidei, sed prout informat actum eius, ut
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2425 supra dictum est.</p><p title="II-II q. 4 a. 3 ad 3"><a name="38966"><span class="ref">[38966] IIª-IIae q. 4 a. 3 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2426 dicendum quod etiam ipsa obedientia, et similiter spes et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2427 quaecumque alia virtus posset praecedere actum fidei, formatur a
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2428 caritate, sicut infra patebit. Et ideo ipsa caritas ponitur forma
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2429 fidei.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 4</h3><p title="II-II q. 4 a. 4 arg. 1"><a name="38967"><span class="ref">[38967] IIª-IIae q. 4 a. 4 arg. 1</span></a> Ad quartum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2430 sic proceditur. Videtur quod fides informis non fiat formata, nec e
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2431 converso. Quia ut dicitur I ad Cor. XIII, <i>cum venerit quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2432 perfectum est, evacuabitur quod ex parte est</i>. Sed fides
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2433 informis est imperfecta respectu formatae. Ergo, adveniente fide
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2434 formata, fides informis excluditur, ut non sit unus habitus
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2435 numero.</p><p title="II-II q. 4 a. 4 arg. 2"><a name="38968"><span class="ref">[38968] IIª-IIae q. 4 a. 4 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2436 illud quod est mortuum non fit vivum. Sed fides informis est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2437 mortua, secundum illud Iac. II, <i>fides sine operibus mortua
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2438 est</i>. Ergo fides informis non potest fieri formata.</p><p title="II-II q. 4 a. 4 arg. 3"><a name="38969"><span class="ref">[38969] IIª-IIae q. 4 a. 4 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2439 gratia Dei adveniens non habet minorem effectum in homine fideli
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2440 quam in infideli. Sed adveniens homini infideli causat in eo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2441 habitum fidei. Ergo etiam adveniens fideli qui habebat prius
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2442 habitum fidei informis causat in eo alium habitum fidei.</p><p title="II-II q. 4 a. 4 arg. 4"><a name="38970"><span class="ref">[38970] IIª-IIae q. 4 a. 4 arg. 4</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2443 sicut Boetius dicit, accidentia alterari non possunt. Sed fides est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2444 quoddam accidens. Ergo non potest eadem fides quandoque esse
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2445 formata et quandoque informis.</p><p title="II-II q. 4 a. 4 s. c."><a name="38971"><span class="ref">[38971] IIª-IIae q. 4 a. 4 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2446 est quod Iac. II, super illud, <i>fides sine operibus mortua
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2447 est</i>, dicit Glossa, quibus reviviscit. Ergo fides quae erat
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2448 prius mortua et informis fit formata et vivens.</p><p title="II-II q. 4 a. 4 co."><a name="38972"><span class="ref">[38972] IIª-IIae q. 4 a. 4 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2449 dicendum quod circa hoc fuerunt diversae opiniones. Quidam enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2450 dixerunt quod alius est habitus fidei formatae et informis, sed,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2451 adveniente fide formata, tollitur fides informis. Et similiter,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2452 homine post fidem formatam peccante mortaliter, succedit alius
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2453 habitus fidei informis a Deo infusus. Sed hoc non videtur esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2454 conveniens quod gratia adveniens homini aliquod Dei donum excludat,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2455 neque etiam quod aliquod Dei donum homini infundatur propter
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2456 peccatum mortale. Et ideo alii dixerunt quod sunt quidem diversi
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2457 habitus fidei formatae et informis, sed tamen, adveniente fide
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2458 formata, non tollitur habitus fidei informis, sed simul manet in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2459 eodem cum habitu fidei formatae. Sed hoc etiam videtur inconveniens
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2460 quod habitus fidei informis in habente fidem formatam remaneat
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2461 otiosus. Et ideo aliter dicendum quod idem est habitus fidei
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2462 formatae et informis. Cuius ratio est quia habitus diversificatur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2463 secundum illud quod per se ad habitum pertinet. Cum autem fides sit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2464 perfectio intellectus, illud per se ad fidem pertinet quod pertinet
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2465 ad intellectum, quod autem pertinet ad voluntatem non per se
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2466 pertinet ad fidem, ita quod per hoc diversificari possit habitus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2467 fidei. Distinctio autem fidei formatae et informis est secundum id
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2468 quod pertinet ad voluntatem, idest secundum caritatem, non autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2469 secundum illud quod pertinet ad intellectum. Unde fides formata et
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2470 informis non sunt diversi habitus.</p><p title="II-II q. 4 a. 4 ad 1"><a name="38973"><span class="ref">[38973] IIª-IIae q. 4 a. 4 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2471 ergo dicendum quod verbum apostoli est intelligendum quando
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2472 imperfectio est de ratione imperfecti. Tunc enim oportet quod,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2473 adveniente perfecto, imperfectum excludatur, sicut, adveniente
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2474 aperta visione, excluditur fides, de cuius ratione est ut sit non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2475 apparentium. Sed quando imperfectio non est de ratione rei
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2476 imperfectae, tunc illud numero idem quod erat imperfectum fit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2477 perfectum, sicut pueritia non est de ratione hominis, et ideo idem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2478 numero qui erat puer fit vir. Informitas autem fidei non est de
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2479 ratione fidei, sed per accidens se habet ad ipsam, ut dictum est.
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2480 Unde ipsamet fides informis fit formata.</p><p title="II-II q. 4 a. 4 ad 2"><a name="38974"><span class="ref">[38974] IIª-IIae q. 4 a. 4 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2481 dicendum quod illud quod facit vitam animalis est de ratione
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2482 ipsius, quia est forma essentialis eius, scilicet anima. Et ideo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2483 mortuum vivum fieri non potest, sed aliud specie est quod est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2484 mortuum et quod est vivum. Sed id quod facit fidem esse formatam
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2485 vel vivam non est de essentia fidei. Et ideo non est simile.</p><p title="II-II q. 4 a. 4 ad 3"><a name="38975"><span class="ref">[38975] IIª-IIae q. 4 a. 4 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2486 dicendum quod gratia facit fidem non solum quando fides de novo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2487 incipit esse in homine, sed etiam quandiu fides durat, dictum est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2488 enim supra quod Deus semper operatur iustificationem hominis, sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2489 sol semper operatur illuminationem aeris. Unde gratia non minus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2490 facit adveniens fideli quam adveniens infideli, quia in utroque
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2491 operatur fidem, in uno quidem confirmando eam et perficiendo, in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2492 alio de novo creando. Vel potest dici quod hoc est per accidens,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2493 scilicet propter dispositionem subiecti, quod gratia non causat
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2494 fidem in eo qui habet. Sicut e contrario secundum peccatum mortale
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2495 non tollit gratiam ab eo qui eam amisit per peccatum mortale
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2496 praecedens.</p><p title="II-II q. 4 a. 4 ad 4"><a name="38976"><span class="ref">[38976] IIª-IIae q. 4 a. 4 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2497 dicendum quod per hoc quod fides formata fit informis non mutatur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2498 ipsa fides, sed mutatur subiectum fidei, quod est anima, quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2499 quandoque quidem habet fidem sine caritate, quandoque autem cum
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2500 caritate.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 5</h3><p title="II-II q. 4 a. 5 arg. 1"><a name="38977"><span class="ref">[38977] IIª-IIae q. 4 a. 5 arg. 1</span></a> Ad quintum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2501 sic proceditur. Videtur quod fides non sit virtus. Virtus enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2502 ordinatur ad bonum, nam virtus est quae bonum facit habentem, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2503 dicit philosophus, in II Ethic. Sed fides ordinatur ad verum. Ergo
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2504 fides non est virtus.</p><p title="II-II q. 4 a. 5 arg. 2"><a name="38978"><span class="ref">[38978] IIª-IIae q. 4 a. 5 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2505 perfectior est virtus infusa quam acquisita. Sed fides, propter sui
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2506 imperfectionem, non ponitur inter virtutes intellectuales
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2507 acquisitas, ut patet per philosophum, in VI Ethic. Ergo multo minus
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2508 potest poni virtus infusa.</p><p title="II-II q. 4 a. 5 arg. 3"><a name="38979"><span class="ref">[38979] IIª-IIae q. 4 a. 5 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2509 fides formata et informis sunt eiusdem speciei, ut dictum est. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2510 fides informis non est virtus, quia non habet connexionem cum aliis
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2511 virtutibus. Ergo nec fides formata est virtus.</p><p title="II-II q. 4 a. 5 arg. 4"><a name="38980"><span class="ref">[38980] IIª-IIae q. 4 a. 5 arg. 4</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2512 gratiae gratis datae et fructus distinguuntur a virtutibus. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2513 fides enumeratur inter gratias gratis datas, I ad Cor. XII, et
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2514 similiter inter fructus, ad Gal. V. Ergo fides non est virtus.</p><p title="II-II q. 4 a. 5 s. c."><a name="38981"><span class="ref">[38981] IIª-IIae q. 4 a. 5 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2515 est quod homo per virtutes iustificatur, nam iustitia est tota
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2516 virtus, ut dicitur in V Ethic. Sed per fidem homo iustificatur,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2517 secundum illud ad Rom. V, <i>iustificati ergo ex fide pacem
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
2518 habemus</i> et cetera. Ergo fides est virtus.</p><p title="II-II q. 4 a. 5 co."><a name="38982"><span class="ref">[38982] IIª-IIae q. 4 a. 5 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2519 dicendum quod, sicut ex supradictis patet, virtus humana est per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2520 quam actus humanus redditur bonus. Unde quicumque habitus est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2521 semper principium boni actus, potest dici virtus humana. Talis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2522 autem habitus est fides formata. Cum enim credere sit actus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2523 intellectus assentientis vero ex imperio voluntatis, ad hoc quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2524 iste actus sit perfectus duo requiruntur. Quorum unum est ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2525 infallibiliter intellectus tendat in suum bonum, quod est verum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2526 aliud autem est ut infallibiliter ordinetur ad ultimum finem,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2527 propter quem voluntas assentit vero. Et utrumque invenitur in actu
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2528 fidei formatae. Nam ex ratione ipsius fidei est quod intellectus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2529 semper feratur in verum, quia fidei non potest subesse falsum, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2530 supra habitum est, ex caritate autem, quae format fidem, habet
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2531 anima quod infallibiliter voluntas ordinetur in bonum finem. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2532 ideo fides formata est virtus. Fides autem informis non est virtus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2533 quia etsi habeat perfectionem debitam actus fidei informis ex parte
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2534 intellectus, non tamen habet perfectionem debitam ex parte
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2535 voluntatis. Sicut etiam si temperantia esset in concupiscibili et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2536 prudentia non esset in rationali, temperantia non esset virtus, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2537 supra dictum est, quia ad actum temperantiae requiritur et actus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2538 rationis et actus concupiscibilis, sicut ad actum fidei requiritur
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
2539 actus voluntatis et actus intellectus.</p><p title="II-II q. 4 a. 5 ad 1"><a name="38983"><span class="ref">[38983] IIª-IIae q. 4 a. 5 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2540 ergo dicendum quod ipsum verum est bonum intellectus, cum sit eius
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2541 perfectio. Et ideo inquantum per fidem intellectus determinatur ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2542 verum, fides habet ordinem in bonum quoddam. Sed ulterius,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2543 inquantum fides formatur per caritatem, habet etiam ordinem ad
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2544 bonum secundum quod est voluntatis obiectum.</p><p title="II-II q. 4 a. 5 ad 2"><a name="38984"><span class="ref">[38984] IIª-IIae q. 4 a. 5 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2545 dicendum quod fides de qua philosophus loquitur innititur rationi
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2546 humanae non ex necessitate concludenti, cui potest subesse falsum.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2547 Et ideo talis fides non est virtus. Sed fides de qua loquimur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2548 innititur veritati divinae quae est infallibilis, et ita non potest
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
2549 ei subesse falsum. Et ideo talis fides potest esse virtus.</p><p title="II-II q. 4 a. 5 ad 3"><a name="38985"><span class="ref">[38985] IIª-IIae q. 4 a. 5 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2550 dicendum quod fides formata et informis non differunt specie sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2551 in diversis speciebus existentes, differunt autem sicut perfectum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2552 et imperfectum in eadem specie. Unde fides informis, cum sit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2553 imperfecta, non pertingit ad perfectam rationem virtutis, nam
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2554 virtus est perfectio quaedam, ut dicitur in VII Physic.</p><p title="II-II q. 4 a. 5 ad 4"><a name="38986"><span class="ref">[38986] IIª-IIae q. 4 a. 5 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2555 dicendum quod quidam ponunt quod fides quae connumeratur inter
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2556 gratias gratis datas est fides informis. Sed hoc non convenienter
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2557 dicitur. Quia gratiae gratis datae, quae ibi enumerantur, non sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2558 communes omnibus membris Ecclesiae, unde apostolus ibi dicit,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2559 divisiones gratiarum sunt; et iterum, alii datur hoc, alii datur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2560 illud. Fides autem informis est communis omnibus membris Ecclesiae,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2561 quia informitas non est de substantia eius, secundum quod est donum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2562 gratuitum. Unde dicendum est quod fides ibi sumitur pro aliqua
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2563 fidei excellentia, sicut pro constantia fidei, ut dicit Glossa, vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2564 pro sermone fidei. Fides autem ponitur fructus secundum quod habet
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2565 aliquam delectationem in suo actu, ratione certitudinis. Unde ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2566 Gal. V, ubi enumerantur fructus, exponitur fides de invisibilibus
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
2567 certitudo.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 6</h3><p title="II-II q. 4 a. 6 arg. 1"><a name="38987"><span class="ref">[38987] IIª-IIae q. 4 a. 6 arg. 1</span></a> Ad sextum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2568 sic proceditur. Videtur quod non sit una fides. <i>Sicut enim fides
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2569 est donum Dei</i>, ut dicitur ad Ephes. II, ita etiam sapientia et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2570 scientia inter dona Dei computantur, ut patet Isaiae XI. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2571 sapientia et scientia differunt per hoc quod sapientia est de
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2572 aeternis, scientia vero de temporalibus, ut patet per Augustinum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2573 XII de Trin. Cum igitur fides sit et de aeternis et de quibusdam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2574 temporalibus, videtur quod non sit una fides, sed distinguatur in
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2575 partes.</p><p title="II-II q. 4 a. 6 arg. 2"><a name="38988"><span class="ref">[38988] IIª-IIae q. 4 a. 6 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2576 confessio est actus fidei, ut supra dictum est. Sed non est una et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2577 eadem confessio fidei apud omnes, nam quod nos confitemur factum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2578 antiqui patres confitebantur futurum, ut patet Isaiae VII, <i>ecce
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2579 virgo concipiet</i>. Ergo non est una fides.</p><p title="II-II q. 4 a. 6 arg. 3"><a name="38989"><span class="ref">[38989] IIª-IIae q. 4 a. 6 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2580 fides est communis omnibus fidelibus Christi. Sed unum accidens non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2581 potest esse in diversis subiectis. Ergo non potest esse una fides
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2582 omnium.</p><p title="II-II q. 4 a. 6 s. c."><a name="38990"><span class="ref">[38990] IIª-IIae q. 4 a. 6 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2583 est quod apostolus dicit, ad Ephes. IV, <i>unus dominus, una
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2584 fides</i>.</p><p title="II-II q. 4 a. 6 co."><a name="38991"><span class="ref">[38991] IIª-IIae q. 4 a. 6 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2585 dicendum quod fides, si sumatur pro habitu, dupliciter potest
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2586 considerari. Uno modo, ex parte obiecti. Et sic est una fides,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2587 obiectum enim formale fidei est veritas prima, cui inhaerendo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2588 credimus quaecumque sub fide continentur. Alio modo, ex parte
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2589 subiecti. Et sic fides diversificatur secundum quod est diversorum.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2590 Manifestum est autem quod fides, sicut et quilibet alius habitus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2591 ex formali ratione obiecti habet speciem, sed ex subiecto
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2592 individuatur. Et ideo, si fides sumatur pro habitu quo credimus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2593 sic fides est una specie, et differens numero in diversis. Si vero
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2594 sumatur pro eo quod creditur, sic etiam est una fides. Quia idem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2595 est quod ab omnibus creditur, et si sint diversa credibilia quae
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2596 communiter omnes credunt, tamen omnia reducuntur ad unum.</p><p title="II-II q. 4 a. 6 ad 1"><a name="38992"><span class="ref">[38992] IIª-IIae q. 4 a. 6 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2597 ergo dicendum quod temporalia quae in fide proponuntur non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2598 pertinent ad obiectum fidei nisi in ordine ad aliquod aeternum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2599 quod est veritas prima, sicut supra dictum est. Et ideo fides una
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2600 est de temporalibus et aeternis. Secus autem est de sapientia et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2601 scientia, quae considerant temporalia et aeterna secundum proprias
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2602 rationes utrorumque.</p><p title="II-II q. 4 a. 6 ad 2"><a name="38993"><span class="ref">[38993] IIª-IIae q. 4 a. 6 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2603 dicendum quod illa differentia praeteriti et futuri non contingit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2604 ex aliqua diversitate rei creditae, sed ex diversa habitudine
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2605 credentium ad unam rem creditam, ut etiam supra habitum est.</p><p title="II-II q. 4 a. 6 ad 3"><a name="38994"><span class="ref">[38994] IIª-IIae q. 4 a. 6 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2606 dicendum quod illa ratio procedit ex diversitate fidei secundum
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2607 numerum.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 7</h3><p title="II-II q. 4 a. 7 arg. 1"><a name="38995"><span class="ref">[38995] IIª-IIae q. 4 a. 7 arg. 1</span></a> Ad septimum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2608 sic proceditur. Videtur quod fides non sit prima inter virtutes.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2609 Dicitur enim Luc. XII, in Glossa super illud, dico vobis amicis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2610 meis, quod fortitudo est fidei fundamentum. Sed fundamentum est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2611 prius eo cuius est fundamentum. Ergo fides non est prima
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2612 virtus.</p><p title="II-II q. 4 a. 7 arg. 2"><a name="38996"><span class="ref">[38996] IIª-IIae q. 4 a. 7 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2613 quaedam Glossa dicit, super illum Psalmum, noli aemulari, quod spes
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2614 introducit ad fidem. Spes autem est virtus quaedam, ut infra
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2615 dicetur. Ergo fides non est prima virtutum.</p><p title="II-II q. 4 a. 7 arg. 3"><a name="38997"><span class="ref">[38997] IIª-IIae q. 4 a. 7 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2616 supra dictum est quod intellectus credentis inclinatur ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2617 assentiendum his quae sunt fidei ex obedientia ad Deum. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2618 obedientia etiam est quaedam virtus. Non ergo fides est prima
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2619 virtus.</p><p title="II-II q. 4 a. 7 arg. 4"><a name="38998"><span class="ref">[38998] IIª-IIae q. 4 a. 7 arg. 4</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2620 fides informis non est fundamentum, sed fides formata, sicut in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2621 Glossa dicitur, I ad Cor. III. Formatur autem fides per caritatem,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2622 ut supra dictum est. Ergo fides a caritate habet quod sit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2623 fundamentum. Caritas ergo est magis fundamentum quam fides, nam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2624 fundamentum est prima pars aedificii. Et ita videtur quod sit prior
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2625 fide.</p><p title="II-II q. 4 a. 7 arg. 5"><a name="38999"><span class="ref">[38999] IIª-IIae q. 4 a. 7 arg. 5</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2626 secundum ordinem actuum intelligitur ordo habituum. Sed in actu
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2627 fidei actus voluntatis, quem perficit caritas, praecedit actum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2628 intellectus, quem perficit fides, sicut causa, quae praecedit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2629 effectum. Ergo caritas praecedit fidem. Non ergo fides est prima
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2630 virtutum.</p><p title="II-II q. 4 a. 7 s. c."><a name="39000"><span class="ref">[39000] IIª-IIae q. 4 a. 7 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2631 est quod apostolus dicit, ad Heb. XI, quod <i>fides est substantia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2632 sperandarum rerum</i>. Sed substantia habet rationem primi. Ergo
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2633 fides est prima inter virtutes.</p><p title="II-II q. 4 a. 7 co."><a name="39001"><span class="ref">[39001] IIª-IIae q. 4 a. 7 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2634 dicendum quod aliquid potest esse prius altero dupliciter, uno
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2635 modo, per se; alio modo, per accidens. Per se quidem inter omnes
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2636 virtutes prima est fides. Cum enim in agibilibus finis sit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2637 principium, ut supra dictum est, necesse est virtutes theologicas,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2638 quarum obiectum est ultimus finis, esse priores ceteris virtutibus.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2639 Ipse autem ultimus finis oportet quod prius sit in intellectu quam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2640 in voluntate, quia voluntas non fertur in aliquid nisi prout est in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2641 intellectu apprehensum. Unde cum ultimus finis sit quidem in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2642 voluntate per spem et caritatem, in intellectu autem per fidem,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2643 necesse est quod fides sit prima inter omnes virtutes, quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2644 naturalis cognitio non potest attingere ad Deum secundum quod est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2645 obiectum beatitudinis, prout tendit in ipsum spes et caritas. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2646 per accidens potest aliqua virtus esse prior fide. Causa enim per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2647 accidens est per accidens prior. Removere autem prohibens pertinet
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2648 ad causam per accidens, ut patet per philosophum, in VIII Physic.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2649 Et secundum hoc aliquae virtutes possunt dici per accidens priores
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2650 fide, inquantum removent impedimenta credendi, sicut fortitudo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2651 removet inordinatum timorem impedientem fidem; humilitas autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2652 superbiam, per quam intellectus recusat se submittere veritati
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2653 fidei. Et idem potest dici de aliquibus aliis virtutibus, quamvis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2654 non sint verae virtutes nisi praesupposita fide, ut patet per
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2655 Augustinum, in libro contra Iulianum.</p><p title="II-II q. 4 a. 7 ad 1"><a name="39002"><span class="ref">[39002] IIª-IIae q. 4 a. 7 ad 1</span></a> Unde patet
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
2656 responsio ad primum.</p><p title="II-II q. 4 a. 7 ad 2"><a name="39003"><span class="ref">[39003] IIª-IIae q. 4 a. 7 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2657 dicendum quod spes non potest universaliter introducere ad fidem.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2658 Non enim potest spes haberi de aeterna beatitudine nisi credatur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2659 possibile, quia impossibile non cadit sub spe, ut ex supradictis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2660 patet. Sed ex spe aliquis introduci potest ad hoc quod perseveret
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2661 in fide, vel quod fidei firmiter adhaereat. Et secundum hoc dicitur
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
2662 spes introducere ad fidem.</p><p title="II-II q. 4 a. 7 ad 3"><a name="39004"><span class="ref">[39004] IIª-IIae q. 4 a. 7 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2663 dicendum quod obedientia dupliciter dicitur. Quandoque enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2664 importat inclinationem voluntatis ad implendum divina mandata. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2665 sic non est specialis virtus, sed generaliter includitur in omni
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2666 virtute, quia omnes actus virtutum cadunt sub praeceptis legis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2667 divinae, ut supra dictum est. Et hoc modo ad fidem requiritur
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2668 obedientia. Alio modo potest accipi obedientia secundum quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2669 importat inclinationem quandam ad implendam mandata secundum quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2670 habent rationem debiti. Et sic obedientia est specialis virtus, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2671 est pars iustitiae, reddit enim superiori debitum obediendo sibi.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2672 Et hoc modo obedientia sequitur fidem, per quam manifestatur homini
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2673 quod Deus sit superior, cui debeat obedire.</p><p title="II-II q. 4 a. 7 ad 4"><a name="39005"><span class="ref">[39005] IIª-IIae q. 4 a. 7 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2674 dicendum quod ad rationem fundamenti non solum requiritur quod sit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2675 primum, sed etiam quod sit aliis partibus aedificii connexum, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2676 enim esset fundamentum nisi ei aliae partes aedificii cohaererent.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2677 Connexio autem spiritualis aedificii est per caritatem, secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2678 illud Coloss. III, <i>super omnia caritatem habete, quae est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2679 vinculum perfectionis</i>. Et ideo fides sine caritate fundamentum
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2680 esse non potest, nec tamen oportet quod caritas sit prior fide.</p><p title="II-II q. 4 a. 7 ad 5"><a name="39006"><span class="ref">[39006] IIª-IIae q. 4 a. 7 ad 5</span></a> Ad quintum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2681 dicendum quod actus voluntatis praeexigitur ad fidem, non tamen
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2682 actus voluntatis caritate informatus, sed talis actus praesupponit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2683 fidem, quia non potest voluntas perfecto amore in Deum tendere nisi
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2684 intellectus rectam fidem habeat circa ipsum.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 8</h3><p title="II-II q. 4 a. 8 arg. 1"><a name="39007"><span class="ref">[39007] IIª-IIae q. 4 a. 8 arg. 1</span></a> Ad octavum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2685 sic proceditur. Videtur quod fides non sit certior scientia et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2686 aliis virtutibus intellectualibus. Dubitatio enim opponitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2687 certitudini, unde videtur illud esse certius quod minus potest
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2688 habere de dubitatione; sicut est albius quod est nigro
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2689 impermixtius. Sed intellectus et scientia, et etiam sapientia, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2690 habent dubitationem circa ea quorum sunt, credens autem interdum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2691 potest pati motum dubitationis et dubitare de his quae sunt fidei.
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2692 Ergo fides non est certior virtutibus intellectualibus.</p><p title="II-II q. 4 a. 8 arg. 2"><a name="39008"><span class="ref">[39008] IIª-IIae q. 4 a. 8 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2693 visio est certior auditu. Sed fides est ex auditu, ut dicitur ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2694 Rom. X, in intellectu autem et scientia et sapientia includitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2695 quaedam intellectualis visio. Ergo certior est scientia vel
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2696 intellectus quam fides.</p><p title="II-II q. 4 a. 8 arg. 3"><a name="39009"><span class="ref">[39009] IIª-IIae q. 4 a. 8 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2697 quanto aliquid est perfectius in his quae ad intellectum pertinent,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2698 tanto est certius. Sed intellectus est perfectior fide, quia per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2699 fidem ad intellectum pervenitur, secundum illud Isaiae VII, <i>nisi
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2700 credideritis, non intelligetis</i>, secundum aliam litteram. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2701 Augustinus dicit etiam de scientia, XIV de Trin., quod per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2702 scientiam roboratur fides. Ergo videtur quod certior sit scientia
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2703 vel intellectus quam fides.</p><p title="II-II q. 4 a. 8 s. c."><a name="39010"><span class="ref">[39010] IIª-IIae q. 4 a. 8 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2704 est quod apostolus dicit, I ad Thess. II, <i>cum accepissetis a
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2705 nobis verbum auditus</i>, scilicet per fidem, <i>accepistis illud
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2706 non ut verbum hominum, sed, sicut vere est, verbum Dei</i>. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2707 nihil certius verbo Dei. Ergo scientia non est certior fide, nec
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2708 aliquid aliud.</p><p title="II-II q. 4 a. 8 co."><a name="39011"><span class="ref">[39011] IIª-IIae q. 4 a. 8 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2709 dicendum quod, sicut supra dictum est, virtutum intellectualium
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2710 duae sunt circa contingentia, scilicet prudentia et ars. Quibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2711 praefertur fides in certitudine, ratione suae materiae, quia est de
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2712 aeternis, quae non contingit aliter se habere. Tres autem reliquae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2713 intellectuales virtutes, scilicet sapientia, scientia et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2714 intellectus, sunt de necessariis, ut supra dictum est. Sed sciendum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2715 est quod sapientia, scientia et intellectus dupliciter dicuntur,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2716 uno modo, secundum quod ponuntur virtutes intellectuales a
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2717 philosopho, in VI Ethic.; alio modo, secundum quod ponuntur dona
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2718 spiritus sancti. Primo igitur modo, dicendum est quod certitudo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2719 potest considerari dupliciter. Uno modo, ex causa certitudinis, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2720 sic dicitur esse certius illud quod habet certiorem causam. Et hoc
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2721 modo fides est certior tribus praedictis, quia fides innititur
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2722 veritati divinae, tria autem praedicta innituntur rationi humanae.
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2723 Alio modo potest considerari certitudo ex parte subiecti, et sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2724 dicitur esse certius quod plenius consequitur intellectus hominis.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2725 Et per hunc modum, quia ea quae sunt fidei sunt supra intellectum
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2726 hominis, non autem ea quae subsunt tribus praedictis, ideo ex hac
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2727 parte fides est minus certa. Sed quia unumquodque iudicatur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2728 simpliciter quidem secundum causam suam; secundum autem
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2729 dispositionem quae est ex parte subiecti iudicatur secundum quid,
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2730 inde est quod fides est simpliciter certior, sed alia sunt certiora
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2731 secundum quid, scilicet quoad nos. Similiter etiam, si accipiantur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2732 tria praedicta secundum quod sunt dona praesentis vitae,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2733 comparantur ad fidem sicut ad principium quod praesupponunt. Unde
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2734 etiam secundum hoc fides est eis certior.</p><p title="II-II q. 4 a. 8 ad 1"><a name="39012"><span class="ref">[39012] IIª-IIae q. 4 a. 8 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2735 ergo dicendum quod illa dubitatio non est ex parte causae fidei,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2736 sed quoad nos, inquantum non plene assequimur per intellectum ea
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2737 quae sunt fidei.</p><p title="II-II q. 4 a. 8 ad 2"><a name="39013"><span class="ref">[39013] IIª-IIae q. 4 a. 8 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2738 dicendum quod, ceteris paribus, visio est certior auditu. Sed si
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2739 ille a quo auditur multum excedit visum videntis, sic certior est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2740 auditus quam visus. Sicut aliquis parvae scientiae magis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2741 certificatur de eo quod audit ab aliquo scientissimo quam de eo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2742 quod sibi secundum suam rationem videtur. Et multo magis homo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2743 certior est de eo quod audit a Deo, qui falli non potest, quam de
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2744 eo quod videt propria ratione, quae falli potest.</p><p title="II-II q. 4 a. 8 ad 3"><a name="39014"><span class="ref">[39014] IIª-IIae q. 4 a. 8 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2745 dicendum quod perfectio intellectus et scientiae excedit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2746 cognitionem fidei quantum ad maiorem manifestationem, non tamen
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2747 quantum ad certiorem inhaesionem. Quia tota certitudo intellectus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2748 vel scientiae secundum quod sunt dona, procedit a certitudine
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2749 fidei, sicut certitudo cognitionis conclusionum procedit ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2750 certitudine principiorum. Secundum autem quod scientia et sapientia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2751 et intellectus sunt virtutes intellectuales, innituntur naturali
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2752 lumini rationis, quod deficit a certitudine verbi Dei, cui
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2753 innititur fides.</p></div></div><div class="q" id="q5"><h2>Quaestio 5</h2><div class="p"><h3>Prooemium</h3><p title="II-II q. 5 pr."><a name="39015"><span class="ref">[39015]
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2754 IIª-IIae q. 5 pr.</span></a> Deinde considerandum est de
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2755 habentibus fidem. Et circa hoc quaeruntur quatuor. Primo, utrum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2756 Angelus aut homo in prima sui conditione habuerit fidem. Secundo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2757 utrum Daemones habeant fidem. Tertio, utrum haeretici errantes in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2758 uno articulo fidei habeant fidem de aliis articulis. Quarto, utrum
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2759 fidem habentium unus alio habeat maiorem fidem.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 1</h3><p title="II-II q. 5 a. 1 arg. 1"><a name="39016"><span class="ref">[39016] IIª-IIae q. 5 a. 1 arg. 1</span></a> Ad primum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2760 sic proceditur. Videtur quod Angelus aut homo in sua prima
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2761 conditione fidem non habuerit. Dicit enim Hugo de sancto Victore,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2762 <i>quia homo oculum contemplationis non habet, Deum et quae in Deo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2763 sunt videre non valet</i>. Sed Angelus in statu primae conditionis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2764 ante confirmationem vel lapsum, habuit oculum contemplationis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2765 videbat enim res in verbo, ut Augustinus dicit, in II super Gen. ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2766 Litt. Et similiter primus homo in statu innocentiae videtur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2767 habuisse oculum contemplationis apertum, dicit enim Hugo de sancto
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2768 Victore, in suis sententiis, quod <i>novit homo, in primo statu,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2769 creatorem suum non ea cognitione quae foris auditu solo percipitur,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2770 sed ea quae intus per inspirationem ministratur, non ea qua Deus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2771 modo a credentibus absens fide quaeritur, sed ea qua per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2772 praesentiam contemplationis manifestius cernebatur</i>. Ergo homo
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2773 vel Angelus in statu primae conditionis fidem non habuit.</p><p title="II-II q. 5 a. 1 arg. 2"><a name="39017"><span class="ref">[39017] IIª-IIae q. 5 a. 1 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2774 cognitio fidei est aenigmatica et obscura, secundum illud I ad Cor.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2775 XIII, <i>videmus nunc per speculum in aenigmate</i>. Sed in statu
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2776 primae conditionis non fuit aliqua obscuritas neque in homine neque
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2777 in Angelo, quia tenebrositas est poena peccati. Ergo fides in statu
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2778 primae conditionis esse non potuit neque in homine neque in
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2779 Angelo.</p><p title="II-II q. 5 a. 1 arg. 3"><a name="39018"><span class="ref">[39018] IIª-IIae q. 5 a. 1 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2780 apostolus dicit, ad Rom. X, quod <i>fides est ex auditu</i>. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2781 hoc locum non habuit in primo statu angelicae conditionis aut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2782 humanae, non enim erat ibi auditus ab alio. Ergo fides in statu
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2783 illo non erat neque in homine neque in Angelo.</p><p title="II-II q. 5 a. 1 s. c."><a name="39019"><span class="ref">[39019] IIª-IIae q. 5 a. 1 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2784 est quod apostolus dicit, ad Heb. XI, <i>accedentem ad Deum oportet
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2785 credere</i>. Sed Angelus et homo in sui prima conditione erant in
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2786 statu accedendi ad Deum. Ergo fide indigebant.</p><p title="II-II q. 5 a. 1 co."><a name="39020"><span class="ref">[39020] IIª-IIae q. 5 a. 1 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2787 dicendum quod quidam dicunt quod in Angelis ante confirmationem et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2788 lapsum, et in homine ante peccatum, non fuit fides, propter
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2789 manifestam contemplationem quae tunc erat de rebus divinis. Sed cum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2790 fides sit argumentum non apparentium, secundum apostolum; et per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2791 fidem credantur ea quae non videntur, ut Augustinus dicit, illa
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2792 sola manifestatio excludit fidei rationem per quam redditur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2793 apparens vel visum id de quo principaliter est fides. Principale
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2794 autem obiectum fidei est veritas prima, cuius visio beatos facit et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2795 fidei succedit. Cum igitur Angelus ante confirmationem, et homo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2796 ante peccatum, non habuit illam beatitudinem qua Deus per essentiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2797 videtur; manifestum est quod non habuit sic manifestam cognitionem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2798 quod excluderetur ratio fidei. Unde quod non habuit fidem, hoc esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2799 non potuit nisi quod penitus ei erat ignotum illud de quo est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2800 fides. Et si homo et Angelus fuerunt creati in puris naturalibus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2801 ut quidam dicunt, forte posset teneri quod fides non fuit in Angelo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2802 ante confirmationem nec in homine ante peccatum, cognitio enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2803 fidei est supra naturalem cognitionem de Deo non solum hominis, sed
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2804 etiam Angeli. Sed quia in primo iam diximus quod homo et Angelus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2805 creati sunt cum dono gratiae, ideo necesse est dicere quod per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2806 gratiam acceptam et nondum consummatam fuerit in eis inchoatio
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2807 quaedam speratae beatitudinis, quae quidem inchoatur in voluntate
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2808 per spem et caritatem, sed in intellectu per fidem, ut supra dictum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2809 est. Et ideo necesse est dicere quod Angelus ante confirmationem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2810 habuerat fidem, et similiter homo ante peccatum. Sed tamen
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2811 considerandum est quod in obiecto fidei est aliquid quasi formale,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2812 scilicet veritas prima super omnem naturalem cognitionem creaturae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2813 existens; et aliquid materiale, sicut id cui assentimus inhaerendo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2814 primae veritati. Quantum ergo ad primum horum, communiter fides est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2815 in omnibus habentibus cognitionem de Deo, futura beatitudine nondum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2816 adepta, inhaerendo primae veritati. Sed quantum ad ea quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2817 materialiter credenda proponuntur, quaedam sunt credita ab uno quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2818 sunt manifeste scita ab alio, etiam in statu praesenti, ut supra
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2819 dictum est. Et secundum hoc etiam potest dici quod Angelus ante
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2820 confirmationem et homo ante peccatum quaedam de divinis mysteriis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2821 manifesta cognitione cognoverunt quae nunc non possumus cognoscere
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2822 nisi credendo.</p><p title="II-II q. 5 a. 1 ad 1"><a name="39021"><span class="ref">[39021] IIª-IIae q. 5 a. 1 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2823 ergo dicendum quod, quamvis dicta Hugonis de sancto Victore
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2824 magistralia sint et robur auctoritatis non habeant, tamen potest
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2825 dici quod contemplatio quae tollit necessitatem fidei est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2826 contemplatio patriae, qua supernaturalis veritas per essentiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2827 videtur. Hanc autem contemplationem non habuit Angelus ante
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2828 confirmationem nec homo ante peccatum. Sed eorum contemplatio erat
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2829 altior quam nostra, per quam, magis de propinquo accedentes ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2830 Deum, plura manifeste cognoscere poterant de divinis effectibus et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2831 mysteriis quam nos possumus. Unde non inerat eis fides qua ita
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2832 quaereretur Deus absens sicut a nobis quaeritur. Erat enim eis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2833 magis praesens per lumen sapientiae quam sit nobis, licet nec eis
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2834 esset ita praesens sicut est beatis per lumen gloriae.</p><p title="II-II q. 5 a. 1 ad 2"><a name="39022"><span class="ref">[39022] IIª-IIae q. 5 a. 1 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2835 dicendum quod in statu primae conditionis hominis vel Angeli non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2836 erat obscuritas culpae vel poenae. Inerat tamen intellectui hominis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2837 et Angeli quaedam obscuritas naturalis, secundum quod omnis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2838 creatura tenebra est comparata immensitati divini luminis. Et talis
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2839 obscuritas sufficit ad fidei rationem.</p><p title="II-II q. 5 a. 1 ad 3"><a name="39023"><span class="ref">[39023] IIª-IIae q. 5 a. 1 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2840 dicendum quod in statu primae conditionis non erat auditus ab
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2841 homine exterius loquente, sed a Deo interius inspirante, sicut et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2842 prophetae audiebant, secundum illud Psalm., <i>audiam quid loquatur
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2843 in me dominus Deus</i>.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 2</h3><p title="II-II q. 5 a. 2 arg. 1"><a name="39024"><span class="ref">[39024] IIª-IIae q. 5 a. 2 arg. 1</span></a> Ad secundum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2844 sic proceditur. Videtur quod in Daemonibus non sit fides. Dicit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2845 enim Augustinus, in libro de Praed. Sanct., quod <i>fides consistit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2846 in credentium voluntate</i>. Haec autem voluntas bona est qua quis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2847 vult credere Deo. Cum igitur in Daemonibus non sit aliqua voluntas
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2848 deliberata bona, ut in primo dictum est, videtur quod in Daemonibus
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2849 non sit fides.</p><p title="II-II q. 5 a. 2 arg. 2"><a name="39025"><span class="ref">[39025] IIª-IIae q. 5 a. 2 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2850 fides est quoddam donum divinae gratiae, secundum illud Ephes. II,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2851 <i>gratia estis salvati per fidem, donum enim Dei est</i>. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2852 Daemones dona gratuita amiserunt per peccatum, ut dicitur in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2853 Glossa, super illud Osee III, <i>ipsi respiciunt ad deos alienos,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2854 et diligunt vinacia uvarum</i>. Ergo fides in Daemonibus post
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2855 peccatum non remansit.</p><p title="II-II q. 5 a. 2 arg. 3"><a name="39026"><span class="ref">[39026] IIª-IIae q. 5 a. 2 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2856 infidelitas videtur esse gravius inter peccata, ut patet per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2857 Augustinum, super illud Ioan. XV, <i>si non venissem, et locutus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2858 eis non fuissem, peccatum non haberent, nunc autem excusationem non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2859 habent de peccato suo</i>. Sed in quibusdam hominibus est peccatum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2860 infidelitatis. Si igitur fides esset in Daemonibus, aliquorum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2861 hominum peccatum esset gravius peccato Daemonum. Quod videtur esse
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2862 inconveniens. Non ergo fides est in Daemonibus.</p><p title="II-II q. 5 a. 2 s. c."><a name="39027"><span class="ref">[39027] IIª-IIae q. 5 a. 2 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2863 est quod dicitur Iac. II, <i>Daemones credunt et
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2864 contremiscunt</i>.</p><p title="II-II q. 5 a. 2 co."><a name="39028"><span class="ref">[39028] IIª-IIae q. 5 a. 2 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2865 dicendum quod, sicut supra dictum est, intellectus credentis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2866 assentit rei creditae non quia ipsam videat vel secundum se vel per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2867 resolutionem ad prima principia per se visa, sed propter imperium
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2868 voluntatis. Quod autem voluntas moveat intellectum ad assentiendum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2869 potest contingere ex duobus. Uno modo, ex ordine voluntatis ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2870 bonum, et sic credere est actus laudabilis. Alio modo, quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2871 intellectus convincitur ad hoc quod iudicet esse credendum his quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2872 dicuntur, licet non convincatur per evidentiam rei. Sicut si
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2873 aliquis propheta praenuntiaret in sermone domini aliquid futurum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2874 et adhiberet signum mortuum suscitando, ex hoc signo convinceretur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2875 intellectus videntis ut cognosceret manifeste hoc dici a Deo, qui
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2876 non mentitur; licet illud futurum quod praedicitur in se evidens
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2877 non esset, unde ratio fidei non tolleretur. Dicendum est ergo quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2878 in fidelibus Christi laudatur fides secundum primum modum. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2879 secundum hoc non est in Daemonibus, sed solum secundo modo. Vident
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2880 enim multa manifesta indicia ex quibus percipiunt doctrinam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2881 Ecclesiae esse a Deo; quamvis ipsi res ipsas quas Ecclesia docet
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2882 non videant, puta Deum esse trinum et unum, vel aliquid
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2883 huiusmodi.</p><p title="II-II q. 5 a. 2 ad 1"><a name="39029"><span class="ref">[39029] IIª-IIae q. 5 a. 2 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2884 ergo dicendum quod Daemonum fides est quodammodo coacta ex signorum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2885 evidentia. Et ideo non pertinet ad laudem voluntatis ipsorum quod
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2886 credunt.</p><p title="II-II q. 5 a. 2 ad 2"><a name="39030"><span class="ref">[39030] IIª-IIae q. 5 a. 2 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2887 dicendum quod fides quae est donum gratiae inclinat hominem ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2888 credendum secundum aliquem affectum boni, etiam si sit informis.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2889 Unde fides quae est in Daemonibus non est donum gratiae; sed magis
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2890 coguntur ad credendum ex perspicacitate naturalis intellectus.</p><p title="II-II q. 5 a. 2 ad 3"><a name="39031"><span class="ref">[39031] IIª-IIae q. 5 a. 2 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2891 dicendum quod hoc ipsum Daemonibus displicet quod signa fidei sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2892 tam evidentia ut per ea credere compellantur. Et ideo in nullo
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2893 malitia eorum minuitur per hoc quod credunt.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 3</h3><p title="II-II q. 5 a. 3 arg. 1"><a name="39032"><span class="ref">[39032] IIª-IIae q. 5 a. 3 arg. 1</span></a> Ad tertium
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2894 sic proceditur. Videtur quod haereticus qui discredit unum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2895 articulum fidei possit habere fidem informem de aliis articulis.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2896 Non enim intellectus naturalis haeretici est potentior quam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2897 intellectus Catholici. Sed intellectus Catholici indiget adiuvari,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2898 ad credendum quemcumque articulum fidei, dono fidei. Ergo videtur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2899 quod nec haeretici aliquos articulos credere possint sine dono
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2900 fidei informis.</p><p title="II-II q. 5 a. 3 arg. 2"><a name="39033"><span class="ref">[39033] IIª-IIae q. 5 a. 3 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2901 sicut sub fide continentur multi articuli fidei, ita sub una
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2902 scientia, puta geometria, continentur multae conclusiones. Sed homo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2903 aliquis potest habere scientiam geometriae circa quasdam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2904 geometricas conclusiones, aliis ignoratis. Ergo homo aliquis potest
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2905 habere fidem de aliquibus articulis fidei, alios non credendo.</p><p title="II-II q. 5 a. 3 arg. 3"><a name="39034"><span class="ref">[39034] IIª-IIae q. 5 a. 3 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2906 sicut homo obedit Deo ad credendum articulos fidei, ita etiam ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2907 servanda mandata legis. Sed homo potest esse obediens circa quaedam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2908 mandata et non circa alia. Ergo potest habere fidem circa quosdam
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2909 articulos et non circa alios.</p><p title="II-II q. 5 a. 3 s. c."><a name="39035"><span class="ref">[39035] IIª-IIae q. 5 a. 3 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2910 sicut peccatum mortale contrariatur caritati, ita discredere unum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2911 articulum contrariatur fidei. Sed caritas non remanet in homine
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2912 post unum peccatum mortale. Ergo neque fides postquam discredit
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2913 unum articulum fidei.</p><p title="II-II q. 5 a. 3 co."><a name="39036"><span class="ref">[39036] IIª-IIae q. 5 a. 3 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2914 dicendum quod haereticus qui discredit unum articulum fidei non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2915 habet habitum fidei neque formatae neque informis. Cuius ratio est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2916 quia species cuiuslibet habitus dependet ex formali ratione
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2917 obiecti, qua sublata, species habitus remanere non potest. Formale
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2918 autem obiectum fidei est veritas prima secundum quod manifestatur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2919 in Scripturis sacris et doctrina Ecclesiae. Unde quicumque non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2920 inhaeret, sicut infallibili et divinae regulae, doctrinae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2921 Ecclesiae, quae procedit ex veritate prima in Scripturis sacris
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2922 manifestata, ille non habet habitum fidei, sed ea quae sunt fidei
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2923 alio modo tenet quam per fidem. Sicut si aliquis teneat mente
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2924 aliquam conclusionem non cognoscens medium illius demonstrationis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2925 manifestum est quod non habet eius scientiam, sed opinionem solum.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2926 Manifestum est autem quod ille qui inhaeret doctrinae Ecclesiae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2927 tanquam infallibili regulae, omnibus assentit quae Ecclesia docet.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2928 Alioquin, si de his quae Ecclesia docet quae vult tenet et quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2929 vult non tenet, non iam inhaeret Ecclesiae doctrinae sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2930 infallibili regulae, sed propriae voluntati. Et sic manifestum est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2931 quod haereticus qui pertinaciter discredit unum articulum non est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2932 paratus sequi in omnibus doctrinam Ecclesiae (si enim non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2933 pertinaciter, iam non est haereticus, sed solum errans). Unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2934 manifestum est quod talis haereticus circa unum articulum fidem non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2935 habet de aliis articulis, sed opinionem quandam secundum propriam
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2936 voluntatem.</p><p title="II-II q. 5 a. 3 ad 1"><a name="39037"><span class="ref">[39037] IIª-IIae q. 5 a. 3 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2937 ergo dicendum quod alios articulos fidei, de quibus haereticus non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2938 errat, non tenet eo modo sicut tenet eos fidelis, scilicet
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2939 simpliciter inhaerendo primae veritati, ad quod indiget homo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2940 adiuvari per habitum fidei, sed tenet ea quae sunt fidei propria
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2941 voluntate et iudicio.</p><p title="II-II q. 5 a. 3 ad 2"><a name="39038"><span class="ref">[39038] IIª-IIae q. 5 a. 3 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2942 dicendum quod in diversis conclusionibus unius scientiae sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2943 diversa media per quae probantur, quorum unum potest cognosci sine
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2944 alio. Et ideo homo potest scire quasdam conclusiones unius
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2945 scientiae, ignoratis aliis. Sed omnibus articulis fidei inhaeret
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2946 fides propter unum medium, scilicet propter veritatem primam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2947 propositam nobis in Scripturis secundum doctrinam Ecclesiae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2948 intellectis sane. Et ideo qui ab hoc medio decidit totaliter fide
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2949 caret.</p><p title="II-II q. 5 a. 3 ad 3"><a name="39039"><span class="ref">[39039] IIª-IIae q. 5 a. 3 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2950 dicendum quod diversa praecepta legis possunt referri vel ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2951 diversa motiva proxima, et sic unum sine alio servari potest. Vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2952 ad unum motivum primum, quod est perfecte obedire Deo, a quo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2953 decidit quicumque unum praeceptum transgreditur, secundum illud
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
2954 Iac. II, <i>qui offendit in uno factus est omnium reus</i>.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 4</h3><p title="II-II q. 5 a. 4 arg. 1"><a name="39040"><span class="ref">[39040] IIª-IIae q. 5 a. 4 arg. 1</span></a> Ad quartum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2955 sic proceditur. Videtur quod fides non possit esse maior in uno
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2956 quam in alio. Quantitas enim habitus attenditur secundum obiecta.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2957 Sed quicumque habet fidem credit omnia quae sunt fidei, quia qui
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2958 deficit ab uno totaliter amittit fidem, ut supra dictum est. Ergo
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
2959 videtur quod fides non possit esse maior in uno quam in alio.</p><p title="II-II q. 5 a. 4 arg. 2"><a name="39041"><span class="ref">[39041] IIª-IIae q. 5 a. 4 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2960 ea quae sunt in summo non recipiunt magis neque minus. Sed ratio
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2961 fidei est in summo, requiritur enim ad fidem quod homo inhaereat
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2962 primae veritati super omnia. Ergo fides non recipit magis et
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2963 minus.</p><p title="II-II q. 5 a. 4 arg. 3"><a name="39042"><span class="ref">[39042] IIª-IIae q. 5 a. 4 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2964 ita se habet fides in cognitione gratuita sicut intellectus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2965 principiorum in cognitione naturali, eo quod articuli fidei sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2966 prima principia gratuitae cognitionis, ut ex dictis patet. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2967 intellectus principiorum aequaliter invenitur in omnibus hominibus.
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
2968 Ergo et fides aequaliter invenitur in omnibus fidelibus.</p><p title="II-II q. 5 a. 4 s. c."><a name="39043"><span class="ref">[39043] IIª-IIae q. 5 a. 4 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2969 ubicumque invenitur parvum et magnum, ibi invenitur maius et minus.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2970 Sed in fide invenitur magnum et parvum, dicit enim dominus Petro,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2971 Matth. XIV, <i>modicae fidei, quare dubitasti?</i> Et mulieri
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2972 dixit, Matth. XV, <i>mulier, magna est fides tua</i>. Ergo fides
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2973 potest esse maior in uno quam in alio.</p><p title="II-II q. 5 a. 4 co."><a name="39044"><span class="ref">[39044] IIª-IIae q. 5 a. 4 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2974 dicendum quod, sicut supra dictum est, quantitas habitus ex duobus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2975 attendi potest, uno modo, ex obiecto; alio modo, secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2976 participationem subiecti. Obiectum autem fidei potest dupliciter
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2977 considerari, uno modo, secundum formalem rationem; alio modo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2978 secundum ea quae materialiter credenda proponuntur. Formale autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2979 obiectum fidei est unum et simplex scilicet veritas prima, ut supra
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2980 dictum est. Unde ex hac parte fides non diversificatur in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2981 credentibus, sed est una specie in omnibus, ut supra dictum est.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2982 Sed ea quae materialiter credenda proponuntur sunt plura, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2983 possunt accipi vel magis vel minus explicite. Et secundum hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2984 potest unus homo plura explicite credere quam alius. Et sic in uno
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2985 potest esse maior fides secundum maiorem fidei explicationem. Si
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2986 vero consideretur fides secundum participationem subiecti, hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2987 contingit dupliciter. Nam actus fidei procedit et ex intellectu et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2988 ex voluntate, ut supra dictum est. Potest ergo fides in aliquo dici
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2989 maior uno modo ex parte intellectus, propter maiorem certitudinem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2990 et firmitatem, alio modo ex parte voluntatis, propter maiorem
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2991 promptitudinem seu devotionem vel confidentiam.</p><p title="II-II q. 5 a. 4 ad 1"><a name="39045"><span class="ref">[39045] IIª-IIae q. 5 a. 4 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2992 ergo dicendum quod ille qui pertinaciter discredit aliquid eorum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2993 quae sub fide continentur non habet habitum fidei, quem tamen habet
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2994 ille qui non explicite omnia credit, sed paratus est omnia credere.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2995 Et secundum hoc ex parte obiecti unus habet maiorem fidem quam
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2996 alius, inquantum plura explicite credit, ut dictum est.</p><p title="II-II q. 5 a. 4 ad 2"><a name="39046"><span class="ref">[39046] IIª-IIae q. 5 a. 4 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2997 dicendum quod de ratione fidei est ut veritas prima omnibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2998 praeferatur. Sed tamen eorum qui eam omnibus praeferunt quidam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2999 certius et devotius se ei subiiciunt quam alii. Et secundum hoc
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3000 fides est maior in uno quam in alio.</p><p title="II-II q. 5 a. 4 ad 3"><a name="39047"><span class="ref">[39047] IIª-IIae q. 5 a. 4 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3001 dicendum quod intellectus principiorum consequitur ipsam naturam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3002 humanam, quae aequaliter in omnibus invenitur. Sed fides
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3003 consequitur donum gratiae, quod non est aequaliter in omnibus, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3004 supra dictum est. Unde non est eadem ratio. Et tamen secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3005 maiorem capacitatem intellectus, unus magis cognoscit virtutem
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3006 principiorum quam alius.</p></div></div><div class="q" id="q6"><h2>Quaestio 6</h2><div class="p"><h3>Prooemium</h3><p title="II-II q. 6 pr."><a name="39048"><span class="ref">[39048]
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3007 IIª-IIae q. 6 pr.</span></a> Deinde considerandum est de causa
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3008 fidei. Et circa hoc quaeruntur duo. Primo, utrum fides sit homini
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
3009 infusa a Deo. Secundo, utrum fides informis sit donum.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 1</h3><p title="II-II q. 6 a. 1 arg. 1"><a name="39049"><span class="ref">[39049] IIª-IIae q. 6 a. 1 arg. 1</span></a> Ad primum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3010 sic proceditur. Videtur quod fides non sit homini infusa a Deo.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3011 Dicit enim Augustinus, XIV de Trin., quod <i>per scientiam gignitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3012 in nobis fides, nutritur, defenditur et roboratur</i>. Sed ea quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3013 per scientiam in nobis gignuntur magis videntur acquisita esse quam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3014 infusa. Ergo fides non videtur in nobis esse ex infusione
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3015 divina.</p><p title="II-II q. 6 a. 1 arg. 2"><a name="39050"><span class="ref">[39050] IIª-IIae q. 6 a. 1 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3016 illud ad quod homo pertingit audiendo et videndo videtur esse ab
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3017 homine acquisitum. Sed homo pertingit ad credendum et videndo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3018 miracula et audiendo fidei doctrinam, dicitur enim Ioan. IV,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3019 <i>cognovit pater quia illa hora erat in qua dixit ei Iesus, filius
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3020 tuus vivit, et credidit ipse et domus eius tota</i>; et Rom. X
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3021 dicitur quod <i>fides est ex auditu</i>. Ergo fides habetur ab
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3022 homine tanquam acquisita.</p><p title="II-II q. 6 a. 1 arg. 3"><a name="39051"><span class="ref">[39051] IIª-IIae q. 6 a. 1 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3023 illud quod consistit in hominis voluntate ab homine potest acquiri.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3024 Sed fides consistit in credentium voluntate, ut Augustinus dicit,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3025 in libro de Praed. Sanct. Ergo fides potest esse ab homine
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3026 acquisita.</p><p title="II-II q. 6 a. 1 s. c."><a name="39052"><span class="ref">[39052] IIª-IIae q. 6 a. 1 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3027 est quod dicitur ad Ephes. II, <i>gratia estis salvati per fidem,
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3028 et non ex vobis, ne quis glorietur, Dei enim donum est</i>.</p><p title="II-II q. 6 a. 1 co."><a name="39053"><span class="ref">[39053] IIª-IIae q. 6 a. 1 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3029 dicendum quod ad fidem duo requiruntur. Quorum unum est ut homini
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3030 credibilia proponantur, quod requiritur ad hoc quod homo aliquid
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3031 explicite credat. Aliud autem quod ad fidem requiritur est assensus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3032 credentis ad ea quae proponuntur. Quantum igitur ad primum horum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3033 necesse est quod fides sit a Deo. Ea enim quae sunt fidei excedunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3034 rationem humanam, unde non cadunt in contemplatione hominis nisi
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3035 Deo revelante. Sed quibusdam quidem revelantur immediate a Deo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3036 sicut sunt revelata apostolis et prophetis, quibusdam autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3037 proponuntur a Deo mittente fidei praedicatores, secundum illud Rom.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3038 X, <i>quomodo praedicabunt nisi mittantur?</i> Quantum vero ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3039 secundum, scilicet ad assensum hominis in ea quae sunt fidei,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3040 potest considerari duplex causa. Una quidem exterius inducens,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3041 sicut miraculum visum, vel persuasio hominis inducentis ad fidem.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3042 Quorum neutrum est sufficiens causa, videntium enim unum et idem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3043 miraculum, et audientium eandem praedicationem, quidam credunt et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3044 quidam non credunt. Et ideo oportet ponere aliam causam interiorem,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3045 quae movet hominem interius ad assentiendum his quae sunt fidei.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3046 Hanc autem causam Pelagiani ponebant solum liberum arbitrium
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3047 hominis, et propter hoc dicebant quod initium fidei est ex nobis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3048 inquantum scilicet ex nobis est quod parati sumus ad assentiendum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3049 his quae sunt fidei; sed consummatio fidei est a Deo, per quem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3050 nobis proponuntur ea quae credere debemus. Sed hoc est falsum. Quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3051 cum homo, assentiendo his quae sunt fidei, elevetur supra naturam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3052 suam, oportet quod hoc insit ei ex supernaturali principio interius
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3053 movente, quod est Deus. Et ideo fides quantum ad assensum, qui est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3054 principalis actus fidei, est a Deo interius movente per
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3055 gratiam.</p><p title="II-II q. 6 a. 1 ad 1"><a name="39054"><span class="ref">[39054] IIª-IIae q. 6 a. 1 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3056 ergo dicendum quod per scientiam gignitur fides et nutritur per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3057 modum exterioris persuasionis, quae fit ab aliqua scientia. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3058 principalis et propria causa fidei est id quod interius movet ad
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3059 assentiendum.</p><p title="II-II q. 6 a. 1 ad 2"><a name="39055"><span class="ref">[39055] IIª-IIae q. 6 a. 1 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3060 dicendum quod etiam ratio illa procedit de causa proponente
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3061 exterius ea quae sunt fidei, vel persuadente ad credendum vel verbo
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3062 vel facto.</p><p title="II-II q. 6 a. 1 ad 3"><a name="39056"><span class="ref">[39056] IIª-IIae q. 6 a. 1 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3063 dicendum quod credere quidem in voluntate credentium consistit, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3064 oportet quod voluntas hominis praeparetur a Deo per gratiam ad hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3065 quod elevetur in ea quae sunt supra naturam, ut supra dictum
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3066 est.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 2</h3><p title="II-II q. 6 a. 2 arg. 1"><a name="39057"><span class="ref">[39057] IIª-IIae q. 6 a. 2 arg. 1</span></a> Ad secundum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3067 sic proceditur. Videtur quod fides informis non sit donum Dei.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3068 Dicitur enim Deut. XXXII, quod Dei perfecta sunt opera. Fides autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3069 informis est quiddam imperfectum. Ergo fides informis non est opus
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3070 Dei.</p><p title="II-II q. 6 a. 2 arg. 2"><a name="39058"><span class="ref">[39058] IIª-IIae q. 6 a. 2 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3071 sicut actus dicitur deformis propter hoc quod caret debita forma,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3072 ita etiam fides dicitur informis propter hoc quod caret debita
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3073 forma. Sed actus deformis peccati non est a Deo, ut supra dictum
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3074 est. Ergo neque etiam fides informis est a Deo.</p><p title="II-II q. 6 a. 2 arg. 3"><a name="39059"><span class="ref">[39059] IIª-IIae q. 6 a. 2 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3075 quaecumque Deus sanat totaliter sanat, dicitur enim Ioan. VII,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3076 <i>si circumcisionem accipit homo in sabbato ut non solvatur lex
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3077 Moysi, mihi indignamini quia totum hominem salvum feci in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3078 sabbato</i>. Sed per fidem homo sanatur ab infidelitate. Quicumque
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3079 ergo donum fidei a Deo accipit simul sanatur ab omnibus peccatis.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3080 Sed hoc non fit nisi per fidem formatam. Ergo sola fides formata
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3081 est donum Dei. Non ergo fides informis.</p><p title="II-II q. 6 a. 2 s. c."><a name="39060"><span class="ref">[39060] IIª-IIae q. 6 a. 2 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3082 est quod quaedam Glossa dicit, I ad Cor. XIII, quod <i>fides quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3083 est sine caritate est donum Dei</i>. Sed fides quae est sine
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3084 caritate est fides informis. Ergo fides informis est donum Dei.</p><p title="II-II q. 6 a. 2 co."><a name="39061"><span class="ref">[39061] IIª-IIae q. 6 a. 2 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3085 dicendum quod informitas privatio quaedam est. Est autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3086 considerandum quod privatio quandoque quidem pertinet ad rationem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3087 speciei, quandoque autem non, sed supervenit rei iam habenti
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3088 propriam speciem. Sicut privatio debitae commensurationis humorum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3089 est de ratione speciei ipsius aegritudinis, tenebrositas autem non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3090 est de ratione speciei ipsius diaphani, sed supervenit. Quia igitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3091 cum assignatur causa alicuius rei, intelligitur assignari causa
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3092 eius secundum quod in propria specie existit, ideo quod non est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3093 causa privationis non potest dici esse causa illius rei ad quam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3094 pertinet privatio sicut existens de ratione speciei ipsius, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3095 enim potest dici causa aegritudinis quod non est causa
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3096 distemperantiae humorum. Potest tamen aliquid dici esse causa
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3097 diaphani quamvis non sit causa obscuritatis, quae non est de
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3098 ratione speciei diaphani. Informitas autem fidei non pertinet ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3099 rationem speciei ipsius fidei, cum fides dicatur informis propter
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3100 defectum cuiusdam exterioris formae, sicut dictum est. Et ideo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3101 illud est causa fidei informis quod est causa fidei simpliciter
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3102 dictae. Hoc autem est Deus, ut dictum est. Unde relinquitur quod
53
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parents: 28
diff changeset
3103 fides informis sit donum Dei.</p><p title="II-II q. 6 a. 2 ad 1"><a name="39062"><span class="ref">[39062] IIª-IIae q. 6 a. 2 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3104 ergo dicendum quod fides informis, etsi non sit perfecta
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3105 simpliciter perfectione virtutis, est tamen perfecta quadam
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
3106 perfectione quae sufficit ad fidei rationem.</p><p title="II-II q. 6 a. 2 ad 2"><a name="39063"><span class="ref">[39063] IIª-IIae q. 6 a. 2 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3107 dicendum quod deformitas actus est de ratione speciei ipsius actus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3108 secundum quod est actus moralis, ut supra dictum est, dicitur enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3109 actus deformis per privationem formae intrinsecae, quae est debita
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3110 commensuratio circumstantiarum actus. Et ideo non potest dici causa
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3111 actus deformis Deus, qui non est causa deformitatis, licet sit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3112 causa actus inquantum est actus. Vel dicendum quod deformitas non
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3113 solum importat privationem debitae formae, sed etiam contrariam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3114 dispositionem. Unde deformitas se habet ad actum sicut falsitas ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3115 fidem. Et ideo sicut actus deformis non est a Deo, ita nec aliqua
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3116 fides falsa. Et sicut fides informis est a Deo, ita etiam actus qui
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3117 sunt boni ex genere, quamvis non sint caritate formati, sicut
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
3118 plerumque in peccatoribus contingit.</p><p title="II-II q. 6 a. 2 ad 3"><a name="39064"><span class="ref">[39064] IIª-IIae q. 6 a. 2 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3119 dicendum quod ille qui accipit a Deo fidem absque caritate non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3120 simpliciter sanatur ab infidelitate, quia non removetur culpa
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3121 praecedentis infidelitatis, sed sanatur secundum quid, ut scilicet
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3122 cesset a tali peccato. Hoc autem frequenter contingit, quod aliquis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3123 desistit ab uno actu peccati, etiam Deo hoc faciente, qui tamen ab
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3124 actu alterius peccati non desistit, propria iniquitate suggerente.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3125 Et per hunc modum datur aliquando a Deo homini quod credat, non
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3126 tamen datur ei caritatis donum, sicut etiam aliquibus absque
53
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parents: 28
diff changeset
3127 caritate datur donum prophetiae vel aliquid simile.</p></div></div><div class="q" id="q7"><h2>Quaestio 7</h2><div class="p"><h3>Prooemium</h3><p title="II-II q. 7 pr."><a name="39065"><span class="ref">[39065]
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3128 IIª-IIae q. 7 pr.</span></a> Deinde considerandum est de
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3129 effectibus fidei. Et circa hoc quaeruntur duo. Primo, utrum timor
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3130 sit effectus fidei. Secundo, utrum purificatio cordis sit effectus
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
3131 fidei.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 1</h3><p title="II-II q. 7 a. 1 arg. 1"><a name="39066"><span class="ref">[39066] IIª-IIae q. 7 a. 1 arg. 1</span></a> Ad primum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3132 sic proceditur. Videtur quod timor non sit effectus fidei. Effectus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3133 enim non praecedit causam. Sed timor praecedit fidem, dicitur enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3134 Eccli. II, <i>qui timetis Deum, credite illi</i>. Ergo timor non
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
3135 est effectus fidei.</p><p title="II-II q. 7 a. 1 arg. 2"><a name="39067"><span class="ref">[39067] IIª-IIae q. 7 a. 1 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3136 idem non est causa contrariorum. Sed timor et spes sunt contraria,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3137 ut supra dictum est, fides autem generat spem, ut dicitur in
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
3138 Glossa, Matth. I. Ergo non est causa timoris.</p><p title="II-II q. 7 a. 1 arg. 3"><a name="39068"><span class="ref">[39068] IIª-IIae q. 7 a. 1 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3139 contrarium non est causa contrarii. Sed obiectum fidei est quoddam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3140 bonum, quod est veritas prima, obiectum autem timoris est malum, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3141 supra dictum est. Actus autem habent speciem ex obiectis, secundum
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
3142 supradicta. Ergo fides non est causa timoris.</p><p title="II-II q. 7 a. 1 s. c."><a name="39069"><span class="ref">[39069] IIª-IIae q. 7 a. 1 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3143 est quod dicitur Iac. II, <i>Daemones credunt et
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3144 contremiscunt</i>.</p><p title="II-II q. 7 a. 1 co."><a name="39070"><span class="ref">[39070] IIª-IIae q. 7 a. 1 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3145 dicendum quod timor est quidam motus appetitivae virtutis, ut supra
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3146 dictum est. Omnium autem appetitivorum motuum principium est bonum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3147 vel malum apprehensum. Unde oportet quod timoris et omnium
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3148 appetitivorum motuum sit principium aliqua apprehensio. Per fidem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3149 autem fit in nobis quaedam apprehensio de quibusdam malis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3150 poenalibus quae secundum divinum iudicium inferuntur, et per hunc
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3151 modum fides est causa timoris quo quis timet a Deo puniri, qui est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3152 timor servilis. Est etiam causa timoris filialis, quo quis timet
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3153 separari a Deo, vel quo quis refugit se Deo comparare reverendo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3154 ipsum; inquantum per fidem hanc existimationem habemus de Deo, quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3155 sit quoddam immensum et altissimum bonum, a quo separari est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3156 pessimum et cui velle aequari est malum. Sed primi timoris,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3157 scilicet servilis, est causa fides informis. Sed secundi timoris,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3158 scilicet filialis, est causa fides formata, quae per caritatem
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
3159 facit hominem Deo inhaerere et ei subiici.</p><p title="II-II q. 7 a. 1 ad 1"><a name="39071"><span class="ref">[39071] IIª-IIae q. 7 a. 1 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3160 ergo dicendum quod timor Dei non potest universaliter praecedere
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3161 fidem, quia si omnino eius ignorantiam haberemus quantum ad praemia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3162 vel poenas de quibus per fidem instruimur, nullo modo eum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3163 timeremus. Sed supposita fide de aliquibus articulis fidei, puta de
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3164 excellentia divina, sequitur timor reverentiae, ex quo sequitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3165 ulterius ut homo intellectum suum Deo subiiciat ad credendum omnia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3166 quae sunt promissa a Deo. Unde ibi sequitur, <i>et non evacuabitur
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
3167 merces vestra</i>.</p><p title="II-II q. 7 a. 1 ad 2"><a name="39072"><span class="ref">[39072] IIª-IIae q. 7 a. 1 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3168 dicendum quod idem secundum contraria potest esse contrariorum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3169 causa, non autem idem secundum idem. Fides autem generat spem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3170 secundum quod facit nobis existimationem de praemiis quae Deus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3171 retribuit iustis. Est autem causa timoris secundum quod facit nobis
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3172 aestimationem de poenis quas peccatoribus infliget.</p><p title="II-II q. 7 a. 1 ad 3"><a name="39073"><span class="ref">[39073] IIª-IIae q. 7 a. 1 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3173 dicendum quod obiectum fidei primum et formale est bonum quod est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3174 veritas prima. Sed materialiter fidei proponuntur credenda etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3175 quaedam mala, puta quod malum sit Deo non subiici vel ab eo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3176 separari, et quod peccatores poenalia mala sustinebunt a Deo. Et
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
3177 secundum hoc fides potest esse causa timoris.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 2</h3><p title="II-II q. 7 a. 2 arg. 1"><a name="39074"><span class="ref">[39074] IIª-IIae q. 7 a. 2 arg. 1</span></a> Ad secundum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3178 sic proceditur. Videtur quod purificatio cordis non sit effectus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3179 fidei. Puritas enim cordis praecipue in affectu consistit. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3180 fides in intellectu est. Ergo fides non causat cordis
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3181 purificationem.</p><p title="II-II q. 7 a. 2 arg. 2"><a name="39075"><span class="ref">[39075] IIª-IIae q. 7 a. 2 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3182 illud quod causat cordis purificationem non potest simul esse cum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3183 impuritate. Sed fides simul potest esse cum impuritate peccati,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3184 sicut patet in illis qui habent fidem informem. Ergo fides non
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3185 purificat cor.</p><p title="II-II q. 7 a. 2 arg. 3"><a name="39076"><span class="ref">[39076] IIª-IIae q. 7 a. 2 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3186 si fides aliquo modo purificaret cor humanum, maxime purificaret
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3187 hominis intellectum. Sed intellectum non purificat ab obscuritate,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3188 cum sit cognitio aenigmatica. Ergo fides nullo modo purificat
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3189 cor.</p><p title="II-II q. 7 a. 2 s. c."><a name="39077"><span class="ref">[39077] IIª-IIae q. 7 a. 2 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3190 est quod dicit Petrus, Act. XV, <i>fide purificans corda
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3191 eorum</i>.</p><p title="II-II q. 7 a. 2 co."><a name="39078"><span class="ref">[39078] IIª-IIae q. 7 a. 2 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3192 dicendum quod impuritas uniuscuiusque rei consistit in hoc quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3193 rebus vilioribus immiscetur, non enim dicitur argentum esse impurum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3194 ex permixtione auri, per quam melius redditur, sed ex permixtione
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3195 plumbi vel stanni. Manifestum est autem quod rationalis creatura
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3196 dignior est omnibus temporalibus et corporalibus creaturis. Et ideo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3197 impura redditur ex hoc quod temporalibus se subiicit per amorem. A
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3198 qua quidem impuritate purificatur per contrarium motum, dum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3199 scilicet tendit in id quod est supra se, scilicet in Deum. In quo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3200 quidem motu primum principium est fides, <i>accedentem enim ad Deum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3201 oportet credere</i>, ut dicitur Heb. XI. Et ideo primum principium
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3202 purificationis cordis est fides, quae si perficiatur per caritatem
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3203 formatam, perfectam purificationem causat.</p><p title="II-II q. 7 a. 2 ad 1"><a name="39079"><span class="ref">[39079] IIª-IIae q. 7 a. 2 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3204 ergo dicendum quod ea quae sunt in intellectu sunt principia eorum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3205 quae sunt in affectu, inquantum scilicet bonum intellectum movet
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3206 affectum.</p><p title="II-II q. 7 a. 2 ad 2"><a name="39080"><span class="ref">[39080] IIª-IIae q. 7 a. 2 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3207 dicendum quod fides etiam informis excludit quandam impuritatem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3208 sibi oppositam, scilicet impuritatem erroris, quae contingit ex hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3209 quod intellectus humanus inordinate inhaeret rebus se inferioribus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3210 dum scilicet vult secundum rationes rerum sensibilium metiri
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3211 divina. Sed quando per caritatem formatur, tunc nullam impuritatem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3212 secum compatitur, <i>quia universa delicta operit caritas</i>, ut
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
3213 dicitur Prov. X.</p><p title="II-II q. 7 a. 2 ad 3"><a name="39081"><span class="ref">[39081] IIª-IIae q. 7 a. 2 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3214 dicendum quod obscuritas fidei non pertinet ad impuritatem culpae,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3215 sed magis ad naturalem defectum intellectus humani, secundum statum
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3216 praesentis vitae.</p></div></div><div class="q" id="q8"><h2>Quaestio 8</h2><div class="p"><h3>Prooemium</h3><p title="II-II q. 8 pr."><a name="39082"><span class="ref">[39082]
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3217 IIª-IIae q. 8 pr.</span></a> Deinde considerandum est de dono
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3218 intellectus et scientiae, quae respondent virtuti fidei. Et circa
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3219 donum intellectus quaeruntur octo. Primo, utrum intellectus sit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3220 donum spiritus sancti. Secundo, utrum possit simul esse in eodem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3221 cum fide. Tertio, utrum intellectus qui est donum sit speculativus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3222 tantum, vel etiam practicus. Quarto, utrum omnes qui sunt in gratia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3223 habeant donum intellectus. Quinto, utrum hoc donum inveniatur in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3224 aliquibus absque gratia. Sexto, quomodo se habeat donum intellectus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3225 ad alia dona. Septimo, de eo quod respondet huic dono in
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3226 beatitudinibus. Octavo, de eo quod respondet ei in fructibus.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 1</h3><p title="II-II q. 8 a. 1 arg. 1"><a name="39083"><span class="ref">[39083] IIª-IIae q. 8 a. 1 arg. 1</span></a> Ad primum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3227 sic proceditur. Videtur quod intellectus non sit donum spiritus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3228 sancti. Dona enim gratuita distinguuntur a donis naturalibus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3229 superadduntur enim eis. Sed intellectus est quidam habitus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3230 naturalis in anima, quo cognoscuntur principia naturaliter nota, ut
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3231 patet in VI Ethic. Ergo non debet poni donum spiritus sancti.</p><p title="II-II q. 8 a. 1 arg. 2"><a name="39084"><span class="ref">[39084] IIª-IIae q. 8 a. 1 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3232 dona divina participantur a creaturis secundum earum proportionem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3233 et modum, ut patet per Dionysium, in libro de Div. Nom. Sed modus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3234 humanae naturae est ut non simpliciter veritatem cognoscat, quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3235 pertinet ad rationem intellectus, sed discursive, quod est proprium
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3236 rationis, ut patet per Dionysium, in VII cap. de Div. Nom. Ergo
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3237 cognitio divina quae hominibus datur magis debet dici donum
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3238 rationis quam intellectus.</p><p title="II-II q. 8 a. 1 arg. 3"><a name="39085"><span class="ref">[39085] IIª-IIae q. 8 a. 1 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3239 in potentiis animae intellectus contra voluntatem dividitur, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3240 patet in III de anima. Sed nullum donum spiritus sancti dicitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3241 voluntas. Ergo etiam nullum donum spiritus sancti debet dici
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3242 intellectus.</p><p title="II-II q. 8 a. 1 s. c."><a name="39086"><span class="ref">[39086] IIª-IIae q. 8 a. 1 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3243 est quod dicitur Isaiae XI, <i>requiescet super eum spiritus
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3244 domini, spiritus sapientiae et intellectus</i>.</p><p title="II-II q. 8 a. 1 co."><a name="39087"><span class="ref">[39087] IIª-IIae q. 8 a. 1 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3245 dicendum quod nomen intellectus quandam intimam cognitionem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3246 importat, dicitur enim intelligere quasi intus legere. Et hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3247 manifeste patet considerantibus differentiam intellectus et sensus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3248 nam cognitio sensitiva occupatur circa qualitates sensibiles
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3249 exteriores; cognitio autem intellectiva penetrat usque ad essentiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3250 rei, obiectum enim intellectus est quod quid est, ut dicitur in III
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3251 de anima. Sunt autem multa genera eorum quae interius latent, ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3252 quae oportet cognitionem hominis quasi intrinsecus penetrare. Nam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3253 sub accidentibus latet natura rerum substantialis, sub verbis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3254 latent significata verborum, sub similitudinibus et figuris latet
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3255 veritas figurata, res etiam intelligibiles sunt quodammodo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3256 interiores respectu rerum sensibilium quae exterius sentiuntur, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3257 in causis latent effectus et e converso. Unde respectu horum omnium
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3258 potest dici intellectus. Sed cum cognitio hominis a sensu incipiat,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3259 quasi ab exteriori, manifestum est quod quanto lumen intellectus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3260 est fortius, tanto potest magis ad intima penetrare. Lumen autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3261 naturale nostri intellectus est finitae virtutis, unde usque ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3262 determinatum aliquid pertingere potest. Indiget igitur homo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3263 supernaturali lumine ut ulterius penetret ad cognoscendum quaedam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3264 quae per lumen naturale cognoscere non valet. Et illud lumen
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3265 supernaturale homini datum vocatur donum intellectus.</p><p title="II-II q. 8 a. 1 ad 1"><a name="39088"><span class="ref">[39088] IIª-IIae q. 8 a. 1 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3266 ergo dicendum quod per lumen naturale nobis inditum statim
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3267 cognoscuntur quaedam principia communia quae sunt naturaliter nota.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3268 Sed quia homo ordinatur ad beatitudinem supernaturalem, ut supra
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3269 dictum est, necesse est quod homo ulterius pertingat ad quaedam
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3270 altiora. Et ad hoc requiritur donum intellectus.</p><p title="II-II q. 8 a. 1 ad 2"><a name="39089"><span class="ref">[39089] IIª-IIae q. 8 a. 1 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3271 dicendum quod discursus rationis semper incipit ab intellectu et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3272 terminatur ad intellectum, ratiocinamur enim procedendo ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3273 quibusdam intellectis, et tunc rationis discursus perficitur quando
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3274 ad hoc pervenimus ut intelligamus illud quod prius erat ignotum.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3275 Quod ergo ratiocinamur ex aliquo praecedenti intellectu procedit.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3276 Donum autem gratiae non procedit ex lumine naturae, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3277 superadditur ei, quasi perficiens ipsum. Et ideo ista superadditio
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3278 non dicitur ratio, sed magis intellectus, quia ita se habet lumen
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3279 superadditum ad ea quae nobis supernaturaliter innotescunt sicut se
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3280 habet lumen naturale ad ea quae primordialiter cognoscimus.</p><p title="II-II q. 8 a. 1 ad 3"><a name="39090"><span class="ref">[39090] IIª-IIae q. 8 a. 1 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3281 dicendum quod voluntas nominat simpliciter appetitivum motum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3282 absque determinatione alicuius excellentiae. Sed intellectus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3283 nominat quandam excellentiam cognitionis penetrandi ad intima. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3284 ideo supernaturale donum magis nominatur nomine intellectus quam
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3285 nomine voluntatis.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 2</h3><p title="II-II q. 8 a. 2 arg. 1"><a name="39091"><span class="ref">[39091] IIª-IIae q. 8 a. 2 arg. 1</span></a> Ad secundum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3286 sic proceditur. Videtur quod donum intellectus non simul habeatur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3287 cum fide. Dicit enim Augustinus, in libro octogintatrium quaest.,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3288 <i>id quod intelligitur intelligentis comprehensione finitur</i>.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3289 Sed id quod creditur non comprehenditur, secundum illud apostoli,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3290 ad Philipp. III, <i>non quod iam comprehenderim aut perfectus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3291 sim</i>. Ergo videtur quod fides et intellectus non possint esse in
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3292 eodem.</p><p title="II-II q. 8 a. 2 arg. 2"><a name="39092"><span class="ref">[39092] IIª-IIae q. 8 a. 2 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3293 omne quod intelligitur intellectu videtur. Sed fides est de non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3294 apparentibus, ut supra dictum est. Ergo fides non potest simul esse
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3295 in eodem cum intellectu.</p><p title="II-II q. 8 a. 2 arg. 3"><a name="39093"><span class="ref">[39093] IIª-IIae q. 8 a. 2 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3296 intellectus est certior quam scientia. Sed scientia et fides non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3297 possunt esse de eodem, ut supra habitum est. Multo ergo minus
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3298 intellectus et fides.</p><p title="II-II q. 8 a. 2 s. c."><a name="39094"><span class="ref">[39094] IIª-IIae q. 8 a. 2 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3299 est quod Gregorius dicit, in libro Moral., quod <i>intellectus de
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3300 auditis mentem illustrat</i>. Sed aliquis habens fidem potest esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3301 illustratus mente circa audita, unde dicitur Luc. ult. quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3302 <i>dominus aperuit discipulis suis sensum ut intelligerent
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3303 Scripturas</i>. Ergo intellectus potest simul esse cum fide.</p><p title="II-II q. 8 a. 2 co."><a name="39095"><span class="ref">[39095] IIª-IIae q. 8 a. 2 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3304 dicendum quod hic duplici distinctione est opus, una quidem ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3305 parte fidei; alia autem ex parte intellectus. Ex parte quidem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3306 fidei, distinguendum est quod quaedam per se et directe cadunt sub
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3307 fide, quae naturalem rationem excedunt, sicut Deum esse trinum et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3308 unum, filium Dei esse incarnatum. Quaedam vero cadunt sub fide
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3309 quasi ordinata ad ista secundum aliquem modum, sicut omnia quae in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3310 Scriptura divina continentur. Ex parte vero intellectus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3311 distinguendum est quod dupliciter dici possumus aliqua intelligere.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3312 Uno modo, perfecte, quando scilicet pertingimus ad cognoscendum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3313 essentiam rei intellectae, et ipsam veritatem enuntiabilis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3314 intellecti, secundum quod in se est. Et hoc modo ea quae directe
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3315 cadunt sub fide intelligere non possumus, durante statu fidei. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3316 quaedam alia ad fidem ordinata etiam hoc modo intelligi possunt.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3317 Alio modo contingit aliquid intelligi imperfecte, quando scilicet
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3318 ipsa essentia rei, vel veritas propositionis, non cognoscitur quid
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3319 sit aut quomodo sit, sed tamen cognoscitur quod ea quae exterius
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3320 apparent veritati non contrariantur; inquantum scilicet homo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3321 intelligit quod propter ea quae exterius apparent non est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3322 recedendum ab his quae sunt fidei. Et secundum hoc nihil prohibet,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3323 durante statu fidei, intelligere etiam ea quae per se sub fide
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3324 cadunt.</p><p title="II-II q. 8 a. 2 ad 1"><a name="39096"><span class="ref">[39096] IIª-IIae q. 8 a. 2 ad 1</span></a> Et per hoc
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3325 patet responsio ad obiecta. Nam primae tres rationes procedunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3326 secundum quod aliquid perfecte intelligitur. Ultima autem ratio
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3327 procedit de intellectu eorum quae ordinantur ad fidem.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 3</h3><p title="II-II q. 8 a. 3 arg. 1"><a name="39097"><span class="ref">[39097] IIª-IIae q. 8 a. 3 arg. 1</span></a> Ad tertium
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3328 sic proceditur. Videtur quod intellectus qui ponitur donum spiritus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3329 sancti non sit practicus, sed speculativus tantum. Intellectus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3330 enim, ut Gregorius dicit, in I Moral., altiora quaedam penetrat.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3331 Sed ea quae pertinent ad intellectum practicum non sunt alta, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3332 quaedam infima, scilicet singularia, circa quae sunt actus. Ergo
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3333 intellectus qui ponitur donum non est intellectus practicus.</p><p title="II-II q. 8 a. 3 arg. 2"><a name="39098"><span class="ref">[39098] IIª-IIae q. 8 a. 3 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3334 intellectus qui est donum est dignius aliquid quam intellectus qui
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3335 est virtus intellectualis. Sed intellectus qui est virtus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3336 intellectualis est solum circa necessaria, ut patet per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3337 philosophum, in VI Ethic. Ergo multo magis intellectus qui est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3338 donum est solum circa necessaria. Sed intellectus practicus non est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3339 circa necessaria, sed circa contingentia aliter se habere, quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3340 opere humano fieri possunt. Ergo intellectus qui est donum non est
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3341 intellectus practicus.</p><p title="II-II q. 8 a. 3 arg. 3"><a name="39099"><span class="ref">[39099] IIª-IIae q. 8 a. 3 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3342 donum intellectus illustrat mentem ad ea quae naturalem rationem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3343 excedunt. Sed operabilia humana, quorum est practicus intellectus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3344 non excedunt naturalem rationem, quae dirigit in rebus agendis, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3345 ex supradictis patet. Ergo intellectus qui est donum non est
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3346 intellectus practicus.</p><p title="II-II q. 8 a. 3 s. c."><a name="39100"><span class="ref">[39100] IIª-IIae q. 8 a. 3 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3347 est quod dicitur in Psalm., <i>intellectus bonus omnibus
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3348 facientibus eum</i>.</p><p title="II-II q. 8 a. 3 co."><a name="39101"><span class="ref">[39101] IIª-IIae q. 8 a. 3 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3349 dicendum quod, sicut dictum est, donum intellectus non solum se
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3350 habet ad ea quae primo et principaliter cadunt sub fide, sed etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3351 ad omnia quae ad fidem ordinantur. Operationes autem bonae quendam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3352 ordinem ad fidem habent, nam fides per dilectionem operatur, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3353 apostolus dicit, ad Gal. V. Et ideo donum intellectus etiam ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3354 quaedam operabilia se extendit, non quidem ut circa ea
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3355 principaliter versetur; sed inquantum in agendis regulamur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3356 <i>rationibus aeternis, quibus conspiciendis et consulendis</i>,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3357 secundum Augustinum, XII de Trin., inhaeret superior ratio, quae
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3358 dono intellectus perficitur.</p><p title="II-II q. 8 a. 3 ad 1"><a name="39102"><span class="ref">[39102] IIª-IIae q. 8 a. 3 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3359 ergo dicendum quod operabilia humana, secundum quod in se
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3360 considerantur, non habent aliquam excellentiae altitudinem. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3361 secundum quod referuntur ad regulam legis aeternae et ad finem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3362 beatitudinis divinae, sic altitudinem habent, ut circa ea possit
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3363 esse intellectus.</p><p title="II-II q. 8 a. 3 ad 2"><a name="39103"><span class="ref">[39103] IIª-IIae q. 8 a. 3 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3364 dicendum quod hoc ipsum pertinet ad dignitatem doni quod est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3365 intellectus, quod intelligibilia aeterna vel necessaria considerat
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3366 non solum secundum quod in se sunt, sed etiam secundum quod sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3367 regulae quaedam humanorum actuum, quia quanto virtus cognoscitiva
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3368 ad plura se extendit, tanto nobilior est.</p><p title="II-II q. 8 a. 3 ad 3"><a name="39104"><span class="ref">[39104] IIª-IIae q. 8 a. 3 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3369 dicendum quod regula humanorum actuum est et ratio humana et lex
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3370 aeterna, ut supra dictum est. Lex autem aeterna excedit naturalem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3371 rationem. Et ideo cognitio humanorum actuum secundum quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3372 regulantur a lege aeterna, excedit rationem naturalem, et indiget
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3373 supernaturali lumine doni spiritus sancti.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 4</h3><p title="II-II q. 8 a. 4 arg. 1"><a name="39105"><span class="ref">[39105] IIª-IIae q. 8 a. 4 arg. 1</span></a> Ad quartum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3374 sic proceditur. Videtur quod donum intellectus non insit omnibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3375 hominibus habentibus gratiam. Dicit enim Gregorius, II Moral., quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3376 donum intellectus datur contra hebetudinem mentis. Sed multi
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3377 habentes gratiam adhuc patiuntur mentis hebetudinem. Ergo donum
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3378 intellectus non est in omnibus habentibus gratiam.</p><p title="II-II q. 8 a. 4 arg. 2"><a name="39106"><span class="ref">[39106] IIª-IIae q. 8 a. 4 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3379 inter ea quae ad cognitionem pertinent sola fides videtur esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3380 necessaria ad salutem, quia per fidem Christus habitat in cordibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3381 nostris, ut dicitur ad Ephes. III. Sed non omnes habentes fidem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3382 habent donum intellectus, immo qui credunt, debent orare ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3383 intelligant, sicut Augustinus dicit, in libro de Trin. Ergo donum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3384 intellectus non est necessarium ad salutem. Non ergo est in omnibus
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3385 habentibus gratiam.</p><p title="II-II q. 8 a. 4 arg. 3"><a name="39107"><span class="ref">[39107] IIª-IIae q. 8 a. 4 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3386 ea quae sunt communia omnibus habentibus gratiam nunquam ab
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3387 habentibus gratiam subtrahuntur. Sed gratia intellectus et aliorum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3388 donorum <i>aliquando se utiliter subtrahit, quandoque enim, dum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3389 sublimia intelligendo in elationem se animus erigit, in rebus imis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3390 et vilibus gravi hebetudine pigrescit</i>, ut Gregorius dicit, in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3391 II Moral. Ergo donum intellectus non est in omnibus habentibus
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3392 gratiam.</p><p title="II-II q. 8 a. 4 s. c."><a name="39108"><span class="ref">[39108] IIª-IIae q. 8 a. 4 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3393 est quod dicitur in Psalm., <i>nescierunt neque intellexerunt, in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3394 tenebris ambulant</i>. Sed nullus habens gratiam ambulat in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3395 tenebris, secundum illud Ioan. VIII, <i>qui sequitur me non ambulat
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3396 in tenebris</i>. Ergo nullus habens gratiam caret dono
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3397 intellectus.</p><p title="II-II q. 8 a. 4 co."><a name="39109"><span class="ref">[39109] IIª-IIae q. 8 a. 4 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3398 dicendum quod in omnibus habentibus gratiam necesse est esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3399 rectitudinem voluntatis, quia <i>per gratiam praeparatur voluntas
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3400 hominis ad bonum</i>, ut Augustinus dicit. Voluntas autem non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3401 potest recte ordinari in bonum nisi praeexistente aliqua cognitione
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3402 veritatis, quia obiectum voluntatis est bonum intellectum, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3403 dicitur in III de anima. Sicut autem per donum caritatis spiritus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3404 sanctus ordinat voluntatem hominis ut directe moveatur in bonum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3405 quoddam supernaturale, ita etiam per donum intellectus illustrat
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3406 mentem hominis ut cognoscat veritatem quandam supernaturalem, in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3407 quam oportet tendere voluntatem rectam. Et ideo, sicut donum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3408 caritatis est in omnibus habentibus gratiam gratum facientem, ita
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3409 etiam donum intellectus.</p><p title="II-II q. 8 a. 4 ad 1"><a name="39110"><span class="ref">[39110] IIª-IIae q. 8 a. 4 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3410 ergo dicendum quod aliqui habentes gratiam gratum facientem possunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3411 pati hebetudinem circa aliqua quae sunt praeter necessitatem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3412 salutis. Sed circa ea quae sunt de necessitate salutis sufficienter
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3413 instruuntur a spiritu sancto, secundum illud I Ioan. II, <i>unctio
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3414 docet vos de omnibus</i>.</p><p title="II-II q. 8 a. 4 ad 2"><a name="39111"><span class="ref">[39111] IIª-IIae q. 8 a. 4 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3415 dicendum quod etsi non omnes habentes fidem plene intelligant ea
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3416 quae proponuntur credenda, intelligunt tamen ea esse credenda, et
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3417 quod ab eis pro nullo est deviandum.</p><p title="II-II q. 8 a. 4 ad 3"><a name="39112"><span class="ref">[39112] IIª-IIae q. 8 a. 4 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3418 dicendum quod donum intellectus nunquam se subtrahit sanctis circa
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3419 ea quae sunt necessaria ad salutem. Sed circa alia interdum se
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3420 subtrahit, ut non omnia ad liquidum per intellectum penetrare
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3421 possint, ad hoc quod superbiae materia subtrahatur.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 5</h3><p title="II-II q. 8 a. 5 arg. 1"><a name="39113"><span class="ref">[39113] IIª-IIae q. 8 a. 5 arg. 1</span></a> Ad quintum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3422 sic proceditur. Videtur quod intellectus donum inveniatur etiam in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3423 non habentibus gratiam gratum facientem. Augustinus enim, exponens
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3424 illud Psalm., <i>concupivit anima mea desiderare iustificationes
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3425 tuas</i>, dicit quod <i>praevolat intellectus, sequitur tardus aut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3426 nullus affectus</i>. Sed in omnibus habentibus gratiam gratum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3427 facientem est promptus affectus, propter caritatem. Ergo donum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3428 intellectus potest esse in his qui non habent gratiam gratum
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3429 facientem.</p><p title="II-II q. 8 a. 5 arg. 2"><a name="39114"><span class="ref">[39114] IIª-IIae q. 8 a. 5 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3430 Danielis X dicitur quod intelligentia opus est in visione
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3431 prophetica, et ita videtur quod prophetia non sit sine dono
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3432 intellectus. Sed prophetia potest esse sine gratia gratum faciente,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3433 ut patet Matth. VII, ubi dicentibus, in nomine tuo prophetavimus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3434 respondetur, nunquam novi vos. Ergo donum intellectus potest esse
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3435 sine gratia gratum faciente.</p><p title="II-II q. 8 a. 5 arg. 3"><a name="39115"><span class="ref">[39115] IIª-IIae q. 8 a. 5 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3436 donum intellectus respondet virtuti fidei, secundum illud Isaiae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3437 VII, secundum aliam litteram, <i>nisi credideritis, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3438 intelligetis</i>. Sed fides potest esse sine gratia gratum
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3439 faciente. Ergo etiam donum intellectus.</p><p title="II-II q. 8 a. 5 s. c."><a name="39116"><span class="ref">[39116] IIª-IIae q. 8 a. 5 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3440 est quod dominus dicit, Ioan. VI, <i>omnis qui audivit a patre et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3441 didicit, venit ad me</i>. Sed per intellectum audita addiscimus vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3442 penetramus, ut patet per Gregorium, in I Moral. Ergo quicumque
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3443 habet intellectus donum venit ad Christum. Quod non est sine gratia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3444 gratum faciente. Ergo donum intellectus non est sine gratia gratum
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3445 faciente.</p><p title="II-II q. 8 a. 5 co."><a name="39117"><span class="ref">[39117] IIª-IIae q. 8 a. 5 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3446 dicendum quod, sicut supra dictum est, dona spiritus sancti
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3447 perficiunt animam secundum quod est bene mobilis a spiritu sancto.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3448 Sic ergo intellectuale lumen gratiae ponitur donum intellectus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3449 inquantum intellectus hominis est bene mobilis a spiritu sancto.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3450 Huius autem motus consideratio in hoc est quod homo apprehendat
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3451 veritatem circa finem. Unde nisi usque ad hoc moveatur a spiritu
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3452 sancto intellectus humanus ut rectam aestimationem de fine habeat,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3453 nondum assecutus est donum intellectus; quantumcumque ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3454 illustratione spiritus alia quaedam praeambula cognoscat. Rectam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3455 aut aestimationem de ultimo fine non habet nisi ille qui circa
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3456 finem non errat, sed ei firmiter inhaeret tanquam optimo. Quod est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3457 solum habentis gratiam gratum facientem, sicut etiam in moralibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3458 rectam aestimationem habet homo de fine per habitum virtutis. Unde
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3459 donum intellectus nullus habet sine gratia gratum faciente.</p><p title="II-II q. 8 a. 5 ad 1"><a name="39118"><span class="ref">[39118] IIª-IIae q. 8 a. 5 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3460 ergo dicendum quod Augustinus intellectum nominat quamcumque
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3461 illustrationem intellectualem. Quae tamen non pertingit ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3462 perfectam doni rationem nisi usque ad hoc mens hominis deducatur ut
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3463 rectam aestimationem habeat homo circa finem.</p><p title="II-II q. 8 a. 5 ad 2"><a name="39119"><span class="ref">[39119] IIª-IIae q. 8 a. 5 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3464 dicendum quod intelligentia quae necessaria est ad prophetiam est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3465 quaedam illustratio mentis circa ea quae prophetis revelantur. Non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3466 est autem illustratio mentis circa aestimationem rectam de ultimo
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3467 fine, quae pertinet ad donum intellectus.</p><p title="II-II q. 8 a. 5 ad 3"><a name="39120"><span class="ref">[39120] IIª-IIae q. 8 a. 5 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3468 dicendum quod fides importat solum assensum ad ea quae proponuntur.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3469 Sed intellectus importat quandam perceptionem veritatis, quae non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3470 potest esse circa finem nisi in eo qui habet gratiam gratum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3471 facientem, ut dictum est. Et ideo non est similis ratio de
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3472 intellectu et fide.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 6</h3><p title="II-II q. 8 a. 6 arg. 1"><a name="39121"><span class="ref">[39121] IIª-IIae q. 8 a. 6 arg. 1</span></a> Ad sextum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3473 sic proceditur. Videtur quod donum intellectus non distinguatur ab
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3474 aliis donis. Quorum enim opposita sunt eadem, ipsa quoque sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3475 eadem. Sed sapientiae opponitur stultitia, hebetudini intellectus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3476 praecipitationi consilium, ignorantiae scientia, ut patet per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3477 Gregorium, II Moral. Non videntur autem differre stultitia,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3478 hebetudo, ignorantia et praecipitatio. Ergo nec intellectus
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3479 distinguitur ab aliis donis.</p><p title="II-II q. 8 a. 6 arg. 2"><a name="39122"><span class="ref">[39122] IIª-IIae q. 8 a. 6 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3480 intellectus qui ponitur virtus intellectualis differt ab aliis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3481 intellectualibus virtutibus per hoc sibi proprium, quod est circa
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3482 principia per se nota. Sed donum intellectus non est circa aliqua
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3483 principia per se nota, quia ad ea quae naturaliter per se
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3484 cognoscuntur sufficit naturalis habitus primorum principiorum; ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3485 ea vero quae sunt supernaturalia sufficit fides, quia articuli
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3486 fidei sunt sicut prima principia in supernaturali cognitione, sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3487 dictum est. Ergo donum intellectus non distinguitur ab aliis donis
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3488 intellectualibus.</p><p title="II-II q. 8 a. 6 arg. 3"><a name="39123"><span class="ref">[39123] IIª-IIae q. 8 a. 6 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3489 omnis cognitio intellectiva vel est speculativa vel practica. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3490 donum intellectus se habet ad utrumque, ut dictum est. Ergo non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3491 distinguitur ab aliis donis intellectualibus, sed omnia in se
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3492 complectitur.</p><p title="II-II q. 8 a. 6 s. c."><a name="39124"><span class="ref">[39124] IIª-IIae q. 8 a. 6 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3493 est quod quaecumque connumerantur ad invicem oportet esse aliquo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3494 modo ab invicem distincta, quia distinctio est principium numeri.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3495 Sed donum intellectus connumeratur aliis donis, ut patet Isaiae XI.
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3496 Ergo donum intellectus est distinctum ab aliis donis.</p><p title="II-II q. 8 a. 6 co."><a name="39125"><span class="ref">[39125] IIª-IIae q. 8 a. 6 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3497 dicendum quod distinctio doni intellectus ab aliis tribus donis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3498 scilicet pietate, fortitudine et timore, manifesta est, quia donum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3499 intellectus pertinet ad vim cognoscitivam, illa vero tria pertinent
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3500 ad vim appetitivam. Sed differentia huius doni intellectus ad alia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3501 tria, scilicet sapientiam, scientiam et consilium, quae etiam ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3502 vim cognoscitivam pertinent, non est adeo manifesta. Videtur autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3503 quibusdam quod donum intellectus distinguatur a dono scientiae et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3504 consilii per hoc quod illa duo pertineant ad practicam cognitionem,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3505 donum vero intellectus ad speculativam. A dono vero sapientiae,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3506 quod etiam ad speculativam cognitionem pertinet, distinguitur in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3507 hoc quod ad sapientiam pertinet iudicium, ad intellectum vero
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3508 capacitas intellectus eorum quae proponuntur, sive penetratio ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3509 intima eorum. Et secundum hoc supra numerum donorum assignavimus.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3510 Sed diligenter intuenti, donum intellectus non solum se habet circa
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3511 speculanda, sed etiam circa operanda, ut dictum est, et similiter
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3512 etiam donum scientiae circa utrumque se habet, ut infra dicetur. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3513 ideo oportet aliter eorum distinctionem accipere. Omnia enim haec
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3514 quatuor dicta ordinantur ad supernaturalem cognitionem, quae in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3515 nobis per fidem fundatur. <i>Fides autem est ex auditu</i>, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3516 dicitur Rom. X. Unde oportet aliqua proponi homini ad credendum non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3517 sicut visa, sed sicut audita, quibus per fidem assentiat. Fides
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3518 autem primo quidem et principaliter se habet ad veritatem primam;
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3519 secundario, ad quaedam circa creaturas consideranda; et ulterius se
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3520 extendit etiam ad directionem humanorum operum, secundum quod per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3521 dilectionem operatur, ut ex dictis patet. Sic igitur circa ea quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3522 fidei proponuntur credenda duo requiruntur ex parte nostra. Primo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3523 quidem, ut intellectu penetrentur vel capiantur, et hoc pertinet ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3524 donum intellectus. Secundo autem oportet ut de eis homo habeat
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3525 iudicium rectum, ut aestimet his esse inhaerendum et ab eorum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3526 oppositis recedendum. Hoc igitur iudicium, quantum ad res divinas,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3527 pertinet ad donum sapientiae; quantum vero ad res creatas, pertinet
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3528 ad donum scientiae; quantum vero ad applicationem ad singularia
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3529 opera, pertinet ad donum consilii.</p><p title="II-II q. 8 a. 6 ad 1"><a name="39126"><span class="ref">[39126] IIª-IIae q. 8 a. 6 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3530 ergo dicendum quod praedicta differentia quatuor donorum manifeste
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3531 competit distinctioni eorum quae Gregorius ponit eis esse opposita.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3532 Hebetudo enim acuitati opponitur. Dicitur autem per similitudinem
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3533 intellectus acutus quando potest penetrare ad intima eorum quae
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3534 proponuntur. Unde hebetudo mentis est per quam mens ad intima
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3535 penetrare non sufficit. Stultus autem dicitur ex hoc quod perverse
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3536 iudicat circa communem finem vitae. Et ideo proprie opponitur
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3537 sapientiae, quae facit rectum iudicium circa universalem causam.
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3538 Ignorantia vero importat defectum mentis etiam circa quaecumque
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3539 particularia. Et ideo opponitur scientiae, per quam homo habet
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3540 rectum iudicium circa particulares causas, scilicet circa
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3541 creaturas. Praecipitatio vero manifeste opponitur consilio, per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3542 quod homo ad actionem non procedit ante deliberationem
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
3543 rationis.</p><p title="II-II q. 8 a. 6 ad 2"><a name="39127"><span class="ref">[39127] IIª-IIae q. 8 a. 6 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3544 dicendum quod donum intellectus est circa prima principia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3545 cognitionis gratuitae, aliter tamen quam fides. Nam ad fidem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3546 pertinet eis assentire, ad donum vero intellectus pertinet
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3547 penetrare mente ea quae dicuntur.</p><p title="II-II q. 8 a. 6 ad 3"><a name="39128"><span class="ref">[39128] IIª-IIae q. 8 a. 6 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3548 dicendum quod donum intellectus pertinet ad utramque cognitionem,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3549 scilicet speculativam et practicam, non quantum ad iudicium, sed
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
3550 quantum ad apprehensionem, ut capiantur ea quae dicuntur.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 7</h3><p title="II-II q. 8 a. 7 arg. 1"><a name="39129"><span class="ref">[39129] IIª-IIae q. 8 a. 7 arg. 1</span></a> Ad septimum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3551 sic proceditur. Videtur quod dono intellectus non respondeat
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3552 beatitudo sexta, scilicet, <i>beati mundo corde, quoniam ipsi Deum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3553 videbunt</i>. Munditia enim cordis maxime videtur pertinere ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3554 affectum. Sed donum intellectus non pertinet ad affectum, sed magis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3555 ad vim intellectivam. Ergo praedicta beatitudo non respondet dono
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
3556 intellectus.</p><p title="II-II q. 8 a. 7 arg. 2"><a name="39130"><span class="ref">[39130] IIª-IIae q. 8 a. 7 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3557 Act. XV dicitur, <i>fide purificans corda eorum</i>. Sed per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3558 purificationem cordis acquiritur munditia cordis. Ergo praedicta
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3559 beatitudo magis pertinet ad virtutem fidei quam ad donum
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3560 intellectus.</p><p title="II-II q. 8 a. 7 arg. 3"><a name="39131"><span class="ref">[39131] IIª-IIae q. 8 a. 7 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3561 dona spiritus sancti perficiunt hominem in praesenti vita. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3562 visio Dei non pertinet ad vitam praesentem, ipsa enim beatos facit,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3563 ut supra habitum est. Ergo sexta beatitudo, continens Dei visionem,
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3564 non pertinet ad donum intellectus.</p><p title="II-II q. 8 a. 7 s. c."><a name="39132"><span class="ref">[39132] IIª-IIae q. 8 a. 7 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3565 est quod Augustinus dicit, in libro de Serm. Dom. in monte,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3566 <i>sexta operatio spiritus sancti, quae est intellectus, convenit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3567 mundis corde, qui purgato oculo possunt videre quod oculus non
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3568 vidit</i>.</p><p title="II-II q. 8 a. 7 co."><a name="39133"><span class="ref">[39133] IIª-IIae q. 8 a. 7 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3569 dicendum quod in sexta beatitudine, sicut et in aliis, duo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3570 continentur, unum per modum meriti, scilicet munditia cordis; aliud
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3571 per modum praemii, scilicet visio Dei, ut supra dictum est. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3572 utrumque pertinet aliquo modo ad donum intellectus. Est enim duplex
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3573 munditia. Una quidem praeambula et dispositiva ad Dei visionem,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3574 quae est depuratio affectus ab inordinatis affectionibus, et haec
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3575 quidem munditia cordis fit per virtutes et dona quae pertinent ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3576 vim appetitivam. Alia vero munditia cordis est quae est quasi
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3577 completiva respectu visionis divinae, et haec quidem est munditia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3578 mentis depuratae a phantasmatibus et erroribus, ut scilicet ea quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3579 de Deo proponuntur non accipiantur per modum corporalium
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3580 phantasmatum, nec secundum haereticas perversitates. Et hanc
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3581 munditiam facit donum intellectus. Similiter etiam duplex est Dei
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3582 visio. Una quidem perfecta, per quam videtur Dei essentia. Alia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3583 vero imperfecta, per quam, etsi non videamus de Deo quid est,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3584 videmus tamen quid non est, et tanto in hac vita Deum perfectius
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3585 cognoscimus quanto magis intelligimus eum excedere quidquid
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3586 intellectu comprehenditur. Et utraque Dei visio pertinet ad donum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3587 intellectus, prima quidem ad donum intellectus consummatum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3588 secundum quod erit in patria; secunda vero ad donum intellectus
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3589 inchoatum, secundum quod habetur in via.</p><p title="II-II q. 8 a. 7 ad 1"><a name="39134"><span class="ref">[39134] IIª-IIae q. 8 a. 7 ad 1</span></a> Et per hoc
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3590 patet responsio ad obiecta. Nam primae duae rationes procedunt de
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3591 prima munditia. Tertia vero de perfecta Dei visione, dona autem et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3592 hic nos perficiunt secundum quandam inchoationem, et in futuro
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3593 implebuntur, ut supra dictum est.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 8</h3><p title="II-II q. 8 a. 8 arg. 1"><a name="39135"><span class="ref">[39135] IIª-IIae q. 8 a. 8 arg. 1</span></a> Ad octavum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3594 sic proceditur. Videtur quod in fructibus fides non respondeat dono
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3595 intellectus. Intellectus enim est fructus fidei, dicitur enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3596 Isaiae VII, <i>nisi credideritis, non intelligetis</i>, secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3597 aliam litteram, ubi nos habemus, <i>si non credideritis, non
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3598 permanebitis</i>. Non ergo fides est fructus intellectus.</p><p title="II-II q. 8 a. 8 arg. 2"><a name="39136"><span class="ref">[39136] IIª-IIae q. 8 a. 8 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3599 prius non est fructus posterioris. Sed fides videtur esse prior
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3600 intellectu, quia fides est fundamentum totius spiritualis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3601 aedificii, ut supra dictum est. Ergo fides non est fructus
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3602 intellectus.</p><p title="II-II q. 8 a. 8 arg. 3"><a name="39137"><span class="ref">[39137] IIª-IIae q. 8 a. 8 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3603 plura sunt dona pertinentia ad intellectum quam pertinentia ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3604 appetitum. Sed inter fructus ponitur tantum unum pertinens ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3605 intellectum, scilicet fides, omnia vero alia pertinent ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3606 appetitum. Ergo fides non magis videtur respondere intellectui quam
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3607 sapientiae vel scientiae seu consilio.</p><p title="II-II q. 8 a. 8 s. c."><a name="39138"><span class="ref">[39138] IIª-IIae q. 8 a. 8 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3608 est quod finis uniuscuiusque rei est fructus eius. Sed donum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3609 intellectus videtur principaliter ordinari ad certitudinem fidei,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3610 quae ponitur fructus, dicit enim Glossa, ad Gal. V, quod fides quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3611 est fructus est de invisibilibus certitudo. Ergo in fructibus fides
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3612 respondet dono intellectus.</p><p title="II-II q. 8 a. 8 co."><a name="39139"><span class="ref">[39139] IIª-IIae q. 8 a. 8 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3613 dicendum quod, sicut supra dictum est, cum de fructibus ageretur,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3614 fructus spiritus dicuntur quaedam ultima et delectabilia quae in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3615 nobis proveniunt ex virtute spiritus sancti. Ultimum autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3616 delectabile habet rationem finis, qui est proprium obiectum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3617 voluntatis. Et ideo oportet quod id quod est ultimum et delectabile
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3618 in voluntate sit quodammodo fructus omnium aliorum quae pertinent
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3619 ad alias potentias. Secundum hoc ergo doni vel virtutis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3620 perficientis aliquam potentiam potest accipi duplex fructus, unus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3621 quidem pertinens ad suam potentiam; alius autem quasi ultimus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3622 pertinens ad voluntatem. Et secundum hoc dicendum est quod dono
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3623 intellectus respondet pro proprio fructu fides, idest fidei
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3624 certitudo, sed pro ultimo fructu respondet ei gaudium, quod
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3625 pertinet ad voluntatem.</p><p title="II-II q. 8 a. 8 ad 1"><a name="39140"><span class="ref">[39140] IIª-IIae q. 8 a. 8 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3626 ergo dicendum quod intellectus est fructus fidei quae est virtus.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3627 Sic autem non accipitur fides cum dicitur fructus, sed pro quadam
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3628 certitudine fidei, ad quam homo pervenit per donum intellectus.</p><p title="II-II q. 8 a. 8 ad 2"><a name="39141"><span class="ref">[39141] IIª-IIae q. 8 a. 8 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3629 dicendum quod fides non potest universaliter praecedere
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3630 intellectum, non enim posset homo assentire credendo aliquibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3631 propositis nisi ea aliqualiter intelligeret. Sed perfectio
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3632 intellectus consequitur fidem quae est virtus, ad quam quidem
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3633 intellectus perfectionem sequitur quaedam fidei certitudo.</p><p title="II-II q. 8 a. 8 ad 3"><a name="39142"><span class="ref">[39142] IIª-IIae q. 8 a. 8 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3634 dicendum quod cognitionis practicae fructus non potest esse in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3635 ipsa, quia talis cognitio non scitur propter se, sed propter aliud.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3636 Sed cognitio speculativa habet fructum in seipsa, scilicet
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3637 certitudinem eorum quorum est. Et ideo dono consilii, quod pertinet
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3638 solum ad practicam cognitionem, non respondet aliquis fructus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3639 proprius. Donis autem sapientiae, intellectus et scientiae, quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3640 possunt etiam ad speculativam cognitionem pertinere, respondet
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3641 solum unus fructus, qui est certitudo significata nomine fidei.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3642 Plures autem fructus ponuntur pertinentes ad partem appetitivam,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3643 quia, sicut iam dictum est, ratio finis, quae importatur in nomine
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
3644 fructus, magis pertinet ad vim appetitivam quam intellectivam.</p></div></div><div class="q" id="q9"><h2>Quaestio 9</h2><div class="p"><h3>Prooemium</h3><p title="II-II q. 9 pr."><a name="39143"><span class="ref">[39143]
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3645 IIª-IIae q. 9 pr.</span></a> Deinde considerandum est de dono
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3646 scientiae. Et circa hoc quaeruntur quatuor. Primo, utrum scientia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3647 sit donum. Secundo, utrum sit circa divina. Tertio, utrum sit
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3648 speculativa vel practica. Quarto, quae beatitudo ei respondeat.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 1</h3><p title="II-II q. 9 a. 1 arg. 1"><a name="39144"><span class="ref">[39144] IIª-IIae q. 9 a. 1 arg. 1</span></a> Ad primum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3649 sic proceditur. Videtur quod scientia non sit donum. Dona enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3650 spiritus sancti naturalem facultatem excedunt. Sed scientia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3651 importat effectum quendam naturalis rationis, dicit enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3652 philosophus, in I Poster., quod demonstratio est syllogismus
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3653 faciens scire. Ergo scientia non est donum spiritus sancti.</p><p title="II-II q. 9 a. 1 arg. 2"><a name="39145"><span class="ref">[39145] IIª-IIae q. 9 a. 1 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3654 dona spiritus sancti sunt communia omnibus sanctis, ut supra dictum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3655 est. Sed Augustinus, XIV de Trin., dicit quod <i>scientia non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3656 pollent fideles plurimi, quamvis polleant ipsa fide</i>. Ergo
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3657 scientia non est donum.</p><p title="II-II q. 9 a. 1 arg. 3"><a name="39146"><span class="ref">[39146] IIª-IIae q. 9 a. 1 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3658 donum est perfectius virtute, ut supra dictum est. Ergo unum donum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3659 sufficit ad perfectionem unius virtutis. Sed virtuti fidei
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3660 respondet donum intellectus, ut supra dictum est. Ergo non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3661 respondet ei donum scientiae. Nec apparet cui alii virtuti
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3662 respondeat. Ergo, cum dona sint perfectiones virtutum, ut supra
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3663 dictum est, videtur quod scientia non sit donum.</p><p title="II-II q. 9 a. 1 s. c."><a name="39147"><span class="ref">[39147] IIª-IIae q. 9 a. 1 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3664 est quod Isaiae XI computatur inter septem dona.</p><p title="II-II q. 9 a. 1 co."><a name="39148"><span class="ref">[39148] IIª-IIae q. 9 a. 1 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3665 dicendum quod gratia est perfectior quam natura, unde non deficit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3666 in his in quibus homo per naturam perfici potest. Cum autem homo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3667 per naturalem rationem assentit secundum intellectum alicui
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3668 veritati, dupliciter perficitur circa veritatem illam, primo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3669 quidem, quia capit eam; secundo, quia de ea certum iudicium habet.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3670 Et ideo ad hoc quod intellectus humanus perfecte assentiat veritati
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3671 fidei duo requiruntur. Quorum unum est quod sane capiat ea quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3672 proponuntur, quod pertinet ad donum intellectus, ut supra dictum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3673 est. Aliud autem est ut habeat certum et rectum iudicium de eis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3674 discernendo scilicet credenda non credendis. Et ad hoc necessarium
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3675 est donum scientiae.</p><p title="II-II q. 9 a. 1 ad 1"><a name="39149"><span class="ref">[39149] IIª-IIae q. 9 a. 1 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3676 ergo dicendum quod certitudo cognitionis in diversis naturis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3677 invenitur diversimode, secundum diversam conditionem uniuscuiusque
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3678 naturae. Nam homo consequitur certum iudicium de veritate per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3679 discursum rationis, et ideo scientia humana ex ratione
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3680 demonstrativa acquiritur. Sed in Deo est certum iudicium veritatis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3681 absque omni discursu per simplicem intuitum, ut in primo dictum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3682 est, et ideo divina scientia non est discursiva vel ratiocinativa,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3683 sed absoluta et simplex. Cui similis est scientia quae ponitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3684 donum spiritus sancti, cum sit quaedam participativa similitudo
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3685 ipsius.</p><p title="II-II q. 9 a. 1 ad 2"><a name="39150"><span class="ref">[39150] IIª-IIae q. 9 a. 1 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3686 dicendum quod circa credenda duplex scientia potest haberi. Una
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3687 quidem per quam homo scit quid credere debeat, discernens credenda
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3688 a non credendis, et secundum hoc scientia est donum, et convenit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3689 omnibus sanctis. Alia vero est scientia circa credenda per quam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3690 homo non solum scit quid credi debeat, sed etiam scit fidem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3691 manifestare et alios ad credendum inducere et contradictores
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3692 revincere. Et ista scientia ponitur inter gratias gratis datas,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3693 quae non datur omnibus, sed quibusdam. Unde Augustinus, post verba
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3694 inducta, subiungit, <i>aliud est scire tantummodo quid homo credere
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3695 debeat, aliud scire quemadmodum hoc ipsum et piis opituletur et
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3696 contra impios defendatur</i>.</p><p title="II-II q. 9 a. 1 ad 3"><a name="39151"><span class="ref">[39151] IIª-IIae q. 9 a. 1 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3697 dicendum quod dona sunt perfectiora virtutibus moralibus et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3698 intellectualibus. Non sunt autem perfectiora virtutibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3699 theologicis, sed magis omnia dona ad perfectionem theologicarum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3700 virtutum ordinantur sicut ad finem. Et ideo non est inconveniens si
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3701 diversa dona ad unam virtutem theologicam ordinantur.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 2</h3><p title="II-II q. 9 a. 2 arg. 1"><a name="39152"><span class="ref">[39152] IIª-IIae q. 9 a. 2 arg. 1</span></a> Ad secundum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3702 sic proceditur. Videtur quod scientiae donum sit circa res divinas.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3703 Dicit enim Augustinus, XIV de Trin., quod per scientiam, gignitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3704 fides, nutritur et roboratur. Sed fides est de rebus divinis, quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3705 obiectum fidei est veritas prima, ut supra habitum est. Ergo et
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3706 donum scientiae est de rebus divinis.</p><p title="II-II q. 9 a. 2 arg. 2"><a name="39153"><span class="ref">[39153] IIª-IIae q. 9 a. 2 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3707 donum scientiae est dignius quam scientia acquisita. Sed aliqua
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3708 scientia acquisita est circa res divinas, sicut scientia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3709 metaphysicae. Ergo multo magis donum scientiae est circa res
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3710 divinas.</p><p title="II-II q. 9 a. 2 arg. 3"><a name="39154"><span class="ref">[39154] IIª-IIae q. 9 a. 2 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3711 sicut dicitur Rom. I, <i>invisibilia Dei per ea quae facta sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3712 intellecta conspiciuntur</i>. Si igitur est scientia circa res
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3713 creatas, videtur quod etiam sit circa res divinas.</p><p title="II-II q. 9 a. 2 s. c."><a name="39155"><span class="ref">[39155] IIª-IIae q. 9 a. 2 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3714 est quod Augustinus, XIV de Trin., dicit, <i>rerum divinarum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3715 scientia proprie sapientia nuncupetur, humanarum autem proprie
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3716 scientiae nomen obtineat</i>.</p><p title="II-II q. 9 a. 2 co."><a name="39156"><span class="ref">[39156] IIª-IIae q. 9 a. 2 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3717 dicendum quod certum iudicium de re aliqua maxime datur ex sua
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3718 causa. Et ideo secundum ordinem causarum oportet esse ordinem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3719 iudiciorum, sicut enim causa prima est causa secundae, ita per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3720 causam primam iudicatur de causa secunda. De causa autem prima non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3721 potest iudicari per aliam causam. Et ideo iudicium quod fit per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3722 causam primam est primum et perfectissimum. In his autem in quibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3723 aliquid est perfectissimum, nomen commune generis appropriatur his
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3724 quae deficiunt a perfectissimo, ipsi autem perfectissimo adaptatur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3725 aliud speciale nomen, ut patet in logicis. Nam in genere
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3726 convertibilium illud quod significat quod quid est, speciali nomine
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3727 definitio vocatur, quae autem ab hoc deficiunt convertibilia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3728 existentia nomen commune sibi retinent, scilicet quod propria
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3729 dicuntur. Quia igitur nomen scientiae importat quandam certitudinem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3730 iudicii, ut dictum est; si quidem certitudo iudicii fit per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3731 altissimam causam, habet speciale nomen, quod est sapientia,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3732 dicitur enim sapiens in unoquoque genere qui novit altissimam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3733 causam illius generis, per quam potest de omnibus iudicare.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3734 Simpliciter autem sapiens dicitur qui novit altissimam causam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3735 simpliciter, scilicet Deum. Et ideo cognitio divinarum rerum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3736 vocatur sapientia. Cognitio vero rerum humanarum vocatur scientia,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3737 quasi communi nomine importante certitudinem iudicii appropriato ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3738 iudicium quod fit per causas secundas. Et ideo, sic accipiendo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3739 scientiae nomen, ponitur donum distinctum a dono sapientiae. Unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3740 donum scientiae est solum circa res humanas, vel circa res
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3741 creatas.</p><p title="II-II q. 9 a. 2 ad 1"><a name="39157"><span class="ref">[39157] IIª-IIae q. 9 a. 2 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3742 ergo dicendum quod, licet ea de quibus est fides sint res divinae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3743 et aeternae, tamen ipsa fides est quoddam temporale in animo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3744 credentis. Et ideo scire quid credendum sit pertinet ad donum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3745 scientiae. Scire autem ipsas res creditas secundum seipsas per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3746 quandam unionem ad ipsas pertinet ad donum sapientiae. Unde donum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3747 sapientiae magis respondet caritati, quae unit mentem hominis
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3748 Deo.</p><p title="II-II q. 9 a. 2 ad 2"><a name="39158"><span class="ref">[39158] IIª-IIae q. 9 a. 2 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3749 dicendum quod ratio illa procedit secundum quod nomen scientiae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3750 communiter sumitur. Sic autem scientia non ponitur speciale donum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3751 sed secundum quod restringitur ad iudicium quod fit per res
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3752 creatas.</p><p title="II-II q. 9 a. 2 ad 3"><a name="39159"><span class="ref">[39159] IIª-IIae q. 9 a. 2 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3753 dicendum quod, sicut supra dictum est, quilibet cognoscitivus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3754 habitus formaliter quidem respicit medium per quod aliquid
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3755 cognoscitur, materialiter autem id quod per medium cognoscitur. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3756 quia id quod est formale potius est, ideo illae scientiae quae ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3757 principiis mathematicis concludunt circa materiam naturalem, magis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3758 cum mathematicis connumerantur, utpote eis similiores, licet
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3759 quantum ad materiam magis conveniant cum naturali, et propter hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3760 dicitur in II Physic. quod sunt magis naturales. Et ideo, cum homo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3761 per res creatas Deum cognoscit, magis videtur hoc pertinere ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3762 scientiam, ad quam pertinet formaliter, quam ad sapientiam, ad quam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3763 pertinet materialiter. Et e converso, cum secundum res divinas
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3764 iudicamus de rebus creatis, magis hoc ad sapientiam quam ad
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3765 scientiam pertinet.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 3</h3><p title="II-II q. 9 a. 3 arg. 1"><a name="39160"><span class="ref">[39160] IIª-IIae q. 9 a. 3 arg. 1</span></a> Ad tertium
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3766 sic proceditur. Videtur quod scientia quae ponitur donum sit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3767 scientia practica. Dicit enim Augustinus, XII de Trin., quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3768 <i>actio qua exterioribus rebus utimur scientiae deputatur</i>. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3769 scientia cui deputatur actio est practica. Ergo scientia quae est
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3770 donum est scientia practica.</p><p title="II-II q. 9 a. 3 arg. 2"><a name="39161"><span class="ref">[39161] IIª-IIae q. 9 a. 3 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3771 Gregorius dicit, in I Moral., <i>nulla est scientia si utilitatem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3772 pietatis non habet, et valde inutilis est pietas si scientiae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3773 discretione caret</i>. Ex quo habetur quod scientia dirigit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3774 pietatem. Sed hoc non potest competere scientiae speculativae. Ergo
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3775 scientia quae est donum non est speculativa, sed practica.</p><p title="II-II q. 9 a. 3 arg. 3"><a name="39162"><span class="ref">[39162] IIª-IIae q. 9 a. 3 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3776 dona spiritus sancti non habentur nisi a iustis, ut supra habitum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3777 est. Sed scientia speculativa potest haberi etiam ab iniustis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3778 secundum illud Iac. ult., <i>scienti bonum et non facienti,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3779 peccatum est illi</i>. Ergo scientia quae est donum non est
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3780 speculativa, sed practica.</p><p title="II-II q. 9 a. 3 s. c."><a name="39163"><span class="ref">[39163] IIª-IIae q. 9 a. 3 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3781 est quod Gregorius dicit, in I Moral., <i>scientia in die suo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3782 convivium parat, quia in ventre mentis ignorantiae ieiunium
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3783 superat</i>. Sed ignorantia non tollitur totaliter nisi per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3784 utramque scientiam, scilicet et speculativam et practicam. Ergo
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3785 scientia quae est donum est et speculativa et practica.</p><p title="II-II q. 9 a. 3 co."><a name="39164"><span class="ref">[39164] IIª-IIae q. 9 a. 3 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3786 dicendum quod, sicut supra dictum est, donum scientiae ordinatur,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3787 sicut et donum intellectus, ad certitudinem fidei. Fides autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3788 primo et principaliter in speculatione consistit, inquantum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3789 scilicet inhaeret primae veritati. Sed quia prima veritas est etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3790 ultimus finis, propter quem operamur, inde etiam est quod fides ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3791 operationem se extendit, secundum illud Gal. V, <i>fides per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3792 dilectionem operatur</i>. Unde etiam oportet quod donum scientiae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3793 primo quidem et principaliter respiciat speculationem, inquantum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3794 scilicet homo scit quid fide tenere debeat. Secundario autem se
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3795 extendit etiam ad operationem, secundum quod per scientiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3796 credibilium, et eorum quae ad credibilia consequuntur, dirigimur in
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3797 agendis.</p><p title="II-II q. 9 a. 3 ad 1"><a name="39165"><span class="ref">[39165] IIª-IIae q. 9 a. 3 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3798 ergo dicendum quod Augustinus loquitur de dono scientiae secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3799 quod se extendit ad operationem, attribuitur enim ei actio, sed non
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3800 sola nec primo. Et hoc etiam modo dirigit pietatem.</p><p title="II-II q. 9 a. 3 ad 2"><a name="39166"><span class="ref">[39166] IIª-IIae q. 9 a. 3 ad 2</span></a> Unde patet
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3801 solutio ad secundum.</p><p title="II-II q. 9 a. 3 ad 3"><a name="39167"><span class="ref">[39167] IIª-IIae q. 9 a. 3 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3802 dicendum quod, sicut dictum est de dono intellectus quod non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3803 quicumque intelligit habet donum intellectus, sed qui intelligit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3804 quasi ex habitu gratiae; ita etiam de dono scientiae est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3805 intelligendum quod illi soli donum scientiae habeant qui ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3806 infusione gratiae certum iudicium habent circa credenda et agenda,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3807 quod in nullo deviat a rectitudine iustitiae. Et haec est scientia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3808 sanctorum, de qua dicitur Sap. X, <i>iustum deduxit dominus per
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3809 vias rectas et dedit illi scientiam sanctorum</i>.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 4</h3><p title="II-II q. 9 a. 4 arg. 1"><a name="39168"><span class="ref">[39168] IIª-IIae q. 9 a. 4 arg. 1</span></a> Ad quartum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3810 sic proceditur. Videtur quod scientiae non respondeat tertia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3811 beatitudo, scilicet, <i>beati qui lugent, quoniam ipsi
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3812 consolabuntur</i>. Sicut enim malum est causa tristitiae et luctus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3813 ita etiam bonum est causa laetitiae. Sed per scientiam principalius
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3814 manifestantur bona quam mala, quae per bona cognoscuntur, rectum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3815 enim est iudex sui ipsius et obliqui, ut dicitur in I de anima.
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3816 Ergo praedicta beatitudo non convenienter respondet scientiae.</p><p title="II-II q. 9 a. 4 arg. 2"><a name="39169"><span class="ref">[39169] IIª-IIae q. 9 a. 4 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3817 consideratio veritatis est actus scientiae. Sed in consideratione
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3818 veritatis non est tristitia, sed magis gaudium, dicitur enim Sap.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3819 VIII, <i>non habet amaritudinem conversatio illius, nec taedium
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3820 convictus illius, sed laetitiam et gaudium</i>. Ergo praedicta
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3821 beatitudo non convenienter respondet dono scientiae.</p><p title="II-II q. 9 a. 4 arg. 3"><a name="39170"><span class="ref">[39170] IIª-IIae q. 9 a. 4 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3822 donum scientiae prius consistit in speculatione quam in operatione.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3823 Sed secundum quod consistit in speculatione, non respondet sibi
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3824 luctus, quia intellectus speculativus nihil dicit de imitabili et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3825 fugiendo, ut dicitur in III de anima; neque dicit aliquid laetum et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3826 triste. Ergo praedicta beatitudo non convenienter ponitur
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3827 respondere dono scientiae.</p><p title="II-II q. 9 a. 4 s. c."><a name="39171"><span class="ref">[39171] IIª-IIae q. 9 a. 4 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3828 est quod Augustinus dicit, in libro de Serm. Dom. in monte,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3829 <i>scientia convenit lugentibus, qui didicerunt quibus malis vincti
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3830 sunt, quae quasi bona petierunt</i>.</p><p title="II-II q. 9 a. 4 co."><a name="39172"><span class="ref">[39172] IIª-IIae q. 9 a. 4 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3831 dicendum quod ad scientiam proprie pertinet rectum iudicium
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3832 creaturarum. Creaturae autem sunt ex quibus homo occasionaliter a
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3833 Deo avertitur, secundum illud Sap. XIV, <i>creaturae factae sunt in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3834 odium, et in muscipulam pedibus insipientium</i>, qui scilicet
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3835 rectum iudicium de his non habent, dum aestimant in eis esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3836 perfectum bonum; unde in eis finem constituendo, peccant et verum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3837 bonum perdunt. Et hoc damnum homini innotescit per rectum iudicium
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3838 de creaturis, quod habetur per donum scientiae. Et ideo beatitudo
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3839 luctus ponitur respondere dono scientiae.</p><p title="II-II q. 9 a. 4 ad 1"><a name="39173"><span class="ref">[39173] IIª-IIae q. 9 a. 4 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3840 ergo dicendum quod bona creata non excitant spirituale gaudium nisi
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3841 quatenus referuntur ad bonum divinum, ex quo proprie consurgit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3842 gaudium spirituale. Et ideo directe quidem spiritualis pax, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3843 gaudium consequens, respondet dono sapientiae. Dono autem scientiae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3844 respondet quidem primo luctus de praeteritis erratis; et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3845 consequenter consolatio, dum homo per rectum iudicium scientiae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3846 creaturas ordinat in bonum divinum. Et ideo in hac beatitudine
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3847 ponitur luctus pro merito, et consolatio consequens pro praemio.
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3848 Quae quidem inchoatur in hac vita, perficitur autem in futura.</p><p title="II-II q. 9 a. 4 ad 2"><a name="39174"><span class="ref">[39174] IIª-IIae q. 9 a. 4 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3849 dicendum quod de ipsa consideratione veritatis homo gaudet, sed de
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3850 re circa quam considerat veritatem potest tristari quandoque. Et
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3851 secundum hoc luctus scientiae attribuitur.</p><p title="II-II q. 9 a. 4 ad 3"><a name="39175"><span class="ref">[39175] IIª-IIae q. 9 a. 4 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3852 dicendum quod scientiae secundum quod in speculatione consistit,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3853 non respondet beatitudo aliqua, quia beatitudo hominis non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3854 consistit in consideratione creaturarum, sed in contemplatione Dei.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3855 Sed aliqualiter beatitudo hominis consistit in debito usu
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3856 creaturarum et ordinata affectione circa ipsas, et hoc dico quantum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3857 ad beatitudinem viae. Et ideo scientiae non attribuitur aliqua
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3858 beatitudo pertinens ad contemplationem; sed intellectui et
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3859 sapientiae, quae sunt circa divina.</p></div></div><div class="q" id="q10"><h2>Quaestio 10</h2><div class="p"><h3>Prooemium</h3><p title="II-II q. 10 pr."><a name="39176"><span class="ref">[39176] IIª-IIae q. 10 pr.</span></a> Consequenter
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3860 considerandum est de vitiis oppositis. Et primo, de infidelitate,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3861 quae opponitur fidei; secundo, de blasphemia, quae opponitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3862 confessioni; tertio, de ignorantia et hebetudine, quae opponuntur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3863 scientiae et intellectui. Circa primum, considerandum est de
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3864 infidelitate in communi; secundo, de haeresi, tertio, de apostasia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3865 a fide. Circa primum quaeruntur duodecim. Primo, utrum infidelitas
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3866 sit peccatum. Secundo, in quo sit sicut in subiecto. Tertio, utrum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3867 sit maximum peccatorum. Quarto, utrum omnis actio infidelium sit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3868 peccatum. Quinto, de speciebus infidelitatis. Sexto, de
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3869 comparatione earum ad invicem. Septimo, utrum cum infidelibus sit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3870 disputandum de fide. Octavo, utrum sint cogendi ad fidem. Nono,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3871 utrum sit eis communicandum. Decimo, utrum possint Christianis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3872 fidelibus praeesse. Undecimo, utrum ritus infidelium sint
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3873 tolerandi. Duodecimo, utrum pueri infidelium sint invitis
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3874 parentibus baptizandi.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 1</h3><p title="II-II q. 10 a. 1 arg. 1"><a name="39177"><span class="ref">[39177] IIª-IIae q. 10 a. 1 arg. 1</span></a> Ad primum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3875 sic proceditur. Videtur quod infidelitas non sit peccatum. Omne
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3876 enim peccatum est contra naturam, ut patet per Damascenum, in II
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3877 libro. Sed infidelitas non videtur esse contra naturam, dicit enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3878 Augustinus, in libro de Praed. Sanct., quod <i>posse habere fidem,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3879 sicut posse habere caritatem, naturae est hominum, habere autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3880 fidem, quemadmodum habere caritatem, gratiae est fidelium</i>. Ergo
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3881 non habere fidem, quod est infidelem esse, non est peccatum.</p><p title="II-II q. 10 a. 1 arg. 2"><a name="39178"><span class="ref">[39178] IIª-IIae q. 10 a. 1 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3882 nullus peccat in eo quod vitare non potest, quia omne peccatum est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3883 voluntarium. Sed non est in potestate hominis quod infidelitatem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3884 vitet, quam vitare non potest nisi fidem habendo, dicit enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3885 apostolus, ad Rom. X, <i>quomodo credent ei quem non audierunt?
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3886 Quomodo autem audient sine praedicante?</i> Ergo infidelitas non
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3887 videtur esse peccatum.</p><p title="II-II q. 10 a. 1 arg. 3"><a name="39179"><span class="ref">[39179] IIª-IIae q. 10 a. 1 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3888 sicut supra dictum est, sunt septem vitia capitalia, ad quae omnia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3889 peccata reducuntur. Sub nullo autem horum videtur contineri
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3890 infidelitas. Ergo infidelitas non est peccatum.</p><p title="II-II q. 10 a. 1 s. c."><a name="39180"><span class="ref">[39180] IIª-IIae q. 10 a. 1 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3891 virtuti contrariatur vitium. Sed fides est virtus, cui contrariatur
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3892 infidelitas. Ergo infidelitas est peccatum.</p><p title="II-II q. 10 a. 1 co."><a name="39181"><span class="ref">[39181] IIª-IIae q. 10 a. 1 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3893 dicendum quod infidelitas dupliciter accipi potest. Uno modo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3894 secundum puram negationem, ut dicatur infidelis ex hoc solo quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3895 non habet fidem. Alio modo potest intelligi infidelitas secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3896 contrarietatem ad fidem, quia scilicet aliquis repugnat auditui
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3897 fidei, vel etiam contemnit ipsam, secundum illud Isaiae LIII,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3898 <i>quis credidit auditui nostro?</i> Et in hoc proprie perficitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3899 ratio infidelitatis. Et secundum hoc infidelitas est peccatum. Si
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3900 autem accipiatur infidelitas secundum negationem puram, sicut in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3901 illis qui nihil audierunt de fide, non habet rationem peccati, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3902 magis poenae, quia talis ignorantia divinorum ex peccato primi
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3903 parentis est consecuta. Qui autem sic sunt infideles damnantur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3904 quidem propter alia peccata, quae sine fide remitti non possunt,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3905 non autem damnantur propter infidelitatis peccatum. Unde dominus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3906 dicit, Ioan. XV, <i>si non venissem, et locutus eis non fuissem,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3907 peccatum non haberent</i>, quod exponens Augustinus dicit quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3908 <i>loquitur de illo peccato quo non crediderunt in
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3909 Christum</i>.</p><p title="II-II q. 10 a. 1 ad 1"><a name="39182"><span class="ref">[39182] IIª-IIae q. 10 a. 1 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3910 ergo dicendum quod habere fidem non est in natura humana, sed in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3911 natura humana est ut mens hominis non repugnet interiori instinctui
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3912 et exteriori veritatis praedicationi. Unde infidelitas secundum hoc
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3913 est contra naturam.</p><p title="II-II q. 10 a. 1 ad 2"><a name="39183"><span class="ref">[39183] IIª-IIae q. 10 a. 1 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3914 dicendum quod ratio illa procedit de infidelitate secundum quod
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3915 importat simplicem negationem.</p><p title="II-II q. 10 a. 1 ad 3"><a name="39184"><span class="ref">[39184] IIª-IIae q. 10 a. 1 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3916 dicendum quod infidelitas secundum quod est peccatum, oritur ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3917 superbia, ex qua contingit quod homo intellectum suum non vult
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3918 subiicere regulis fidei et sano intellectui patrum. Unde Gregorius
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3919 dicit, XXXI Moral., quod <i>ex inani gloria oriuntur novitatum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3920 praesumptiones</i>. Quamvis posset dici quod, sicut virtutes
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3921 theologicae non reducuntur ad virtutes cardinales, sed sunt priores
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3922 eis; ita etiam vitia opposita virtutibus theologicis non reducuntur
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3923 ad vitia capitalia.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 2</h3><p title="II-II q. 10 a. 2 arg. 1"><a name="39185"><span class="ref">[39185] IIª-IIae q. 10 a. 2 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3924 secundum sic proceditur. Videtur quod infidelitas non sit in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3925 intellectu sicut in subiecto. Omne enim peccatum in voluntate est,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3926 ut Augustinus dicit, in libro de duabus Anim. Sed infidelitas est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3927 quoddam peccatum, ut dictum est. Ergo infidelitas est in voluntate,
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3928 non in intellectu.</p><p title="II-II q. 10 a. 2 arg. 2"><a name="39186"><span class="ref">[39186] IIª-IIae q. 10 a. 2 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3929 infidelitas habet rationem peccati ex eo quod praedicatio fidei
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3930 contemnitur. Sed contemptus ad voluntatem pertinet. Ergo
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3931 infidelitas est in voluntate.</p><p title="II-II q. 10 a. 2 arg. 3"><a name="39187"><span class="ref">[39187] IIª-IIae q. 10 a. 2 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3932 II ad Cor. XI, super illud, <i>ipse Satanas transfigurat se in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3933 Angelum lucis</i>, dicit Glossa quod, <i>si Angelus malus se bonum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3934 fingat, etiam si credatur bonus, non est error periculosus aut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3935 morbidus, si facit vel dicit quae bonis Angelis congruunt</i>.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3936 Cuius ratio esse videtur propter rectitudinem voluntatis eius qui
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3937 ei inhaeret intendens bono Angelo adhaerere. Ergo totum peccatum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3938 infidelitatis esse videtur in perversa voluntate. Non ergo est in
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3939 intellectu sicut in subiecto.</p><p title="II-II q. 10 a. 2 s. c."><a name="39188"><span class="ref">[39188] IIª-IIae q. 10 a. 2 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3940 contraria sunt in eodem subiecto. Sed fides, cui contrariatur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3941 infidelitas, est in intellectu sicut in subiecto. Ergo et
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3942 infidelitas in intellectu est.</p><p title="II-II q. 10 a. 2 co."><a name="39189"><span class="ref">[39189] IIª-IIae q. 10 a. 2 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3943 dicendum quod, sicut supra dictum est, peccatum dicitur esse in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3944 illa potentia quae est principium actus peccati. Actus autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3945 peccati potest habere duplex principium. Unum quidem primum et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3946 universale, quod imperat omnes actus peccatorum, et hoc principium
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3947 est voluntas, quia omne peccatum est voluntarium. Aliud autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3948 principium actus peccati est proprium et proximum, quod elicit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3949 peccati actum, sicut concupiscibilis est principium gulae et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3950 luxuriae, et secundum hoc gula et luxuria dicuntur esse in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3951 concupiscibili. Dissentire autem, qui est proprius actus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3952 infidelitatis, est actus intellectus, sed moti a voluntate, sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3953 et assentire. Et ideo infidelitas, sicut et fides, est quidem in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3954 intellectu sicut in proximo subiecto, in voluntate autem sicut in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3955 primo motivo. Et hoc modo dicitur omne peccatum esse in
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3956 voluntate.</p><p title="II-II q. 10 a. 2 ad 1"><a name="39190"><span class="ref">[39190] IIª-IIae q. 10 a. 2 ad 1</span></a> Unde patet
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3957 responsio ad primum.</p><p title="II-II q. 10 a. 2 ad 2"><a name="39191"><span class="ref">[39191] IIª-IIae q. 10 a. 2 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3958 dicendum quod contemptus voluntatis causat dissensum intellectus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3959 in quo perficitur ratio infidelitatis. Unde causa infidelitatis est
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3960 in voluntate, sed ipsa infidelitas est in intellectu.</p><p title="II-II q. 10 a. 2 ad 3"><a name="39192"><span class="ref">[39192] IIª-IIae q. 10 a. 2 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3961 dicendum quod ille qui credit malum Angelum esse bonum non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3962 dissentit ab eo quod est fidei, quia <i>sensus corporis fallitur,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3963 mens vero non removetur a vera rectaque sententia</i>, ut ibidem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3964 dicit Glossa. Sed si aliquis Satanae adhaereret cum incipit ad sua
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3965 ducere, idest ad mala et falsa, tunc non careret peccato, ut ibidem
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
3966 dicitur.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 3</h3><p title="II-II q. 10 a. 3 arg. 1"><a name="39193"><span class="ref">[39193] IIª-IIae q. 10 a. 3 arg. 1</span></a> Ad tertium
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3967 sic proceditur. Videtur quod infidelitas non sit maximum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3968 peccatorum. Dicit enim Augustinus, et habetur V, qu. I, <i>utrum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3969 Catholicum pessimis moribus alicui haeretico in cuius vita, praeter
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3970 id quod haereticus est, non inveniunt homines quod reprehendant,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3971 praeponere debeamus, non audeo praecipitare sententiam</i>. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3972 haereticus est infidelis. Ergo non est simpliciter dicendum quod
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3973 infidelitas sit maximum peccatorum.</p><p title="II-II q. 10 a. 3 arg. 2"><a name="39194"><span class="ref">[39194] IIª-IIae q. 10 a. 3 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3974 illud quod diminuit vel excusat peccatum non videtur esse maximum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3975 peccatum. Sed infidelitas excusat vel diminuit peccatum, dicit enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3976 apostolus, I ad Tim. I, <i>prius fui blasphemus et persecutor et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3977 contumeliosus, sed misericordiam consecutus sum, quia ignorans feci
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3978 in incredulitate</i>. Ergo infidelitas non est maximum
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3979 peccatum.</p><p title="II-II q. 10 a. 3 arg. 3"><a name="39195"><span class="ref">[39195] IIª-IIae q. 10 a. 3 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3980 maiori peccato debetur maior poena, secundum illud Deut. XXV,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3981 <i>pro mensura peccati erit et plagarum modus</i>. Sed maior poena
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3982 debetur fidelibus peccantibus quam infidelibus, secundum illud ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3983 Heb. X, <i>quanto magis putatis deteriora mereri supplicia qui
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3984 filium Dei conculcaverit, et sanguinem testamenti pollutum duxerit,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3985 in quo sanctificatus est?</i> Ergo infidelitas non est maximum
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3986 peccatum.</p><p title="II-II q. 10 a. 3 s. c."><a name="39196"><span class="ref">[39196] IIª-IIae q. 10 a. 3 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3987 est quod Augustinus dicit, exponens illud Ioan. XV, <i>si non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3988 venissem, et locutus eis non fuissem, peccatum non haberent,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3989 magnum, inquit, quoddam peccatum sub generali nomine vult
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3990 intelligi. Hoc enim est peccatum, scilicet infidelitatis, quo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3991 tenentur cuncta peccata</i>. Infidelitas ergo est maximum omnium
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3992 peccatorum.</p><p title="II-II q. 10 a. 3 co."><a name="39197"><span class="ref">[39197] IIª-IIae q. 10 a. 3 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3993 dicendum quod omne peccatum formaliter consistit in aversione a
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3994 Deo, ut supra dictum est. Unde tanto aliquod peccatum est gravius
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3995 quanto per ipsum homo magis a Deo separatur. Per infidelitatem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3996 autem maxime homo a Deo elongatur, quia nec veram Dei cognitionem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3997 habet; per falsam autem cognitionem ipsius non appropinquat ei, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3998 magis ab eo elongatur. Nec potest esse quod quantum ad quid Deum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3999 cognoscat qui falsam opinionem de ipso habet, quia id quod ipse
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4000 opinatur non est Deus. Unde manifestum est quod peccatum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4001 infidelitatis est maius omnibus peccatis quae contingunt in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4002 perversitate morum. Secus autem est de peccatis quae opponuntur
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4003 aliis virtutibus theologicis, ut infra dicetur.</p><p title="II-II q. 10 a. 3 ad 1"><a name="39198"><span class="ref">[39198] IIª-IIae q. 10 a. 3 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4004 ergo dicendum quod nihil prohibet peccatum quod est gravius
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4005 secundum suum genus esse minus grave secundum aliquas
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4006 circumstantias. Et propter hoc Augustinus noluit praecipitare
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4007 sententiam de malo Catholico et haeretico alias non peccante, quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4008 peccatum haeretici, etsi sit gravius ex genere, potest tamen ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4009 aliqua circumstantia alleviari; et e converso peccatum Catholici ex
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4010 aliqua circumstantia aggravari.</p><p title="II-II q. 10 a. 3 ad 2"><a name="39199"><span class="ref">[39199] IIª-IIae q. 10 a. 3 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4011 dicendum quod infidelitas habet et ignorantiam adiunctam, et habet
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4012 renisum ad ea quae sunt fidei, et ex hac parte habet rationem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4013 peccati gravissimi. Ex parte autem ignorantiae habet aliquam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4014 rationem excusationis, et maxime quando aliquis ex malitia non
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4015 peccat, sicut fuit in apostolo.</p><p title="II-II q. 10 a. 3 ad 3"><a name="39200"><span class="ref">[39200] IIª-IIae q. 10 a. 3 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4016 dicendum quod infidelis pro peccato infidelitatis gravius punitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4017 quam alius peccator pro quocumque alio peccato, considerato peccati
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4018 genere. Sed pro alio peccato, puta pro adulterio, si committatur a
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4019 fideli et ab infideli, ceteris paribus, gravius peccat fidelis quam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4020 infidelis, tum propter notitiam veritatis ex fide; tum etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4021 propter sacramenta fidei quibus est imbutus, quibus peccando
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4022 contumeliam facit.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 4</h3><p title="II-II q. 10 a. 4 arg. 1"><a name="39201"><span class="ref">[39201] IIª-IIae q. 10 a. 4 arg. 1</span></a> Ad quartum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4023 sic proceditur. Videtur quod quaelibet actio infidelis sit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4024 peccatum. Quia super illud Rom. XIV, <i>omne quod non est ex fide
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4025 peccatum est</i>, dicit Glossa, <i>omnis infidelium vita est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4026 peccatum</i>. Sed ad vitam infidelium pertinet omne quod agunt.
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4027 Ergo omnis actio infidelis est peccatum.</p><p title="II-II q. 10 a. 4 arg. 2"><a name="39202"><span class="ref">[39202] IIª-IIae q. 10 a. 4 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4028 fides intentionem dirigit. Sed nullum bonum potest esse quod non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4029 est ex intentione recta. Ergo in infidelibus nulla actio potest
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4030 esse bona.</p><p title="II-II q. 10 a. 4 arg. 3"><a name="39203"><span class="ref">[39203] IIª-IIae q. 10 a. 4 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4031 corrupto priori, corrumpuntur posteriora. Sed actus fidei praecedit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4032 actus omnium virtutum. Ergo, cum in infidelibus non sit actus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4033 fidei, nullum bonum opus facere possunt, sed in omni actu suo
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4034 peccant.</p><p title="II-II q. 10 a. 4 s. c."><a name="39204"><span class="ref">[39204] IIª-IIae q. 10 a. 4 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4035 est quod Cornelio adhuc infideli existenti dictum est quod acceptae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4036 erant Deo eleemosynae eius. Ergo non omnis actio infidelis est
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4037 peccatum, sed aliqua actio eius est bona.</p><p title="II-II q. 10 a. 4 co."><a name="39205"><span class="ref">[39205] IIª-IIae q. 10 a. 4 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4038 dicendum quod, sicut supra dictum est, peccatum mortale tollit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4039 gratiam gratum facientem, non autem totaliter corrumpit bonum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4040 naturae. Unde, cum infidelitas sit quoddam mortale peccatum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4041 infideles quidem gratia carent, remanet tamen in eis aliquod bonum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4042 naturae. Unde manifestum est quod infideles non possunt operari
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4043 opera bona quae sunt ex gratia, scilicet opera meritoria, tamen
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4044 opera bona ad quae sufficit bonum naturae aliqualiter operari
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4045 possunt. Unde non oportet quod in omni suo opere peccent, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4046 quandocumque aliquod opus operantur ex infidelitate, tunc peccant.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4047 Sicut enim habens fidem potest aliquod peccatum committere in actu
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4048 quem non refert ad fidei finem, vel venialiter vel etiam mortaliter
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4049 peccando; ita etiam infidelis potest aliquem actum bonum facere in
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4050 eo quod non refert ad finem infidelitatis.</p><p title="II-II q. 10 a. 4 ad 1"><a name="39206"><span class="ref">[39206] IIª-IIae q. 10 a. 4 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4051 ergo dicendum quod verbum illud est intelligendum vel quia vita
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4052 infidelium non potest esse sine peccato, cum peccata sine fide non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4053 tollantur. Vel quia quidquid agunt ex infidelitate peccatum est.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4054 Unde ibi subditur, <i>quia omnis infideliter vivens vel agens
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4055 vehementer peccat</i>.</p><p title="II-II q. 10 a. 4 ad 2"><a name="39207"><span class="ref">[39207] IIª-IIae q. 10 a. 4 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4056 dicendum quod fides dirigit intentionem respectu finis ultimi
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4057 supernaturalis. Sed lumen etiam naturalis rationis potest dirigere
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4058 intentionem respectu alicuius boni connaturalis.</p><p title="II-II q. 10 a. 4 ad 3"><a name="39208"><span class="ref">[39208] IIª-IIae q. 10 a. 4 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4059 dicendum quod per infidelitatem non corrumpitur totaliter in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4060 infidelibus ratio naturalis, quin remaneat in eis aliqua veri
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4061 cognitio, per quam possunt facere aliquod opus de genere bonorum.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4062 De Cornelio tamen sciendum est quod infidelis non erat, alioquin
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4063 eius operatio accepta non fuisset Deo, cui sine fide nullus potest
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4064 placere. Habebat autem fidem implicitam, nondum manifestata
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4065 Evangelii veritate. Unde ut eum in fide plene instrueret, mittitur
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4066 ad eum Petrus.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 5</h3><p title="II-II q. 10 a. 5 arg. 1"><a name="39209"><span class="ref">[39209] IIª-IIae q. 10 a. 5 arg. 1</span></a> Ad quintum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4067 sic proceditur. Videtur quod non sint plures infidelitatis species.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4068 Cum enim fides et infidelitas sint contraria, oportet quod sint
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4069 circa idem. Sed formale obiectum fidei est veritas prima, a qua
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4070 habet unitatem, licet multa materialiter credat. Ergo etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4071 obiectum infidelitatis est veritas prima, ea vero quae discredit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4072 infidelis materialiter se habent in infidelitate. Sed differentia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4073 secundum speciem non attenditur secundum principia materialia, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4074 secundum principia formalia. Ergo infidelitatis non sunt diversae
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4075 species secundum diversitatem eorum in quibus infideles errant.</p><p title="II-II q. 10 a. 5 arg. 2"><a name="39210"><span class="ref">[39210] IIª-IIae q. 10 a. 5 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4076 infinitis modis potest aliquis a veritate fidei deviare. Si igitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4077 secundum diversitates errorum diversae species infidelitatis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4078 assignentur, videtur sequi quod sint infinitae infidelitatis
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4079 species. Et ita huiusmodi species non sunt considerandae.</p><p title="II-II q. 10 a. 5 arg. 3"><a name="39211"><span class="ref">[39211] IIª-IIae q. 10 a. 5 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4080 idem non invenitur in diversis speciebus. Sed contingit aliquem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4081 esse infidelem ex eo quod errat circa diversa. Ergo diversitas
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4082 errorum non facit diversas species infidelitatis. Sic igitur
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4083 infidelitatis non sunt plures species.</p><p title="II-II q. 10 a. 5 s. c."><a name="39212"><span class="ref">[39212] IIª-IIae q. 10 a. 5 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4084 est quod unicuique virtuti opponuntur plures species vitiorum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4085 bonum enim contingit uno modo, malum vero multipliciter, ut patet
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4086 per Dionysium, IV cap. de Div. Nom., et per philosophum, in II
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4087 Ethic. Sed fides est una virtus. Ergo ei opponuntur plures
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4088 infidelitatis species.</p><p title="II-II q. 10 a. 5 co."><a name="39213"><span class="ref">[39213] IIª-IIae q. 10 a. 5 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4089 dicendum quod quaelibet virtus consistit in hoc quod attingat
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4090 regulam aliquam cognitionis vel operationis humanae, ut supra
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4091 dictum est. Attingere autem regulam est uno modo circa unam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4092 materiam, sed a regula deviare contingit multipliciter. Et ideo uni
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4093 virtuti multa vitia opponuntur. Diversitas autem vitiorum quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4094 unicuique virtuti opponitur potest considerari dupliciter. Uno
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4095 modo, secundum diversam habitudinem ad virtutem. Et secundum hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4096 determinatae sunt quaedam species vitiorum quae opponuntur virtuti,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4097 sicut virtuti morali opponitur unum vitium secundum excessum ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4098 virtutem, et aliud vitium secundum defectum a virtute. Alio modo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4099 potest considerari diversitas vitiorum oppositorum uni virtuti
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4100 secundum corruptionem diversorum quae ad virtutem requiruntur. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4101 secundum hoc uni virtuti, puta temperantiae vel fortitudini,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4102 opponuntur infinita vitia, secundum quod infinitis modis contingit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4103 diversas circumstantias virtutis corrumpi, ut a rectitudine
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4104 virtutis recedatur. Unde et Pythagorici malum posuerunt infinitum.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4105 Sic ergo dicendum est quod, si infidelitas attendatur secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4106 comparationem ad fidem, diversae sunt infidelitatis species et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4107 numero determinatae. Cum enim peccatum infidelitatis consistat in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4108 renitendo fidei, hoc potest contingere dupliciter. Quia aut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4109 renititur fidei nondum susceptae, et talis est infidelitas
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4110 Paganorum sive gentilium. Aut renititur fidei Christianae
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4111 susceptae, vel in figura, et sic est infidelitas Iudaeorum; vel in
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4112 ipsa manifestatione veritatis, et sic est infidelitas haereticorum.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4113 Unde in generali possunt assignari tres praedictae species
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4114 infidelitatis. Si vero distinguantur infidelitatis species secundum
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4115 errorem in diversis quae ad fidem pertinent, sic non sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4116 determinatae infidelitatis species, possunt enim errores in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4117 infinitum multiplicari, ut patet per Augustinum, in libro de
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
4118 haeresibus.</p><p title="II-II q. 10 a. 5 ad 1"><a name="39214"><span class="ref">[39214] IIª-IIae q. 10 a. 5 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4119 ergo dicendum quod formalis ratio alicuius peccati potest accipi
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4120 dupliciter. Uno modo, secundum intentionem peccantis, et sic id ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4121 quod convertitur peccans est formale obiectum peccati; et ex hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4122 diversificantur eius species. Alio modo, secundum rationem mali, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4123 sic illud bonum a quo receditur est formale obiectum peccati; sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4124 ex hac parte peccatum non habet speciem, immo privatio est speciei.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4125 Sic igitur dicendum est quod infidelitatis obiectum est veritas
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4126 prima sicut a qua recedit, sed formale eius obiectum sicut ad quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4127 convertitur est sententia falsa quam sequitur; et ex hac parte eius
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4128 species diversificantur. Unde sicut caritas est una, quae inhaeret
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4129 summo bono, sunt autem diversa vitia caritati opposita, quae per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4130 conversionem ad diversa bona temporalia recedunt ab uno summo bono,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4131 et iterum secundum diversas habitudines inordinatas ad Deum; ita
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4132 etiam fides est una virtus, ex hoc quod adhaeret uni primae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4133 veritati; sed infidelitatis species sunt multae, ex hoc quod
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
4134 infideles diversas falsas sententias sequuntur.</p><p title="II-II q. 10 a. 5 ad 2"><a name="39215"><span class="ref">[39215] IIª-IIae q. 10 a. 5 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4135 dicendum quod obiectio illa procedit de distinctione specierum
53
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parents: 28
diff changeset
4136 infidelitatis secundum diversa in quibus erratur.</p><p title="II-II q. 10 a. 5 ad 3"><a name="39216"><span class="ref">[39216] IIª-IIae q. 10 a. 5 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4137 dicendum quod sicut fides est una quia multa credit in ordine ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4138 unum, ita infidelitas potest esse una, etiam si in multis erret,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4139 inquantum omnia habent ordinem ad unum. Nihil tamen prohibet
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4140 hominem diversis infidelitatis speciebus errare, sicut etiam potest
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4141 unus homo diversis vitiis subiacere et diversis corporalibus
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
4142 morbis.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 6</h3><p title="II-II q. 10 a. 6 arg. 1"><a name="39217"><span class="ref">[39217] IIª-IIae q. 10 a. 6 arg. 1</span></a> Ad sextum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4143 sic proceditur. Videtur quod infidelitas gentilium sive Paganorum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4144 sit gravior ceteris. Sicut enim corporalis morbus tanto est gravior
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4145 quanto saluti principalioris membri contrariatur, ita peccatum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4146 tanto videtur esse gravius quanto contrariatur ei quod est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4147 principalius in virtute. Sed principalius in fide est fides
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4148 unitatis divinae, a qua deficiunt gentiles, multitudinem deorum
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
4149 credentes. Ergo eorum infidelitas est gravissima.</p><p title="II-II q. 10 a. 6 arg. 2"><a name="39218"><span class="ref">[39218] IIª-IIae q. 10 a. 6 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4150 inter haereticos tanto haeresis aliquorum detestabilior est quanto
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4151 in pluribus et principalioribus veritati fidei contradicunt, sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4152 haeresis Arii, qui separavit divinitatem, detestabilior fuit quam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4153 haeresis Nestorii, qui separavit humanitatem Christi a persona
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4154 filii Dei. Sed gentiles in pluribus et principalioribus recedunt a
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4155 fide quam Iudaei et haeretici, quia omnino nihil de fide recipiunt.
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
4156 Ergo eorum infidelitas est gravissima.</p><p title="II-II q. 10 a. 6 arg. 3"><a name="39219"><span class="ref">[39219] IIª-IIae q. 10 a. 6 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4157 omne bonum est diminutivum mali. Sed aliquod bonum est in Iudaeis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4158 quia confitentur vetus testamentum esse a Deo. Bonum etiam est in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4159 haereticis, quia venerantur novum testamentum. Ergo minus peccant
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
4160 quam gentiles, qui utrumque testamentum detestantur.</p><p title="II-II q. 10 a. 6 s. c."><a name="39220"><span class="ref">[39220] IIª-IIae q. 10 a. 6 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4161 est quod dicitur II Pet. II, <i>melius erat illis non cognoscere
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4162 viam iustitiae quam post cognitam retrorsum converti</i>. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4163 gentiles non cognoverunt viam iustitiae, haeretici autem et Iudaei
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4164 aliqualiter cognoscentes deseruerunt. Ergo eorum peccatum est
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
4165 gravius.</p><p title="II-II q. 10 a. 6 co."><a name="39221"><span class="ref">[39221] IIª-IIae q. 10 a. 6 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4166 dicendum quod in infidelitate, sicut dictum est, duo possunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4167 considerari. Quorum unum est comparatio eius ad fidem. Et ex hac
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4168 parte aliquis gravius contra fidem peccat qui fidei renititur quam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4169 suscepit quam qui renititur fidei nondum susceptae, sicut gravius
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4170 peccat qui non implet quod promisit quam si non impleat quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4171 nunquam promisit. Et secundum hoc infidelitas haereticorum, qui
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4172 profitentur fidem Evangelii et ei renituntur corrumpentes ipsam,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4173 gravius peccant quam Iudaei, qui fidem Evangelii nunquam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4174 susceperunt. Sed quia susceperunt eius figuram in veteri lege, quam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4175 male interpretantes corrumpunt, ideo etiam ipsorum infidelitas est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4176 gravius peccatum quam infidelitas gentilium, qui nullo modo fidem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4177 Evangelii susceperunt. Aliud quod in infidelitate consideratur est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4178 corruptio eorum quae ad fidem pertinent. Et secundum hoc, cum in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4179 pluribus errent gentiles quam Iudaei, et Iudaei quam haeretici,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4180 gravior est infidelitas gentilium quam Iudaeorum, et Iudaeorum quam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4181 haereticorum, nisi forte quorundam, puta Manichaeorum, qui etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4182 circa credibilia plus errant quam gentiles. Harum tamen duarum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4183 gravitatum prima praeponderat secundae quantum ad rationem culpae.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4184 Quia infidelitas habet rationem culpae, ut supra dictum est, magis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4185 ex hoc quod renititur fidei quam ex hoc quod non habet ea quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4186 fidei sunt, hoc enim videtur, ut dictum est, magis ad rationem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4187 poenae pertinere unde, simpliciter loquendo, infidelitas
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4188 haereticorum est pessima.</p><p title="II-II q. 10 a. 6 ad arg."><a name="39222"><span class="ref">[39222] IIª-IIae q. 10 a. 6 ad arg.</span></a> Et per
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4189 hoc patet responsio ad obiecta.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 7</h3><p title="II-II q. 10 a. 7 arg. 1"><a name="39223"><span class="ref">[39223] IIª-IIae q. 10 a. 7 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4190 septimum sic proceditur. Videtur quod non sit cum infidelibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4191 publice disputandum. Dicit enim apostolus, II ad Tim. II, <i>noli
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4192 verbis contendere, ad nihilum enim utile est nisi ad subversionem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4193 audientium</i>. Sed disputatio publica cum infidelibus fieri non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4194 potest sine contentione verborum. Ergo non est publice disputandum
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4195 cum infidelibus.</p><p title="II-II q. 10 a. 7 arg. 2"><a name="39224"><span class="ref">[39224] IIª-IIae q. 10 a. 7 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4196 lex Marciani Augusti, per canones confirmata, sic dicit,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4197 <i>iniuriam facit iudicio religiosissimae synodi, si quis semel
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4198 iudicata ac recte disposita revolvere et publice disputare
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4199 contendit</i>. Sed omnia quae ad fidem pertinent sunt per sacra
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4200 Concilia determinata. Ergo graviter peccat, iniuriam synodo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4201 faciens, si quis de his quae sunt fidei publice disputare
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4202 praesumat.</p><p title="II-II q. 10 a. 7 arg. 3"><a name="39225"><span class="ref">[39225] IIª-IIae q. 10 a. 7 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4203 disputatio argumentis aliquibus agitur. Sed argumentum est ratio
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4204 rei dubiae faciens fidem. Ea autem quae sunt fidei, cum sint
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4205 certissima, non sunt in dubitationem adducenda. Ergo de his quae
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4206 sunt fidei non est publice disputandum.</p><p title="II-II q. 10 a. 7 s. c."><a name="39226"><span class="ref">[39226] IIª-IIae q. 10 a. 7 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4207 est quod Act. IX dicitur quod <i>Saulus invalescebat et confundebat
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4208 Iudaeos; et quod loquebatur gentibus et disputabat cum
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4209 Graecis</i>.</p><p title="II-II q. 10 a. 7 co."><a name="39227"><span class="ref">[39227] IIª-IIae q. 10 a. 7 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4210 dicendum quod in disputatione fidei duo sunt consideranda, unum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4211 quidem ex parte disputantis; aliud autem ex parte audientium. Ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4212 parte quidem disputantis est consideranda intentio. Si enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4213 disputet tanquam de fide dubitans, et veritatem fidei pro certo non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4214 supponens, sed argumentis experiri intendens, procul dubio peccat,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4215 tanquam dubius in fide et infidelis. Si autem disputet aliquis de
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4216 fide ad confutandum errores, vel etiam ad exercitium, laudabile
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4217 est. Ex parte vero audientium considerandum est utrum illi qui
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4218 disputationem audiunt sint instructi et firmi in fide, aut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4219 simplices et in fide titubantes. Et coram quidem sapientibus in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4220 fide firmis nullum periculum est disputare de fide. Sed circa
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4221 simplices est distinguendum. Quia aut sunt sollicitati sive pulsati
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4222 ab infidelibus, puta Iudaeis vel haereticis sive Paganis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4223 nitentibus corrumpere in eis fidem, aut omnino non sunt sollicitati
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4224 super hoc, sicut in terris in quibus non sunt infideles. In primo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4225 casu necessarium est publice disputare de fide, dummodo inveniantur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4226 aliqui ad hoc sufficientes et idonei, qui errores confutare
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4227 possint. Per hoc enim simplices in fide firmabuntur; et tolletur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4228 infidelibus decipiendi facultas; et ipsa taciturnitas eorum qui
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4229 resistere deberent pervertentibus fidei veritatem esset erroris
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4230 confirmatio. Unde Gregorius, in II Pastoral., <i>sicut incauta
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4231 locutio in errorem pertrahit, ita indiscretum silentium eos qui
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4232 erudiri poterant in errore derelinquit</i>. In secundo vero casu
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4233 periculosum est publice disputare de fide coram simplicibus; quorum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4234 fides ex hoc est firmior quod nihil diversum audierunt ab eo quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4235 credunt. Et ideo non expedit eis ut verba infidelium audiant
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4236 disceptantium contra fidem.</p><p title="II-II q. 10 a. 7 ad 1"><a name="39228"><span class="ref">[39228] IIª-IIae q. 10 a. 7 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4237 ergo dicendum quod apostolus non prohibet totaliter disputationem,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4238 sed inordinatam, quae magis fit contentione verborum quam firmitate
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4239 sententiarum.</p><p title="II-II q. 10 a. 7 ad 2"><a name="39229"><span class="ref">[39229] IIª-IIae q. 10 a. 7 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4240 dicendum quod lex illa prohibet publicam disputationem de fide quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4241 procedit ex dubitatione fidei, non autem illam quae est ad fidei
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4242 conservationem.</p><p title="II-II q. 10 a. 7 ad 3"><a name="39230"><span class="ref">[39230] IIª-IIae q. 10 a. 7 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4243 dicendum quod non debet disputari de his quae sunt fidei quasi de
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4244 eis dubitando, sed propter veritatem manifestandam et errores
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4245 confutandos. Oportet enim ad fidei confirmationem aliquando cum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4246 infidelibus disputare, quandoque quidem defendendo fidem, secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4247 illud I Pet. III, <i>parati semper ad satisfactionem omni poscenti
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4248 vos rationem de ea quae est in vobis spe et fide</i>; quandoque
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4249 autem ad convincendos errantes, secundum illud ad Tit. I, <i>ut sit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4250 potens exhortari in doctrina sana, et eos qui contradicunt
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4251 arguere</i>.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 8</h3><p title="II-II q. 10 a. 8 arg. 1"><a name="39231"><span class="ref">[39231] IIª-IIae q. 10 a. 8 arg. 1</span></a> Ad octavum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4252 sic proceditur. Videtur quod infideles nullo modo compellendi sint
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4253 ad fidem. Dicitur enim Matth. XIII quod servi patrisfamilias in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4254 cuius agro erant zizania seminata quaesierunt ab eo, <i>vis imus et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4255 colligimus ea? Et ipse respondit, non, ne forte, colligentes
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4256 zizania, eradicetis simul cum eis triticum</i>. Ubi dicit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4257 Chrysostomus, <i>haec dixit dominus prohibens occisiones fieri. Nec
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4258 enim oportet interficere haereticos, quia si eos occideritis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4259 necesse est multos sanctorum simul subverti</i>. Ergo videtur quod
53
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parents: 28
diff changeset
4260 pari ratione nec aliqui infideles sint ad fidem cogendi.</p><p title="II-II q. 10 a. 8 arg. 2"><a name="39232"><span class="ref">[39232] IIª-IIae q. 10 a. 8 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4261 in decretis, dist. XLV, sic dicitur, <i>de Iudaeis praecepit sancta
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4262 synodus nemini deinceps ad credendum vim inferre</i>. Ergo pari
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
4263 ratione nec alii infideles sunt ad fidem cogendi.</p><p title="II-II q. 10 a. 8 arg. 3"><a name="39233"><span class="ref">[39233] IIª-IIae q. 10 a. 8 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4264 Augustinus dicit quod cetera potest homo nolens, credere nonnisi
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4265 volens. Sed voluntas cogi non potest. Ergo videtur quod infideles
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
4266 non sint ad fidem cogendi.</p><p title="II-II q. 10 a. 8 arg. 4"><a name="39234"><span class="ref">[39234] IIª-IIae q. 10 a. 8 arg. 4</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4267 Ezech. XVIII dicitur ex persona Dei, <i>nolo mortem peccatoris</i>.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4268 Sed nos debemus voluntatem nostram conformare divinae, ut supra
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4269 dictum est. Ergo etiam nos non debemus velle quod infideles
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4270 occidantur.</p><p title="II-II q. 10 a. 8 s. c."><a name="39235"><span class="ref">[39235] IIª-IIae q. 10 a. 8 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4271 est quod dicitur Luc. XIV, <i>exi in vias et saepes et compelle
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4272 intrare, ut impleatur domus mea</i>. Sed homines in domum Dei,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4273 idest in Ecclesiam, intrant per fidem. Ergo aliqui sunt compellendi
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
4274 ad fidem.</p><p title="II-II q. 10 a. 8 co."><a name="39236"><span class="ref">[39236] IIª-IIae q. 10 a. 8 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4275 dicendum quod infidelium quidam sunt qui nunquam susceperunt fidem,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4276 sicut gentiles et Iudaei. Et tales nullo modo sunt ad fidem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4277 compellendi, ut ipsi credant, quia credere voluntatis est. Sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4278 tamen compellendi a fidelibus, si facultas adsit, ut fidem non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4279 impediant vel blasphemiis, vel malis persuasionibus, vel etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4280 apertis persecutionibus. Et propter hoc fideles Christi frequenter
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4281 contra infideles bellum movent, non quidem ut eos ad credendum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4282 cogant (quia si etiam eos vicissent et captivos haberent, in eorum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4283 libertate relinquerent an credere vellent), sed propter hoc ut eos
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4284 compellant ne fidem Christi impediant. Alii vero sunt infideles qui
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4285 quandoque fidem susceperunt et eam profitentur, sicut haeretici vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4286 quicumque apostatae. Et tales sunt etiam corporaliter compellendi
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4287 ut impleant quod promiserunt et teneant quod semel susceperunt.</p><p title="II-II q. 10 a. 8 ad 1"><a name="39237"><span class="ref">[39237] IIª-IIae q. 10 a. 8 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4288 ergo dicendum quod per illam auctoritatem quidam intellexerunt esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4289 prohibitam non quidem excommunicationem haereticorum, sed eorum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4290 occisionem, ut patet per auctoritatem Chrysostomi inductam. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4291 Augustinus, ad Vincentium, de se dicit, <i>haec primitus mea
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4292 sententia erat, neminem ad unitatem Christi esse cogendum, verbo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4293 esse agendum, disputatione pugnandum. Sed haec opinio mea non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4294 contradicentium verbis, sed demonstrantium superatur exemplis.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4295 Legum enim terror ita profuit ut multi dicant, gratias domino, qui
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4296 vincula nostra dirupit</i>. Quod ergo dominus dicit, <i>sinite
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4297 utraque crescere usque ad messem</i>, qualiter intelligendum sit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4298 apparet ex hoc quod subditur, <i>ne forte, colligentes zizania,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4299 eradicetis simul cum eis et triticum</i>. Ubi satis ostendit, sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4300 Augustinus dicit (contra Epist. Parmen.), <i>cum metus iste non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4301 subest, idest quando ita cuiusque crimen notum est et omnibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4302 execrabile apparet ut vel nullos prorsus, vel non tales habeat
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4303 defensores per quos possit schisma contingere, non dormiat
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4304 severitas disciplinae</i>.</p><p title="II-II q. 10 a. 8 ad 2"><a name="39238"><span class="ref">[39238] IIª-IIae q. 10 a. 8 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4305 dicendum quod Iudaei, si nullo modo susceperunt fidem, non sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4306 cogendi ad fidem. Si autem susceperunt fidem, <i>oportet ut fidem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4307 necessitate cogantur retinere</i>, sicut in eodem capitulo
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4308 dicitur.</p><p title="II-II q. 10 a. 8 ad 3"><a name="39239"><span class="ref">[39239] IIª-IIae q. 10 a. 8 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4309 dicendum quod, sicut vovere est voluntatis, reddere autem est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4310 necessitatis, ita accipere fidem est voluntatis, sed tenere iam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4311 acceptam est necessitatis. Et ideo haeretici sunt compellendi ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4312 fidem teneant. Dicit enim Augustinus, ad Bonifacium comitem, <i>ubi
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4313 est quod isti clamare consueverunt, liberum est credere vel non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4314 credere, cui vim Christus intulit? Agnoscant in Paulo prius
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4315 cogentem Christum et postea docentem</i>.</p><p title="II-II q. 10 a. 8 ad 4"><a name="39240"><span class="ref">[39240] IIª-IIae q. 10 a. 8 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4316 dicendum quod, sicut in eadem epistola Augustinus dicit, <i>nullus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4317 nostrum vult aliquem haereticum perire. Sed aliter non meruit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4318 habere pacem domus David, nisi Absalom filius eius in bello quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4319 contra patrem gerebat fuisset extinctus. Sic Ecclesia Catholica, si
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4320 aliquorum perditione ceteros colligit, dolorem materni sanat cordis
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4321 tantorum liberatione populorum</i>.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 9</h3><p title="II-II q. 10 a. 9 arg. 1"><a name="39241"><span class="ref">[39241] IIª-IIae q. 10 a. 9 arg. 1</span></a> Ad nonum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4322 sic proceditur. Videtur quod cum infidelibus possit communicari.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4323 Dicit enim apostolus, I ad Cor. X, <i>si quis vocat vos infidelium
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4324 ad coenam, et vultis ire, omne quod vobis apponitur manducate</i>.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4325 Et Chrysostomus dicit, <i>ad mensam Paganorum si volueris ire, sine
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4326 ulla prohibitione permittimus</i>. Sed ad coenam alicuius ire est
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
4327 ei communicare. Ergo licet infidelibus communicare.</p><p title="II-II q. 10 a. 9 arg. 2"><a name="39242"><span class="ref">[39242] IIª-IIae q. 10 a. 9 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4328 apostolus dicit, I ad Cor. V, <i>quid mihi est de his qui foris
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4329 sunt iudicare?</i> Foris autem sunt infideles. Cum igitur per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4330 iudicium Ecclesiae aliquorum communio fidelibus inhibeatur, videtur
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4331 quod non sit inhibendum fidelibus cum infidelibus communicare.</p><p title="II-II q. 10 a. 9 arg. 3"><a name="39243"><span class="ref">[39243] IIª-IIae q. 10 a. 9 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4332 dominus non potest uti servo nisi ei communicando saltem verbo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4333 quia dominus movet servum per imperium. Sed Christiani possunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4334 habere servos infideles, vel Iudaeos vel etiam Paganos sive
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4335 Saracenos. Ergo possunt licite cum eis communicare.</p><p title="II-II q. 10 a. 9 s. c."><a name="39244"><span class="ref">[39244] IIª-IIae q. 10 a. 9 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4336 est quod dicitur Deut. VII, <i>non inibis cum eis foedus, nec
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4337 misereberis eorum, neque sociabis cum eis connubia</i>. Et super
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4338 illud Lev. XV, <i>mulier quae redeunte mense</i> etc., dicit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4339 Glossa, <i>sic oportet ab idololatria abstinere ut nec idololatras
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4340 nec eorum discipulos contingamus, nec cum eis communionem
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4341 habeamus</i>.</p><p title="II-II q. 10 a. 9 co."><a name="39245"><span class="ref">[39245] IIª-IIae q. 10 a. 9 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4342 dicendum quod communio alicuius personae interdicitur fidelibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4343 dupliciter, uno modo, in poenam illius cui communio fidelium
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4344 subtrahitur; alio modo, ad cautelam eorum quibus interdicitur ne
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4345 alii communicent. Et utraque causa ex verbis apostoli accipi
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4346 potest, I ad Cor. V. Nam postquam sententiam excommunicationis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4347 protulit, subdit pro ratione, <i>nescitis quia modicum fermentum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4348 totam massam corrumpit?</i> Et postea rationem subdit ex parte
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4349 poenae per iudicium Ecclesiae illatae, cum dicit, <i>nonne de his
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4350 qui intus sunt vos iudicatis?</i> Primo igitur modo non interdicit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4351 Ecclesia fidelibus communionem infidelium qui nullo modo fidem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4352 Christianam receperunt, scilicet Paganorum vel Iudaeorum, quia non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4353 habet de eis iudicare spirituali iudicio, sed temporali, in casu
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4354 cum, inter Christianos commorantes, aliquam culpam committunt et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4355 per fideles temporaliter puniuntur. Sed isto modo, scilicet in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4356 poenam, interdicit Ecclesia fidelibus communionem illorum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4357 infidelium qui a fide suscepta deviant, vel corrumpendo fidem,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4358 sicut haeretici, vel etiam totaliter a fide recedendo, sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4359 apostatae. In utrosque enim horum excommunicationis sententiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4360 profert Ecclesia. Sed quantum ad secundum modum, videtur esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4361 distinguendum secundum diversas conditiones personarum et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4362 negotiorum et temporum. Si enim aliqui fuerint firmi in fide, ita
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4363 quod ex communione eorum cum infidelibus conversio infidelium magis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4364 sperari possit quam fidelium a fide aversio; non sunt prohibendi
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4365 infidelibus communicare qui fidem non susceperunt, scilicet Paganis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4366 vel Iudaeis, et maxime si necessitas urgeat. Si autem sint
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4367 simplices et infirmi in fide, de quorum subversione probabiliter
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4368 timeri possit, prohibendi sunt ab infidelium communione, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4369 praecipue ne magnam familiaritatem cum eis habeant, vel absque
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4370 necessitate eis communicent.</p><p title="II-II q. 10 a. 9 ad 1"><a name="39246"><span class="ref">[39246] IIª-IIae q. 10 a. 9 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4371 ergo dicendum quod dominus illud praecipit de illis gentibus quarum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4372 terram ingressuri erant Iudaei, qui erant proni ad idololatriam, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4373 ideo timendum erat ne per continuam conversationem cum eis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4374 alienarentur a fide. Et ideo ibidem subditur, <i>quia seducet
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4375 filium tuum ne sequatur me</i>.</p><p title="II-II q. 10 a. 9 ad 2"><a name="39247"><span class="ref">[39247] IIª-IIae q. 10 a. 9 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4376 dicendum quod Ecclesia in infideles non habet iudicium quoad poenam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4377 spiritualem eis infligendam. Habet tamen iudicium super aliquos
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4378 infideles quoad temporalem poenam infligendam, ad quod pertinet
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4379 quod Ecclesia aliquando, propter aliquas speciales culpas,
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4380 subtrahit aliquibus infidelibus communionem fidelium.</p><p title="II-II q. 10 a. 9 ad 3"><a name="39248"><span class="ref">[39248] IIª-IIae q. 10 a. 9 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4381 dicendum quod magis est probabile quod servus, qui regitur imperio
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4382 domini, convertatur ad fidem domini fidelis, quam e converso. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4383 ideo non est prohibitum quin fideles habeant servos infideles. Si
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4384 tamen domino periculum immineret ex communione talis servi, deberet
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4385 eum a se abiicere, secundum illud mandatum domini, Matth. V et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4386 XVIII, <i>si pes tuus scandalizaverit te, abscinde eum et proiice
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4387 abs te</i>.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 10</h3><p title="II-II q. 10 a. 10 arg. 1"><a name="39249"><span class="ref">[39249] IIª-IIae q. 10 a. 10 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4388 decimum sic proceditur. Videtur quod infideles possint habere
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4389 praelationem vel dominium supra fideles. Dicit enim apostolus, I ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4390 Tim. VI, <i>quicumque sunt sub iugo servi dominos suos omni honore
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4391 dignos arbitrentur</i>, et quod loquatur de infidelibus patet per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4392 hoc quod subdit, <i>qui autem fideles habent dominos non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4393 contemnant</i>. Et I Pet. II dicitur, <i>servi, subditi estote in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4394 omni timore dominis, non tantum bonis et modestis, sed etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4395 dyscolis</i>. Non autem hoc praeciperetur per apostolicam doctrinam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4396 nisi infideles possent fidelibus praeesse. Ergo videtur quod
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4397 infideles possint praeesse fidelibus.</p><p title="II-II q. 10 a. 10 arg. 2"><a name="39250"><span class="ref">[39250] IIª-IIae q. 10 a. 10 arg. 2</span></a>
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4398 Praeterea, quicumque sunt de familia alicuius principis subsunt ei.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4399 Sed fideles aliqui erant de familiis infidelium principum, unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4400 dicitur ad Philipp. IV, <i>salutant vos omnes sancti, maxime autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4401 qui de Caesaris domo sunt</i>, scilicet Neronis, qui infidelis
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4402 erat. Ergo infideles possunt fidelibus praeesse.</p><p title="II-II q. 10 a. 10 arg. 3"><a name="39251"><span class="ref">[39251] IIª-IIae q. 10 a. 10 arg. 3</span></a>
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4403 Praeterea, sicut philosophus dicit, in I Polit., servus est
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4404 instrumentum domini in his quae ad humanam vitam pertinent, sicut
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4405 et minister artificis est instrumentum artificis in his quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4406 pertinent ad operationem artis. Sed in talibus potest fidelis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4407 infideli subiici, possunt enim fideles infidelium coloni esse. Ergo
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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diff changeset
4408 infideles possunt fidelibus praefici etiam quantum ad dominium.</p><p title="II-II q. 10 a. 10 s. c."><a name="39252"><span class="ref">[39252] IIª-IIae q. 10 a. 10 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4409 est quod ad eum qui praeest pertinet habere iudicium super eos
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4410 quibus praeest. Sed infideles non possunt iudicare de fidelibus,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4411 dicit enim apostolus, I ad Cor. VI, <i>audet aliquis vestrum,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4412 habens negotium adversus alterum, iudicari apud iniquos, idest
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4413 infideles, et non apud sanctos?</i> Ergo videtur quod infideles
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
4414 fidelibus praeesse non possint.</p><p title="II-II q. 10 a. 10 co."><a name="39253"><span class="ref">[39253] IIª-IIae q. 10 a. 10 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4415 dicendum quod circa hoc dupliciter loqui possumus. Uno modo, de
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4416 dominio vel praelatione infidelium super fideles de novo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4417 instituenda. Et hoc nullo modo permitti debet. Cedit enim hoc in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4418 scandalum et in periculum fidei, de facili enim illi qui
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4419 subiiciuntur aliorum iurisdictioni immutari possunt ab eis quibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4420 subsunt ut sequantur eorum imperium, nisi illi qui subsunt fuerint
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4421 magnae virtutis. Et similiter infideles contemnunt fidem si
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4422 fidelium defectus cognoscant. Et ideo apostolus prohibuit quod
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4423 fideles non contendant iudicio coram iudice infideli. Et ideo nullo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4424 modo permittit Ecclesia quod infideles acquirant dominium super
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4425 fideles, vel qualitercumque eis praeficiantur in aliquo officio.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4426 Alio modo possumus loqui de dominio vel praelatione iam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4427 praeexistenti. Ubi considerandum est quod dominium et praelatio
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4428 introducta sunt ex iure humano, distinctio autem fidelium et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4429 infidelium est ex iure divino. Ius autem divinum, quod est ex
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4430 gratia, non tollit ius humanum, quod est ex naturali ratione. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4431 ideo distinctio fidelium et infidelium, secundum se considerata,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4432 non tollit dominium et praelationem infidelium supra fideles.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4433 Potest tamen iuste per sententiam vel ordinationem Ecclesiae,
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4434 auctoritatem Dei habentis, tale ius dominii vel praelationis tolli,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4435 quia infideles merito suae infidelitatis merentur potestatem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4436 amittere super fideles, qui transferuntur in filios Dei sed hoc
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4437 quidem Ecclesia quandoque facit, quandoque autem non facit. In
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4438 illis enim infidelibus qui etiam temporali subiectione subiiciuntur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4439 Ecclesiae et membris eius, hoc ius Ecclesiae statuit, ut servus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4440 Iudaeorum, statim factus Christianus, a servitute liberetur, nullo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4441 pretio dato, si fuerit vernaculus, idest in servitute natus; et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4442 similiter si, infidelis existens, fuerit emptus ad servitium. Si
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4443 autem fuerit emptus ad mercationem, tenetur eum infra tres menses
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4444 exponere ad vendendum. Nec in hoc iniuriam facit Ecclesia, quia,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4445 cum ipsi Iudaei sint servi Ecclesiae, potest disponere de rebus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4446 eorum; sicut etiam principes saeculares multas leges ediderunt erga
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4447 suos subditos in favorem libertatis. In illis vero infidelibus qui
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4448 temporaliter Ecclesiae vel eius membris non subiacent, praedictum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4449 ius Ecclesia non statuit, licet posset instituere de iure. Et hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4450 facit ad scandalum vitandum. Sicut etiam dominus, Matth. XVII,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4451 ostendit quod poterat se a tributo excusare quia liberi sunt filii,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4452 sed tamen mandavit tributum solvi ad scandalum vitandum. Ita etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4453 et Paulus, cum dixisset quod servi dominos suos honorarent,
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
4454 subiungit, <i>ne nomen domini et doctrina blasphemetur</i>.</p><p title="II-II q. 10 a. 10 ad 1"><a name="39254"><span class="ref">[39254] IIª-IIae q. 10 a. 10 ad 1</span></a> Unde patet
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4455 responsio ad primum.</p><p title="II-II q. 10 a. 10 ad 2"><a name="39255"><span class="ref">[39255] IIª-IIae q. 10 a. 10 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4456 dicendum quod illa praelatio Caesaris praeexistebat distinctioni
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4457 fidelium ab infidelibus, unde non solvebatur per conversionem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4458 aliquorum ad fidem. Et utile erat quod aliqui fideles locum in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4459 familia imperatoris haberent, ad defendendum alios fideles, sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4460 beatus Sebastianus Christianorum animos, quos in tormentis videbat
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4461 deficere, confortabat, et adhuc latebat sub militari chlamyde in
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
4462 domo Diocletiani.</p><p title="II-II q. 10 a. 10 ad 3"><a name="39256"><span class="ref">[39256] IIª-IIae q. 10 a. 10 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4463 dicendum quod servi subiiciuntur dominis suis ad totam vitam, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4464 subditi praefectis ad omnia negotia, sed ministri artificum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4465 subduntur eis ad aliqua specialia opera. Unde periculosius est quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4466 infideles accipiant dominium vel praelationem super fideles quam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4467 quod accipiant ab eis ministerium in aliquo artificio. Et ideo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4468 permittit Ecclesia quod Christiani possint colere terras Iudaeorum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4469 quia per hoc non habent necesse conversari cum eis. Salomon etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4470 expetiit a rege Tyri magistros operum ad ligna caedenda, ut habetur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4471 III Reg. V. Et tamen si ex tali communicatione vel convictu
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4472 subversio fidelium timeretur, esset penitus interdicendum.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 11</h3><p title="II-II q. 10 a. 11 arg. 1"><a name="39257"><span class="ref">[39257] IIª-IIae q. 10 a. 11 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4473 undecimum sic proceditur. Videtur quod ritus infidelium non sint
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4474 tolerandi. Manifestum est enim quod infideles in suis ritibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4475 peccant eos servando. Sed peccato consentire videtur qui non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4476 prohibet cum prohibere possit, ut habetur in Glossa Rom. I, super
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4477 illud, <i>non solum qui faciunt, sed etiam qui consentiunt
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4478 facientibus</i>. Ergo peccant qui eorum ritus tolerant.</p><p title="II-II q. 10 a. 11 arg. 2"><a name="39258"><span class="ref">[39258] IIª-IIae q. 10 a. 11 arg. 2</span></a>
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4479 Praeterea, ritus Iudaeorum idololatriae comparantur, quia super
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4480 illud Gal. V, <i>nolite iterum iugo servitutis contineri</i>, dicit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4481 Glossa, <i>non est levior haec legis servitus quam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4482 idololatriae</i>. Sed non sustineretur quod idololatriae ritum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4483 aliqui exercerent, quinimmo Christiani principes templa idolorum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4484 primo claudi, et postea dirui fecerunt, ut Augustinus narrat, XVIII
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4485 de Civ. Dei. Ergo etiam ritus Iudaeorum tolerari non debent.</p><p title="II-II q. 10 a. 11 arg. 3"><a name="39259"><span class="ref">[39259] IIª-IIae q. 10 a. 11 arg. 3</span></a>
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4486 Praeterea, peccatum infidelitatis est gravissimum, ut supra dictum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4487 est. Sed alia peccata non tolerantur, sed lege puniuntur, sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4488 adulterium, furtum et alia huiusmodi. Ergo etiam ritus infidelium
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4489 tolerandi non sunt.</p><p title="II-II q. 10 a. 11 s. c."><a name="39260"><span class="ref">[39260] IIª-IIae q. 10 a. 11 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4490 est quod in decretis, dist. XLV, Can. qui sincera, dicit Gregorius
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4491 de Iudaeis, <i>omnes festivitates suas, sicut hactenus ipsi et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4492 patres eorum per longa colentes tempora tenuerunt, liberam habeant
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4493 observandi celebrandique licentiam</i>.</p><p title="II-II q. 10 a. 11 co."><a name="39261"><span class="ref">[39261] IIª-IIae q. 10 a. 11 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4494 dicendum quod humanum regimen derivatur a divino regimine, et ipsum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4495 debet imitari. Deus autem, quamvis sit omnipotens et summe bonus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4496 permittit tamen aliqua mala fieri in universo, quae prohibere
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4497 posset, ne, eis sublatis, maiora bona tollerentur, vel etiam peiora
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4498 mala sequerentur. Sic igitur et in regimine humano illi qui
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4499 praesunt recte aliqua mala tolerant, ne aliqua bona impediantur,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4500 vel etiam ne aliqua mala peiora incurrantur, sicut Augustinus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4501 dicit, in II de ordine, <i>aufer meretrices de rebus humanis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4502 turbaveris omnia libidinibus</i>. Sic igitur, quamvis infideles in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4503 suis ritibus peccent, tolerari possunt vel propter aliquod bonum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4504 quod ex eis provenit, vel propter aliquod malum quod vitatur. Ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4505 hoc autem quod Iudaei ritus suos observant, in quibus olim
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4506 praefigurabatur veritas fidei quam tenemus, hoc bonum provenit quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4507 testimonium fidei nostrae habemus ab hostibus, et quasi in figura
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4508 nobis repraesentatur quod credimus. Et ideo in suis ritibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4509 tolerantur. Aliorum vero infidelium ritus, qui nihil veritatis aut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4510 utilitatis afferunt, non sunt aliqualiter tolerandi, nisi forte ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4511 aliquod malum vitandum, scilicet ad vitandum scandalum vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4512 dissidium quod ex hoc posset provenire, vel impedimentum salutis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4513 eorum, qui paulatim, sic tolerati, convertuntur ad fidem. Propter
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4514 hoc enim etiam haereticorum et Paganorum ritus aliquando Ecclesia
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4515 toleravit, quando erat magna infidelium multitudo.</p><p title="II-II q. 10 a. 11 ad arg."><a name="39262"><span class="ref">[39262] IIª-IIae q. 10 a. 11 ad arg.</span></a> Et per
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4516 hoc patet responsio ad obiecta.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 12</h3><p title="II-II q. 10 a. 12 arg. 1"><a name="39263"><span class="ref">[39263] IIª-IIae q. 10 a. 12 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4517 duodecimum sic proceditur. Videtur quod pueri Iudaeorum et aliorum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4518 infidelium sint baptizandi parentibus invitis. Maius enim est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4519 vinculum matrimoniale quam ius patriae potestatis, quia ius patriae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4520 potestatis potest per hominem solvi, cum filiusfamilias
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4521 emancipatur; vinculum autem matrimoniale non potest solvi per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4522 hominem, secundum illud Matth. XIX, <i>quod Deus coniunxit homo non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4523 separet</i>. Sed propter infidelitatem solvitur vinculum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4524 matrimoniale, dicit enim apostolus, I ad Cor. VII, <i>quod si
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4525 infidelis discedit, discedat, non enim servituti subiectus est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4526 frater aut soror in huiusmodi</i>; et canon dicit quod si coniux
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4527 infidelis non vult sine contumelia sui creatoris cum altero stare,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4528 quod alter coniugum non debet ei cohabitare. Ergo multo magis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4529 propter infidelitatem tollitur ius patriae potestatis in suos
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4530 filios. Possunt ergo eorum filii baptizari eis invitis.</p><p title="II-II q. 10 a. 12 arg. 2"><a name="39264"><span class="ref">[39264] IIª-IIae q. 10 a. 12 arg. 2</span></a>
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4531 Praeterea, magis debet homini subveniri circa periculum mortis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4532 aeternae quam circa periculum mortis temporalis. Sed si aliquis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4533 videret hominem in periculo mortis temporalis et ei non ferret
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4534 auxilium, peccaret. Cum ergo filii Iudaeorum et aliorum infidelium
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4535 sint in periculo mortis aeternae si parentibus relinquuntur, qui
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4536 eos in sua infidelitate informant, videtur quod sint eis auferendi
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4537 et baptizandi et in fidelitate instruendi.</p><p title="II-II q. 10 a. 12 arg. 3"><a name="39265"><span class="ref">[39265] IIª-IIae q. 10 a. 12 arg. 3</span></a>
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4538 Praeterea, filii servorum sunt servi et in potestate dominorum. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4539 Iudaei sunt servi regum et principum. Ergo et filii eorum. Reges
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4540 igitur et principes habent potestatem de filiis Iudaeorum facere
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4541 quod voluerint. Nulla ergo erit iniuria si eos baptizent invitis
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4542 parentibus.</p><p title="II-II q. 10 a. 12 arg. 4"><a name="39266"><span class="ref">[39266] IIª-IIae q. 10 a. 12 arg. 4</span></a>
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4543 Praeterea, quilibet homo magis est Dei, a quo habet animam, quam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4544 patris carnalis, a quo habet corpus. Non ergo est iniustum si pueri
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4545 Iudaeorum carnalibus parentibus auferantur et Deo per Baptismum
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4546 consecrentur.</p><p title="II-II q. 10 a. 12 arg. 5"><a name="39267"><span class="ref">[39267] IIª-IIae q. 10 a. 12 arg. 5</span></a>
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4547 Praeterea, Baptismus efficacior est ad salutem quam praedicatio,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4548 quia per Baptismum statim tollitur peccati macula, reatus poenae,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4549 et aperitur ianua caeli. Sed si periculum sequitur ex defectu
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4550 praedicationis, imputatur ei qui non praedicavit, ut habetur Ezech.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4551 III, et XXXIII de eo qui <i>videt gladium venientem et non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4552 insonuerit tuba</i>. Ergo multo magis, si pueri Iudaeorum damnentur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4553 propter defectum Baptismi, imputatur ad peccatum eis qui potuerunt
53
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diff changeset
4554 baptizare et non baptizaverunt.</p><p title="II-II q. 10 a. 12 s. c."><a name="39268"><span class="ref">[39268] IIª-IIae q. 10 a. 12 s. c.</span></a> Sed
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4555 contra, nemini facienda est iniuria. Fieret autem Iudaeis iniuria
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4556 si eorum filii baptizarentur eis invitis, quia amitterent ius
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4557 patriae potestatis in filios iam fideles. Ergo eis invitis non sunt
53
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diff changeset
4558 baptizandi.</p><p title="II-II q. 10 a. 12 co."><a name="39269"><span class="ref">[39269] IIª-IIae q. 10 a. 12 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4559 dicendum quod maximam habet auctoritatem Ecclesiae consuetudo, quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4560 semper est in omnibus aemulanda. Quia et ipsa doctrina Catholicorum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4561 doctorum ab Ecclesia auctoritatem habet, unde magis standum est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4562 auctoritati Ecclesiae quam auctoritati vel Augustini vel Hieronymi
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4563 vel cuiuscumque doctoris. Hoc autem Ecclesiae usus nunquam habuit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4564 quod Iudaeorum filii invitis parentibus baptizarentur, quamvis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4565 fuerint retroactis temporibus multi Catholici principes
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4566 potentissimi, ut Constantinus, Theodosius, quibus familiares
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4567 fuerunt sanctissimi episcopi, ut Sylvester Constantino et Ambrosius
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4568 Theodosio, qui nullo modo hoc praetermisissent ab eis impetrare, si
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4569 hoc esset consonum rationi. Et ideo periculosum videtur hanc
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4570 assertionem de novo inducere, ut praeter consuetudinem in Ecclesia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4571 hactenus observatam, Iudaeorum filii invitis parentibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4572 baptizarentur. Et huius ratio est duplex. Una quidem propter
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4573 periculum fidei. Si enim pueri nondum usum rationis habentes
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4574 Baptismum susciperent, postmodum, cum ad perfectam aetatem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4575 pervenirent, de facili possent a parentibus induci ut relinquerent
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4576 quod ignorantes susceperunt. Quod vergeret in fidei detrimentum.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4577 Alia vero ratio est quia repugnat iustitiae naturali. Filius enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4578 naturaliter est aliquid patris. Et primo quidem a parentibus non
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4579 distinguitur secundum corpus, quandiu in matris utero continetur.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4580 Postmodum vero, postquam ab utero egreditur, antequam usum liberi
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4581 arbitrii habeat, continetur sub parentum cura sicut sub quodam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4582 spirituali utero. Quandiu enim usum rationis non habet puer, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4583 differt ab animali irrationali. Unde sicut bos vel equus est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4584 alicuius ut utatur eo cum voluerit, secundum ius civile, sicut
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4585 proprio instrumento; ita de iure naturali est quod filius, antequam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4586 habeat usum rationis, sit sub cura patris. Unde contra iustitiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4587 naturalem esset si puer, antequam habeat usum rationis, a cura
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4588 parentum subtrahatur, vel de eo aliquid ordinetur invitis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4589 parentibus. Postquam autem incipit habere usum liberi arbitrii, iam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4590 incipit esse suus, et potest, quantum ad ea quae sunt iuris divini
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4591 vel naturalis, sibi ipsi providere. Et tunc est inducendus ad fidem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4592 non coactione, sed persuasione; et potest etiam invitis parentibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4593 consentire fidei et baptizari, non autem antequam habeat usum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4594 rationis. Unde de pueris antiquorum patrum dicitur quod salvati
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4595 sunt in fide parentum, per quod datur intelligi quod ad parentes
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4596 pertinet providere filiis de sua salute, praecipue antequam habeant
53
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diff changeset
4597 usum rationis.</p><p title="II-II q. 10 a. 12 ad 1"><a name="39270"><span class="ref">[39270] IIª-IIae q. 10 a. 12 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4598 ergo dicendum quod in vinculo matrimoniali uterque coniugum habet
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4599 usum liberi arbitrii, et uterque potest invito altero fidei
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4600 assentire. Sed hoc non habet locum in puero antequam habeat usum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4601 rationis. Sed postquam habet usum rationis, tunc tenet similitudo,
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
4602 si converti voluerit.</p><p title="II-II q. 10 a. 12 ad 2"><a name="39271"><span class="ref">[39271] IIª-IIae q. 10 a. 12 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4603 dicendum quod a morte naturali non est aliquis eripiendus contra
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4604 ordinem iuris civilis, puta, si aliquis a suo iudice condemnetur ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4605 mortem temporalem, nullus debet eum violenter eripere. Unde nec
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4606 aliquis debet irrumpere ordinem iuris naturalis, quo filius est sub
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
4607 cura patris, ut eum liberet a periculo mortis aeternae.</p><p title="II-II q. 10 a. 12 ad 3"><a name="39272"><span class="ref">[39272] IIª-IIae q. 10 a. 12 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4608 dicendum quod Iudaei sunt servi principum servitute civili, quae
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
4609 non excludit ordinem iuris naturalis vel divini.</p><p title="II-II q. 10 a. 12 ad 4"><a name="39273"><span class="ref">[39273] IIª-IIae q. 10 a. 12 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4610 dicendum quod homo ordinatur ad Deum per rationem, per quam eum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4611 cognoscere potest. Unde puer, antequam usum rationis habeat,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4612 naturali ordine ordinatur in Deum per rationem parentum, quorum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4613 curae naturaliter subiacet; et secundum eorum dispositionem sunt
53
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parents: 28
diff changeset
4614 circa ipsum divina agenda.</p><p title="II-II q. 10 a. 12 ad 5"><a name="39274"><span class="ref">[39274] IIª-IIae q. 10 a. 12 ad 5</span></a> Ad quintum
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4615 dicendum quod periculum quod sequitur de praedicatione omissa non
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4616 imminet nisi eis quibus commissum est officium praedicandi, unde in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4617 Ezechiel praemittitur, <i>speculatorem dedi te filiis Israel</i>.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4618 Providere autem pueris infidelium de sacramentis salutis pertinet
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4619 ad parentes eorum. Unde eis imminet periculum si, propter
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4620 subtractionem sacramentorum, eorum parvuli detrimentum salutis
53
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parents: 28
diff changeset
4621 patiantur.</p></div></div><div class="q" id="q11"><h2>Quaestio 11</h2><div class="p"><h3>Prooemium</h3><p title="II-II q. 11 pr."><a name="39275"><span class="ref">[39275] IIª-IIae q. 11 pr.</span></a> Deinde
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4622 considerandum est de haeresi. Circa quam quaeruntur quatuor. Primo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4623 utrum haeresis sit infidelitatis species. Secundo, de materia eius
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4624 circa quam est. Tertio, utrum haeretici sint tolerandi. Quarto,
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
4625 utrum revertentes sint recipiendi.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 1</h3><p title="II-II q. 11 a. 1 arg. 1"><a name="39276"><span class="ref">[39276] IIª-IIae q. 11 a. 1 arg. 1</span></a> Ad primum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4626 sic proceditur. Videtur quod haeresis non sit infidelitatis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4627 species. Infidelitas enim in intellectu est, ut supra dictum est.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4628 Sed haeresis non videtur ad intellectum pertinere, sed magis ad vim
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4629 appetitivam. Dicit enim Hieronymus, et habetur in decretis, XXIV,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4630 qu. III, <i>haeresis Graece ab electione dicitur, quod scilicet eam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4631 sibi unusquisque eligat disciplinam quam putat esse meliorem</i>,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4632 electio autem est actus appetitivae virtutis, ut supra dictum est.
53
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diff changeset
4633 Ergo haeresis non est infidelitatis species.</p><p title="II-II q. 11 a. 1 arg. 2"><a name="39277"><span class="ref">[39277] IIª-IIae q. 11 a. 1 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4634 vitium praecipue accipit speciem a fine, unde philosophus dicit, in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4635 V Ethic., quod <i>ille qui moechatur ut furetur, magis est fur quam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4636 moechus</i>. Sed finis haeresis est commodum temporale, et maxime
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4637 principatus et gloria, quod pertinet ad vitium superbiae vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4638 cupiditatis, dicit enim Augustinus, in libro de Util. Cred., quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4639 <i>haereticus est qui alicuius temporalis commodi, et maxime
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4640 gloriae principatusque sui gratia, falsas ac novas opiniones vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4641 gignit vel sequitur</i>. Ergo haeresis non est species
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
4642 infidelitatis, sed magis superbiae.</p><p title="II-II q. 11 a. 1 arg. 3"><a name="39278"><span class="ref">[39278] IIª-IIae q. 11 a. 1 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4643 infidelitas, cum sit in intellectu, non videtur ad carnem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4644 pertinere. Sed haeresis pertinet ad opera carnis, dicit enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4645 apostolus, ad Gal. V, <i>manifesta sunt opera carnis, quae sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4646 fornicatio, immunditia</i>; et inter cetera postmodum subdit,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4647 dissensiones, sectae, quae sunt idem quod haereses. Ergo haeresis
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4648 non est infidelitatis species.</p><p title="II-II q. 11 a. 1 s. c."><a name="39279"><span class="ref">[39279] IIª-IIae q. 11 a. 1 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4649 est quod falsitas veritati opponitur. Sed <i>haereticus est qui
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4650 falsas vel novas opiniones vel gignit vel sequitur</i>. Ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4651 opponitur veritati, cui fides innititur. Ergo sub infidelitate
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4652 continetur.</p><p title="II-II q. 11 a. 1 co."><a name="39280"><span class="ref">[39280] IIª-IIae q. 11 a. 1 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4653 dicendum quod nomen haeresis, sicut dictum est, electionem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4654 importat. Electio autem, ut supra dictum est, est eorum quae sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4655 ad finem, praesupposito fine. In credendis autem voluntas assentit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4656 alicui vero tanquam proprio bono, ut ex supradictis patet. Unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4657 quod est principale verum habet rationem finis ultimi, quae autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4658 secundaria sunt habent rationem eorum quae sunt ad finem. Quia vero
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4659 quicumque credit alicuius dicto assentit, principale videtur esse,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4660 et quasi finis, in unaquaque credulitate ille cuius dicto
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4661 assentitur, quasi autem secundaria sunt ea quae quis tenendo vult
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4662 alicui assentire. Sic igitur qui recte fidem Christianam habet sua
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4663 voluntate assentit Christo in his quae vere ad eius doctrinam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4664 pertinent. A rectitudine igitur fidei Christianae dupliciter
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4665 aliquis potest deviare. Uno modo, quia ipsi Christo non vult
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4666 assentire, et hic habet quasi malam voluntatem circa ipsum finem.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4667 Et hoc pertinet ad speciem infidelitatis Paganorum et Iudaeorum.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4668 Alio modo, per hoc quod intendit quidem Christo assentire, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4669 deficit in eligendo ea quibus Christo assentiat, quia non eligit ea
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4670 quae sunt vere a Christo tradita, sed ea quae sibi propria mens
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4671 suggerit. Et ideo haeresis est infidelitatis species pertinens ad
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
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diff changeset
4672 eos qui fidem Christi profitentur, sed eius dogmata corrumpunt.</p><p title="II-II q. 11 a. 1 ad 1"><a name="39281"><span class="ref">[39281] IIª-IIae q. 11 a. 1 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4673 ergo dicendum quod hoc modo electio pertinet ad infidelitatem sicut
53
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ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4674 et voluntas ad fidem, ut supra dictum est.</p><p title="II-II q. 11 a. 1 ad 2"><a name="39282"><span class="ref">[39282] IIª-IIae q. 11 a. 1 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4675 dicendum quod vitia habent speciem ex fine proximo, sed ex fine
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4676 remoto habent genus et causam. Sicut cum aliquis moechatur ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4677 furetur, est ibi quidem species moechiae ex proprio fine et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4678 obiecto, sed ex fine ultimo ostenditur quod moechia ex furto
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4679 oritur, et sub eo continetur sicut effectus sub causa vel sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4680 species sub genere, ut patet ex his quae supra de actibus dicta
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4681 sunt in communi. Unde et similiter in proposito finis proximus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4682 haeresis est adhaerere falsae sententiae propriae, et ex hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4683 speciem habet. Sed ex fine remoto ostenditur causa eius, scilicet
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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diff changeset
4684 quod oritur ex superbia vel cupiditate.</p><p title="II-II q. 11 a. 1 ad 3"><a name="39283"><span class="ref">[39283] IIª-IIae q. 11 a. 1 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4685 dicendum quod, sicut haeresis dicitur ab eligendo, ita secta a
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4686 sectando, sicut Isidorus dicit, in libro Etymol., et ideo haeresis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4687 et secta idem sunt. Et utrumque pertinet ad opera carnis, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4688 quidem quantum ad ipsum actum infidelitatis respectu proximi
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4689 obiecti, sed ratione causae, quae est vel appetitus finis indebiti,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4690 secundum quod oritur ex superbia vel cupiditate, ut dictum est; vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4691 etiam aliqua phantastica illusio, quae est errandi principium, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4692 etiam philosophus dicit, in IV Metaphys. Phantasia autem quodammodo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4693 ad carnem pertinet, inquantum actus eius est cum organo
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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diff changeset
4694 corporali.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 2</h3><p title="II-II q. 11 a. 2 arg. 1"><a name="39284"><span class="ref">[39284] IIª-IIae q. 11 a. 2 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4695 secundum sic proceditur. Videtur quod haeresis non sit proprie
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4696 circa ea quae sunt fidei. Sicut enim sunt haereses et sectae in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4697 Christianis, ita etiam fuerunt in Iudaeis et Pharisaeis, sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4698 Isidorus dicit, in libro Etymol. Sed eorum dissensiones non erant
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4699 circa ea quae sunt fidei. Ergo haeresis non est circa ea quae sunt
53
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parents: 28
diff changeset
4700 fidei sicut circa propriam materiam.</p><p title="II-II q. 11 a. 2 arg. 2"><a name="39285"><span class="ref">[39285] IIª-IIae q. 11 a. 2 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4701 materia fidei sunt res quae creduntur. Sed haeresis non solum est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4702 circa res, sed etiam circa verba, et circa expositiones sacrae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4703 Scripturae. Dicit enim Hieronymus quod <i>quicumque aliter
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4704 Scripturam intelligit quam sensus spiritus sancti efflagitat, a quo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4705 scripta est, licet ab Ecclesia non recesserit, tamen haereticus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4706 appellari potest</i>, et alibi dicit quod ex verbis inordinate
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4707 prolatis fit haeresis. Ergo haeresis non est proprie circa materiam
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4708 fidei.</p><p title="II-II q. 11 a. 2 arg. 3"><a name="39286"><span class="ref">[39286] IIª-IIae q. 11 a. 2 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4709 etiam circa ea quae ad fidem pertinent inveniuntur quandoque sacri
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4710 doctores dissentire, sicut Hieronymus et Augustinus circa
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4711 cessationem legalium. Et tamen hoc est absque vitio haeresis. Ergo
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4712 haeresis non est proprie circa materiam fidei.</p><p title="II-II q. 11 a. 2 s. c."><a name="39287"><span class="ref">[39287] IIª-IIae q. 11 a. 2 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4713 est quod Augustinus dicit, contra Manichaeos, <i>qui in Ecclesia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4714 Christi morbidum aliquid pravumque quid sapiunt, si correcti ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4715 sanum rectumque sapiant, resistant contumaciter, suaque pestifera
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4716 et mortifera dogmata emendare nolunt, sed defendere persistunt,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4717 haeretici sunt</i>. Sed pestifera et mortifera dogmata non sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4718 nisi illa quae opponuntur dogmatibus fidei, per quam iustus vivit,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4719 ut dicitur Rom. I. Ergo haeresis est circa ea quae sunt fidei sicut
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
4720 circa propriam materiam.</p><p title="II-II q. 11 a. 2 co."><a name="39288"><span class="ref">[39288] IIª-IIae q. 11 a. 2 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4721 dicendum quod de haeresi nunc loquimur secundum quod importat
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4722 corruptionem fidei Christianae. Non autem ad corruptionem fidei
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4723 Christianae pertinet si aliquis habeat falsam opinionem in his quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4724 non sunt fidei, puta in geometricalibus vel in aliis huiusmodi,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4725 quae omnino ad fidem pertinere non possunt, sed solum quando
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4726 aliquis habet falsam opinionem circa ea quae ad fidem pertinent. Ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4727 quam aliquid pertinet dupliciter, sicut supra dictum est, uno modo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4728 directe et principaliter, sicut articuli fidei; alio modo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4729 indirecte et secundario, sicut ea ex quibus sequitur corruptio
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4730 alicuius articuli. Et circa utraque potest esse haeresis, eo modo
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
4731 quo et fides.</p><p title="II-II q. 11 a. 2 ad 1"><a name="39289"><span class="ref">[39289] IIª-IIae q. 11 a. 2 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4732 ergo dicendum quod sicut haereses Iudaeorum et Pharisaeorum erant
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4733 circa opiniones aliquas ad Iudaismum vel Pharisaeam pertinentes,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4734 ita etiam Christianorum haereses sunt circa ea quae pertinent ad
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4735 fidem Christi.</p><p title="II-II q. 11 a. 2 ad 2"><a name="39290"><span class="ref">[39290] IIª-IIae q. 11 a. 2 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4736 dicendum quod ille dicitur aliter exponere sacram Scripturam quam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4737 spiritus sanctus efflagitat qui ad hoc expositionem sacrae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4738 Scripturae intorquet quod contrariatur ei quod est per spiritum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4739 sanctum revelatum. Unde dicitur Ezech. XIII de falsis prophetis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4740 quod perseveraverunt confirmare sermonem, scilicet per falsas
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4741 expositiones Scripturae. Similiter etiam per verba quae quis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4742 loquitur suam fidem profitetur, est enim confessio actus fidei, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4743 supra dictum est. Et ideo si sit inordinata locutio circa ea quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4744 sunt fidei, sequi potest ex hoc corruptio fidei. Unde Leo Papa in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4745 quadam epistola ad Proterium episcopum Alexandrinum, dicit, <i>quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4746 inimici Christi crucis omnibus et verbis nostris insidiantur et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4747 syllabis, nullam illis vel tenuem occasionem demus qua nos
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4748 Nestoriano sensui congruere mentiantur</i>.</p><p title="II-II q. 11 a. 2 ad 3"><a name="39291"><span class="ref">[39291] IIª-IIae q. 11 a. 2 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4749 dicendum quod, sicut Augustinus dicit, et habetur in decretis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4750 XXIV, qu. III, <i>si qui sententiam suam, quamvis falsam atque
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4751 perversam, nulla pertinaci animositate defendunt, quaerunt autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4752 cauta sollicitudine veritatem, corrigi parati cum invenerint,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4753 nequaquam sunt inter haereticos deputandi</i>, quia scilicet non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4754 habent electionem contradicentem Ecclesiae doctrinae. Sic ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4755 aliqui doctores dissensisse videntur vel circa ea quorum nihil
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4756 interest ad fidem utrum sic vel aliter teneatur; vel etiam in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4757 quibusdam ad fidem pertinentibus quae nondum erant per Ecclesiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4758 determinata. Postquam autem essent auctoritate universalis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4759 Ecclesiae determinata, si quis tali ordinationi pertinaciter
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4760 repugnaret, haereticus censeretur. Quae quidem auctoritas
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4761 principaliter residet in summo pontifice. Dicitur enim XXIV, qu. I,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4762 <i>quoties fidei ratio ventilatur, arbitror omnes fratres nostros
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4763 et coepiscopos non nisi ad Petrum, idest sui nominis auctoritatem,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4764 referre debere</i>. Contra cuius auctoritatem nec Hieronymus nec
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4765 Augustinus nec aliquis sacrorum doctorum suam sententiam defendit.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4766 Unde dicit Hieronymus, <i>haec est fides, Papa beatissime, quam in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4767 Catholica didicimus Ecclesia. In qua si minus perite aut parum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4768 caute forte aliquid positum est, emendari cupimus a te, qui Petri
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4769 fidem et sedem tenes. Si autem haec nostra confessio apostolatus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4770 tui iudicio comprobatur, quicumque me culpare voluerit, se
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4771 imperitum vel malevolum, vel etiam non Catholicum sed haereticum,
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4772 comprobabit</i>.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 3</h3><p title="II-II q. 11 a. 3 arg. 1"><a name="39292"><span class="ref">[39292] IIª-IIae q. 11 a. 3 arg. 1</span></a> Ad tertium
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4773 sic proceditur. Videtur quod haeretici sint tolerandi. Dicit enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4774 apostolus, II ad Tim. II, <i>servum Dei oportet mansuetum esse, cum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4775 modestia corripientem eos qui resistunt veritati, ne quando det
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4776 illis poenitentiam Deus ad cognoscendam veritatem, et resipiscant a
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4777 laqueis Diaboli</i>. Sed si haeretici non tolerantur, sed morti
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4778 traduntur, aufertur eis facultas poenitendi. Ergo hoc videtur esse
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4779 contra praeceptum apostoli.</p><p title="II-II q. 11 a. 3 arg. 2"><a name="39293"><span class="ref">[39293] IIª-IIae q. 11 a. 3 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4780 illud quod est necessarium in Ecclesia est tolerandum. Sed haereses
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4781 sunt necessariae in Ecclesia, dicit enim apostolus, I ad Cor. XI,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4782 <i>oportet haereses esse, ut et qui probati sunt manifesti fiant in
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4783 vobis</i>. Ergo videtur quod haeretici sunt tolerandi.</p><p title="II-II q. 11 a. 3 arg. 3"><a name="39294"><span class="ref">[39294] IIª-IIae q. 11 a. 3 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4784 dominus mandavit, Matth. XIII, servis suis ut zizania permitterent
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4785 crescere usque ad messem, quae est finis saeculi, ut ibidem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4786 exponitur. Sed per zizania significantur haeretici, secundum
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4787 expositionem sanctorum. Ergo haeretici sunt tolerandi.</p><p title="II-II q. 11 a. 3 s. c."><a name="39295"><span class="ref">[39295] IIª-IIae q. 11 a. 3 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4788 est quod apostolus dicit, ad Tit. III, <i>haereticum hominem, post
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4789 primam et secundam correptionem, devita, sciens quia subversus est
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4790 qui eiusmodi est</i>.</p><p title="II-II q. 11 a. 3 co."><a name="39296"><span class="ref">[39296] IIª-IIae q. 11 a. 3 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4791 dicendum quod circa haereticos duo sunt consideranda, unum quidem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4792 ex parte ipsorum; aliud ex parte Ecclesiae. Ex parte quidem ipsorum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4793 est peccatum per quod meruerunt non solum ab Ecclesia per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4794 excommunicationem separari, sed etiam per mortem a mundo excludi.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4795 Multo enim gravius est corrumpere fidem, per quam est animae vita,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4796 quam falsare pecuniam, per quam temporali vitae subvenitur. Unde si
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4797 falsarii pecuniae, vel alii malefactores, statim per saeculares
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4798 principes iuste morti traduntur; multo magis haeretici, statim cum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4799 de haeresi convincuntur, possent non solum excommunicari, sed et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4800 iuste occidi. Ex parte autem Ecclesiae est misericordia, ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4801 errantium conversionem. Et ideo non statim condemnat, sed post
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4802 primam et secundam correctionem, ut apostolus docet. Postmodum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4803 vero, si adhuc pertinax inveniatur, Ecclesia, de eius conversione
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4804 non sperans, aliorum saluti providet, eum ab Ecclesia separando per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4805 excommunicationis sententiam; et ulterius relinquit eum iudicio
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4806 saeculari a mundo exterminandum per mortem. Dicit enim Hieronymus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4807 et habetur XXIV, qu. III, <i>resecandae sunt putridae carnes, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4808 scabiosa ovis a caulis repellenda, ne tota domus, massa, corpus et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4809 pecora, ardeat, corrumpatur, putrescat, intereat. Arius in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4810 Alexandria una scintilla fuit, sed quoniam non statim oppressus
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4811 est, totum orbem eius flamma populata est</i>.</p><p title="II-II q. 11 a. 3 ad 1"><a name="39297"><span class="ref">[39297] IIª-IIae q. 11 a. 3 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4812 ergo dicendum quod ad modestiam illam pertinet ut primo et secundo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4813 corripiatur. Quod si redire noluerit, iam pro subverso habetur, ut
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4814 patet in auctoritate apostoli inducta.</p><p title="II-II q. 11 a. 3 ad 2"><a name="39298"><span class="ref">[39298] IIª-IIae q. 11 a. 3 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4815 dicendum quod utilitas quae ex haeresibus provenit est praeter
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4816 haereticorum intentionem, dum scilicet constantia fidelium
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4817 comprobatur, ut apostolus dicit; et ut excutiamus pigritiam,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4818 divinas Scripturas sollicitius intuentes, sicut Augustinus dicit.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4819 Sed ex intentione eorum est corrumpere fidem, quod est maximi
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4820 nocumenti. Et ideo magis respiciendum est ad id quod est per se de
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4821 eorum intentione, ut excludantur; quam ad hoc quod est praeter
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4822 eorum intentionem, ut sustineantur.</p><p title="II-II q. 11 a. 3 ad 3"><a name="39299"><span class="ref">[39299] IIª-IIae q. 11 a. 3 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4823 dicendum quod, sicut habetur in decretis, XXIV, qu. III, <i>aliud
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4824 est excommunicatio, et aliud eradicatio. Excommunicatur enim ad hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4825 aliquis</i>, ut ait apostolus, <i>ut spiritus eius salvus fiat in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4826 die domini</i>. Si tamen totaliter eradicentur per mortem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4827 haeretici, non est etiam contra mandatum domini, quod est in eo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4828 casu intelligendum quando non possunt extirpari zizania sine
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4829 extirpatione tritici, ut supra dictum est, cum de infidelibus in
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4830 communi ageretur.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 4</h3><p title="II-II q. 11 a. 4 arg. 1"><a name="39300"><span class="ref">[39300] IIª-IIae q. 11 a. 4 arg. 1</span></a> Ad quartum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4831 sic proceditur. Videtur quod revertentes ab haeresi sint omnino ab
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4832 Ecclesia recipiendi. Dicitur enim Ierem. III, ex persona domini,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4833 <i>fornicata es cum amatoribus multis, tamen revertere ad me, dicit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4834 dominus</i>. Sed Ecclesiae iudicium est iudicium Dei, secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4835 illud Deut. I, <i>ita parvum audietis ut magnum, neque accipietis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4836 cuiusquam personam, quia Dei iudicium est</i>. Ergo si aliqui
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4837 fornicati fuerint per infidelitatem, quae est spiritualis
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4838 fornicatio, nihilominus sunt recipiendi.</p><p title="II-II q. 11 a. 4 arg. 2"><a name="39301"><span class="ref">[39301] IIª-IIae q. 11 a. 4 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4839 dominus, Matth. XVIII, Petro mandat ut fratri peccanti dimittat non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4840 solum septies, sed usque septuagies septies, per quod intelligitur,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4841 secundum expositionem Hieronymi, quod quotiescumque aliquis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4842 peccaverit, est ei dimittendum. Ergo quotiescumque aliquis
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4843 peccaverit in haeresim relapsus, erit ab Ecclesia suscipiendus.</p><p title="II-II q. 11 a. 4 arg. 3"><a name="39302"><span class="ref">[39302] IIª-IIae q. 11 a. 4 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4844 haeresis est quaedam infidelitas. Sed alii infideles volentes
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4845 converti ab Ecclesia recipiuntur. Ergo etiam haeretici sunt
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4846 recipiendi.</p><p title="II-II q. 11 a. 4 s. c."><a name="39303"><span class="ref">[39303] IIª-IIae q. 11 a. 4 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4847 est quod decretalis dicit, quod <i>si aliqui, post abiurationem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4848 erroris, deprehensi fuerint in abiuratam haeresim recidisse,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4849 saeculari iudicio sunt relinquendi</i>. Non ergo ab Ecclesia sunt
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4850 recipiendi.</p><p title="II-II q. 11 a. 4 co."><a name="39304"><span class="ref">[39304] IIª-IIae q. 11 a. 4 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4851 dicendum quod Ecclesia, secundum domini institutionem, caritatem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4852 suam extendit ad omnes, non solum amicos, verum etiam inimicos et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4853 persequentes, secundum illud Matth. V, <i>diligite inimicos
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4854 vestros, benefacite his qui oderunt vos</i>. Pertinet autem ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4855 caritatem ut aliquis bonum proximi et velit et operetur. Est autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4856 duplex bonum. Unum quidem spirituale, scilicet salus animae, quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4857 principaliter respicit caritas, hoc enim quilibet ex caritate debet
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4858 alii velle. Unde quantum ad hoc, haeretici revertentes,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4859 quotiescumque relapsi fuerint, ab Ecclesia recipiuntur ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4860 poenitentiam, per quam impenditur eis via salutis. Aliud autem est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4861 bonum quod secundario respicit caritas, scilicet bonum temporale,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4862 sicuti est vita corporalis, possessio mundana, bona fama, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4863 dignitas ecclesiastica sive saecularis. Hoc enim non tenemur ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4864 caritate aliis velle nisi in ordine ad salutem aeternam et eorum et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4865 aliorum. Unde si aliquid de huiusmodi bonis existens in uno
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4866 impedire possit aeternam salutem in multis, non oportet quod ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4867 caritate huiusmodi bonum ei velimus, sed potius quod velimus eum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4868 illo carere, tum quia salus aeterna praeferenda est bono temporali;
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4869 tum quia bonum multorum praefertur bono unius. Si autem haeretici
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4870 revertentes semper reciperentur ut conservarentur in vita et aliis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4871 temporalibus bonis, posset in praeiudicium salutis aliorum hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4872 esse, tum quia, si relaberentur alios inficerent; tum etiam quia,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4873 si sine poena evaderent, alii securius in haeresim relaberentur;
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4874 dicitur enim Eccle. VIII, <i>ex eo quod non cito profertur contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4875 malos sententia, absque timore ullo filii hominum perpetrant
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4876 mala</i>. Et ideo Ecclesia quidem primo revertentes ab haeresi non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4877 solum recipit ad poenitentiam, sed etiam conservat eos in vita; et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4878 interdum restituit eos dispensative ad ecclesiasticas dignitates
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4879 quas prius habebant, si videantur vere conversi. Et hoc pro bono
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4880 pacis frequenter legitur esse factum. Sed quando recepti iterum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4881 relabuntur, videtur esse signum inconstantiae eorum circa fidem. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4882 ideo ulterius redeuntes recipiuntur quidem ad poenitentiam, non
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4883 tamen ut liberentur a sententia mortis.</p><p title="II-II q. 11 a. 4 ad 1"><a name="39305"><span class="ref">[39305] IIª-IIae q. 11 a. 4 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4884 ergo dicendum quod in iudicio Dei semper recipiuntur redeuntes,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4885 quia Deus scrutator est cordium, et vere redeuntes cognoscit. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4886 hoc Ecclesia imitari non potest. Praesumit autem eos non vere
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4887 reverti qui, cum recepti fuissent, iterum sunt relapsi. Et ideo eis
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4888 viam salutis non denegat, sed a periculo mortis eos non tuetur.</p><p title="II-II q. 11 a. 4 ad 2"><a name="39306"><span class="ref">[39306] IIª-IIae q. 11 a. 4 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4889 dicendum quod dominus loquitur Petro de peccato in eum commisso,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4890 quod est semper dimittendum, ut fratri redeunti parcatur. Non autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4891 intelligitur de peccato in proximum vel in Deum commisso, quod non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4892 est nostri arbitrii dimittere, ut Hieronymus dicit; sed in hoc est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4893 lege modus statutus, secundum quod congruit honori Dei et utilitati
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4894 proximorum.</p><p title="II-II q. 11 a. 4 ad 3"><a name="39307"><span class="ref">[39307] IIª-IIae q. 11 a. 4 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4895 dicendum quod alii infideles, qui nunquam fidem acceperant,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4896 conversi ad fidem nondum ostendunt aliquod signum inconstantiae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4897 circa fidem, sicut haeretici relapsi. Et ideo non est similis ratio
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4898 de utrisque.</p></div></div><div class="q" id="q12"><h2>Quaestio 12</h2><div class="p"><h3>Prooemium</h3><p title="II-II q. 12 pr."><a name="39308"><span class="ref">[39308] IIª-IIae q. 12 pr.</span></a> Deinde
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4899 considerandum est de apostasia. Et circa hoc quaeruntur duo. Primo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4900 utrum apostasia ad infidelitatem pertineat. Secundo, utrum propter
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4901 apostasiam a fide subditi absolvantur a dominio praesidentium
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4902 apostatarum.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 1</h3><p title="II-II q. 12 a. 1 arg. 1"><a name="39309"><span class="ref">[39309] IIª-IIae q. 12 a. 1 arg. 1</span></a> Ad primum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4903 sic proceditur. Videtur quod apostasia non pertineat ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4904 infidelitatem. Illud enim quod est omnis peccati principium non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4905 videtur ad infidelitatem pertinere, quia multa peccata sine
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4906 infidelitate existunt. Sed apostasia videtur esse omnis peccati
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4907 principium, dicitur enim Eccli. X, <i>initium superbiae hominis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4908 apostatare a Deo</i>; et postea subditur, <i>initium omnis peccati
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4909 superbia</i>. Ergo apostasia non pertinet ad infidelitatem.</p><p title="II-II q. 12 a. 1 arg. 2"><a name="39310"><span class="ref">[39310] IIª-IIae q. 12 a. 1 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4910 infidelitas in intellectu consistit. Sed apostasia magis videtur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4911 consistere in exteriori opere vel sermone, aut etiam in interiori
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4912 voluntate, dicitur enim Prov. VI, <i>homo apostata vir inutilis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4913 gradiens ore perverso, annuit oculis, terit pede, digito loquitur,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4914 pravo corde machinatur malum, et in omni tempore iurgia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4915 seminat</i>. Si quis etiam se circumcideret, vel sepulcrum Mahumeti
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4916 adoraret, apostata reputaretur. Ergo apostasia non pertinet directe
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4917 ad infidelitatem.</p><p title="II-II q. 12 a. 1 arg. 3"><a name="39311"><span class="ref">[39311] IIª-IIae q. 12 a. 1 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4918 haeresis, quia ad infidelitatem pertinet, est quaedam determinata
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4919 species infidelitatis. Si ergo apostasia ad infidelitatem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4920 pertineret, sequeretur quod esset quaedam determinata species
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4921 infidelitatis. Quod non videtur, secundum praedicta. Non ergo
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4922 apostasia ad infidelitatem pertinet.</p><p title="II-II q. 12 a. 1 s. c."><a name="39312"><span class="ref">[39312] IIª-IIae q. 12 a. 1 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4923 est quod dicitur Ioan. VI, multi ex discipulis eius abierunt retro,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4924 quod est apostatare, de quibus supra dixerat dominus, sunt quidam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4925 ex vobis qui non credunt. Ergo apostasia pertinet ad
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4926 infidelitatem.</p><p title="II-II q. 12 a. 1 co."><a name="39313"><span class="ref">[39313] IIª-IIae q. 12 a. 1 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4927 dicendum quod apostasia importat retrocessionem quandam a Deo. Quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4928 quidem diversimode fit, secundum diversos modos quibus homo Deo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4929 coniungitur. Primo namque coniungitur homo Deo per fidem; secundo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4930 per debitam et subiectam voluntatem ad obediendum praeceptis eius;
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4931 tertio, per aliqua specialia ad supererogationem pertinentia, sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4932 per religionem et clericaturam vel sacrum ordinem. Remoto autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4933 posteriori remanet prius, sed non convertitur. Contingit ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4934 aliquem apostatare a Deo retrocedendo a religione quam professus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4935 est, vel ab ordine quem suscepit, et haec dicitur apostasia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4936 religionis seu ordinis. Contingit etiam aliquem apostatare a Deo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4937 per mentem repugnantem divinis mandatis. Quibus duabus apostasiis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4938 existentibus, adhuc potest remanere homo Deo coniunctus per fidem.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4939 Sed si a fide discedat, tunc omnino a Deo retrocedere videtur. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4940 ideo simpliciter et absolute est apostasia per quam aliquis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4941 discedit a fide, quae vocatur apostasia perfidiae. Et per hunc
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4942 modum apostasia simpliciter dicta ad infidelitatem pertinet.</p><p title="II-II q. 12 a. 1 ad 1"><a name="39314"><span class="ref">[39314] IIª-IIae q. 12 a. 1 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4943 ergo dicendum quod obiectio illa procedit de secunda apostasia,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4944 quae importat voluntatem a mandatis Dei resilientem, quae invenitur
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4945 in omni peccato mortali.</p><p title="II-II q. 12 a. 1 ad 2"><a name="39315"><span class="ref">[39315] IIª-IIae q. 12 a. 1 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4946 dicendum quod ad fidem pertinet non solum credulitas cordis, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4947 etiam protestatio interioris fidei per exteriora verba et facta,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4948 nam confessio est actus fidei. Et per hunc etiam modum quaedam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4949 exteriora verba vel opera ad infidelitatem pertinent, inquantum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4950 sunt infidelitatis signa, per modum quo signum sanitatis sanum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4951 dicitur. Auctoritas autem inducta, etsi possit intelligi de omni
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4952 apostasia, verissime tamen convenit in apostasia a fide. Quia enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4953 fides est primum fundamentum sperandarum rerum, et sine fide
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4954 impossibile est placere Deo; sublata fide, nihil remanet in homine
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4955 quod possit esse utile ad salutem aeternam; et propter hoc primo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4956 dicitur, homo apostata vir inutilis. Fides etiam est vita animae,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4957 secundum illud Rom. I, <i>iustus ex fide vivit</i>. Sicut ergo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4958 sublata vita corporali, omnia membra et partes hominis a debita
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4959 dispositione recedunt; ita, sublata vita iustitiae, quae est per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4960 fidem, apparet inordinatio in omnibus membris. Et primo quidem in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4961 ore, per quod maxime manifestatur cor; secundo, in oculis; tertio,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4962 in instrumentis motus; quarto, in voluntate, quae ad malum tendit.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4963 Et ex his sequitur quod iurgia seminet, alios intendens separare a
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4964 fide, sicut et ipse recessit.</p><p title="II-II q. 12 a. 1 ad 3"><a name="39316"><span class="ref">[39316] IIª-IIae q. 12 a. 1 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4965 dicendum quod species alicuius qualitatis vel formae non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4966 diversificatur per hoc quod est terminus motus a quo vel ad quem,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4967 sed potius e converso secundum terminos motuum species attenduntur.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4968 Apostasia autem respicit infidelitatem ut terminum ad quem est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4969 motus recedentis a fide. Unde apostasia non importat determinatam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4970 speciem infidelitatis, sed quandam circumstantiam aggravantem,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4971 secundum illud II Pet. II, <i>melius erat eis veritatem non
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4972 cognoscere quam post agnitam retroire</i>.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 2</h3><p title="II-II q. 12 a. 2 arg. 1"><a name="39317"><span class="ref">[39317] IIª-IIae q. 12 a. 2 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4973 secundum sic proceditur. Videtur quod princeps propter apostasiam a
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4974 fide non amittat dominium in subditos, quin ei teneantur obedire.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4975 Dicit enim Ambrosius quod <i>Iulianus imperator, quamvis esset
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4976 apostata, habuit tamen sub se Christianos milites, quibus cum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4977 dicebat, producite aciem pro defensione reipublicae, obediebant
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4978 ei</i>. Ergo propter apostasiam principis subditi non absolvuntur
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4979 ab eius dominio.</p><p title="II-II q. 12 a. 2 arg. 2"><a name="39318"><span class="ref">[39318] IIª-IIae q. 12 a. 2 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4980 apostata a fide infidelis est. Sed infidelibus dominis inveniuntur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4981 aliqui sancti viri fideliter servisse, sicut Ioseph Pharaoni, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4982 Daniel Nabuchodonosor, et Mardochaeus Assuero. Ergo propter
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4983 apostasiam a fide non est dimittendum quin principi obediatur a
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4984 subditis.</p><p title="II-II q. 12 a. 2 arg. 3"><a name="39319"><span class="ref">[39319] IIª-IIae q. 12 a. 2 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4985 sicut per apostasiam a fide receditur a Deo, ita per quodlibet
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4986 peccatum. Si ergo propter apostasiam a fide perderent principes ius
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4987 imperandi subditis fidelibus, pari ratione propter alia peccata hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4988 amitterent. Sed hoc patet esse falsum. Non ergo propter apostasiam
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4989 a fide est recedendum ab obedientia principum.</p><p title="II-II q. 12 a. 2 s. c."><a name="39320"><span class="ref">[39320] IIª-IIae q. 12 a. 2 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4990 est quod Gregorius VII dicit, <i>nos, sanctorum praedecessorum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4991 statuta tenentes, eos qui excommunicatis fidelitate aut sacramento
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4992 sunt constricti, apostolica auctoritate a sacramento absolvimus, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4993 ne sibi fidelitatem observent omnibus modis prohibemus, quousque ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4994 satisfactionem veniant</i>. Sed apostatae a fide sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4995 excommunicati, sicut et haeretici, ut dicit decretalis ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4996 abolendam. Ergo principibus apostatantibus a fide non est
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4997 obediendum.</p><p title="II-II q. 12 a. 2 co."><a name="39321"><span class="ref">[39321] IIª-IIae q. 12 a. 2 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4998 dicendum quod, sicut supra dictum est, infidelitas secundum seipsam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4999 non repugnat dominio, eo quod dominium introductum est de iure
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5000 gentium, quod est ius humanum; distinctio autem fidelium et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5001 infidelium est secundum ius divinum, per quod non tollitur ius
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5002 humanum. Sed aliquis per infidelitatem peccans potest
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5003 sententialiter ius dominii amittere, sicut et quandoque propter
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5004 alias culpas. Ad Ecclesiam autem non pertinet punire infidelitatem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5005 in illis qui nunquam fidem susceperunt, secundum illud apostoli, I
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5006 ad Cor. V, <i>quid mihi de his qui foris sunt iudicare?</i> Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5007 infidelitatem illorum qui fidem susceperunt potest sententialiter
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5008 punire. Et convenienter in hoc puniuntur quod subditis fidelibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5009 dominari non possint, hoc enim vergere posset in magnam fidei
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5010 corruptionem; quia, ut dictum est, <i>homo apostata suo corde
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5011 machinatur malum et iurgia seminat</i>, intendens homines separare
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5012 a fide. Et ideo quam cito aliquis per sententiam denuntiatur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5013 excommunicatus propter apostasiam a fide, ipso facto eius subditi
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5014 sunt absoluti a dominio eius et iuramento fidelitatis quo ei
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
5015 tenebantur.</p><p title="II-II q. 12 a. 2 ad 1"><a name="39322"><span class="ref">[39322] IIª-IIae q. 12 a. 2 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5016 ergo dicendum quod illo tempore Ecclesia, in sui novitate, nondum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5017 habebat potestatem terrenos principes compescendi. Et ideo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5018 toleravit fideles Iuliano apostatae obedire in his quae non erant
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
5019 contra fidem, ut maius fidei periculum vitaretur.</p><p title="II-II q. 12 a. 2 ad 2"><a name="39323"><span class="ref">[39323] IIª-IIae q. 12 a. 2 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5020 dicendum quod alia ratio est de aliis infidelibus, qui nunquam
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
5021 fidem susceperunt, ut dictum est.</p><p title="II-II q. 12 a. 2 ad 3"><a name="39324"><span class="ref">[39324] IIª-IIae q. 12 a. 2 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5022 dicendum quod apostasia a fide totaliter separat hominem a Deo, ut
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
5023 dictum est, quod non contingit in quibuscumque aliis peccatis.</p></div></div><div class="q" id="q13"><h2>Quaestio 13</h2><div class="p"><h3>Prooemium</h3><p title="II-II q. 13 pr."><a name="39325"><span class="ref">[39325] IIª-IIae q. 13 pr.</span></a> Deinde
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5024 considerandum est de peccato blasphemiae, quod opponitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5025 confessioni fidei. Et primo, de blasphemia in generali; secundo, de
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5026 blasphemia quae dicitur peccatum in spiritum sanctum. Circa primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5027 quaeruntur quatuor. Primo, utrum blasphemia opponatur confessioni
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5028 fidei. Secundo, utrum blasphemia semper sit peccatum mortale.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5029 Tertio, utrum blasphemia sit maximum peccatorum. Quarto, utrum
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
5030 blasphemia sit in damnatis.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 1</h3><p title="II-II q. 13 a. 1 arg. 1"><a name="39326"><span class="ref">[39326] IIª-IIae q. 13 a. 1 arg. 1</span></a> Ad primum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5031 sic proceditur. Videtur quod blasphemia non opponatur confessioni
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5032 fidei. Nam blasphemare est contumeliam vel aliquod convicium
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5033 inferre in iniuriam creatoris. Sed hoc magis pertinet ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5034 malevolentiam contra Deum quam ad infidelitatem. Ergo blasphemia
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
5035 non opponitur confessioni fidei.</p><p title="II-II q. 13 a. 1 arg. 2"><a name="39327"><span class="ref">[39327] IIª-IIae q. 13 a. 1 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5036 ad Ephes. IV, super illud, <i>blasphemia tollatur a vobis</i>,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5037 dicit Glossa, quae fit in Deum vel in sanctos. Sed confessio fidei
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5038 non videtur esse nisi de his quae pertinent ad Deum, qui est fidei
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5039 obiectum. Ergo blasphemia non semper opponitur confessioni
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
5040 fidei.</p><p title="II-II q. 13 a. 1 arg. 3"><a name="39328"><span class="ref">[39328] IIª-IIae q. 13 a. 1 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5041 a quibusdam dicitur quod sunt tres blasphemiae species, quarum una
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5042 est cum attribuitur Deo quod ei non convenit; secunda est cum ab eo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5043 removetur quod ei convenit; tertia est cum attribuitur creaturae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5044 quod Deo appropriatur. Et sic videtur quod blasphemia non solum sit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5045 circa Deum, sed etiam circa creaturas. Fides autem habet Deum pro
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
5046 obiecto. Ergo blasphemia non opponitur confessioni fidei.</p><p title="II-II q. 13 a. 1 s. c."><a name="39329"><span class="ref">[39329] IIª-IIae q. 13 a. 1 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5047 est quod apostolus dicit, I ad Tim. I, <i>prius fui blasphemus et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5048 persecutor</i>; et postea subdit, <i>ignorans feci in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5049 incredulitate</i>. Ex quo videtur quod blasphemia ad infidelitatem
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
5050 pertineat.</p><p title="II-II q. 13 a. 1 co."><a name="39330"><span class="ref">[39330] IIª-IIae q. 13 a. 1 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5051 dicendum quod nomen blasphemiae importare videtur quandam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5052 derogationem alicuius excellentis bonitatis, et praecipue divinae.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5053 Deus autem, ut Dionysius dicit, I cap. de Div. Nom., est ipsa
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5054 essentia bonitatis. Unde quidquid Deo convenit pertinet ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5055 bonitatem ipsius; et quidquid ad ipsum non pertinet longe est a
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5056 ratione perfectae bonitatis, quae est eius essentia. Quicumque
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5057 igitur vel negat aliquid de Deo quod ei convenit, vel asserit de eo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5058 quod ei non convenit, derogat divinae bonitati. Quod quidem potest
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5059 contingere dupliciter, uno quidem modo, secundum solam opinionem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5060 intellectus; alio modo, coniuncta quadam affectus detestatione,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5061 sicut e contrario fides Dei per dilectionem perficitur ipsius.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5062 Huiusmodi igitur derogatio divinae bonitatis est vel secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5063 intellectum tantum; vel etiam secundum affectum. Si consistat
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5064 tantum in corde, est cordis blasphemia. Si autem exterius prodeat
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5065 per locutionem, est oris blasphemia. Et secundum hoc blasphemia
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
5066 confessioni opponitur.</p><p title="II-II q. 13 a. 1 ad 1"><a name="39331"><span class="ref">[39331] IIª-IIae q. 13 a. 1 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5067 ergo dicendum quod ille qui contra Deum loquitur convicium inferre
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5068 intendens, derogat divinae bonitati non solum secundum veritatem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5069 intellectus, sed etiam secundum pravitatem voluntatis detestantis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5070 et impedientis pro posse divinum honorem. Quod est blasphemia
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
5071 perfecta.</p><p title="II-II q. 13 a. 1 ad 2"><a name="39332"><span class="ref">[39332] IIª-IIae q. 13 a. 1 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5072 dicendum quod sicut Deus in sanctis suis laudatur, inquantum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5073 laudantur opera quae Deus in sanctis efficit; ita et blasphemia
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
5074 quae fit in sanctos ex consequenti in Deum redundat.</p><p title="II-II q. 13 a. 1 ad 3"><a name="39333"><span class="ref">[39333] IIª-IIae q. 13 a. 1 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5075 dicendum quod secundum illa tria non possunt, proprie loquendo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5076 distingui diversae species peccati blasphemiae. Attribuere enim Deo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5077 quod ei non convenit, vel removere ab eo quod ei convenit, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5078 differt nisi secundum affirmationem et negationem. Quae quidem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5079 diversitas habitus speciem non distinguit, quia per eandem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5080 scientiam innotescit falsitas affirmationum et negationum, et per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5081 eandem ignorantiam utroque modo erratur, cum negatio probetur per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5082 affirmationem, ut habetur I Poster. Quod autem ea quae sunt Dei
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5083 propria creaturis attribuantur, ad hoc pertinere videtur quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5084 aliquid ei attribuatur quod ei non conveniat. Quidquid enim est Deo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5085 proprium est ipse Deus, attribuere ergo id quod Dei proprium est
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
5086 alicui creaturae est ipsum Deum dicere idem creaturae.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 2</h3><p title="II-II q. 13 a. 2 arg. 1"><a name="39334"><span class="ref">[39334] IIª-IIae q. 13 a. 2 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5087 secundum sic proceditur. Videtur quod blasphemia non semper sit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5088 peccatum mortale. Quia super illud ad Col. III, <i>nunc autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5089 deponite vos</i> etc., dicit Glossa, post maiora prohibet minora.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5090 Et tamen subdit de blasphemia. Ergo blasphemia inter peccata minora
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
5091 computatur, quae sunt peccata venialia.</p><p title="II-II q. 13 a. 2 arg. 2"><a name="39335"><span class="ref">[39335] IIª-IIae q. 13 a. 2 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5092 omne peccatum mortale opponitur alicui praecepto Decalogi. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5093 blasphemia non videtur alicui eorum opponi. Ergo blasphemia non est
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
5094 peccatum mortale.</p><p title="II-II q. 13 a. 2 arg. 3"><a name="39336"><span class="ref">[39336] IIª-IIae q. 13 a. 2 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5095 peccata quae absque deliberatione committuntur non sunt mortalia,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5096 propter quod primi motus non sunt peccata mortalia, quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5097 deliberationem rationis praecedunt, ut ex supradictis patet. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5098 blasphemia quandoque absque deliberatione procedit. Ergo non semper
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
5099 est peccatum mortale.</p><p title="II-II q. 13 a. 2 s. c."><a name="39337"><span class="ref">[39337] IIª-IIae q. 13 a. 2 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5100 est quod dicitur Levit. XXIV, <i>qui blasphemaverit nomen domini,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5101 morte moriatur</i>. Sed poena mortis non infertur nisi pro peccato
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
5102 mortali. Ergo blasphemia est peccatum mortale.</p><p title="II-II q. 13 a. 2 co."><a name="39338"><span class="ref">[39338] IIª-IIae q. 13 a. 2 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5103 dicendum quod, sicut supra dictum est, peccatum mortale est per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5104 quod homo separatur a primo principio spiritualis vitae, quod est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5105 caritas Dei. Unde quaecumque caritati repugnant, ex suo genere sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5106 peccata mortalia. Blasphemia autem secundum genus suum repugnat
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5107 caritati divinae, quia derogat divinae bonitati, ut dictum est,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5108 quae est obiectum caritatis. Et ideo blasphemia est peccatum
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
5109 mortale ex suo genere.</p><p title="II-II q. 13 a. 2 ad 1"><a name="39339"><span class="ref">[39339] IIª-IIae q. 13 a. 2 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5110 ergo dicendum quod Glossa illa non est sic intelligenda quasi omnia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5111 quae subduntur sint peccata minora. Sed quia, cum supra non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5112 expressisset nisi maiora, postmodum etiam quaedam minora subdit,
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
5113 inter quae etiam quaedam de maioribus ponit.</p><p title="II-II q. 13 a. 2 ad 2"><a name="39340"><span class="ref">[39340] IIª-IIae q. 13 a. 2 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5114 dicendum quod, cum blasphemia opponatur confessioni fidei, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5115 dictum est, eius prohibitio reducitur ad prohibitionem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5116 infidelitatis, quae intelligitur in eo quod dicitur, <i>ego sum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5117 dominus Deus tuus</i> et cetera. Vel prohibetur per id quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5118 dicitur, <i>non assumes nomen Dei tui in vanum</i>. Magis enim in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5119 vanum assumit nomen Dei qui aliquod falsum de Deo asserit quam qui
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
5120 per nomen Dei aliquod falsum confirmat.</p><p title="II-II q. 13 a. 2 ad 3"><a name="39341"><span class="ref">[39341] IIª-IIae q. 13 a. 2 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5121 dicendum quod blasphemia potest absque deliberatione ex subreptione
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5122 procedere dupliciter. Uno modo, quod aliquis non advertat hoc quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5123 dicit esse blasphemiam. Quod potest contingere cum aliquis subito
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5124 ex aliqua passione in verba imaginata prorumpit, quorum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5125 significationem non considerat. Et tunc est peccatum veniale, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5126 non habet proprie rationem blasphemiae. Alio modo, quando advertit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5127 hoc esse blasphemiam, considerans significata verborum. Et tunc non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5128 excusatur a peccato mortali, sicut nec ille qui ex subito motu irae
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
5129 aliquem occidit iuxta se sedentem.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 3</h3><p title="II-II q. 13 a. 3 arg. 1"><a name="39342"><span class="ref">[39342] IIª-IIae q. 13 a. 3 arg. 1</span></a> Ad tertium
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5130 sic proceditur. Videtur quod peccatum blasphemiae non sit maximum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5131 peccatum. Malum enim dicitur quod nocet, secundum Augustinum, in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5132 Enchirid. Sed magis nocet peccatum homicidii, quod perimit vitam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5133 hominis, quam peccatum blasphemiae, quod Deo nullum nocumentum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5134 potest inferre. Ergo peccatum homicidii est gravius peccato
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
5135 blasphemiae.</p><p title="II-II q. 13 a. 3 arg. 2"><a name="39343"><span class="ref">[39343] IIª-IIae q. 13 a. 3 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5136 quicumque peierat inducit Deum testem falsitati, et ita videtur eum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5137 asserere esse falsum. Sed non quilibet blasphemus usque ad hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5138 procedit ut Deum asserat esse falsum. Ergo periurium est gravius
53
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parents: 28
diff changeset
5139 peccatum quam blasphemia.</p><p title="II-II q. 13 a. 3 arg. 3"><a name="39344"><span class="ref">[39344] IIª-IIae q. 13 a. 3 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5140 super illud Psalm., <i>nolite extollere in altum cornu vestrum</i>,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5141 dicit Glossa, <i>maximum est vitium excusationis peccati</i>. Non
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
5142 ergo blasphemia est maximum peccatum.</p><p title="II-II q. 13 a. 3 s. c."><a name="39345"><span class="ref">[39345] IIª-IIae q. 13 a. 3 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5143 est quod Isaiae XVIII, super illud, ad populum terribilem etc.,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5144 dicit Glossa, <i>omne peccatum, blasphemiae comparatum, levius
53
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parents: 28
diff changeset
5145 est</i>.</p><p title="II-II q. 13 a. 3 co."><a name="39346"><span class="ref">[39346] IIª-IIae q. 13 a. 3 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5146 dicendum quod, sicut supra dictum est, blasphemia opponitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5147 confessioni fidei. Et ideo habet in se gravitatem infidelitatis. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5148 aggravatur peccatum si superveniat detestatio voluntatis; et adhuc
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5149 magis si prorumpat in verba; sicut et laus fidei augetur per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5150 dilectionem et confessionem. Unde, cum infidelitas sit maximum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5151 peccatum secundum suum genus, sicut supra dictum est, consequens
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5152 est quod etiam blasphemia sit peccatum maximum, ad idem genus
53
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parents: 28
diff changeset
5153 pertinens et ipsum aggravans.</p><p title="II-II q. 13 a. 3 ad 1"><a name="39347"><span class="ref">[39347] IIª-IIae q. 13 a. 3 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5154 ergo dicendum quod homicidium et blasphemia si comparentur secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5155 obiecta in quae peccatur, manifestum est quod blasphemia, quae est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5156 directe peccatum in Deum, praeponderat homicidio, quod est peccatum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5157 in proximum. Si autem comparentur secundum effectum nocendi, sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5158 homicidium praeponderat, plus enim homicidium nocet proximo quam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5159 blasphemia Deo. Sed quia in gravitate culpae magis attenditur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5160 intentio voluntatis perversae quam effectus operis, ut ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5161 supradictis patet; ideo, cum blasphemus intendat nocumentum inferre
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5162 honori divino, simpliciter loquendo gravius peccat quam homicida.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5163 Homicidium tamen primum locum tenet in peccatis inter peccata in
53
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parents: 28
diff changeset
5164 proximum commissa.</p><p title="II-II q. 13 a. 3 ad 2"><a name="39348"><span class="ref">[39348] IIª-IIae q. 13 a. 3 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5165 dicendum quod super illud ad Ephes. IV, <i>blasphemia tollatur a
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5166 vobis</i>, dicit Glossa <i>peius est blasphemare quam peierare</i>.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5167 Qui enim peierat non dicit aut sentit aliquid falsum de Deo, sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5168 blasphemus, sed Deum adhibet testem falsitati non tanquam aestimans
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5169 Deum esse falsum testem, sed tanquam sperans quod Deus super hoc
53
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parents: 28
diff changeset
5170 non testificetur per aliquod evidens signum.</p><p title="II-II q. 13 a. 3 ad 3"><a name="39349"><span class="ref">[39349] IIª-IIae q. 13 a. 3 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5171 dicendum quod excusatio peccati est quaedam circumstantia aggravans
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5172 omne peccatum, etiam ipsam blasphemiam. Et pro tanto dicitur esse
53
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parents: 28
diff changeset
5173 maximum peccatum, quia quodlibet facit maius.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 4</h3><p title="II-II q. 13 a. 4 arg. 1"><a name="39350"><span class="ref">[39350] IIª-IIae q. 13 a. 4 arg. 1</span></a> Ad quartum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5174 sic proceditur. Videtur quod damnati non blasphement. Detinentur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5175 enim nunc aliqui mali a blasphemando propter timorem futurarum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5176 poenarum. Sed damnati has poenas experiuntur, unde magis eas
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
5177 abhorrent. Ergo multo magis a blasphemando compescuntur.</p><p title="II-II q. 13 a. 4 arg. 2"><a name="39351"><span class="ref">[39351] IIª-IIae q. 13 a. 4 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5178 blasphemia, cum sit gravissimum peccatum, est maxime demeritorium.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5179 Sed in futura vita non est status merendi neque demerendi. Ergo
53
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ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
5180 nullus erit locus blasphemiae.</p><p title="II-II q. 13 a. 4 arg. 3"><a name="39352"><span class="ref">[39352] IIª-IIae q. 13 a. 4 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5181 Eccle. XI dicitur quod <i>in quocumque loco lignum ceciderit, ibi
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5182 erit</i>, ex quo patet quod post hanc vitam homini non accrescit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5183 nec meritum nec peccatum quod non habuit in hac vita. Sed multi
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5184 damnabuntur qui in hac vita non fuerunt blasphemi. Ergo nec in
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
5185 futura vita blasphemabunt.</p><p title="II-II q. 13 a. 4 s. c."><a name="39353"><span class="ref">[39353] IIª-IIae q. 13 a. 4 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5186 est quod dicitur Apoc. XVI, <i>aestuaverunt homines aestu magno, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5187 blasphemaverunt nomen domini habentis potestatem super has
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5188 plagas</i>, ubi dicit Glossa quod <i>in Inferno positi, quamvis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5189 sciant se pro merito puniri, dolebunt tamen quod Deus tantam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5190 potentiam habeat quod plagas eis inferat</i>. Hoc autem esset
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
5191 blasphemia in praesenti. Ergo et in futuro.</p><p title="II-II q. 13 a. 4 co."><a name="39354"><span class="ref">[39354] IIª-IIae q. 13 a. 4 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5192 dicendum quod, sicut dictum est, ad rationem blasphemiae pertinet
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5193 detestatio divinae bonitatis. Illi autem qui sunt in Inferno
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5194 retinebunt perversam voluntatem, aversam a Dei iustitia, in hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5195 quod diligunt ea pro quibus puniuntur, et vellent eis uti si
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5196 possent, et odiunt poenas quae pro huiusmodi peccatis infliguntur;
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5197 dolent tamen de peccatis quae commiserunt, non quia ipsa odiant,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5198 sed quia pro eis puniuntur. Sic ergo talis detestatio divinae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5199 iustitiae est in eis interior cordis blasphemia. Et credibile est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5200 quod post resurrectionem erit in eis etiam vocalis blasphemia,
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
5201 sicut in sanctis vocalis laus Dei.</p><p title="II-II q. 13 a. 4 ad 1"><a name="39355"><span class="ref">[39355] IIª-IIae q. 13 a. 4 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5202 ergo dicendum quod homines deterrentur in praesenti a blasphemia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5203 propter timorem poenarum quas se putant evadere. Sed damnati in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5204 Inferno non sperant se posse poenas evadere. Et ideo, tanquam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5205 desperati, feruntur ad omne ad quod eis perversa voluntas
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
5206 suggerit.</p><p title="II-II q. 13 a. 4 ad 2"><a name="39356"><span class="ref">[39356] IIª-IIae q. 13 a. 4 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5207 dicendum quod mereri et demereri pertinent ad statum viae. Unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5208 bona in viatoribus sunt meritoria, mala vero demeritoria. In beatis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5209 autem bona non sunt meritoria, sed pertinentia ad eorum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5210 beatitudinis praemium. Et similiter mala in damnatis non sunt
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
5211 demeritoria, sed pertinent ad damnationis poenam.</p><p title="II-II q. 13 a. 4 ad 3"><a name="39357"><span class="ref">[39357] IIª-IIae q. 13 a. 4 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5212 dicendum quod quilibet in peccato mortali decedens fert secum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5213 voluntatem detestantem divinam iustitiam quantum ad aliquid. Et
53
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parents: 28
diff changeset
5214 secundum hoc poterit ei inesse blasphemia.</p></div></div><div class="q" id="q14"><h2>Quaestio 14</h2><div class="p"><h3>Prooemium</h3><p title="II-II q. 14 pr."><a name="39358"><span class="ref">[39358] IIª-IIae q. 14 pr.</span></a> Deinde
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5215 considerandum est in speciali de blasphemia in spiritum sanctum. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5216 circa hoc quaeruntur quatuor. Primo, utrum blasphemia vel peccatum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5217 in spiritum sanctum sit idem quod peccatum ex certa malitia.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5218 Secundo, de speciebus huius peccati. Tertio, utrum sit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5219 irremissibile. Quarto, utrum aliquis possit peccare in spiritum
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
5220 sanctum a principio, antequam alia peccata committat.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 1</h3><p title="II-II q. 14 a. 1 arg. 1"><a name="39359"><span class="ref">[39359] IIª-IIae q. 14 a. 1 arg. 1</span></a> Ad primum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5221 sic proceditur. Videtur quod peccatum in spiritum sanctum non sit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5222 idem quod peccatum ex certa malitia. Peccatum enim in spiritum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5223 sanctum est peccatum blasphemiae, ut patet Matth. XII. Sed non omne
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5224 peccatum ex certa malitia est peccatum blasphemiae, contingit enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5225 multa alia peccatorum genera ex certa malitia committi. Ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5226 peccatum in spiritum sanctum non est idem quod peccatum ex certa
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
5227 malitia.</p><p title="II-II q. 14 a. 1 arg. 2"><a name="39360"><span class="ref">[39360] IIª-IIae q. 14 a. 1 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5228 peccatum ex certa malitia dividitur contra peccatum ex ignorantia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5229 et contra peccatum ex infirmitate. Sed peccatum in spiritum sanctum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5230 dividitur contra peccatum in filium hominis, ut patet Matth. XII.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5231 Ergo peccatum in spiritum sanctum non est idem quod peccatum ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5232 certa malitia, quia quorum opposita sunt diversa, ipsa quoque sunt
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
5233 diversa.</p><p title="II-II q. 14 a. 1 arg. 3"><a name="39361"><span class="ref">[39361] IIª-IIae q. 14 a. 1 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5234 peccatum in spiritum sanctum est quoddam genus peccati cui
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5235 determinatae species assignantur. Sed peccatum ex certa malitia non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5236 est speciale genus peccati, sed est quaedam conditio vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5237 circumstantia generalis quae potest esse circa omnia peccatorum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5238 genera. Ergo peccatum in spiritum sanctum non est idem quod
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
5239 peccatum ex certa malitia.</p><p title="II-II q. 14 a. 1 s. c."><a name="39362"><span class="ref">[39362] IIª-IIae q. 14 a. 1 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5240 est quod Magister dicit, XLIII dist. II Lib. Sent., quod ille
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5241 peccat in spiritum sanctum cui malitia propter se placet. Hoc autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5242 est peccare ex certa malitia. Ergo idem videtur esse peccatum ex
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
5243 certa malitia quod peccatum in spiritum sanctum.</p><p title="II-II q. 14 a. 1 co."><a name="39363"><span class="ref">[39363] IIª-IIae q. 14 a. 1 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5244 dicendum quod de peccato seu blasphemia in spiritum sanctum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5245 tripliciter aliqui loquuntur. Antiqui enim doctores, scilicet
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5246 Athanasius, Hilarius, Ambrosius, Hieronymus et Chrysostomus dicunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5247 esse peccatum in spiritum sanctum quando, ad litteram, aliquid
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5248 blasphemum dicitur contra spiritum sanctum, sive spiritus sanctus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5249 accipiatur secundum quod est nomen essentiale conveniens toti
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5250 Trinitati, cuius quaelibet persona et spiritus est et sanctus; sive
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5251 prout est nomen personale unius in Trinitate personae. Et secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5252 hoc distinguitur, Matth. XII blasphemia in spiritum sanctum contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5253 blasphemiam in filium hominis. Christus enim operabatur quaedam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5254 humanitus, comedendo, bibendo et alia huiusmodi faciendo; et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5255 quaedam divinitus, scilicet Daemones eiiciendo, mortuos suscitando,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5256 et cetera huiusmodi; quae quidem agebat et per virtutem propriae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5257 divinitatis, et per operationem spiritus sancti, quo secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5258 humanitatem erat repletus. Iudaei autem primo quidem dixerant
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5259 blasphemiam in filium hominis, cum dicebant eum voracem, potatorem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5260 vini et publicanorum amatorem, ut habetur Matth. XI. Postmodum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5261 autem blasphemaverunt in spiritum sanctum, dum opera quae ipse
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5262 operabatur virtute propriae divinitatis et per operationem spiritus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5263 sancti, attribuebant principi Daemoniorum. Et propter hoc dicuntur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5264 in spiritum sanctum blasphemasse. Augustinus autem, in libro de
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5265 Verb. Dom., blasphemiam vel peccatum in spiritum sanctum dicit esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5266 finalem impoenitentiam, quando scilicet aliquis perseverat in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5267 peccato mortali usque ad mortem. Quod quidem non solum verbo oris
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5268 fit, sed etiam verbo cordis et operis, non uno sed multis. Hoc
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5269 autem verbum, sic acceptum, dicitur esse contra spiritum sanctum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5270 quia est contra remissionem peccatorum, quae fit per spiritum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5271 sanctum, qui est caritas patris et filii. Nec hoc dominus dixit
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5272 Iudaeis quasi ipsi peccarent in spiritum sanctum, nondum enim erant
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5273 finaliter impoenitentes. Sed admonuit eos ne, taliter loquentes, ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5274 hoc pervenirent quod in spiritum sanctum peccarent. Et sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5275 intelligendum est quod dicitur Marc. III, ubi, postquam dixerat,
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5276 <i>qui blasphemaverit in spiritum sanctum</i> etc., subiungit
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5277 Evangelista <i>quoniam dicebant, spiritum immundum habet</i>. Alii
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5278 vero aliter accipiunt, dicentes peccatum vel blasphemiam in
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5279 spiritum sanctum esse quando aliquis peccat contra appropriatum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5280 bonum spiritus sancti, cui appropriatur bonitas, sicut patri
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5281 appropriatur potentia et filio sapientia. Unde peccatum in patrem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5282 dicunt esse quando peccatur ex infirmitate; peccatum autem in
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5283 filium, quando peccatur ex ignorantia; peccatum autem in spiritum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5284 sanctum, quando peccatur ex certa malitia, idest ex ipsa electione
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5285 mali, ut supra expositum est. Quod quidem contingit dupliciter. Uno
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5286 modo, ex inclinatione habitus vitiosi, qui malitia dicitur, et sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5287 non est idem peccare ex malitia quod peccare in spiritum sanctum.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5288 Alio modo contingit ex eo quod per contemptum abiicitur et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5289 removetur id quod electionem peccati poterat impedire, sicut spes
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5290 per desperationem, et timor per praesumptionem, et quaedam alia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5291 huiusmodi, ut infra dicetur. Haec autem omnia quae peccati
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5292 electionem impediunt, sunt effectus spiritus sancti in nobis. Et
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
5293 ideo sic ex malitia peccare est peccare in spiritum sanctum.</p><p title="II-II q. 14 a. 1 ad 1"><a name="39364"><span class="ref">[39364] IIª-IIae q. 14 a. 1 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5294 ergo dicendum quod, sicut confessio fidei non solum consistit in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5295 protestatione oris, sed etiam in protestatione operis; ita etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5296 blasphemia spiritus sancti potest considerari et in ore et in corde
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
5297 et in opere.</p><p title="II-II q. 14 a. 1 ad 2"><a name="39365"><span class="ref">[39365] IIª-IIae q. 14 a. 1 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5298 dicendum quod secundum tertiam acceptionem blasphemia in spiritum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5299 sanctum distinguitur contra blasphemiam in filium hominis secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5300 quod filius hominis est etiam filius Dei, idest Dei virtus et Dei
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5301 sapientia. Unde secundum hoc, peccatum in filium hominis erit
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
5302 peccatum ex ignorantia vel ex infirmitate.</p><p title="II-II q. 14 a. 1 ad 3"><a name="39366"><span class="ref">[39366] IIª-IIae q. 14 a. 1 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5303 dicendum quod peccatum ex certa malitia secundum quod provenit ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5304 inclinatione habitus, non est speciale peccatum, sed quaedam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5305 generalis peccati conditio. Prout vero est ex speciali contemptu
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5306 effectus spiritus sancti in nobis, habet rationem specialis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5307 peccati. Et secundum hoc etiam peccatum in spiritum sanctum est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5308 speciale genus peccati. Et similiter secundum primam expositionem.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5309 Secundum autem secundam expositionem, non est speciale genus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5310 peccati, nam finalis impoenitentia potest esse circumstantia
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
5311 cuiuslibet generis peccati.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 2</h3><p title="II-II q. 14 a. 2 arg. 1"><a name="39367"><span class="ref">[39367] IIª-IIae q. 14 a. 2 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5312 secundum sic proceditur. Videtur quod inconvenienter assignentur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5313 sex species peccati in spiritum sanctum, scilicet desperatio,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5314 praesumptio, impoenitentia, obstinatio, impugnatio veritatis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5315 agnitae et invidentia fraternae gratiae; quas species ponit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5316 Magister, XLIII dist. II Lib. Sent. Negare enim divinam iustitiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5317 vel misericordiam ad infidelitatem pertinet. Sed per desperationem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5318 aliquis reiicit divinam misericordiam, per praesumptionem autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5319 divinam iustitiam. Ergo unumquodque eorum potius est species
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
5320 infidelitatis quam peccati in spiritum sanctum.</p><p title="II-II q. 14 a. 2 arg. 2"><a name="39368"><span class="ref">[39368] IIª-IIae q. 14 a. 2 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5321 impoenitentia videtur respicere peccatum praeteritum, obstinatio
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5322 autem peccatum futurum. Sed praeteritum vel futurum non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5323 diversificant speciem virtutis vel vitii, secundum enim eandem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5324 fidem qua credimus Christum natum, antiqui crediderunt eum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5325 nasciturum. Ergo obstinatio et impoenitentia non debent poni duae
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
5326 species peccati in spiritum sanctum.</p><p title="II-II q. 14 a. 2 arg. 3"><a name="39369"><span class="ref">[39369] IIª-IIae q. 14 a. 2 arg. 3</span></a>
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5327 <i>Praeterea, veritas et gratia per Iesum Christum facta est</i>,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5328 ut habetur Ioan. I. Ergo videtur quod impugnatio veritatis agnitae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5329 et invidentia fraternae gratiae magis pertineant ad blasphemiam in
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
5330 filium hominis quam ad blasphemiam in spiritum sanctum.</p><p title="II-II q. 14 a. 2 arg. 4"><a name="39370"><span class="ref">[39370] IIª-IIae q. 14 a. 2 arg. 4</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5331 Bernardus dicit, in libro de Dispensat. et Praecept., <i>quod nolle
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5332 obedire est resistere spiritui sancto</i>. Glossa etiam dicit,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5333 Levit. X, quod <i>simulata poenitentia est blasphemia spiritus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5334 sancti</i>. Schisma etiam videtur directe opponi spiritui sancto,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5335 per quem Ecclesia unitur. Et ita videtur quod non sufficienter
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
5336 tradantur species peccati in spiritum sanctum.</p><p title="II-II q. 14 a. 2 s. c."><a name="39371"><span class="ref">[39371] IIª-IIae q. 14 a. 2 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5337 Augustinus dicit, in libro de fide ad Petrum, quod illi qui
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5338 desperant de indulgentia peccatorum, vel qui sine meritis de
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5339 misericordia Dei praesumunt, peccant in spiritum sanctum. Et in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5340 Enchiridio dicit quod <i>qui in obstinatione mentis diem claudit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5341 extremum, reus est peccato in spiritum sanctum</i>. Et in libro de
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5342 Verb. Dom. dicit quod impoenitentia est peccatum in spiritum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5343 sanctum. Et in libro de Serm. Dom. in monte dicit quod invidiae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5344 facibus fraternitatem impugnare est peccare in spiritum sanctum. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5345 in libro de unico Bapt. dicit quod <i>qui veritatem contemnit, aut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5346 circa fratres malignus est, quibus veritas revelatur; aut circa
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5347 Deum ingratus, cuius inspiratione Ecclesia instruitur</i>; et sic
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
5348 videtur quod peccet in spiritum sanctum.</p><p title="II-II q. 14 a. 2 co."><a name="39372"><span class="ref">[39372] IIª-IIae q. 14 a. 2 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5349 dicendum quod, secundum quod peccatum in spiritum sanctum tertio
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5350 modo accipitur, convenienter praedictae species ei assignantur.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5351 Quae distinguuntur secundum remotionem vel contemptum eorum per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5352 quae potest homo ab electione peccati impediri. Quae quidem sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5353 vel ex parte divini iudicii; vel ex parte donorum ipsius; vel etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5354 ex parte ipsius peccati. Avertitur enim homo ab electione peccati
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5355 ex consideratione divini iudicii, quod habet iustitiam cum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5356 misericordia, et per spem, quae consurgit ex consideratione
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5357 misericordiae remittentis peccata et praemiantis bona, et haec
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5358 tollitur per desperationem, et iterum per timorem, qui insurgit ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5359 consideratione divinae iustitiae punientis peccata; et hic tollitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5360 per praesumptionem, dum scilicet aliquis se praesumit gloriam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5361 adipisci sine meritis, vel veniam sine poenitentia. Dona autem Dei
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5362 quibus retrahimur a peccato sunt duo. Quorum unum est agnitio
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5363 veritatis, contra quod ponitur impugnatio veritatis agnitae, dum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5364 scilicet aliquis veritatem fidei agnitam impugnat ut licentius
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5365 peccet. Aliud est auxilium interioris gratiae, contra quod ponitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5366 invidentia fraternae gratiae, dum scilicet aliquis non solum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5367 invidet personae fratris, sed etiam invidet gratiae Dei crescenti
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5368 in mundo. Ex parte vero peccati duo sunt quae hominem a peccato
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5369 retrahere possunt. Quorum unum est inordinatio et turpitudo actus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5370 cuius consideratio inducere solet in homine poenitentiam de peccato
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5371 commisso. Et contra hoc ponitur impoenitentia, non quidem eo modo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5372 quo dicit permanentiam in peccato usque ad mortem, sicut supra
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5373 impoenitentia accipiebatur (sic enim non esset speciale peccatum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5374 sed quaedam peccati circumstantia); sed accipitur hic impoenitentia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5375 secundum quod importat propositum non poenitendi. Aliud autem est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5376 parvitas et brevitas boni quod quis in peccato quaerit, secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5377 illud Rom. VI, <i>quem fructum habuistis in quibus nunc
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5378 erubescitis?</i> Cuius consideratio inducere solet hominem ad hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5379 quod eius voluntas in peccato non firmetur. Et hoc tollitur per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5380 obstinationem, quando scilicet homo firmat suum propositum in hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5381 quod peccato inhaereat. Et de his duobus dicitur Ierem. VIII,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5382 <i>nullus est qui agat poenitentiam super peccato suo, dicens, quid
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5383 feci?</i> Quantum ad primum; <i>omnes conversi sunt ad cursum quasi
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
5384 equus impetu vadens ad praelium</i>, quantum ad secundum.</p><p title="II-II q. 14 a. 2 ad 1"><a name="39373"><span class="ref">[39373] IIª-IIae q. 14 a. 2 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5385 ergo dicendum quod peccatum desperationis vel praesumptionis non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5386 consistit in hoc quod Dei iustitia vel misericordia non credatur,
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
5387 sed in hoc quod contemnatur.</p><p title="II-II q. 14 a. 2 ad 2"><a name="39374"><span class="ref">[39374] IIª-IIae q. 14 a. 2 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5388 dicendum quod obstinatio et impoenitentia non solum differunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5389 secundum praeteritum et futurum, sed secundum quasdam formales
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5390 rationes ex diversa consideratione eorum quae in peccato
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
5391 considerari possunt, ut dictum est.</p><p title="II-II q. 14 a. 2 ad 3"><a name="39375"><span class="ref">[39375] IIª-IIae q. 14 a. 2 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5392 dicendum quod gratiam et veritatem Christus fecit per dona spiritus
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
5393 sancti, quae hominibus dedit.</p><p title="II-II q. 14 a. 2 ad 4"><a name="39376"><span class="ref">[39376] IIª-IIae q. 14 a. 2 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5394 dicendum quod nolle obedire pertinet ad obstinationem; simulatio
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5395 poenitentiae ad impoenitentiam; schisma ad invidentiam fraternae
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
5396 gratiae, per quam membra Ecclesiae uniuntur.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 3</h3><p title="II-II q. 14 a. 3 arg. 1"><a name="39377"><span class="ref">[39377] IIª-IIae q. 14 a. 3 arg. 1</span></a> Ad tertium
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5397 sic proceditur. Videtur quod peccatum in spiritum sanctum non sit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5398 irremissibile. Dicit enim Augustinus, in libro de Verb. Dom., <i>de
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5399 nullo desperandum est quandiu patientia domini ad poenitentiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5400 adducit</i>. Sed si aliquod peccatum esset irremissibile, esset de
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5401 aliquo peccatore desperandum. Ergo peccatum in spiritum sanctum non
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
5402 est irremissibile.</p><p title="II-II q. 14 a. 3 arg. 2"><a name="39378"><span class="ref">[39378] IIª-IIae q. 14 a. 3 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5403 nullum peccatum remittitur nisi per hoc quod anima sanatur a Deo.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5404 <i>Sed omnipotenti medico nullus insanabilis languor occurrit</i>,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5405 sicut dicit Glossa super illud Psalm., <i>qui sanat omnes
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5406 infirmitates tuas</i>. Ergo peccatum in spiritum sanctum non est
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
5407 irremissibile.</p><p title="II-II q. 14 a. 3 arg. 3"><a name="39379"><span class="ref">[39379] IIª-IIae q. 14 a. 3 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5408 liberum arbitrium se habet ad bonum et ad malum. Sed quandiu durat
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5409 status viae, potest aliquis a quacumque virtute excidere, cum etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5410 Angelus de caelo ceciderit, unde dicitur Iob IV, <i>in Angelis suis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5411 reperit pravitatem, quanto magis qui habitant domos luteas?</i>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5412 Ergo pari ratione potest aliquis a quocumque peccato ad statum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5413 iustitiae redire. Ergo peccatum in spiritum sanctum non est
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
5414 irremissibile.</p><p title="II-II q. 14 a. 3 s. c."><a name="39380"><span class="ref">[39380] IIª-IIae q. 14 a. 3 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5415 est quod dicitur Matth. XII, <i>qui dixerit verbum contra spiritum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5416 sanctum, non remittetur ei neque in hoc saeculo neque in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5417 futuro</i>. Et Augustinus dicit, in libro de Serm. Dom. in monte,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5418 quod <i>tanta est labes huius peccati quod humilitatem deprecandi
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
5419 subire non potest</i>.</p><p title="II-II q. 14 a. 3 co."><a name="39381"><span class="ref">[39381] IIª-IIae q. 14 a. 3 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5420 dicendum quod secundum diversas acceptiones peccati in spiritum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5421 sanctum, diversimode irremissibile dicitur. Si enim dicatur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5422 peccatum in spiritum sanctum finalis impoenitentia, sic dicitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5423 irremissibile quia nullo modo remittitur. Peccatum enim mortale in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5424 quo homo perseverat usque ad mortem, quia in hac vita non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5425 remittitur per poenitentiam, nec etiam in futuro dimittetur.
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5426 Secundum autem alias duas acceptiones dicitur irremissibile, non
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5427 quia nullo modo remittatur, sed quia, quantum est de se, habet
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5428 meritum ut non remittatur. Et hoc dupliciter. Uno modo, quantum ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5429 poenam. Qui enim ex ignorantia vel infirmitate peccat, minorem
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5430 poenam meretur, qui autem ex certa malitia peccat, non habet
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5431 aliquam excusationem unde eius poena minuatur. Similiter etiam qui
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5432 blasphemabat in filium hominis, eius divinitate nondum revelata,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5433 poterat habere aliquam excusationem propter infirmitatem carnis
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5434 quam in eo aspiciebat, et sic minorem poenam merebatur, sed qui
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5435 ipsam divinitatem blasphemabat, opera spiritus sancti Diabolo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5436 attribuens, nullam excusationem habebat unde eius poena
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5437 diminueretur. Et ideo dicitur, secundum expositionem Chrysostomi,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5438 hoc peccatum Iudaeis non remitti neque in hoc saeculo neque in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5439 futuro, quia pro eo passi sunt poenam et in praesenti vita per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5440 Romanos, et in futura vita in poena Inferni. Sicut etiam Athanasius
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5441 inducit exemplum de eorum parentibus, qui primo quidem contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5442 Moysen contenderunt propter defectum aquae et panis, et hoc dominus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5443 sustinuit patienter, habebant enim excusationem ex infirmitate
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5444 carnis. Sed postmodum gravius peccaverunt quasi blasphemantes in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5445 spiritum sanctum, beneficia Dei qui eos de Aegypto eduxerat, idolo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5446 attribuentes, cum dixerunt, <i>hi sunt dii tui, Israel, qui te
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5447 eduxerunt de terra Aegypti</i>. Et ideo dominus et temporaliter
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5448 fecit eos puniri, quia <i>ceciderunt in die illo quasi tria millia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5449 hominum</i>; et in futurum eis poenam comminatur, dicens, <i>ego
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5450 autem in die ultionis visitabo hoc peccatum eorum</i>. Alio modo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5451 potest intelligi quantum ad culpam, sicut aliquis dicitur morbus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5452 incurabilis secundum naturam morbi, per quem tollitur id ex quo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5453 morbus potest curari, puta cum morbus tollit virtutem naturae, vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5454 inducit fastidium cibi et medicinae; licet etiam talem morbum Deus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5455 possit curare. Ita etiam peccatum in spiritum sanctum dicitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5456 irremissibile secundum suam naturam, inquantum excludit ea per quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5457 fit remissio peccatorum. Per hoc tamen non praecluditur via
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5458 remittendi et sanandi omnipotentiae et misericordiae Dei, per quam
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
5459 aliquando tales quasi miraculose spiritualiter sanantur.</p><p title="II-II q. 14 a. 3 ad 1"><a name="39382"><span class="ref">[39382] IIª-IIae q. 14 a. 3 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5460 ergo dicendum quod de nemine desperandum est in hac vita,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5461 considerata omnipotentia et misericordia Dei. Sed considerata
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5462 conditione peccati, dicuntur aliqui filii diffidentiae, ut habetur
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
5463 ad Ephes. II.</p><p title="II-II q. 14 a. 3 ad 2"><a name="39383"><span class="ref">[39383] IIª-IIae q. 14 a. 3 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5464 dicendum quod ratio illa procedit ex parte omnipotentiae Dei, non
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
5465 secundum conditionem peccati.</p><p title="II-II q. 14 a. 3 ad 3"><a name="39384"><span class="ref">[39384] IIª-IIae q. 14 a. 3 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5466 dicendum quod liberum arbitrium remanet quidem semper in hac vita
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5467 vertibile, tamen quandoque abiicit a se id per quod verti potest ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5468 bonum, quantum in ipso est. Unde ex parte sua peccatum est
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
5469 irremissibile, licet Deus remittere possit.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 4</h3><p title="II-II q. 14 a. 4 arg. 1"><a name="39385"><span class="ref">[39385] IIª-IIae q. 14 a. 4 arg. 1</span></a> Ad quartum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5470 sic proceditur. Videtur quod homo non possit primo peccare in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5471 spiritum sanctum, non praesuppositis aliis peccatis. Naturalis enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5472 ordo est ut ab imperfecto ad perfectum quis moveatur. Et hoc quidem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5473 in bonis apparet, secundum illud Proverb. IV, <i>iustorum semita
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5474 quasi lux splendens crescit et proficit usque ad perfectum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5475 diem</i>. Sed perfectum dicitur in malis quod est maximum malum, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5476 patet per philosophum, in V Metaphys. Cum igitur peccatum in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5477 spiritum sanctum sit gravissimum, videtur quod homo ad hoc peccatum
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
5478 perveniat per alia peccata minora.</p><p title="II-II q. 14 a. 4 arg. 2"><a name="39386"><span class="ref">[39386] IIª-IIae q. 14 a. 4 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5479 peccare in spiritum sanctum est peccare ex certa malitia, sive ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5480 electione. Sed hoc non statim potest homo, antequam multoties
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5481 peccaverit, dicit enim philosophus, in V Ethic., quod, si homo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5482 possit iniusta facere, non tamen potest statim operari sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5483 iniustus, scilicet ex electione. Ergo videtur quod peccatum in
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
5484 spiritum sanctum non possit committi nisi post alia peccata.</p><p title="II-II q. 14 a. 4 arg. 3"><a name="39387"><span class="ref">[39387] IIª-IIae q. 14 a. 4 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5485 poenitentia et impoenitentia sunt circa idem. Sed poenitentia non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5486 est nisi de peccatis praeteritis. Ergo etiam neque impoenitentia,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5487 quae est species peccati in spiritum sanctum. Peccatum ergo in
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
5488 spiritum sanctum praesupponit alia peccata.</p><p title="II-II q. 14 a. 4 s. c."><a name="39388"><span class="ref">[39388] IIª-IIae q. 14 a. 4 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5489 est quod <i>facile est in conspectu Dei subito honestare
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5490 pauperem</i>, ut dicitur Eccli. XI. Ergo e contrario possibile est,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5491 secundum malitiam Daemonis suggerentis, ut statim aliquis inducatur
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
5492 in gravissimum peccatum, quod est in spiritum sanctum.</p><p title="II-II q. 14 a. 4 co."><a name="39389"><span class="ref">[39389] IIª-IIae q. 14 a. 4 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5493 dicendum quod, sicut dictum est, peccare in spiritum sanctum uno
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5494 modo est peccare ex certa malitia. Ex certa autem malitia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5495 dupliciter peccare contingit, sicut dictum est. Uno modo, ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5496 inclinatione habitus, quod non est proprie peccare in spiritum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5497 sanctum. Et hoc modo peccare ex certa malitia non contingit a
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5498 principio, oportet enim actus peccatorum praecedere ex quibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5499 causetur habitus ad peccandum inclinans. Alio modo potest aliquis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5500 peccare ex certa malitia abiiciendo per contemptum ea per quae homo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5501 retrahitur a peccando, quod proprie est peccare in spiritum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5502 sanctum, sicut dictum est. Et hoc etiam plerumque praesupponit alia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5503 peccata, quia sicut dicitur Proverb. XVIII, <i>impius, cum in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5504 profundum peccatorum venerit, contemnit</i>. Potest tamen
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5505 contingere quod aliquis in primo actu peccati in spiritum sanctum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5506 peccet per contemptum, tum propter libertatem arbitrii; tum etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5507 propter multas dispositiones praecedentes; vel etiam propter
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5508 aliquod vehemens motivum ad malum et debilem affectum hominis ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5509 bonum. Et ideo in viris perfectis hoc vix aut nunquam accidere
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5510 potest quod statim a principio peccent in spiritum sanctum. Unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5511 dicit Origenes, in I Periarch., <i>non arbitror quod aliquis ex his
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5512 qui in summo perfectoque gradu constiterint, ad subitum evacuetur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5513 aut decidat, sed paulatim ac per partes eum decidere necesse
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5514 est</i>. Et eadem ratio est si peccatum in spiritum sanctum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5515 accipiatur ad litteram pro blasphemia spiritus sancti. Talis enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5516 blasphemia de qua dominus loquitur, semper ex malitiae contemptu
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5517 procedit. Si vero per peccatum in spiritum sanctum intelligatur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5518 finalis impoenitentia, secundum intellectum Augustini, quaestionem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5519 non habet, quia ad peccatum in spiritum sanctum requiritur
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
5520 continuatio peccatorum usque in finem vitae.</p><p title="II-II q. 14 a. 4 ad 1"><a name="39390"><span class="ref">[39390] IIª-IIae q. 14 a. 4 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5521 ergo dicendum quod tam in bono quam in malo, ut in pluribus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5522 proceditur ab imperfecto ad perfectum, prout homo proficit vel in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5523 bono vel in malo. Et tamen in utroque unus potest incipere a maiori
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5524 quam alius. Et ita illud a quo aliquis incipit, potest esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5525 perfectum in bono vel in malo secundum genus suum; licet sit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5526 imperfectum secundum seriem processus hominis in melius vel in
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
5527 peius proficientis.</p><p title="II-II q. 14 a. 4 ad 2"><a name="39391"><span class="ref">[39391] IIª-IIae q. 14 a. 4 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5528 dicendum quod ratio illa procedit de peccato ex malitia quando est
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
5529 ex inclinatione habitus.</p><p title="II-II q. 14 a. 4 ad 3"><a name="39392"><span class="ref">[39392] IIª-IIae q. 14 a. 4 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5530 dicendum quod, si accipiatur impoenitentia secundum intentionem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5531 Augustini, secundum quod importat permanentiam in peccato usque in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5532 finem, sic planum est quod impoenitentia praesupponit peccata,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5533 sicut et poenitentia. Sed si loquamur de impoenitentia habituali,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5534 secundum quod ponitur species peccati in spiritum sanctum, sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5535 manifestum est quod impoenitentia potest esse etiam ante peccata,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5536 potest enim ille qui nunquam peccavit habere propositum vel
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
5537 poenitendi vel non poenitendi, si contingeret eum peccare.</p></div></div><div class="q" id="q15"><h2>Quaestio 15</h2><div class="p"><h3>Prooemium</h3><p title="II-II q. 15 pr."><a name="39393"><span class="ref">[39393] IIª-IIae q. 15 pr.</span></a> Deinde
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5538 considerandum est de vitiis oppositis scientiae et intellectui. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5539 quia de ignorantia, quae opponitur scientiae, dictum est supra, cum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5540 de causis peccatorum ageretur; quaerendum est nunc de caecitate
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5541 mentis et hebetudine sensus, quae opponuntur dono intellectus. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5542 circa hoc quaeruntur tria. Primo, utrum caecitas mentis sit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5543 peccatum. Secundo, utrum hebetudo sensus sit aliud peccatum a
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5544 caecitate mentis. Tertio, utrum haec vitia a peccatis carnalibus
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
5545 oriantur.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 1</h3><p title="II-II q. 15 a. 1 arg. 1"><a name="39394"><span class="ref">[39394] IIª-IIae q. 15 a. 1 arg. 1</span></a> Ad primum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5546 sic proceditur. Videtur quod caecitas mentis non sit peccatum.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5547 Illud enim quod excusat a peccato non videtur esse peccatum. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5548 caecitas excusat a peccato, dicitur enim Ioan. IX, <i>si caeci
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5549 essetis, non haberetis peccatum</i>. Ergo caecitas mentis non est
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
5550 peccatum.</p><p title="II-II q. 15 a. 1 arg. 2"><a name="39395"><span class="ref">[39395] IIª-IIae q. 15 a. 1 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5551 poena differt a culpa. Sed caecitas mentis est quaedam poena, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5552 patet per illud quod habetur Isaiae VI, <i>excaeca cor populi
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5553 huius</i>; non enim esset a Deo, cum sit malum, nisi poena esset.
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
5554 Ergo caecitas mentis non est peccatum.</p><p title="II-II q. 15 a. 1 arg. 3"><a name="39396"><span class="ref">[39396] IIª-IIae q. 15 a. 1 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5555 omne peccatum est voluntarium, ut Augustinus dicit. Sed caecitas
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5556 mentis non est voluntaria, quia ut Augustinus dicit, X Confess.,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5557 <i>cognoscere veritatem lucentem omnes amant</i>; et Eccle. XI
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5558 dicitur, <i>dulce lumen, et delectabile oculis videre solem</i>.
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
5559 Ergo caecitas mentis non est peccatum.</p><p title="II-II q. 15 a. 1 s. c."><a name="39397"><span class="ref">[39397] IIª-IIae q. 15 a. 1 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5560 est quod Gregorius, XXXI Moral., caecitatem mentis ponit inter
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
5561 vitia quae causantur ex luxuria.</p><p title="II-II q. 15 a. 1 co."><a name="39398"><span class="ref">[39398] IIª-IIae q. 15 a. 1 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5562 dicendum quod sicut caecitas corporalis est privatio eius quod est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5563 principium corporalis visionis, ita etiam caecitas mentis est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5564 privatio eius quod est principium mentalis sive intellectualis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5565 visionis. Cuius quidem principium est triplex. Unum quidem est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5566 lumen naturalis rationis. Et hoc lumen, cum pertineat ad speciem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5567 animae rationalis, nunquam privatur ab anima. Impeditur tamen
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5568 quandoque a proprio actu per impedimenta virium inferiorum, quibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5569 indiget intellectus humanus ad intelligendum, sicut patet in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5570 amentibus et furiosis, ut in primo dictum est. Aliud autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5571 principium intellectualis visionis est aliquod lumen habituale
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5572 naturali lumini rationis superadditum. Et hoc quidem lumen interdum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5573 privatur ab anima. Et talis privatio est caecitas quae est poena,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5574 secundum quod privatio luminis gratiae quaedam poena ponitur. Unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5575 dicitur de quibusdam, Sap. II, <i>excaecavit illos malitia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5576 eorum</i>. Tertium principium visionis intellectualis est aliquod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5577 intelligibile principium per quod homo intelligit alia. Cui quidem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5578 principio intelligibili mens hominis potest intendere vel non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5579 intendere. Et quod ei non intendat contingit dupliciter. Quandoque
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5580 quidem ex hoc quod habet voluntatem spontanee se avertentem a
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5581 consideratione talis principii, secundum illud Psalm., <i>noluit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5582 intelligere ut bene ageret</i>. Alio modo, per occupationem mentis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5583 circa alia quae magis diligit, quibus ab inspectione huius
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5584 principii mens avertitur, secundum illud Psalm., <i>supercecidit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5585 ignis</i>, scilicet concupiscentiae, <i>et non viderunt solem</i>.
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
5586 Et utroque modo caecitas mentis est peccatum.</p><p title="II-II q. 15 a. 1 ad 1"><a name="39399"><span class="ref">[39399] IIª-IIae q. 15 a. 1 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5587 ergo dicendum quod caecitas quae excusat a peccato est quae
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
5588 contingit ex naturali defectu non potentis videre.</p><p title="II-II q. 15 a. 1 ad 2"><a name="39400"><span class="ref">[39400] IIª-IIae q. 15 a. 1 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5589 dicendum quod ratio illa procedit de secunda caecitate, quae est
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
5590 poena.</p><p title="II-II q. 15 a. 1 ad 3"><a name="39401"><span class="ref">[39401] IIª-IIae q. 15 a. 1 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5591 dicendum quod intelligere veritatem cuilibet est secundum se
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5592 amabile. Potest tamen per accidens esse alicui odibile, inquantum
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
5593 scilicet per hoc homo impeditur ab aliis quae magis amat.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 2</h3><p title="II-II q. 15 a. 2 arg. 1"><a name="39402"><span class="ref">[39402] IIª-IIae q. 15 a. 2 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5594 secundum sic proceditur. Videtur quod hebetudo sensus non sit aliud
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5595 a caecitate mentis. Unum enim uni est contrarium. Sed dono
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5596 intellectus opponitur hebetudo, ut patet per Gregorium, in II
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5597 Moral.; cui etiam opponitur caecitas mentis, eo quod intellectus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5598 principium quoddam visivum designat. Ergo hebetudo sensus est idem
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
5599 quod caecitas mentis.</p><p title="II-II q. 15 a. 2 arg. 2"><a name="39403"><span class="ref">[39403] IIª-IIae q. 15 a. 2 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5600 Gregorius, in XXXI Moral., de hebetudine loquens, nominat eam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5601 hebetudinem sensus circa intelligentiam. Sed hebetari sensu circa
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5602 intelligentiam nihil aliud esse videtur quam intelligendo deficere,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5603 quod pertinet ad mentis caecitatem. Ergo hebetudo sensus idem est
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
5604 quod caecitas mentis.</p><p title="II-II q. 15 a. 2 arg. 3"><a name="39404"><span class="ref">[39404] IIª-IIae q. 15 a. 2 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5605 si in aliquo differunt, maxime videntur in hoc differre quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5606 caecitas mentis est voluntaria, ut supra dictum est, hebetudo autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5607 sensus est naturalis. Sed defectus naturalis non est peccatum. Ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5608 secundum hoc hebetudo sensus non esset peccatum. Quod est contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5609 Gregorium, qui connumerat eam inter vitia quae ex gula
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
5610 oriuntur.</p><p title="II-II q. 15 a. 2 s. c."><a name="39405"><span class="ref">[39405] IIª-IIae q. 15 a. 2 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5611 est quod diversarum causarum sunt diversi effectus. Sed Gregorius,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5612 XXXI Moral., dicit quod hebetudo mentis oritur ex gula, caecitas
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
5613 autem mentis ex luxuria. Ergo sunt diversa vitia.</p><p title="II-II q. 15 a. 2 co."><a name="39406"><span class="ref">[39406] IIª-IIae q. 15 a. 2 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5614 dicendum quod hebes acuto opponitur. Acutum autem dicitur aliquid
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5615 ex hoc quod est penetrativum. Unde et hebes dicitur aliquid ex hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5616 quod est obtusum, penetrare non valens. Sensus autem corporalis per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5617 quandam similitudinem penetrare dicitur medium inquantum ex aliqua
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5618 distantia suum obiectum percipit; vel inquantum potest quasi
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5619 penetrando intima rei percipere. Unde in corporalibus dicitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5620 aliquis esse acuti sensus qui potest percipere sensibile aliquod ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5621 remotis, vel videndo vel audiendo vel olfaciendo; et e contrario
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5622 dicitur sensu hebetari qui non percipit nisi ex propinquo et magna
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5623 sensibilia. Ad similitudinem autem corporalis sensus dicitur etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5624 circa intelligentiam esse aliquis sensus, qui est aliquorum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5625 primorum extremorum, ut dicitur in VI Ethic., sicut etiam sensus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5626 est cognoscitivus sensibilium quasi quorundam principiorum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5627 cognitionis. Hic autem sensus qui est circa intelligentiam non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5628 percipit suum obiectum per medium distantiae corporalis, sed per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5629 quaedam alia media, sicut cum per proprietatem rei percipit eius
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5630 essentiam, et per effectus percipit causam. Ille ergo dicitur esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5631 acuti sensus circa intelligentiam qui statim ad apprehensionem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5632 proprietatis rei, vel etiam effectus, naturam rei comprehendit, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5633 inquantum usque ad minimas conditiones rei considerandas pertingit.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5634 Ille autem dicitur esse hebes circa intelligentiam qui ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5635 cognoscendam veritatem rei pertingere non potest nisi per multa ei
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5636 exposita, et tunc etiam non potest pertingere ad perfecte
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5637 considerandum omnia quae pertinent ad rei rationem. Sic igitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5638 hebetudo sensus circa intelligentiam importat quandam debilitatem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5639 mentis circa considerationem spiritualium bonorum, caecitas autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5640 mentis importat omnimodam privationem cognitionis ipsorum. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5641 utrumque opponitur dono intellectus, per quem homo spiritualia bona
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5642 apprehendendo cognoscit et ad eorum intima subtiliter penetrat.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5643 Habet autem hebetudo rationem peccati sicut et caecitas mentis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5644 inquantum scilicet est voluntaria, ut patet in eo qui, affectus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5645 circa carnalia, de spiritualibus subtiliter discutere fastidit vel
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
5646 negligit.</p><p title="II-II q. 15 a. 2 ad arg."><a name="39407"><span class="ref">[39407] IIª-IIae q. 15 a. 2 ad arg.</span></a> Et per
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
5647 hoc patet responsio ad obiecta.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 3</h3><p title="II-II q. 15 a. 3 arg. 1"><a name="39408"><span class="ref">[39408] IIª-IIae q. 15 a. 3 arg. 1</span></a> Ad tertium
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5648 sic proceditur. Videtur quod caecitas mentis et hebetudo sensus non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5649 oriantur ex vitiis carnalibus. Augustinus enim, in libro Retract.,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5650 retractans illud quod dixerat in Soliloq., <i>Deus, qui non nisi
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5651 mundos verum scire voluisti</i>, dicit quod <i>responderi potest
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5652 multos etiam non mundos multa vera scire</i>. Sed homines maxime
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5653 efficiuntur immundi per vitia carnalia. Ergo caecitas mentis et
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
5654 hebetudo sensus non causantur a vitiis carnalibus.</p><p title="II-II q. 15 a. 3 arg. 2"><a name="39409"><span class="ref">[39409] IIª-IIae q. 15 a. 3 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5655 caecitas mentis et hebetudo sensus sunt defectus quidam circa
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5656 partem animae intellectivam; vitia autem carnalia pertinent ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5657 corruptionem carnis. Sed caro non agit in animam, sed potius e
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5658 converso. Ergo vitia carnalia non causant caecitatem mentis et
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
5659 hebetudinem sensus.</p><p title="II-II q. 15 a. 3 arg. 3"><a name="39410"><span class="ref">[39410] IIª-IIae q. 15 a. 3 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5660 unumquodque magis patitur a propinquiori quam a remotiori. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5661 propinquiora sunt menti vitia spiritualia quam carnalia. Ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5662 caecitas mentis et hebetudo sensus magis causantur ex vitiis
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
5663 spiritualibus quam ex vitiis carnalibus.</p><p title="II-II q. 15 a. 3 s. c."><a name="39411"><span class="ref">[39411] IIª-IIae q. 15 a. 3 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5664 est quod Gregorius, XXXI Moral., dicit quod hebetudo sensus circa
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
5665 intelligentiam oritur ex gula, caecitas mentis ex luxuria.</p><p title="II-II q. 15 a. 3 co."><a name="39412"><span class="ref">[39412] IIª-IIae q. 15 a. 3 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5666 dicendum quod perfectio intellectualis operationis in homine
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5667 consistit in quadam abstractione a sensibilium phantasmatibus. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5668 ideo quanto intellectus hominis magis fuerit liber ab huiusmodi
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5669 phantasmatibus, tanto potius considerare intelligibilia poterit et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5670 ordinare omnia sensibilia, sicut et Anaxagoras dixit quod oportet
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5671 intellectum esse immixtum ad hoc quod imperet, et agens oportet
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5672 quod dominetur super materiam ad hoc quod possit eam movere.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5673 Manifestum est autem quod delectatio applicat intentionem ad ea in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5674 quibus aliquis delectatur, unde philosophus dicit, in X Ethic.,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5675 quod unusquisque ea in quibus delectatur optime operatur, contraria
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5676 vero nequaquam vel debiliter. Vitia autem carnalia, scilicet gula
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5677 et luxuria, consistunt circa delectationes tactus, ciborum scilicet
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5678 et venereorum, quae sunt vehementissimae inter omnes corporales
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5679 delectationes. Et ideo per haec vitia intentio hominis maxime
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5680 applicatur ad corporalia, et per consequens debilitatur operatio
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5681 hominis circa intelligibilia, magis autem per luxuriam quam per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5682 gulam, quanto delectationes venereorum sunt vehementiores quam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5683 ciborum. Et ideo ex luxuria oritur caecitas mentis, quae quasi
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5684 totaliter spiritualium bonorum cognitionem excludit, ex gula autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5685 hebetudo sensus, quae reddit hominem debilem circa huiusmodi
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5686 intelligibilia. Et e converso oppositae virtutes, scilicet
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5687 abstinentia et castitas, maxime disponunt hominem ad perfectionem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5688 intellectualis operationis. Unde dicitur Dan. I, quod pueris his,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5689 scilicet abstinentibus et continentibus, <i>dedit Deus scientiam et
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
5690 disciplinam in omni libro et sapientia</i>.</p><p title="II-II q. 15 a. 3 ad 1"><a name="39413"><span class="ref">[39413] IIª-IIae q. 15 a. 3 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5691 ergo dicendum quod, quamvis aliqui vitiis carnalibus subditi
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5692 possint quandoque subtiliter aliqua speculari circa intelligibilia,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5693 propter bonitatem ingenii naturalis vel habitus superadditi; tamen
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5694 necesse est ut ab hac subtilitate contemplationis eorum intentio
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5695 plerumque retrahatur propter delectationes corporales. Et ita
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5696 immundi possunt aliqua vera scire sed ex sua immunditia circa hoc
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
5697 impediuntur.</p><p title="II-II q. 15 a. 3 ad 2"><a name="39414"><span class="ref">[39414] IIª-IIae q. 15 a. 3 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5698 dicendum quod caro non agit in partem intellectivam alterando
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
5699 ipsam, sed impediendo operationem ipsius per modum praedictum.</p><p title="II-II q. 15 a. 3 ad 3"><a name="39415"><span class="ref">[39415] IIª-IIae q. 15 a. 3 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5700 dicendum quod vitia carnalia, quo magis sunt remota a mente, eo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5701 magis eius intentionem ad remotiora distrahunt. Unde magis
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
5702 impediunt mentis contemplationem.</p></div></div><div class="q" id="q16"><h2>Quaestio 16</h2><div class="p"><h3>Prooemium</h3><p title="II-II q. 16 pr."><a name="39416"><span class="ref">[39416] IIª-IIae q. 16 pr.</span></a> Deinde
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5703 considerandum est de praeceptis pertinentibus ad praedicta. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5704 circa hoc quaeruntur duo. Primo, de praeceptis pertinentibus ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5705 fidem. Secundo, de praeceptis pertinentibus ad dona scientiae et
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
5706 intellectus.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 1</h3><p title="II-II q. 16 a. 1 arg. 1"><a name="39417"><span class="ref">[39417] IIª-IIae q. 16 a. 1 arg. 1</span></a> Ad primum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5707 sic proceditur. Videtur quod in veteri lege dari debuerint
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5708 praecepta credendi. Praeceptum enim est de eo quod est debitum et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5709 necessarium. Sed maxime necessarium est homini quod credat,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5710 secundum illud Heb. XI, <i>sine fide impossibile est placere
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
5711 Deo</i>. Ergo maxime oportuit praecepta dari de fide.</p><p title="II-II q. 16 a. 1 arg. 2"><a name="39418"><span class="ref">[39418] IIª-IIae q. 16 a. 1 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5712 novum testamentum continetur in veteri sicut figuratum in figura,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5713 ut supra dictum est. Sed in novo testamento ponuntur expressa
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5714 mandata de fide, ut patet Ioan. XIV, <i>creditis in Deum, et in me
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5715 credite</i>. Ergo videtur quod in veteri lege etiam debuerint
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
5716 aliqua praecepta dari de fide.</p><p title="II-II q. 16 a. 1 arg. 3"><a name="39419"><span class="ref">[39419] IIª-IIae q. 16 a. 1 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5717 eiusdem rationis est praecipere actum virtutis et prohibere vitia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5718 opposita. Sed in veteri lege ponuntur multa praecepta prohibentia
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diff changeset
5719 infidelitatem, sicut Exod. XX, <i>non habebis deos alienos coram
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5720 me</i>; et iterum Deut. XIII mandatur quod non audient verba
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diff changeset
5721 prophetae aut somniatoris qui eos de fide Dei vellet divertere.
53
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5722 Ergo in veteri lege etiam debuerunt dari praecepta de fide.</p><p title="II-II q. 16 a. 1 arg. 4"><a name="39420"><span class="ref">[39420] IIª-IIae q. 16 a. 1 arg. 4</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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diff changeset
5723 confessio est actus fidei, ut supra dictum est. Sed de confessione
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5724 et promulgatione fidei dantur praecepta in veteri lege, mandatur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5725 enim Exod. XII quod filiis suis interrogantibus rationem assignent
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5726 paschalis observantiae; et Deut. XIII mandatur quod ille qui
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5727 disseminat doctrinam contra fidem occidatur. Ergo lex vetus
53
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diff changeset
5728 praecepta fidei debuit habere.</p><p title="II-II q. 16 a. 1 arg. 5"><a name="39421"><span class="ref">[39421] IIª-IIae q. 16 a. 1 arg. 5</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5729 omnes libri veteris testamenti sub lege veteri continentur, unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5730 dominus, Ioan. XV, dicit in lege esse scriptum, <i>odio habuerunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5731 me gratis</i>, quod tamen scribitur in Psalmo. Sed Eccli. II
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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diff changeset
5732 dicitur, <i>qui timetis dominum, credite illi</i>. Ergo in veteri
53
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diff changeset
5733 lege fuerunt praecepta danda de fide.</p><p title="II-II q. 16 a. 1 s. c."><a name="39422"><span class="ref">[39422] IIª-IIae q. 16 a. 1 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28
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diff changeset
5734 est quod apostolus, ad Rom. III, legem veterem nominat legem
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diff changeset
5735 factorum, et dividit eam contra legem fidei. Ergo in lege veteri
53
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diff changeset
5736 non fuerunt praecepta danda de fide.</p><p title="II-II q. 16 a. 1 co."><a name="39423"><span class="ref">[39423] IIª-IIae q. 16 a. 1 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5737 dicendum quod lex non imponitur ab aliquo domino nisi suis
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5738 subditis, et ideo praecepta legis cuiuslibet praesupponunt
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5739 subiectionem recipientis legem ad eum qui dat legem. Prima autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5740 subiectio hominis ad Deum est per fidem, secundum illud Heb. XI,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5741 <i>accedentem ad Deum oportet credere quia est</i>. Et ideo fides
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5742 praesupponitur ad legis praecepta. Et propter hoc Exod. XX id quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5743 est fidei praemittitur ante legis praecepta, cum dicitur, <i>ego
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5744 sum dominus Deus tuus, qui eduxi te de terra Aegypti</i>. Et
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5745 similiter Deut. VI praemittitur, <i>audi, Israel, dominus Deus tuus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5746 unus est</i>, et postea statim incipit agere de praeceptis. Sed
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5747 quia in fide multa continentur ordinata ad fidem qua credimus Deum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5748 esse, quod est primum et principale inter omnia credibilia, ut
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5749 dictum est; ideo, praesupposita fide de Deo, per quam mens humana
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5750 Deo subiiciatur, possunt dari praecepta de aliis credendis, sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5751 Augustinus dicit, super Ioan., quod plurima sunt nobis de fide
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5752 mandata, exponens illud, hoc est praeceptum meum. Sed in veteri
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5753 lege non erant secreta fidei populo exponenda. Et ideo, supposita
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5754 fide unius Dei, nulla alia praecepta sunt in veteri lege data de
53
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diff changeset
5755 credendis.</p><p title="II-II q. 16 a. 1 ad 1"><a name="39424"><span class="ref">[39424] IIª-IIae q. 16 a. 1 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5756 ergo dicendum quod fides est necessaria tanquam principium
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5757 spiritualis vitae. Et ideo praesupponitur ad legis
53
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ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
5758 susceptionem.</p><p title="II-II q. 16 a. 1 ad 2"><a name="39425"><span class="ref">[39425] IIª-IIae q. 16 a. 1 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5759 dicendum quod ibi etiam dominus praesupponit aliquid de fide,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5760 scilicet fidem unius Dei, cum dicit, creditis in Deum, et aliquid
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5761 praecipit, scilicet fidem incarnationis, per quam unus est Deus et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5762 homo; quae quidem fidei explicatio pertinet ad fidem novi
53
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diff changeset
5763 testamenti. Et ideo subdit, et in me credite.</p><p title="II-II q. 16 a. 1 ad 3"><a name="39426"><span class="ref">[39426] IIª-IIae q. 16 a. 1 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5764 dicendum quod praecepta prohibitiva respiciunt peccata, quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5765 corrumpunt virtutem. Virtus autem corrumpitur ex particularibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5766 defectibus, ut supra dictum est. Et ideo, praesupposita fide unius
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5767 Dei, in lege veteri fuerunt danda prohibitiva praecepta, quibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5768 homines prohiberentur ab his particularibus defectibus per quos
53
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diff changeset
5769 fides corrumpi posset.</p><p title="II-II q. 16 a. 1 ad 4"><a name="39427"><span class="ref">[39427] IIª-IIae q. 16 a. 1 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5770 dicendum quod etiam confessio vel doctrina fidei praesupponit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5771 subiectionem hominis ad Deum per fidem. Et ideo magis potuerunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5772 dari praecepta in veteri lege pertinentia ad confessionem et
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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diff changeset
5773 doctrinam fidei quam pertinentia ad ipsam fidem.</p><p title="II-II q. 16 a. 1 ad 5"><a name="39428"><span class="ref">[39428] IIª-IIae q. 16 a. 1 ad 5</span></a> Ad quintum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5774 dicendum quod in illa etiam auctoritate praesupponitur fides per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5775 quam credimus Deum esse, unde praemittit, qui timetis Deum, quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5776 non posset esse sine fide. Quod autem addit, credite illi, ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5777 quaedam credibilia specialia referendum est, et praecipue ad illa
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5778 quae promittit Deus sibi obedientibus. Unde subdit, <i>et non
53
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diff changeset
5779 evacuabitur merces vestra</i>.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 2</h3><p title="II-II q. 16 a. 2 arg. 1"><a name="39429"><span class="ref">[39429] IIª-IIae q. 16 a. 2 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5780 secundum sic proceditur. Videtur quod in veteri lege inconvenienter
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5781 tradantur praecepta pertinentia ad scientiam et intellectum.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5782 Scientia enim et intellectus ad cognitionem pertinent. Cognitio
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5783 autem praecedit et dirigit actionem. Ergo praecepta ad scientiam et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5784 intellectum pertinentia debent praecedere praecepta pertinentia ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5785 actionem. Cum ergo prima praecepta legis sint praecepta Decalogi,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5786 videtur quod inter praecepta Decalogi debuerunt tradi aliqua
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
5787 praecepta pertinentia ad scientiam et intellectum.</p><p title="II-II q. 16 a. 2 arg. 2"><a name="39430"><span class="ref">[39430] IIª-IIae q. 16 a. 2 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5788 disciplina praecedit doctrinam, prius enim homo ab alio discit quam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5789 alium doceat. Sed dantur in veteri lege aliqua praecepta de
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5790 doctrina, et affirmativa, ut praecipitur Deut. IV, <i>docebis ea
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5791 filios ac nepotes tuos</i>; et etiam prohibitiva, sicut habetur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5792 Deut. IV, <i>non addetis ad verbum quod vobis loquor, neque
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5793 auferetis ab eo</i>. Ergo videtur quod etiam aliqua praecepta dari
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
5794 debuerint inducentia hominem ad addiscendum.</p><p title="II-II q. 16 a. 2 arg. 3"><a name="39431"><span class="ref">[39431] IIª-IIae q. 16 a. 2 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5795 scientia et intellectus magis videntur necessaria sacerdoti quam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5796 regi, unde dicitur Malach. II, <i>labia sacerdotis custodiunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5797 scientiam, et legem requirunt ex ore eius</i>; et Osee IV dicitur,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5798 <i>quia scientiam repulisti, repellam te et ego, ne sacerdotio
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5799 fungaris mihi</i>. Sed regi mandatur quod addiscat scientiam legis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5800 ut patet Deut. XVII. Ergo multo magis debuit praecipi in lege quod
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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diff changeset
5801 sacerdotes legem addiscerent.</p><p title="II-II q. 16 a. 2 arg. 4"><a name="39432"><span class="ref">[39432] IIª-IIae q. 16 a. 2 arg. 4</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5802 meditatio eorum quae ad scientiam et intellectum pertinent non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5803 potest esse in dormiendo. Impeditur etiam per occupationes
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5804 extraneas. Ergo inconvenienter praecipitur, Deut. VI,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5805 <i>meditaberis ea sedens in domo tua, et ambulans in itinere,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5806 dormiens atque consurgens</i>. Inconvenienter ergo traduntur in
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
5807 veteri lege praecepta ad scientiam et intellectum pertinentia.</p><p title="II-II q. 16 a. 2 s. c."><a name="39433"><span class="ref">[39433] IIª-IIae q. 16 a. 2 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5808 est quod dicitur Deut. IV, <i>audientes universi praecepta haec,
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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diff changeset
5809 dicant, en populus sapiens et intelligens</i>.</p><p title="II-II q. 16 a. 2 co."><a name="39434"><span class="ref">[39434] IIª-IIae q. 16 a. 2 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5810 dicendum quod circa scientiam et intellectum tria possunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5811 considerari, primo quidem, acceptio ipsius; secundo, usus eius;
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5812 tertio vero, conservatio ipsius. Acceptio quidem scientiae vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5813 intellectus fit per doctrinam et disciplinam. Et utrumque in lege
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5814 praecipitur. Dicitur enim Deut. VI, <i>erunt verba haec quae ego
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5815 praecipio tibi, in corde tuo</i>, quod pertinet ad disciplinam,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5816 pertinet enim ad discipulum ut cor suum applicet his quae dicuntur.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5817 Quod vero subditur, <i>et narrabis ea filiis tuis</i>, pertinet ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5818 doctrinam. Usus vero scientiae vel intellectus est meditatio eorum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5819 quae quis scit vel intelligit. Et quantum ad hoc subditur, <i>et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5820 meditaberis sedens in domo tua</i>, et cetera. Conservatio autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5821 fit per memoriam. Et quantum ad hoc subdit, <i>et ligabis ea quasi
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5822 signum in manu tua, eruntque et movebuntur inter oculos tuos,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5823 scribesque ea in limine et ostiis domus tuae</i>. Per quae omnia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5824 iugem memoriam mandatorum Dei significat, ea enim quae continue
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5825 sensibus nostris occurrunt, vel tactu, sicut ea quae in manu
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5826 habemus; vel visu, sicut ea quae ante oculos mentis sunt continue;
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5827 vel ad quae oportet nos saepe recurrere, sicut ad ostium domus; a
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5828 memoria nostra excidere non possunt. Et Deut. IV manifestius
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5829 dicitur, <i>ne obliviscaris verborum quae viderunt oculi tui, et ne
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5830 excidant de corde tuo cunctis diebus vitae tuae</i>. Et haec etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5831 abundantius in novo testamento, tam in doctrina evangelica quam
53
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diff changeset
5832 apostolica, mandata leguntur.</p><p title="II-II q. 16 a. 2 ad 1"><a name="39435"><span class="ref">[39435] IIª-IIae q. 16 a. 2 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5833 ergo dicendum quod, sicut dicitur Deut. IV, <i>haec est vestra
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5834 sapientia et intellectus coram populis</i>, ex quo datur intelligi
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5835 quod scientia et intellectus fidelium Dei consistit in praeceptis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5836 legis. Et ideo primo sunt proponenda legis praecepta; et postmodum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5837 homines sunt inducendi ad eorum scientiam vel intellectum. Et ideo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5838 praemissa praecepta non debuerunt poni inter praecepta Decalogi,
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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diff changeset
5839 quae sunt prima.</p><p title="II-II q. 16 a. 2 ad 2"><a name="39436"><span class="ref">[39436] IIª-IIae q. 16 a. 2 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5840 dicendum quod etiam in lege ponuntur praecepta pertinentia ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5841 disciplinam, ut dictum est. Expressius tamen praecipitur doctrina
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5842 quam disciplina, quia doctrina pertinet ad maiores, qui sunt sui
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5843 iuris, immediate sub lege existentes, quibus debent dari legis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5844 praecepta, disciplina autem pertinet ad minores, ad quos praecepta
53
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diff changeset
5845 legis per maiores debent pervenire.</p><p title="II-II q. 16 a. 2 ad 3"><a name="39437"><span class="ref">[39437] IIª-IIae q. 16 a. 2 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5846 dicendum quod scientia legis est adeo annexa officio sacerdotis ut
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5847 simul cum iniunctione officii intelligatur etiam et scientiae legis
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5848 iniunctio. Et ideo non oportuit specialia praecepta dari de
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5849 instructione sacerdotum. Sed doctrina legis Dei non adeo est annexa
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5850 regali officio, quia rex constituitur super populum in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5851 temporalibus. Et ideo specialiter praecipitur ut rex instruatur de
53
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diff changeset
5852 his quae pertinent ad legem Dei per sacerdotes.</p><p title="II-II q. 16 a. 2 ad 4"><a name="39438"><span class="ref">[39438] IIª-IIae q. 16 a. 2 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
28
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diff changeset
5853 dicendum quod illud praeceptum legis non est sic intelligendum quod
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diff changeset
5854 homo dormiendo meditetur de lege Dei, sed quod dormiens, idest
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5855 vadens dormitum, de lege Dei meditetur; quia ex hoc etiam homines
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5856 dormiendo nanciscuntur meliora phantasmata, secundum quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5857 pertranseunt motus a vigilantibus ad dormientes, ut patet per
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5858 philosophum, in I Ethic. Similiter etiam mandatur ut in omni actu
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diff changeset
5859 suo aliquis meditetur de lege, non quod semper actu de lege
53
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5860 cogitet, sed quod omnia quae facit secundum legem moderetur.</p></div></div><div class="centro"><br/>
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5861 <p><a href="sth3000.html"><img alt="age retro" border="0" align="middle" height="19" width="19" src="icons/ageretro.gif"/></a>  
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5862 <a href="sth3017.html"><img alt="age ultra" border="0" align="middle" height="19" width="19" src="icons/ageultra.gif"/></a></p>
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5863 <br/>
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5864 <hr/>
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5865 <br/>
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5866 <address>© 2006 Fundación Tomás de Aquino quoad
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5867 hanc editionem<br/>
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5868 Iura omnia asservantur<br/>
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5869 OCLC nr. <a style="text-decoration=none" href="http://worldcatlibraries.org/wcpa/oclc/49644264">49644264</a></address>
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5870 </div></body>
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5871 </html>