Aquinas: summa/latin/sth3001.html annotate

annotate summa/latin/sth3001.html @ 28:544e12f679ad

convert to xml

author	ht
date	Tue, 24 Nov 2009 19:27:32 +0000
parents	4006eb4882de
children	d777cc3962f2

rev	line source
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1 <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN"
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2 "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3 <html lang="LA" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="LA">
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4 <head>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5 <meta name="generator" content=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6 "HTML Tidy for Windows (vers 1st February 2005), see www.w3.org" />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7 <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	8 "text/html; charset=us-ascii" />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	9 <meta http-equiv="Content-Style-Type" content="text/css" />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	10 <meta http-equiv="Content-Script-Type" content="text/javascript" />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	11 <meta name="keywords" content=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	12 "Thomas de Aquino, Summa Theologiae, Corpus Thomisticum" />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	13 <meta name="language" content="Latin" />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	14 <meta name="security" content="public" />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	15 <meta name="owner" content="ealarcon@unav.es" />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	16 <meta name="author" content="Enrique Alarcón" />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	17 <meta name="abstract" content="" />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	18 <link rel="stylesheet" media="screen" href="vscreen.css" type=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	19 "text/css" />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	20 <link rel="stylesheet" media="print" href="vprint.css" type=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	21 "text/css" />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	22 <title>Thomas de Aquino, Summa Theologiae, IIª-IIae q.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	23 1-16</title>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	24 </head>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	25 <body>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	26 <a href="http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/"></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	27 <div class="tres">CORPUS THOMISTICUM</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	28 <div class="uno">Sancti Thomae de Aquino</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	29 <div class="uno">Summa Theologiae</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	30 <div class="dos">secunda pars secundae partis a quaestione I ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	31 quaestionem XVI</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	32 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	33 <div class="centro">
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	34 <table align="center" summary="Imago">
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	35 <tr>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	36 <th><img src="icons/fugit190.jpg" width="275" height="190" border=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	37 "0" alt=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	38 "Thomas de Aquino a Filippino Lippi depictus (Cappella Carafa, S. Maria sopra Minerva, Roma)"
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	39 align="middle" /></th>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	40 </tr>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	41 </table>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	42 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	43 <span class="tres">Textum Leoninum Romae 1895 editum<br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	44 ac automato translatum a Roberto Busa SJ in taenias
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	45 magneticas<br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	46 denuo recognovit Enrique Alarcón atque instruxit<br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	47 <br /></span><br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	48 <hr />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	49 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	50 <p><a href="sth3000.html"><img src="icons/ageretro.gif" width="19"
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	51 height="19" align="middle" border="0" alt="age retro" /></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	52 <a href="sth3017.html"><img src="icons/ageultra.gif" width="19"
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	53 height="19" align="middle" border="0" alt="age ultra" /></a></p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	54 <script language="JavaScript" type="text/javascript">
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	55 //<![CDATA[
26 4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	56 <!--
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	57 // original code by Bill Trefzger 12/12/96; revised by Enrique Alarcon 12/9/2000
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	58 function go(){if(document.selecter.select1.options[document.selecter.select1.selectedIndex].value !="none"){location=document.selecter.select1.options[document.selecter.select1.selectedIndex].value}}
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	59 document.write('<FORM NAME="selecter"><SELECT NAME="select1">');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	60 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="none">INDEX');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	61 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="none">------------------------------------------------');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	62 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="index.html">Corpus Thomisticum');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	63 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="iopera.html">Opera omnia');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	64 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="zbiblia.html">Bibliographia Thomistica');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	65 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="none">------------------------------------------------');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	66 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#38737">IIª-IIae q. 1 pr.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	67 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#38738">IIª-IIae q. 1 a. 1 arg. 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	68 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#38739">IIª-IIae q. 1 a. 1 arg. 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	69 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#38740">IIª-IIae q. 1 a. 1 arg. 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	70 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#38741">IIª-IIae q. 1 a. 1 s. c.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	71 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#38742">IIª-IIae q. 1 a. 1 co.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	72 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#38743">IIª-IIae q. 1 a. 1 ad 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	73 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#38744">IIª-IIae q. 1 a. 1 ad 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	74 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#38745">IIª-IIae q. 1 a. 1 ad 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	75 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#38746">IIª-IIae q. 1 a. 2 arg. 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	76 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#38747">IIª-IIae q. 1 a. 2 arg. 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	77 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#38748">IIª-IIae q. 1 a. 2 arg. 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	78 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#38749">IIª-IIae q. 1 a. 2 s. c.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	79 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#38750">IIª-IIae q. 1 a. 2 co.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	80 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#38751">IIª-IIae q. 1 a. 2 ad 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	81 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#38752">IIª-IIae q. 1 a. 2 ad 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	82 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#38753">IIª-IIae q. 1 a. 2 ad 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	83 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#38754">IIª-IIae q. 1 a. 3 arg. 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	84 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#38755">IIª-IIae q. 1 a. 3 arg. 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	85 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#38756">IIª-IIae q. 1 a. 3 arg. 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	86 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#38757">IIª-IIae q. 1 a. 3 arg. 4');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	87 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#38758">IIª-IIae q. 1 a. 3 s. c.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	88 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#38759">IIª-IIae q. 1 a. 3 co.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	89 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#38760">IIª-IIae q. 1 a. 3 ad 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	90 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#38761">IIª-IIae q. 1 a. 3 ad 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	91 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#38762">IIª-IIae q. 1 a. 3 ad 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	92 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#38763">IIª-IIae q. 1 a. 3 ad 4');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	93 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#38764">IIª-IIae q. 1 a. 4 arg. 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	94 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#38765">IIª-IIae q. 1 a. 4 arg. 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	95 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#38766">IIª-IIae q. 1 a. 4 arg. 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	96 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#38767">IIª-IIae q. 1 a. 4 arg. 4');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	97 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#38768">IIª-IIae q. 1 a. 4 s. c.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	98 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#38769">IIª-IIae q. 1 a. 4 co.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	99 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#38770">IIª-IIae q. 1 a. 4 ad 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	100 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#38771">IIª-IIae q. 1 a. 4 ad 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	101 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#38772">IIª-IIae q. 1 a. 4 ad 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	102 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#38773">IIª-IIae q. 1 a. 4 ad 4');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	103 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#38774">IIª-IIae q. 1 a. 5 arg. 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	104 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#38775">IIª-IIae q. 1 a. 5 arg. 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	105 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#38776">IIª-IIae q. 1 a. 5 arg. 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	106 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#38777">IIª-IIae q. 1 a. 5 arg. 4');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	107 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#38778">IIª-IIae q. 1 a. 5 s. c.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	108 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#38779">IIª-IIae q. 1 a. 5 co.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	109 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#38780">IIª-IIae q. 1 a. 5 ad 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	110 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#38781">IIª-IIae q. 1 a. 5 ad 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	111 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#38782">IIª-IIae q. 1 a. 5 ad 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	112 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#38783">IIª-IIae q. 1 a. 5 ad 4');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	113 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#38784">IIª-IIae q. 1 a. 6 arg. 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	114 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#38785">IIª-IIae q. 1 a. 6 arg. 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	115 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#38786">IIª-IIae q. 1 a. 6 arg. 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	116 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#38787">IIª-IIae q. 1 a. 6 s. c.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	117 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#38788">IIª-IIae q. 1 a. 6 co.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	118 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#38789">IIª-IIae q. 1 a. 6 ad 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	119 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#38790">IIª-IIae q. 1 a. 6 ad 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	120 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#38791">IIª-IIae q. 1 a. 6 ad 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	121 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#38792">IIª-IIae q. 1 a. 7 arg. 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	122 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#38793">IIª-IIae q. 1 a. 7 arg. 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	123 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#38794">IIª-IIae q. 1 a. 7 arg. 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	124 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#38795">IIª-IIae q. 1 a. 7 arg. 4');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	125 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#38796">IIª-IIae q. 1 a. 7 s. c.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	126 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#38797">IIª-IIae q. 1 a. 7 co.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	127 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#38798">IIª-IIae q. 1 a. 7 ad 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	128 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#38799">IIª-IIae q. 1 a. 7 ad 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	129 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#38800">IIª-IIae q. 1 a. 7 ad 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	130 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#38801">IIª-IIae q. 1 a. 7 ad 4');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	131 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#38802">IIª-IIae q. 1 a. 8 arg. 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	132 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#38803">IIª-IIae q. 1 a. 8 arg. 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	133 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#38804">IIª-IIae q. 1 a. 8 arg. 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	134 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#38805">IIª-IIae q. 1 a. 8 arg. 4');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	135 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#38806">IIª-IIae q. 1 a. 8 arg. 5');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	136 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#38807">IIª-IIae q. 1 a. 8 arg. 6');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	137 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#38808">IIª-IIae q. 1 a. 8 s. c.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	138 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#38809">IIª-IIae q. 1 a. 8 co.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	139 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#38810">IIª-IIae q. 1 a. 8 ad 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	140 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#38811">IIª-IIae q. 1 a. 8 ad 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	141 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#38812">IIª-IIae q. 1 a. 8 ad 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	142 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#38813">IIª-IIae q. 1 a. 8 ad 4');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	143 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#38814">IIª-IIae q. 1 a. 8 ad 5');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	144 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#38815">IIª-IIae q. 1 a. 8 ad 6');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	145 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#38816">IIª-IIae q. 1 a. 9 arg. 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	146 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#38817">IIª-IIae q. 1 a. 9 arg. 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	147 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#38818">IIª-IIae q. 1 a. 9 arg. 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	148 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#38819">IIª-IIae q. 1 a. 9 arg. 4');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	149 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#38820">IIª-IIae q. 1 a. 9 arg. 5');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	150 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#38821">IIª-IIae q. 1 a. 9 arg. 6');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	151 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#38822">IIª-IIae q. 1 a. 9 s. c.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	152 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#38823">IIª-IIae q. 1 a. 9 co.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	153 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#38824">IIª-IIae q. 1 a. 9 ad 1');
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4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	157 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#38828">IIª-IIae q. 1 a. 9 ad 5');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	158 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#38829">IIª-IIae q. 1 a. 9 ad 6');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	159 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#38830">IIª-IIae q. 1 a. 10 arg. 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	160 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#38831">IIª-IIae q. 1 a. 10 arg. 2');
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4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	175 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#38846">IIª-IIae q. 2 a. 1 ad 3');
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4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	180 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#38851">IIª-IIae q. 2 a. 2 s. c.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	181 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#38852">IIª-IIae q. 2 a. 2 co.');
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4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	184 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#38855">IIª-IIae q. 2 a. 2 ad 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	185 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#38856">IIª-IIae q. 2 a. 2 ad 4');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	186 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#38857">IIª-IIae q. 2 a. 3 arg. 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	187 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#38858">IIª-IIae q. 2 a. 3 arg. 2');
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4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	190 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#38861">IIª-IIae q. 2 a. 3 co.');
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4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	197 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#38868">IIª-IIae q. 2 a. 4 s. c.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	198 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#38869">IIª-IIae q. 2 a. 4 co.');
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4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	202 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#38873">IIª-IIae q. 2 a. 5 arg. 1');
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4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	205 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#38876">IIª-IIae q. 2 a. 5 s. c.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	206 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#38877">IIª-IIae q. 2 a. 5 co.');
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4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	210 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#38881">IIª-IIae q. 2 a. 6 arg. 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	211 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#38882">IIª-IIae q. 2 a. 6 arg. 2');
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4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	213 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#38884">IIª-IIae q. 2 a. 6 s. c.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	214 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#38885">IIª-IIae q. 2 a. 6 co.');
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4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	216 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#38887">IIª-IIae q. 2 a. 6 ad 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	217 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#38888">IIª-IIae q. 2 a. 6 ad 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	218 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#38889">IIª-IIae q. 2 a. 7 arg. 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	219 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#38890">IIª-IIae q. 2 a. 7 arg. 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	220 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#38891">IIª-IIae q. 2 a. 7 arg. 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	221 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#38892">IIª-IIae q. 2 a. 7 s. c.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	222 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#38893">IIª-IIae q. 2 a. 7 co.');
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4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	224 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#38895">IIª-IIae q. 2 a. 7 ad 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	225 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#38896">IIª-IIae q. 2 a. 7 ad 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	226 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#38897">IIª-IIae q. 2 a. 8 arg. 1');
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4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	229 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#38900">IIª-IIae q. 2 a. 8 s. c.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	230 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#38901">IIª-IIae q. 2 a. 8 co.');
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4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	232 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#38903">IIª-IIae q. 2 a. 8 ad 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	233 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#38904">IIª-IIae q. 2 a. 8 ad 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	234 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#38905">IIª-IIae q. 2 a. 9 arg. 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	235 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#38906">IIª-IIae q. 2 a. 9 arg. 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	236 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#38907">IIª-IIae q. 2 a. 9 arg. 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	237 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#38908">IIª-IIae q. 2 a. 9 s. c.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	238 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#38909">IIª-IIae q. 2 a. 9 co.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	239 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#38910">IIª-IIae q. 2 a. 9 ad 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	240 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#38911">IIª-IIae q. 2 a. 9 ad 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	241 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#38912">IIª-IIae q. 2 a. 9 ad 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	242 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#38913">IIª-IIae q. 2 a. 10 arg. 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	243 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#38914">IIª-IIae q. 2 a. 10 arg. 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	244 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#38915">IIª-IIae q. 2 a. 10 arg. 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	245 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#38916">IIª-IIae q. 2 a. 10 s. c.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	246 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#38917">IIª-IIae q. 2 a. 10 co.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	247 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#38918">IIª-IIae q. 2 a. 10 ad 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	248 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#38919">IIª-IIae q. 2 a. 10 ad 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	249 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#38920">IIª-IIae q. 2 a. 10 ad 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	250 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#38921">IIª-IIae q. 3 pr.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	251 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#38922">IIª-IIae q. 3 a. 1 arg. 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	252 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#38923">IIª-IIae q. 3 a. 1 arg. 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	253 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#38924">IIª-IIae q. 3 a. 1 arg. 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	254 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#38925">IIª-IIae q. 3 a. 1 s. c.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	255 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#38926">IIª-IIae q. 3 a. 1 co.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	256 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#38927">IIª-IIae q. 3 a. 1 ad 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	257 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#38928">IIª-IIae q. 3 a. 1 ad 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	258 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#38929">IIª-IIae q. 3 a. 1 ad 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	259 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#38930">IIª-IIae q. 3 a. 2 arg. 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	260 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#38931">IIª-IIae q. 3 a. 2 arg. 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	261 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#38932">IIª-IIae q. 3 a. 2 arg. 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	262 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#38933">IIª-IIae q. 3 a. 2 s. c.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	263 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#38934">IIª-IIae q. 3 a. 2 co.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	264 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#38935">IIª-IIae q. 3 a. 2 ad 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	265 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#38936">IIª-IIae q. 3 a. 2 ad 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	266 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#38937">IIª-IIae q. 3 a. 2 ad 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	267 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#38938">IIª-IIae q. 4 pr.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	268 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#38939">IIª-IIae q. 4 a. 1 arg. 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	269 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#38940">IIª-IIae q. 4 a. 1 arg. 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	270 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#38941">IIª-IIae q. 4 a. 1 arg. 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	271 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#38942">IIª-IIae q. 4 a. 1 arg. 4');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	272 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#38943">IIª-IIae q. 4 a. 1 arg. 5');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	273 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#38944">IIª-IIae q. 4 a. 1 s. c.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	274 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#38945">IIª-IIae q. 4 a. 1 co.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	275 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#38946">IIª-IIae q. 4 a. 1 ad 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	276 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#38947">IIª-IIae q. 4 a. 1 ad 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	277 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#38948">IIª-IIae q. 4 a. 1 ad 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	278 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#38949">IIª-IIae q. 4 a. 1 ad 4');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	279 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#38950">IIª-IIae q. 4 a. 1 ad 5');
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4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	656 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39327">IIª-IIae q. 13 a. 1 arg. 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	657 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39328">IIª-IIae q. 13 a. 1 arg. 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	658 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39329">IIª-IIae q. 13 a. 1 s. c.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	659 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39330">IIª-IIae q. 13 a. 1 co.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	660 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39331">IIª-IIae q. 13 a. 1 ad 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	661 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39332">IIª-IIae q. 13 a. 1 ad 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	662 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39333">IIª-IIae q. 13 a. 1 ad 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	663 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39334">IIª-IIae q. 13 a. 2 arg. 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	664 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39335">IIª-IIae q. 13 a. 2 arg. 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	665 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39336">IIª-IIae q. 13 a. 2 arg. 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	666 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39337">IIª-IIae q. 13 a. 2 s. c.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	667 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39338">IIª-IIae q. 13 a. 2 co.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	668 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39339">IIª-IIae q. 13 a. 2 ad 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	669 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39340">IIª-IIae q. 13 a. 2 ad 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	670 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39341">IIª-IIae q. 13 a. 2 ad 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	671 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39342">IIª-IIae q. 13 a. 3 arg. 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	672 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39343">IIª-IIae q. 13 a. 3 arg. 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	673 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39344">IIª-IIae q. 13 a. 3 arg. 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	674 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39345">IIª-IIae q. 13 a. 3 s. c.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	675 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39346">IIª-IIae q. 13 a. 3 co.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	676 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39347">IIª-IIae q. 13 a. 3 ad 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	677 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39348">IIª-IIae q. 13 a. 3 ad 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	678 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39349">IIª-IIae q. 13 a. 3 ad 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	679 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39350">IIª-IIae q. 13 a. 4 arg. 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	680 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39351">IIª-IIae q. 13 a. 4 arg. 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	681 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39352">IIª-IIae q. 13 a. 4 arg. 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	682 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39353">IIª-IIae q. 13 a. 4 s. c.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	683 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39354">IIª-IIae q. 13 a. 4 co.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	684 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39355">IIª-IIae q. 13 a. 4 ad 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	685 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39356">IIª-IIae q. 13 a. 4 ad 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	686 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39357">IIª-IIae q. 13 a. 4 ad 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	687 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39358">IIª-IIae q. 14 pr.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	688 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39359">IIª-IIae q. 14 a. 1 arg. 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	689 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39360">IIª-IIae q. 14 a. 1 arg. 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	690 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39361">IIª-IIae q. 14 a. 1 arg. 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	691 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39362">IIª-IIae q. 14 a. 1 s. c.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	692 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39363">IIª-IIae q. 14 a. 1 co.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	693 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39364">IIª-IIae q. 14 a. 1 ad 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	694 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39365">IIª-IIae q. 14 a. 1 ad 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	695 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39366">IIª-IIae q. 14 a. 1 ad 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	696 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39367">IIª-IIae q. 14 a. 2 arg. 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	697 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39368">IIª-IIae q. 14 a. 2 arg. 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	698 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39369">IIª-IIae q. 14 a. 2 arg. 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	699 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39370">IIª-IIae q. 14 a. 2 arg. 4');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	700 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39371">IIª-IIae q. 14 a. 2 s. c.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	701 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39372">IIª-IIae q. 14 a. 2 co.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	702 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39373">IIª-IIae q. 14 a. 2 ad 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	703 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39374">IIª-IIae q. 14 a. 2 ad 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	704 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39375">IIª-IIae q. 14 a. 2 ad 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	705 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39376">IIª-IIae q. 14 a. 2 ad 4');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	706 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39377">IIª-IIae q. 14 a. 3 arg. 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	707 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39378">IIª-IIae q. 14 a. 3 arg. 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	708 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39379">IIª-IIae q. 14 a. 3 arg. 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	709 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39380">IIª-IIae q. 14 a. 3 s. c.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	710 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39381">IIª-IIae q. 14 a. 3 co.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	711 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39382">IIª-IIae q. 14 a. 3 ad 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	712 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39383">IIª-IIae q. 14 a. 3 ad 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	713 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39384">IIª-IIae q. 14 a. 3 ad 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	714 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39385">IIª-IIae q. 14 a. 4 arg. 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	715 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39386">IIª-IIae q. 14 a. 4 arg. 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	716 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39387">IIª-IIae q. 14 a. 4 arg. 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	717 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39388">IIª-IIae q. 14 a. 4 s. c.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	718 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39389">IIª-IIae q. 14 a. 4 co.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	719 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39390">IIª-IIae q. 14 a. 4 ad 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	720 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39391">IIª-IIae q. 14 a. 4 ad 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	721 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39392">IIª-IIae q. 14 a. 4 ad 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	722 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39393">IIª-IIae q. 15 pr.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	723 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39394">IIª-IIae q. 15 a. 1 arg. 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	724 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39395">IIª-IIae q. 15 a. 1 arg. 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	725 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39396">IIª-IIae q. 15 a. 1 arg. 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	726 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39397">IIª-IIae q. 15 a. 1 s. c.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	727 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39398">IIª-IIae q. 15 a. 1 co.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	728 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39399">IIª-IIae q. 15 a. 1 ad 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	729 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39400">IIª-IIae q. 15 a. 1 ad 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	730 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39401">IIª-IIae q. 15 a. 1 ad 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	731 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39402">IIª-IIae q. 15 a. 2 arg. 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	732 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39403">IIª-IIae q. 15 a. 2 arg. 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	733 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39404">IIª-IIae q. 15 a. 2 arg. 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	734 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39405">IIª-IIae q. 15 a. 2 s. c.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	735 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39406">IIª-IIae q. 15 a. 2 co.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	736 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39407">IIª-IIae q. 15 a. 2 ad');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	737 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39408">IIª-IIae q. 15 a. 3 arg. 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	738 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39409">IIª-IIae q. 15 a. 3 arg. 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	739 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39410">IIª-IIae q. 15 a. 3 arg. 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	740 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39411">IIª-IIae q. 15 a. 3 s. c.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	741 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39412">IIª-IIae q. 15 a. 3 co.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	742 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39413">IIª-IIae q. 15 a. 3 ad 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	743 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39414">IIª-IIae q. 15 a. 3 ad 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	744 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39415">IIª-IIae q. 15 a. 3 ad 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	745 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39416">IIª-IIae q. 16 pr.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	746 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39417">IIª-IIae q. 16 a. 1 arg. 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	747 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39418">IIª-IIae q. 16 a. 1 arg. 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	748 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39419">IIª-IIae q. 16 a. 1 arg. 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	749 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39420">IIª-IIae q. 16 a. 1 arg. 4');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	750 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39421">IIª-IIae q. 16 a. 1 arg. 5');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	751 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39422">IIª-IIae q. 16 a. 1 s. c.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	752 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39423">IIª-IIae q. 16 a. 1 co.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	753 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39424">IIª-IIae q. 16 a. 1 ad 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	754 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39425">IIª-IIae q. 16 a. 1 ad 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	755 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39426">IIª-IIae q. 16 a. 1 ad 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	756 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39427">IIª-IIae q. 16 a. 1 ad 4');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	757 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39428">IIª-IIae q. 16 a. 1 ad 5');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	758 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39429">IIª-IIae q. 16 a. 2 arg. 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	759 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39430">IIª-IIae q. 16 a. 2 arg. 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	760 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39431">IIª-IIae q. 16 a. 2 arg. 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	761 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39432">IIª-IIae q. 16 a. 2 arg. 4');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	762 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39433">IIª-IIae q. 16 a. 2 s. c.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	763 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39434">IIª-IIae q. 16 a. 2 co.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	764 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39435">IIª-IIae q. 16 a. 2 ad 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	765 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39436">IIª-IIae q. 16 a. 2 ad 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	766 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39437">IIª-IIae q. 16 a. 2 ad 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	767 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#39438">IIª-IIae q. 16 a. 2 ad 4');
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	768 document.write('<\/SELECT>');
26 4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	769 document.write('<BR><BR>');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	770 document.write('<INPUT TYPE="button" VALUE="Agedum" ONCLICK="go()">');
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	771 document.write('<\/FORM>');
26 4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	772 // -->
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	773 //]]>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	774 </script><br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	775 <hr />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	776 <br /></div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	777 <div class="D">Quaestio 1</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	778 <div class="G">Prooemium</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	779 <p title="II-II q. 1 pr."><a name="38737"><span class="ref">[38737]
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	780 IIª-IIae q. 1 pr.</span></a> Circa virtutes igitur theologicas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	781 primo erit considerandum de fide; secundo, de spe; tertio, de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	782 caritate. Circa fidem vero quadruplex consideratio occurrit, prima
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	783 quidem de ipsa fide; secunda de donis intellectus et scientiae sibi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	784 correspondentibus; tertia de vitiis oppositis; quarta de praeceptis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	785 ad hanc virtutem pertinentibus. Circa fidem vero primo erit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	786 considerandum de eius obiecto; secundo, de eius actu; tertio, de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	787 ipso habitu fidei. Circa primum quaeruntur decem. Primo, utrum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	788 obiectum fidei sit veritas prima. Secundo, utrum obiectum fidei sit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	789 aliquid complexum vel incomplexum, idest res aut enuntiabile.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	790 Tertio, utrum fidei possit subesse falsum. Quarto, utrum obiectum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	791 fidei possit esse aliquid visum. Quinto, utrum possit esse aliquid
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	792 scitum. Sexto, utrum credibilia debeant distingui per certos
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	793 articulos. Septimo, utrum iidem articuli subsint fidei secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	794 omne tempus. Octavo, de numero articulorum. Nono, de modo tradendi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	795 articulos in symbolo. Decimo, cuius sit fidei symbolum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	796 constituere.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	797 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	798 <div class="E">Articulus 1</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	799 <p title="II-II q. 1 a. 1 arg. 1"><a name="38738"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	800 "ref">[38738] IIª-IIae q. 1 a. 1 arg. 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	801 sic proceditur. Videtur quod obiectum fidei non sit veritas prima.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	802 Illud enim videtur esse obiectum fidei quod nobis proponitur ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	803 credendum. Sed non solum proponuntur nobis ad credendum ea quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	804 pertinent ad divinitatem, quae est veritas prima; sed etiam ea quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	805 pertinent ad humanitatem Christi et Ecclesiae sacramenta et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	806 creaturarum conditionem. Ergo non solum veritas prima est fidei
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	807 obiectum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	808 <p title="II-II q. 1 a. 1 arg. 2"><a name="38739"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	809 "ref">[38739] IIª-IIae q. 1 a. 1 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	810 fides et infidelitas sunt circa idem, cum sint opposita. Sed circa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	811 omnia quae in sacra Scriptura continentur potest esse infidelitas,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	812 quidquid enim horum homo negaverit, infidelis reputatur. Ergo etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	813 fides est circa omnia quae in sacra Scriptura continentur. Sed ibi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	814 multa continentur de hominibus et de aliis rebus creatis. Ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	815 obiectum fidei non solum est veritas prima, sed etiam veritas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	816 creata.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	817 <p title="II-II q. 1 a. 1 arg. 3"><a name="38740"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	818 "ref">[38740] IIª-IIae q. 1 a. 1 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	819 fides caritati condividitur, ut supra dictum est. Sed caritate non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	820 solum diligimus Deum, qui est summa bonitas, sed etiam diligimus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	821 proximum. Ergo fidei obiectum non est solum veritas prima.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	822 <p title="II-II q. 1 a. 1 s. c."><a name="38741"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	823 "ref">[38741] IIª-IIae q. 1 a. 1 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	824 est quod Dionysius dicit, VII cap. de Div. Nom., quod <i>fides est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	825 circa simplicem et semper existentem veritatem</i>. Haec autem est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	826 veritas prima. Ergo obiectum fidei est veritas prima.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	827 <p title="II-II q. 1 a. 1 co."><a name="38742"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	828 "ref">[38742] IIª-IIae q. 1 a. 1 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	829 dicendum quod cuiuslibet cognoscitivi habitus obiectum duo habet,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	830 scilicet id quod materialiter cognoscitur, quod est sicut materiale
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	831 obiectum; et id per quod cognoscitur, quod est formalis ratio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	832 obiecti. Sicut in scientia geometriae materialiter scita sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	833 conclusiones; formalis vero ratio sciendi sunt media
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	834 demonstrationis, per quae conclusiones cognoscuntur. Sic igitur in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	835 fide, si consideremus formalem rationem obiecti, nihil est aliud
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	836 quam veritas prima, non enim fides de qua loquimur assentit alicui
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	837 nisi quia est a Deo revelatum; unde ipsi veritati divinae innititur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	838 tanquam medio. Si vero consideremus materialiter ea quibus fides
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	839 assentit, non solum est ipse Deus, sed etiam multa alia. Quae tamen
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	840 sub assensu fidei non cadunt nisi secundum quod habent aliquem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	841 ordinem ad Deum, prout scilicet per aliquos divinitatis effectus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	842 homo adiuvatur ad tendendum in divinam fruitionem. Et ideo etiam ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	843 hac parte obiectum fidei est quodammodo veritas prima, inquantum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	844 nihil cadit sub fide nisi in ordine ad Deum, sicut etiam obiectum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	845 medicinae est sanitas, quia nihil medicina considerat nisi in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	846 ordine ad sanitatem.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	847 <p title="II-II q. 1 a. 1 ad 1"><a name="38743"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	848 "ref">[38743] IIª-IIae q. 1 a. 1 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	849 ergo dicendum quod ea quae pertinent ad humanitatem Christi et ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	850 sacramenta Ecclesiae vel ad quascumque creaturas cadunt sub fide
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	851 inquantum per haec ordinamur ad Deum. Et eis etiam assentimus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	852 propter divinam veritatem.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	853 <p title="II-II q. 1 a. 1 ad 2"><a name="38744"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	854 "ref">[38744] IIª-IIae q. 1 a. 1 ad 2</span></a> Et similiter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	855 dicendum est ad secundum, de omnibus illis quae in sacra Scriptura
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	856 traduntur.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	857 <p title="II-II q. 1 a. 1 ad 3"><a name="38745"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	858 "ref">[38745] IIª-IIae q. 1 a. 1 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	859 dicendum quod etiam caritas diligit proximum propter Deum; et sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	860 obiectum eius proprie est ipse Deus, ut infra dicetur.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	861 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	862 <div class="E">Articulus 2</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	863 <p title="II-II q. 1 a. 2 arg. 1"><a name="38746"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	864 "ref">[38746] IIª-IIae q. 1 a. 2 arg. 1</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	865 sic proceditur. Videtur quod obiectum fidei non sit aliquid
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	866 complexum per modum enuntiabilis. Obiectum enim fidei est veritas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	867 prima, sicut dictum est. Sed prima veritas est aliquid incomplexum.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	868 Ergo obiectum fidei non est aliquid complexum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	869 <p title="II-II q. 1 a. 2 arg. 2"><a name="38747"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	870 "ref">[38747] IIª-IIae q. 1 a. 2 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	871 expositio fidei in symbolo continetur. Sed in symbolo non ponuntur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	872 enuntiabilia, sed res, non enim dicitur ibi quod Deus sit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	873 omnipotens, sed, credo in Deum omnipotentem. Ergo obiectum fidei
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	874 non est enuntiabile, sed res.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	875 <p title="II-II q. 1 a. 2 arg. 3"><a name="38748"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	876 "ref">[38748] IIª-IIae q. 1 a. 2 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	877 fidei succedit visio, secundum illud I ad Cor. XIII, <i>videmus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	878 nunc per speculum in aenigmate, tunc autem facie ad faciem</i>. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	879 visio patriae est de incomplexo, cum sit ipsius divinae essentiae.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	880 Ergo etiam fides viae.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	881 <p title="II-II q. 1 a. 2 s. c."><a name="38749"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	882 "ref">[38749] IIª-IIae q. 1 a. 2 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	883 fides est media inter scientiam et opinionem. Medium autem et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	884 extrema sunt eiusdem generis. Cum igitur scientia et opinio sint
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	885 circa enuntiabilia, videtur quod similiter fides sit circa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	886 enuntiabilia. Et ita obiectum fidei, cum fides sit circa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	887 enuntiabilia, est aliquid complexum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	888 <p title="II-II q. 1 a. 2 co."><a name="38750"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	889 "ref">[38750] IIª-IIae q. 1 a. 2 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	890 dicendum quod cognita sunt in cognoscente secundum modum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	891 cognoscentis. Est autem modus proprius humani intellectus ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	892 componendo et dividendo veritatem cognoscat, sicut in primo dictum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	893 est. Et ideo ea quae sunt secundum se simplicia intellectus humanus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	894 cognoscit secundum quandam complexionem, sicut e converso
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	895 intellectus divinus incomplexe cognoscit ea quae sunt secundum se
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	896 complexa. Sic igitur obiectum fidei dupliciter considerari potest.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	897 Uno modo, ex parte ipsius rei creditae, et sic obiectum fidei est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	898 aliquid incomplexum, scilicet res ipsa de qua fides habetur. Alio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	899 modo, ex parte credentis, et secundum hoc obiectum fidei est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	900 aliquid complexum per modum enuntiabilis. Et ideo utrumque vere
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	901 opinatum fuit apud antiquos, et secundum aliquid utrumque est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	902 verum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	903 <p title="II-II q. 1 a. 2 ad 1"><a name="38751"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	904 "ref">[38751] IIª-IIae q. 1 a. 2 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	905 ergo dicendum quod ratio illa procedit de obiecto fidei ex parte
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	906 ipsius rei creditae.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	907 <p title="II-II q. 1 a. 2 ad 2"><a name="38752"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	908 "ref">[38752] IIª-IIae q. 1 a. 2 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	909 dicendum quod in symbolo tanguntur ea de quibus est fides inquantum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	910 ad ea terminatur actus credentis, ut ex ipso modo loquendi apparet.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	911 Actus autem credentis non terminatur ad enuntiabile, sed ad rem,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	912 non enim formamus enuntiabilia nisi ut per ea de rebus cognitionem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	913 habeamus, sicut in scientia, ita et in fide.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	914 <p title="II-II q. 1 a. 2 ad 3"><a name="38753"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	915 "ref">[38753] IIª-IIae q. 1 a. 2 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	916 dicendum quod visio patriae erit veritatis primae secundum quod in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	917 se est, secundum illud I Ioan. III, <i>cum apparuerit, similes ei
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	918 erimus et videbimus eum sicuti est</i>. Et ideo visio illa erit non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	919 per modum enuntiabilis, sed per modum simplicis intelligentiae. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	920 per fidem non apprehendimus veritatem primam sicut in se est. Unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	921 non est similis ratio.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	922 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	923 <div class="E">Articulus 3</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	924 <p title="II-II q. 1 a. 3 arg. 1"><a name="38754"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	925 "ref">[38754] IIª-IIae q. 1 a. 3 arg. 1</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	926 sic proceditur. Videtur quod fidei possit subesse falsum. Fides
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	927 enim condividitur spei et caritati. Sed spei potest aliquid subesse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	928 falsum, multi enim sperant se habituros vitam aeternam qui non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	929 habebunt. Similiter etiam et caritati, multi enim diliguntur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	930 tanquam boni qui tamen boni non sunt. Ergo etiam fidei potest
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	931 aliquid subesse falsum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	932 <p title="II-II q. 1 a. 3 arg. 2"><a name="38755"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	933 "ref">[38755] IIª-IIae q. 1 a. 3 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	934 Abraham credidit Christum nasciturum, secundum illud Ioan. VIII,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	935 <i>Abraham, pater vester, exultavit ut videret diem meum</i>. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	936 post tempus Abrahae Deus poterat non incarnari, sola enim sua
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	937 voluntate carnem accepit, et ita esset falsum quod Abraham de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	938 Christo credidit. Ergo fidei potest subesse falsum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	939 <p title="II-II q. 1 a. 3 arg. 3"><a name="38756"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	940 "ref">[38756] IIª-IIae q. 1 a. 3 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	941 fides antiquorum fuit quod Christus esset nasciturus, et haec fides
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	942 duravit in multis usque ad praedicationem Evangelii. Sed Christo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	943 iam nato, antequam praedicare inciperet, falsum erat Christum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	944 nasciturum. Ergo fidei potest subesse falsum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	945 <p title="II-II q. 1 a. 3 arg. 4"><a name="38757"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	946 "ref">[38757] IIª-IIae q. 1 a. 3 arg. 4</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	947 unum de pertinentibus ad fidem est ut aliquis credat sub sacramento
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	948 altaris verum corpus Christi contineri. Potest autem contingere,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	949 quando non recte consecratur, quod non est ibi verum corpus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	950 Christi, sed solum panis. Ergo fidei potest subesse falsum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	951 <p title="II-II q. 1 a. 3 s. c."><a name="38758"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	952 "ref">[38758] IIª-IIae q. 1 a. 3 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	953 nulla virtus perficiens intellectum se habet ad falsum secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	954 quod est malum intellectus, ut patet per philosophum, in VI Ethic.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	955 Sed fides est quaedam virtus perficiens intellectum, ut infra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	956 patebit. Ergo ei non potest subesse falsum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	957 <p title="II-II q. 1 a. 3 co."><a name="38759"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	958 "ref">[38759] IIª-IIae q. 1 a. 3 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	959 dicendum quod nihil subest alicui potentiae vel habitui aut etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	960 actui, nisi mediante ratione formali obiecti, sicut color videri
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	961 non potest nisi per lucem, et conclusio sciri non potest nisi per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	962 medium demonstrationis. Dictum est autem quod ratio formalis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	963 obiecti fidei est veritas prima. Unde nihil potest cadere sub fide
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	964 nisi inquantum stat sub veritate prima. Sub qua nullum falsum stare
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	965 potest, sicut nec non ens sub ente, nec malum sub bonitate. Unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	966 relinquitur quod fidei non potest subesse aliquod falsum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	967 <p title="II-II q. 1 a. 3 ad 1"><a name="38760"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	968 "ref">[38760] IIª-IIae q. 1 a. 3 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	969 ergo dicendum quod, quia verum est bonum intellectus, non autem est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	970 bonum appetitivae virtutis, ideo omnes virtutes quae perficiunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	971 intellectum excludunt totaliter falsum, quia de ratione virtutis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	972 est quod se habeat solum ad bonum. Virtutes autem perficientes
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	973 partem appetitivam non excludunt totaliter falsum, potest enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	974 aliquis secundum iustitiam aut temperantiam agere aliquam falsam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	975 opinionem habens de eo circa quod agit. Et ita, cum fides perficiat
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	976 intellectum, spes autem et caritas appetitivam partem, non est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	977 similis ratio de eis. Et tamen neque etiam spei subest falsum. Non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	978 enim aliquis sperat se habiturum vitam aeternam secundum propriam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	979 potestatem (hoc enim esset praesumptionis), sed secundum auxilium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	980 gratiae, in qua si perseveraverit, omnino infallibiliter vitam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	981 aeternam consequetur. Similiter etiam ad caritatem pertinet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	982 diligere Deum in quocumque fuerit. Unde non refert ad caritatem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	983 utrum in isto sit Deus qui propter Deum diligitur.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	984 <p title="II-II q. 1 a. 3 ad 2"><a name="38761"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	985 "ref">[38761] IIª-IIae q. 1 a. 3 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	986 dicendum quod Deum non incarnari, secundum se consideratum, fuit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	987 possibile etiam post tempus Abrahae. Sed secundum quod cadit sub
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	988 praescientia divina, habet quandam necessitatem infallibilitatis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	989 ut in primo dictum est. Et hoc modo cadit sub fide. Unde prout
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	990 cadit sub fide, non potest esse falsum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	991 <p title="II-II q. 1 a. 3 ad 3"><a name="38762"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	992 "ref">[38762] IIª-IIae q. 1 a. 3 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	993 dicendum quod hoc ad fidem credentis pertinebat post Christi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	994 nativitatem quod crederet eum quandoque nasci. Sed illa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	995 determinatio temporis, in qua decipiebatur, non erat ex fide, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	996 ex coniectura humana. Possibile est enim hominem fidelem ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	997 coniectura humana falsum aliquid aestimare. Sed quod ex fide falsum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	998 aestimet, hoc est impossibile.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	999 <p title="II-II q. 1 a. 3 ad 4"><a name="38763"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1000 "ref">[38763] IIª-IIae q. 1 a. 3 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1001 dicendum quod fides credentis non refertur ad has species panis vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1002 illas, sed ad hoc quod verum corpus Christi sit sub speciebus panis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1003 sensibilis quando recte fuerit consecratum. Unde si non sit recte
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1004 consecratum, fidei non suberit propter hoc falsum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1005 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1006 <div class="E">Articulus 4</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1007 <p title="II-II q. 1 a. 4 arg. 1"><a name="38764"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1008 "ref">[38764] IIª-IIae q. 1 a. 4 arg. 1</span></a> Ad quartum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1009 sic proceditur. Videtur quod obiectum fidei sit aliquid visum.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1010 Dicit enim dominus Thomae, Ioan. XX, <i>quia vidisti me,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1011 credidisti</i>. Ergo et de eodem est visio et fides.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1012 <p title="II-II q. 1 a. 4 arg. 2"><a name="38765"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1013 "ref">[38765] IIª-IIae q. 1 a. 4 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1014 apostolus, I ad Cor. XIII, dicit, <i>videmus nunc per speculum in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1015 aenigmate</i>. Et loquitur de cognitione fidei. Ergo id quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1016 creditur videtur.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1017 <p title="II-II q. 1 a. 4 arg. 3"><a name="38766"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1018 "ref">[38766] IIª-IIae q. 1 a. 4 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1019 fides est quoddam spirituale lumen. Sed quolibet lumine aliquid
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1020 videtur. Ergo fides est de rebus visis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1021 <p title="II-II q. 1 a. 4 arg. 4"><a name="38767"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1022 "ref">[38767] IIª-IIae q. 1 a. 4 arg. 4</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1023 quilibet sensus visus nominatur, ut Augustinus dicit, in libro de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1024 Verb. Dom. Sed fides est de auditis, secundum illud ad Rom. X,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1025 fides ex auditu. Ergo fides est de rebus visis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1026 <p title="II-II q. 1 a. 4 s. c."><a name="38768"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1027 "ref">[38768] IIª-IIae q. 1 a. 4 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1028 est quod apostolus dicit, ad Heb. XI, quod <i>fides est argumentum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1029 non apparentium</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1030 <p title="II-II q. 1 a. 4 co."><a name="38769"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1031 "ref">[38769] IIª-IIae q. 1 a. 4 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1032 dicendum quod fides importat assensum intellectus ad id quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1033 creditur. Assentit autem alicui intellectus dupliciter. Uno modo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1034 quia ad hoc movetur ab ipso obiecto, quod est vel per seipsum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1035 cognitum, sicut patet in principiis primis, quorum est intellectus;
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1036 vel est per aliud cognitum, sicut patet de conclusionibus, quarum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1037 est scientia. Alio modo intellectus assentit alicui non quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1038 sufficienter moveatur ab obiecto proprio, sed per quandam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1039 electionem voluntarie declinans in unam partem magis quam in aliam.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1040 Et si quidem hoc fit cum dubitatione et formidine alterius partis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1041 erit opinio, si autem fit cum certitudine absque tali formidine,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1042 erit fides. Illa autem videri dicuntur quae per seipsa movent
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1043 intellectum nostrum vel sensum ad sui cognitionem. Unde manifestum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1044 est quod nec fides nec opinio potest esse de visis aut secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1045 sensum aut secundum intellectum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1046 <p title="II-II q. 1 a. 4 ad 1"><a name="38770"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1047 "ref">[38770] IIª-IIae q. 1 a. 4 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1048 ergo dicendum quod <i>Thomas aliud vidit et aliud credidit. Hominem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1049 vidit et Deum credens confessus est, cum dixit, dominus meus et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1050 Deus meus</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1051 <p title="II-II q. 1 a. 4 ad 2"><a name="38771"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1052 "ref">[38771] IIª-IIae q. 1 a. 4 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1053 dicendum quod ea quae subsunt fidei dupliciter considerari possunt.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1054 Uno modo, in speciali, et sic non possunt esse simul visa et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1055 credita, sicut dictum est. Alio modo, in generali, scilicet sub
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1056 communi ratione credibilis. Et sic sunt visa ab eo qui credit, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1057 enim crederet nisi videret ea esse credenda, vel propter evidentiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1058 signorum vel propter aliquid huiusmodi.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1059 <p title="II-II q. 1 a. 4 ad 3"><a name="38772"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1060 "ref">[38772] IIª-IIae q. 1 a. 4 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1061 dicendum quod lumen fidei facit videre ea quae creduntur. Sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1062 enim per alios habitus virtutum homo videt illud quod est sibi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1063 conveniens secundum habitum illum, ita etiam per habitum fidei
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1064 inclinatur mens hominis ad assentiendum his quae conveniunt rectae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1065 fidei et non aliis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1066 <p title="II-II q. 1 a. 4 ad 4"><a name="38773"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1067 "ref">[38773] IIª-IIae q. 1 a. 4 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1068 dicendum quod auditus est verborum significantium ea quae sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1069 fidei, non autem est ipsarum rerum de quibus est fides. Et sic non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1070 oportet ut huiusmodi res sint visae.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1071 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1072 <div class="E">Articulus 5</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1073 <p title="II-II q. 1 a. 5 arg. 1"><a name="38774"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1074 "ref">[38774] IIª-IIae q. 1 a. 5 arg. 1</span></a> Ad quintum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1075 sic proceditur. Videtur quod ea quae sunt fidei possint esse scita.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1076 Ea enim quae non sciuntur videntur esse ignorata, quia ignorantia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1077 scientiae opponitur. Sed ea quae sunt fidei non sunt ignorata,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1078 horum enim ignorantia ad infidelitatem pertinet, secundum illud I
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1079 ad Tim. I, <i>ignorans feci in incredulitate mea</i>. Ergo ea quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1080 sunt fidei possunt esse scita.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1081 <p title="II-II q. 1 a. 5 arg. 2"><a name="38775"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1082 "ref">[38775] IIª-IIae q. 1 a. 5 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1083 scientia per rationes acquiritur. Sed ad ea quae sunt fidei a
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1084 sacris auctoribus rationes inducuntur. Ergo ea quae sunt fidei
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1085 possunt esse scita.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1086 <p title="II-II q. 1 a. 5 arg. 3"><a name="38776"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1087 "ref">[38776] IIª-IIae q. 1 a. 5 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1088 ea quae demonstrative probantur sunt scita, quia demonstratio est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1089 syllogismus faciens scire. Sed quaedam quae in fide continentur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1090 sunt demonstrative probata a philosophis, sicut Deum esse, et Deum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1091 esse unum, et alia huiusmodi. Ergo ea quae sunt fidei possunt esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1092 scita.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1093 <p title="II-II q. 1 a. 5 arg. 4"><a name="38777"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1094 "ref">[38777] IIª-IIae q. 1 a. 5 arg. 4</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1095 opinio plus distat a scientia quam fides, cum fides dicatur esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1096 media inter opinionem et scientiam. Sed opinio et scientia possunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1097 esse aliquo modo de eodem, ut dicitur in I Poster. Ergo etiam fides
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1098 et scientia.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1099 <p title="II-II q. 1 a. 5 s. c."><a name="38778"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1100 "ref">[38778] IIª-IIae q. 1 a. 5 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1101 est quod Gregorius dicit, quod <i>apparentia non habent fidem, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1102 agnitionem</i>. Ea ergo de quibus est fides agnitionem non habent.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1103 Sed ea quae sunt scita habent agnitionem. Ergo de his quae sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1104 scita non potest esse fides.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1105 <p title="II-II q. 1 a. 5 co."><a name="38779"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1106 "ref">[38779] IIª-IIae q. 1 a. 5 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1107 dicendum quod omnis scientia habetur per aliqua principia per se
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1108 nota, et per consequens visa. Et ideo oportet quaecumque sunt scita
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1109 aliquo modo esse visa. Non autem est possibile quod idem ab eodem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1110 sit creditum et visum, sicut supra dictum est. Unde etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1111 impossibile est quod ab eodem idem sit scitum et creditum. Potest
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1112 tamen contingere ut id quod est visum vel scitum ab uno, sit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1113 creditum ab alio. Ea enim quae de Trinitate credimus nos visuros
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1114 speramus, secundum illud I ad Cor. XIII, <i>videmus nunc per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1115 speculum in aenigmate, tunc autem facie ad faciem</i>, quam quidem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1116 visionem iam Angeli habent, unde quod nos credimus illi vident. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1117 similiter potest contingere ut id quod est visum vel scitum ab uno
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1118 homine, etiam in statu viae, sit ab alio creditum, qui hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1119 demonstrative non novit. Id tamen quod communiter omnibus hominibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1120 proponitur ut credendum est communiter non scitum. Et ista sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1121 quae simpliciter fidei subsunt. Et ideo fides et scientia non sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1122 de eodem.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1123 <p title="II-II q. 1 a. 5 ad 1"><a name="38780"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1124 "ref">[38780] IIª-IIae q. 1 a. 5 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1125 ergo dicendum quod infideles eorum quae sunt fidei ignorantiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1126 habent, quia nec vident aut sciunt ea in seipsis, nec cognoscunt ea
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1127 esse credibilia. Sed per hunc modum fideles habent eorum notitiam,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1128 non quasi demonstrative, sed inquantum per lumen fidei videntur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1129 esse credenda, ut dictum est.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1130 <p title="II-II q. 1 a. 5 ad 2"><a name="38781"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1131 "ref">[38781] IIª-IIae q. 1 a. 5 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1132 dicendum quod rationes quae inducuntur a sanctis ad probandum ea
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1133 quae sunt fidei non sunt demonstrativae, sed persuasiones quaedam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1134 manifestantes non esse impossibile quod in fide proponitur. Vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1135 procedunt ex principiis fidei, scilicet ex auctoritatibus sacrae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1136 Scripturae, sicut Dionysius dicit, II cap. de Div. Nom. Ex his
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1137 autem principiis ita probatur aliquid apud fideles sicut etiam ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1138 principiis naturaliter notis probatur aliquid apud omnes. Unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1139 etiam theologia scientia est, ut in principio operis dictum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1140 est.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1141 <p title="II-II q. 1 a. 5 ad 3"><a name="38782"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1142 "ref">[38782] IIª-IIae q. 1 a. 5 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1143 dicendum quod ea quae demonstrative probari possunt inter credenda
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1144 numerantur, non quia de ipsis sit simpliciter fides apud omnes, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1145 quia praeexiguntur ad ea quae sunt fidei, et oportet ea saltem per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1146 fidem praesupponi ab his qui horum demonstrationem non habent.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1147 <p title="II-II q. 1 a. 5 ad 4"><a name="38783"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1148 "ref">[38783] IIª-IIae q. 1 a. 5 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1149 dicendum quod, sicut philosophus ibidem dicit, a diversis hominibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1150 de eodem omnino potest haberi scientia et opinio, sicut et nunc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1151 dictum est de scientia et fide. Sed ab uno et eodem potest quidem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1152 haberi fides et scientia de eodem secundum quid, scilicet subiecto,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1153 sed non secundum idem, potest enim esse quod de una et eadem re
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1154 aliquis aliquid sciat et aliquid aliud opinetur; et similiter de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1155 Deo potest aliquis demonstrative scire quod sit unus, et credere
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1156 quod sit trinus. Sed de eodem secundum idem non potest esse simul
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1157 in uno homine scientia nec cum opinione nec cum fide, alia tamen et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1158 alia ratione. Scientia enim cum opinione simul esse non potest
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1159 simpliciter de eodem, quia de ratione scientiae est quod id quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1160 scitur existimetur esse impossibile aliter se habere; de ratione
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1161 autem opinionis est quod id quod quis existimat, existimet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1162 possibile aliter se habere. Sed id quod fide tenetur, propter fidei
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1163 certitudinem, existimatur etiam impossibile aliter se habere, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1164 ea ratione non potest simul idem et secundum idem esse scitum et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1165 creditum, quia scitum est visum et creditum est non visum, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1166 dictum est.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1167 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1168 <div class="E">Articulus 6</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1169 <p title="II-II q. 1 a. 6 arg. 1"><a name="38784"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1170 "ref">[38784] IIª-IIae q. 1 a. 6 arg. 1</span></a> Ad sextum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1171 sic proceditur. Videtur quod credibilia non sint per certos
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1172 articulos distinguenda. Eorum enim omnium quae in sacra Scriptura
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1173 continentur est fides habenda. Sed illa non possunt reduci ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1174 aliquem certum numerum, propter sui multitudinem. Ergo superfluum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1175 videtur articulos fidei distinguere.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1176 <p title="II-II q. 1 a. 6 arg. 2"><a name="38785"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1177 "ref">[38785] IIª-IIae q. 1 a. 6 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1178 materialis distinctio, cum in infinitum fieri possit, est ab arte
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1179 praetermittenda. Sed formalis ratio obiecti credibilis est una et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1180 indivisibilis, ut supra dictum est, scilicet veritas prima, et sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1181 secundum rationem formalem credibilia distingui non possunt. Ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1182 praetermittenda est credibilium materialis distinctio per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1183 articulos.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1184 <p title="II-II q. 1 a. 6 arg. 3"><a name="38786"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1185 "ref">[38786] IIª-IIae q. 1 a. 6 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1186 sicut a quibusdam dicitur, <i>articulus est indivisibilis veritas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1187 de Deo arctans nos ad credendum</i>. Sed credere est voluntarium,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1188 quia, sicut Augustinus dicit, nullus credit nisi volens. Ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1189 videtur quod inconvenienter distinguantur credibilia per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1190 articulos.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1191 <p title="II-II q. 1 a. 6 s. c."><a name="38787"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1192 "ref">[38787] IIª-IIae q. 1 a. 6 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1193 est quod Isidorus dicit, <i>articulus est perceptio divinae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1194 veritatis tendens in ipsam</i>. Sed perceptio divinae veritatis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1195 competit nobis secundum distinctionem quandam, quae enim in Deo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1196 unum sunt in nostro intellectu multiplicantur. Ergo credibilia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1197 debent per articulos distingui.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1198 <p title="II-II q. 1 a. 6 co."><a name="38788"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1199 "ref">[38788] IIª-IIae q. 1 a. 6 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1200 dicendum quod nomen articuli ex Graeco videtur esse derivatum.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1201 Arthron enim in Graeco, quod in Latino articulus dicitur,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1202 significat quandam coaptationem aliquarum partium distinctarum. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1203 ideo particulae corporis sibi invicem coaptatae dicuntur membrorum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1204 articuli. Et similiter in grammatica apud Graecos dicuntur articuli
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1205 quaedam partes orationis coaptatae aliis dictionibus ad exprimendum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1206 earum genus, numerum vel casum. Et similiter in rhetorica articuli
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1207 dicuntur quaedam partium coaptationes, dicit enim Tullius, in IV
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1208 Rhet., quod <i>articulus dicitur cum singula verba intervallis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1209 distinguuntur caesa oratione, hoc modo, acrimonia, voce, vultu
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1210 adversarios perterruisti</i>. Unde et credibilia fidei Christianae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1211 dicuntur per articulos distingui inquantum in quasdam partes
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1212 dividuntur habentes aliquam coaptationem ad invicem. Est autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1213 obiectum fidei aliquid non visum circa divina, ut supra dictum est.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1214 Et ideo ubi occurrit aliquid speciali ratione non visum, ibi est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1215 specialis articulus, ubi autem multa secundum eandem rationem sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1216 incognita, ibi non sunt articuli distinguendi. Sicut aliam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1217 difficultatem habet ad videndum quod Deus sit passus, et aliam quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1218 mortuus resurrexerit, et ideo distinguitur articulus resurrectionis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1219 ab articulo passionis. Sed quod sit passus, mortuus et sepultus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1220 unam et eandem difficultatem habent, ita quod, uno suscepto, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1221 est difficile alia suscipere, et propter hoc omnia haec pertinent
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1222 ad unum articulum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1223 <p title="II-II q. 1 a. 6 ad 1"><a name="38789"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1224 "ref">[38789] IIª-IIae q. 1 a. 6 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1225 ergo dicendum quod aliqua sunt credibilia de quibus est fides
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1226 secundum se; aliqua vero sunt credibilia de quibus non est fides
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1227 secundum se, sed solum in ordine ad alia, sicut etiam in aliis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1228 scientiis quaedam proponuntur ut per se intenta, et quaedam ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1229 manifestationem aliorum. Quia vero fides principaliter est de his
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1230 quae videnda speramus in patria, secundum illud Heb. XI, <i>fides
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1231 est substantia sperandarum rerum</i>; ideo per se ad fidem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1232 pertinent illa quae directe nos ordinant ad vitam aeternam, sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1233 sunt tres personae, omnipotentia Dei, mysterium incarnationis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1234 Christi, et alia huiusmodi. Et secundum ista distinguuntur articuli
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1235 fidei. Quaedam vero proponuntur in sacra Scriptura ut credenda non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1236 quasi principaliter intenta, sed ad praedictorum manifestationem,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1237 sicut quod Abraham habuit duos filios, quod ad tactum ossium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1238 Elisaei suscitatus est mortuus, et alia huiusmodi, quae narrantur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1239 in sacra Scriptura in ordine ad manifestationem divinae maiestatis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1240 vel incarnationis Christi. Et secundum talia non oportet articulos
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1241 distinguere.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1242 <p title="II-II q. 1 a. 6 ad 2"><a name="38790"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1243 "ref">[38790] IIª-IIae q. 1 a. 6 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1244 dicendum quod ratio formalis obiecti fidei potest accipi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1245 dupliciter. Uno modo, ex parte ipsius rei creditae. Et sic ratio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1246 formalis omnium credibilium est una, scilicet veritas prima. Et ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1247 hac parte articuli non distinguuntur. Alio modo potest accipi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1248 formalis ratio credibilium ex parte nostra. Et sic ratio formalis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1249 credibilis est ut sit non visum. Et ex hac parte articuli fidei
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1250 distinguuntur, ut visum est.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1251 <p title="II-II q. 1 a. 6 ad 3"><a name="38791"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1252 "ref">[38791] IIª-IIae q. 1 a. 6 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1253 dicendum quod illa definitio datur de articulo magis secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1254 quandam etymologiam nominis prout habet derivationem Latinam, quam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1255 secundum eius veram significationem prout a Graeco derivatur. Unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1256 non est magni ponderis. Potest tamen dici quod, licet ad credendum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1257 necessitate coactionis nullus arctetur, cum credere sit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1258 voluntarium; arctatur tamen necessitate finis, quia <i>accedentem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1259 ad Deum oportet credere, et sine fide impossibile est placere
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1260 Deo</i>, ut apostolus dicit, Heb. XI.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1261 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1262 <div class="E">Articulus 7</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1263 <p title="II-II q. 1 a. 7 arg. 1"><a name="38792"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1264 "ref">[38792] IIª-IIae q. 1 a. 7 arg. 1</span></a> Ad septimum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1265 sic proceditur. Videtur quod articuli fidei non creverint secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1266 temporum successionem. Quia, ut apostolus dicit, ad Heb. XI,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1267 <i>fides est substantia sperandarum rerum</i>. Sed omni tempore
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1268 sunt eadem speranda. Ergo omni tempore sunt eadem credenda.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1269 <p title="II-II q. 1 a. 7 arg. 2"><a name="38793"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1270 "ref">[38793] IIª-IIae q. 1 a. 7 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1271 in scientiis humanitus ordinatis per successionem temporum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1272 augmentum factum est propter defectum cognitionis in primis qui
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1273 scientias invenerunt, ut patet per philosophum, in II Metaphys. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1274 doctrina fidei non est inventa humanitus, sed tradita a Deo. Dei
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1275 enim donum est, ut dicitur Ephes. II. Cum igitur in Deum nullus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1276 defectus scientiae cadat, videtur quod a principio cognitio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1277 credibilium fuerit perfecta, et quod non creverit secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1278 successionem temporum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1279 <p title="II-II q. 1 a. 7 arg. 3"><a name="38794"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1280 "ref">[38794] IIª-IIae q. 1 a. 7 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1281 operatio gratiae non minus ordinate procedit quam operatio naturae.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1282 Sed natura semper initium sumit a perfectis ut Boetius dicit, in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1283 libro de Consol. Ergo etiam videtur quod operatio gratiae a
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1284 perfectis initium sumpserit, ita quod illi qui primo tradiderunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1285 fidem perfectissime eam cognoverunt.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1286 <p title="II-II q. 1 a. 7 arg. 4"><a name="38795"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1287 "ref">[38795] IIª-IIae q. 1 a. 7 arg. 4</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1288 sicut per apostolos ad nos fides Christi pervenit, ita etiam in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1289 veteri testamento per priores patres ad posteriores devenit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1290 cognitio fidei, secundum illud Deut. XXXII, <i>interroga patrem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1291 tuum et annuntiabit tibi</i>. Sed apostoli plenissime fuerunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1292 instructi de mysteriis, acceperunt enim, <i>sicut tempore prius,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1293 ita et ceteris abundantius</i>, ut dicit Glossa, super illud Rom.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1294 VIII, <i>nos ipsi primitias spiritus habentes</i>. Ergo videtur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1295 quod cognitio credibilium non creverit per temporum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1296 successionem.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1297 <p title="II-II q. 1 a. 7 s. c."><a name="38796"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1298 "ref">[38796] IIª-IIae q. 1 a. 7 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1299 est quod Gregorius dicit, quod <i>secundum incrementa temporum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1300 crevit scientia sanctorum patrum, et quanto viciniores adventui
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1301 salvatoris fuerunt, tanto sacramenta salutis plenius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1302 perceperunt</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1303 <p title="II-II q. 1 a. 7 co."><a name="38797"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1304 "ref">[38797] IIª-IIae q. 1 a. 7 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1305 dicendum quod ita se habent in doctrina fidei articuli fidei sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1306 principia per se nota in doctrina quae per rationem naturalem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1307 habetur. In quibus principiis ordo quidam invenitur, ut quaedam in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1308 aliis implicite contineantur, sicut omnia principia reducuntur ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1309 hoc sicut ad primum, <i>impossibile est simul affirmare et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1310 negare</i>, ut patet per philosophum, in IV Metaphys. Et similiter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1311 omnes articuli implicite continentur in aliquibus primis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1312 credibilibus, scilicet ut credatur Deus esse et providentiam habere
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1313 circa hominum salutem, secundum illud ad Heb. XI, <i>accedentem ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1314 Deum oportet credere quia est, et quod inquirentibus se remunerator
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1315 sit</i>. In esse enim divino includuntur omnia quae credimus in Deo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1316 aeternaliter existere, in quibus nostra beatitudo consistit, in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1317 fide autem providentiae includuntur omnia quae temporaliter a Deo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1318 dispensantur ad hominum salutem, quae sunt via in beatitudinem. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1319 per hunc etiam modum aliorum subsequentium articulorum quidam in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1320 aliis continentur, sicut in fide redemptionis humanae implicite
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1321 continetur et incarnatio Christi et eius passio et omnia huiusmodi.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1322 Sic igitur dicendum est quod, quantum ad substantiam articulorum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1323 fidei, non est factum eorum augmentum per temporum successionem,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1324 quia quaecumque posteriores crediderunt continebantur in fide
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1325 praecedentium patrum, licet implicite. Sed quantum ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1326 explicationem, crevit numerus articulorum, quia quaedam explicite
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1327 cognita sunt a posterioribus quae a prioribus non cognoscebantur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1328 explicite. Unde dominus Moysi dicit, Exod. VI, <i>ego sum Deus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1329 Abraham, Deus Isaac, Deus Iacob, et nomen meum Adonai non indicavi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1330 eis</i>. Et David dicit, <i>super senes intellexi</i>. Et apostolus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1331 dicit, ad Ephes. III, <i>aliis generationibus non est agnitum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1332 mysterium Christi sicut nunc revelatum est sanctis apostolis eius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1333 et prophetis</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1334 <p title="II-II q. 1 a. 7 ad 1"><a name="38798"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1335 "ref">[38798] IIª-IIae q. 1 a. 7 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1336 ergo dicendum quod semper fuerunt eadem speranda apud omnes. Quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1337 tamen ad haec speranda homines non pervenerunt nisi per Christum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1338 quanto a Christo fuerunt remotiores secundum tempus, tanto a
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1339 consecutione sperandorum longinquiores, unde apostolus dicit, ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1340 Heb. XI, <i>iuxta fidem defuncti sunt omnes isti, non acceptis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1341 repromissionibus, sed a longe eas respicientes</i>. Quanto autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1342 aliquid a longinquioribus videtur, tanto minus distincte videtur.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1343 Et ideo bona speranda distinctius cognoverunt qui fuerunt adventui
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1344 Christi vicini.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1345 <p title="II-II q. 1 a. 7 ad 2"><a name="38799"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1346 "ref">[38799] IIª-IIae q. 1 a. 7 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1347 dicendum quod profectus cognitionis dupliciter contingit. Uno modo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1348 ex parte docentis, qui in cognitione proficit, sive unus sive
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1349 plures, per temporum successionem. Et ista est ratio augmenti in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1350 scientiis per rationem humanam inventis. Alio modo, ex parte
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1351 addiscentis, sicut magister qui novit totam artem non statim a
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1352 principio tradit eam discipulo, quia capere non posset, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1353 paulatim, condescendens eius capacitati. Et hac ratione profecerunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1354 homines in cognitione fidei per temporum successionem. Unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1355 apostolus, ad Gal. III, comparat statum veteris testamenti
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1356 pueritiae.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1357 <p title="II-II q. 1 a. 7 ad 3"><a name="38800"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1358 "ref">[38800] IIª-IIae q. 1 a. 7 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1359 dicendum quod ad generationem naturalem duae causae praeexiguntur,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1360 scilicet agens et materia. Secundum igitur ordinem causae agentis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1361 naturaliter prius est quod est perfectius, et sic natura a
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1362 perfectis sumit exordium, quia imperfecta non ducuntur ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1363 perfectionem nisi per aliqua perfecta praeexistentia. Secundum vero
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1364 ordinem causae materialis, prius est quod est imperfectius, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1365 secundum hoc natura procedit ab imperfecto ad perfectum. In
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1366 manifestatione autem fidei Deus est sicut agens, qui habet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1367 perfectam scientiam ab aeterno, homo autem est sicut materia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1368 recipiens influxum Dei agentis. Et ideo oportuit quod ab
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1369 imperfectis ad perfectum procederet cognitio fidei in hominibus. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1370 licet in hominibus quidam se habuerint per modum causae agentis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1371 quia fuerunt fidei doctores; tamen <i>manifestatio spiritus datur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1372 talibus ad utilitatem communem</i>, ut dicitur I ad Cor. XII. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1373 ideo tantum dabatur patribus qui erant instructores fidei de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1374 cognitione fidei, quantum oportebat pro tempore illo populo tradi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1375 vel nude vel in figura.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1376 <p title="II-II q. 1 a. 7 ad 4"><a name="38801"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1377 "ref">[38801] IIª-IIae q. 1 a. 7 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1378 dicendum quod ultima consummatio gratiae facta est per Christum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1379 unde et tempus eius dicitur tempus plenitudinis, ad Gal. IV. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1380 ideo illi qui fuerunt propinquiores Christo vel ante, sicut Ioannes
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1381 Baptista, vel post, sicut apostoli, plenius mysteria fidei
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1382 cognoverunt. Quia et circa statum hominis hoc videmus, quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1383 perfectio est in iuventute, et tanto habet homo perfectiorem statum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1384 vel ante vel post, quanto est iuventuti propinquior.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1385 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1386 <div class="E">Articulus 8</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1387 <p title="II-II q. 1 a. 8 arg. 1"><a name="38802"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1388 "ref">[38802] IIª-IIae q. 1 a. 8 arg. 1</span></a> Ad octavum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1389 sic proceditur. Videtur quod inconvenienter articuli fidei
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1390 enumerentur. Ea enim quae possunt ratione demonstrativa sciri non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1391 pertinent ad fidem ut apud omnes sint credibilia, sicut supra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1392 dictum est. Sed Deum esse unum potest esse scitum per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1393 demonstrationem, unde et philosophus hoc in XII Metaphys. probat,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1394 et multi alii philosophi ad hoc demonstrationes induxerunt. Ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1395 Deum esse unum non debet poni unus articulus fidei.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1396 <p title="II-II q. 1 a. 8 arg. 2"><a name="38803"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1397 "ref">[38803] IIª-IIae q. 1 a. 8 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1398 sicut de necessitate fidei est quod credamus Deum omnipotentem, ita
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1399 etiam quod credamus eum omnia scientem et omnibus providentem; et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1400 circa utrumque eorum aliqui erraverunt. Debuit ergo inter articulos
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1401 fidei fieri mentio de sapientia et providentia divina, sicut et de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1402 omnipotentia.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1403 <p title="II-II q. 1 a. 8 arg. 3"><a name="38804"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1404 "ref">[38804] IIª-IIae q. 1 a. 8 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1405 eadem est notitia patris et filii, secundum illud Ioan. XIV, <i>qui
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1406 videt me videt et patrem</i>. Ergo unus tantum articulus debet esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1407 de patre et filio; et, eadem ratione, de spiritu sancto.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1408 <p title="II-II q. 1 a. 8 arg. 4"><a name="38805"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1409 "ref">[38805] IIª-IIae q. 1 a. 8 arg. 4</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1410 persona patris non est minor quam filii et spiritus sancti. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1411 plures articuli ponuntur circa personam spiritus sancti, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1412 similiter circa personam filii. Ergo plures articuli debent poni
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1413 circa personam patris.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1414 <p title="II-II q. 1 a. 8 arg. 5"><a name="38806"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1415 "ref">[38806] IIª-IIae q. 1 a. 8 arg. 5</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1416 sicuti personae patris et personae spiritus sancti aliquid
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1417 appropriatur, ita et personae filii secundum divinitatem. Sed in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1418 articulis ponitur aliquod opus appropriatum patri, scilicet opus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1419 creationis; et similiter aliquod opus appropriatum spiritui sancto,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1420 scilicet quod locutus est per prophetas. Ergo etiam inter articulos
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1421 fidei debet aliquod opus appropriari filio secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1422 divinitatem.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1423 <p title="II-II q. 1 a. 8 arg. 6"><a name="38807"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1424 "ref">[38807] IIª-IIae q. 1 a. 8 arg. 6</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1425 sacramentum Eucharistiae specialem habet difficultatem prae multis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1426 articulis. Ergo de ea debuit poni specialis articulus. Non videtur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1427 ergo quod articuli sufficienter enumerentur.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1428 <p title="II-II q. 1 a. 8 s. c."><a name="38808"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1429 "ref">[38808] IIª-IIae q. 1 a. 8 s. c.</span></a> Sed in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1430 contrarium est auctoritas Ecclesiae sic enumerantis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1431 <p title="II-II q. 1 a. 8 co."><a name="38809"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1432 "ref">[38809] IIª-IIae q. 1 a. 8 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1433 dicendum quod, sicut dictum est, illa per se pertinent ad fidem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1434 quorum visione in vita aeterna perfruemur, et per quae ducemur in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1435 vitam aeternam. Duo autem nobis ibi videnda proponuntur, scilicet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1436 occultum divinitatis, cuius visio nos beatos facit; et mysterium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1437 humanitatis Christi, per quem <i>in gloriam filiorum Dei accessum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1438 habemus</i>, ut dicitur ad Rom. V. Unde dicitur Ioan. XVII, <i>haec
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1439 est vita aeterna, ut cognoscant te, Deum verum, et quem misisti
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1440 Iesum Christum</i>. Et ideo prima distinctio credibilium est quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1441 quaedam pertinent ad maiestatem divinitatis; quaedam vero pertinent
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1442 ad mysterium humanitatis Christi, quod est pietatis sacramentum, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1443 dicitur I ad Tim. III. Circa maiestatem autem divinitatis tria
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1444 nobis credenda proponuntur. Primo quidem, unitas divinitatis, et ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1445 hoc pertinet primus articulus. Secundo, Trinitas personarum, et de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1446 hoc sunt tres articuli secundum tres personas. Tertio vero
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1447 proponuntur nobis opera divinitatis propria. Quorum primum pertinet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1448 ad esse naturae, et sic proponitur nobis articulus creationis.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1449 Secundum vero pertinet ad esse gratiae, et sic proponuntur nobis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1450 sub uno articulo omnia pertinentia ad sanctificationem humanam.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1451 Tertium vero pertinet ad esse gloriae, et sic ponitur alius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1452 articulus de resurrectione carnis et de vita aeterna. Et ita sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1453 septem articuli ad divinitatem pertinentes. Similiter etiam circa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1454 humanitatem Christi ponuntur septem articuli. Quorum primus est de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1455 incarnatione sive de conceptione Christi; secundus de nativitate
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1456 eius ex virgine; tertius de passione eius et morte et sepultura;
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1457 quartus est de descensu ad Inferos; quintus est de resurrectione;
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1458 sextus de ascensione; septimus de adventu ad iudicium. Et sic in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1459 universo sunt quatuordecim. Quidam tamen distinguunt duodecim
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1460 articulos fidei, sex pertinentes ad divinitatem et sex pertinentes
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1461 ad humanitatem. Tres enim articulos trium personarum comprehendunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1462 sub uno, quia eadem est cognitio trium personarum. Articulum vero
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1463 de opere glorificationis distinguunt in duos, scilicet in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1464 resurrectionem carnis et gloriam animae. Similiter articulum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1465 conceptionis et nativitatis coniungunt in unum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1466 <p title="II-II q. 1 a. 8 ad 1"><a name="38810"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1467 "ref">[38810] IIª-IIae q. 1 a. 8 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1468 ergo dicendum quod multa per fidem tenemus de Deo quae naturali
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1469 ratione investigare philosophi non potuerunt, puta circa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1470 providentiam eius et omnipotentiam, et quod ipse solus sit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1471 colendus. Quae omnia continentur sub articulo unitatis Dei.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1472 <p title="II-II q. 1 a. 8 ad 2"><a name="38811"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1473 "ref">[38811] IIª-IIae q. 1 a. 8 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1474 dicendum quod ipsum nomen divinitatis importat provisionem quandam,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1475 ut in primo libro dictum est. Potentia autem in habentibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1476 intellectum non operatur nisi secundum voluntatem et cognitionem.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1477 Et ideo omnipotentia Dei includit quodammodo omnium scientiam et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1478 providentiam, non enim posset omnia quae vellet in istis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1479 inferioribus agere nisi ea cognosceret et eorum providentiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1480 haberet.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1481 <p title="II-II q. 1 a. 8 ad 3"><a name="38812"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1482 "ref">[38812] IIª-IIae q. 1 a. 8 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1483 dicendum quod patris et filii et spiritus sancti est una cognitio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1484 quantum ad unitatem essentiae, quae pertinet ad primum articulum.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1485 Quantum vero ad distinctionem personarum, quae est per relationes
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1486 originis, quodammodo in cognitione patris includitur cognitio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1487 filii, non enim esset pater si filium non haberet, quorum nexus est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1488 spiritus sanctus. Et quantum ad hoc bene moti sunt qui posuerunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1489 unum articulum trium personarum. Sed quia circa singulas personas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1490 sunt aliqua attendenda circa quae contingit esse errorem, quantum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1491 ad hoc de tribus personis possunt poni tres articuli. Arius enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1492 credidit patrem omnipotentem et aeternum, sed non credidit filium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1493 coaequalem et consubstantialem patri, et ideo necessarium fuit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1494 apponere articulum de persona filii ad hoc determinandum. Et eadem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1495 ratione contra Macedonium necesse fuit ponere articulum tertium de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1496 persona spiritus sancti. Et similiter etiam conceptio Christi et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1497 nativitas, et etiam resurrectio et vita aeterna, secundum unam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1498 rationem possunt comprehendi sub uno articulo, inquantum ad unum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1499 ordinantur, et secundum aliam rationem possunt distingui, inquantum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1500 seorsum habent speciales difficultates.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1501 <p title="II-II q. 1 a. 8 ad 4"><a name="38813"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1502 "ref">[38813] IIª-IIae q. 1 a. 8 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1503 dicendum quod filio et spiritui sancto convenit mitti ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1504 sanctificandam creaturam, circa quod plura credenda occurrunt. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1505 ideo circa personam filii et spiritus sancti plures articuli
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1506 multiplicantur quam circa personam patris, qui nunquam mittitur, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1507 in primo dictum est.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1508 <p title="II-II q. 1 a. 8 ad 5"><a name="38814"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1509 "ref">[38814] IIª-IIae q. 1 a. 8 ad 5</span></a> Ad quintum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1510 dicendum quod sanctificatio creaturae per gratiam et consummatio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1511 per gloriam fit etiam per donum caritatis, quod appropriatur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1512 spiritui sancto, et per donum sapientiae, quod appropriatur filio.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1513 Et ideo utrumque opus pertinet et ad filium et ad spiritum sanctum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1514 per appropriationem secundum rationes diversas.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1515 <p title="II-II q. 1 a. 8 ad 6"><a name="38815"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1516 "ref">[38815] IIª-IIae q. 1 a. 8 ad 6</span></a> Ad sextum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1517 dicendum quod in sacramento Eucharistiae duo possunt considerari.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1518 Unum scilicet quod sacramentum est, et hoc habet eandem rationem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1519 cum aliis effectibus gratiae sanctificantis. Aliud est quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1520 miraculose ibi corpus Christi continetur, et sic concluditur sub
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1521 omnipotentia, sicut et omnia alia miracula, quae omnipotentiae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1522 attribuuntur.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1523 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1524 <div class="E">Articulus 9</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1525 <p title="II-II q. 1 a. 9 arg. 1"><a name="38816"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1526 "ref">[38816] IIª-IIae q. 1 a. 9 arg. 1</span></a> Ad nonum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1527 sic proceditur. Videtur quod inconvenienter articuli fidei in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1528 symbolo ponantur. Sacra enim Scriptura est regula fidei, cui nec
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1529 addere nec subtrahere licet, dicitur enim Deut. IV, <i>non addetis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1530 ad verbum quod vobis loquor, neque auferetis ab eo</i>. Ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1531 illicitum fuit aliquod symbolum constituere quasi regulam fidei,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1532 post sacram Scripturam editam.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1533 <p title="II-II q. 1 a. 9 arg. 2"><a name="38817"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1534 "ref">[38817] IIª-IIae q. 1 a. 9 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1535 sicut apostolus dicit, ad Ephes. IV, <i>una est fides</i>. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1536 symbolum est professio fidei. Ergo inconvenienter traditur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1537 multiplex symbolum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1538 <p title="II-II q. 1 a. 9 arg. 3"><a name="38818"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1539 "ref">[38818] IIª-IIae q. 1 a. 9 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1540 confessio fidei quae in symbolo continetur pertinet ad omnes
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1541 fideles. Sed non omnibus fidelibus convenit credere in Deum, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1542 solum illis qui habent fidem formatam. Ergo inconvenienter symbolum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1543 fidei traditur sub hac forma verborum, <i>credo in unum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1544 Deum</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1545 <p title="II-II q. 1 a. 9 arg. 4"><a name="38819"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1546 "ref">[38819] IIª-IIae q. 1 a. 9 arg. 4</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1547 descensus ad Inferos est unus de articulis fidei, sicut supra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1548 dictum est. Sed in symbolo patrum non fit mentio de descensu ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1549 Inferos. Ergo videtur insufficienter collectum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1550 <p title="II-II q. 1 a. 9 arg. 5"><a name="38820"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1551 "ref">[38820] IIª-IIae q. 1 a. 9 arg. 5</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1552 sicut Augustinus dicit, exponens illud Ioan. XIV, <i>creditis in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1553 Deum, et in me credite</i>, Petro aut Paulo credimus, sed non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1554 dicimur credere nisi in Deum. Cum igitur Ecclesia Catholica sit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1555 pure aliquid creatum, videtur quod inconvenienter dicatur, <i>in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1556 unam sanctam, Catholicam et apostolicam Ecclesiam</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1557 <p title="II-II q. 1 a. 9 arg. 6"><a name="38821"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1558 "ref">[38821] IIª-IIae q. 1 a. 9 arg. 6</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1559 symbolum ad hoc traditur ut sit regula fidei. Sed regula fidei
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1560 debet omnibus proponi et publice. Quodlibet igitur symbolum deberet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1561 in Missa cantari, sicut symbolum patrum. Non videtur ergo esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1562 conveniens editio articulorum fidei in symbolo.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1563 <p title="II-II q. 1 a. 9 s. c."><a name="38822"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1564 "ref">[38822] IIª-IIae q. 1 a. 9 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1565 est quod Ecclesia universalis non potest errare, quia spiritu
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1566 sancto gubernatur, qui est spiritus veritatis, hoc enim promisit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1567 dominus discipulis, Ioan. XVI, dicens, <i>cum venerit ille spiritus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1568 veritatis, docebit vos omnem veritatem</i>. Sed symbolum est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1569 auctoritate universalis Ecclesiae editum. Nihil ergo inconveniens
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1570 in eo continetur.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1571 <p title="II-II q. 1 a. 9 co."><a name="38823"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1572 "ref">[38823] IIª-IIae q. 1 a. 9 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1573 dicendum quod, sicut apostolus dicit, ad Heb. XI, <i>accedentem ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1574 Deum oportet credere</i>. Credere autem non potest aliquis nisi ei
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1575 veritas quam credat proponatur. Et ideo necessarium fuit veritatem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1576 fidei in unum colligi, ut facilius posset omnibus proponi, ne
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1577 aliquis per ignorantiam a fidei veritate deficeret. Et ab huiusmodi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1578 collectione sententiarum fidei nomen symboli est acceptum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1579 <p title="II-II q. 1 a. 9 ad 1"><a name="38824"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1580 "ref">[38824] IIª-IIae q. 1 a. 9 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1581 ergo dicendum quod veritas fidei in sacra Scriptura diffuse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1582 continetur et variis modis, et in quibusdam obscure; ita quod ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1583 eliciendum fidei veritatem ex sacra Scriptura requiritur longum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1584 studium et exercitium, ad quod non possunt pervenire omnes illi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1585 quibus necessarium est cognoscere fidei veritatem, quorum plerique,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1586 aliis negotiis occupati, studio vacare non possunt. Et ideo fuit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1587 necessarium ut ex sententiis sacrae Scripturae aliquid manifestum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1588 summarie colligeretur quod proponeretur omnibus ad credendum. Quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1589 quidem non est additum sacrae Scripturae, sed potius ex sacra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1590 Scriptura assumptum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1591 <p title="II-II q. 1 a. 9 ad 2"><a name="38825"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1592 "ref">[38825] IIª-IIae q. 1 a. 9 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1593 dicendum quod in omnibus symbolis eadem fidei veritas docetur. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1594 ibi oportet populum diligentius instrui de fidei veritate ubi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1595 errores insurgunt, ne fides simplicium per haereticos corrumpatur.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1596 Et haec fuit causa quare necesse fuit edere plura symbola. Quae in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1597 nullo alio differunt nisi quod in uno plenius explicantur quae in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1598 alio continentur implicite, secundum quod exigebat haereticorum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1599 instantia.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1600 <p title="II-II q. 1 a. 9 ad 3"><a name="38826"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1601 "ref">[38826] IIª-IIae q. 1 a. 9 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1602 dicendum quod confessio fidei traditur in symbolo quasi ex persona
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1603 totius Ecclesiae, quae per fidem unitur. Fides autem Ecclesiae est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1604 fides formata, talis enim fides invenitur in omnibus illis qui sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1605 numero et merito de Ecclesia. Et ideo confessio fidei in symbolo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1606 traditur secundum quod convenit fidei formatae, ut etiam si qui
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1607 fideles fidem formatam non habent, ad hanc formam pertingere
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1608 studeant.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1609 <p title="II-II q. 1 a. 9 ad 4"><a name="38827"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1610 "ref">[38827] IIª-IIae q. 1 a. 9 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1611 dicendum quod de descensu ad Inferos nullus error erat exortus apud
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1612 haereticos, et ideo non fuit necessarium aliquam explicationem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1613 circa hoc fieri. Et propter hoc non reiteratur in symbolo patrum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1614 sed supponitur tanquam praedeterminatum in symbolo apostolorum. Non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1615 enim symbolum sequens abolet praecedens, sed potius illud exponit,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1616 ut dictum est.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1617 <p title="II-II q. 1 a. 9 ad 5"><a name="38828"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1618 "ref">[38828] IIª-IIae q. 1 a. 9 ad 5</span></a> Ad quintum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1619 dicendum quod, si dicatur in sanctam Ecclesiam Catholicam, est hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1620 intelligendum secundum quod fides nostra refertur ad spiritum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1621 sanctum, qui sanctificat Ecclesiam, ut sit sensus, credo in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1622 spiritum sanctum sanctificantem Ecclesiam. Sed melius est et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1623 secundum communiorem usum, ut non ponatur ibi in, sed simpliciter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1624 dicatur sanctam Ecclesiam Catholicam, sicut etiam Leo Papa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1625 dicit.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1626 <p title="II-II q. 1 a. 9 ad 6"><a name="38829"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1627 "ref">[38829] IIª-IIae q. 1 a. 9 ad 6</span></a> Ad sextum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1628 dicendum quod, quia symbolum patrum est declarativum symboli
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1629 apostolorum, et etiam fuit conditum fide iam manifestata et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1630 Ecclesia pacem habente, propter hoc publice in Missa cantatur.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1631 Symbolum autem apostolorum, quod tempore persecutionis editum fuit,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1632 fide nondum publicata, occulte dicitur in prima et in completorio,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1633 quasi contra tenebras errorum praeteritorum et futurorum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1634 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1635 <div class="E">Articulus 10</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1636 <p title="II-II q. 1 a. 10 arg. 1"><a name="38830"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1637 "ref">[38830] IIª-IIae q. 1 a. 10 arg. 1</span></a> Ad decimum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1638 sic proceditur. Videtur quod non pertineat ad summum pontificem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1639 fidei symbolum ordinare. Nova enim editio symboli necessaria est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1640 propter explicationem articulorum fidei, sicut dictum est. Sed in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1641 veteri testamento articuli fidei magis ac magis explicabantur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1642 secundum temporum successionem propter hoc quod veritas fidei magis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1643 manifestabatur secundum maiorem propinquitatem ad Christum, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1644 supra dictum est. Cessante ergo tali causa in nova lege, non debet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1645 fieri maior ac maior explicatio articulorum fidei. Ergo non videtur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1646 ad auctoritatem summi pontificis pertinere nova symboli editio.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1647 <p title="II-II q. 1 a. 10 arg. 2"><a name="38831"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1648 "ref">[38831] IIª-IIae q. 1 a. 10 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1649 illud quod est sub anathemate interdictum ab universali Ecclesia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1650 non subest potestati alicuius hominis. Sed nova symboli editio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1651 interdicta est sub anathemate auctoritate universalis Ecclesiae.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1652 Dicitur enim in gestis primae Ephesinae synodi quod, <i>perlecto
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1653 symbolo Nicaenae synodi, decrevit sancta synodus aliam fidem nulli
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1654 licere proferre vel conscribere vel componere praeter definitam a
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1655 sanctis patribus qui in Nicaea congregati sunt cum spiritu
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1656 sancto</i>, et subditur anathematis poena; et idem etiam reiteratur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1657 in gestis Chalcedonensis synodi. Ergo videtur quod non pertineat ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1658 auctoritatem summi pontificis nova editio symboli.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1659 <p title="II-II q. 1 a. 10 arg. 3"><a name="38832"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1660 "ref">[38832] IIª-IIae q. 1 a. 10 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1661 Athanasius non fuit summus pontifex, sed Alexandrinus patriarcha.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1662 Et tamen symbolum constituit quod in Ecclesia cantatur. Ergo non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1663 magis videtur pertinere editio symboli ad summum pontificem quam ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1664 alios.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1665 <p title="II-II q. 1 a. 10 s. c."><a name="38833"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1666 "ref">[38833] IIª-IIae q. 1 a. 10 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1667 est quod editio symboli facta est in synodo generali. Sed huiusmodi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1668 synodus auctoritate solius summi pontificis potest congregari, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1669 habetur in decretis, dist. XVII. Ergo editio symboli ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1670 auctoritatem summi pontificis pertinet.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1671 <p title="II-II q. 1 a. 10 co."><a name="38834"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1672 "ref">[38834] IIª-IIae q. 1 a. 10 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1673 dicendum quod, sicut supra dictum est, nova editio symboli
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1674 necessaria est ad vitandum insurgentes errores. Ad illius ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1675 auctoritatem pertinet editio symboli ad cuius auctoritatem pertinet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1676 sententialiter determinare ea quae sunt fidei, ut ab omnibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1677 inconcussa fide teneantur. Hoc autem pertinet ad auctoritatem summi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1678 pontificis, <i>ad quem maiores et difficiliores Ecclesiae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1679 quaestiones referuntur</i> ut dicitur in decretis, dist. XVII. Unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1680 et dominus, Luc. XXII, Petro dixit, quem summum pontificem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1681 constituit, <i>ego pro te rogavi, Petre, ut non deficiat fides tua,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1682 et tu aliquando conversus confirma fratres tuos</i>. Et huius ratio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1683 est quia una fides debet esse totius Ecclesiae, secundum illud I ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1684 Cor. I, <i>idipsum dicatis omnes, et non sint in vobis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1685 schismata</i>. Quod servari non posset nisi quaestio fidei de fide
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1686 exorta determinaretur per eum qui toti Ecclesiae praeest, ut sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1687 eius sententia a tota Ecclesia firmiter teneatur. Et ideo ad solam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1688 auctoritatem summi pontificis pertinet nova editio symboli, sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1689 et omnia alia quae pertinent ad totam Ecclesiam, ut congregare
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1690 synodum generalem et alia huiusmodi.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1691 <p title="II-II q. 1 a. 10 ad 1"><a name="38835"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1692 "ref">[38835] IIª-IIae q. 1 a. 10 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1693 ergo dicendum quod in doctrina Christi et apostolorum veritas fidei
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1694 est sufficienter explicata. Sed quia perversi homines apostolicam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1695 doctrinam et ceteras Scripturas <i>pervertunt ad sui ipsorum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1696 perditionem</i>, sicut dicitur II Pet. ult.; ideo necessaria est,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1697 temporibus procedentibus, explanatio fidei contra insurgentes
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1698 errores.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1699 <p title="II-II q. 1 a. 10 ad 2"><a name="38836"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1700 "ref">[38836] IIª-IIae q. 1 a. 10 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1701 dicendum quod prohibitio et sententia synodi se extendit ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1702 privatas personas, quarum non est determinare de fide. Non enim per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1703 huiusmodi sententiam synodi generalis ablata est potestas sequenti
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1704 synodo novam editionem symboli facere, non quidem aliam fidem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1705 continentem, sed eandem magis expositam. Sic enim quaelibet synodus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1706 observavit, ut sequens synodus aliquid exponeret supra id quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1707 praecedens synodus exposuerat, propter necessitatem alicuius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1708 haeresis insurgentis. Unde pertinet ad summum pontificem, cuius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1709 auctoritate synodus congregatur et eius sententia confirmatur.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1710 <p title="II-II q. 1 a. 10 ad 3"><a name="38837"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1711 "ref">[38837] IIª-IIae q. 1 a. 10 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1712 dicendum quod Athanasius non composuit manifestationem fidei per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1713 modum symboli, sed magis per modum cuiusdam doctrinae, ut ex ipso
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1714 modo loquendi apparet. Sed quia integram fidei veritatem eius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1715 doctrina breviter continebat, auctoritate summi pontificis est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1716 recepta, ut quasi regula fidei habeatur.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1717 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1718 <div class="D">Quaestio 2</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1719 <div class="G">Prooemium</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1720 <p title="II-II q. 2 pr."><a name="38838"><span class="ref">[38838]
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1721 IIª-IIae q. 2 pr.</span></a> Deinde considerandum est de actu
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1722 fidei. Et primo, de actu interiori; secundo, de actu exteriori.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1723 Circa primum quaeruntur decem. Primo, quid sit credere, quod est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1724 actus interior fidei. Secundo, quot modis dicatur. Tertio, utrum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1725 credere aliquid supra rationem naturalem sit necessarium ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1726 salutem. Quarto, utrum credere ea ad quae ratio naturalis pervenire
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1727 potest sit necessarium. Quinto, utrum sit necessarium ad salutem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1728 credere aliqua explicite. Sexto, utrum ad credendum explicite omnes
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1729 aequaliter teneantur. Septimo, utrum habere explicitam fidem de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1730 Christo semper sit necessarium ad salutem. Octavo, utrum credere
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1731 Trinitatem explicite sit de necessitate salutis. Nono, utrum actus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1732 fidei sit meritorius. Decimo, utrum ratio humana diminuat meritum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1733 fidei.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1734 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1735 <div class="E">Articulus 1</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1736 <p title="II-II q. 2 a. 1 arg. 1"><a name="38839"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1737 "ref">[38839] IIª-IIae q. 2 a. 1 arg. 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1738 sic proceditur. Videtur quod credere non sit cum assensione
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1739 cogitare. Cogitatio enim importat quandam inquisitionem, dicitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1740 enim cogitare quasi simul agitare. Sed Damascenus dicit, in IV
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1741 Lib., quod <i>fides est non inquisitus consensus</i>. Ergo cogitare
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1742 non pertinet ad actum fidei.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1743 <p title="II-II q. 2 a. 1 arg. 2"><a name="38840"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1744 "ref">[38840] IIª-IIae q. 2 a. 1 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1745 fides in ratione ponitur, ut infra dicetur. Sed cogitare est actus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1746 cogitativae potentiae, quae pertinet ad partem sensitivam, ut in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1747 primo dictum est. Ergo cogitatio ad fidem non pertinet.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1748 <p title="II-II q. 2 a. 1 arg. 3"><a name="38841"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1749 "ref">[38841] IIª-IIae q. 2 a. 1 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1750 credere est actus intellectus, quia eius obiectum est verum. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1751 assentire non videtur esse actus intellectus, sed voluntatis, sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1752 et consentire, ut supra dictum est. Ergo credere non est cum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1753 assensione cogitare.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1754 <p title="II-II q. 2 a. 1 s. c."><a name="38842"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1755 "ref">[38842] IIª-IIae q. 2 a. 1 s. c.</span></a> In
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1756 contrarium est quod Augustinus sic definit credere in libro de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1757 Praed. Sanct.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1758 <p title="II-II q. 2 a. 1 co."><a name="38843"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1759 "ref">[38843] IIª-IIae q. 2 a. 1 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1760 dicendum quod cogitare tripliciter sumi potest. Uno modo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1761 communiter pro qualibet actuali consideratione intellectus, sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1762 Augustinus dicit, in XIV de Trin., <i>hanc nunc dico intelligentiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1763 qua intelligimus cogitantes</i>. Alio modo dicitur cogitare magis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1764 proprie consideratio intellectus quae est cum quadam inquisitione,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1765 antequam perveniatur ad perfectionem intellectus per certitudinem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1766 visionis. Et secundum hoc Augustinus, XV de Trin., dicit quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1767 <i>Dei filius non cogitatio dicitur, sed verbum Dei dicitur.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1768 Cogitatio quippe nostra proveniens ad id quod scimus atque inde
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1769 formata verbum nostrum verum est. Et ideo verbum Dei sine
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1770 cogitatione debet intelligi, non aliquid habens formabile, quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1771 possit esse informe</i>. Et secundum hoc cogitatio proprie dicitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1772 motus animi deliberantis nondum perfecti per plenam visionem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1773 veritatis. Sed quia talis motus potest esse vel animi deliberantis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1774 circa intentiones universales, quod pertinet ad intellectivam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1775 partem; vel circa intentiones particulares, quod pertinet ad partem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1776 sensitivam, ideo cogitare secundo modo sumitur pro actu intellectus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1777 deliberantis; tertio modo, pro actu virtutis cogitativae. Si igitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1778 cogitare sumatur communiter, secundum primum modum, sic hoc quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1779 dicitur cum assensione cogitare non dicit totam rationem eius quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1780 est credere, nam per hunc modum etiam qui considerat ea quae scit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1781 vel intelligit cum assensione cogitat. Si vero sumatur cogitare
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1782 secundo modo, sic in hoc intelligitur tota ratio huius actus qui
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1783 est credere. Actuum enim ad intellectum pertinentium quidam habent
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1784 firmam assensionem absque tali cogitatione, sicut cum aliquis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1785 considerat ea quae scit vel intelligit, talis enim consideratio iam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1786 est formata. Quidam vero actus intellectus habent quidem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1787 cogitationem informem absque firma assensione, sive in neutram
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1788 partem declinent, sicut accidit dubitanti; sive in unam partem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1789 magis declinent sed tenentur aliquo levi signo, sicut accidit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1790 suspicanti; sive uni parti adhaereant, tamen cum formidine
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1791 alterius, quod accidit opinanti. Sed actus iste qui est credere
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1792 habet firmam adhaesionem ad unam partem, in quo convenit credens
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1793 cum sciente et intelligente, et tamen eius cognitio non est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1794 perfecta per manifestam visionem, in quo convenit cum dubitante,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1795 suspicante et opinante. Et sic proprium est credentis ut cum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1796 assensu cogitet, et per hoc distinguitur iste actus qui est credere
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1797 ab omnibus actibus intellectus qui sunt circa verum vel falsum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1798 <p title="II-II q. 2 a. 1 ad 1"><a name="38844"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1799 "ref">[38844] IIª-IIae q. 2 a. 1 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1800 ergo dicendum quod fides non habet inquisitionem rationis naturalis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1801 demonstrantis id quod creditur. Habet tamen inquisitionem quandam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1802 eorum per quae inducitur homo ad credendum, puta quia sunt dicta a
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1803 Deo et miraculis confirmata.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1804 <p title="II-II q. 2 a. 1 ad 2"><a name="38845"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1805 "ref">[38845] IIª-IIae q. 2 a. 1 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1806 dicendum quod cogitare non sumitur hic prout est actus cogitativae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1807 virtutis, sed prout pertinet ad intellectum, ut dictum est.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1808 <p title="II-II q. 2 a. 1 ad 3"><a name="38846"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1809 "ref">[38846] IIª-IIae q. 2 a. 1 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1810 dicendum quod intellectus credentis determinatur ad unum non per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1811 rationem, sed per voluntatem. Et ideo assensus hic accipitur pro
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1812 actu intellectus secundum quod a voluntate determinatur ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1813 unum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1814 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1815 <div class="E">Articulus 2</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1816 <p title="II-II q. 2 a. 2 arg. 1"><a name="38847"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1817 "ref">[38847] IIª-IIae q. 2 a. 2 arg. 1</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1818 sic proceditur. Videtur quod inconvenienter distinguatur actus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1819 fidei per hoc quod est <i>credere Deo, credere Deum et credere in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1820 Deum</i>. Unius enim habitus unus est actus. Sed fides est unus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1821 habitus, cum sit una virtus. Ergo inconvenienter ponuntur plures
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1822 actus eius.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1823 <p title="II-II q. 2 a. 2 arg. 2"><a name="38848"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1824 "ref">[38848] IIª-IIae q. 2 a. 2 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1825 illud quod est commune omni actui fidei non debet poni ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1826 particularis actus fidei. Sed credere Deo invenitur communiter in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1827 quolibet actu fidei, quia fides innititur primae veritati. Ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1828 videtur quod inconvenienter distinguatur a quibusdam aliis actibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1829 fidei.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1830 <p title="II-II q. 2 a. 2 arg. 3"><a name="38849"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1831 "ref">[38849] IIª-IIae q. 2 a. 2 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1832 illud quod convenit etiam non fidelibus non potest poni fidei
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1833 actus. Sed credere Deum esse convenit etiam infidelibus. Ergo non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1834 debet poni inter actus fidei.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1835 <p title="II-II q. 2 a. 2 arg. 4"><a name="38850"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1836 "ref">[38850] IIª-IIae q. 2 a. 2 arg. 4</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1837 moveri in finem pertinet ad voluntatem, cuius obiectum est bonum et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1838 finis. Sed credere non est actus voluntatis, sed intellectus. Ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1839 non debet poni differentia una eius quod est credere in Deum, quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1840 importat motum in finem.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1841 <p title="II-II q. 2 a. 2 s. c."><a name="38851"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1842 "ref">[38851] IIª-IIae q. 2 a. 2 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1843 est quod Augustinus hanc distinctionem ponit, in libris de Verb.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1844 Dom., et super Ioan.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1845 <p title="II-II q. 2 a. 2 co."><a name="38852"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1846 "ref">[38852] IIª-IIae q. 2 a. 2 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1847 dicendum quod actus cuiuslibet potentiae vel habitus accipitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1848 secundum ordinem potentiae vel habitus ad suum obiectum. Obiectum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1849 autem fidei potest tripliciter considerari. Cum enim credere ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1850 intellectum pertineat prout est a voluntate motus ad assentiendum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1851 ut dictum est, potest obiectum fidei accipi vel ex parte ipsius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1852 intellectus, vel ex parte voluntatis intellectum moventis. Si
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1853 quidem ex parte intellectus, sic in obiecto fidei duo possunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1854 considerari, sicut supra dictum est. Quorum unum est materiale
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1855 obiectum fidei. Et sic ponitur actus fidei credere Deum, quia,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1856 sicut supra dictum est, nihil proponitur nobis ad credendum nisi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1857 secundum quod ad Deum pertinet. Aliud autem est formalis ratio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1858 obiecti, quod est sicut medium propter quod tali credibili
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1859 assentitur. Et sic ponitur actus fidei credere Deo, quia, sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1860 supra dictum est, formale obiectum fidei est veritas prima, cui
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1861 inhaeret homo ut propter eam creditis assentiat. Si vero
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1862 consideretur tertio modo obiectum fidei, secundum quod intellectus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1863 est motus a voluntate, sic ponitur actus fidei credere in Deum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1864 veritas enim prima ad voluntatem refertur secundum quod habet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1865 rationem finis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1866 <p title="II-II q. 2 a. 2 ad 1"><a name="38853"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1867 "ref">[38853] IIª-IIae q. 2 a. 2 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1868 ergo dicendum quod per ista tria non designantur diversi actus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1869 fidei, sed unus et idem actus habens diversam relationem ad fidei
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1870 obiectum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1871 <p title="II-II q. 2 a. 2 ad 2"><a name="38854"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1872 "ref">[38854] IIª-IIae q. 2 a. 2 ad 2</span></a> Et per hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1873 etiam patet responsio ad secundum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1874 <p title="II-II q. 2 a. 2 ad 3"><a name="38855"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1875 "ref">[38855] IIª-IIae q. 2 a. 2 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1876 dicendum quod credere Deum non convenit infidelibus sub ea ratione
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1877 qua ponitur actus fidei. Non enim credunt Deum esse sub his
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1878 conditionibus quas fides determinat. Et ideo nec vere Deum credunt,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1879 quia, ut philosophus dicit, IX Metaphys., in simplicibus defectus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1880 cognitionis est solum in non attingendo totaliter.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1881 <p title="II-II q. 2 a. 2 ad 4"><a name="38856"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1882 "ref">[38856] IIª-IIae q. 2 a. 2 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1883 dicendum quod, sicut supra dictum est, voluntas movet intellectum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1884 et alias vires animae in finem. Et secundum hoc ponitur actus fidei
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1885 credere in Deum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1886 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1887 <div class="E">Articulus 3</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1888 <p title="II-II q. 2 a. 3 arg. 1"><a name="38857"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1889 "ref">[38857] IIª-IIae q. 2 a. 3 arg. 1</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1890 sic proceditur. Videtur quod credere non sit necessarium ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1891 salutem. Ad salutem enim et perfectionem cuiuslibet rei ea
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1892 sufficere videntur quae conveniunt ei secundum suam naturam. Sed ea
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1893 quae sunt fidei excedunt naturalem hominis rationem, cum sint non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1894 apparentia, ut supra dictum est. Ergo credere non videtur esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1895 necessarium ad salutem.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1896 <p title="II-II q. 2 a. 3 arg. 2"><a name="38858"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1897 "ref">[38858] IIª-IIae q. 2 a. 3 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1898 periculose homo assentit illis in quibus non potest iudicare utrum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1899 illud quod ei proponitur sit verum vel falsum, secundum illud Iob
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1900 XII, <i>nonne auris verba diiudicat?</i> Sed tale iudicium homo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1901 habere non potest in his quae sunt fidei, quia non potest homo ea
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1902 resolvere in principia prima, per quae de omnibus iudicamus. Ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1903 periculosum est talibus fidem adhibere. Credere ergo non est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1904 necessarium ad salutem.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1905 <p title="II-II q. 2 a. 3 arg. 3"><a name="38859"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1906 "ref">[38859] IIª-IIae q. 2 a. 3 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1907 salus hominis in Deo consistit, secundum illud Psalm., <i>salus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1908 autem iustorum a domino. Sed invisibilia Dei per ea quae facta sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1909 intellecta conspiciuntur; sempiterna quoque virtus eius et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1910 divinitas</i>, ut dicitur Rom. I. Quae autem conspiciuntur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1911 intellectu non creduntur. Ergo non est necessarium ad salutem ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1912 homo aliqua credat.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1913 <p title="II-II q. 2 a. 3 s. c."><a name="38860"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1914 "ref">[38860] IIª-IIae q. 2 a. 3 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1915 est quod dicitur Heb. XI, <i>sine fide impossibile est placere
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1916 Deo</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1917 <p title="II-II q. 2 a. 3 co."><a name="38861"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1918 "ref">[38861] IIª-IIae q. 2 a. 3 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1919 dicendum quod in omnibus naturis ordinatis invenitur quod ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1920 perfectionem naturae inferioris duo concurrunt, unum quidem quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1921 est secundum proprium motum; aliud autem quod est secundum motum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1922 superioris naturae. Sicut aqua secundum motum proprium movetur ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1923 centrum, secundum autem motum lunae movetur circa centrum secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1924 fluxum et refluxum, similiter etiam orbes planetarum moventur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1925 propriis motibus ab occidente in orientem, motu autem primi orbis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1926 ab oriente in occidentem. Sola autem natura rationalis creata habet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1927 immediatum ordinem ad Deum. Quia ceterae creaturae non attingunt ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1928 aliquid universale, sed solum ad aliquid particulare, participantes
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1929 divinam bonitatem vel in essendo tantum, sicut inanimata, vel etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1930 in vivendo et cognoscendo singularia, sicut plantae et animalia,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1931 natura autem rationalis, inquantum cognoscit universalem boni et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1932 entis rationem, habet immediatum ordinem ad universale essendi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1933 principium. Perfectio ergo rationalis creaturae non solum consistit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1934 in eo quod ei competit secundum suam naturam, sed etiam in eo quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1935 ei attribuitur ex quadam supernaturali participatione divinae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1936 bonitatis. Unde et supra dictum est quod ultima beatitudo hominis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1937 consistit in quadam supernaturali Dei visione. Ad quam quidem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1938 visionem homo pertingere non potest nisi per modum addiscentis a
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1939 Deo doctore, secundum illud Ioan. VI, <i>omnis qui audit a patre et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1940 didicit venit ad me</i>. Huius autem disciplinae fit homo particeps
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1941 non statim, sed successive, secundum modum suae naturae. Omnis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1942 autem talis addiscens oportet quod credat, ad hoc quod ad perfectam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1943 scientiam perveniat, sicut etiam philosophus dicit quod oportet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1944 addiscentem credere. Unde ad hoc quod homo perveniat ad perfectam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1945 visionem beatitudinis praeexigitur quod credat Deo tanquam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1946 discipulus magistro docenti.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1947 <p title="II-II q. 2 a. 3 ad 1"><a name="38862"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1948 "ref">[38862] IIª-IIae q. 2 a. 3 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1949 ergo dicendum quod, quia natura hominis dependet a superiori
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1950 natura, ad eius perfectionem non sufficit cognitio naturalis, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1951 requiritur quaedam supernaturalis, ut supra dictum est.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1952 <p title="II-II q. 2 a. 3 ad 2"><a name="38863"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1953 "ref">[38863] IIª-IIae q. 2 a. 3 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1954 dicendum quod, sicut homo per naturale lumen intellectus assentit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1955 principiis, ita homo virtuosus per habitum virtutis habet rectum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1956 iudicium de his quae conveniunt virtuti illi. Et hoc modo etiam per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1957 lumen fidei divinitus infusum homini homo assentit his quae sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1958 fidei, non autem contrariis. Et ideo <i>nihil periculi vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1959 damnationis inest his qui sunt in Christo Iesu</i>, ab ipso
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1960 illuminati per fidem.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1961 <p title="II-II q. 2 a. 3 ad 3"><a name="38864"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1962 "ref">[38864] IIª-IIae q. 2 a. 3 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1963 dicendum quod invisibilia Dei altiori modo, quantum ad plura,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1964 percipit fides quam ratio naturalis ex creaturis in Deum procedens.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1965 Unde dicitur Eccli. III, <i>plurima super sensum hominis ostensa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1966 sunt tibi</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1967 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1968 <div class="E">Articulus 4</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1969 <p title="II-II q. 2 a. 4 arg. 1"><a name="38865"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1970 "ref">[38865] IIª-IIae q. 2 a. 4 arg. 1</span></a> Ad quartum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1971 sic proceditur. Videtur quod ea quae ratione naturali probari
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1972 possunt non sit necessarium credere. In operibus enim Dei nihil
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1973 superfluum invenitur, multo minus quam in operibus naturae. Sed ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1974 id quod per unum potest fieri superflue apponitur aliud. Ergo ea
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1975 quae per naturalem rationem cognosci possunt superfluum esset per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1976 fidem accipere.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1977 <p title="II-II q. 2 a. 4 arg. 2"><a name="38866"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1978 "ref">[38866] IIª-IIae q. 2 a. 4 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1979 ea necesse est credere de quibus est fides. Sed non est de eodem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1980 scientia et fides, ut supra habitum est. Cum igitur scientia sit de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1981 omnibus illis quae naturali ratione cognosci possunt, videtur quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1982 non oporteat credere ea quae per naturalem rationem probantur.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1983 <p title="II-II q. 2 a. 4 arg. 3"><a name="38867"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1984 "ref">[38867] IIª-IIae q. 2 a. 4 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1985 omnia scibilia videntur esse unius rationis. Si igitur quaedam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1986 eorum proponuntur homini ut credenda, pari ratione omnia huiusmodi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1987 necesse esset credere. Hoc autem est falsum. Non ergo ea quae per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1988 naturalem rationem cognosci possunt necesse est credere.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1989 <p title="II-II q. 2 a. 4 s. c."><a name="38868"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1990 "ref">[38868] IIª-IIae q. 2 a. 4 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1991 est quia necesse est Deum credere esse unum et incorporeum, quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1992 naturali ratione a philosophis probantur.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1993 <p title="II-II q. 2 a. 4 co."><a name="38869"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1994 "ref">[38869] IIª-IIae q. 2 a. 4 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1995 dicendum quod necessarium est homini accipere per modum fidei non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1996 solum ea quae sunt supra rationem, sed etiam ea quae per rationem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1997 cognosci possunt. Et hoc propter tria. Primo quidem, ut citius homo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1998 ad veritatis divinae cognitionem perveniat. Scientia enim ad quam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1999 pertinet probare Deum esse et alia huiusmodi de Deo, ultimo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2000 hominibus addiscenda proponitur, praesuppositis multis aliis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2001 scientiis. Et sic non nisi post multum tempus vitae suae homo ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2002 Dei cognitionem perveniret. Secundo, ut cognitio Dei sit communior.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2003 Multi enim in studio scientiae proficere non possunt, vel propter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2004 hebetudinem ingenii; vel propter alias occupationes et necessitates
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2005 temporalis vitae; vel etiam propter torporem addiscendi. Qui omnino
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2006 a Dei cognitione fraudarentur nisi proponerentur eis divina per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2007 modum fidei. Tertio modo, propter certitudinem. Ratio enim humana
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2008 in rebus divinis est multum deficiens, cuius signum est quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2009 philosophi, de rebus humanis naturali investigatione perscrutantes,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2010 in multis erraverunt et sibi ipsis contraria senserunt. Ut ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2011 esset indubitata et certa cognitio apud homines de Deo, oportuit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2012 quod divina eis per modum fidei traderentur, quasi a Deo dicta, qui
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2013 mentiri non potest.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2014 <p title="II-II q. 2 a. 4 ad 1"><a name="38870"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2015 "ref">[38870] IIª-IIae q. 2 a. 4 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2016 ergo dicendum quod investigatio naturalis rationis non sufficit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2017 humano generi ad cognitionem divinorum etiam quae ratione ostendi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2018 possunt. Et ideo non est superfluum ut talia credantur.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2019 <p title="II-II q. 2 a. 4 ad 2"><a name="38871"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2020 "ref">[38871] IIª-IIae q. 2 a. 4 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2021 dicendum quod de eodem non potest esse scientia et fides apud
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2022 eundem. Sed id quod est ab uno scitum potest esse ab alio creditum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2023 ut supra dictum est.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2024 <p title="II-II q. 2 a. 4 ad 3"><a name="38872"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2025 "ref">[38872] IIª-IIae q. 2 a. 4 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2026 dicendum quod, si omnia scibilia conveniant in ratione scientiae,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2027 non tamen conveniunt in hoc quod aequaliter ordinent ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2028 beatitudinem. Et ideo non aequaliter omnia proponuntur ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2029 credenda.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2030 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2031 <div class="E">Articulus 5</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2032 <p title="II-II q. 2 a. 5 arg. 1"><a name="38873"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2033 "ref">[38873] IIª-IIae q. 2 a. 5 arg. 1</span></a> Ad quintum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2034 sic proceditur. Videtur quod non teneatur homo ad credendum aliquid
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2035 explicite. Nullus enim tenetur ad id quod non est in eius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2036 potestate. Sed credere aliquid explicite non est in hominis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2037 potestate, dicitur enim Rom. X, <i>quomodo credent ei quem non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2038 audierunt? Quomodo audient sine praedicante? Quomodo autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2039 praedicabunt nisi mittantur?</i> Ergo credere aliquid explicite
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2040 homo non tenetur.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2041 <p title="II-II q. 2 a. 5 arg. 2"><a name="38874"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2042 "ref">[38874] IIª-IIae q. 2 a. 5 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2043 sicut per fidem ordinamur in Deum, ita et per caritatem. Sed ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2044 servandum praecepta caritatis homo non tenetur, sed sufficit sola
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2045 praeparatio animi, sicut patet in illo praecepto domini quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2046 ponitur Matth. V, <i>si quis percusserit te in una maxilla, praebe
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2047 ei et aliam</i>, et in aliis consimilibus, ut Augustinus exponit,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2048 in libro de Serm. Dom. in monte. Ergo etiam non tenetur homo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2049 explicite aliquid credere, sed sufficit quod habeat animum paratum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2050 ad credendum ea quae a Deo proponuntur.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2051 <p title="II-II q. 2 a. 5 arg. 3"><a name="38875"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2052 "ref">[38875] IIª-IIae q. 2 a. 5 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2053 bonum fidei in quadam obedientia consistit, secundum illud Rom. I,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2054 <i>ad obediendum fidei in omnibus gentibus</i>. Sed ad virtutem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2055 obedientiae non requiritur quod homo aliqua determinata praecepta
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2056 observet, sed sufficit quod habeat promptum animum ad obediendum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2057 secundum illud Psalm., <i>paratus sum, et non sum turbatus, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2058 custodiam mandata tua</i>. Ergo videtur quod etiam ad fidem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2059 sufficiat quod homo habeat promptum animum ad credendum ea quae ei
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2060 divinitus proponi possent, absque hoc quod explicite aliquid
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2061 credat.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2062 <p title="II-II q. 2 a. 5 s. c."><a name="38876"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2063 "ref">[38876] IIª-IIae q. 2 a. 5 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2064 est quod dicitur ad Heb. XI, <i>accedentem ad Deum oportet credere
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2065 quia est, et quod inquirentibus se remunerator est</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2066 <p title="II-II q. 2 a. 5 co."><a name="38877"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2067 "ref">[38877] IIª-IIae q. 2 a. 5 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2068 dicendum quod praecepta legis quae homo tenetur implere dantur de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2069 actibus virtutum qui sunt via perveniendi ad salutem. Actus autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2070 virtutis, sicut supra dictum est, sumitur secundum habitudinem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2071 habitus ad obiectum. Sed in obiecto cuiuslibet virtutis duo possunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2072 considerari, scilicet id quod est proprie et per se virtutis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2073 obiectum, quod necessarium est in omni actu virtutis; et iterum id
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2074 quod per accidens sive consequenter se habet ad propriam rationem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2075 obiecti. Sicut ad obiectum fortitudinis proprie et per se pertinet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2076 sustinere pericula mortis et aggredi hostes cum periculo propter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2077 bonum commune, sed quod homo armetur vel ense percutiat in bello
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2078 iusto, aut aliquid huiusmodi faciat, reducitur quidem ad obiectum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2079 fortitudinis, sed per accidens. Determinatio igitur virtuosi actus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2080 ad proprium et per se obiectum virtutis est sub necessitate
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2081 praecepti, sicut et ipse virtutis actus. Sed determinatio actus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2082 virtuosi ad ea quae accidentaliter vel secundario se habent ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2083 proprium et per se virtutis obiectum non cadit sub necessitate
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2084 praecepti nisi pro loco et tempore. Dicendum est ergo quod fidei
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2085 obiectum per se est id per quod homo beatus efficitur, ut supra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2086 dictum est. Per accidens autem vel secundario se habent ad obiectum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2087 fidei omnia quae in Scriptura divinitus tradita continentur, sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2088 quod Abraham habuit duos filios, quod David fuit filius Isai, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2089 alia huiusmodi. Quantum ergo ad prima credibilia, quae sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2090 articuli fidei, tenetur homo explicite credere, sicut et tenetur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2091 habere fidem. Quantum autem ad alia credibilia, non tenetur homo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2092 explicite credere, sed solum implicite vel in praeparatione animi,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2093 inquantum paratus est credere quidquid in divina Scriptura
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2094 continetur. Sed tunc solum huiusmodi tenetur explicite credere
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2095 quando hoc ei constiterit in doctrina fidei contineri.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2096 <p title="II-II q. 2 a. 5 ad 1"><a name="38878"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2097 "ref">[38878] IIª-IIae q. 2 a. 5 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2098 ergo dicendum quod, si in potestate hominis esse dicatur aliquid
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2099 excluso auxilio gratiae, sic ad multa tenetur homo ad quae non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2100 potest sine gratia reparante, sicut ad diligendum Deum et proximum;
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2101 et similiter ad credendum articulos fidei. Sed tamen hoc potest
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2102 homo cum auxilio gratiae. Quod quidem auxilium quibuscumque
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2103 divinitus datur, misericorditer datur; quibus autem non datur, ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2104 iustitia non datur, in poenam praecedentis peccati, saltem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2105 originalis peccati; ut Augustinus dicit, in libro de Cor. et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2106 gratia.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2107 <p title="II-II q. 2 a. 5 ad 2"><a name="38879"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2108 "ref">[38879] IIª-IIae q. 2 a. 5 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2109 dicendum quod homo tenetur ad determinate diligendum illa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2110 diligibilia quae sunt proprie et per se caritatis obiecta, scilicet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2111 Deus et proximus. Sed obiectio procedit de illis praeceptis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2112 caritatis quae quasi consequenter pertinent ad obiectum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2113 caritatis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2114 <p title="II-II q. 2 a. 5 ad 3"><a name="38880"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2115 "ref">[38880] IIª-IIae q. 2 a. 5 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2116 dicendum quod virtus obedientiae proprie in voluntate consistit. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2117 ideo ad actum obedientiae sufficit promptitudo voluntatis subiecta
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2118 praecipienti, quae est proprium et per se obiectum obedientiae. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2119 hoc praeceptum vel illud per accidens vel consequenter se habet ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2120 proprium et per se obiectum obedientiae.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2121 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2122 <div class="E">Articulus 6</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2123 <p title="II-II q. 2 a. 6 arg. 1"><a name="38881"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2124 "ref">[38881] IIª-IIae q. 2 a. 6 arg. 1</span></a> Ad sextum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2125 sic proceditur. Videtur quod aequaliter omnes teneantur ad habendum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2126 fidem explicitam. Ad ea enim quae sunt de necessitate salutis omnes
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2127 tenentur, sicut patet de praeceptis caritatis. Sed explicatio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2128 credendorum est de necessitate salutis, ut dictum est. Ergo omnes
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2129 aequaliter tenentur ad explicite credendum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2130 <p title="II-II q. 2 a. 6 arg. 2"><a name="38882"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2131 "ref">[38882] IIª-IIae q. 2 a. 6 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2132 nullus debet examinari de eo quod explicite credere non tenetur.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2133 Sed quandoque etiam simplices examinantur de minimis articulis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2134 fidei. Ergo omnes tenentur explicite omnia credere.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2135 <p title="II-II q. 2 a. 6 arg. 3"><a name="38883"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2136 "ref">[38883] IIª-IIae q. 2 a. 6 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2137 si minores non tenentur habere fidem explicitam, sed solum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2138 implicitam, oportet quod habeant fidem implicitam in fide maiorum.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2139 Sed hoc videtur esse periculosum, quia posset contingere quod illi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2140 maiores errarent. Ergo videtur quod minores etiam debeant habere
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2141 fidem explicitam. Sic ergo omnes aequaliter tenentur ad explicite
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2142 credendum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2143 <p title="II-II q. 2 a. 6 s. c."><a name="38884"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2144 "ref">[38884] IIª-IIae q. 2 a. 6 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2145 est quod dicitur Iob I, quod <i>boves arabant et asinae pascebantur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2146 iuxta eos</i>, quia videlicet minores, qui significantur per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2147 asinos, debent in credendis adhaerere maioribus, qui per boves
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2148 significantur; ut Gregorius exponit, in II Moral.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2149 <p title="II-II q. 2 a. 6 co."><a name="38885"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2150 "ref">[38885] IIª-IIae q. 2 a. 6 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2151 dicendum quod explicatio credendorum fit per revelationem divinam,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2152 credibilia enim naturalem rationem excedunt. Revelatio autem divina
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2153 ordine quodam ad inferiores pervenit per superiores, sicut ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2154 homines per Angelos, et ad inferiores Angelos per superiores, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2155 patet per Dionysium, in Cael. Hier. Et ideo, pari ratione,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2156 explicatio fidei oportet quod perveniat ad inferiores homines per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2157 maiores. Et ideo sicut superiores Angeli, qui inferiores
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2158 illuminant, habent pleniorem notitiam de rebus divinis quam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2159 inferiores, ut dicit Dionysius, XII cap. Cael. Hier.; ita etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2160 superiores homines, ad quos pertinet alios erudire, tenentur habere
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2161 pleniorem notitiam de credendis et magis explicite credere.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2162 <p title="II-II q. 2 a. 6 ad 1"><a name="38886"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2163 "ref">[38886] IIª-IIae q. 2 a. 6 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2164 ergo dicendum quod explicatio credendorum non aequaliter quantum ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2165 omnes est de necessitate salutis, quia plura tenentur explicite
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2166 credere maiores, qui habent officium alios instruendi, quam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2167 alii.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2168 <p title="II-II q. 2 a. 6 ad 2"><a name="38887"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2169 "ref">[38887] IIª-IIae q. 2 a. 6 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2170 dicendum quod simplices non sunt examinandi de subtilitatibus fidei
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2171 nisi quando habetur suspicio quod sint ab haereticis depravati, qui
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2172 in his quae ad subtilitatem fidei pertinent solent fidem simplicium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2173 depravare. Si tamen inveniuntur non pertinaciter perversae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2174 doctrinae adhaerere, si in talibus ex simplicitate deficiant, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2175 eis imputatur.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2176 <p title="II-II q. 2 a. 6 ad 3"><a name="38888"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2177 "ref">[38888] IIª-IIae q. 2 a. 6 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2178 dicendum quod minores non habent fidem implicitam in fide maiorum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2179 nisi quatenus maiores adhaerent doctrinae divinae, unde et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2180 apostolus dicit, I ad Cor. IV, <i>imitatores mei estote, sicut et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2181 ego Christi</i>. Unde humana cognitio non fit regula fidei, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2182 veritas divina. A qua si aliqui maiorum deficiant, non praeiudicat
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2183 fidei simplicium, qui eos rectam fidem habere credunt, nisi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2184 pertinaciter eorum erroribus in particulari adhaereant contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2185 universalis Ecclesiae fidem, quae non potest deficere, domino
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2186 dicente, Luc. XXII, <i>ego pro te rogavi, Petre, ut non deficiat
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2187 fides tua</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2188 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2189 <div class="E">Articulus 7</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2190 <p title="II-II q. 2 a. 7 arg. 1"><a name="38889"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2191 "ref">[38889] IIª-IIae q. 2 a. 7 arg. 1</span></a> Ad septimum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2192 sic proceditur. Videtur quod credere explicite mysterium Christi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2193 non sit de necessitate salutis apud omnes. Non enim tenetur homo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2194 explicite credere ea quae Angeli ignorant, quia explicatio fidei
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2195 fit per revelationem divinam, quae pervenit ad homines mediantibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2196 Angelis, ut dictum est. Sed etiam Angeli mysterium incarnationis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2197 ignoraverunt, unde quaerebant in Psalm., <i>quis est iste rex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2198 gloriae?</i> Et Isaiae LXIII, <i>quis est iste qui venit de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2199 Edom?</i> Ut Dionysius exponit, cap. VII Cael. Hier. Ergo ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2200 credendum explicite mysterium incarnationis homines non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2201 tenebantur.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2202 <p title="II-II q. 2 a. 7 arg. 2"><a name="38890"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2203 "ref">[38890] IIª-IIae q. 2 a. 7 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2204 constat beatum Ioannem Baptistam de maioribus fuisse, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2205 propinquissimum Christo, de quo dominus dicit, Matth. XI, quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2206 <i>inter natos mulierum nullus maior eo surrexit</i>. Sed Ioannes
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2207 Baptista non videtur Christi mysterium explicite cognovisse, cum a
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2208 Christo quaesierit, <i>tu es qui venturus es, an alium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2209 expectamus?</i> Ut habetur Matth. XI. Ergo non tenebantur etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2210 maiores ad habendum explicitam fidem de Christo.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2211 <p title="II-II q. 2 a. 7 arg. 3"><a name="38891"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2212 "ref">[38891] IIª-IIae q. 2 a. 7 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2213 multi gentilium salutem adepti sunt per ministerium Angelorum, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2214 Dionysius dicit, IX cap. Cael. Hier. Sed gentiles non habuerunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2215 fidem de Christo nec explicitam nec implicitam, ut videtur, quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2216 nulla eis revelatio facta est. Ergo videtur quod credere explicite
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2217 Christi mysterium non fuerit omnibus necessarium ad salutem.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2218 <p title="II-II q. 2 a. 7 s. c."><a name="38892"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2219 "ref">[38892] IIª-IIae q. 2 a. 7 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2220 est quod Augustinus dicit, in libro de Cor. et gratia, <i>illa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2221 fides sana est qua credimus nullum hominem, sive maioris sive
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2222 parvae aetatis, liberari a contagio mortis et obligatione peccati
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2223 nisi per unum mediatorem Dei et hominum Iesum Christum</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2224 <p title="II-II q. 2 a. 7 co."><a name="38893"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2225 "ref">[38893] IIª-IIae q. 2 a. 7 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2226 dicendum quod, sicut supra dictum est, illud proprie et per se
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2227 pertinet ad obiectum fidei per quod homo beatitudinem consequitur.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2228 Via autem hominibus veniendi ad beatitudinem est mysterium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2229 incarnationis et passionis Christi, dicitur enim Act. IV, <i>non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2230 est aliud nomen datum hominibus in quo oporteat nos salvos
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2231 fieri</i>. Et ideo mysterium incarnationis Christi aliqualiter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2232 oportuit omni tempore esse creditum apud omnes, diversimode tamen
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2233 secundum diversitatem temporum et personarum. Nam ante statum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2234 peccati homo habuit explicitam fidem de Christi incarnatione
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2235 secundum quod ordinabatur ad consummationem gloriae, non autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2236 secundum quod ordinabatur ad liberationem a peccato per passionem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2237 et resurrectionem, quia homo non fuit praescius peccati futuri.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2238 Videtur autem incarnationis Christi praescius fuisse per hoc quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2239 dixit, <i>propter hoc relinquet homo patrem et matrem et adhaerebit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2240 uxori suae</i>, ut habetur Gen. II; et hoc apostolus, ad Ephes. V,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2241 dicit <i>sacramentum magnum esse in Christo et Ecclesia</i>; quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2242 quidem sacramentum non est credibile primum hominem ignorasse. Post
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2243 peccatum autem fuit explicite creditum mysterium Christi non solum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2244 quantum ad incarnationem, sed etiam quantum ad passionem et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2245 resurrectionem, quibus humanum genus a peccato et morte liberatur.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2246 Aliter enim non praefigurassent Christi passionem quibusdam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2247 sacrificiis et ante legem et sub lege. Quorum quidem sacrificiorum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2248 significatum explicite maiores cognoscebant, minores autem sub
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2249 velamine illorum sacrificiorum, credentes ea divinitus esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2250 disposita de Christo venturo, quodammodo habebant velatam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2251 cognitionem. Et sicut supra dictum est, ea quae ad mysteria Christi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2252 pertinent tanto distinctius cognoverunt quanto Christo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2253 propinquiores fuerunt. Post tempus autem gratiae revelatae tam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2254 maiores quam minores tenentur habere fidem explicitam de mysteriis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2255 Christi; praecipue quantum ad ea quae communiter in Ecclesia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2256 sollemnizantur et publice proponuntur, sicut sunt articuli
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2257 incarnationis, de quibus supra dictum est. Alias autem subtiles
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2258 considerationes circa incarnationis articulos tenentur aliqui magis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2259 vel minus explicite credere secundum quod convenit statui et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2260 officio uniuscuiusque.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2261 <p title="II-II q. 2 a. 7 ad 1"><a name="38894"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2262 "ref">[38894] IIª-IIae q. 2 a. 7 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2263 ergo dicendum quod <i>Angelos non omnino latuit mysterium regni
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2264 Dei</i>, sicut Augustinus dicit, V super Gen. ad Litt. Quasdam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2265 tamen rationes huius mysterii perfectius cognoverunt Christo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2266 revelante.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2267 <p title="II-II q. 2 a. 7 ad 2"><a name="38895"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2268 "ref">[38895] IIª-IIae q. 2 a. 7 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2269 dicendum quod Ioannes Baptista non quaesivit de adventu Christi in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2270 carnem quasi hoc ignoraret, cum ipse hoc expresse confessus fuerit,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2271 dicens, <i>ego vidi, et testimonium perhibui quia hic est filius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2272 Dei</i>, ut habetur Ioan. I. Unde non dixit, tu es qui venisti?
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2273 Sed, <i>tu es qui venturus es?</i> Quaerens de futuro, non de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2274 praeterito. Similiter non est credendum quod ignoraverit eum ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2275 passionem venturum, ipse enim dixerat, <i>ecce agnus Dei, qui
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2276 tollit peccata mundi</i>, praenuntians eius immolationem futuram;
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2277 et cum hoc prophetae alii ante praedixerint, sicut praecipue patet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2278 in Isaiae LIII. Potest igitur dici, sicut Gregorius dicit, quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2279 inquisivit ignorans an ad Infernum esset in propria persona
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2280 descensurus. Sciebat autem quod virtus passionis eius extendenda
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2281 erat usque ad eos qui in Limbo detinebantur, secundum illud Zach.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2282 IX, <i>tu quoque in sanguine testamenti tui emisisti vinctos de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2283 lacu in quo non est aqua</i>. Nec hoc tenebatur explicite credere,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2284 antequam esset impletum, quod per seipsum deberet descendere. Vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2285 potest dici, sicut Ambrosius dicit, super Luc., quod non quaesivit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2286 ex dubitatione seu ignorantia, sed magis ex pietate. Vel potest
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2287 dici, sicut Chrysostomus dicit, quod non quaesivit quasi ipse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2288 ignoraret, sed ut per Christum satisfieret eius discipulis. Unde et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2289 Christus ad discipulorum instructionem respondit, signa operum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2290 ostendens.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2291 <p title="II-II q. 2 a. 7 ad 3"><a name="38896"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2292 "ref">[38896] IIª-IIae q. 2 a. 7 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2293 dicendum quod multis gentilium facta fuit revelatio de Christo, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2294 patet per ea quae praedixerunt. Nam Iob XIX dicitur, <i>scio quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2295 redemptor meus vivit</i>. Sibylla etiam praenuntiavit quaedam de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2296 Christo, ut Augustinus dicit. Invenitur etiam in historiis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2297 Romanorum quod tempore Constantini Augusti et Irenae matris eius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2298 inventum fuit quoddam sepulcrum in quo iacebat homo auream laminam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2299 habens in pectore in qua scriptum erat, <i>Christus nascetur ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2300 virgine et credo in eum. O sol, sub Irenae et Constantini
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2301 temporibus iterum me videbis</i>. Si qui tamen salvati fuerunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2302 quibus revelatio non fuit facta, non fuerunt salvati absque fide
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2303 mediatoris. Quia etsi non habuerunt fidem explicitam, habuerunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2304 tamen fidem implicitam in divina providentia, credentes Deum esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2305 liberatorem hominum secundum modos sibi placitos et secundum quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2306 aliquibus veritatem cognoscentibus ipse revelasset, secundum illud
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2307 Iob XXXV, <i>qui docet nos super iumenta terrae</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2308 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2309 <div class="E">Articulus 8</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2310 <p title="II-II q. 2 a. 8 arg. 1"><a name="38897"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2311 "ref">[38897] IIª-IIae q. 2 a. 8 arg. 1</span></a> Ad octavum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2312 sic proceditur. Videtur quod credere Trinitatem explicite non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2313 fuerit de necessitate salutis. Dicit enim apostolus, ad Heb. XI,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2314 <i>credere oportet accedentem ad Deum quia est, et quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2315 inquirentibus se remunerator est</i>. Sed hoc potest credi absque
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2316 fide Trinitatis. Ergo non oportebat explicite fidem de Trinitate
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2317 habere.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2318 <p title="II-II q. 2 a. 8 arg. 2"><a name="38898"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2319 "ref">[38898] IIª-IIae q. 2 a. 8 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2320 dominus dicit, Ioan. XVII, <i>pater, manifestavi nomen tuum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2321 hominibus</i>, quod exponens Augustinus dicit, <i>non illud nomen
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2322 tuum quo vocaris Deus, sed illud quo vocaris pater meus</i>. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2323 postea subdit etiam, <i>in hoc quod Deus fecit hunc mundum, notus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2324 in omnibus gentibus; in hoc quod non est cum diis falsis colendus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2325 notus in Iudaea Deus; in hoc vero quod pater est huius Christi per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2326 quem tollit peccatum mundi, hoc nomen eius, prius occultum, nunc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2327 manifestavit eis</i>. Ergo ante Christi adventum non erat cognitum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2328 quod in deitate esset paternitas et filiatio. Non ergo Trinitas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2329 explicite credebatur.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2330 <p title="II-II q. 2 a. 8 arg. 3"><a name="38899"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2331 "ref">[38899] IIª-IIae q. 2 a. 8 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2332 illud tenemur explicite credere in Deo quod est beatitudinis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2333 obiectum. Sed obiectum beatitudinis est bonitas summa, quae potest
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2334 intelligi in Deo etiam sine personarum distinctione. Ergo non fuit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2335 necessarium credere explicite Trinitatem.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2336 <p title="II-II q. 2 a. 8 s. c."><a name="38900"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2337 "ref">[38900] IIª-IIae q. 2 a. 8 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2338 est quod in veteri testamento multipliciter expressa est Trinitas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2339 personarum, sicut statim in principio Gen. dicitur, ad expressionem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2340 Trinitatis, <i>faciamus hominem ad imaginem et similitudinem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2341 nostram</i>. Ergo a principio de necessitate salutis fuit credere
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2342 Trinitatem.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2343 <p title="II-II q. 2 a. 8 co."><a name="38901"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2344 "ref">[38901] IIª-IIae q. 2 a. 8 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2345 dicendum quod mysterium Christi explicite credi non potest sine
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2346 fide Trinitatis, quia in mysterio Christi hoc continetur quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2347 filius Dei carnem assumpserit, quod per gratiam spiritus sancti
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2348 mundum renovaverit, et iterum quod de spiritu sancto conceptus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2349 fuerit. Et ideo eo modo quo mysterium Christi ante Christum fuit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2350 quidem explicite creditum a maioribus, implicite autem et quasi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2351 obumbrate a minoribus, ita etiam et mysterium Trinitatis. Et ideo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2352 etiam post tempus gratiae divulgatae tenentur omnes ad explicite
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2353 credendum mysterium Trinitatis. Et omnes qui renascuntur in Christo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2354 hoc adipiscuntur per invocationem Trinitatis, secundum illud Matth.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2355 ult., <i>euntes, docete omnes gentes, baptizantes eos in nomine
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2356 patris et filii et spiritus sancti</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2357 <p title="II-II q. 2 a. 8 ad 1"><a name="38902"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2358 "ref">[38902] IIª-IIae q. 2 a. 8 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2359 ergo dicendum quod illa duo explicite credere de Deo omni tempore
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2360 et quoad omnes necessarium fuit. Non tamen est sufficiens omni
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2361 tempore et quoad omnes.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2362 <p title="II-II q. 2 a. 8 ad 2"><a name="38903"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2363 "ref">[38903] IIª-IIae q. 2 a. 8 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2364 dicendum quod ante Christi adventum fides Trinitatis erat occulta
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2365 in fide maiorum. Sed per Christum manifestata est mundo per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2366 apostolos.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2367 <p title="II-II q. 2 a. 8 ad 3"><a name="38904"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2368 "ref">[38904] IIª-IIae q. 2 a. 8 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2369 dicendum quod summa bonitas Dei secundum modum quo nunc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2370 intelligitur per effectus, potest intelligi absque Trinitate
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2371 personarum. Sed secundum quod intelligitur in seipso, prout videtur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2372 a beatis, non potest intelligi sine Trinitate personarum. Et iterum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2373 ipsa missio personarum divinarum perducit nos in beatitudinem.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2374 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2375 <div class="E">Articulus 9</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2376 <p title="II-II q. 2 a. 9 arg. 1"><a name="38905"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2377 "ref">[38905] IIª-IIae q. 2 a. 9 arg. 1</span></a> Ad nonum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2378 sic proceditur. Videtur quod credere non sit meritorium. Principium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2379 enim merendi est caritas, ut supra dictum est. Sed fides est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2380 praeambula ad caritatem, sicut et natura. Ergo, sicut actus naturae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2381 non est meritorius (quia naturalibus non meremur), ita etiam nec
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2382 actus fidei.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2383 <p title="II-II q. 2 a. 9 arg. 2"><a name="38906"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2384 "ref">[38906] IIª-IIae q. 2 a. 9 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2385 credere medium est inter opinari et scire vel considerare scita.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2386 Sed consideratio scientiae non est meritoria; similiter autem nec
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2387 opinio. Ergo etiam neque credere est meritorium.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2388 <p title="II-II q. 2 a. 9 arg. 3"><a name="38907"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2389 "ref">[38907] IIª-IIae q. 2 a. 9 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2390 ille qui assentit alicui rei credendo aut habet causam sufficienter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2391 inducentem ipsum ad credendum, aut non. Si habet sufficiens
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2392 inductivum ad credendum, non videtur hoc ei esse meritorium, quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2393 non est ei iam liberum credere et non credere. Si autem non habet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2394 sufficiens inductivum ad credendum, levitatis est credere, secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2395 illud Eccli. XIX, <i>qui cito credit levis est corde</i>, et sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2396 non videtur esse meritorium. Ergo credere nullo modo est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2397 meritorium.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2398 <p title="II-II q. 2 a. 9 s. c."><a name="38908"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2399 "ref">[38908] IIª-IIae q. 2 a. 9 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2400 est quod dicitur ad Heb. XI, quod <i>sancti per fidem adepti sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2401 repromissiones</i>. Quod non esset nisi credendo mererentur. Ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2402 ipsum credere est meritorium.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2403 <p title="II-II q. 2 a. 9 co."><a name="38909"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2404 "ref">[38909] IIª-IIae q. 2 a. 9 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2405 dicendum quod, sicut supra dictum est, actus nostri sunt meritorii
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2406 inquantum procedunt ex libero arbitrio moto a Deo per gratiam. Unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2407 omnis actus humanus qui subiicitur libero arbitrio, si sit relatus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2408 in Deum, potest meritorius esse. Ipsum autem credere est actus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2409 intellectus assentientis veritati divinae ex imperio voluntatis a
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2410 Deo motae per gratiam, et sic subiacet libero arbitrio in ordine ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2411 Deum. Unde actus fidei potest esse meritorius.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2412 <p title="II-II q. 2 a. 9 ad 1"><a name="38910"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2413 "ref">[38910] IIª-IIae q. 2 a. 9 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2414 ergo dicendum quod natura comparatur ad caritatem, quae est merendi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2415 principium, sicut materia ad formam. Fides autem comparatur ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2416 caritatem sicut dispositio praecedens ultimam formam. Manifestum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2417 est autem quod subiectum vel materia non potest agere in virtute
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2418 formae, neque etiam dispositio praecedens, antequam forma adveniat.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2419 Sed postquam forma advenerit, tam subiectum quam dispositio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2420 praecedens agit in virtute formae, quae est principale agendi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2421 principium, sicut calor ignis agit in virtute formae substantialis.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2422 Sic ergo neque natura neque fides sine caritate possunt producere
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2423 actum meritorium, sed caritate superveniente, actus fidei fit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2424 meritorius per caritatem, sicut et actus naturae et naturalis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2425 liberi arbitrii.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2426 <p title="II-II q. 2 a. 9 ad 2"><a name="38911"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2427 "ref">[38911] IIª-IIae q. 2 a. 9 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2428 dicendum quod in scientia duo possunt considerari, scilicet ipse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2429 assensus scientis ad rem scitam, et consideratio rei scitae.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2430 Assensus autem scientiae non subiicitur libero arbitrio, quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2431 sciens cogitur ad assentiendum per efficaciam demonstrationis. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2432 ideo assensus scientiae non est meritorius. Sed consideratio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2433 actualis rei scitae subiacet libero arbitrio, est enim in potestate
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2434 hominis considerare vel non considerare. Et ideo consideratio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2435 scientiae potest esse meritoria, si referatur ad finem caritatis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2436 idest ad honorem Dei vel utilitatem proximi. Sed in fide utrumque
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2437 subiacet libero arbitrio. Et ideo quantum ad utrumque actus fidei
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2438 potest esse meritorius. Sed opinio non habet firmum assensum, est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2439 enim quoddam debile et infirmum, secundum philosophum, in I Poster.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2440 Unde non videtur procedere ex perfecta voluntate. Et sic ex parte
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2441 assensus non multum videtur habere rationem meriti. Sed ex parte
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2442 considerationis actualis potest meritoria esse.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2443 <p title="II-II q. 2 a. 9 ad 3"><a name="38912"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2444 "ref">[38912] IIª-IIae q. 2 a. 9 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2445 dicendum quod ille qui credit habet sufficiens inductivum ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2446 credendum, inducitur enim auctoritate divinae doctrinae miraculis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2447 confirmatae, et, quod plus est, interiori instinctu Dei invitantis.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2448 Unde non leviter credit. Tamen non habet sufficiens inductivum ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2449 sciendum. Et ideo non tollitur ratio meriti.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2450 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2451 <div class="E">Articulus 10</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2452 <p title="II-II q. 2 a. 10 arg. 1"><a name="38913"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2453 "ref">[38913] IIª-IIae q. 2 a. 10 arg. 1</span></a> Ad decimum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2454 sic proceditur. Videtur quod ratio inducta ad ea quae sunt fidei
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2455 diminuat meritum fidei. Dicit enim Gregorius, in quadam homilia,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2456 quod <i>fides non habet meritum cui humana ratio praebet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2457 experimentum</i>. Si ergo ratio humana sufficienter experimentum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2458 praebens totaliter excludit meritum fidei, videtur quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2459 qualiscumque ratio humana inducta ad ea quae sunt fidei diminuat
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2460 meritum fidei.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2461 <p title="II-II q. 2 a. 10 arg. 2"><a name="38914"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2462 "ref">[38914] IIª-IIae q. 2 a. 10 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2463 quidquid diminuit rationem virtutis diminuit rationem meriti, quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2464 felicitas virtutis est praemium ut etiam philosophus dicit, in I
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2465 Ethic. Sed ratio humana videtur diminuere rationem virtutis ipsius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2466 fidei, quia de ratione fidei est quod sit non apparentium, ut supra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2467 dictum est; quanto autem plures rationes inducuntur ad aliquid,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2468 tanto minus est non apparens. Ergo ratio humana inducta ad ea quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2469 sunt fidei meritum fidei diminuit.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2470 <p title="II-II q. 2 a. 10 arg. 3"><a name="38915"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2471 "ref">[38915] IIª-IIae q. 2 a. 10 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2472 contrariorum contrariae sunt causae. Sed id quod inducitur in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2473 contrarium fidei auget meritum fidei, sive sit persecutio cogentis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2474 ad recedendum a fide, sive etiam sit ratio aliqua hoc persuadens.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2475 Ergo ratio coadiuvans fidem diminuit meritum fidei.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2476 <p title="II-II q. 2 a. 10 s. c."><a name="38916"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2477 "ref">[38916] IIª-IIae q. 2 a. 10 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2478 est quod I Petri III dicitur, <i>parati semper ad satisfactionem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2479 omni poscenti vos rationem de ea quae in vobis est fide et spe</i>.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2480 Non autem ad hoc induceret apostolus si per hoc meritum fidei
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2481 diminueretur. Non ergo ratio diminuit meritum fidei.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2482 <p title="II-II q. 2 a. 10 co."><a name="38917"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2483 "ref">[38917] IIª-IIae q. 2 a. 10 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2484 dicendum quod, sicut dictum est, actus fidei potest esse meritorius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2485 inquantum subiacet voluntati non solum quantum ad usum, sed etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2486 quantum ad assensum. Ratio autem humana inducta ad ea quae sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2487 fidei dupliciter potest se habere ad voluntatem credentis. Uno
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2488 quidem modo, sicut praecedens, puta cum quis aut non haberet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2489 voluntatem, aut non haberet promptam voluntatem ad credendum, nisi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2490 ratio humana induceretur. Et sic ratio humana inducta diminuit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2491 meritum fidei, sicut etiam supra dictum est quod passio praecedens
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2492 electionem in virtutibus moralibus diminuit laudem virtuosi actus.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2493 Sicut enim homo actus virtutum moralium debet exercere propter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2494 iudicium rationis, non propter passionem; ita credere debet homo ea
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2495 quae sunt fidei non propter rationem humanam, sed propter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2496 auctoritatem divinam. Alio modo ratio humana potest se habere ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2497 voluntatem credentis consequenter. Cum enim homo habet promptam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2498 voluntatem ad credendum, diligit veritatem creditam, et super ea
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2499 excogitat et amplectitur si quas rationes ad hoc invenire potest.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2500 Et quantum ad hoc ratio humana non excludit meritum fidei, sed est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2501 signum maioris meriti, sicut etiam passio consequens in virtutibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2502 moralibus est signum promptioris voluntatis, ut supra dictum est.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2503 Et hoc significatur Ioan. IV, ubi Samaritani ad mulierem, per quam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2504 ratio humana figuratur, dixerunt, <i>iam non propter tuam loquelam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2505 credimus</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2506 <p title="II-II q. 2 a. 10 ad 1"><a name="38918"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2507 "ref">[38918] IIª-IIae q. 2 a. 10 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2508 ergo dicendum quod Gregorius loquitur in casu illo quando homo non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2509 habet voluntatem credendi nisi propter rationem inductam. Quando
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2510 autem homo habet voluntatem credendi ea quae sunt fidei ex sola
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2511 auctoritate divina, etiam si habeat rationem demonstrativam ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2512 aliquid eorum, puta ad hoc quod est Deum esse, non propter hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2513 tollitur vel minuitur meritum fidei.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2514 <p title="II-II q. 2 a. 10 ad 2"><a name="38919"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2515 "ref">[38919] IIª-IIae q. 2 a. 10 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2516 dicendum quod rationes quae inducuntur ad auctoritatem fidei non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2517 sunt demonstrationes quae in visionem intelligibilem intellectum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2518 humanum reducere possunt. Et ideo non desinunt esse non apparentia.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2519 Sed removent impedimenta fidei, ostendendo non esse impossibile
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2520 quod in fide proponitur. Unde per tales rationes non diminuitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2521 meritum fidei nec ratio fidei. Sed rationes demonstrativae inductae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2522 ad ea quae sunt fidei, praeambula tamen ad articulos, etsi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2523 diminuant rationem fidei, quia faciunt esse apparens id quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2524 proponitur; non tamen diminuunt rationem caritatis, per quam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2525 voluntas est prompta ad ea credendum etiam si non apparerent. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2526 ideo non diminuitur ratio meriti.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2527 <p title="II-II q. 2 a. 10 ad 3"><a name="38920"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2528 "ref">[38920] IIª-IIae q. 2 a. 10 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2529 dicendum quod ea quae repugnant fidei, sive in consideratione
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2530 hominis sive in exteriori persecutione, intantum augent meritum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2531 fidei inquantum ostenditur voluntas magis prompta et firma in fide.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2532 Et ideo martyres maius fidei meritum habuerunt non recedentes a
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2533 fide propter persecutiones; et etiam sapientes maius meritum fidei
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2534 habent non recedentes a fide propter rationes philosophorum vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2535 haereticorum contra fidem inductas. Sed ea quae conveniunt fidei
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2536 non semper diminuunt promptitudinem voluntatis ad credendum. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2537 ideo non semper diminuunt meritum fidei.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2538 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2539 <div class="D">Quaestio 3</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2540 <div class="G">Prooemium</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2541 <p title="II-II q. 3 pr."><a name="38921"><span class="ref">[38921]
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2542 IIª-IIae q. 3 pr.</span></a> Deinde considerandum est de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2543 exteriori fidei actu, qui est confessio. Et circa hoc quaeruntur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2544 duo. Primo, utrum confessio sit actus fidei. Secundo, utrum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2545 confessio sit necessaria ad salutem.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2546 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2547 <div class="E">Articulus 1</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2548 <p title="II-II q. 3 a. 1 arg. 1"><a name="38922"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2549 "ref">[38922] IIª-IIae q. 3 a. 1 arg. 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2550 sic proceditur. Videtur quod confessio non sit actus fidei. Non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2551 enim idem actus pertinet ad diversas virtutes. Sed confessio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2552 pertinet ad poenitentiam, cuius ponitur pars. Ergo non est actus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2553 fidei.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2554 <p title="II-II q. 3 a. 1 arg. 2"><a name="38923"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2555 "ref">[38923] IIª-IIae q. 3 a. 1 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2556 ab hoc quod homo confiteatur fidem retrahitur interdum per timorem,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2557 vel etiam propter aliquam confusionem, unde et apostolus, ad Ephes.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2558 ult., petit orari pro se ut detur sibi <i>cum fiducia notum facere
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2559 mysterium Evangelii</i>. Sed non recedere a bono propter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2560 confusionem vel timorem pertinet ad fortitudinem, quae moderatur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2561 audacias et timores. Ergo videtur quod confessio non sit actus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2562 fidei, sed magis fortitudinis vel constantiae.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2563 <p title="II-II q. 3 a. 1 arg. 3"><a name="38924"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2564 "ref">[38924] IIª-IIae q. 3 a. 1 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2565 sicut per fidei fervorem inducitur aliquis ad confitendum fidem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2566 exterius, ita etiam inducitur ad alia exteriora bona opera
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2567 facienda, dicitur enim Gal. V quod <i>fides per dilectionem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2568 operatur</i>. Sed alia exteriora opera non ponuntur actus fidei.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2569 Ergo etiam neque confessio.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2570 <p title="II-II q. 3 a. 1 s. c."><a name="38925"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2571 "ref">[38925] IIª-IIae q. 3 a. 1 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2572 est quod, II ad Thess. I, super illud, <i>et opus fidei in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2573 virtute</i>, dicit Glossa, <i>idest confessionem, quae proprie est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2574 opus fidei</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2575 <p title="II-II q. 3 a. 1 co."><a name="38926"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2576 "ref">[38926] IIª-IIae q. 3 a. 1 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2577 dicendum quod actus exteriores illius virtutis proprie sunt actus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2578 ad cuius fines secundum suas species referuntur, sicut ieiunare
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2579 secundum suam speciem refertur ad finem abstinentiae, quae est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2580 compescere carnem, et ideo est actus abstinentiae. Confessio autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2581 eorum quae sunt fidei secundum suam speciem ordinatur sicut ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2582 finem ad id quod est fidei, secundum illud II ad Cor. IV,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2583 <i>habentes eundem spiritum fidei credimus, propter quod et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2584 loquimur</i>, exterior enim locutio ordinatur ad significandum id
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2585 quod in corde concipitur. Unde sicut conceptus interior eorum quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2586 sunt fidei est proprie fidei actus, ita etiam et exterior
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2587 confessio.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2588 <p title="II-II q. 3 a. 1 ad 1"><a name="38927"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2589 "ref">[38927] IIª-IIae q. 3 a. 1 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2590 ergo dicendum quod triplex est confessio quae in Scripturis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2591 laudatur. Una est confessio eorum quae sunt fidei. Et ista est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2592 proprius actus fidei, utpote relata ad fidei finem, sicut dictum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2593 est. Alia est confessio gratiarum actionis sive laudis. Et ista est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2594 actus latriae, ordinatur enim ad honorem Deo exterius exhibendum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2595 quod est finis latriae. Tertia est confessio peccatorum. Et haec
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2596 ordinatur ad deletionem peccati, quae est finis poenitentiae. Unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2597 pertinet ad poenitentiam.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2598 <p title="II-II q. 3 a. 1 ad 2"><a name="38928"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2599 "ref">[38928] IIª-IIae q. 3 a. 1 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2600 dicendum quod removens prohibens non est causa per se, sed per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2601 accidens, ut patet per philosophum, in VIII Phys. Unde fortitudo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2602 quae removet impedimentum confessionis fidei, scilicet timorem vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2603 erubescentiam, non est proprie et per se causa confessionis, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2604 quasi per accidens.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2605 <p title="II-II q. 3 a. 1 ad 3"><a name="38929"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2606 "ref">[38929] IIª-IIae q. 3 a. 1 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2607 dicendum quod fides interior, mediante dilectione, causat omnes
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2608 exteriores actus virtutum mediantibus aliis virtutibus, imperando,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2609 non eliciendo. Sed confessionem producit tanquam proprium actum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2610 nulla alia virtute mediante.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2611 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2612 <div class="E">Articulus 2</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2613 <p title="II-II q. 3 a. 2 arg. 1"><a name="38930"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2614 "ref">[38930] IIª-IIae q. 3 a. 2 arg. 1</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2615 sic proceditur. Videtur quod confessio fidei non sit necessaria ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2616 salutem. Illud enim videtur ad salutem sufficere per quod homo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2617 attingit finem virtutis. Sed finis proprius fidei est coniunctio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2618 humanae mentis ad veritatem divinam, quod potest etiam esse sine
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2619 exteriori confessione. Ergo confessio fidei non est necessaria ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2620 salutem.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2621 <p title="II-II q. 3 a. 2 arg. 2"><a name="38931"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2622 "ref">[38931] IIª-IIae q. 3 a. 2 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2623 per exteriorem confessionem fidei homo fidem suam alii homini
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2624 patefacit. Sed hoc non est necessarium nisi illis qui habent alios
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2625 in fide instruere. Ergo videtur quod minores non teneantur ad fidei
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2626 confessionem.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2627 <p title="II-II q. 3 a. 2 arg. 3"><a name="38932"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2628 "ref">[38932] IIª-IIae q. 3 a. 2 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2629 illud quod potest vergere in scandalum et turbationem aliorum non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2630 est necessarium ad salutem, dicit enim apostolus, I ad Cor. X,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2631 <i>sine offensione estote Iudaeis et gentibus et Ecclesiae Dei</i>.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2632 Sed per confessionem fidei quandoque ad perturbationem infideles
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2633 provocantur. Ergo confessio fidei non est necessaria ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2634 salutem.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2635 <p title="II-II q. 3 a. 2 s. c."><a name="38933"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2636 "ref">[38933] IIª-IIae q. 3 a. 2 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2637 est quod apostolus dicit, ad Rom. X, <i>corde creditur ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2638 iustitiam, ore autem confessio fit ad salutem</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2639 <p title="II-II q. 3 a. 2 co."><a name="38934"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2640 "ref">[38934] IIª-IIae q. 3 a. 2 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2641 dicendum quod ea quae sunt necessaria ad salutem cadunt sub
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2642 praeceptis divinae legis. Confessio autem fidei, cum sit quoddam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2643 affirmativum, non potest cadere nisi sub praecepto affirmativo.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2644 Unde eo modo est de necessariis ad salutem quo modo potest cadere
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2645 sub praecepto affirmativo divinae legis. Praecepta autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2646 affirmativa, ut supra dictum est, non obligant ad semper, etsi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2647 semper obligent, obligant autem pro loco et tempore et secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2648 alias circumstantias debitas secundum quas oportet actum humanum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2649 limitari ad hoc quod sit actus virtutis. Sic igitur confiteri fidem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2650 non semper neque in quolibet loco est de necessitate salutis, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2651 aliquo loco et tempore, quando scilicet per omissionem huius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2652 confessionis subtraheretur honor debitus Deo, vel etiam utilitas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2653 proximis impendenda; puta si aliquis interrogatus de fide taceret,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2654 et ex hoc crederetur vel quod non haberet fidem vel quod fides non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2655 esset vera, vel alii per eius taciturnitatem averterentur a fide.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2656 In huiusmodi enim casibus confessio fidei est de necessitate
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2657 salutis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2658 <p title="II-II q. 3 a. 2 ad 1"><a name="38935"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2659 "ref">[38935] IIª-IIae q. 3 a. 2 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2660 ergo dicendum quod finis fidei, sicut et aliarum virtutum, referri
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2661 debet ad finem caritatis, qui est amor Dei et proximi. Et ideo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2662 quando honor Dei vel utilitas proximi hoc exposcit, non debet esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2663 contentus homo ut per fidem suam ipse veritati divinae coniungatur;
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2664 sed debet fidem exterius confiteri.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2665 <p title="II-II q. 3 a. 2 ad 2"><a name="38936"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2666 "ref">[38936] IIª-IIae q. 3 a. 2 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2667 dicendum quod in casu necessitatis, ubi fides periclitatur,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2668 quilibet tenetur fidem suam aliis propalare, vel ad instructionem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2669 aliorum fidelium sive confirmationem, vel ad reprimendum infidelium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2670 insultationem. Sed aliis temporibus instruere homines de fide non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2671 pertinet ad omnes fideles.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2672 <p title="II-II q. 3 a. 2 ad 3"><a name="38937"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2673 "ref">[38937] IIª-IIae q. 3 a. 2 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2674 dicendum quod, si turbatio infidelium oriatur de confessione fidei
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2675 manifesta absque aliqua utilitate fidei vel fidelium, non est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2676 laudabile in tali casu fidem publice confiteri, unde dominus dicit,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2677 Matth. VII, <i>nolite sanctum dare canibus, neque margaritas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2678 vestras spargere ante porcos, ne conversi dirumpant vos</i>. Sed si
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2679 utilitas aliqua fidei speretur aut necessitas adsit, contempta
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2680 turbatione infidelium, debet homo fidem publice confiteri. Unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2681 Matth. XV dicitur quod, cum discipuli dixissent domino quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2682 Pharisaei, audito eius verbo, scandalizati sunt, dominus respondit,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2683 sinite illos, scilicet turbari, <i>caeci sunt et duces
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2684 caecorum</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2685 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2686 <div class="D">Quaestio 4</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2687 <div class="G">Prooemium</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2688 <p title="II-II q. 4 pr."><a name="38938"><span class="ref">[38938]
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2689 IIª-IIae q. 4 pr.</span></a> Deinde considerandum est de ipsa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2690 fidei virtute. Et primo quidem, de ipsa fide; secundo, de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2691 habentibus fidem; tertio, de causa fidei; quarto, de effectibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2692 eius. Circa primum quaeruntur octo. Primo, quid sit fides. Secundo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2693 in qua vi animae sit sicut in subiecto. Tertio, utrum forma eius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2694 sit caritas. Quarto, utrum eadem numero sit fides formata et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2695 informis. Quinto, utrum fides sit virtus. Sexto, utrum sit una
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2696 virtus. Septimo, de ordine eius ad alias virtutes. Octavo, de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2697 comparatione certitudinis eius ad certitudinem virtutum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2698 intellectualium.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2699 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2700 <div class="E">Articulus 1</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2701 <p title="II-II q. 4 a. 1 arg. 1"><a name="38939"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2702 "ref">[38939] IIª-IIae q. 4 a. 1 arg. 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2703 sic proceditur. Videtur quod sit incompetens fidei definitio quam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2704 apostolus ponit, ad Heb. XI, dicens, <i>est autem fides substantia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2705 sperandarum rerum, argumentum non apparentium</i>. Nulla enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2706 qualitas est substantia. Sed fides est qualitas, cum sit virtus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2707 theologica, ut supra dictum est. Ergo non est substantia.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2708 <p title="II-II q. 4 a. 1 arg. 2"><a name="38940"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2709 "ref">[38940] IIª-IIae q. 4 a. 1 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2710 diversarum virtutum diversa sunt obiecta. Sed res speranda est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2711 obiectum spei. Non ergo debet poni in definitione fidei tanquam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2712 eius obiectum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2713 <p title="II-II q. 4 a. 1 arg. 3"><a name="38941"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2714 "ref">[38941] IIª-IIae q. 4 a. 1 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2715 fides magis perficitur per caritatem quam per spem, quia caritas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2716 est forma fidei, ut infra dicetur. Magis ergo poni debuit in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2717 definitione fidei res diligenda quam res speranda.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2718 <p title="II-II q. 4 a. 1 arg. 4"><a name="38942"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2719 "ref">[38942] IIª-IIae q. 4 a. 1 arg. 4</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2720 idem non debet poni in diversis generibus. Sed substantia et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2721 argumentum sunt diversa genera non subalternatim posita. Ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2722 inconvenienter fides dicitur esse substantia et argumentum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2723 <p title="II-II q. 4 a. 1 arg. 5"><a name="38943"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2724 "ref">[38943] IIª-IIae q. 4 a. 1 arg. 5</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2725 per argumentum veritas manifestatur eius ad quod inducitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2726 argumentum. Sed illud dicitur esse apparens cuius veritas est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2727 manifestata. Ergo videtur implicari oppositio in hoc quod dicitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2728 argumentum non apparentium. Inconvenienter ergo describitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2729 fides.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2730 <p title="II-II q. 4 a. 1 s. c."><a name="38944"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2731 "ref">[38944] IIª-IIae q. 4 a. 1 s. c.</span></a> In
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2732 contrarium sufficit auctoritas apostoli.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2733 <p title="II-II q. 4 a. 1 co."><a name="38945"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2734 "ref">[38945] IIª-IIae q. 4 a. 1 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2735 dicendum quod, licet quidam dicant praedicta apostoli verba non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2736 esse fidei definitionem, tamen, si quis recte consideret, omnia ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2737 quibus fides potest definiri in praedicta descriptione tanguntur,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2738 licet verba non ordinentur sub forma definitionis, sicut etiam apud
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2739 philosophos praetermissa syllogistica forma syllogismorum principia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2740 tanguntur. Ad cuius evidentiam considerandum est quod, cum habitus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2741 cognoscantur per actus et actus per obiecta, fides, cum sit habitus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2742 quidam, debet definiri per proprium actum in comparatione ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2743 proprium obiectum. Actus autem fidei est credere, qui, sicut supra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2744 dictum est, actus est intellectus determinati ad unum ex imperio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2745 voluntatis. Sic ergo actus fidei habet ordinem et ad obiectum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2746 voluntatis, quod est bonum et finis; et ad obiectum intellectus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2747 quod est verum. Et quia fides, cum sit virtus theologica, sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2748 supra dictum est, habet idem pro obiecto et fine, necesse est quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2749 obiectum fidei et finis proportionaliter sibi correspondeant.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2750 Dictum est autem supra quod veritas prima est obiectum fidei
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2751 secundum quod ipsa est non visa et ea quibus propter ipsam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2752 inhaeretur. Et secundum hoc oportet quod ipsa veritas prima se
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2753 habeat ad actum fidei per modum finis secundum rationem rei non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2754 visae. Quod pertinet ad rationem rei speratae, secundum illud
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2755 apostoli, ad Rom. VIII, <i>quod non videmus speramus</i>, veritatem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2756 enim videre est ipsam habere; non autem sperat aliquis id quod iam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2757 habet, sed spes est de hoc quod non habetur, ut supra dictum est.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2758 Sic igitur habitudo actus fidei ad finem, qui est obiectum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2759 voluntatis, significatur in hoc quod dicitur, <i>fides est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2760 substantia rerum sperandarum</i>. Substantia enim solet dici prima
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2761 inchoatio cuiuscumque rei, et maxime quando tota res sequens
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2762 continetur virtute in primo principio, puta si dicamus quod prima
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2763 principia indemonstrabilia sunt substantia scientiae, quia scilicet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2764 primum quod in nobis est de scientia sunt huiusmodi principia, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2765 in eis virtute continetur tota scientia. Per hunc ergo modum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2766 dicitur fides esse substantia rerum sperandarum, quia scilicet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2767 prima inchoatio rerum sperandarum in nobis est per assensum fidei,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2768 quae virtute continet omnes res sperandas. In hoc enim speramus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2769 beatificari quod videbimus aperta visione veritatem cui per fidem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2770 adhaeremus, ut patet per ea quae supra de felicitate dicta sunt.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2771 Habitudo autem actus fidei ad obiectum intellectus, secundum quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2772 est obiectum fidei, designatur in hoc quod dicitur, argumentum non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2773 apparentium. Et sumitur argumentum pro argumenti effectu, per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2774 argumentum enim intellectus inducitur ad adhaerendum alicui vero;
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2775 unde ipsa firma adhaesio intellectus ad veritatem fidei non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2776 apparentem vocatur hic argumentum. Unde alia littera habet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2777 convictio, quia scilicet per auctoritatem divinam intellectus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2778 credentis convincitur ad assentiendum his quae non videt. Si quis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2779 ergo in formam definitionis huiusmodi verba reducere velit, potest
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2780 dicere quod fides est habitus mentis, qua inchoatur vita aeterna in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2781 nobis, faciens intellectum assentire non apparentibus. Per hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2782 autem fides ab omnibus aliis distinguitur quae ad intellectum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2783 pertinent. Per hoc enim quod dicitur argumentum, distinguitur fides
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2784 ab opinione, suspicione et dubitatione, per quae non est prima
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2785 adhaesio intellectus firma ad aliquid. Per hoc autem quod dicitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2786 non apparentium, distinguitur fides a scientia et intellectu, per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2787 quae aliquid fit apparens. Per hoc autem quod dicitur substantia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2788 sperandarum rerum, distinguitur virtus fidei a fide communiter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2789 sumpta, quae non ordinatur ad beatitudinem speratam. Omnes autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2790 aliae definitiones quaecumque de fide dantur, explicationes sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2791 huius quam apostolus ponit. Quod enim dicit Augustinus, <i>fides
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2792 est virtus qua creduntur quae non videntur</i>; et quod dicit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2793 Damascenus, quod <i>fides est non inquisitus consensus</i>; et quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2794 alii dicunt, quod <i>fides est certitudo quaedam animi de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2795 absentibus supra opinionem et infra scientiam</i>; idem est ei quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2796 apostolus dicit, argumentum non apparentium. Quod vero Dionysius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2797 dicit, VII cap. de Div. Nom., quod <i>fides est manens credentium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2798 fundamentum, collocans eos in veritate et in ipsis veritatem</i>,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2799 idem est ei quod dicitur, substantia sperandarum rerum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2800 <p title="II-II q. 4 a. 1 ad 1"><a name="38946"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2801 "ref">[38946] IIª-IIae q. 4 a. 1 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2802 ergo dicendum quod substantia non sumitur hic secundum quod est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2803 genus generalissimum contra alia genera divisum, sed secundum quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2804 in quolibet genere invenitur quaedam similitudo substantiae, prout
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2805 scilicet primum in quolibet genere, continens in se alia virtute,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2806 dicitur esse substantia illorum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2807 <p title="II-II q. 4 a. 1 ad 2"><a name="38947"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2808 "ref">[38947] IIª-IIae q. 4 a. 1 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2809 dicendum quod, cum fides pertineat ad intellectum secundum quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2810 imperatur a voluntate, oportet quod ordinetur, sicut ad finem, ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2811 obiecta illarum virtutum quibus perficitur voluntas. Inter quas est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2812 spes, ut infra patebit. Et ideo in definitione fidei ponitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2813 obiectum spei.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2814 <p title="II-II q. 4 a. 1 ad 3"><a name="38948"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2815 "ref">[38948] IIª-IIae q. 4 a. 1 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2816 dicendum quod dilectio potest esse et visorum et non visorum, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2817 praesentium et absentium. Et ideo res diligenda non ita proprie
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2818 adaptatur fidei sicut res speranda, cum spes sit semper absentium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2819 et non visorum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2820 <p title="II-II q. 4 a. 1 ad 4"><a name="38949"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2821 "ref">[38949] IIª-IIae q. 4 a. 1 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2822 dicendum quod substantia et argumentum, secundum quod in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2823 definitione fidei ponuntur, non important diversa genera fidei
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2824 neque diversos actus, sed diversas habitudines unius actus ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2825 diversa obiecta, ut ex dictis patet.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2826 <p title="II-II q. 4 a. 1 ad 5"><a name="38950"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2827 "ref">[38950] IIª-IIae q. 4 a. 1 ad 5</span></a> Ad quintum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2828 dicendum quod argumentum quod sumitur ex propriis principiis rei
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2829 facit rem esse apparentem. Sed argumentum quod sumitur ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2830 auctoritate divina non facit rem in se esse apparentem. Et tale
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2831 argumentum ponitur in definitione fidei.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2832 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2833 <div class="E">Articulus 2</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2834 <p title="II-II q. 4 a. 2 arg. 1"><a name="38951"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2835 "ref">[38951] IIª-IIae q. 4 a. 2 arg. 1</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2836 sic proceditur. Videtur quod fides non sit in intellectu sicut in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2837 subiecto. Dicit enim Augustinus, in libro de Praed. Sanct., quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2838 <i>fides in credentium voluntate consistit</i>. Sed voluntas est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2839 alia potentia ab intellectu. Ergo fides non est in intellectu sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2840 in subiecto.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2841 <p title="II-II q. 4 a. 2 arg. 2"><a name="38952"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2842 "ref">[38952] IIª-IIae q. 4 a. 2 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2843 assensus fidei ad aliquid credendum provenit ex voluntate Deo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2844 obediente. Tota ergo laus fidei ex obedientia esse videtur. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2845 obedientia est in voluntate. Ergo et fides. Non ergo est in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2846 intellectu.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2847 <p title="II-II q. 4 a. 2 arg. 3"><a name="38953"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2848 "ref">[38953] IIª-IIae q. 4 a. 2 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2849 intellectus est vel speculativus vel practicus. Sed fides non est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2850 in intellectu speculativo, qui, cum nihil dicat de imitabili et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2851 fugiendo, ut dicitur in III de anima, non est principium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2852 operationis, fides autem est quae per dilectionem operatur, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2853 dicitur ad Gal. V. Similiter etiam nec in intellectu practico,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2854 cuius obiectum est verum contingens factibile vel agibile, obiectum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2855 enim fidei est verum aeternum, ut ex supradictis patet. Non ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2856 fides est in intellectu sicut in subiecto.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2857 <p title="II-II q. 4 a. 2 s. c."><a name="38954"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2858 "ref">[38954] IIª-IIae q. 4 a. 2 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2859 est quod fidei succedit visio patriae, secundum illud I ad Cor.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2860 XIII, <i>videmus nunc per speculum in aenigmate, tunc autem facie
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2861 ad faciem</i>. Sed visio est in intellectu. Ergo et fides.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2862 <p title="II-II q. 4 a. 2 co."><a name="38955"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2863 "ref">[38955] IIª-IIae q. 4 a. 2 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2864 dicendum quod, cum fides sit quaedam virtus, oportet quod actus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2865 eius sit perfectus. Ad perfectionem autem actus qui ex duobus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2866 activis principiis procedit requiritur quod utrumque activorum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2867 principiorum sit perfectum, non enim potest bene secari nisi et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2868 secans habeat artem et serra sit bene disposita ad secandum.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2869 Dispositio autem ad bene agendum in illis potentiis animae quae se
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2870 habent ad opposita est habitus, ut supra dictum est. Et ideo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2871 oportet quod actus procedens ex duabus talibus potentiis sit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2872 perfectus habitu aliquo praeexistente in utraque potentiarum.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2873 Dictum est autem supra quod credere est actus intellectus secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2874 quod movetur a voluntate ad assentiendum, procedit enim huiusmodi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2875 actus et a voluntate et ab intellectu. Quorum uterque natus est per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2876 habitum perfici, secundum praedicta. Et ideo oportet quod tam in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2877 voluntate sit aliquis habitus quam in intellectu, si debeat actus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2878 fidei esse perfectus, sicut etiam ad hoc quod actus concupiscibilis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2879 sit perfectus, oportet quod sit habitus prudentiae in ratione et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2880 habitus temperantiae in concupiscibili. Credere autem est immediate
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2881 actus intellectus, quia obiectum huius actus est verum, quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2882 proprie pertinet ad intellectum. Et ideo necesse est quod fides,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2883 quae est proprium principium huius actus, sit in intellectu sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2884 in subiecto.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2885 <p title="II-II q. 4 a. 2 ad 1"><a name="38956"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2886 "ref">[38956] IIª-IIae q. 4 a. 2 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2887 ergo dicendum quod Augustinus fidem accipit pro actu fidei, qui
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2888 dicitur consistere in credentium voluntate inquantum ex imperio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2889 voluntatis intellectus credibilibus assentit.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2890 <p title="II-II q. 4 a. 2 ad 2"><a name="38957"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2891 "ref">[38957] IIª-IIae q. 4 a. 2 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2892 dicendum quod non solum oportet voluntatem esse promptam ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2893 obediendum, sed etiam intellectum esse bene dispositum ad sequendum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2894 imperium voluntatis, sicut oportet concupiscibilem esse bene
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2895 dispositam ad sequendum imperium rationis. Et ideo non solum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2896 oportet esse habitum virtutis in voluntate imperante, sed etiam in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2897 intellectu assentiente.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2898 <p title="II-II q. 4 a. 2 ad 3"><a name="38958"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2899 "ref">[38958] IIª-IIae q. 4 a. 2 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2900 dicendum quod fides est in intellectu speculativo sicut in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2901 subiecto, ut manifeste patet ex fidei obiecto. Sed quia veritas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2902 prima, quae est fidei obiectum, est finis omnium desideriorum et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2903 actionum nostrarum, ut patet per Augustinum, in I de Trin.; inde
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2904 est quod per dilectionem operatur. Sicut etiam intellectus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2905 speculativus extensione fit practicus, ut dicitur in III de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2906 anima.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2907 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2908 <div class="E">Articulus 3</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2909 <p title="II-II q. 4 a. 3 arg. 1"><a name="38959"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2910 "ref">[38959] IIª-IIae q. 4 a. 3 arg. 1</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2911 sic proceditur. Videtur quod caritas non sit forma fidei.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2912 Unumquodque enim sortitur speciem per suam formam. Eorum ergo quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2913 ex opposito dividuntur sicut diversae species unius generis, unum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2914 non potest esse forma alterius. Sed fides et caritas dividuntur ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2915 opposito, I ad Cor. XIII, sicut diversae species virtutis. Ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2916 caritas non potest esse forma fidei.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2917 <p title="II-II q. 4 a. 3 arg. 2"><a name="38960"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2918 "ref">[38960] IIª-IIae q. 4 a. 3 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2919 forma et id cuius est forma sunt in eodem, quia ex eis fit unum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2920 simpliciter. Sed fides est in intellectu, caritas autem in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2921 voluntate. Ergo caritas non est forma fidei.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2922 <p title="II-II q. 4 a. 3 arg. 3"><a name="38961"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2923 "ref">[38961] IIª-IIae q. 4 a. 3 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2924 forma est principium rei. Sed principium credendi ex parte
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2925 voluntatis magis videtur esse obedientia quam caritas, secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2926 illud ad Rom. I, <i>ad obediendum fidei in omnibus gentibus</i>.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2927 Ergo obedientia magis est forma fidei quam caritas.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2928 <p title="II-II q. 4 a. 3 s. c."><a name="38962"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2929 "ref">[38962] IIª-IIae q. 4 a. 3 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2930 est quod unumquodque operatur per suam formam. Fides autem per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2931 dilectionem operatur. Ergo dilectio caritatis est forma fidei.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2932 <p title="II-II q. 4 a. 3 co."><a name="38963"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2933 "ref">[38963] IIª-IIae q. 4 a. 3 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2934 dicendum quod, sicut ex superioribus patet, actus voluntarii
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2935 speciem recipiunt a fine, qui est voluntatis obiectum. Id autem a
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2936 quo aliquid speciem sortitur se habet ad modum formae in rebus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2937 naturalibus. Et ideo cuiuslibet actus voluntarii forma quodammodo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2938 est finis ad quem ordinatur, tum quia ex ipso recipit speciem; tum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2939 etiam quia modus actionis oportet quod respondeat proportionaliter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2940 fini. Manifestum est autem ex praedictis quod actus fidei ordinatur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2941 ad obiectum voluntatis, quod est bonum, sicut ad finem. Hoc autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2942 bonum quod est finis fidei, scilicet bonum divinum, est proprium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2943 obiectum caritatis. Et ideo caritas dicitur forma fidei, inquantum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2944 per caritatem actus fidei perficitur et formatur.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2945 <p title="II-II q. 4 a. 3 ad 1"><a name="38964"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2946 "ref">[38964] IIª-IIae q. 4 a. 3 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2947 ergo dicendum quod caritas dicitur esse forma fidei inquantum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2948 informat actum ipsius. Nihil autem prohibet unum actum a diversis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2949 habitibus informari, et secundum hoc ad diversas species reduci
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2950 ordine quodam, ut supra dictum est, cum de actibus humanis in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2951 communi ageretur.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2952 <p title="II-II q. 4 a. 3 ad 2"><a name="38965"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2953 "ref">[38965] IIª-IIae q. 4 a. 3 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2954 dicendum quod obiectio illa procedit de forma intrinseca. Sic autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2955 caritas non est forma fidei, sed prout informat actum eius, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2956 supra dictum est.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2957 <p title="II-II q. 4 a. 3 ad 3"><a name="38966"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2958 "ref">[38966] IIª-IIae q. 4 a. 3 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2959 dicendum quod etiam ipsa obedientia, et similiter spes et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2960 quaecumque alia virtus posset praecedere actum fidei, formatur a
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2961 caritate, sicut infra patebit. Et ideo ipsa caritas ponitur forma
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2962 fidei.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2963 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2964 <div class="E">Articulus 4</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2965 <p title="II-II q. 4 a. 4 arg. 1"><a name="38967"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2966 "ref">[38967] IIª-IIae q. 4 a. 4 arg. 1</span></a> Ad quartum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2967 sic proceditur. Videtur quod fides informis non fiat formata, nec e
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2968 converso. Quia ut dicitur I ad Cor. XIII, <i>cum venerit quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2969 perfectum est, evacuabitur quod ex parte est</i>. Sed fides
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2970 informis est imperfecta respectu formatae. Ergo, adveniente fide
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2971 formata, fides informis excluditur, ut non sit unus habitus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2972 numero.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2973 <p title="II-II q. 4 a. 4 arg. 2"><a name="38968"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2974 "ref">[38968] IIª-IIae q. 4 a. 4 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2975 illud quod est mortuum non fit vivum. Sed fides informis est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2976 mortua, secundum illud Iac. II, <i>fides sine operibus mortua
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2977 est</i>. Ergo fides informis non potest fieri formata.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2978 <p title="II-II q. 4 a. 4 arg. 3"><a name="38969"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2979 "ref">[38969] IIª-IIae q. 4 a. 4 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2980 gratia Dei adveniens non habet minorem effectum in homine fideli
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2981 quam in infideli. Sed adveniens homini infideli causat in eo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2982 habitum fidei. Ergo etiam adveniens fideli qui habebat prius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2983 habitum fidei informis causat in eo alium habitum fidei.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2984 <p title="II-II q. 4 a. 4 arg. 4"><a name="38970"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2985 "ref">[38970] IIª-IIae q. 4 a. 4 arg. 4</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2986 sicut Boetius dicit, accidentia alterari non possunt. Sed fides est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2987 quoddam accidens. Ergo non potest eadem fides quandoque esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2988 formata et quandoque informis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2989 <p title="II-II q. 4 a. 4 s. c."><a name="38971"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2990 "ref">[38971] IIª-IIae q. 4 a. 4 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2991 est quod Iac. II, super illud, <i>fides sine operibus mortua
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2992 est</i>, dicit Glossa, quibus reviviscit. Ergo fides quae erat
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2993 prius mortua et informis fit formata et vivens.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2994 <p title="II-II q. 4 a. 4 co."><a name="38972"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2995 "ref">[38972] IIª-IIae q. 4 a. 4 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2996 dicendum quod circa hoc fuerunt diversae opiniones. Quidam enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2997 dixerunt quod alius est habitus fidei formatae et informis, sed,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2998 adveniente fide formata, tollitur fides informis. Et similiter,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2999 homine post fidem formatam peccante mortaliter, succedit alius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3000 habitus fidei informis a Deo infusus. Sed hoc non videtur esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3001 conveniens quod gratia adveniens homini aliquod Dei donum excludat,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3002 neque etiam quod aliquod Dei donum homini infundatur propter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3003 peccatum mortale. Et ideo alii dixerunt quod sunt quidem diversi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3004 habitus fidei formatae et informis, sed tamen, adveniente fide
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3005 formata, non tollitur habitus fidei informis, sed simul manet in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3006 eodem cum habitu fidei formatae. Sed hoc etiam videtur inconveniens
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3007 quod habitus fidei informis in habente fidem formatam remaneat
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3008 otiosus. Et ideo aliter dicendum quod idem est habitus fidei
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3009 formatae et informis. Cuius ratio est quia habitus diversificatur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3010 secundum illud quod per se ad habitum pertinet. Cum autem fides sit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3011 perfectio intellectus, illud per se ad fidem pertinet quod pertinet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3012 ad intellectum, quod autem pertinet ad voluntatem non per se
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3013 pertinet ad fidem, ita quod per hoc diversificari possit habitus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3014 fidei. Distinctio autem fidei formatae et informis est secundum id
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3015 quod pertinet ad voluntatem, idest secundum caritatem, non autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3016 secundum illud quod pertinet ad intellectum. Unde fides formata et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3017 informis non sunt diversi habitus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3018 <p title="II-II q. 4 a. 4 ad 1"><a name="38973"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3019 "ref">[38973] IIª-IIae q. 4 a. 4 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3020 ergo dicendum quod verbum apostoli est intelligendum quando
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3021 imperfectio est de ratione imperfecti. Tunc enim oportet quod,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3022 adveniente perfecto, imperfectum excludatur, sicut, adveniente
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3023 aperta visione, excluditur fides, de cuius ratione est ut sit non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3024 apparentium. Sed quando imperfectio non est de ratione rei
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3025 imperfectae, tunc illud numero idem quod erat imperfectum fit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3026 perfectum, sicut pueritia non est de ratione hominis, et ideo idem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3027 numero qui erat puer fit vir. Informitas autem fidei non est de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3028 ratione fidei, sed per accidens se habet ad ipsam, ut dictum est.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3029 Unde ipsamet fides informis fit formata.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3030 <p title="II-II q. 4 a. 4 ad 2"><a name="38974"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3031 "ref">[38974] IIª-IIae q. 4 a. 4 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3032 dicendum quod illud quod facit vitam animalis est de ratione
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3033 ipsius, quia est forma essentialis eius, scilicet anima. Et ideo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3034 mortuum vivum fieri non potest, sed aliud specie est quod est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3035 mortuum et quod est vivum. Sed id quod facit fidem esse formatam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3036 vel vivam non est de essentia fidei. Et ideo non est simile.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3037 <p title="II-II q. 4 a. 4 ad 3"><a name="38975"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3038 "ref">[38975] IIª-IIae q. 4 a. 4 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3039 dicendum quod gratia facit fidem non solum quando fides de novo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3040 incipit esse in homine, sed etiam quandiu fides durat, dictum est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3041 enim supra quod Deus semper operatur iustificationem hominis, sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3042 sol semper operatur illuminationem aeris. Unde gratia non minus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3043 facit adveniens fideli quam adveniens infideli, quia in utroque
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3044 operatur fidem, in uno quidem confirmando eam et perficiendo, in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3045 alio de novo creando. Vel potest dici quod hoc est per accidens,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3046 scilicet propter dispositionem subiecti, quod gratia non causat
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3047 fidem in eo qui habet. Sicut e contrario secundum peccatum mortale
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3048 non tollit gratiam ab eo qui eam amisit per peccatum mortale
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3049 praecedens.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3050 <p title="II-II q. 4 a. 4 ad 4"><a name="38976"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3051 "ref">[38976] IIª-IIae q. 4 a. 4 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3052 dicendum quod per hoc quod fides formata fit informis non mutatur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3053 ipsa fides, sed mutatur subiectum fidei, quod est anima, quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3054 quandoque quidem habet fidem sine caritate, quandoque autem cum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3055 caritate.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3056 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3057 <div class="E">Articulus 5</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3058 <p title="II-II q. 4 a. 5 arg. 1"><a name="38977"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3059 "ref">[38977] IIª-IIae q. 4 a. 5 arg. 1</span></a> Ad quintum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3060 sic proceditur. Videtur quod fides non sit virtus. Virtus enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3061 ordinatur ad bonum, nam virtus est quae bonum facit habentem, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3062 dicit philosophus, in II Ethic. Sed fides ordinatur ad verum. Ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3063 fides non est virtus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3064 <p title="II-II q. 4 a. 5 arg. 2"><a name="38978"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3065 "ref">[38978] IIª-IIae q. 4 a. 5 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3066 perfectior est virtus infusa quam acquisita. Sed fides, propter sui
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3067 imperfectionem, non ponitur inter virtutes intellectuales
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3068 acquisitas, ut patet per philosophum, in VI Ethic. Ergo multo minus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3069 potest poni virtus infusa.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3070 <p title="II-II q. 4 a. 5 arg. 3"><a name="38979"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3071 "ref">[38979] IIª-IIae q. 4 a. 5 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3072 fides formata et informis sunt eiusdem speciei, ut dictum est. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3073 fides informis non est virtus, quia non habet connexionem cum aliis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3074 virtutibus. Ergo nec fides formata est virtus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3075 <p title="II-II q. 4 a. 5 arg. 4"><a name="38980"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3076 "ref">[38980] IIª-IIae q. 4 a. 5 arg. 4</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3077 gratiae gratis datae et fructus distinguuntur a virtutibus. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3078 fides enumeratur inter gratias gratis datas, I ad Cor. XII, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3079 similiter inter fructus, ad Gal. V. Ergo fides non est virtus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3080 <p title="II-II q. 4 a. 5 s. c."><a name="38981"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3081 "ref">[38981] IIª-IIae q. 4 a. 5 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3082 est quod homo per virtutes iustificatur, nam iustitia est tota
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3083 virtus, ut dicitur in V Ethic. Sed per fidem homo iustificatur,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3084 secundum illud ad Rom. V, <i>iustificati ergo ex fide pacem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3085 habemus</i> et cetera. Ergo fides est virtus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3086 <p title="II-II q. 4 a. 5 co."><a name="38982"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3087 "ref">[38982] IIª-IIae q. 4 a. 5 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3088 dicendum quod, sicut ex supradictis patet, virtus humana est per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3089 quam actus humanus redditur bonus. Unde quicumque habitus est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3090 semper principium boni actus, potest dici virtus humana. Talis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3091 autem habitus est fides formata. Cum enim credere sit actus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3092 intellectus assentientis vero ex imperio voluntatis, ad hoc quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3093 iste actus sit perfectus duo requiruntur. Quorum unum est ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3094 infallibiliter intellectus tendat in suum bonum, quod est verum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3095 aliud autem est ut infallibiliter ordinetur ad ultimum finem,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3096 propter quem voluntas assentit vero. Et utrumque invenitur in actu
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3097 fidei formatae. Nam ex ratione ipsius fidei est quod intellectus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3098 semper feratur in verum, quia fidei non potest subesse falsum, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3099 supra habitum est, ex caritate autem, quae format fidem, habet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3100 anima quod infallibiliter voluntas ordinetur in bonum finem. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3101 ideo fides formata est virtus. Fides autem informis non est virtus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3102 quia etsi habeat perfectionem debitam actus fidei informis ex parte
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3103 intellectus, non tamen habet perfectionem debitam ex parte
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3104 voluntatis. Sicut etiam si temperantia esset in concupiscibili et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3105 prudentia non esset in rationali, temperantia non esset virtus, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3106 supra dictum est, quia ad actum temperantiae requiritur et actus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3107 rationis et actus concupiscibilis, sicut ad actum fidei requiritur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3108 actus voluntatis et actus intellectus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3109 <p title="II-II q. 4 a. 5 ad 1"><a name="38983"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3110 "ref">[38983] IIª-IIae q. 4 a. 5 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3111 ergo dicendum quod ipsum verum est bonum intellectus, cum sit eius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3112 perfectio. Et ideo inquantum per fidem intellectus determinatur ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3113 verum, fides habet ordinem in bonum quoddam. Sed ulterius,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3114 inquantum fides formatur per caritatem, habet etiam ordinem ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3115 bonum secundum quod est voluntatis obiectum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3116 <p title="II-II q. 4 a. 5 ad 2"><a name="38984"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3117 "ref">[38984] IIª-IIae q. 4 a. 5 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3118 dicendum quod fides de qua philosophus loquitur innititur rationi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3119 humanae non ex necessitate concludenti, cui potest subesse falsum.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3120 Et ideo talis fides non est virtus. Sed fides de qua loquimur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3121 innititur veritati divinae quae est infallibilis, et ita non potest
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3122 ei subesse falsum. Et ideo talis fides potest esse virtus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3123 <p title="II-II q. 4 a. 5 ad 3"><a name="38985"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3124 "ref">[38985] IIª-IIae q. 4 a. 5 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3125 dicendum quod fides formata et informis non differunt specie sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3126 in diversis speciebus existentes, differunt autem sicut perfectum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3127 et imperfectum in eadem specie. Unde fides informis, cum sit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3128 imperfecta, non pertingit ad perfectam rationem virtutis, nam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3129 virtus est perfectio quaedam, ut dicitur in VII Physic.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3130 <p title="II-II q. 4 a. 5 ad 4"><a name="38986"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3131 "ref">[38986] IIª-IIae q. 4 a. 5 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3132 dicendum quod quidam ponunt quod fides quae connumeratur inter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3133 gratias gratis datas est fides informis. Sed hoc non convenienter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3134 dicitur. Quia gratiae gratis datae, quae ibi enumerantur, non sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3135 communes omnibus membris Ecclesiae, unde apostolus ibi dicit,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3136 divisiones gratiarum sunt; et iterum, alii datur hoc, alii datur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3137 illud. Fides autem informis est communis omnibus membris Ecclesiae,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3138 quia informitas non est de substantia eius, secundum quod est donum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3139 gratuitum. Unde dicendum est quod fides ibi sumitur pro aliqua
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3140 fidei excellentia, sicut pro constantia fidei, ut dicit Glossa, vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3141 pro sermone fidei. Fides autem ponitur fructus secundum quod habet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3142 aliquam delectationem in suo actu, ratione certitudinis. Unde ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3143 Gal. V, ubi enumerantur fructus, exponitur fides de invisibilibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3144 certitudo.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3145 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3146 <div class="E">Articulus 6</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3147 <p title="II-II q. 4 a. 6 arg. 1"><a name="38987"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3148 "ref">[38987] IIª-IIae q. 4 a. 6 arg. 1</span></a> Ad sextum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3149 sic proceditur. Videtur quod non sit una fides. <i>Sicut enim fides
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3150 est donum Dei</i>, ut dicitur ad Ephes. II, ita etiam sapientia et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3151 scientia inter dona Dei computantur, ut patet Isaiae XI. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3152 sapientia et scientia differunt per hoc quod sapientia est de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3153 aeternis, scientia vero de temporalibus, ut patet per Augustinum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3154 XII de Trin. Cum igitur fides sit et de aeternis et de quibusdam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3155 temporalibus, videtur quod non sit una fides, sed distinguatur in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3156 partes.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3157 <p title="II-II q. 4 a. 6 arg. 2"><a name="38988"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3158 "ref">[38988] IIª-IIae q. 4 a. 6 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3159 confessio est actus fidei, ut supra dictum est. Sed non est una et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3160 eadem confessio fidei apud omnes, nam quod nos confitemur factum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3161 antiqui patres confitebantur futurum, ut patet Isaiae VII, <i>ecce
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3162 virgo concipiet</i>. Ergo non est una fides.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3163 <p title="II-II q. 4 a. 6 arg. 3"><a name="38989"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3164 "ref">[38989] IIª-IIae q. 4 a. 6 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3165 fides est communis omnibus fidelibus Christi. Sed unum accidens non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3166 potest esse in diversis subiectis. Ergo non potest esse una fides
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3167 omnium.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3168 <p title="II-II q. 4 a. 6 s. c."><a name="38990"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3169 "ref">[38990] IIª-IIae q. 4 a. 6 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3170 est quod apostolus dicit, ad Ephes. IV, <i>unus dominus, una
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3171 fides</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3172 <p title="II-II q. 4 a. 6 co."><a name="38991"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3173 "ref">[38991] IIª-IIae q. 4 a. 6 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3174 dicendum quod fides, si sumatur pro habitu, dupliciter potest
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3175 considerari. Uno modo, ex parte obiecti. Et sic est una fides,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3176 obiectum enim formale fidei est veritas prima, cui inhaerendo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3177 credimus quaecumque sub fide continentur. Alio modo, ex parte
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3178 subiecti. Et sic fides diversificatur secundum quod est diversorum.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3179 Manifestum est autem quod fides, sicut et quilibet alius habitus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3180 ex formali ratione obiecti habet speciem, sed ex subiecto
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3181 individuatur. Et ideo, si fides sumatur pro habitu quo credimus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3182 sic fides est una specie, et differens numero in diversis. Si vero
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3183 sumatur pro eo quod creditur, sic etiam est una fides. Quia idem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3184 est quod ab omnibus creditur, et si sint diversa credibilia quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3185 communiter omnes credunt, tamen omnia reducuntur ad unum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3186 <p title="II-II q. 4 a. 6 ad 1"><a name="38992"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3187 "ref">[38992] IIª-IIae q. 4 a. 6 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3188 ergo dicendum quod temporalia quae in fide proponuntur non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3189 pertinent ad obiectum fidei nisi in ordine ad aliquod aeternum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3190 quod est veritas prima, sicut supra dictum est. Et ideo fides una
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3191 est de temporalibus et aeternis. Secus autem est de sapientia et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3192 scientia, quae considerant temporalia et aeterna secundum proprias
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3193 rationes utrorumque.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3194 <p title="II-II q. 4 a. 6 ad 2"><a name="38993"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3195 "ref">[38993] IIª-IIae q. 4 a. 6 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3196 dicendum quod illa differentia praeteriti et futuri non contingit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3197 ex aliqua diversitate rei creditae, sed ex diversa habitudine
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3198 credentium ad unam rem creditam, ut etiam supra habitum est.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3199 <p title="II-II q. 4 a. 6 ad 3"><a name="38994"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3200 "ref">[38994] IIª-IIae q. 4 a. 6 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3201 dicendum quod illa ratio procedit ex diversitate fidei secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3202 numerum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3203 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3204 <div class="E">Articulus 7</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3205 <p title="II-II q. 4 a. 7 arg. 1"><a name="38995"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3206 "ref">[38995] IIª-IIae q. 4 a. 7 arg. 1</span></a> Ad septimum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3207 sic proceditur. Videtur quod fides non sit prima inter virtutes.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3208 Dicitur enim Luc. XII, in Glossa super illud, dico vobis amicis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3209 meis, quod fortitudo est fidei fundamentum. Sed fundamentum est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3210 prius eo cuius est fundamentum. Ergo fides non est prima
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3211 virtus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3212 <p title="II-II q. 4 a. 7 arg. 2"><a name="38996"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3213 "ref">[38996] IIª-IIae q. 4 a. 7 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3214 quaedam Glossa dicit, super illum Psalmum, noli aemulari, quod spes
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3215 introducit ad fidem. Spes autem est virtus quaedam, ut infra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3216 dicetur. Ergo fides non est prima virtutum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3217 <p title="II-II q. 4 a. 7 arg. 3"><a name="38997"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3218 "ref">[38997] IIª-IIae q. 4 a. 7 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3219 supra dictum est quod intellectus credentis inclinatur ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3220 assentiendum his quae sunt fidei ex obedientia ad Deum. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3221 obedientia etiam est quaedam virtus. Non ergo fides est prima
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3222 virtus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3223 <p title="II-II q. 4 a. 7 arg. 4"><a name="38998"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3224 "ref">[38998] IIª-IIae q. 4 a. 7 arg. 4</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3225 fides informis non est fundamentum, sed fides formata, sicut in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3226 Glossa dicitur, I ad Cor. III. Formatur autem fides per caritatem,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3227 ut supra dictum est. Ergo fides a caritate habet quod sit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3228 fundamentum. Caritas ergo est magis fundamentum quam fides, nam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3229 fundamentum est prima pars aedificii. Et ita videtur quod sit prior
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3230 fide.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3231 <p title="II-II q. 4 a. 7 arg. 5"><a name="38999"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3232 "ref">[38999] IIª-IIae q. 4 a. 7 arg. 5</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3233 secundum ordinem actuum intelligitur ordo habituum. Sed in actu
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3234 fidei actus voluntatis, quem perficit caritas, praecedit actum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3235 intellectus, quem perficit fides, sicut causa, quae praecedit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3236 effectum. Ergo caritas praecedit fidem. Non ergo fides est prima
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3237 virtutum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3238 <p title="II-II q. 4 a. 7 s. c."><a name="39000"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3239 "ref">[39000] IIª-IIae q. 4 a. 7 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3240 est quod apostolus dicit, ad Heb. XI, quod <i>fides est substantia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3241 sperandarum rerum</i>. Sed substantia habet rationem primi. Ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3242 fides est prima inter virtutes.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3243 <p title="II-II q. 4 a. 7 co."><a name="39001"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3244 "ref">[39001] IIª-IIae q. 4 a. 7 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3245 dicendum quod aliquid potest esse prius altero dupliciter, uno
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3246 modo, per se; alio modo, per accidens. Per se quidem inter omnes
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3247 virtutes prima est fides. Cum enim in agibilibus finis sit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3248 principium, ut supra dictum est, necesse est virtutes theologicas,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3249 quarum obiectum est ultimus finis, esse priores ceteris virtutibus.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3250 Ipse autem ultimus finis oportet quod prius sit in intellectu quam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3251 in voluntate, quia voluntas non fertur in aliquid nisi prout est in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3252 intellectu apprehensum. Unde cum ultimus finis sit quidem in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3253 voluntate per spem et caritatem, in intellectu autem per fidem,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3254 necesse est quod fides sit prima inter omnes virtutes, quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3255 naturalis cognitio non potest attingere ad Deum secundum quod est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3256 obiectum beatitudinis, prout tendit in ipsum spes et caritas. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3257 per accidens potest aliqua virtus esse prior fide. Causa enim per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3258 accidens est per accidens prior. Removere autem prohibens pertinet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3259 ad causam per accidens, ut patet per philosophum, in VIII Physic.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3260 Et secundum hoc aliquae virtutes possunt dici per accidens priores
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3261 fide, inquantum removent impedimenta credendi, sicut fortitudo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3262 removet inordinatum timorem impedientem fidem; humilitas autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3263 superbiam, per quam intellectus recusat se submittere veritati
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3264 fidei. Et idem potest dici de aliquibus aliis virtutibus, quamvis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3265 non sint verae virtutes nisi praesupposita fide, ut patet per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3266 Augustinum, in libro contra Iulianum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3267 <p title="II-II q. 4 a. 7 ad 1"><a name="39002"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3268 "ref">[39002] IIª-IIae q. 4 a. 7 ad 1</span></a> Unde patet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3269 responsio ad primum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3270 <p title="II-II q. 4 a. 7 ad 2"><a name="39003"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3271 "ref">[39003] IIª-IIae q. 4 a. 7 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3272 dicendum quod spes non potest universaliter introducere ad fidem.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3273 Non enim potest spes haberi de aeterna beatitudine nisi credatur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3274 possibile, quia impossibile non cadit sub spe, ut ex supradictis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3275 patet. Sed ex spe aliquis introduci potest ad hoc quod perseveret
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3276 in fide, vel quod fidei firmiter adhaereat. Et secundum hoc dicitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3277 spes introducere ad fidem.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3278 <p title="II-II q. 4 a. 7 ad 3"><a name="39004"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3279 "ref">[39004] IIª-IIae q. 4 a. 7 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3280 dicendum quod obedientia dupliciter dicitur. Quandoque enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3281 importat inclinationem voluntatis ad implendum divina mandata. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3282 sic non est specialis virtus, sed generaliter includitur in omni
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3283 virtute, quia omnes actus virtutum cadunt sub praeceptis legis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3284 divinae, ut supra dictum est. Et hoc modo ad fidem requiritur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3285 obedientia. Alio modo potest accipi obedientia secundum quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3286 importat inclinationem quandam ad implendam mandata secundum quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3287 habent rationem debiti. Et sic obedientia est specialis virtus, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3288 est pars iustitiae, reddit enim superiori debitum obediendo sibi.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3289 Et hoc modo obedientia sequitur fidem, per quam manifestatur homini
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3290 quod Deus sit superior, cui debeat obedire.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3291 <p title="II-II q. 4 a. 7 ad 4"><a name="39005"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3292 "ref">[39005] IIª-IIae q. 4 a. 7 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3293 dicendum quod ad rationem fundamenti non solum requiritur quod sit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3294 primum, sed etiam quod sit aliis partibus aedificii connexum, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3295 enim esset fundamentum nisi ei aliae partes aedificii cohaererent.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3296 Connexio autem spiritualis aedificii est per caritatem, secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3297 illud Coloss. III, <i>super omnia caritatem habete, quae est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3298 vinculum perfectionis</i>. Et ideo fides sine caritate fundamentum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3299 esse non potest, nec tamen oportet quod caritas sit prior fide.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3300 <p title="II-II q. 4 a. 7 ad 5"><a name="39006"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3301 "ref">[39006] IIª-IIae q. 4 a. 7 ad 5</span></a> Ad quintum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3302 dicendum quod actus voluntatis praeexigitur ad fidem, non tamen
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3303 actus voluntatis caritate informatus, sed talis actus praesupponit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3304 fidem, quia non potest voluntas perfecto amore in Deum tendere nisi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3305 intellectus rectam fidem habeat circa ipsum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3306 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3307 <div class="E">Articulus 8</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3308 <p title="II-II q. 4 a. 8 arg. 1"><a name="39007"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3309 "ref">[39007] IIª-IIae q. 4 a. 8 arg. 1</span></a> Ad octavum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3310 sic proceditur. Videtur quod fides non sit certior scientia et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3311 aliis virtutibus intellectualibus. Dubitatio enim opponitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3312 certitudini, unde videtur illud esse certius quod minus potest
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3313 habere de dubitatione; sicut est albius quod est nigro
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3314 impermixtius. Sed intellectus et scientia, et etiam sapientia, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3315 habent dubitationem circa ea quorum sunt, credens autem interdum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3316 potest pati motum dubitationis et dubitare de his quae sunt fidei.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3317 Ergo fides non est certior virtutibus intellectualibus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3318 <p title="II-II q. 4 a. 8 arg. 2"><a name="39008"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3319 "ref">[39008] IIª-IIae q. 4 a. 8 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3320 visio est certior auditu. Sed fides est ex auditu, ut dicitur ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3321 Rom. X, in intellectu autem et scientia et sapientia includitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3322 quaedam intellectualis visio. Ergo certior est scientia vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3323 intellectus quam fides.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3324 <p title="II-II q. 4 a. 8 arg. 3"><a name="39009"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3325 "ref">[39009] IIª-IIae q. 4 a. 8 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3326 quanto aliquid est perfectius in his quae ad intellectum pertinent,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3327 tanto est certius. Sed intellectus est perfectior fide, quia per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3328 fidem ad intellectum pervenitur, secundum illud Isaiae VII, <i>nisi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3329 credideritis, non intelligetis</i>, secundum aliam litteram. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3330 Augustinus dicit etiam de scientia, XIV de Trin., quod per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3331 scientiam roboratur fides. Ergo videtur quod certior sit scientia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3332 vel intellectus quam fides.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3333 <p title="II-II q. 4 a. 8 s. c."><a name="39010"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3334 "ref">[39010] IIª-IIae q. 4 a. 8 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3335 est quod apostolus dicit, I ad Thess. II, <i>cum accepissetis a
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3336 nobis verbum auditus</i>, scilicet per fidem, <i>accepistis illud
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3337 non ut verbum hominum, sed, sicut vere est, verbum Dei</i>. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3338 nihil certius verbo Dei. Ergo scientia non est certior fide, nec
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3339 aliquid aliud.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3340 <p title="II-II q. 4 a. 8 co."><a name="39011"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3341 "ref">[39011] IIª-IIae q. 4 a. 8 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3342 dicendum quod, sicut supra dictum est, virtutum intellectualium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3343 duae sunt circa contingentia, scilicet prudentia et ars. Quibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3344 praefertur fides in certitudine, ratione suae materiae, quia est de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3345 aeternis, quae non contingit aliter se habere. Tres autem reliquae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3346 intellectuales virtutes, scilicet sapientia, scientia et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3347 intellectus, sunt de necessariis, ut supra dictum est. Sed sciendum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3348 est quod sapientia, scientia et intellectus dupliciter dicuntur,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3349 uno modo, secundum quod ponuntur virtutes intellectuales a
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3350 philosopho, in VI Ethic.; alio modo, secundum quod ponuntur dona
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3351 spiritus sancti. Primo igitur modo, dicendum est quod certitudo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3352 potest considerari dupliciter. Uno modo, ex causa certitudinis, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3353 sic dicitur esse certius illud quod habet certiorem causam. Et hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3354 modo fides est certior tribus praedictis, quia fides innititur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3355 veritati divinae, tria autem praedicta innituntur rationi humanae.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3356 Alio modo potest considerari certitudo ex parte subiecti, et sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3357 dicitur esse certius quod plenius consequitur intellectus hominis.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3358 Et per hunc modum, quia ea quae sunt fidei sunt supra intellectum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3359 hominis, non autem ea quae subsunt tribus praedictis, ideo ex hac
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3360 parte fides est minus certa. Sed quia unumquodque iudicatur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3361 simpliciter quidem secundum causam suam; secundum autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3362 dispositionem quae est ex parte subiecti iudicatur secundum quid,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3363 inde est quod fides est simpliciter certior, sed alia sunt certiora
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3364 secundum quid, scilicet quoad nos. Similiter etiam, si accipiantur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3365 tria praedicta secundum quod sunt dona praesentis vitae,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3366 comparantur ad fidem sicut ad principium quod praesupponunt. Unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3367 etiam secundum hoc fides est eis certior.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3368 <p title="II-II q. 4 a. 8 ad 1"><a name="39012"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3369 "ref">[39012] IIª-IIae q. 4 a. 8 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3370 ergo dicendum quod illa dubitatio non est ex parte causae fidei,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3371 sed quoad nos, inquantum non plene assequimur per intellectum ea
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3372 quae sunt fidei.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3373 <p title="II-II q. 4 a. 8 ad 2"><a name="39013"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3374 "ref">[39013] IIª-IIae q. 4 a. 8 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3375 dicendum quod, ceteris paribus, visio est certior auditu. Sed si
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3376 ille a quo auditur multum excedit visum videntis, sic certior est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3377 auditus quam visus. Sicut aliquis parvae scientiae magis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3378 certificatur de eo quod audit ab aliquo scientissimo quam de eo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3379 quod sibi secundum suam rationem videtur. Et multo magis homo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3380 certior est de eo quod audit a Deo, qui falli non potest, quam de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3381 eo quod videt propria ratione, quae falli potest.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3382 <p title="II-II q. 4 a. 8 ad 3"><a name="39014"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3383 "ref">[39014] IIª-IIae q. 4 a. 8 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3384 dicendum quod perfectio intellectus et scientiae excedit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3385 cognitionem fidei quantum ad maiorem manifestationem, non tamen
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3386 quantum ad certiorem inhaesionem. Quia tota certitudo intellectus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3387 vel scientiae secundum quod sunt dona, procedit a certitudine
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3388 fidei, sicut certitudo cognitionis conclusionum procedit ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3389 certitudine principiorum. Secundum autem quod scientia et sapientia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3390 et intellectus sunt virtutes intellectuales, innituntur naturali
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3391 lumini rationis, quod deficit a certitudine verbi Dei, cui
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3392 innititur fides.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3393 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3394 <div class="D">Quaestio 5</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3395 <div class="G">Prooemium</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3396 <p title="II-II q. 5 pr."><a name="39015"><span class="ref">[39015]
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3397 IIª-IIae q. 5 pr.</span></a> Deinde considerandum est de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3398 habentibus fidem. Et circa hoc quaeruntur quatuor. Primo, utrum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3399 Angelus aut homo in prima sui conditione habuerit fidem. Secundo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3400 utrum Daemones habeant fidem. Tertio, utrum haeretici errantes in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3401 uno articulo fidei habeant fidem de aliis articulis. Quarto, utrum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3402 fidem habentium unus alio habeat maiorem fidem.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3403 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3404 <div class="E">Articulus 1</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3405 <p title="II-II q. 5 a. 1 arg. 1"><a name="39016"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3406 "ref">[39016] IIª-IIae q. 5 a. 1 arg. 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3407 sic proceditur. Videtur quod Angelus aut homo in sua prima
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3408 conditione fidem non habuerit. Dicit enim Hugo de sancto Victore,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3409 <i>quia homo oculum contemplationis non habet, Deum et quae in Deo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3410 sunt videre non valet</i>. Sed Angelus in statu primae conditionis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3411 ante confirmationem vel lapsum, habuit oculum contemplationis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3412 videbat enim res in verbo, ut Augustinus dicit, in II super Gen. ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3413 Litt. Et similiter primus homo in statu innocentiae videtur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3414 habuisse oculum contemplationis apertum, dicit enim Hugo de sancto
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3415 Victore, in suis sententiis, quod <i>novit homo, in primo statu,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3416 creatorem suum non ea cognitione quae foris auditu solo percipitur,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3417 sed ea quae intus per inspirationem ministratur, non ea qua Deus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3418 modo a credentibus absens fide quaeritur, sed ea qua per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3419 praesentiam contemplationis manifestius cernebatur</i>. Ergo homo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3420 vel Angelus in statu primae conditionis fidem non habuit.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3421 <p title="II-II q. 5 a. 1 arg. 2"><a name="39017"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3422 "ref">[39017] IIª-IIae q. 5 a. 1 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3423 cognitio fidei est aenigmatica et obscura, secundum illud I ad Cor.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3424 XIII, <i>videmus nunc per speculum in aenigmate</i>. Sed in statu
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3425 primae conditionis non fuit aliqua obscuritas neque in homine neque
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3426 in Angelo, quia tenebrositas est poena peccati. Ergo fides in statu
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3427 primae conditionis esse non potuit neque in homine neque in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3428 Angelo.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3429 <p title="II-II q. 5 a. 1 arg. 3"><a name="39018"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3430 "ref">[39018] IIª-IIae q. 5 a. 1 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3431 apostolus dicit, ad Rom. X, quod <i>fides est ex auditu</i>. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3432 hoc locum non habuit in primo statu angelicae conditionis aut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3433 humanae, non enim erat ibi auditus ab alio. Ergo fides in statu
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3434 illo non erat neque in homine neque in Angelo.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3435 <p title="II-II q. 5 a. 1 s. c."><a name="39019"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3436 "ref">[39019] IIª-IIae q. 5 a. 1 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3437 est quod apostolus dicit, ad Heb. XI, <i>accedentem ad Deum oportet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3438 credere</i>. Sed Angelus et homo in sui prima conditione erant in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3439 statu accedendi ad Deum. Ergo fide indigebant.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3440 <p title="II-II q. 5 a. 1 co."><a name="39020"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3441 "ref">[39020] IIª-IIae q. 5 a. 1 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3442 dicendum quod quidam dicunt quod in Angelis ante confirmationem et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3443 lapsum, et in homine ante peccatum, non fuit fides, propter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3444 manifestam contemplationem quae tunc erat de rebus divinis. Sed cum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3445 fides sit argumentum non apparentium, secundum apostolum; et per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3446 fidem credantur ea quae non videntur, ut Augustinus dicit, illa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3447 sola manifestatio excludit fidei rationem per quam redditur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3448 apparens vel visum id de quo principaliter est fides. Principale
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3449 autem obiectum fidei est veritas prima, cuius visio beatos facit et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3450 fidei succedit. Cum igitur Angelus ante confirmationem, et homo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3451 ante peccatum, non habuit illam beatitudinem qua Deus per essentiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3452 videtur; manifestum est quod non habuit sic manifestam cognitionem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3453 quod excluderetur ratio fidei. Unde quod non habuit fidem, hoc esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3454 non potuit nisi quod penitus ei erat ignotum illud de quo est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3455 fides. Et si homo et Angelus fuerunt creati in puris naturalibus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3456 ut quidam dicunt, forte posset teneri quod fides non fuit in Angelo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3457 ante confirmationem nec in homine ante peccatum, cognitio enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3458 fidei est supra naturalem cognitionem de Deo non solum hominis, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3459 etiam Angeli. Sed quia in primo iam diximus quod homo et Angelus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3460 creati sunt cum dono gratiae, ideo necesse est dicere quod per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3461 gratiam acceptam et nondum consummatam fuerit in eis inchoatio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3462 quaedam speratae beatitudinis, quae quidem inchoatur in voluntate
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3463 per spem et caritatem, sed in intellectu per fidem, ut supra dictum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3464 est. Et ideo necesse est dicere quod Angelus ante confirmationem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3465 habuerat fidem, et similiter homo ante peccatum. Sed tamen
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3466 considerandum est quod in obiecto fidei est aliquid quasi formale,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3467 scilicet veritas prima super omnem naturalem cognitionem creaturae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3468 existens; et aliquid materiale, sicut id cui assentimus inhaerendo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3469 primae veritati. Quantum ergo ad primum horum, communiter fides est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3470 in omnibus habentibus cognitionem de Deo, futura beatitudine nondum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3471 adepta, inhaerendo primae veritati. Sed quantum ad ea quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3472 materialiter credenda proponuntur, quaedam sunt credita ab uno quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3473 sunt manifeste scita ab alio, etiam in statu praesenti, ut supra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3474 dictum est. Et secundum hoc etiam potest dici quod Angelus ante
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3475 confirmationem et homo ante peccatum quaedam de divinis mysteriis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3476 manifesta cognitione cognoverunt quae nunc non possumus cognoscere
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3477 nisi credendo.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3478 <p title="II-II q. 5 a. 1 ad 1"><a name="39021"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3479 "ref">[39021] IIª-IIae q. 5 a. 1 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3480 ergo dicendum quod, quamvis dicta Hugonis de sancto Victore
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3481 magistralia sint et robur auctoritatis non habeant, tamen potest
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3482 dici quod contemplatio quae tollit necessitatem fidei est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3483 contemplatio patriae, qua supernaturalis veritas per essentiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3484 videtur. Hanc autem contemplationem non habuit Angelus ante
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3485 confirmationem nec homo ante peccatum. Sed eorum contemplatio erat
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3486 altior quam nostra, per quam, magis de propinquo accedentes ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3487 Deum, plura manifeste cognoscere poterant de divinis effectibus et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3488 mysteriis quam nos possumus. Unde non inerat eis fides qua ita
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3489 quaereretur Deus absens sicut a nobis quaeritur. Erat enim eis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3490 magis praesens per lumen sapientiae quam sit nobis, licet nec eis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3491 esset ita praesens sicut est beatis per lumen gloriae.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3492 <p title="II-II q. 5 a. 1 ad 2"><a name="39022"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3493 "ref">[39022] IIª-IIae q. 5 a. 1 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3494 dicendum quod in statu primae conditionis hominis vel Angeli non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3495 erat obscuritas culpae vel poenae. Inerat tamen intellectui hominis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3496 et Angeli quaedam obscuritas naturalis, secundum quod omnis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3497 creatura tenebra est comparata immensitati divini luminis. Et talis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3498 obscuritas sufficit ad fidei rationem.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3499 <p title="II-II q. 5 a. 1 ad 3"><a name="39023"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3500 "ref">[39023] IIª-IIae q. 5 a. 1 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3501 dicendum quod in statu primae conditionis non erat auditus ab
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3502 homine exterius loquente, sed a Deo interius inspirante, sicut et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3503 prophetae audiebant, secundum illud Psalm., <i>audiam quid loquatur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3504 in me dominus Deus</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3505 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3506 <div class="E">Articulus 2</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3507 <p title="II-II q. 5 a. 2 arg. 1"><a name="39024"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3508 "ref">[39024] IIª-IIae q. 5 a. 2 arg. 1</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3509 sic proceditur. Videtur quod in Daemonibus non sit fides. Dicit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3510 enim Augustinus, in libro de Praed. Sanct., quod <i>fides consistit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3511 in credentium voluntate</i>. Haec autem voluntas bona est qua quis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3512 vult credere Deo. Cum igitur in Daemonibus non sit aliqua voluntas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3513 deliberata bona, ut in primo dictum est, videtur quod in Daemonibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3514 non sit fides.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3515 <p title="II-II q. 5 a. 2 arg. 2"><a name="39025"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3516 "ref">[39025] IIª-IIae q. 5 a. 2 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3517 fides est quoddam donum divinae gratiae, secundum illud Ephes. II,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3518 <i>gratia estis salvati per fidem, donum enim Dei est</i>. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3519 Daemones dona gratuita amiserunt per peccatum, ut dicitur in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3520 Glossa, super illud Osee III, <i>ipsi respiciunt ad deos alienos,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3521 et diligunt vinacia uvarum</i>. Ergo fides in Daemonibus post
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3522 peccatum non remansit.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3523 <p title="II-II q. 5 a. 2 arg. 3"><a name="39026"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3524 "ref">[39026] IIª-IIae q. 5 a. 2 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3525 infidelitas videtur esse gravius inter peccata, ut patet per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3526 Augustinum, super illud Ioan. XV, <i>si non venissem, et locutus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3527 eis non fuissem, peccatum non haberent, nunc autem excusationem non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3528 habent de peccato suo</i>. Sed in quibusdam hominibus est peccatum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3529 infidelitatis. Si igitur fides esset in Daemonibus, aliquorum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3530 hominum peccatum esset gravius peccato Daemonum. Quod videtur esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3531 inconveniens. Non ergo fides est in Daemonibus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3532 <p title="II-II q. 5 a. 2 s. c."><a name="39027"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3533 "ref">[39027] IIª-IIae q. 5 a. 2 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3534 est quod dicitur Iac. II, <i>Daemones credunt et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3535 contremiscunt</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3536 <p title="II-II q. 5 a. 2 co."><a name="39028"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3537 "ref">[39028] IIª-IIae q. 5 a. 2 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3538 dicendum quod, sicut supra dictum est, intellectus credentis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3539 assentit rei creditae non quia ipsam videat vel secundum se vel per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3540 resolutionem ad prima principia per se visa, sed propter imperium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3541 voluntatis. Quod autem voluntas moveat intellectum ad assentiendum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3542 potest contingere ex duobus. Uno modo, ex ordine voluntatis ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3543 bonum, et sic credere est actus laudabilis. Alio modo, quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3544 intellectus convincitur ad hoc quod iudicet esse credendum his quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3545 dicuntur, licet non convincatur per evidentiam rei. Sicut si
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3546 aliquis propheta praenuntiaret in sermone domini aliquid futurum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3547 et adhiberet signum mortuum suscitando, ex hoc signo convinceretur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3548 intellectus videntis ut cognosceret manifeste hoc dici a Deo, qui
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3549 non mentitur; licet illud futurum quod praedicitur in se evidens
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3550 non esset, unde ratio fidei non tolleretur. Dicendum est ergo quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3551 in fidelibus Christi laudatur fides secundum primum modum. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3552 secundum hoc non est in Daemonibus, sed solum secundo modo. Vident
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3553 enim multa manifesta indicia ex quibus percipiunt doctrinam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3554 Ecclesiae esse a Deo; quamvis ipsi res ipsas quas Ecclesia docet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3555 non videant, puta Deum esse trinum et unum, vel aliquid
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3556 huiusmodi.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3557 <p title="II-II q. 5 a. 2 ad 1"><a name="39029"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3558 "ref">[39029] IIª-IIae q. 5 a. 2 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3559 ergo dicendum quod Daemonum fides est quodammodo coacta ex signorum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3560 evidentia. Et ideo non pertinet ad laudem voluntatis ipsorum quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3561 credunt.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3562 <p title="II-II q. 5 a. 2 ad 2"><a name="39030"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3563 "ref">[39030] IIª-IIae q. 5 a. 2 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3564 dicendum quod fides quae est donum gratiae inclinat hominem ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3565 credendum secundum aliquem affectum boni, etiam si sit informis.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3566 Unde fides quae est in Daemonibus non est donum gratiae; sed magis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3567 coguntur ad credendum ex perspicacitate naturalis intellectus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3568 <p title="II-II q. 5 a. 2 ad 3"><a name="39031"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3569 "ref">[39031] IIª-IIae q. 5 a. 2 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3570 dicendum quod hoc ipsum Daemonibus displicet quod signa fidei sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3571 tam evidentia ut per ea credere compellantur. Et ideo in nullo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3572 malitia eorum minuitur per hoc quod credunt.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3573 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3574 <div class="E">Articulus 3</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3575 <p title="II-II q. 5 a. 3 arg. 1"><a name="39032"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3576 "ref">[39032] IIª-IIae q. 5 a. 3 arg. 1</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3577 sic proceditur. Videtur quod haereticus qui discredit unum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3578 articulum fidei possit habere fidem informem de aliis articulis.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3579 Non enim intellectus naturalis haeretici est potentior quam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3580 intellectus Catholici. Sed intellectus Catholici indiget adiuvari,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3581 ad credendum quemcumque articulum fidei, dono fidei. Ergo videtur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3582 quod nec haeretici aliquos articulos credere possint sine dono
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3583 fidei informis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3584 <p title="II-II q. 5 a. 3 arg. 2"><a name="39033"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3585 "ref">[39033] IIª-IIae q. 5 a. 3 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3586 sicut sub fide continentur multi articuli fidei, ita sub una
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3587 scientia, puta geometria, continentur multae conclusiones. Sed homo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3588 aliquis potest habere scientiam geometriae circa quasdam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3589 geometricas conclusiones, aliis ignoratis. Ergo homo aliquis potest
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3590 habere fidem de aliquibus articulis fidei, alios non credendo.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3591 <p title="II-II q. 5 a. 3 arg. 3"><a name="39034"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3592 "ref">[39034] IIª-IIae q. 5 a. 3 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3593 sicut homo obedit Deo ad credendum articulos fidei, ita etiam ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3594 servanda mandata legis. Sed homo potest esse obediens circa quaedam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3595 mandata et non circa alia. Ergo potest habere fidem circa quosdam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3596 articulos et non circa alios.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3597 <p title="II-II q. 5 a. 3 s. c."><a name="39035"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3598 "ref">[39035] IIª-IIae q. 5 a. 3 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3599 sicut peccatum mortale contrariatur caritati, ita discredere unum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3600 articulum contrariatur fidei. Sed caritas non remanet in homine
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3601 post unum peccatum mortale. Ergo neque fides postquam discredit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3602 unum articulum fidei.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3603 <p title="II-II q. 5 a. 3 co."><a name="39036"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3604 "ref">[39036] IIª-IIae q. 5 a. 3 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3605 dicendum quod haereticus qui discredit unum articulum fidei non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3606 habet habitum fidei neque formatae neque informis. Cuius ratio est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3607 quia species cuiuslibet habitus dependet ex formali ratione
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3608 obiecti, qua sublata, species habitus remanere non potest. Formale
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3609 autem obiectum fidei est veritas prima secundum quod manifestatur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3610 in Scripturis sacris et doctrina Ecclesiae. Unde quicumque non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3611 inhaeret, sicut infallibili et divinae regulae, doctrinae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3612 Ecclesiae, quae procedit ex veritate prima in Scripturis sacris
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3613 manifestata, ille non habet habitum fidei, sed ea quae sunt fidei
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3614 alio modo tenet quam per fidem. Sicut si aliquis teneat mente
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3615 aliquam conclusionem non cognoscens medium illius demonstrationis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3616 manifestum est quod non habet eius scientiam, sed opinionem solum.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3617 Manifestum est autem quod ille qui inhaeret doctrinae Ecclesiae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3618 tanquam infallibili regulae, omnibus assentit quae Ecclesia docet.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3619 Alioquin, si de his quae Ecclesia docet quae vult tenet et quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3620 vult non tenet, non iam inhaeret Ecclesiae doctrinae sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3621 infallibili regulae, sed propriae voluntati. Et sic manifestum est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3622 quod haereticus qui pertinaciter discredit unum articulum non est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3623 paratus sequi in omnibus doctrinam Ecclesiae (si enim non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3624 pertinaciter, iam non est haereticus, sed solum errans). Unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3625 manifestum est quod talis haereticus circa unum articulum fidem non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3626 habet de aliis articulis, sed opinionem quandam secundum propriam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3627 voluntatem.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3628 <p title="II-II q. 5 a. 3 ad 1"><a name="39037"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3629 "ref">[39037] IIª-IIae q. 5 a. 3 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3630 ergo dicendum quod alios articulos fidei, de quibus haereticus non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3631 errat, non tenet eo modo sicut tenet eos fidelis, scilicet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3632 simpliciter inhaerendo primae veritati, ad quod indiget homo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3633 adiuvari per habitum fidei, sed tenet ea quae sunt fidei propria
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3634 voluntate et iudicio.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3635 <p title="II-II q. 5 a. 3 ad 2"><a name="39038"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3636 "ref">[39038] IIª-IIae q. 5 a. 3 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3637 dicendum quod in diversis conclusionibus unius scientiae sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3638 diversa media per quae probantur, quorum unum potest cognosci sine
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3639 alio. Et ideo homo potest scire quasdam conclusiones unius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3640 scientiae, ignoratis aliis. Sed omnibus articulis fidei inhaeret
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3641 fides propter unum medium, scilicet propter veritatem primam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3642 propositam nobis in Scripturis secundum doctrinam Ecclesiae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3643 intellectis sane. Et ideo qui ab hoc medio decidit totaliter fide
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3644 caret.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3645 <p title="II-II q. 5 a. 3 ad 3"><a name="39039"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3646 "ref">[39039] IIª-IIae q. 5 a. 3 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3647 dicendum quod diversa praecepta legis possunt referri vel ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3648 diversa motiva proxima, et sic unum sine alio servari potest. Vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3649 ad unum motivum primum, quod est perfecte obedire Deo, a quo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3650 decidit quicumque unum praeceptum transgreditur, secundum illud
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3651 Iac. II, <i>qui offendit in uno factus est omnium reus</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3652 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3653 <div class="E">Articulus 4</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3654 <p title="II-II q. 5 a. 4 arg. 1"><a name="39040"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3655 "ref">[39040] IIª-IIae q. 5 a. 4 arg. 1</span></a> Ad quartum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3656 sic proceditur. Videtur quod fides non possit esse maior in uno
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3657 quam in alio. Quantitas enim habitus attenditur secundum obiecta.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3658 Sed quicumque habet fidem credit omnia quae sunt fidei, quia qui
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3659 deficit ab uno totaliter amittit fidem, ut supra dictum est. Ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3660 videtur quod fides non possit esse maior in uno quam in alio.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3661 <p title="II-II q. 5 a. 4 arg. 2"><a name="39041"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3662 "ref">[39041] IIª-IIae q. 5 a. 4 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3663 ea quae sunt in summo non recipiunt magis neque minus. Sed ratio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3664 fidei est in summo, requiritur enim ad fidem quod homo inhaereat
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3665 primae veritati super omnia. Ergo fides non recipit magis et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3666 minus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3667 <p title="II-II q. 5 a. 4 arg. 3"><a name="39042"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3668 "ref">[39042] IIª-IIae q. 5 a. 4 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3669 ita se habet fides in cognitione gratuita sicut intellectus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3670 principiorum in cognitione naturali, eo quod articuli fidei sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3671 prima principia gratuitae cognitionis, ut ex dictis patet. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3672 intellectus principiorum aequaliter invenitur in omnibus hominibus.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3673 Ergo et fides aequaliter invenitur in omnibus fidelibus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3674 <p title="II-II q. 5 a. 4 s. c."><a name="39043"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3675 "ref">[39043] IIª-IIae q. 5 a. 4 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3676 ubicumque invenitur parvum et magnum, ibi invenitur maius et minus.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3677 Sed in fide invenitur magnum et parvum, dicit enim dominus Petro,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3678 Matth. XIV, <i>modicae fidei, quare dubitasti?</i> Et mulieri
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3679 dixit, Matth. XV, <i>mulier, magna est fides tua</i>. Ergo fides
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3680 potest esse maior in uno quam in alio.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3681 <p title="II-II q. 5 a. 4 co."><a name="39044"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3682 "ref">[39044] IIª-IIae q. 5 a. 4 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3683 dicendum quod, sicut supra dictum est, quantitas habitus ex duobus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3684 attendi potest, uno modo, ex obiecto; alio modo, secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3685 participationem subiecti. Obiectum autem fidei potest dupliciter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3686 considerari, uno modo, secundum formalem rationem; alio modo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3687 secundum ea quae materialiter credenda proponuntur. Formale autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3688 obiectum fidei est unum et simplex scilicet veritas prima, ut supra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3689 dictum est. Unde ex hac parte fides non diversificatur in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3690 credentibus, sed est una specie in omnibus, ut supra dictum est.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3691 Sed ea quae materialiter credenda proponuntur sunt plura, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3692 possunt accipi vel magis vel minus explicite. Et secundum hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3693 potest unus homo plura explicite credere quam alius. Et sic in uno
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3694 potest esse maior fides secundum maiorem fidei explicationem. Si
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3695 vero consideretur fides secundum participationem subiecti, hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3696 contingit dupliciter. Nam actus fidei procedit et ex intellectu et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3697 ex voluntate, ut supra dictum est. Potest ergo fides in aliquo dici
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3698 maior uno modo ex parte intellectus, propter maiorem certitudinem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3699 et firmitatem, alio modo ex parte voluntatis, propter maiorem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3700 promptitudinem seu devotionem vel confidentiam.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3701 <p title="II-II q. 5 a. 4 ad 1"><a name="39045"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3702 "ref">[39045] IIª-IIae q. 5 a. 4 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3703 ergo dicendum quod ille qui pertinaciter discredit aliquid eorum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3704 quae sub fide continentur non habet habitum fidei, quem tamen habet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3705 ille qui non explicite omnia credit, sed paratus est omnia credere.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3706 Et secundum hoc ex parte obiecti unus habet maiorem fidem quam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3707 alius, inquantum plura explicite credit, ut dictum est.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3708 <p title="II-II q. 5 a. 4 ad 2"><a name="39046"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3709 "ref">[39046] IIª-IIae q. 5 a. 4 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3710 dicendum quod de ratione fidei est ut veritas prima omnibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3711 praeferatur. Sed tamen eorum qui eam omnibus praeferunt quidam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3712 certius et devotius se ei subiiciunt quam alii. Et secundum hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3713 fides est maior in uno quam in alio.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3714 <p title="II-II q. 5 a. 4 ad 3"><a name="39047"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3715 "ref">[39047] IIª-IIae q. 5 a. 4 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3716 dicendum quod intellectus principiorum consequitur ipsam naturam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3717 humanam, quae aequaliter in omnibus invenitur. Sed fides
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3718 consequitur donum gratiae, quod non est aequaliter in omnibus, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3719 supra dictum est. Unde non est eadem ratio. Et tamen secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3720 maiorem capacitatem intellectus, unus magis cognoscit virtutem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3721 principiorum quam alius.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3722 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3723 <div class="D">Quaestio 6</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3724 <div class="G">Prooemium</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3725 <p title="II-II q. 6 pr."><a name="39048"><span class="ref">[39048]
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3726 IIª-IIae q. 6 pr.</span></a> Deinde considerandum est de causa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3727 fidei. Et circa hoc quaeruntur duo. Primo, utrum fides sit homini
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3728 infusa a Deo. Secundo, utrum fides informis sit donum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3729 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3730 <div class="E">Articulus 1</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3731 <p title="II-II q. 6 a. 1 arg. 1"><a name="39049"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3732 "ref">[39049] IIª-IIae q. 6 a. 1 arg. 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3733 sic proceditur. Videtur quod fides non sit homini infusa a Deo.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3734 Dicit enim Augustinus, XIV de Trin., quod <i>per scientiam gignitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3735 in nobis fides, nutritur, defenditur et roboratur</i>. Sed ea quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3736 per scientiam in nobis gignuntur magis videntur acquisita esse quam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3737 infusa. Ergo fides non videtur in nobis esse ex infusione
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3738 divina.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3739 <p title="II-II q. 6 a. 1 arg. 2"><a name="39050"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3740 "ref">[39050] IIª-IIae q. 6 a. 1 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3741 illud ad quod homo pertingit audiendo et videndo videtur esse ab
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3742 homine acquisitum. Sed homo pertingit ad credendum et videndo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3743 miracula et audiendo fidei doctrinam, dicitur enim Ioan. IV,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3744 <i>cognovit pater quia illa hora erat in qua dixit ei Iesus, filius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3745 tuus vivit, et credidit ipse et domus eius tota</i>; et Rom. X
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3746 dicitur quod <i>fides est ex auditu</i>. Ergo fides habetur ab
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3747 homine tanquam acquisita.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3748 <p title="II-II q. 6 a. 1 arg. 3"><a name="39051"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3749 "ref">[39051] IIª-IIae q. 6 a. 1 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3750 illud quod consistit in hominis voluntate ab homine potest acquiri.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3751 Sed fides consistit in credentium voluntate, ut Augustinus dicit,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3752 in libro de Praed. Sanct. Ergo fides potest esse ab homine
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3753 acquisita.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3754 <p title="II-II q. 6 a. 1 s. c."><a name="39052"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3755 "ref">[39052] IIª-IIae q. 6 a. 1 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3756 est quod dicitur ad Ephes. II, <i>gratia estis salvati per fidem,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3757 et non ex vobis, ne quis glorietur, Dei enim donum est</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3758 <p title="II-II q. 6 a. 1 co."><a name="39053"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3759 "ref">[39053] IIª-IIae q. 6 a. 1 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3760 dicendum quod ad fidem duo requiruntur. Quorum unum est ut homini
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3761 credibilia proponantur, quod requiritur ad hoc quod homo aliquid
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3762 explicite credat. Aliud autem quod ad fidem requiritur est assensus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3763 credentis ad ea quae proponuntur. Quantum igitur ad primum horum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3764 necesse est quod fides sit a Deo. Ea enim quae sunt fidei excedunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3765 rationem humanam, unde non cadunt in contemplatione hominis nisi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3766 Deo revelante. Sed quibusdam quidem revelantur immediate a Deo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3767 sicut sunt revelata apostolis et prophetis, quibusdam autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3768 proponuntur a Deo mittente fidei praedicatores, secundum illud Rom.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3769 X, <i>quomodo praedicabunt nisi mittantur?</i> Quantum vero ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3770 secundum, scilicet ad assensum hominis in ea quae sunt fidei,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3771 potest considerari duplex causa. Una quidem exterius inducens,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3772 sicut miraculum visum, vel persuasio hominis inducentis ad fidem.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3773 Quorum neutrum est sufficiens causa, videntium enim unum et idem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3774 miraculum, et audientium eandem praedicationem, quidam credunt et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3775 quidam non credunt. Et ideo oportet ponere aliam causam interiorem,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3776 quae movet hominem interius ad assentiendum his quae sunt fidei.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3777 Hanc autem causam Pelagiani ponebant solum liberum arbitrium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3778 hominis, et propter hoc dicebant quod initium fidei est ex nobis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3779 inquantum scilicet ex nobis est quod parati sumus ad assentiendum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3780 his quae sunt fidei; sed consummatio fidei est a Deo, per quem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3781 nobis proponuntur ea quae credere debemus. Sed hoc est falsum. Quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3782 cum homo, assentiendo his quae sunt fidei, elevetur supra naturam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3783 suam, oportet quod hoc insit ei ex supernaturali principio interius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3784 movente, quod est Deus. Et ideo fides quantum ad assensum, qui est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3785 principalis actus fidei, est a Deo interius movente per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3786 gratiam.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3787 <p title="II-II q. 6 a. 1 ad 1"><a name="39054"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3788 "ref">[39054] IIª-IIae q. 6 a. 1 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3789 ergo dicendum quod per scientiam gignitur fides et nutritur per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3790 modum exterioris persuasionis, quae fit ab aliqua scientia. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3791 principalis et propria causa fidei est id quod interius movet ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3792 assentiendum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3793 <p title="II-II q. 6 a. 1 ad 2"><a name="39055"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3794 "ref">[39055] IIª-IIae q. 6 a. 1 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3795 dicendum quod etiam ratio illa procedit de causa proponente
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3796 exterius ea quae sunt fidei, vel persuadente ad credendum vel verbo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3797 vel facto.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3798 <p title="II-II q. 6 a. 1 ad 3"><a name="39056"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3799 "ref">[39056] IIª-IIae q. 6 a. 1 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3800 dicendum quod credere quidem in voluntate credentium consistit, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3801 oportet quod voluntas hominis praeparetur a Deo per gratiam ad hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3802 quod elevetur in ea quae sunt supra naturam, ut supra dictum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3803 est.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3804 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3805 <div class="E">Articulus 2</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3806 <p title="II-II q. 6 a. 2 arg. 1"><a name="39057"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3807 "ref">[39057] IIª-IIae q. 6 a. 2 arg. 1</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3808 sic proceditur. Videtur quod fides informis non sit donum Dei.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3809 Dicitur enim Deut. XXXII, quod Dei perfecta sunt opera. Fides autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3810 informis est quiddam imperfectum. Ergo fides informis non est opus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3811 Dei.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3812 <p title="II-II q. 6 a. 2 arg. 2"><a name="39058"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3813 "ref">[39058] IIª-IIae q. 6 a. 2 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3814 sicut actus dicitur deformis propter hoc quod caret debita forma,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3815 ita etiam fides dicitur informis propter hoc quod caret debita
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3816 forma. Sed actus deformis peccati non est a Deo, ut supra dictum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3817 est. Ergo neque etiam fides informis est a Deo.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3818 <p title="II-II q. 6 a. 2 arg. 3"><a name="39059"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3819 "ref">[39059] IIª-IIae q. 6 a. 2 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3820 quaecumque Deus sanat totaliter sanat, dicitur enim Ioan. VII,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3821 <i>si circumcisionem accipit homo in sabbato ut non solvatur lex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3822 Moysi, mihi indignamini quia totum hominem salvum feci in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3823 sabbato</i>. Sed per fidem homo sanatur ab infidelitate. Quicumque
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3824 ergo donum fidei a Deo accipit simul sanatur ab omnibus peccatis.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3825 Sed hoc non fit nisi per fidem formatam. Ergo sola fides formata
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3826 est donum Dei. Non ergo fides informis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3827 <p title="II-II q. 6 a. 2 s. c."><a name="39060"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3828 "ref">[39060] IIª-IIae q. 6 a. 2 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3829 est quod quaedam Glossa dicit, I ad Cor. XIII, quod <i>fides quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3830 est sine caritate est donum Dei</i>. Sed fides quae est sine
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3831 caritate est fides informis. Ergo fides informis est donum Dei.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3832 <p title="II-II q. 6 a. 2 co."><a name="39061"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3833 "ref">[39061] IIª-IIae q. 6 a. 2 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3834 dicendum quod informitas privatio quaedam est. Est autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3835 considerandum quod privatio quandoque quidem pertinet ad rationem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3836 speciei, quandoque autem non, sed supervenit rei iam habenti
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3837 propriam speciem. Sicut privatio debitae commensurationis humorum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3838 est de ratione speciei ipsius aegritudinis, tenebrositas autem non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3839 est de ratione speciei ipsius diaphani, sed supervenit. Quia igitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3840 cum assignatur causa alicuius rei, intelligitur assignari causa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3841 eius secundum quod in propria specie existit, ideo quod non est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3842 causa privationis non potest dici esse causa illius rei ad quam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3843 pertinet privatio sicut existens de ratione speciei ipsius, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3844 enim potest dici causa aegritudinis quod non est causa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3845 distemperantiae humorum. Potest tamen aliquid dici esse causa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3846 diaphani quamvis non sit causa obscuritatis, quae non est de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3847 ratione speciei diaphani. Informitas autem fidei non pertinet ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3848 rationem speciei ipsius fidei, cum fides dicatur informis propter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3849 defectum cuiusdam exterioris formae, sicut dictum est. Et ideo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3850 illud est causa fidei informis quod est causa fidei simpliciter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3851 dictae. Hoc autem est Deus, ut dictum est. Unde relinquitur quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3852 fides informis sit donum Dei.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3853 <p title="II-II q. 6 a. 2 ad 1"><a name="39062"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3854 "ref">[39062] IIª-IIae q. 6 a. 2 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3855 ergo dicendum quod fides informis, etsi non sit perfecta
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3856 simpliciter perfectione virtutis, est tamen perfecta quadam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3857 perfectione quae sufficit ad fidei rationem.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3858 <p title="II-II q. 6 a. 2 ad 2"><a name="39063"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3859 "ref">[39063] IIª-IIae q. 6 a. 2 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3860 dicendum quod deformitas actus est de ratione speciei ipsius actus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3861 secundum quod est actus moralis, ut supra dictum est, dicitur enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3862 actus deformis per privationem formae intrinsecae, quae est debita
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3863 commensuratio circumstantiarum actus. Et ideo non potest dici causa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3864 actus deformis Deus, qui non est causa deformitatis, licet sit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3865 causa actus inquantum est actus. Vel dicendum quod deformitas non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3866 solum importat privationem debitae formae, sed etiam contrariam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3867 dispositionem. Unde deformitas se habet ad actum sicut falsitas ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3868 fidem. Et ideo sicut actus deformis non est a Deo, ita nec aliqua
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3869 fides falsa. Et sicut fides informis est a Deo, ita etiam actus qui
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3870 sunt boni ex genere, quamvis non sint caritate formati, sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3871 plerumque in peccatoribus contingit.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3872 <p title="II-II q. 6 a. 2 ad 3"><a name="39064"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3873 "ref">[39064] IIª-IIae q. 6 a. 2 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3874 dicendum quod ille qui accipit a Deo fidem absque caritate non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3875 simpliciter sanatur ab infidelitate, quia non removetur culpa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3876 praecedentis infidelitatis, sed sanatur secundum quid, ut scilicet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3877 cesset a tali peccato. Hoc autem frequenter contingit, quod aliquis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3878 desistit ab uno actu peccati, etiam Deo hoc faciente, qui tamen ab
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3879 actu alterius peccati non desistit, propria iniquitate suggerente.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3880 Et per hunc modum datur aliquando a Deo homini quod credat, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3881 tamen datur ei caritatis donum, sicut etiam aliquibus absque
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3882 caritate datur donum prophetiae vel aliquid simile.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3883 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3884 <div class="D">Quaestio 7</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3885 <div class="G">Prooemium</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3886 <p title="II-II q. 7 pr."><a name="39065"><span class="ref">[39065]
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3887 IIª-IIae q. 7 pr.</span></a> Deinde considerandum est de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3888 effectibus fidei. Et circa hoc quaeruntur duo. Primo, utrum timor
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3889 sit effectus fidei. Secundo, utrum purificatio cordis sit effectus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3890 fidei.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3891 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3892 <div class="E">Articulus 1</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3893 <p title="II-II q. 7 a. 1 arg. 1"><a name="39066"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3894 "ref">[39066] IIª-IIae q. 7 a. 1 arg. 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3895 sic proceditur. Videtur quod timor non sit effectus fidei. Effectus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3896 enim non praecedit causam. Sed timor praecedit fidem, dicitur enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3897 Eccli. II, <i>qui timetis Deum, credite illi</i>. Ergo timor non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3898 est effectus fidei.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3899 <p title="II-II q. 7 a. 1 arg. 2"><a name="39067"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3900 "ref">[39067] IIª-IIae q. 7 a. 1 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3901 idem non est causa contrariorum. Sed timor et spes sunt contraria,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3902 ut supra dictum est, fides autem generat spem, ut dicitur in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3903 Glossa, Matth. I. Ergo non est causa timoris.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3904 <p title="II-II q. 7 a. 1 arg. 3"><a name="39068"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3905 "ref">[39068] IIª-IIae q. 7 a. 1 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3906 contrarium non est causa contrarii. Sed obiectum fidei est quoddam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3907 bonum, quod est veritas prima, obiectum autem timoris est malum, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3908 supra dictum est. Actus autem habent speciem ex obiectis, secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3909 supradicta. Ergo fides non est causa timoris.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3910 <p title="II-II q. 7 a. 1 s. c."><a name="39069"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3911 "ref">[39069] IIª-IIae q. 7 a. 1 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3912 est quod dicitur Iac. II, <i>Daemones credunt et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3913 contremiscunt</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3914 <p title="II-II q. 7 a. 1 co."><a name="39070"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3915 "ref">[39070] IIª-IIae q. 7 a. 1 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3916 dicendum quod timor est quidam motus appetitivae virtutis, ut supra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3917 dictum est. Omnium autem appetitivorum motuum principium est bonum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3918 vel malum apprehensum. Unde oportet quod timoris et omnium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3919 appetitivorum motuum sit principium aliqua apprehensio. Per fidem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3920 autem fit in nobis quaedam apprehensio de quibusdam malis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3921 poenalibus quae secundum divinum iudicium inferuntur, et per hunc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3922 modum fides est causa timoris quo quis timet a Deo puniri, qui est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3923 timor servilis. Est etiam causa timoris filialis, quo quis timet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3924 separari a Deo, vel quo quis refugit se Deo comparare reverendo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3925 ipsum; inquantum per fidem hanc existimationem habemus de Deo, quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3926 sit quoddam immensum et altissimum bonum, a quo separari est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3927 pessimum et cui velle aequari est malum. Sed primi timoris,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3928 scilicet servilis, est causa fides informis. Sed secundi timoris,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3929 scilicet filialis, est causa fides formata, quae per caritatem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3930 facit hominem Deo inhaerere et ei subiici.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3931 <p title="II-II q. 7 a. 1 ad 1"><a name="39071"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3932 "ref">[39071] IIª-IIae q. 7 a. 1 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3933 ergo dicendum quod timor Dei non potest universaliter praecedere
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3934 fidem, quia si omnino eius ignorantiam haberemus quantum ad praemia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3935 vel poenas de quibus per fidem instruimur, nullo modo eum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3936 timeremus. Sed supposita fide de aliquibus articulis fidei, puta de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3937 excellentia divina, sequitur timor reverentiae, ex quo sequitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3938 ulterius ut homo intellectum suum Deo subiiciat ad credendum omnia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3939 quae sunt promissa a Deo. Unde ibi sequitur, <i>et non evacuabitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3940 merces vestra</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3941 <p title="II-II q. 7 a. 1 ad 2"><a name="39072"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3942 "ref">[39072] IIª-IIae q. 7 a. 1 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3943 dicendum quod idem secundum contraria potest esse contrariorum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3944 causa, non autem idem secundum idem. Fides autem generat spem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3945 secundum quod facit nobis existimationem de praemiis quae Deus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3946 retribuit iustis. Est autem causa timoris secundum quod facit nobis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3947 aestimationem de poenis quas peccatoribus infliget.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3948 <p title="II-II q. 7 a. 1 ad 3"><a name="39073"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3949 "ref">[39073] IIª-IIae q. 7 a. 1 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3950 dicendum quod obiectum fidei primum et formale est bonum quod est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3951 veritas prima. Sed materialiter fidei proponuntur credenda etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3952 quaedam mala, puta quod malum sit Deo non subiici vel ab eo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3953 separari, et quod peccatores poenalia mala sustinebunt a Deo. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3954 secundum hoc fides potest esse causa timoris.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3955 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3956 <div class="E">Articulus 2</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3957 <p title="II-II q. 7 a. 2 arg. 1"><a name="39074"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3958 "ref">[39074] IIª-IIae q. 7 a. 2 arg. 1</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3959 sic proceditur. Videtur quod purificatio cordis non sit effectus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3960 fidei. Puritas enim cordis praecipue in affectu consistit. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3961 fides in intellectu est. Ergo fides non causat cordis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3962 purificationem.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3963 <p title="II-II q. 7 a. 2 arg. 2"><a name="39075"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3964 "ref">[39075] IIª-IIae q. 7 a. 2 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3965 illud quod causat cordis purificationem non potest simul esse cum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3966 impuritate. Sed fides simul potest esse cum impuritate peccati,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3967 sicut patet in illis qui habent fidem informem. Ergo fides non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3968 purificat cor.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3969 <p title="II-II q. 7 a. 2 arg. 3"><a name="39076"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3970 "ref">[39076] IIª-IIae q. 7 a. 2 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3971 si fides aliquo modo purificaret cor humanum, maxime purificaret
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3972 hominis intellectum. Sed intellectum non purificat ab obscuritate,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3973 cum sit cognitio aenigmatica. Ergo fides nullo modo purificat
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3974 cor.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3975 <p title="II-II q. 7 a. 2 s. c."><a name="39077"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3976 "ref">[39077] IIª-IIae q. 7 a. 2 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3977 est quod dicit Petrus, Act. XV, <i>fide purificans corda
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3978 eorum</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3979 <p title="II-II q. 7 a. 2 co."><a name="39078"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3980 "ref">[39078] IIª-IIae q. 7 a. 2 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3981 dicendum quod impuritas uniuscuiusque rei consistit in hoc quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3982 rebus vilioribus immiscetur, non enim dicitur argentum esse impurum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3983 ex permixtione auri, per quam melius redditur, sed ex permixtione
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3984 plumbi vel stanni. Manifestum est autem quod rationalis creatura
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3985 dignior est omnibus temporalibus et corporalibus creaturis. Et ideo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3986 impura redditur ex hoc quod temporalibus se subiicit per amorem. A
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3987 qua quidem impuritate purificatur per contrarium motum, dum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3988 scilicet tendit in id quod est supra se, scilicet in Deum. In quo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3989 quidem motu primum principium est fides, <i>accedentem enim ad Deum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3990 oportet credere</i>, ut dicitur Heb. XI. Et ideo primum principium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3991 purificationis cordis est fides, quae si perficiatur per caritatem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3992 formatam, perfectam purificationem causat.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3993 <p title="II-II q. 7 a. 2 ad 1"><a name="39079"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3994 "ref">[39079] IIª-IIae q. 7 a. 2 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3995 ergo dicendum quod ea quae sunt in intellectu sunt principia eorum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3996 quae sunt in affectu, inquantum scilicet bonum intellectum movet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3997 affectum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3998 <p title="II-II q. 7 a. 2 ad 2"><a name="39080"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3999 "ref">[39080] IIª-IIae q. 7 a. 2 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4000 dicendum quod fides etiam informis excludit quandam impuritatem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4001 sibi oppositam, scilicet impuritatem erroris, quae contingit ex hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4002 quod intellectus humanus inordinate inhaeret rebus se inferioribus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4003 dum scilicet vult secundum rationes rerum sensibilium metiri
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4004 divina. Sed quando per caritatem formatur, tunc nullam impuritatem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4005 secum compatitur, <i>quia universa delicta operit caritas</i>, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4006 dicitur Prov. X.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4007 <p title="II-II q. 7 a. 2 ad 3"><a name="39081"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4008 "ref">[39081] IIª-IIae q. 7 a. 2 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4009 dicendum quod obscuritas fidei non pertinet ad impuritatem culpae,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4010 sed magis ad naturalem defectum intellectus humani, secundum statum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4011 praesentis vitae.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4012 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4013 <div class="D">Quaestio 8</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4014 <div class="G">Prooemium</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4015 <p title="II-II q. 8 pr."><a name="39082"><span class="ref">[39082]
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4016 IIª-IIae q. 8 pr.</span></a> Deinde considerandum est de dono
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4017 intellectus et scientiae, quae respondent virtuti fidei. Et circa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4018 donum intellectus quaeruntur octo. Primo, utrum intellectus sit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4019 donum spiritus sancti. Secundo, utrum possit simul esse in eodem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4020 cum fide. Tertio, utrum intellectus qui est donum sit speculativus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4021 tantum, vel etiam practicus. Quarto, utrum omnes qui sunt in gratia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4022 habeant donum intellectus. Quinto, utrum hoc donum inveniatur in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4023 aliquibus absque gratia. Sexto, quomodo se habeat donum intellectus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4024 ad alia dona. Septimo, de eo quod respondet huic dono in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4025 beatitudinibus. Octavo, de eo quod respondet ei in fructibus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4026 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4027 <div class="E">Articulus 1</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4028 <p title="II-II q. 8 a. 1 arg. 1"><a name="39083"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4029 "ref">[39083] IIª-IIae q. 8 a. 1 arg. 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4030 sic proceditur. Videtur quod intellectus non sit donum spiritus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4031 sancti. Dona enim gratuita distinguuntur a donis naturalibus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4032 superadduntur enim eis. Sed intellectus est quidam habitus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4033 naturalis in anima, quo cognoscuntur principia naturaliter nota, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4034 patet in VI Ethic. Ergo non debet poni donum spiritus sancti.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4035 <p title="II-II q. 8 a. 1 arg. 2"><a name="39084"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4036 "ref">[39084] IIª-IIae q. 8 a. 1 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4037 dona divina participantur a creaturis secundum earum proportionem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4038 et modum, ut patet per Dionysium, in libro de Div. Nom. Sed modus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4039 humanae naturae est ut non simpliciter veritatem cognoscat, quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4040 pertinet ad rationem intellectus, sed discursive, quod est proprium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4041 rationis, ut patet per Dionysium, in VII cap. de Div. Nom. Ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4042 cognitio divina quae hominibus datur magis debet dici donum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4043 rationis quam intellectus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4044 <p title="II-II q. 8 a. 1 arg. 3"><a name="39085"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4045 "ref">[39085] IIª-IIae q. 8 a. 1 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4046 in potentiis animae intellectus contra voluntatem dividitur, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4047 patet in III de anima. Sed nullum donum spiritus sancti dicitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4048 voluntas. Ergo etiam nullum donum spiritus sancti debet dici
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4049 intellectus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4050 <p title="II-II q. 8 a. 1 s. c."><a name="39086"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4051 "ref">[39086] IIª-IIae q. 8 a. 1 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4052 est quod dicitur Isaiae XI, <i>requiescet super eum spiritus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4053 domini, spiritus sapientiae et intellectus</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4054 <p title="II-II q. 8 a. 1 co."><a name="39087"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4055 "ref">[39087] IIª-IIae q. 8 a. 1 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4056 dicendum quod nomen intellectus quandam intimam cognitionem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4057 importat, dicitur enim intelligere quasi intus legere. Et hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4058 manifeste patet considerantibus differentiam intellectus et sensus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4059 nam cognitio sensitiva occupatur circa qualitates sensibiles
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4060 exteriores; cognitio autem intellectiva penetrat usque ad essentiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4061 rei, obiectum enim intellectus est quod quid est, ut dicitur in III
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4062 de anima. Sunt autem multa genera eorum quae interius latent, ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4063 quae oportet cognitionem hominis quasi intrinsecus penetrare. Nam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4064 sub accidentibus latet natura rerum substantialis, sub verbis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4065 latent significata verborum, sub similitudinibus et figuris latet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4066 veritas figurata, res etiam intelligibiles sunt quodammodo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4067 interiores respectu rerum sensibilium quae exterius sentiuntur, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4068 in causis latent effectus et e converso. Unde respectu horum omnium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4069 potest dici intellectus. Sed cum cognitio hominis a sensu incipiat,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4070 quasi ab exteriori, manifestum est quod quanto lumen intellectus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4071 est fortius, tanto potest magis ad intima penetrare. Lumen autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4072 naturale nostri intellectus est finitae virtutis, unde usque ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4073 determinatum aliquid pertingere potest. Indiget igitur homo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4074 supernaturali lumine ut ulterius penetret ad cognoscendum quaedam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4075 quae per lumen naturale cognoscere non valet. Et illud lumen
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4076 supernaturale homini datum vocatur donum intellectus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4077 <p title="II-II q. 8 a. 1 ad 1"><a name="39088"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4078 "ref">[39088] IIª-IIae q. 8 a. 1 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4079 ergo dicendum quod per lumen naturale nobis inditum statim
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4080 cognoscuntur quaedam principia communia quae sunt naturaliter nota.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4081 Sed quia homo ordinatur ad beatitudinem supernaturalem, ut supra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4082 dictum est, necesse est quod homo ulterius pertingat ad quaedam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4083 altiora. Et ad hoc requiritur donum intellectus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4084 <p title="II-II q. 8 a. 1 ad 2"><a name="39089"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4085 "ref">[39089] IIª-IIae q. 8 a. 1 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4086 dicendum quod discursus rationis semper incipit ab intellectu et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4087 terminatur ad intellectum, ratiocinamur enim procedendo ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4088 quibusdam intellectis, et tunc rationis discursus perficitur quando
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4089 ad hoc pervenimus ut intelligamus illud quod prius erat ignotum.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4090 Quod ergo ratiocinamur ex aliquo praecedenti intellectu procedit.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4091 Donum autem gratiae non procedit ex lumine naturae, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4092 superadditur ei, quasi perficiens ipsum. Et ideo ista superadditio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4093 non dicitur ratio, sed magis intellectus, quia ita se habet lumen
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4094 superadditum ad ea quae nobis supernaturaliter innotescunt sicut se
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4095 habet lumen naturale ad ea quae primordialiter cognoscimus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4096 <p title="II-II q. 8 a. 1 ad 3"><a name="39090"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4097 "ref">[39090] IIª-IIae q. 8 a. 1 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4098 dicendum quod voluntas nominat simpliciter appetitivum motum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4099 absque determinatione alicuius excellentiae. Sed intellectus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4100 nominat quandam excellentiam cognitionis penetrandi ad intima. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4101 ideo supernaturale donum magis nominatur nomine intellectus quam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4102 nomine voluntatis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4103 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4104 <div class="E">Articulus 2</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4105 <p title="II-II q. 8 a. 2 arg. 1"><a name="39091"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4106 "ref">[39091] IIª-IIae q. 8 a. 2 arg. 1</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4107 sic proceditur. Videtur quod donum intellectus non simul habeatur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4108 cum fide. Dicit enim Augustinus, in libro octogintatrium quaest.,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4109 <i>id quod intelligitur intelligentis comprehensione finitur</i>.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4110 Sed id quod creditur non comprehenditur, secundum illud apostoli,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4111 ad Philipp. III, <i>non quod iam comprehenderim aut perfectus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4112 sim</i>. Ergo videtur quod fides et intellectus non possint esse in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4113 eodem.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4114 <p title="II-II q. 8 a. 2 arg. 2"><a name="39092"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4115 "ref">[39092] IIª-IIae q. 8 a. 2 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4116 omne quod intelligitur intellectu videtur. Sed fides est de non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4117 apparentibus, ut supra dictum est. Ergo fides non potest simul esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4118 in eodem cum intellectu.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4119 <p title="II-II q. 8 a. 2 arg. 3"><a name="39093"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4120 "ref">[39093] IIª-IIae q. 8 a. 2 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4121 intellectus est certior quam scientia. Sed scientia et fides non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4122 possunt esse de eodem, ut supra habitum est. Multo ergo minus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4123 intellectus et fides.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4124 <p title="II-II q. 8 a. 2 s. c."><a name="39094"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4125 "ref">[39094] IIª-IIae q. 8 a. 2 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4126 est quod Gregorius dicit, in libro Moral., quod <i>intellectus de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4127 auditis mentem illustrat</i>. Sed aliquis habens fidem potest esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4128 illustratus mente circa audita, unde dicitur Luc. ult. quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4129 <i>dominus aperuit discipulis suis sensum ut intelligerent
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4130 Scripturas</i>. Ergo intellectus potest simul esse cum fide.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4131 <p title="II-II q. 8 a. 2 co."><a name="39095"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4132 "ref">[39095] IIª-IIae q. 8 a. 2 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4133 dicendum quod hic duplici distinctione est opus, una quidem ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4134 parte fidei; alia autem ex parte intellectus. Ex parte quidem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4135 fidei, distinguendum est quod quaedam per se et directe cadunt sub
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4136 fide, quae naturalem rationem excedunt, sicut Deum esse trinum et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4137 unum, filium Dei esse incarnatum. Quaedam vero cadunt sub fide
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4138 quasi ordinata ad ista secundum aliquem modum, sicut omnia quae in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4139 Scriptura divina continentur. Ex parte vero intellectus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4140 distinguendum est quod dupliciter dici possumus aliqua intelligere.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4141 Uno modo, perfecte, quando scilicet pertingimus ad cognoscendum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4142 essentiam rei intellectae, et ipsam veritatem enuntiabilis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4143 intellecti, secundum quod in se est. Et hoc modo ea quae directe
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4144 cadunt sub fide intelligere non possumus, durante statu fidei. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4145 quaedam alia ad fidem ordinata etiam hoc modo intelligi possunt.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4146 Alio modo contingit aliquid intelligi imperfecte, quando scilicet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4147 ipsa essentia rei, vel veritas propositionis, non cognoscitur quid
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4148 sit aut quomodo sit, sed tamen cognoscitur quod ea quae exterius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4149 apparent veritati non contrariantur; inquantum scilicet homo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4150 intelligit quod propter ea quae exterius apparent non est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4151 recedendum ab his quae sunt fidei. Et secundum hoc nihil prohibet,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4152 durante statu fidei, intelligere etiam ea quae per se sub fide
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4153 cadunt.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4154 <p title="II-II q. 8 a. 2 ad 1"><a name="39096"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4155 "ref">[39096] IIª-IIae q. 8 a. 2 ad 1</span></a> Et per hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4156 patet responsio ad obiecta. Nam primae tres rationes procedunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4157 secundum quod aliquid perfecte intelligitur. Ultima autem ratio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4158 procedit de intellectu eorum quae ordinantur ad fidem.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4159 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4160 <div class="E">Articulus 3</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4161 <p title="II-II q. 8 a. 3 arg. 1"><a name="39097"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4162 "ref">[39097] IIª-IIae q. 8 a. 3 arg. 1</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4163 sic proceditur. Videtur quod intellectus qui ponitur donum spiritus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4164 sancti non sit practicus, sed speculativus tantum. Intellectus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4165 enim, ut Gregorius dicit, in I Moral., altiora quaedam penetrat.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4166 Sed ea quae pertinent ad intellectum practicum non sunt alta, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4167 quaedam infima, scilicet singularia, circa quae sunt actus. Ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4168 intellectus qui ponitur donum non est intellectus practicus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4169 <p title="II-II q. 8 a. 3 arg. 2"><a name="39098"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4170 "ref">[39098] IIª-IIae q. 8 a. 3 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4171 intellectus qui est donum est dignius aliquid quam intellectus qui
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4172 est virtus intellectualis. Sed intellectus qui est virtus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4173 intellectualis est solum circa necessaria, ut patet per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4174 philosophum, in VI Ethic. Ergo multo magis intellectus qui est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4175 donum est solum circa necessaria. Sed intellectus practicus non est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4176 circa necessaria, sed circa contingentia aliter se habere, quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4177 opere humano fieri possunt. Ergo intellectus qui est donum non est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4178 intellectus practicus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4179 <p title="II-II q. 8 a. 3 arg. 3"><a name="39099"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4180 "ref">[39099] IIª-IIae q. 8 a. 3 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4181 donum intellectus illustrat mentem ad ea quae naturalem rationem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4182 excedunt. Sed operabilia humana, quorum est practicus intellectus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4183 non excedunt naturalem rationem, quae dirigit in rebus agendis, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4184 ex supradictis patet. Ergo intellectus qui est donum non est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4185 intellectus practicus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4186 <p title="II-II q. 8 a. 3 s. c."><a name="39100"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4187 "ref">[39100] IIª-IIae q. 8 a. 3 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4188 est quod dicitur in Psalm., <i>intellectus bonus omnibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4189 facientibus eum</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4190 <p title="II-II q. 8 a. 3 co."><a name="39101"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4191 "ref">[39101] IIª-IIae q. 8 a. 3 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4192 dicendum quod, sicut dictum est, donum intellectus non solum se
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4193 habet ad ea quae primo et principaliter cadunt sub fide, sed etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4194 ad omnia quae ad fidem ordinantur. Operationes autem bonae quendam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4195 ordinem ad fidem habent, nam fides per dilectionem operatur, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4196 apostolus dicit, ad Gal. V. Et ideo donum intellectus etiam ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4197 quaedam operabilia se extendit, non quidem ut circa ea
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4198 principaliter versetur; sed inquantum in agendis regulamur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4199 <i>rationibus aeternis, quibus conspiciendis et consulendis</i>,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4200 secundum Augustinum, XII de Trin., inhaeret superior ratio, quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4201 dono intellectus perficitur.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4202 <p title="II-II q. 8 a. 3 ad 1"><a name="39102"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4203 "ref">[39102] IIª-IIae q. 8 a. 3 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4204 ergo dicendum quod operabilia humana, secundum quod in se
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4205 considerantur, non habent aliquam excellentiae altitudinem. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4206 secundum quod referuntur ad regulam legis aeternae et ad finem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4207 beatitudinis divinae, sic altitudinem habent, ut circa ea possit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4208 esse intellectus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4209 <p title="II-II q. 8 a. 3 ad 2"><a name="39103"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4210 "ref">[39103] IIª-IIae q. 8 a. 3 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4211 dicendum quod hoc ipsum pertinet ad dignitatem doni quod est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4212 intellectus, quod intelligibilia aeterna vel necessaria considerat
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4213 non solum secundum quod in se sunt, sed etiam secundum quod sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4214 regulae quaedam humanorum actuum, quia quanto virtus cognoscitiva
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4215 ad plura se extendit, tanto nobilior est.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4216 <p title="II-II q. 8 a. 3 ad 3"><a name="39104"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4217 "ref">[39104] IIª-IIae q. 8 a. 3 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4218 dicendum quod regula humanorum actuum est et ratio humana et lex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4219 aeterna, ut supra dictum est. Lex autem aeterna excedit naturalem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4220 rationem. Et ideo cognitio humanorum actuum secundum quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4221 regulantur a lege aeterna, excedit rationem naturalem, et indiget
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4222 supernaturali lumine doni spiritus sancti.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4223 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4224 <div class="E">Articulus 4</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4225 <p title="II-II q. 8 a. 4 arg. 1"><a name="39105"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4226 "ref">[39105] IIª-IIae q. 8 a. 4 arg. 1</span></a> Ad quartum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4227 sic proceditur. Videtur quod donum intellectus non insit omnibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4228 hominibus habentibus gratiam. Dicit enim Gregorius, II Moral., quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4229 donum intellectus datur contra hebetudinem mentis. Sed multi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4230 habentes gratiam adhuc patiuntur mentis hebetudinem. Ergo donum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4231 intellectus non est in omnibus habentibus gratiam.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4232 <p title="II-II q. 8 a. 4 arg. 2"><a name="39106"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4233 "ref">[39106] IIª-IIae q. 8 a. 4 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4234 inter ea quae ad cognitionem pertinent sola fides videtur esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4235 necessaria ad salutem, quia per fidem Christus habitat in cordibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4236 nostris, ut dicitur ad Ephes. III. Sed non omnes habentes fidem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4237 habent donum intellectus, immo qui credunt, debent orare ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4238 intelligant, sicut Augustinus dicit, in libro de Trin. Ergo donum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4239 intellectus non est necessarium ad salutem. Non ergo est in omnibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4240 habentibus gratiam.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4241 <p title="II-II q. 8 a. 4 arg. 3"><a name="39107"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4242 "ref">[39107] IIª-IIae q. 8 a. 4 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4243 ea quae sunt communia omnibus habentibus gratiam nunquam ab
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4244 habentibus gratiam subtrahuntur. Sed gratia intellectus et aliorum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4245 donorum <i>aliquando se utiliter subtrahit, quandoque enim, dum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4246 sublimia intelligendo in elationem se animus erigit, in rebus imis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4247 et vilibus gravi hebetudine pigrescit</i>, ut Gregorius dicit, in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4248 II Moral. Ergo donum intellectus non est in omnibus habentibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4249 gratiam.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4250 <p title="II-II q. 8 a. 4 s. c."><a name="39108"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4251 "ref">[39108] IIª-IIae q. 8 a. 4 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4252 est quod dicitur in Psalm., <i>nescierunt neque intellexerunt, in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4253 tenebris ambulant</i>. Sed nullus habens gratiam ambulat in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4254 tenebris, secundum illud Ioan. VIII, <i>qui sequitur me non ambulat
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4255 in tenebris</i>. Ergo nullus habens gratiam caret dono
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4256 intellectus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4257 <p title="II-II q. 8 a. 4 co."><a name="39109"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4258 "ref">[39109] IIª-IIae q. 8 a. 4 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4259 dicendum quod in omnibus habentibus gratiam necesse est esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4260 rectitudinem voluntatis, quia <i>per gratiam praeparatur voluntas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4261 hominis ad bonum</i>, ut Augustinus dicit. Voluntas autem non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4262 potest recte ordinari in bonum nisi praeexistente aliqua cognitione
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4263 veritatis, quia obiectum voluntatis est bonum intellectum, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4264 dicitur in III de anima. Sicut autem per donum caritatis spiritus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4265 sanctus ordinat voluntatem hominis ut directe moveatur in bonum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4266 quoddam supernaturale, ita etiam per donum intellectus illustrat
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4267 mentem hominis ut cognoscat veritatem quandam supernaturalem, in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4268 quam oportet tendere voluntatem rectam. Et ideo, sicut donum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4269 caritatis est in omnibus habentibus gratiam gratum facientem, ita
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4270 etiam donum intellectus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4271 <p title="II-II q. 8 a. 4 ad 1"><a name="39110"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4272 "ref">[39110] IIª-IIae q. 8 a. 4 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4273 ergo dicendum quod aliqui habentes gratiam gratum facientem possunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4274 pati hebetudinem circa aliqua quae sunt praeter necessitatem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4275 salutis. Sed circa ea quae sunt de necessitate salutis sufficienter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4276 instruuntur a spiritu sancto, secundum illud I Ioan. II, <i>unctio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4277 docet vos de omnibus</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4278 <p title="II-II q. 8 a. 4 ad 2"><a name="39111"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4279 "ref">[39111] IIª-IIae q. 8 a. 4 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4280 dicendum quod etsi non omnes habentes fidem plene intelligant ea
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4281 quae proponuntur credenda, intelligunt tamen ea esse credenda, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4282 quod ab eis pro nullo est deviandum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4283 <p title="II-II q. 8 a. 4 ad 3"><a name="39112"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4284 "ref">[39112] IIª-IIae q. 8 a. 4 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4285 dicendum quod donum intellectus nunquam se subtrahit sanctis circa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4286 ea quae sunt necessaria ad salutem. Sed circa alia interdum se
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4287 subtrahit, ut non omnia ad liquidum per intellectum penetrare
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4288 possint, ad hoc quod superbiae materia subtrahatur.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4289 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4290 <div class="E">Articulus 5</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4291 <p title="II-II q. 8 a. 5 arg. 1"><a name="39113"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4292 "ref">[39113] IIª-IIae q. 8 a. 5 arg. 1</span></a> Ad quintum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4293 sic proceditur. Videtur quod intellectus donum inveniatur etiam in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4294 non habentibus gratiam gratum facientem. Augustinus enim, exponens
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4295 illud Psalm., <i>concupivit anima mea desiderare iustificationes
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4296 tuas</i>, dicit quod <i>praevolat intellectus, sequitur tardus aut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4297 nullus affectus</i>. Sed in omnibus habentibus gratiam gratum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4298 facientem est promptus affectus, propter caritatem. Ergo donum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4299 intellectus potest esse in his qui non habent gratiam gratum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4300 facientem.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4301 <p title="II-II q. 8 a. 5 arg. 2"><a name="39114"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4302 "ref">[39114] IIª-IIae q. 8 a. 5 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4303 Danielis X dicitur quod intelligentia opus est in visione
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4304 prophetica, et ita videtur quod prophetia non sit sine dono
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4305 intellectus. Sed prophetia potest esse sine gratia gratum faciente,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4306 ut patet Matth. VII, ubi dicentibus, in nomine tuo prophetavimus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4307 respondetur, nunquam novi vos. Ergo donum intellectus potest esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4308 sine gratia gratum faciente.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4309 <p title="II-II q. 8 a. 5 arg. 3"><a name="39115"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4310 "ref">[39115] IIª-IIae q. 8 a. 5 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4311 donum intellectus respondet virtuti fidei, secundum illud Isaiae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4312 VII, secundum aliam litteram, <i>nisi credideritis, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4313 intelligetis</i>. Sed fides potest esse sine gratia gratum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4314 faciente. Ergo etiam donum intellectus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4315 <p title="II-II q. 8 a. 5 s. c."><a name="39116"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4316 "ref">[39116] IIª-IIae q. 8 a. 5 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4317 est quod dominus dicit, Ioan. VI, <i>omnis qui audivit a patre et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4318 didicit, venit ad me</i>. Sed per intellectum audita addiscimus vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4319 penetramus, ut patet per Gregorium, in I Moral. Ergo quicumque
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4320 habet intellectus donum venit ad Christum. Quod non est sine gratia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4321 gratum faciente. Ergo donum intellectus non est sine gratia gratum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4322 faciente.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4323 <p title="II-II q. 8 a. 5 co."><a name="39117"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4324 "ref">[39117] IIª-IIae q. 8 a. 5 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4325 dicendum quod, sicut supra dictum est, dona spiritus sancti
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4326 perficiunt animam secundum quod est bene mobilis a spiritu sancto.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4327 Sic ergo intellectuale lumen gratiae ponitur donum intellectus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4328 inquantum intellectus hominis est bene mobilis a spiritu sancto.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4329 Huius autem motus consideratio in hoc est quod homo apprehendat
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4330 veritatem circa finem. Unde nisi usque ad hoc moveatur a spiritu
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4331 sancto intellectus humanus ut rectam aestimationem de fine habeat,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4332 nondum assecutus est donum intellectus; quantumcumque ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4333 illustratione spiritus alia quaedam praeambula cognoscat. Rectam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4334 aut aestimationem de ultimo fine non habet nisi ille qui circa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4335 finem non errat, sed ei firmiter inhaeret tanquam optimo. Quod est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4336 solum habentis gratiam gratum facientem, sicut etiam in moralibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4337 rectam aestimationem habet homo de fine per habitum virtutis. Unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4338 donum intellectus nullus habet sine gratia gratum faciente.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4339 <p title="II-II q. 8 a. 5 ad 1"><a name="39118"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4340 "ref">[39118] IIª-IIae q. 8 a. 5 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4341 ergo dicendum quod Augustinus intellectum nominat quamcumque
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4342 illustrationem intellectualem. Quae tamen non pertingit ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4343 perfectam doni rationem nisi usque ad hoc mens hominis deducatur ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4344 rectam aestimationem habeat homo circa finem.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4345 <p title="II-II q. 8 a. 5 ad 2"><a name="39119"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4346 "ref">[39119] IIª-IIae q. 8 a. 5 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4347 dicendum quod intelligentia quae necessaria est ad prophetiam est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4348 quaedam illustratio mentis circa ea quae prophetis revelantur. Non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4349 est autem illustratio mentis circa aestimationem rectam de ultimo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4350 fine, quae pertinet ad donum intellectus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4351 <p title="II-II q. 8 a. 5 ad 3"><a name="39120"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4352 "ref">[39120] IIª-IIae q. 8 a. 5 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4353 dicendum quod fides importat solum assensum ad ea quae proponuntur.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4354 Sed intellectus importat quandam perceptionem veritatis, quae non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4355 potest esse circa finem nisi in eo qui habet gratiam gratum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4356 facientem, ut dictum est. Et ideo non est similis ratio de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4357 intellectu et fide.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4358 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4359 <div class="E">Articulus 6</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4360 <p title="II-II q. 8 a. 6 arg. 1"><a name="39121"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4361 "ref">[39121] IIª-IIae q. 8 a. 6 arg. 1</span></a> Ad sextum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4362 sic proceditur. Videtur quod donum intellectus non distinguatur ab
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4363 aliis donis. Quorum enim opposita sunt eadem, ipsa quoque sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4364 eadem. Sed sapientiae opponitur stultitia, hebetudini intellectus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4365 praecipitationi consilium, ignorantiae scientia, ut patet per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4366 Gregorium, II Moral. Non videntur autem differre stultitia,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4367 hebetudo, ignorantia et praecipitatio. Ergo nec intellectus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4368 distinguitur ab aliis donis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4369 <p title="II-II q. 8 a. 6 arg. 2"><a name="39122"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4370 "ref">[39122] IIª-IIae q. 8 a. 6 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4371 intellectus qui ponitur virtus intellectualis differt ab aliis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4372 intellectualibus virtutibus per hoc sibi proprium, quod est circa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4373 principia per se nota. Sed donum intellectus non est circa aliqua
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4374 principia per se nota, quia ad ea quae naturaliter per se
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4375 cognoscuntur sufficit naturalis habitus primorum principiorum; ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4376 ea vero quae sunt supernaturalia sufficit fides, quia articuli
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4377 fidei sunt sicut prima principia in supernaturali cognitione, sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4378 dictum est. Ergo donum intellectus non distinguitur ab aliis donis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4379 intellectualibus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4380 <p title="II-II q. 8 a. 6 arg. 3"><a name="39123"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4381 "ref">[39123] IIª-IIae q. 8 a. 6 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4382 omnis cognitio intellectiva vel est speculativa vel practica. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4383 donum intellectus se habet ad utrumque, ut dictum est. Ergo non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4384 distinguitur ab aliis donis intellectualibus, sed omnia in se
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4385 complectitur.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4386 <p title="II-II q. 8 a. 6 s. c."><a name="39124"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4387 "ref">[39124] IIª-IIae q. 8 a. 6 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4388 est quod quaecumque connumerantur ad invicem oportet esse aliquo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4389 modo ab invicem distincta, quia distinctio est principium numeri.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4390 Sed donum intellectus connumeratur aliis donis, ut patet Isaiae XI.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4391 Ergo donum intellectus est distinctum ab aliis donis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4392 <p title="II-II q. 8 a. 6 co."><a name="39125"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4393 "ref">[39125] IIª-IIae q. 8 a. 6 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4394 dicendum quod distinctio doni intellectus ab aliis tribus donis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4395 scilicet pietate, fortitudine et timore, manifesta est, quia donum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4396 intellectus pertinet ad vim cognoscitivam, illa vero tria pertinent
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4397 ad vim appetitivam. Sed differentia huius doni intellectus ad alia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4398 tria, scilicet sapientiam, scientiam et consilium, quae etiam ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4399 vim cognoscitivam pertinent, non est adeo manifesta. Videtur autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4400 quibusdam quod donum intellectus distinguatur a dono scientiae et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4401 consilii per hoc quod illa duo pertineant ad practicam cognitionem,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4402 donum vero intellectus ad speculativam. A dono vero sapientiae,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4403 quod etiam ad speculativam cognitionem pertinet, distinguitur in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4404 hoc quod ad sapientiam pertinet iudicium, ad intellectum vero
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4405 capacitas intellectus eorum quae proponuntur, sive penetratio ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4406 intima eorum. Et secundum hoc supra numerum donorum assignavimus.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4407 Sed diligenter intuenti, donum intellectus non solum se habet circa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4408 speculanda, sed etiam circa operanda, ut dictum est, et similiter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4409 etiam donum scientiae circa utrumque se habet, ut infra dicetur. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4410 ideo oportet aliter eorum distinctionem accipere. Omnia enim haec
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4411 quatuor dicta ordinantur ad supernaturalem cognitionem, quae in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4412 nobis per fidem fundatur. <i>Fides autem est ex auditu</i>, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4413 dicitur Rom. X. Unde oportet aliqua proponi homini ad credendum non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4414 sicut visa, sed sicut audita, quibus per fidem assentiat. Fides
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4415 autem primo quidem et principaliter se habet ad veritatem primam;
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4416 secundario, ad quaedam circa creaturas consideranda; et ulterius se
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4417 extendit etiam ad directionem humanorum operum, secundum quod per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4418 dilectionem operatur, ut ex dictis patet. Sic igitur circa ea quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4419 fidei proponuntur credenda duo requiruntur ex parte nostra. Primo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4420 quidem, ut intellectu penetrentur vel capiantur, et hoc pertinet ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4421 donum intellectus. Secundo autem oportet ut de eis homo habeat
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4422 iudicium rectum, ut aestimet his esse inhaerendum et ab eorum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4423 oppositis recedendum. Hoc igitur iudicium, quantum ad res divinas,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4424 pertinet ad donum sapientiae; quantum vero ad res creatas, pertinet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4425 ad donum scientiae; quantum vero ad applicationem ad singularia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4426 opera, pertinet ad donum consilii.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4427 <p title="II-II q. 8 a. 6 ad 1"><a name="39126"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4428 "ref">[39126] IIª-IIae q. 8 a. 6 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4429 ergo dicendum quod praedicta differentia quatuor donorum manifeste
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4430 competit distinctioni eorum quae Gregorius ponit eis esse opposita.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4431 Hebetudo enim acuitati opponitur. Dicitur autem per similitudinem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4432 intellectus acutus quando potest penetrare ad intima eorum quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4433 proponuntur. Unde hebetudo mentis est per quam mens ad intima
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4434 penetrare non sufficit. Stultus autem dicitur ex hoc quod perverse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4435 iudicat circa communem finem vitae. Et ideo proprie opponitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4436 sapientiae, quae facit rectum iudicium circa universalem causam.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4437 Ignorantia vero importat defectum mentis etiam circa quaecumque
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4438 particularia. Et ideo opponitur scientiae, per quam homo habet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4439 rectum iudicium circa particulares causas, scilicet circa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4440 creaturas. Praecipitatio vero manifeste opponitur consilio, per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4441 quod homo ad actionem non procedit ante deliberationem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4442 rationis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4443 <p title="II-II q. 8 a. 6 ad 2"><a name="39127"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4444 "ref">[39127] IIª-IIae q. 8 a. 6 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4445 dicendum quod donum intellectus est circa prima principia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4446 cognitionis gratuitae, aliter tamen quam fides. Nam ad fidem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4447 pertinet eis assentire, ad donum vero intellectus pertinet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4448 penetrare mente ea quae dicuntur.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4449 <p title="II-II q. 8 a. 6 ad 3"><a name="39128"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4450 "ref">[39128] IIª-IIae q. 8 a. 6 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4451 dicendum quod donum intellectus pertinet ad utramque cognitionem,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4452 scilicet speculativam et practicam, non quantum ad iudicium, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4453 quantum ad apprehensionem, ut capiantur ea quae dicuntur.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4454 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4455 <div class="E">Articulus 7</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4456 <p title="II-II q. 8 a. 7 arg. 1"><a name="39129"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4457 "ref">[39129] IIª-IIae q. 8 a. 7 arg. 1</span></a> Ad septimum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4458 sic proceditur. Videtur quod dono intellectus non respondeat
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4459 beatitudo sexta, scilicet, <i>beati mundo corde, quoniam ipsi Deum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4460 videbunt</i>. Munditia enim cordis maxime videtur pertinere ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4461 affectum. Sed donum intellectus non pertinet ad affectum, sed magis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4462 ad vim intellectivam. Ergo praedicta beatitudo non respondet dono
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4463 intellectus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4464 <p title="II-II q. 8 a. 7 arg. 2"><a name="39130"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4465 "ref">[39130] IIª-IIae q. 8 a. 7 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4466 Act. XV dicitur, <i>fide purificans corda eorum</i>. Sed per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4467 purificationem cordis acquiritur munditia cordis. Ergo praedicta
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4468 beatitudo magis pertinet ad virtutem fidei quam ad donum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4469 intellectus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4470 <p title="II-II q. 8 a. 7 arg. 3"><a name="39131"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4471 "ref">[39131] IIª-IIae q. 8 a. 7 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4472 dona spiritus sancti perficiunt hominem in praesenti vita. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4473 visio Dei non pertinet ad vitam praesentem, ipsa enim beatos facit,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4474 ut supra habitum est. Ergo sexta beatitudo, continens Dei visionem,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4475 non pertinet ad donum intellectus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4476 <p title="II-II q. 8 a. 7 s. c."><a name="39132"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4477 "ref">[39132] IIª-IIae q. 8 a. 7 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4478 est quod Augustinus dicit, in libro de Serm. Dom. in monte,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4479 <i>sexta operatio spiritus sancti, quae est intellectus, convenit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4480 mundis corde, qui purgato oculo possunt videre quod oculus non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4481 vidit</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4482 <p title="II-II q. 8 a. 7 co."><a name="39133"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4483 "ref">[39133] IIª-IIae q. 8 a. 7 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4484 dicendum quod in sexta beatitudine, sicut et in aliis, duo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4485 continentur, unum per modum meriti, scilicet munditia cordis; aliud
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4486 per modum praemii, scilicet visio Dei, ut supra dictum est. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4487 utrumque pertinet aliquo modo ad donum intellectus. Est enim duplex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4488 munditia. Una quidem praeambula et dispositiva ad Dei visionem,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4489 quae est depuratio affectus ab inordinatis affectionibus, et haec
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4490 quidem munditia cordis fit per virtutes et dona quae pertinent ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4491 vim appetitivam. Alia vero munditia cordis est quae est quasi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4492 completiva respectu visionis divinae, et haec quidem est munditia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4493 mentis depuratae a phantasmatibus et erroribus, ut scilicet ea quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4494 de Deo proponuntur non accipiantur per modum corporalium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4495 phantasmatum, nec secundum haereticas perversitates. Et hanc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4496 munditiam facit donum intellectus. Similiter etiam duplex est Dei
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4497 visio. Una quidem perfecta, per quam videtur Dei essentia. Alia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4498 vero imperfecta, per quam, etsi non videamus de Deo quid est,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4499 videmus tamen quid non est, et tanto in hac vita Deum perfectius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4500 cognoscimus quanto magis intelligimus eum excedere quidquid
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4501 intellectu comprehenditur. Et utraque Dei visio pertinet ad donum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4502 intellectus, prima quidem ad donum intellectus consummatum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4503 secundum quod erit in patria; secunda vero ad donum intellectus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4504 inchoatum, secundum quod habetur in via.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4505 <p title="II-II q. 8 a. 7 ad 1"><a name="39134"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4506 "ref">[39134] IIª-IIae q. 8 a. 7 ad 1</span></a> Et per hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4507 patet responsio ad obiecta. Nam primae duae rationes procedunt de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4508 prima munditia. Tertia vero de perfecta Dei visione, dona autem et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4509 hic nos perficiunt secundum quandam inchoationem, et in futuro
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4510 implebuntur, ut supra dictum est.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4511 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4512 <div class="E">Articulus 8</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4513 <p title="II-II q. 8 a. 8 arg. 1"><a name="39135"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4514 "ref">[39135] IIª-IIae q. 8 a. 8 arg. 1</span></a> Ad octavum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4515 sic proceditur. Videtur quod in fructibus fides non respondeat dono
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4516 intellectus. Intellectus enim est fructus fidei, dicitur enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4517 Isaiae VII, <i>nisi credideritis, non intelligetis</i>, secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4518 aliam litteram, ubi nos habemus, <i>si non credideritis, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4519 permanebitis</i>. Non ergo fides est fructus intellectus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4520 <p title="II-II q. 8 a. 8 arg. 2"><a name="39136"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4521 "ref">[39136] IIª-IIae q. 8 a. 8 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4522 prius non est fructus posterioris. Sed fides videtur esse prior
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4523 intellectu, quia fides est fundamentum totius spiritualis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4524 aedificii, ut supra dictum est. Ergo fides non est fructus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4525 intellectus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4526 <p title="II-II q. 8 a. 8 arg. 3"><a name="39137"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4527 "ref">[39137] IIª-IIae q. 8 a. 8 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4528 plura sunt dona pertinentia ad intellectum quam pertinentia ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4529 appetitum. Sed inter fructus ponitur tantum unum pertinens ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4530 intellectum, scilicet fides, omnia vero alia pertinent ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4531 appetitum. Ergo fides non magis videtur respondere intellectui quam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4532 sapientiae vel scientiae seu consilio.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4533 <p title="II-II q. 8 a. 8 s. c."><a name="39138"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4534 "ref">[39138] IIª-IIae q. 8 a. 8 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4535 est quod finis uniuscuiusque rei est fructus eius. Sed donum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4536 intellectus videtur principaliter ordinari ad certitudinem fidei,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4537 quae ponitur fructus, dicit enim Glossa, ad Gal. V, quod fides quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4538 est fructus est de invisibilibus certitudo. Ergo in fructibus fides
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4539 respondet dono intellectus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4540 <p title="II-II q. 8 a. 8 co."><a name="39139"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4541 "ref">[39139] IIª-IIae q. 8 a. 8 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4542 dicendum quod, sicut supra dictum est, cum de fructibus ageretur,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4543 fructus spiritus dicuntur quaedam ultima et delectabilia quae in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4544 nobis proveniunt ex virtute spiritus sancti. Ultimum autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4545 delectabile habet rationem finis, qui est proprium obiectum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4546 voluntatis. Et ideo oportet quod id quod est ultimum et delectabile
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4547 in voluntate sit quodammodo fructus omnium aliorum quae pertinent
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4548 ad alias potentias. Secundum hoc ergo doni vel virtutis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4549 perficientis aliquam potentiam potest accipi duplex fructus, unus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4550 quidem pertinens ad suam potentiam; alius autem quasi ultimus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4551 pertinens ad voluntatem. Et secundum hoc dicendum est quod dono
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4552 intellectus respondet pro proprio fructu fides, idest fidei
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4553 certitudo, sed pro ultimo fructu respondet ei gaudium, quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4554 pertinet ad voluntatem.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4555 <p title="II-II q. 8 a. 8 ad 1"><a name="39140"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4556 "ref">[39140] IIª-IIae q. 8 a. 8 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4557 ergo dicendum quod intellectus est fructus fidei quae est virtus.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4558 Sic autem non accipitur fides cum dicitur fructus, sed pro quadam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4559 certitudine fidei, ad quam homo pervenit per donum intellectus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4560 <p title="II-II q. 8 a. 8 ad 2"><a name="39141"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4561 "ref">[39141] IIª-IIae q. 8 a. 8 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4562 dicendum quod fides non potest universaliter praecedere
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4563 intellectum, non enim posset homo assentire credendo aliquibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4564 propositis nisi ea aliqualiter intelligeret. Sed perfectio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4565 intellectus consequitur fidem quae est virtus, ad quam quidem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4566 intellectus perfectionem sequitur quaedam fidei certitudo.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4567 <p title="II-II q. 8 a. 8 ad 3"><a name="39142"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4568 "ref">[39142] IIª-IIae q. 8 a. 8 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4569 dicendum quod cognitionis practicae fructus non potest esse in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4570 ipsa, quia talis cognitio non scitur propter se, sed propter aliud.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4571 Sed cognitio speculativa habet fructum in seipsa, scilicet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4572 certitudinem eorum quorum est. Et ideo dono consilii, quod pertinet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4573 solum ad practicam cognitionem, non respondet aliquis fructus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4574 proprius. Donis autem sapientiae, intellectus et scientiae, quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4575 possunt etiam ad speculativam cognitionem pertinere, respondet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4576 solum unus fructus, qui est certitudo significata nomine fidei.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4577 Plures autem fructus ponuntur pertinentes ad partem appetitivam,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4578 quia, sicut iam dictum est, ratio finis, quae importatur in nomine
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4579 fructus, magis pertinet ad vim appetitivam quam intellectivam.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4580 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4581 <div class="D">Quaestio 9</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4582 <div class="G">Prooemium</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4583 <p title="II-II q. 9 pr."><a name="39143"><span class="ref">[39143]
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4584 IIª-IIae q. 9 pr.</span></a> Deinde considerandum est de dono
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4585 scientiae. Et circa hoc quaeruntur quatuor. Primo, utrum scientia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4586 sit donum. Secundo, utrum sit circa divina. Tertio, utrum sit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4587 speculativa vel practica. Quarto, quae beatitudo ei respondeat.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4588 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4589 <div class="E">Articulus 1</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4590 <p title="II-II q. 9 a. 1 arg. 1"><a name="39144"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4591 "ref">[39144] IIª-IIae q. 9 a. 1 arg. 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4592 sic proceditur. Videtur quod scientia non sit donum. Dona enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4593 spiritus sancti naturalem facultatem excedunt. Sed scientia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4594 importat effectum quendam naturalis rationis, dicit enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4595 philosophus, in I Poster., quod demonstratio est syllogismus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4596 faciens scire. Ergo scientia non est donum spiritus sancti.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4597 <p title="II-II q. 9 a. 1 arg. 2"><a name="39145"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4598 "ref">[39145] IIª-IIae q. 9 a. 1 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4599 dona spiritus sancti sunt communia omnibus sanctis, ut supra dictum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4600 est. Sed Augustinus, XIV de Trin., dicit quod <i>scientia non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4601 pollent fideles plurimi, quamvis polleant ipsa fide</i>. Ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4602 scientia non est donum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4603 <p title="II-II q. 9 a. 1 arg. 3"><a name="39146"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4604 "ref">[39146] IIª-IIae q. 9 a. 1 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4605 donum est perfectius virtute, ut supra dictum est. Ergo unum donum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4606 sufficit ad perfectionem unius virtutis. Sed virtuti fidei
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4607 respondet donum intellectus, ut supra dictum est. Ergo non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4608 respondet ei donum scientiae. Nec apparet cui alii virtuti
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4609 respondeat. Ergo, cum dona sint perfectiones virtutum, ut supra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4610 dictum est, videtur quod scientia non sit donum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4611 <p title="II-II q. 9 a. 1 s. c."><a name="39147"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4612 "ref">[39147] IIª-IIae q. 9 a. 1 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4613 est quod Isaiae XI computatur inter septem dona.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4614 <p title="II-II q. 9 a. 1 co."><a name="39148"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4615 "ref">[39148] IIª-IIae q. 9 a. 1 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4616 dicendum quod gratia est perfectior quam natura, unde non deficit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4617 in his in quibus homo per naturam perfici potest. Cum autem homo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4618 per naturalem rationem assentit secundum intellectum alicui
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4619 veritati, dupliciter perficitur circa veritatem illam, primo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4620 quidem, quia capit eam; secundo, quia de ea certum iudicium habet.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4621 Et ideo ad hoc quod intellectus humanus perfecte assentiat veritati
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4622 fidei duo requiruntur. Quorum unum est quod sane capiat ea quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4623 proponuntur, quod pertinet ad donum intellectus, ut supra dictum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4624 est. Aliud autem est ut habeat certum et rectum iudicium de eis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4625 discernendo scilicet credenda non credendis. Et ad hoc necessarium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4626 est donum scientiae.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4627 <p title="II-II q. 9 a. 1 ad 1"><a name="39149"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4628 "ref">[39149] IIª-IIae q. 9 a. 1 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4629 ergo dicendum quod certitudo cognitionis in diversis naturis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4630 invenitur diversimode, secundum diversam conditionem uniuscuiusque
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4631 naturae. Nam homo consequitur certum iudicium de veritate per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4632 discursum rationis, et ideo scientia humana ex ratione
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4633 demonstrativa acquiritur. Sed in Deo est certum iudicium veritatis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4634 absque omni discursu per simplicem intuitum, ut in primo dictum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4635 est, et ideo divina scientia non est discursiva vel ratiocinativa,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4636 sed absoluta et simplex. Cui similis est scientia quae ponitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4637 donum spiritus sancti, cum sit quaedam participativa similitudo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4638 ipsius.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4639 <p title="II-II q. 9 a. 1 ad 2"><a name="39150"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4640 "ref">[39150] IIª-IIae q. 9 a. 1 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4641 dicendum quod circa credenda duplex scientia potest haberi. Una
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4642 quidem per quam homo scit quid credere debeat, discernens credenda
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4643 a non credendis, et secundum hoc scientia est donum, et convenit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4644 omnibus sanctis. Alia vero est scientia circa credenda per quam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4645 homo non solum scit quid credi debeat, sed etiam scit fidem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4646 manifestare et alios ad credendum inducere et contradictores
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4647 revincere. Et ista scientia ponitur inter gratias gratis datas,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4648 quae non datur omnibus, sed quibusdam. Unde Augustinus, post verba
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4649 inducta, subiungit, <i>aliud est scire tantummodo quid homo credere
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4650 debeat, aliud scire quemadmodum hoc ipsum et piis opituletur et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4651 contra impios defendatur</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4652 <p title="II-II q. 9 a. 1 ad 3"><a name="39151"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4653 "ref">[39151] IIª-IIae q. 9 a. 1 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4654 dicendum quod dona sunt perfectiora virtutibus moralibus et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4655 intellectualibus. Non sunt autem perfectiora virtutibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4656 theologicis, sed magis omnia dona ad perfectionem theologicarum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4657 virtutum ordinantur sicut ad finem. Et ideo non est inconveniens si
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4658 diversa dona ad unam virtutem theologicam ordinantur.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4659 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4660 <div class="E">Articulus 2</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4661 <p title="II-II q. 9 a. 2 arg. 1"><a name="39152"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4662 "ref">[39152] IIª-IIae q. 9 a. 2 arg. 1</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4663 sic proceditur. Videtur quod scientiae donum sit circa res divinas.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4664 Dicit enim Augustinus, XIV de Trin., quod per scientiam, gignitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4665 fides, nutritur et roboratur. Sed fides est de rebus divinis, quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4666 obiectum fidei est veritas prima, ut supra habitum est. Ergo et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4667 donum scientiae est de rebus divinis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4668 <p title="II-II q. 9 a. 2 arg. 2"><a name="39153"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4669 "ref">[39153] IIª-IIae q. 9 a. 2 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4670 donum scientiae est dignius quam scientia acquisita. Sed aliqua
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4671 scientia acquisita est circa res divinas, sicut scientia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4672 metaphysicae. Ergo multo magis donum scientiae est circa res
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4673 divinas.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4674 <p title="II-II q. 9 a. 2 arg. 3"><a name="39154"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4675 "ref">[39154] IIª-IIae q. 9 a. 2 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4676 sicut dicitur Rom. I, <i>invisibilia Dei per ea quae facta sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4677 intellecta conspiciuntur</i>. Si igitur est scientia circa res
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4678 creatas, videtur quod etiam sit circa res divinas.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4679 <p title="II-II q. 9 a. 2 s. c."><a name="39155"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4680 "ref">[39155] IIª-IIae q. 9 a. 2 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4681 est quod Augustinus, XIV de Trin., dicit, <i>rerum divinarum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4682 scientia proprie sapientia nuncupetur, humanarum autem proprie
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4683 scientiae nomen obtineat</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4684 <p title="II-II q. 9 a. 2 co."><a name="39156"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4685 "ref">[39156] IIª-IIae q. 9 a. 2 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4686 dicendum quod certum iudicium de re aliqua maxime datur ex sua
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4687 causa. Et ideo secundum ordinem causarum oportet esse ordinem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4688 iudiciorum, sicut enim causa prima est causa secundae, ita per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4689 causam primam iudicatur de causa secunda. De causa autem prima non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4690 potest iudicari per aliam causam. Et ideo iudicium quod fit per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4691 causam primam est primum et perfectissimum. In his autem in quibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4692 aliquid est perfectissimum, nomen commune generis appropriatur his
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4693 quae deficiunt a perfectissimo, ipsi autem perfectissimo adaptatur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4694 aliud speciale nomen, ut patet in logicis. Nam in genere
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4695 convertibilium illud quod significat quod quid est, speciali nomine
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4696 definitio vocatur, quae autem ab hoc deficiunt convertibilia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4697 existentia nomen commune sibi retinent, scilicet quod propria
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4698 dicuntur. Quia igitur nomen scientiae importat quandam certitudinem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4699 iudicii, ut dictum est; si quidem certitudo iudicii fit per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4700 altissimam causam, habet speciale nomen, quod est sapientia,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4701 dicitur enim sapiens in unoquoque genere qui novit altissimam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4702 causam illius generis, per quam potest de omnibus iudicare.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4703 Simpliciter autem sapiens dicitur qui novit altissimam causam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4704 simpliciter, scilicet Deum. Et ideo cognitio divinarum rerum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4705 vocatur sapientia. Cognitio vero rerum humanarum vocatur scientia,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4706 quasi communi nomine importante certitudinem iudicii appropriato ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4707 iudicium quod fit per causas secundas. Et ideo, sic accipiendo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4708 scientiae nomen, ponitur donum distinctum a dono sapientiae. Unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4709 donum scientiae est solum circa res humanas, vel circa res
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4710 creatas.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4711 <p title="II-II q. 9 a. 2 ad 1"><a name="39157"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4712 "ref">[39157] IIª-IIae q. 9 a. 2 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4713 ergo dicendum quod, licet ea de quibus est fides sint res divinae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4714 et aeternae, tamen ipsa fides est quoddam temporale in animo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4715 credentis. Et ideo scire quid credendum sit pertinet ad donum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4716 scientiae. Scire autem ipsas res creditas secundum seipsas per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4717 quandam unionem ad ipsas pertinet ad donum sapientiae. Unde donum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4718 sapientiae magis respondet caritati, quae unit mentem hominis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4719 Deo.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4720 <p title="II-II q. 9 a. 2 ad 2"><a name="39158"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4721 "ref">[39158] IIª-IIae q. 9 a. 2 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4722 dicendum quod ratio illa procedit secundum quod nomen scientiae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4723 communiter sumitur. Sic autem scientia non ponitur speciale donum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4724 sed secundum quod restringitur ad iudicium quod fit per res
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4725 creatas.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4726 <p title="II-II q. 9 a. 2 ad 3"><a name="39159"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4727 "ref">[39159] IIª-IIae q. 9 a. 2 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4728 dicendum quod, sicut supra dictum est, quilibet cognoscitivus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4729 habitus formaliter quidem respicit medium per quod aliquid
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4730 cognoscitur, materialiter autem id quod per medium cognoscitur. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4731 quia id quod est formale potius est, ideo illae scientiae quae ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4732 principiis mathematicis concludunt circa materiam naturalem, magis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4733 cum mathematicis connumerantur, utpote eis similiores, licet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4734 quantum ad materiam magis conveniant cum naturali, et propter hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4735 dicitur in II Physic. quod sunt magis naturales. Et ideo, cum homo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4736 per res creatas Deum cognoscit, magis videtur hoc pertinere ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4737 scientiam, ad quam pertinet formaliter, quam ad sapientiam, ad quam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4738 pertinet materialiter. Et e converso, cum secundum res divinas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4739 iudicamus de rebus creatis, magis hoc ad sapientiam quam ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4740 scientiam pertinet.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4741 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4742 <div class="E">Articulus 3</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4743 <p title="II-II q. 9 a. 3 arg. 1"><a name="39160"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4744 "ref">[39160] IIª-IIae q. 9 a. 3 arg. 1</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4745 sic proceditur. Videtur quod scientia quae ponitur donum sit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4746 scientia practica. Dicit enim Augustinus, XII de Trin., quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4747 <i>actio qua exterioribus rebus utimur scientiae deputatur</i>. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4748 scientia cui deputatur actio est practica. Ergo scientia quae est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4749 donum est scientia practica.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4750 <p title="II-II q. 9 a. 3 arg. 2"><a name="39161"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4751 "ref">[39161] IIª-IIae q. 9 a. 3 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4752 Gregorius dicit, in I Moral., <i>nulla est scientia si utilitatem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4753 pietatis non habet, et valde inutilis est pietas si scientiae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4754 discretione caret</i>. Ex quo habetur quod scientia dirigit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4755 pietatem. Sed hoc non potest competere scientiae speculativae. Ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4756 scientia quae est donum non est speculativa, sed practica.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4757 <p title="II-II q. 9 a. 3 arg. 3"><a name="39162"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4758 "ref">[39162] IIª-IIae q. 9 a. 3 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4759 dona spiritus sancti non habentur nisi a iustis, ut supra habitum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4760 est. Sed scientia speculativa potest haberi etiam ab iniustis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4761 secundum illud Iac. ult., <i>scienti bonum et non facienti,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4762 peccatum est illi</i>. Ergo scientia quae est donum non est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4763 speculativa, sed practica.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4764 <p title="II-II q. 9 a. 3 s. c."><a name="39163"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4765 "ref">[39163] IIª-IIae q. 9 a. 3 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4766 est quod Gregorius dicit, in I Moral., <i>scientia in die suo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4767 convivium parat, quia in ventre mentis ignorantiae ieiunium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4768 superat</i>. Sed ignorantia non tollitur totaliter nisi per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4769 utramque scientiam, scilicet et speculativam et practicam. Ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4770 scientia quae est donum est et speculativa et practica.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4771 <p title="II-II q. 9 a. 3 co."><a name="39164"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4772 "ref">[39164] IIª-IIae q. 9 a. 3 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4773 dicendum quod, sicut supra dictum est, donum scientiae ordinatur,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4774 sicut et donum intellectus, ad certitudinem fidei. Fides autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4775 primo et principaliter in speculatione consistit, inquantum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4776 scilicet inhaeret primae veritati. Sed quia prima veritas est etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4777 ultimus finis, propter quem operamur, inde etiam est quod fides ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4778 operationem se extendit, secundum illud Gal. V, <i>fides per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4779 dilectionem operatur</i>. Unde etiam oportet quod donum scientiae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4780 primo quidem et principaliter respiciat speculationem, inquantum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4781 scilicet homo scit quid fide tenere debeat. Secundario autem se
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4782 extendit etiam ad operationem, secundum quod per scientiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4783 credibilium, et eorum quae ad credibilia consequuntur, dirigimur in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4784 agendis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4785 <p title="II-II q. 9 a. 3 ad 1"><a name="39165"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4786 "ref">[39165] IIª-IIae q. 9 a. 3 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4787 ergo dicendum quod Augustinus loquitur de dono scientiae secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4788 quod se extendit ad operationem, attribuitur enim ei actio, sed non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4789 sola nec primo. Et hoc etiam modo dirigit pietatem.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4790 <p title="II-II q. 9 a. 3 ad 2"><a name="39166"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4791 "ref">[39166] IIª-IIae q. 9 a. 3 ad 2</span></a> Unde patet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4792 solutio ad secundum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4793 <p title="II-II q. 9 a. 3 ad 3"><a name="39167"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4794 "ref">[39167] IIª-IIae q. 9 a. 3 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4795 dicendum quod, sicut dictum est de dono intellectus quod non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4796 quicumque intelligit habet donum intellectus, sed qui intelligit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4797 quasi ex habitu gratiae; ita etiam de dono scientiae est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4798 intelligendum quod illi soli donum scientiae habeant qui ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4799 infusione gratiae certum iudicium habent circa credenda et agenda,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4800 quod in nullo deviat a rectitudine iustitiae. Et haec est scientia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4801 sanctorum, de qua dicitur Sap. X, <i>iustum deduxit dominus per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4802 vias rectas et dedit illi scientiam sanctorum</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4803 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4804 <div class="E">Articulus 4</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4805 <p title="II-II q. 9 a. 4 arg. 1"><a name="39168"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4806 "ref">[39168] IIª-IIae q. 9 a. 4 arg. 1</span></a> Ad quartum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4807 sic proceditur. Videtur quod scientiae non respondeat tertia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4808 beatitudo, scilicet, <i>beati qui lugent, quoniam ipsi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4809 consolabuntur</i>. Sicut enim malum est causa tristitiae et luctus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4810 ita etiam bonum est causa laetitiae. Sed per scientiam principalius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4811 manifestantur bona quam mala, quae per bona cognoscuntur, rectum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4812 enim est iudex sui ipsius et obliqui, ut dicitur in I de anima.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4813 Ergo praedicta beatitudo non convenienter respondet scientiae.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4814 <p title="II-II q. 9 a. 4 arg. 2"><a name="39169"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4815 "ref">[39169] IIª-IIae q. 9 a. 4 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4816 consideratio veritatis est actus scientiae. Sed in consideratione
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4817 veritatis non est tristitia, sed magis gaudium, dicitur enim Sap.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4818 VIII, <i>non habet amaritudinem conversatio illius, nec taedium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4819 convictus illius, sed laetitiam et gaudium</i>. Ergo praedicta
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4820 beatitudo non convenienter respondet dono scientiae.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4821 <p title="II-II q. 9 a. 4 arg. 3"><a name="39170"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4822 "ref">[39170] IIª-IIae q. 9 a. 4 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4823 donum scientiae prius consistit in speculatione quam in operatione.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4824 Sed secundum quod consistit in speculatione, non respondet sibi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4825 luctus, quia intellectus speculativus nihil dicit de imitabili et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4826 fugiendo, ut dicitur in III de anima; neque dicit aliquid laetum et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4827 triste. Ergo praedicta beatitudo non convenienter ponitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4828 respondere dono scientiae.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4829 <p title="II-II q. 9 a. 4 s. c."><a name="39171"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4830 "ref">[39171] IIª-IIae q. 9 a. 4 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4831 est quod Augustinus dicit, in libro de Serm. Dom. in monte,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4832 <i>scientia convenit lugentibus, qui didicerunt quibus malis vincti
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4833 sunt, quae quasi bona petierunt</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4834 <p title="II-II q. 9 a. 4 co."><a name="39172"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4835 "ref">[39172] IIª-IIae q. 9 a. 4 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4836 dicendum quod ad scientiam proprie pertinet rectum iudicium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4837 creaturarum. Creaturae autem sunt ex quibus homo occasionaliter a
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4838 Deo avertitur, secundum illud Sap. XIV, <i>creaturae factae sunt in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4839 odium, et in muscipulam pedibus insipientium</i>, qui scilicet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4840 rectum iudicium de his non habent, dum aestimant in eis esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4841 perfectum bonum; unde in eis finem constituendo, peccant et verum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4842 bonum perdunt. Et hoc damnum homini innotescit per rectum iudicium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4843 de creaturis, quod habetur per donum scientiae. Et ideo beatitudo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4844 luctus ponitur respondere dono scientiae.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4845 <p title="II-II q. 9 a. 4 ad 1"><a name="39173"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4846 "ref">[39173] IIª-IIae q. 9 a. 4 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4847 ergo dicendum quod bona creata non excitant spirituale gaudium nisi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4848 quatenus referuntur ad bonum divinum, ex quo proprie consurgit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4849 gaudium spirituale. Et ideo directe quidem spiritualis pax, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4850 gaudium consequens, respondet dono sapientiae. Dono autem scientiae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4851 respondet quidem primo luctus de praeteritis erratis; et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4852 consequenter consolatio, dum homo per rectum iudicium scientiae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4853 creaturas ordinat in bonum divinum. Et ideo in hac beatitudine
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4854 ponitur luctus pro merito, et consolatio consequens pro praemio.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4855 Quae quidem inchoatur in hac vita, perficitur autem in futura.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4856 <p title="II-II q. 9 a. 4 ad 2"><a name="39174"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4857 "ref">[39174] IIª-IIae q. 9 a. 4 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4858 dicendum quod de ipsa consideratione veritatis homo gaudet, sed de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4859 re circa quam considerat veritatem potest tristari quandoque. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4860 secundum hoc luctus scientiae attribuitur.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4861 <p title="II-II q. 9 a. 4 ad 3"><a name="39175"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4862 "ref">[39175] IIª-IIae q. 9 a. 4 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4863 dicendum quod scientiae secundum quod in speculatione consistit,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4864 non respondet beatitudo aliqua, quia beatitudo hominis non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4865 consistit in consideratione creaturarum, sed in contemplatione Dei.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4866 Sed aliqualiter beatitudo hominis consistit in debito usu
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4867 creaturarum et ordinata affectione circa ipsas, et hoc dico quantum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4868 ad beatitudinem viae. Et ideo scientiae non attribuitur aliqua
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4869 beatitudo pertinens ad contemplationem; sed intellectui et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4870 sapientiae, quae sunt circa divina.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4871 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4872 <div class="D">Quaestio 10</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4873 <div class="G">Prooemium</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4874 <p title="II-II q. 10 pr."><a name="39176"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4875 "ref">[39176] IIª-IIae q. 10 pr.</span></a> Consequenter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4876 considerandum est de vitiis oppositis. Et primo, de infidelitate,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4877 quae opponitur fidei; secundo, de blasphemia, quae opponitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4878 confessioni; tertio, de ignorantia et hebetudine, quae opponuntur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4879 scientiae et intellectui. Circa primum, considerandum est de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4880 infidelitate in communi; secundo, de haeresi, tertio, de apostasia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4881 a fide. Circa primum quaeruntur duodecim. Primo, utrum infidelitas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4882 sit peccatum. Secundo, in quo sit sicut in subiecto. Tertio, utrum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4883 sit maximum peccatorum. Quarto, utrum omnis actio infidelium sit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4884 peccatum. Quinto, de speciebus infidelitatis. Sexto, de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4885 comparatione earum ad invicem. Septimo, utrum cum infidelibus sit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4886 disputandum de fide. Octavo, utrum sint cogendi ad fidem. Nono,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4887 utrum sit eis communicandum. Decimo, utrum possint Christianis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4888 fidelibus praeesse. Undecimo, utrum ritus infidelium sint
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4889 tolerandi. Duodecimo, utrum pueri infidelium sint invitis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4890 parentibus baptizandi.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4891 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4892 <div class="E">Articulus 1</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4893 <p title="II-II q. 10 a. 1 arg. 1"><a name="39177"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4894 "ref">[39177] IIª-IIae q. 10 a. 1 arg. 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4895 sic proceditur. Videtur quod infidelitas non sit peccatum. Omne
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4896 enim peccatum est contra naturam, ut patet per Damascenum, in II
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4897 libro. Sed infidelitas non videtur esse contra naturam, dicit enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4898 Augustinus, in libro de Praed. Sanct., quod <i>posse habere fidem,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4899 sicut posse habere caritatem, naturae est hominum, habere autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4900 fidem, quemadmodum habere caritatem, gratiae est fidelium</i>. Ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4901 non habere fidem, quod est infidelem esse, non est peccatum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4902 <p title="II-II q. 10 a. 1 arg. 2"><a name="39178"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4903 "ref">[39178] IIª-IIae q. 10 a. 1 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4904 nullus peccat in eo quod vitare non potest, quia omne peccatum est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4905 voluntarium. Sed non est in potestate hominis quod infidelitatem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4906 vitet, quam vitare non potest nisi fidem habendo, dicit enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4907 apostolus, ad Rom. X, <i>quomodo credent ei quem non audierunt?
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4908 Quomodo autem audient sine praedicante?</i> Ergo infidelitas non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4909 videtur esse peccatum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4910 <p title="II-II q. 10 a. 1 arg. 3"><a name="39179"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4911 "ref">[39179] IIª-IIae q. 10 a. 1 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4912 sicut supra dictum est, sunt septem vitia capitalia, ad quae omnia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4913 peccata reducuntur. Sub nullo autem horum videtur contineri
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4914 infidelitas. Ergo infidelitas non est peccatum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4915 <p title="II-II q. 10 a. 1 s. c."><a name="39180"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4916 "ref">[39180] IIª-IIae q. 10 a. 1 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4917 virtuti contrariatur vitium. Sed fides est virtus, cui contrariatur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4918 infidelitas. Ergo infidelitas est peccatum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4919 <p title="II-II q. 10 a. 1 co."><a name="39181"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4920 "ref">[39181] IIª-IIae q. 10 a. 1 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4921 dicendum quod infidelitas dupliciter accipi potest. Uno modo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4922 secundum puram negationem, ut dicatur infidelis ex hoc solo quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4923 non habet fidem. Alio modo potest intelligi infidelitas secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4924 contrarietatem ad fidem, quia scilicet aliquis repugnat auditui
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4925 fidei, vel etiam contemnit ipsam, secundum illud Isaiae LIII,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4926 <i>quis credidit auditui nostro?</i> Et in hoc proprie perficitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4927 ratio infidelitatis. Et secundum hoc infidelitas est peccatum. Si
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4928 autem accipiatur infidelitas secundum negationem puram, sicut in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4929 illis qui nihil audierunt de fide, non habet rationem peccati, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4930 magis poenae, quia talis ignorantia divinorum ex peccato primi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4931 parentis est consecuta. Qui autem sic sunt infideles damnantur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4932 quidem propter alia peccata, quae sine fide remitti non possunt,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4933 non autem damnantur propter infidelitatis peccatum. Unde dominus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4934 dicit, Ioan. XV, <i>si non venissem, et locutus eis non fuissem,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4935 peccatum non haberent</i>, quod exponens Augustinus dicit quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4936 <i>loquitur de illo peccato quo non crediderunt in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4937 Christum</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4938 <p title="II-II q. 10 a. 1 ad 1"><a name="39182"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4939 "ref">[39182] IIª-IIae q. 10 a. 1 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4940 ergo dicendum quod habere fidem non est in natura humana, sed in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4941 natura humana est ut mens hominis non repugnet interiori instinctui
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4942 et exteriori veritatis praedicationi. Unde infidelitas secundum hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4943 est contra naturam.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4944 <p title="II-II q. 10 a. 1 ad 2"><a name="39183"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4945 "ref">[39183] IIª-IIae q. 10 a. 1 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4946 dicendum quod ratio illa procedit de infidelitate secundum quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4947 importat simplicem negationem.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4948 <p title="II-II q. 10 a. 1 ad 3"><a name="39184"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4949 "ref">[39184] IIª-IIae q. 10 a. 1 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4950 dicendum quod infidelitas secundum quod est peccatum, oritur ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4951 superbia, ex qua contingit quod homo intellectum suum non vult
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4952 subiicere regulis fidei et sano intellectui patrum. Unde Gregorius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4953 dicit, XXXI Moral., quod <i>ex inani gloria oriuntur novitatum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4954 praesumptiones</i>. Quamvis posset dici quod, sicut virtutes
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4955 theologicae non reducuntur ad virtutes cardinales, sed sunt priores
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4956 eis; ita etiam vitia opposita virtutibus theologicis non reducuntur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4957 ad vitia capitalia.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4958 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4959 <div class="E">Articulus 2</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4960 <p title="II-II q. 10 a. 2 arg. 1"><a name="39185"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4961 "ref">[39185] IIª-IIae q. 10 a. 2 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4962 secundum sic proceditur. Videtur quod infidelitas non sit in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4963 intellectu sicut in subiecto. Omne enim peccatum in voluntate est,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4964 ut Augustinus dicit, in libro de duabus Anim. Sed infidelitas est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4965 quoddam peccatum, ut dictum est. Ergo infidelitas est in voluntate,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4966 non in intellectu.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4967 <p title="II-II q. 10 a. 2 arg. 2"><a name="39186"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4968 "ref">[39186] IIª-IIae q. 10 a. 2 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4969 infidelitas habet rationem peccati ex eo quod praedicatio fidei
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4970 contemnitur. Sed contemptus ad voluntatem pertinet. Ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4971 infidelitas est in voluntate.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4972 <p title="II-II q. 10 a. 2 arg. 3"><a name="39187"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4973 "ref">[39187] IIª-IIae q. 10 a. 2 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4974 II ad Cor. XI, super illud, <i>ipse Satanas transfigurat se in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4975 Angelum lucis</i>, dicit Glossa quod, <i>si Angelus malus se bonum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4976 fingat, etiam si credatur bonus, non est error periculosus aut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4977 morbidus, si facit vel dicit quae bonis Angelis congruunt</i>.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4978 Cuius ratio esse videtur propter rectitudinem voluntatis eius qui
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4979 ei inhaeret intendens bono Angelo adhaerere. Ergo totum peccatum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4980 infidelitatis esse videtur in perversa voluntate. Non ergo est in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4981 intellectu sicut in subiecto.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4982 <p title="II-II q. 10 a. 2 s. c."><a name="39188"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4983 "ref">[39188] IIª-IIae q. 10 a. 2 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4984 contraria sunt in eodem subiecto. Sed fides, cui contrariatur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4985 infidelitas, est in intellectu sicut in subiecto. Ergo et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4986 infidelitas in intellectu est.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4987 <p title="II-II q. 10 a. 2 co."><a name="39189"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4988 "ref">[39189] IIª-IIae q. 10 a. 2 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4989 dicendum quod, sicut supra dictum est, peccatum dicitur esse in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4990 illa potentia quae est principium actus peccati. Actus autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4991 peccati potest habere duplex principium. Unum quidem primum et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4992 universale, quod imperat omnes actus peccatorum, et hoc principium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4993 est voluntas, quia omne peccatum est voluntarium. Aliud autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4994 principium actus peccati est proprium et proximum, quod elicit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4995 peccati actum, sicut concupiscibilis est principium gulae et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4996 luxuriae, et secundum hoc gula et luxuria dicuntur esse in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4997 concupiscibili. Dissentire autem, qui est proprius actus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4998 infidelitatis, est actus intellectus, sed moti a voluntate, sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	4999 et assentire. Et ideo infidelitas, sicut et fides, est quidem in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5000 intellectu sicut in proximo subiecto, in voluntate autem sicut in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5001 primo motivo. Et hoc modo dicitur omne peccatum esse in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5002 voluntate.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5003 <p title="II-II q. 10 a. 2 ad 1"><a name="39190"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5004 "ref">[39190] IIª-IIae q. 10 a. 2 ad 1</span></a> Unde patet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5005 responsio ad primum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5006 <p title="II-II q. 10 a. 2 ad 2"><a name="39191"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5007 "ref">[39191] IIª-IIae q. 10 a. 2 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5008 dicendum quod contemptus voluntatis causat dissensum intellectus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5009 in quo perficitur ratio infidelitatis. Unde causa infidelitatis est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5010 in voluntate, sed ipsa infidelitas est in intellectu.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5011 <p title="II-II q. 10 a. 2 ad 3"><a name="39192"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5012 "ref">[39192] IIª-IIae q. 10 a. 2 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5013 dicendum quod ille qui credit malum Angelum esse bonum non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5014 dissentit ab eo quod est fidei, quia <i>sensus corporis fallitur,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5015 mens vero non removetur a vera rectaque sententia</i>, ut ibidem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5016 dicit Glossa. Sed si aliquis Satanae adhaereret cum incipit ad sua
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5017 ducere, idest ad mala et falsa, tunc non careret peccato, ut ibidem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5018 dicitur.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5019 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5020 <div class="E">Articulus 3</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5021 <p title="II-II q. 10 a. 3 arg. 1"><a name="39193"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5022 "ref">[39193] IIª-IIae q. 10 a. 3 arg. 1</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5023 sic proceditur. Videtur quod infidelitas non sit maximum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5024 peccatorum. Dicit enim Augustinus, et habetur V, qu. I, <i>utrum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5025 Catholicum pessimis moribus alicui haeretico in cuius vita, praeter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5026 id quod haereticus est, non inveniunt homines quod reprehendant,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5027 praeponere debeamus, non audeo praecipitare sententiam</i>. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5028 haereticus est infidelis. Ergo non est simpliciter dicendum quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5029 infidelitas sit maximum peccatorum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5030 <p title="II-II q. 10 a. 3 arg. 2"><a name="39194"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5031 "ref">[39194] IIª-IIae q. 10 a. 3 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5032 illud quod diminuit vel excusat peccatum non videtur esse maximum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5033 peccatum. Sed infidelitas excusat vel diminuit peccatum, dicit enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5034 apostolus, I ad Tim. I, <i>prius fui blasphemus et persecutor et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5035 contumeliosus, sed misericordiam consecutus sum, quia ignorans feci
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5036 in incredulitate</i>. Ergo infidelitas non est maximum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5037 peccatum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5038 <p title="II-II q. 10 a. 3 arg. 3"><a name="39195"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5039 "ref">[39195] IIª-IIae q. 10 a. 3 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5040 maiori peccato debetur maior poena, secundum illud Deut. XXV,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5041 <i>pro mensura peccati erit et plagarum modus</i>. Sed maior poena
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5042 debetur fidelibus peccantibus quam infidelibus, secundum illud ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5043 Heb. X, <i>quanto magis putatis deteriora mereri supplicia qui
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5044 filium Dei conculcaverit, et sanguinem testamenti pollutum duxerit,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5045 in quo sanctificatus est?</i> Ergo infidelitas non est maximum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5046 peccatum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5047 <p title="II-II q. 10 a. 3 s. c."><a name="39196"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5048 "ref">[39196] IIª-IIae q. 10 a. 3 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5049 est quod Augustinus dicit, exponens illud Ioan. XV, <i>si non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5050 venissem, et locutus eis non fuissem, peccatum non haberent,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5051 magnum, inquit, quoddam peccatum sub generali nomine vult
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5052 intelligi. Hoc enim est peccatum, scilicet infidelitatis, quo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5053 tenentur cuncta peccata</i>. Infidelitas ergo est maximum omnium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5054 peccatorum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5055 <p title="II-II q. 10 a. 3 co."><a name="39197"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5056 "ref">[39197] IIª-IIae q. 10 a. 3 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5057 dicendum quod omne peccatum formaliter consistit in aversione a
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5058 Deo, ut supra dictum est. Unde tanto aliquod peccatum est gravius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5059 quanto per ipsum homo magis a Deo separatur. Per infidelitatem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5060 autem maxime homo a Deo elongatur, quia nec veram Dei cognitionem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5061 habet; per falsam autem cognitionem ipsius non appropinquat ei, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5062 magis ab eo elongatur. Nec potest esse quod quantum ad quid Deum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5063 cognoscat qui falsam opinionem de ipso habet, quia id quod ipse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5064 opinatur non est Deus. Unde manifestum est quod peccatum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5065 infidelitatis est maius omnibus peccatis quae contingunt in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5066 perversitate morum. Secus autem est de peccatis quae opponuntur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5067 aliis virtutibus theologicis, ut infra dicetur.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5068 <p title="II-II q. 10 a. 3 ad 1"><a name="39198"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5069 "ref">[39198] IIª-IIae q. 10 a. 3 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5070 ergo dicendum quod nihil prohibet peccatum quod est gravius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5071 secundum suum genus esse minus grave secundum aliquas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5072 circumstantias. Et propter hoc Augustinus noluit praecipitare
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5073 sententiam de malo Catholico et haeretico alias non peccante, quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5074 peccatum haeretici, etsi sit gravius ex genere, potest tamen ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5075 aliqua circumstantia alleviari; et e converso peccatum Catholici ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5076 aliqua circumstantia aggravari.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5077 <p title="II-II q. 10 a. 3 ad 2"><a name="39199"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5078 "ref">[39199] IIª-IIae q. 10 a. 3 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5079 dicendum quod infidelitas habet et ignorantiam adiunctam, et habet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5080 renisum ad ea quae sunt fidei, et ex hac parte habet rationem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5081 peccati gravissimi. Ex parte autem ignorantiae habet aliquam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5082 rationem excusationis, et maxime quando aliquis ex malitia non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5083 peccat, sicut fuit in apostolo.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5084 <p title="II-II q. 10 a. 3 ad 3"><a name="39200"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5085 "ref">[39200] IIª-IIae q. 10 a. 3 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5086 dicendum quod infidelis pro peccato infidelitatis gravius punitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5087 quam alius peccator pro quocumque alio peccato, considerato peccati
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5088 genere. Sed pro alio peccato, puta pro adulterio, si committatur a
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5089 fideli et ab infideli, ceteris paribus, gravius peccat fidelis quam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5090 infidelis, tum propter notitiam veritatis ex fide; tum etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5091 propter sacramenta fidei quibus est imbutus, quibus peccando
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5092 contumeliam facit.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5093 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5094 <div class="E">Articulus 4</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5095 <p title="II-II q. 10 a. 4 arg. 1"><a name="39201"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5096 "ref">[39201] IIª-IIae q. 10 a. 4 arg. 1</span></a> Ad quartum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5097 sic proceditur. Videtur quod quaelibet actio infidelis sit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5098 peccatum. Quia super illud Rom. XIV, <i>omne quod non est ex fide
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5099 peccatum est</i>, dicit Glossa, <i>omnis infidelium vita est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5100 peccatum</i>. Sed ad vitam infidelium pertinet omne quod agunt.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5101 Ergo omnis actio infidelis est peccatum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5102 <p title="II-II q. 10 a. 4 arg. 2"><a name="39202"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5103 "ref">[39202] IIª-IIae q. 10 a. 4 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5104 fides intentionem dirigit. Sed nullum bonum potest esse quod non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5105 est ex intentione recta. Ergo in infidelibus nulla actio potest
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5106 esse bona.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5107 <p title="II-II q. 10 a. 4 arg. 3"><a name="39203"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5108 "ref">[39203] IIª-IIae q. 10 a. 4 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5109 corrupto priori, corrumpuntur posteriora. Sed actus fidei praecedit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5110 actus omnium virtutum. Ergo, cum in infidelibus non sit actus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5111 fidei, nullum bonum opus facere possunt, sed in omni actu suo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5112 peccant.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5113 <p title="II-II q. 10 a. 4 s. c."><a name="39204"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5114 "ref">[39204] IIª-IIae q. 10 a. 4 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5115 est quod Cornelio adhuc infideli existenti dictum est quod acceptae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5116 erant Deo eleemosynae eius. Ergo non omnis actio infidelis est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5117 peccatum, sed aliqua actio eius est bona.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5118 <p title="II-II q. 10 a. 4 co."><a name="39205"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5119 "ref">[39205] IIª-IIae q. 10 a. 4 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5120 dicendum quod, sicut supra dictum est, peccatum mortale tollit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5121 gratiam gratum facientem, non autem totaliter corrumpit bonum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5122 naturae. Unde, cum infidelitas sit quoddam mortale peccatum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5123 infideles quidem gratia carent, remanet tamen in eis aliquod bonum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5124 naturae. Unde manifestum est quod infideles non possunt operari
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5125 opera bona quae sunt ex gratia, scilicet opera meritoria, tamen
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5126 opera bona ad quae sufficit bonum naturae aliqualiter operari
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5127 possunt. Unde non oportet quod in omni suo opere peccent, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5128 quandocumque aliquod opus operantur ex infidelitate, tunc peccant.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5129 Sicut enim habens fidem potest aliquod peccatum committere in actu
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5130 quem non refert ad fidei finem, vel venialiter vel etiam mortaliter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5131 peccando; ita etiam infidelis potest aliquem actum bonum facere in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5132 eo quod non refert ad finem infidelitatis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5133 <p title="II-II q. 10 a. 4 ad 1"><a name="39206"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5134 "ref">[39206] IIª-IIae q. 10 a. 4 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5135 ergo dicendum quod verbum illud est intelligendum vel quia vita
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5136 infidelium non potest esse sine peccato, cum peccata sine fide non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5137 tollantur. Vel quia quidquid agunt ex infidelitate peccatum est.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5138 Unde ibi subditur, <i>quia omnis infideliter vivens vel agens
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5139 vehementer peccat</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5140 <p title="II-II q. 10 a. 4 ad 2"><a name="39207"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5141 "ref">[39207] IIª-IIae q. 10 a. 4 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5142 dicendum quod fides dirigit intentionem respectu finis ultimi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5143 supernaturalis. Sed lumen etiam naturalis rationis potest dirigere
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5144 intentionem respectu alicuius boni connaturalis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5145 <p title="II-II q. 10 a. 4 ad 3"><a name="39208"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5146 "ref">[39208] IIª-IIae q. 10 a. 4 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5147 dicendum quod per infidelitatem non corrumpitur totaliter in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5148 infidelibus ratio naturalis, quin remaneat in eis aliqua veri
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5149 cognitio, per quam possunt facere aliquod opus de genere bonorum.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5150 De Cornelio tamen sciendum est quod infidelis non erat, alioquin
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5151 eius operatio accepta non fuisset Deo, cui sine fide nullus potest
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5152 placere. Habebat autem fidem implicitam, nondum manifestata
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5153 Evangelii veritate. Unde ut eum in fide plene instrueret, mittitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5154 ad eum Petrus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5155 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5156 <div class="E">Articulus 5</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5157 <p title="II-II q. 10 a. 5 arg. 1"><a name="39209"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5158 "ref">[39209] IIª-IIae q. 10 a. 5 arg. 1</span></a> Ad quintum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5159 sic proceditur. Videtur quod non sint plures infidelitatis species.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5160 Cum enim fides et infidelitas sint contraria, oportet quod sint
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5161 circa idem. Sed formale obiectum fidei est veritas prima, a qua
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5162 habet unitatem, licet multa materialiter credat. Ergo etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5163 obiectum infidelitatis est veritas prima, ea vero quae discredit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5164 infidelis materialiter se habent in infidelitate. Sed differentia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5165 secundum speciem non attenditur secundum principia materialia, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5166 secundum principia formalia. Ergo infidelitatis non sunt diversae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5167 species secundum diversitatem eorum in quibus infideles errant.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5168 <p title="II-II q. 10 a. 5 arg. 2"><a name="39210"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5169 "ref">[39210] IIª-IIae q. 10 a. 5 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5170 infinitis modis potest aliquis a veritate fidei deviare. Si igitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5171 secundum diversitates errorum diversae species infidelitatis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5172 assignentur, videtur sequi quod sint infinitae infidelitatis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5173 species. Et ita huiusmodi species non sunt considerandae.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5174 <p title="II-II q. 10 a. 5 arg. 3"><a name="39211"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5175 "ref">[39211] IIª-IIae q. 10 a. 5 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5176 idem non invenitur in diversis speciebus. Sed contingit aliquem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5177 esse infidelem ex eo quod errat circa diversa. Ergo diversitas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5178 errorum non facit diversas species infidelitatis. Sic igitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5179 infidelitatis non sunt plures species.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5180 <p title="II-II q. 10 a. 5 s. c."><a name="39212"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5181 "ref">[39212] IIª-IIae q. 10 a. 5 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5182 est quod unicuique virtuti opponuntur plures species vitiorum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5183 bonum enim contingit uno modo, malum vero multipliciter, ut patet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5184 per Dionysium, IV cap. de Div. Nom., et per philosophum, in II
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5185 Ethic. Sed fides est una virtus. Ergo ei opponuntur plures
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5186 infidelitatis species.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5187 <p title="II-II q. 10 a. 5 co."><a name="39213"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5188 "ref">[39213] IIª-IIae q. 10 a. 5 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5189 dicendum quod quaelibet virtus consistit in hoc quod attingat
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5190 regulam aliquam cognitionis vel operationis humanae, ut supra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5191 dictum est. Attingere autem regulam est uno modo circa unam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5192 materiam, sed a regula deviare contingit multipliciter. Et ideo uni
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5193 virtuti multa vitia opponuntur. Diversitas autem vitiorum quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5194 unicuique virtuti opponitur potest considerari dupliciter. Uno
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5195 modo, secundum diversam habitudinem ad virtutem. Et secundum hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5196 determinatae sunt quaedam species vitiorum quae opponuntur virtuti,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5197 sicut virtuti morali opponitur unum vitium secundum excessum ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5198 virtutem, et aliud vitium secundum defectum a virtute. Alio modo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5199 potest considerari diversitas vitiorum oppositorum uni virtuti
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5200 secundum corruptionem diversorum quae ad virtutem requiruntur. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5201 secundum hoc uni virtuti, puta temperantiae vel fortitudini,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5202 opponuntur infinita vitia, secundum quod infinitis modis contingit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5203 diversas circumstantias virtutis corrumpi, ut a rectitudine
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5204 virtutis recedatur. Unde et Pythagorici malum posuerunt infinitum.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5205 Sic ergo dicendum est quod, si infidelitas attendatur secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5206 comparationem ad fidem, diversae sunt infidelitatis species et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5207 numero determinatae. Cum enim peccatum infidelitatis consistat in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5208 renitendo fidei, hoc potest contingere dupliciter. Quia aut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5209 renititur fidei nondum susceptae, et talis est infidelitas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5210 Paganorum sive gentilium. Aut renititur fidei Christianae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5211 susceptae, vel in figura, et sic est infidelitas Iudaeorum; vel in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5212 ipsa manifestatione veritatis, et sic est infidelitas haereticorum.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5213 Unde in generali possunt assignari tres praedictae species
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5214 infidelitatis. Si vero distinguantur infidelitatis species secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5215 errorem in diversis quae ad fidem pertinent, sic non sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5216 determinatae infidelitatis species, possunt enim errores in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5217 infinitum multiplicari, ut patet per Augustinum, in libro de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5218 haeresibus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5219 <p title="II-II q. 10 a. 5 ad 1"><a name="39214"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5220 "ref">[39214] IIª-IIae q. 10 a. 5 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5221 ergo dicendum quod formalis ratio alicuius peccati potest accipi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5222 dupliciter. Uno modo, secundum intentionem peccantis, et sic id ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5223 quod convertitur peccans est formale obiectum peccati; et ex hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5224 diversificantur eius species. Alio modo, secundum rationem mali, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5225 sic illud bonum a quo receditur est formale obiectum peccati; sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5226 ex hac parte peccatum non habet speciem, immo privatio est speciei.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5227 Sic igitur dicendum est quod infidelitatis obiectum est veritas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5228 prima sicut a qua recedit, sed formale eius obiectum sicut ad quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5229 convertitur est sententia falsa quam sequitur; et ex hac parte eius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5230 species diversificantur. Unde sicut caritas est una, quae inhaeret
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5231 summo bono, sunt autem diversa vitia caritati opposita, quae per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5232 conversionem ad diversa bona temporalia recedunt ab uno summo bono,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5233 et iterum secundum diversas habitudines inordinatas ad Deum; ita
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5234 etiam fides est una virtus, ex hoc quod adhaeret uni primae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5235 veritati; sed infidelitatis species sunt multae, ex hoc quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5236 infideles diversas falsas sententias sequuntur.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5237 <p title="II-II q. 10 a. 5 ad 2"><a name="39215"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5238 "ref">[39215] IIª-IIae q. 10 a. 5 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5239 dicendum quod obiectio illa procedit de distinctione specierum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5240 infidelitatis secundum diversa in quibus erratur.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5241 <p title="II-II q. 10 a. 5 ad 3"><a name="39216"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5242 "ref">[39216] IIª-IIae q. 10 a. 5 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5243 dicendum quod sicut fides est una quia multa credit in ordine ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5244 unum, ita infidelitas potest esse una, etiam si in multis erret,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5245 inquantum omnia habent ordinem ad unum. Nihil tamen prohibet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5246 hominem diversis infidelitatis speciebus errare, sicut etiam potest
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5247 unus homo diversis vitiis subiacere et diversis corporalibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5248 morbis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5249 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5250 <div class="E">Articulus 6</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5251 <p title="II-II q. 10 a. 6 arg. 1"><a name="39217"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5252 "ref">[39217] IIª-IIae q. 10 a. 6 arg. 1</span></a> Ad sextum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5253 sic proceditur. Videtur quod infidelitas gentilium sive Paganorum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5254 sit gravior ceteris. Sicut enim corporalis morbus tanto est gravior
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5255 quanto saluti principalioris membri contrariatur, ita peccatum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5256 tanto videtur esse gravius quanto contrariatur ei quod est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5257 principalius in virtute. Sed principalius in fide est fides
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5258 unitatis divinae, a qua deficiunt gentiles, multitudinem deorum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5259 credentes. Ergo eorum infidelitas est gravissima.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5260 <p title="II-II q. 10 a. 6 arg. 2"><a name="39218"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5261 "ref">[39218] IIª-IIae q. 10 a. 6 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5262 inter haereticos tanto haeresis aliquorum detestabilior est quanto
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5263 in pluribus et principalioribus veritati fidei contradicunt, sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5264 haeresis Arii, qui separavit divinitatem, detestabilior fuit quam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5265 haeresis Nestorii, qui separavit humanitatem Christi a persona
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5266 filii Dei. Sed gentiles in pluribus et principalioribus recedunt a
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5267 fide quam Iudaei et haeretici, quia omnino nihil de fide recipiunt.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5268 Ergo eorum infidelitas est gravissima.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5269 <p title="II-II q. 10 a. 6 arg. 3"><a name="39219"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5270 "ref">[39219] IIª-IIae q. 10 a. 6 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5271 omne bonum est diminutivum mali. Sed aliquod bonum est in Iudaeis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5272 quia confitentur vetus testamentum esse a Deo. Bonum etiam est in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5273 haereticis, quia venerantur novum testamentum. Ergo minus peccant
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5274 quam gentiles, qui utrumque testamentum detestantur.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5275 <p title="II-II q. 10 a. 6 s. c."><a name="39220"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5276 "ref">[39220] IIª-IIae q. 10 a. 6 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5277 est quod dicitur II Pet. II, <i>melius erat illis non cognoscere
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5278 viam iustitiae quam post cognitam retrorsum converti</i>. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5279 gentiles non cognoverunt viam iustitiae, haeretici autem et Iudaei
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5280 aliqualiter cognoscentes deseruerunt. Ergo eorum peccatum est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5281 gravius.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5282 <p title="II-II q. 10 a. 6 co."><a name="39221"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5283 "ref">[39221] IIª-IIae q. 10 a. 6 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5284 dicendum quod in infidelitate, sicut dictum est, duo possunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5285 considerari. Quorum unum est comparatio eius ad fidem. Et ex hac
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5286 parte aliquis gravius contra fidem peccat qui fidei renititur quam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5287 suscepit quam qui renititur fidei nondum susceptae, sicut gravius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5288 peccat qui non implet quod promisit quam si non impleat quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5289 nunquam promisit. Et secundum hoc infidelitas haereticorum, qui
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5290 profitentur fidem Evangelii et ei renituntur corrumpentes ipsam,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5291 gravius peccant quam Iudaei, qui fidem Evangelii nunquam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5292 susceperunt. Sed quia susceperunt eius figuram in veteri lege, quam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5293 male interpretantes corrumpunt, ideo etiam ipsorum infidelitas est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5294 gravius peccatum quam infidelitas gentilium, qui nullo modo fidem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5295 Evangelii susceperunt. Aliud quod in infidelitate consideratur est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5296 corruptio eorum quae ad fidem pertinent. Et secundum hoc, cum in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5297 pluribus errent gentiles quam Iudaei, et Iudaei quam haeretici,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5298 gravior est infidelitas gentilium quam Iudaeorum, et Iudaeorum quam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5299 haereticorum, nisi forte quorundam, puta Manichaeorum, qui etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5300 circa credibilia plus errant quam gentiles. Harum tamen duarum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5301 gravitatum prima praeponderat secundae quantum ad rationem culpae.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5302 Quia infidelitas habet rationem culpae, ut supra dictum est, magis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5303 ex hoc quod renititur fidei quam ex hoc quod non habet ea quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5304 fidei sunt, hoc enim videtur, ut dictum est, magis ad rationem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5305 poenae pertinere unde, simpliciter loquendo, infidelitas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5306 haereticorum est pessima.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5307 <p title="II-II q. 10 a. 6 ad arg."><a name="39222"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5308 "ref">[39222] IIª-IIae q. 10 a. 6 ad arg.</span></a> Et per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5309 hoc patet responsio ad obiecta.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5310 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5311 <div class="E">Articulus 7</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5312 <p title="II-II q. 10 a. 7 arg. 1"><a name="39223"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5313 "ref">[39223] IIª-IIae q. 10 a. 7 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5314 septimum sic proceditur. Videtur quod non sit cum infidelibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5315 publice disputandum. Dicit enim apostolus, II ad Tim. II, <i>noli
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5316 verbis contendere, ad nihilum enim utile est nisi ad subversionem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5317 audientium</i>. Sed disputatio publica cum infidelibus fieri non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5318 potest sine contentione verborum. Ergo non est publice disputandum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5319 cum infidelibus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5320 <p title="II-II q. 10 a. 7 arg. 2"><a name="39224"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5321 "ref">[39224] IIª-IIae q. 10 a. 7 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5322 lex Marciani Augusti, per canones confirmata, sic dicit,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5323 <i>iniuriam facit iudicio religiosissimae synodi, si quis semel
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5324 iudicata ac recte disposita revolvere et publice disputare
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5325 contendit</i>. Sed omnia quae ad fidem pertinent sunt per sacra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5326 Concilia determinata. Ergo graviter peccat, iniuriam synodo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5327 faciens, si quis de his quae sunt fidei publice disputare
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5328 praesumat.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5329 <p title="II-II q. 10 a. 7 arg. 3"><a name="39225"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5330 "ref">[39225] IIª-IIae q. 10 a. 7 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5331 disputatio argumentis aliquibus agitur. Sed argumentum est ratio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5332 rei dubiae faciens fidem. Ea autem quae sunt fidei, cum sint
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5333 certissima, non sunt in dubitationem adducenda. Ergo de his quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5334 sunt fidei non est publice disputandum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5335 <p title="II-II q. 10 a. 7 s. c."><a name="39226"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5336 "ref">[39226] IIª-IIae q. 10 a. 7 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5337 est quod Act. IX dicitur quod <i>Saulus invalescebat et confundebat
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5338 Iudaeos; et quod loquebatur gentibus et disputabat cum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5339 Graecis</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5340 <p title="II-II q. 10 a. 7 co."><a name="39227"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5341 "ref">[39227] IIª-IIae q. 10 a. 7 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5342 dicendum quod in disputatione fidei duo sunt consideranda, unum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5343 quidem ex parte disputantis; aliud autem ex parte audientium. Ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5344 parte quidem disputantis est consideranda intentio. Si enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5345 disputet tanquam de fide dubitans, et veritatem fidei pro certo non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5346 supponens, sed argumentis experiri intendens, procul dubio peccat,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5347 tanquam dubius in fide et infidelis. Si autem disputet aliquis de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5348 fide ad confutandum errores, vel etiam ad exercitium, laudabile
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5349 est. Ex parte vero audientium considerandum est utrum illi qui
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5350 disputationem audiunt sint instructi et firmi in fide, aut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5351 simplices et in fide titubantes. Et coram quidem sapientibus in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5352 fide firmis nullum periculum est disputare de fide. Sed circa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5353 simplices est distinguendum. Quia aut sunt sollicitati sive pulsati
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5354 ab infidelibus, puta Iudaeis vel haereticis sive Paganis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5355 nitentibus corrumpere in eis fidem, aut omnino non sunt sollicitati
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5356 super hoc, sicut in terris in quibus non sunt infideles. In primo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5357 casu necessarium est publice disputare de fide, dummodo inveniantur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5358 aliqui ad hoc sufficientes et idonei, qui errores confutare
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5359 possint. Per hoc enim simplices in fide firmabuntur; et tolletur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5360 infidelibus decipiendi facultas; et ipsa taciturnitas eorum qui
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5361 resistere deberent pervertentibus fidei veritatem esset erroris
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5362 confirmatio. Unde Gregorius, in II Pastoral., <i>sicut incauta
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5363 locutio in errorem pertrahit, ita indiscretum silentium eos qui
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5364 erudiri poterant in errore derelinquit</i>. In secundo vero casu
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5365 periculosum est publice disputare de fide coram simplicibus; quorum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5366 fides ex hoc est firmior quod nihil diversum audierunt ab eo quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5367 credunt. Et ideo non expedit eis ut verba infidelium audiant
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5368 disceptantium contra fidem.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5369 <p title="II-II q. 10 a. 7 ad 1"><a name="39228"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5370 "ref">[39228] IIª-IIae q. 10 a. 7 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5371 ergo dicendum quod apostolus non prohibet totaliter disputationem,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5372 sed inordinatam, quae magis fit contentione verborum quam firmitate
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5373 sententiarum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5374 <p title="II-II q. 10 a. 7 ad 2"><a name="39229"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5375 "ref">[39229] IIª-IIae q. 10 a. 7 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5376 dicendum quod lex illa prohibet publicam disputationem de fide quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5377 procedit ex dubitatione fidei, non autem illam quae est ad fidei
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5378 conservationem.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5379 <p title="II-II q. 10 a. 7 ad 3"><a name="39230"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5380 "ref">[39230] IIª-IIae q. 10 a. 7 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5381 dicendum quod non debet disputari de his quae sunt fidei quasi de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5382 eis dubitando, sed propter veritatem manifestandam et errores
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5383 confutandos. Oportet enim ad fidei confirmationem aliquando cum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5384 infidelibus disputare, quandoque quidem defendendo fidem, secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5385 illud I Pet. III, <i>parati semper ad satisfactionem omni poscenti
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5386 vos rationem de ea quae est in vobis spe et fide</i>; quandoque
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5387 autem ad convincendos errantes, secundum illud ad Tit. I, <i>ut sit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5388 potens exhortari in doctrina sana, et eos qui contradicunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5389 arguere</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5390 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5391 <div class="E">Articulus 8</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5392 <p title="II-II q. 10 a. 8 arg. 1"><a name="39231"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5393 "ref">[39231] IIª-IIae q. 10 a. 8 arg. 1</span></a> Ad octavum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5394 sic proceditur. Videtur quod infideles nullo modo compellendi sint
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5395 ad fidem. Dicitur enim Matth. XIII quod servi patrisfamilias in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5396 cuius agro erant zizania seminata quaesierunt ab eo, <i>vis imus et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5397 colligimus ea? Et ipse respondit, non, ne forte, colligentes
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5398 zizania, eradicetis simul cum eis triticum</i>. Ubi dicit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5399 Chrysostomus, <i>haec dixit dominus prohibens occisiones fieri. Nec
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5400 enim oportet interficere haereticos, quia si eos occideritis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5401 necesse est multos sanctorum simul subverti</i>. Ergo videtur quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5402 pari ratione nec aliqui infideles sint ad fidem cogendi.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5403 <p title="II-II q. 10 a. 8 arg. 2"><a name="39232"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5404 "ref">[39232] IIª-IIae q. 10 a. 8 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5405 in decretis, dist. XLV, sic dicitur, <i>de Iudaeis praecepit sancta
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5406 synodus nemini deinceps ad credendum vim inferre</i>. Ergo pari
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5407 ratione nec alii infideles sunt ad fidem cogendi.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5408 <p title="II-II q. 10 a. 8 arg. 3"><a name="39233"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5409 "ref">[39233] IIª-IIae q. 10 a. 8 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5410 Augustinus dicit quod cetera potest homo nolens, credere nonnisi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5411 volens. Sed voluntas cogi non potest. Ergo videtur quod infideles
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5412 non sint ad fidem cogendi.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5413 <p title="II-II q. 10 a. 8 arg. 4"><a name="39234"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5414 "ref">[39234] IIª-IIae q. 10 a. 8 arg. 4</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5415 Ezech. XVIII dicitur ex persona Dei, <i>nolo mortem peccatoris</i>.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5416 Sed nos debemus voluntatem nostram conformare divinae, ut supra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5417 dictum est. Ergo etiam nos non debemus velle quod infideles
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5418 occidantur.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5419 <p title="II-II q. 10 a. 8 s. c."><a name="39235"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5420 "ref">[39235] IIª-IIae q. 10 a. 8 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5421 est quod dicitur Luc. XIV, <i>exi in vias et saepes et compelle
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5422 intrare, ut impleatur domus mea</i>. Sed homines in domum Dei,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5423 idest in Ecclesiam, intrant per fidem. Ergo aliqui sunt compellendi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5424 ad fidem.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5425 <p title="II-II q. 10 a. 8 co."><a name="39236"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5426 "ref">[39236] IIª-IIae q. 10 a. 8 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5427 dicendum quod infidelium quidam sunt qui nunquam susceperunt fidem,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5428 sicut gentiles et Iudaei. Et tales nullo modo sunt ad fidem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5429 compellendi, ut ipsi credant, quia credere voluntatis est. Sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5430 tamen compellendi a fidelibus, si facultas adsit, ut fidem non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5431 impediant vel blasphemiis, vel malis persuasionibus, vel etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5432 apertis persecutionibus. Et propter hoc fideles Christi frequenter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5433 contra infideles bellum movent, non quidem ut eos ad credendum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5434 cogant (quia si etiam eos vicissent et captivos haberent, in eorum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5435 libertate relinquerent an credere vellent), sed propter hoc ut eos
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5436 compellant ne fidem Christi impediant. Alii vero sunt infideles qui
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5437 quandoque fidem susceperunt et eam profitentur, sicut haeretici vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5438 quicumque apostatae. Et tales sunt etiam corporaliter compellendi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5439 ut impleant quod promiserunt et teneant quod semel susceperunt.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5440 <p title="II-II q. 10 a. 8 ad 1"><a name="39237"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5441 "ref">[39237] IIª-IIae q. 10 a. 8 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5442 ergo dicendum quod per illam auctoritatem quidam intellexerunt esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5443 prohibitam non quidem excommunicationem haereticorum, sed eorum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5444 occisionem, ut patet per auctoritatem Chrysostomi inductam. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5445 Augustinus, ad Vincentium, de se dicit, <i>haec primitus mea
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5446 sententia erat, neminem ad unitatem Christi esse cogendum, verbo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5447 esse agendum, disputatione pugnandum. Sed haec opinio mea non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5448 contradicentium verbis, sed demonstrantium superatur exemplis.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5449 Legum enim terror ita profuit ut multi dicant, gratias domino, qui
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5450 vincula nostra dirupit</i>. Quod ergo dominus dicit, <i>sinite
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5451 utraque crescere usque ad messem</i>, qualiter intelligendum sit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5452 apparet ex hoc quod subditur, <i>ne forte, colligentes zizania,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5453 eradicetis simul cum eis et triticum</i>. Ubi satis ostendit, sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5454 Augustinus dicit (contra Epist. Parmen.), <i>cum metus iste non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5455 subest, idest quando ita cuiusque crimen notum est et omnibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5456 execrabile apparet ut vel nullos prorsus, vel non tales habeat
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5457 defensores per quos possit schisma contingere, non dormiat
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5458 severitas disciplinae</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5459 <p title="II-II q. 10 a. 8 ad 2"><a name="39238"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5460 "ref">[39238] IIª-IIae q. 10 a. 8 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5461 dicendum quod Iudaei, si nullo modo susceperunt fidem, non sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5462 cogendi ad fidem. Si autem susceperunt fidem, <i>oportet ut fidem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5463 necessitate cogantur retinere</i>, sicut in eodem capitulo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5464 dicitur.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5465 <p title="II-II q. 10 a. 8 ad 3"><a name="39239"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5466 "ref">[39239] IIª-IIae q. 10 a. 8 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5467 dicendum quod, sicut vovere est voluntatis, reddere autem est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5468 necessitatis, ita accipere fidem est voluntatis, sed tenere iam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5469 acceptam est necessitatis. Et ideo haeretici sunt compellendi ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5470 fidem teneant. Dicit enim Augustinus, ad Bonifacium comitem, <i>ubi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5471 est quod isti clamare consueverunt, liberum est credere vel non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5472 credere, cui vim Christus intulit? Agnoscant in Paulo prius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5473 cogentem Christum et postea docentem</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5474 <p title="II-II q. 10 a. 8 ad 4"><a name="39240"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5475 "ref">[39240] IIª-IIae q. 10 a. 8 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5476 dicendum quod, sicut in eadem epistola Augustinus dicit, <i>nullus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5477 nostrum vult aliquem haereticum perire. Sed aliter non meruit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5478 habere pacem domus David, nisi Absalom filius eius in bello quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5479 contra patrem gerebat fuisset extinctus. Sic Ecclesia Catholica, si
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5480 aliquorum perditione ceteros colligit, dolorem materni sanat cordis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5481 tantorum liberatione populorum</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5482 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5483 <div class="E">Articulus 9</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5484 <p title="II-II q. 10 a. 9 arg. 1"><a name="39241"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5485 "ref">[39241] IIª-IIae q. 10 a. 9 arg. 1</span></a> Ad nonum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5486 sic proceditur. Videtur quod cum infidelibus possit communicari.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5487 Dicit enim apostolus, I ad Cor. X, <i>si quis vocat vos infidelium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5488 ad coenam, et vultis ire, omne quod vobis apponitur manducate</i>.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5489 Et Chrysostomus dicit, <i>ad mensam Paganorum si volueris ire, sine
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5490 ulla prohibitione permittimus</i>. Sed ad coenam alicuius ire est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5491 ei communicare. Ergo licet infidelibus communicare.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5492 <p title="II-II q. 10 a. 9 arg. 2"><a name="39242"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5493 "ref">[39242] IIª-IIae q. 10 a. 9 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5494 apostolus dicit, I ad Cor. V, <i>quid mihi est de his qui foris
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5495 sunt iudicare?</i> Foris autem sunt infideles. Cum igitur per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5496 iudicium Ecclesiae aliquorum communio fidelibus inhibeatur, videtur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5497 quod non sit inhibendum fidelibus cum infidelibus communicare.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5498 <p title="II-II q. 10 a. 9 arg. 3"><a name="39243"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5499 "ref">[39243] IIª-IIae q. 10 a. 9 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5500 dominus non potest uti servo nisi ei communicando saltem verbo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5501 quia dominus movet servum per imperium. Sed Christiani possunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5502 habere servos infideles, vel Iudaeos vel etiam Paganos sive
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5503 Saracenos. Ergo possunt licite cum eis communicare.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5504 <p title="II-II q. 10 a. 9 s. c."><a name="39244"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5505 "ref">[39244] IIª-IIae q. 10 a. 9 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5506 est quod dicitur Deut. VII, <i>non inibis cum eis foedus, nec
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5507 misereberis eorum, neque sociabis cum eis connubia</i>. Et super
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5508 illud Lev. XV, <i>mulier quae redeunte mense</i> etc., dicit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5509 Glossa, <i>sic oportet ab idololatria abstinere ut nec idololatras
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5510 nec eorum discipulos contingamus, nec cum eis communionem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5511 habeamus</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5512 <p title="II-II q. 10 a. 9 co."><a name="39245"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5513 "ref">[39245] IIª-IIae q. 10 a. 9 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5514 dicendum quod communio alicuius personae interdicitur fidelibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5515 dupliciter, uno modo, in poenam illius cui communio fidelium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5516 subtrahitur; alio modo, ad cautelam eorum quibus interdicitur ne
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5517 alii communicent. Et utraque causa ex verbis apostoli accipi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5518 potest, I ad Cor. V. Nam postquam sententiam excommunicationis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5519 protulit, subdit pro ratione, <i>nescitis quia modicum fermentum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5520 totam massam corrumpit?</i> Et postea rationem subdit ex parte
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5521 poenae per iudicium Ecclesiae illatae, cum dicit, <i>nonne de his
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5522 qui intus sunt vos iudicatis?</i> Primo igitur modo non interdicit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5523 Ecclesia fidelibus communionem infidelium qui nullo modo fidem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5524 Christianam receperunt, scilicet Paganorum vel Iudaeorum, quia non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5525 habet de eis iudicare spirituali iudicio, sed temporali, in casu
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5526 cum, inter Christianos commorantes, aliquam culpam committunt et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5527 per fideles temporaliter puniuntur. Sed isto modo, scilicet in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5528 poenam, interdicit Ecclesia fidelibus communionem illorum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5529 infidelium qui a fide suscepta deviant, vel corrumpendo fidem,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5530 sicut haeretici, vel etiam totaliter a fide recedendo, sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5531 apostatae. In utrosque enim horum excommunicationis sententiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5532 profert Ecclesia. Sed quantum ad secundum modum, videtur esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5533 distinguendum secundum diversas conditiones personarum et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5534 negotiorum et temporum. Si enim aliqui fuerint firmi in fide, ita
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5535 quod ex communione eorum cum infidelibus conversio infidelium magis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5536 sperari possit quam fidelium a fide aversio; non sunt prohibendi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5537 infidelibus communicare qui fidem non susceperunt, scilicet Paganis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5538 vel Iudaeis, et maxime si necessitas urgeat. Si autem sint
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5539 simplices et infirmi in fide, de quorum subversione probabiliter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5540 timeri possit, prohibendi sunt ab infidelium communione, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5541 praecipue ne magnam familiaritatem cum eis habeant, vel absque
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5542 necessitate eis communicent.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5543 <p title="II-II q. 10 a. 9 ad 1"><a name="39246"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5544 "ref">[39246] IIª-IIae q. 10 a. 9 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5545 ergo dicendum quod dominus illud praecipit de illis gentibus quarum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5546 terram ingressuri erant Iudaei, qui erant proni ad idololatriam, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5547 ideo timendum erat ne per continuam conversationem cum eis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5548 alienarentur a fide. Et ideo ibidem subditur, <i>quia seducet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5549 filium tuum ne sequatur me</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5550 <p title="II-II q. 10 a. 9 ad 2"><a name="39247"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5551 "ref">[39247] IIª-IIae q. 10 a. 9 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5552 dicendum quod Ecclesia in infideles non habet iudicium quoad poenam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5553 spiritualem eis infligendam. Habet tamen iudicium super aliquos
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5554 infideles quoad temporalem poenam infligendam, ad quod pertinet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5555 quod Ecclesia aliquando, propter aliquas speciales culpas,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5556 subtrahit aliquibus infidelibus communionem fidelium.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5557 <p title="II-II q. 10 a. 9 ad 3"><a name="39248"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5558 "ref">[39248] IIª-IIae q. 10 a. 9 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5559 dicendum quod magis est probabile quod servus, qui regitur imperio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5560 domini, convertatur ad fidem domini fidelis, quam e converso. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5561 ideo non est prohibitum quin fideles habeant servos infideles. Si
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5562 tamen domino periculum immineret ex communione talis servi, deberet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5563 eum a se abiicere, secundum illud mandatum domini, Matth. V et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5564 XVIII, <i>si pes tuus scandalizaverit te, abscinde eum et proiice
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5565 abs te</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5566 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5567 <div class="E">Articulus 10</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5568 <p title="II-II q. 10 a. 10 arg. 1"><a name="39249"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5569 "ref">[39249] IIª-IIae q. 10 a. 10 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5570 decimum sic proceditur. Videtur quod infideles possint habere
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5571 praelationem vel dominium supra fideles. Dicit enim apostolus, I ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5572 Tim. VI, <i>quicumque sunt sub iugo servi dominos suos omni honore
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5573 dignos arbitrentur</i>, et quod loquatur de infidelibus patet per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5574 hoc quod subdit, <i>qui autem fideles habent dominos non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5575 contemnant</i>. Et I Pet. II dicitur, <i>servi, subditi estote in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5576 omni timore dominis, non tantum bonis et modestis, sed etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5577 dyscolis</i>. Non autem hoc praeciperetur per apostolicam doctrinam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5578 nisi infideles possent fidelibus praeesse. Ergo videtur quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5579 infideles possint praeesse fidelibus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5580 <p title="II-II q. 10 a. 10 arg. 2"><a name="39250"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5581 "ref">[39250] IIª-IIae q. 10 a. 10 arg. 2</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5582 Praeterea, quicumque sunt de familia alicuius principis subsunt ei.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5583 Sed fideles aliqui erant de familiis infidelium principum, unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5584 dicitur ad Philipp. IV, <i>salutant vos omnes sancti, maxime autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5585 qui de Caesaris domo sunt</i>, scilicet Neronis, qui infidelis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5586 erat. Ergo infideles possunt fidelibus praeesse.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5587 <p title="II-II q. 10 a. 10 arg. 3"><a name="39251"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5588 "ref">[39251] IIª-IIae q. 10 a. 10 arg. 3</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5589 Praeterea, sicut philosophus dicit, in I Polit., servus est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5590 instrumentum domini in his quae ad humanam vitam pertinent, sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5591 et minister artificis est instrumentum artificis in his quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5592 pertinent ad operationem artis. Sed in talibus potest fidelis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5593 infideli subiici, possunt enim fideles infidelium coloni esse. Ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5594 infideles possunt fidelibus praefici etiam quantum ad dominium.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5595 <p title="II-II q. 10 a. 10 s. c."><a name="39252"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5596 "ref">[39252] IIª-IIae q. 10 a. 10 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5597 est quod ad eum qui praeest pertinet habere iudicium super eos
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5598 quibus praeest. Sed infideles non possunt iudicare de fidelibus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5599 dicit enim apostolus, I ad Cor. VI, <i>audet aliquis vestrum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5600 habens negotium adversus alterum, iudicari apud iniquos, idest
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5601 infideles, et non apud sanctos?</i> Ergo videtur quod infideles
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5602 fidelibus praeesse non possint.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5603 <p title="II-II q. 10 a. 10 co."><a name="39253"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5604 "ref">[39253] IIª-IIae q. 10 a. 10 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5605 dicendum quod circa hoc dupliciter loqui possumus. Uno modo, de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5606 dominio vel praelatione infidelium super fideles de novo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5607 instituenda. Et hoc nullo modo permitti debet. Cedit enim hoc in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5608 scandalum et in periculum fidei, de facili enim illi qui
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5609 subiiciuntur aliorum iurisdictioni immutari possunt ab eis quibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5610 subsunt ut sequantur eorum imperium, nisi illi qui subsunt fuerint
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5611 magnae virtutis. Et similiter infideles contemnunt fidem si
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5612 fidelium defectus cognoscant. Et ideo apostolus prohibuit quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5613 fideles non contendant iudicio coram iudice infideli. Et ideo nullo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5614 modo permittit Ecclesia quod infideles acquirant dominium super
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5615 fideles, vel qualitercumque eis praeficiantur in aliquo officio.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5616 Alio modo possumus loqui de dominio vel praelatione iam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5617 praeexistenti. Ubi considerandum est quod dominium et praelatio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5618 introducta sunt ex iure humano, distinctio autem fidelium et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5619 infidelium est ex iure divino. Ius autem divinum, quod est ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5620 gratia, non tollit ius humanum, quod est ex naturali ratione. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5621 ideo distinctio fidelium et infidelium, secundum se considerata,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5622 non tollit dominium et praelationem infidelium supra fideles.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5623 Potest tamen iuste per sententiam vel ordinationem Ecclesiae,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5624 auctoritatem Dei habentis, tale ius dominii vel praelationis tolli,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5625 quia infideles merito suae infidelitatis merentur potestatem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5626 amittere super fideles, qui transferuntur in filios Dei sed hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5627 quidem Ecclesia quandoque facit, quandoque autem non facit. In
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5628 illis enim infidelibus qui etiam temporali subiectione subiiciuntur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5629 Ecclesiae et membris eius, hoc ius Ecclesiae statuit, ut servus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5630 Iudaeorum, statim factus Christianus, a servitute liberetur, nullo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5631 pretio dato, si fuerit vernaculus, idest in servitute natus; et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5632 similiter si, infidelis existens, fuerit emptus ad servitium. Si
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5633 autem fuerit emptus ad mercationem, tenetur eum infra tres menses
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5634 exponere ad vendendum. Nec in hoc iniuriam facit Ecclesia, quia,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5635 cum ipsi Iudaei sint servi Ecclesiae, potest disponere de rebus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5636 eorum; sicut etiam principes saeculares multas leges ediderunt erga
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5637 suos subditos in favorem libertatis. In illis vero infidelibus qui
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5638 temporaliter Ecclesiae vel eius membris non subiacent, praedictum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5639 ius Ecclesia non statuit, licet posset instituere de iure. Et hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5640 facit ad scandalum vitandum. Sicut etiam dominus, Matth. XVII,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5641 ostendit quod poterat se a tributo excusare quia liberi sunt filii,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5642 sed tamen mandavit tributum solvi ad scandalum vitandum. Ita etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5643 et Paulus, cum dixisset quod servi dominos suos honorarent,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5644 subiungit, <i>ne nomen domini et doctrina blasphemetur</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5645 <p title="II-II q. 10 a. 10 ad 1"><a name="39254"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5646 "ref">[39254] IIª-IIae q. 10 a. 10 ad 1</span></a> Unde patet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5647 responsio ad primum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5648 <p title="II-II q. 10 a. 10 ad 2"><a name="39255"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5649 "ref">[39255] IIª-IIae q. 10 a. 10 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5650 dicendum quod illa praelatio Caesaris praeexistebat distinctioni
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5651 fidelium ab infidelibus, unde non solvebatur per conversionem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5652 aliquorum ad fidem. Et utile erat quod aliqui fideles locum in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5653 familia imperatoris haberent, ad defendendum alios fideles, sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5654 beatus Sebastianus Christianorum animos, quos in tormentis videbat
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5655 deficere, confortabat, et adhuc latebat sub militari chlamyde in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5656 domo Diocletiani.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5657 <p title="II-II q. 10 a. 10 ad 3"><a name="39256"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5658 "ref">[39256] IIª-IIae q. 10 a. 10 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5659 dicendum quod servi subiiciuntur dominis suis ad totam vitam, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5660 subditi praefectis ad omnia negotia, sed ministri artificum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5661 subduntur eis ad aliqua specialia opera. Unde periculosius est quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5662 infideles accipiant dominium vel praelationem super fideles quam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5663 quod accipiant ab eis ministerium in aliquo artificio. Et ideo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5664 permittit Ecclesia quod Christiani possint colere terras Iudaeorum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5665 quia per hoc non habent necesse conversari cum eis. Salomon etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5666 expetiit a rege Tyri magistros operum ad ligna caedenda, ut habetur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5667 III Reg. V. Et tamen si ex tali communicatione vel convictu
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5668 subversio fidelium timeretur, esset penitus interdicendum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5669 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5670 <div class="E">Articulus 11</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5671 <p title="II-II q. 10 a. 11 arg. 1"><a name="39257"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5672 "ref">[39257] IIª-IIae q. 10 a. 11 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5673 undecimum sic proceditur. Videtur quod ritus infidelium non sint
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5674 tolerandi. Manifestum est enim quod infideles in suis ritibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5675 peccant eos servando. Sed peccato consentire videtur qui non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5676 prohibet cum prohibere possit, ut habetur in Glossa Rom. I, super
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5677 illud, <i>non solum qui faciunt, sed etiam qui consentiunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5678 facientibus</i>. Ergo peccant qui eorum ritus tolerant.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5679 <p title="II-II q. 10 a. 11 arg. 2"><a name="39258"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5680 "ref">[39258] IIª-IIae q. 10 a. 11 arg. 2</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5681 Praeterea, ritus Iudaeorum idololatriae comparantur, quia super
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5682 illud Gal. V, <i>nolite iterum iugo servitutis contineri</i>, dicit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5683 Glossa, <i>non est levior haec legis servitus quam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5684 idololatriae</i>. Sed non sustineretur quod idololatriae ritum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5685 aliqui exercerent, quinimmo Christiani principes templa idolorum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5686 primo claudi, et postea dirui fecerunt, ut Augustinus narrat, XVIII
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5687 de Civ. Dei. Ergo etiam ritus Iudaeorum tolerari non debent.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5688 <p title="II-II q. 10 a. 11 arg. 3"><a name="39259"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5689 "ref">[39259] IIª-IIae q. 10 a. 11 arg. 3</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5690 Praeterea, peccatum infidelitatis est gravissimum, ut supra dictum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5691 est. Sed alia peccata non tolerantur, sed lege puniuntur, sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5692 adulterium, furtum et alia huiusmodi. Ergo etiam ritus infidelium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5693 tolerandi non sunt.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5694 <p title="II-II q. 10 a. 11 s. c."><a name="39260"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5695 "ref">[39260] IIª-IIae q. 10 a. 11 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5696 est quod in decretis, dist. XLV, Can. qui sincera, dicit Gregorius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5697 de Iudaeis, <i>omnes festivitates suas, sicut hactenus ipsi et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5698 patres eorum per longa colentes tempora tenuerunt, liberam habeant
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5699 observandi celebrandique licentiam</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5700 <p title="II-II q. 10 a. 11 co."><a name="39261"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5701 "ref">[39261] IIª-IIae q. 10 a. 11 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5702 dicendum quod humanum regimen derivatur a divino regimine, et ipsum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5703 debet imitari. Deus autem, quamvis sit omnipotens et summe bonus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5704 permittit tamen aliqua mala fieri in universo, quae prohibere
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5705 posset, ne, eis sublatis, maiora bona tollerentur, vel etiam peiora
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5706 mala sequerentur. Sic igitur et in regimine humano illi qui
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5707 praesunt recte aliqua mala tolerant, ne aliqua bona impediantur,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5708 vel etiam ne aliqua mala peiora incurrantur, sicut Augustinus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5709 dicit, in II de ordine, <i>aufer meretrices de rebus humanis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5710 turbaveris omnia libidinibus</i>. Sic igitur, quamvis infideles in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5711 suis ritibus peccent, tolerari possunt vel propter aliquod bonum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5712 quod ex eis provenit, vel propter aliquod malum quod vitatur. Ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5713 hoc autem quod Iudaei ritus suos observant, in quibus olim
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5714 praefigurabatur veritas fidei quam tenemus, hoc bonum provenit quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5715 testimonium fidei nostrae habemus ab hostibus, et quasi in figura
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5716 nobis repraesentatur quod credimus. Et ideo in suis ritibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5717 tolerantur. Aliorum vero infidelium ritus, qui nihil veritatis aut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5718 utilitatis afferunt, non sunt aliqualiter tolerandi, nisi forte ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5719 aliquod malum vitandum, scilicet ad vitandum scandalum vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5720 dissidium quod ex hoc posset provenire, vel impedimentum salutis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5721 eorum, qui paulatim, sic tolerati, convertuntur ad fidem. Propter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5722 hoc enim etiam haereticorum et Paganorum ritus aliquando Ecclesia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5723 toleravit, quando erat magna infidelium multitudo.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5724 <p title="II-II q. 10 a. 11 ad arg."><a name="39262"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5725 "ref">[39262] IIª-IIae q. 10 a. 11 ad arg.</span></a> Et per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5726 hoc patet responsio ad obiecta.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5727 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5728 <div class="E">Articulus 12</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5729 <p title="II-II q. 10 a. 12 arg. 1"><a name="39263"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5730 "ref">[39263] IIª-IIae q. 10 a. 12 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5731 duodecimum sic proceditur. Videtur quod pueri Iudaeorum et aliorum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5732 infidelium sint baptizandi parentibus invitis. Maius enim est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5733 vinculum matrimoniale quam ius patriae potestatis, quia ius patriae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5734 potestatis potest per hominem solvi, cum filiusfamilias
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5735 emancipatur; vinculum autem matrimoniale non potest solvi per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5736 hominem, secundum illud Matth. XIX, <i>quod Deus coniunxit homo non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5737 separet</i>. Sed propter infidelitatem solvitur vinculum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5738 matrimoniale, dicit enim apostolus, I ad Cor. VII, <i>quod si
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5739 infidelis discedit, discedat, non enim servituti subiectus est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5740 frater aut soror in huiusmodi</i>; et canon dicit quod si coniux
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5741 infidelis non vult sine contumelia sui creatoris cum altero stare,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5742 quod alter coniugum non debet ei cohabitare. Ergo multo magis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5743 propter infidelitatem tollitur ius patriae potestatis in suos
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5744 filios. Possunt ergo eorum filii baptizari eis invitis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5745 <p title="II-II q. 10 a. 12 arg. 2"><a name="39264"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5746 "ref">[39264] IIª-IIae q. 10 a. 12 arg. 2</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5747 Praeterea, magis debet homini subveniri circa periculum mortis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5748 aeternae quam circa periculum mortis temporalis. Sed si aliquis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5749 videret hominem in periculo mortis temporalis et ei non ferret
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5750 auxilium, peccaret. Cum ergo filii Iudaeorum et aliorum infidelium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5751 sint in periculo mortis aeternae si parentibus relinquuntur, qui
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5752 eos in sua infidelitate informant, videtur quod sint eis auferendi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5753 et baptizandi et in fidelitate instruendi.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5754 <p title="II-II q. 10 a. 12 arg. 3"><a name="39265"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5755 "ref">[39265] IIª-IIae q. 10 a. 12 arg. 3</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5756 Praeterea, filii servorum sunt servi et in potestate dominorum. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5757 Iudaei sunt servi regum et principum. Ergo et filii eorum. Reges
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5758 igitur et principes habent potestatem de filiis Iudaeorum facere
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5759 quod voluerint. Nulla ergo erit iniuria si eos baptizent invitis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5760 parentibus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5761 <p title="II-II q. 10 a. 12 arg. 4"><a name="39266"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5762 "ref">[39266] IIª-IIae q. 10 a. 12 arg. 4</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5763 Praeterea, quilibet homo magis est Dei, a quo habet animam, quam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5764 patris carnalis, a quo habet corpus. Non ergo est iniustum si pueri
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5765 Iudaeorum carnalibus parentibus auferantur et Deo per Baptismum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5766 consecrentur.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5767 <p title="II-II q. 10 a. 12 arg. 5"><a name="39267"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5768 "ref">[39267] IIª-IIae q. 10 a. 12 arg. 5</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5769 Praeterea, Baptismus efficacior est ad salutem quam praedicatio,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5770 quia per Baptismum statim tollitur peccati macula, reatus poenae,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5771 et aperitur ianua caeli. Sed si periculum sequitur ex defectu
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5772 praedicationis, imputatur ei qui non praedicavit, ut habetur Ezech.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5773 III, et XXXIII de eo qui <i>videt gladium venientem et non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5774 insonuerit tuba</i>. Ergo multo magis, si pueri Iudaeorum damnentur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5775 propter defectum Baptismi, imputatur ad peccatum eis qui potuerunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5776 baptizare et non baptizaverunt.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5777 <p title="II-II q. 10 a. 12 s. c."><a name="39268"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5778 "ref">[39268] IIª-IIae q. 10 a. 12 s. c.</span></a> Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5779 contra, nemini facienda est iniuria. Fieret autem Iudaeis iniuria
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5780 si eorum filii baptizarentur eis invitis, quia amitterent ius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5781 patriae potestatis in filios iam fideles. Ergo eis invitis non sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5782 baptizandi.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5783 <p title="II-II q. 10 a. 12 co."><a name="39269"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5784 "ref">[39269] IIª-IIae q. 10 a. 12 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5785 dicendum quod maximam habet auctoritatem Ecclesiae consuetudo, quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5786 semper est in omnibus aemulanda. Quia et ipsa doctrina Catholicorum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5787 doctorum ab Ecclesia auctoritatem habet, unde magis standum est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5788 auctoritati Ecclesiae quam auctoritati vel Augustini vel Hieronymi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5789 vel cuiuscumque doctoris. Hoc autem Ecclesiae usus nunquam habuit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5790 quod Iudaeorum filii invitis parentibus baptizarentur, quamvis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5791 fuerint retroactis temporibus multi Catholici principes
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5792 potentissimi, ut Constantinus, Theodosius, quibus familiares
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5793 fuerunt sanctissimi episcopi, ut Sylvester Constantino et Ambrosius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5794 Theodosio, qui nullo modo hoc praetermisissent ab eis impetrare, si
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5795 hoc esset consonum rationi. Et ideo periculosum videtur hanc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5796 assertionem de novo inducere, ut praeter consuetudinem in Ecclesia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5797 hactenus observatam, Iudaeorum filii invitis parentibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5798 baptizarentur. Et huius ratio est duplex. Una quidem propter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5799 periculum fidei. Si enim pueri nondum usum rationis habentes
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5800 Baptismum susciperent, postmodum, cum ad perfectam aetatem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5801 pervenirent, de facili possent a parentibus induci ut relinquerent
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5802 quod ignorantes susceperunt. Quod vergeret in fidei detrimentum.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5803 Alia vero ratio est quia repugnat iustitiae naturali. Filius enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5804 naturaliter est aliquid patris. Et primo quidem a parentibus non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5805 distinguitur secundum corpus, quandiu in matris utero continetur.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5806 Postmodum vero, postquam ab utero egreditur, antequam usum liberi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5807 arbitrii habeat, continetur sub parentum cura sicut sub quodam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5808 spirituali utero. Quandiu enim usum rationis non habet puer, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5809 differt ab animali irrationali. Unde sicut bos vel equus est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5810 alicuius ut utatur eo cum voluerit, secundum ius civile, sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5811 proprio instrumento; ita de iure naturali est quod filius, antequam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5812 habeat usum rationis, sit sub cura patris. Unde contra iustitiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5813 naturalem esset si puer, antequam habeat usum rationis, a cura
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5814 parentum subtrahatur, vel de eo aliquid ordinetur invitis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5815 parentibus. Postquam autem incipit habere usum liberi arbitrii, iam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5816 incipit esse suus, et potest, quantum ad ea quae sunt iuris divini
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5817 vel naturalis, sibi ipsi providere. Et tunc est inducendus ad fidem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5818 non coactione, sed persuasione; et potest etiam invitis parentibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5819 consentire fidei et baptizari, non autem antequam habeat usum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5820 rationis. Unde de pueris antiquorum patrum dicitur quod salvati
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5821 sunt in fide parentum, per quod datur intelligi quod ad parentes
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5822 pertinet providere filiis de sua salute, praecipue antequam habeant
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5823 usum rationis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5824 <p title="II-II q. 10 a. 12 ad 1"><a name="39270"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5825 "ref">[39270] IIª-IIae q. 10 a. 12 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5826 ergo dicendum quod in vinculo matrimoniali uterque coniugum habet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5827 usum liberi arbitrii, et uterque potest invito altero fidei
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5828 assentire. Sed hoc non habet locum in puero antequam habeat usum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5829 rationis. Sed postquam habet usum rationis, tunc tenet similitudo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5830 si converti voluerit.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5831 <p title="II-II q. 10 a. 12 ad 2"><a name="39271"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5832 "ref">[39271] IIª-IIae q. 10 a. 12 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5833 dicendum quod a morte naturali non est aliquis eripiendus contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5834 ordinem iuris civilis, puta, si aliquis a suo iudice condemnetur ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5835 mortem temporalem, nullus debet eum violenter eripere. Unde nec
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5836 aliquis debet irrumpere ordinem iuris naturalis, quo filius est sub
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5837 cura patris, ut eum liberet a periculo mortis aeternae.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5838 <p title="II-II q. 10 a. 12 ad 3"><a name="39272"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5839 "ref">[39272] IIª-IIae q. 10 a. 12 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5840 dicendum quod Iudaei sunt servi principum servitute civili, quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5841 non excludit ordinem iuris naturalis vel divini.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5842 <p title="II-II q. 10 a. 12 ad 4"><a name="39273"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5843 "ref">[39273] IIª-IIae q. 10 a. 12 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5844 dicendum quod homo ordinatur ad Deum per rationem, per quam eum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5845 cognoscere potest. Unde puer, antequam usum rationis habeat,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5846 naturali ordine ordinatur in Deum per rationem parentum, quorum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5847 curae naturaliter subiacet; et secundum eorum dispositionem sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5848 circa ipsum divina agenda.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5849 <p title="II-II q. 10 a. 12 ad 5"><a name="39274"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5850 "ref">[39274] IIª-IIae q. 10 a. 12 ad 5</span></a> Ad quintum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5851 dicendum quod periculum quod sequitur de praedicatione omissa non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5852 imminet nisi eis quibus commissum est officium praedicandi, unde in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5853 Ezechiel praemittitur, <i>speculatorem dedi te filiis Israel</i>.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5854 Providere autem pueris infidelium de sacramentis salutis pertinet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5855 ad parentes eorum. Unde eis imminet periculum si, propter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5856 subtractionem sacramentorum, eorum parvuli detrimentum salutis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5857 patiantur.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5858 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5859 <div class="D">Quaestio 11</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5860 <div class="G">Prooemium</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5861 <p title="II-II q. 11 pr."><a name="39275"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5862 "ref">[39275] IIª-IIae q. 11 pr.</span></a> Deinde
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5863 considerandum est de haeresi. Circa quam quaeruntur quatuor. Primo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5864 utrum haeresis sit infidelitatis species. Secundo, de materia eius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5865 circa quam est. Tertio, utrum haeretici sint tolerandi. Quarto,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5866 utrum revertentes sint recipiendi.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5867 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5868 <div class="E">Articulus 1</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5869 <p title="II-II q. 11 a. 1 arg. 1"><a name="39276"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5870 "ref">[39276] IIª-IIae q. 11 a. 1 arg. 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5871 sic proceditur. Videtur quod haeresis non sit infidelitatis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5872 species. Infidelitas enim in intellectu est, ut supra dictum est.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5873 Sed haeresis non videtur ad intellectum pertinere, sed magis ad vim
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5874 appetitivam. Dicit enim Hieronymus, et habetur in decretis, XXIV,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5875 qu. III, <i>haeresis Graece ab electione dicitur, quod scilicet eam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5876 sibi unusquisque eligat disciplinam quam putat esse meliorem</i>,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5877 electio autem est actus appetitivae virtutis, ut supra dictum est.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5878 Ergo haeresis non est infidelitatis species.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5879 <p title="II-II q. 11 a. 1 arg. 2"><a name="39277"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5880 "ref">[39277] IIª-IIae q. 11 a. 1 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5881 vitium praecipue accipit speciem a fine, unde philosophus dicit, in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5882 V Ethic., quod <i>ille qui moechatur ut furetur, magis est fur quam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5883 moechus</i>. Sed finis haeresis est commodum temporale, et maxime
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5884 principatus et gloria, quod pertinet ad vitium superbiae vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5885 cupiditatis, dicit enim Augustinus, in libro de Util. Cred., quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5886 <i>haereticus est qui alicuius temporalis commodi, et maxime
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5887 gloriae principatusque sui gratia, falsas ac novas opiniones vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5888 gignit vel sequitur</i>. Ergo haeresis non est species
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5889 infidelitatis, sed magis superbiae.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5890 <p title="II-II q. 11 a. 1 arg. 3"><a name="39278"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5891 "ref">[39278] IIª-IIae q. 11 a. 1 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5892 infidelitas, cum sit in intellectu, non videtur ad carnem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5893 pertinere. Sed haeresis pertinet ad opera carnis, dicit enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5894 apostolus, ad Gal. V, <i>manifesta sunt opera carnis, quae sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5895 fornicatio, immunditia</i>; et inter cetera postmodum subdit,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5896 dissensiones, sectae, quae sunt idem quod haereses. Ergo haeresis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5897 non est infidelitatis species.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5898 <p title="II-II q. 11 a. 1 s. c."><a name="39279"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5899 "ref">[39279] IIª-IIae q. 11 a. 1 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5900 est quod falsitas veritati opponitur. Sed <i>haereticus est qui
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5901 falsas vel novas opiniones vel gignit vel sequitur</i>. Ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5902 opponitur veritati, cui fides innititur. Ergo sub infidelitate
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5903 continetur.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5904 <p title="II-II q. 11 a. 1 co."><a name="39280"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5905 "ref">[39280] IIª-IIae q. 11 a. 1 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5906 dicendum quod nomen haeresis, sicut dictum est, electionem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5907 importat. Electio autem, ut supra dictum est, est eorum quae sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5908 ad finem, praesupposito fine. In credendis autem voluntas assentit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5909 alicui vero tanquam proprio bono, ut ex supradictis patet. Unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5910 quod est principale verum habet rationem finis ultimi, quae autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5911 secundaria sunt habent rationem eorum quae sunt ad finem. Quia vero
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5912 quicumque credit alicuius dicto assentit, principale videtur esse,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5913 et quasi finis, in unaquaque credulitate ille cuius dicto
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5914 assentitur, quasi autem secundaria sunt ea quae quis tenendo vult
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5915 alicui assentire. Sic igitur qui recte fidem Christianam habet sua
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5916 voluntate assentit Christo in his quae vere ad eius doctrinam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5917 pertinent. A rectitudine igitur fidei Christianae dupliciter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5918 aliquis potest deviare. Uno modo, quia ipsi Christo non vult
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5919 assentire, et hic habet quasi malam voluntatem circa ipsum finem.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5920 Et hoc pertinet ad speciem infidelitatis Paganorum et Iudaeorum.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5921 Alio modo, per hoc quod intendit quidem Christo assentire, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5922 deficit in eligendo ea quibus Christo assentiat, quia non eligit ea
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5923 quae sunt vere a Christo tradita, sed ea quae sibi propria mens
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5924 suggerit. Et ideo haeresis est infidelitatis species pertinens ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5925 eos qui fidem Christi profitentur, sed eius dogmata corrumpunt.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5926 <p title="II-II q. 11 a. 1 ad 1"><a name="39281"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5927 "ref">[39281] IIª-IIae q. 11 a. 1 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5928 ergo dicendum quod hoc modo electio pertinet ad infidelitatem sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5929 et voluntas ad fidem, ut supra dictum est.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5930 <p title="II-II q. 11 a. 1 ad 2"><a name="39282"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5931 "ref">[39282] IIª-IIae q. 11 a. 1 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5932 dicendum quod vitia habent speciem ex fine proximo, sed ex fine
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5933 remoto habent genus et causam. Sicut cum aliquis moechatur ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5934 furetur, est ibi quidem species moechiae ex proprio fine et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5935 obiecto, sed ex fine ultimo ostenditur quod moechia ex furto
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5936 oritur, et sub eo continetur sicut effectus sub causa vel sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5937 species sub genere, ut patet ex his quae supra de actibus dicta
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5938 sunt in communi. Unde et similiter in proposito finis proximus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5939 haeresis est adhaerere falsae sententiae propriae, et ex hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5940 speciem habet. Sed ex fine remoto ostenditur causa eius, scilicet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5941 quod oritur ex superbia vel cupiditate.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5942 <p title="II-II q. 11 a. 1 ad 3"><a name="39283"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5943 "ref">[39283] IIª-IIae q. 11 a. 1 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5944 dicendum quod, sicut haeresis dicitur ab eligendo, ita secta a
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5945 sectando, sicut Isidorus dicit, in libro Etymol., et ideo haeresis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5946 et secta idem sunt. Et utrumque pertinet ad opera carnis, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5947 quidem quantum ad ipsum actum infidelitatis respectu proximi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5948 obiecti, sed ratione causae, quae est vel appetitus finis indebiti,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5949 secundum quod oritur ex superbia vel cupiditate, ut dictum est; vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5950 etiam aliqua phantastica illusio, quae est errandi principium, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5951 etiam philosophus dicit, in IV Metaphys. Phantasia autem quodammodo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5952 ad carnem pertinet, inquantum actus eius est cum organo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5953 corporali.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5954 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5955 <div class="E">Articulus 2</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5956 <p title="II-II q. 11 a. 2 arg. 1"><a name="39284"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5957 "ref">[39284] IIª-IIae q. 11 a. 2 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5958 secundum sic proceditur. Videtur quod haeresis non sit proprie
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5959 circa ea quae sunt fidei. Sicut enim sunt haereses et sectae in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5960 Christianis, ita etiam fuerunt in Iudaeis et Pharisaeis, sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5961 Isidorus dicit, in libro Etymol. Sed eorum dissensiones non erant
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5962 circa ea quae sunt fidei. Ergo haeresis non est circa ea quae sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5963 fidei sicut circa propriam materiam.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5964 <p title="II-II q. 11 a. 2 arg. 2"><a name="39285"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5965 "ref">[39285] IIª-IIae q. 11 a. 2 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5966 materia fidei sunt res quae creduntur. Sed haeresis non solum est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5967 circa res, sed etiam circa verba, et circa expositiones sacrae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5968 Scripturae. Dicit enim Hieronymus quod <i>quicumque aliter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5969 Scripturam intelligit quam sensus spiritus sancti efflagitat, a quo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5970 scripta est, licet ab Ecclesia non recesserit, tamen haereticus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5971 appellari potest</i>, et alibi dicit quod ex verbis inordinate
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5972 prolatis fit haeresis. Ergo haeresis non est proprie circa materiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5973 fidei.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5974 <p title="II-II q. 11 a. 2 arg. 3"><a name="39286"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5975 "ref">[39286] IIª-IIae q. 11 a. 2 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5976 etiam circa ea quae ad fidem pertinent inveniuntur quandoque sacri
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5977 doctores dissentire, sicut Hieronymus et Augustinus circa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5978 cessationem legalium. Et tamen hoc est absque vitio haeresis. Ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5979 haeresis non est proprie circa materiam fidei.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5980 <p title="II-II q. 11 a. 2 s. c."><a name="39287"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5981 "ref">[39287] IIª-IIae q. 11 a. 2 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5982 est quod Augustinus dicit, contra Manichaeos, <i>qui in Ecclesia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5983 Christi morbidum aliquid pravumque quid sapiunt, si correcti ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5984 sanum rectumque sapiant, resistant contumaciter, suaque pestifera
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5985 et mortifera dogmata emendare nolunt, sed defendere persistunt,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5986 haeretici sunt</i>. Sed pestifera et mortifera dogmata non sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5987 nisi illa quae opponuntur dogmatibus fidei, per quam iustus vivit,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5988 ut dicitur Rom. I. Ergo haeresis est circa ea quae sunt fidei sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5989 circa propriam materiam.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5990 <p title="II-II q. 11 a. 2 co."><a name="39288"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5991 "ref">[39288] IIª-IIae q. 11 a. 2 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5992 dicendum quod de haeresi nunc loquimur secundum quod importat
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5993 corruptionem fidei Christianae. Non autem ad corruptionem fidei
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5994 Christianae pertinet si aliquis habeat falsam opinionem in his quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5995 non sunt fidei, puta in geometricalibus vel in aliis huiusmodi,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5996 quae omnino ad fidem pertinere non possunt, sed solum quando
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5997 aliquis habet falsam opinionem circa ea quae ad fidem pertinent. Ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5998 quam aliquid pertinet dupliciter, sicut supra dictum est, uno modo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5999 directe et principaliter, sicut articuli fidei; alio modo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6000 indirecte et secundario, sicut ea ex quibus sequitur corruptio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6001 alicuius articuli. Et circa utraque potest esse haeresis, eo modo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6002 quo et fides.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6003 <p title="II-II q. 11 a. 2 ad 1"><a name="39289"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6004 "ref">[39289] IIª-IIae q. 11 a. 2 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6005 ergo dicendum quod sicut haereses Iudaeorum et Pharisaeorum erant
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6006 circa opiniones aliquas ad Iudaismum vel Pharisaeam pertinentes,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6007 ita etiam Christianorum haereses sunt circa ea quae pertinent ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6008 fidem Christi.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6009 <p title="II-II q. 11 a. 2 ad 2"><a name="39290"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6010 "ref">[39290] IIª-IIae q. 11 a. 2 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6011 dicendum quod ille dicitur aliter exponere sacram Scripturam quam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6012 spiritus sanctus efflagitat qui ad hoc expositionem sacrae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6013 Scripturae intorquet quod contrariatur ei quod est per spiritum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6014 sanctum revelatum. Unde dicitur Ezech. XIII de falsis prophetis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6015 quod perseveraverunt confirmare sermonem, scilicet per falsas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6016 expositiones Scripturae. Similiter etiam per verba quae quis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6017 loquitur suam fidem profitetur, est enim confessio actus fidei, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6018 supra dictum est. Et ideo si sit inordinata locutio circa ea quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6019 sunt fidei, sequi potest ex hoc corruptio fidei. Unde Leo Papa in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6020 quadam epistola ad Proterium episcopum Alexandrinum, dicit, <i>quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6021 inimici Christi crucis omnibus et verbis nostris insidiantur et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6022 syllabis, nullam illis vel tenuem occasionem demus qua nos
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6023 Nestoriano sensui congruere mentiantur</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6024 <p title="II-II q. 11 a. 2 ad 3"><a name="39291"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6025 "ref">[39291] IIª-IIae q. 11 a. 2 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6026 dicendum quod, sicut Augustinus dicit, et habetur in decretis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6027 XXIV, qu. III, <i>si qui sententiam suam, quamvis falsam atque
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6028 perversam, nulla pertinaci animositate defendunt, quaerunt autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6029 cauta sollicitudine veritatem, corrigi parati cum invenerint,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6030 nequaquam sunt inter haereticos deputandi</i>, quia scilicet non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6031 habent electionem contradicentem Ecclesiae doctrinae. Sic ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6032 aliqui doctores dissensisse videntur vel circa ea quorum nihil
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6033 interest ad fidem utrum sic vel aliter teneatur; vel etiam in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6034 quibusdam ad fidem pertinentibus quae nondum erant per Ecclesiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6035 determinata. Postquam autem essent auctoritate universalis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6036 Ecclesiae determinata, si quis tali ordinationi pertinaciter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6037 repugnaret, haereticus censeretur. Quae quidem auctoritas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6038 principaliter residet in summo pontifice. Dicitur enim XXIV, qu. I,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6039 <i>quoties fidei ratio ventilatur, arbitror omnes fratres nostros
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6040 et coepiscopos non nisi ad Petrum, idest sui nominis auctoritatem,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6041 referre debere</i>. Contra cuius auctoritatem nec Hieronymus nec
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6042 Augustinus nec aliquis sacrorum doctorum suam sententiam defendit.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6043 Unde dicit Hieronymus, <i>haec est fides, Papa beatissime, quam in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6044 Catholica didicimus Ecclesia. In qua si minus perite aut parum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6045 caute forte aliquid positum est, emendari cupimus a te, qui Petri
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6046 fidem et sedem tenes. Si autem haec nostra confessio apostolatus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6047 tui iudicio comprobatur, quicumque me culpare voluerit, se
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6048 imperitum vel malevolum, vel etiam non Catholicum sed haereticum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6049 comprobabit</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6050 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6051 <div class="E">Articulus 3</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6052 <p title="II-II q. 11 a. 3 arg. 1"><a name="39292"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6053 "ref">[39292] IIª-IIae q. 11 a. 3 arg. 1</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6054 sic proceditur. Videtur quod haeretici sint tolerandi. Dicit enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6055 apostolus, II ad Tim. II, <i>servum Dei oportet mansuetum esse, cum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6056 modestia corripientem eos qui resistunt veritati, ne quando det
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6057 illis poenitentiam Deus ad cognoscendam veritatem, et resipiscant a
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6058 laqueis Diaboli</i>. Sed si haeretici non tolerantur, sed morti
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6059 traduntur, aufertur eis facultas poenitendi. Ergo hoc videtur esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6060 contra praeceptum apostoli.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6061 <p title="II-II q. 11 a. 3 arg. 2"><a name="39293"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6062 "ref">[39293] IIª-IIae q. 11 a. 3 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6063 illud quod est necessarium in Ecclesia est tolerandum. Sed haereses
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6064 sunt necessariae in Ecclesia, dicit enim apostolus, I ad Cor. XI,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6065 <i>oportet haereses esse, ut et qui probati sunt manifesti fiant in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6066 vobis</i>. Ergo videtur quod haeretici sunt tolerandi.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6067 <p title="II-II q. 11 a. 3 arg. 3"><a name="39294"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6068 "ref">[39294] IIª-IIae q. 11 a. 3 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6069 dominus mandavit, Matth. XIII, servis suis ut zizania permitterent
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6070 crescere usque ad messem, quae est finis saeculi, ut ibidem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6071 exponitur. Sed per zizania significantur haeretici, secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6072 expositionem sanctorum. Ergo haeretici sunt tolerandi.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6073 <p title="II-II q. 11 a. 3 s. c."><a name="39295"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6074 "ref">[39295] IIª-IIae q. 11 a. 3 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6075 est quod apostolus dicit, ad Tit. III, <i>haereticum hominem, post
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6076 primam et secundam correptionem, devita, sciens quia subversus est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6077 qui eiusmodi est</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6078 <p title="II-II q. 11 a. 3 co."><a name="39296"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6079 "ref">[39296] IIª-IIae q. 11 a. 3 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6080 dicendum quod circa haereticos duo sunt consideranda, unum quidem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6081 ex parte ipsorum; aliud ex parte Ecclesiae. Ex parte quidem ipsorum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6082 est peccatum per quod meruerunt non solum ab Ecclesia per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6083 excommunicationem separari, sed etiam per mortem a mundo excludi.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6084 Multo enim gravius est corrumpere fidem, per quam est animae vita,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6085 quam falsare pecuniam, per quam temporali vitae subvenitur. Unde si
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6086 falsarii pecuniae, vel alii malefactores, statim per saeculares
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6087 principes iuste morti traduntur; multo magis haeretici, statim cum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6088 de haeresi convincuntur, possent non solum excommunicari, sed et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6089 iuste occidi. Ex parte autem Ecclesiae est misericordia, ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6090 errantium conversionem. Et ideo non statim condemnat, sed post
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6091 primam et secundam correctionem, ut apostolus docet. Postmodum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6092 vero, si adhuc pertinax inveniatur, Ecclesia, de eius conversione
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6093 non sperans, aliorum saluti providet, eum ab Ecclesia separando per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6094 excommunicationis sententiam; et ulterius relinquit eum iudicio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6095 saeculari a mundo exterminandum per mortem. Dicit enim Hieronymus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6096 et habetur XXIV, qu. III, <i>resecandae sunt putridae carnes, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6097 scabiosa ovis a caulis repellenda, ne tota domus, massa, corpus et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6098 pecora, ardeat, corrumpatur, putrescat, intereat. Arius in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6099 Alexandria una scintilla fuit, sed quoniam non statim oppressus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6100 est, totum orbem eius flamma populata est</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6101 <p title="II-II q. 11 a. 3 ad 1"><a name="39297"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6102 "ref">[39297] IIª-IIae q. 11 a. 3 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6103 ergo dicendum quod ad modestiam illam pertinet ut primo et secundo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6104 corripiatur. Quod si redire noluerit, iam pro subverso habetur, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6105 patet in auctoritate apostoli inducta.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6106 <p title="II-II q. 11 a. 3 ad 2"><a name="39298"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6107 "ref">[39298] IIª-IIae q. 11 a. 3 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6108 dicendum quod utilitas quae ex haeresibus provenit est praeter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6109 haereticorum intentionem, dum scilicet constantia fidelium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6110 comprobatur, ut apostolus dicit; et ut excutiamus pigritiam,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6111 divinas Scripturas sollicitius intuentes, sicut Augustinus dicit.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6112 Sed ex intentione eorum est corrumpere fidem, quod est maximi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6113 nocumenti. Et ideo magis respiciendum est ad id quod est per se de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6114 eorum intentione, ut excludantur; quam ad hoc quod est praeter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6115 eorum intentionem, ut sustineantur.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6116 <p title="II-II q. 11 a. 3 ad 3"><a name="39299"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6117 "ref">[39299] IIª-IIae q. 11 a. 3 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6118 dicendum quod, sicut habetur in decretis, XXIV, qu. III, <i>aliud
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6119 est excommunicatio, et aliud eradicatio. Excommunicatur enim ad hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6120 aliquis</i>, ut ait apostolus, <i>ut spiritus eius salvus fiat in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6121 die domini</i>. Si tamen totaliter eradicentur per mortem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6122 haeretici, non est etiam contra mandatum domini, quod est in eo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6123 casu intelligendum quando non possunt extirpari zizania sine
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6124 extirpatione tritici, ut supra dictum est, cum de infidelibus in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6125 communi ageretur.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6126 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6127 <div class="E">Articulus 4</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6128 <p title="II-II q. 11 a. 4 arg. 1"><a name="39300"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6129 "ref">[39300] IIª-IIae q. 11 a. 4 arg. 1</span></a> Ad quartum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6130 sic proceditur. Videtur quod revertentes ab haeresi sint omnino ab
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6131 Ecclesia recipiendi. Dicitur enim Ierem. III, ex persona domini,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6132 <i>fornicata es cum amatoribus multis, tamen revertere ad me, dicit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6133 dominus</i>. Sed Ecclesiae iudicium est iudicium Dei, secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6134 illud Deut. I, <i>ita parvum audietis ut magnum, neque accipietis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6135 cuiusquam personam, quia Dei iudicium est</i>. Ergo si aliqui
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6136 fornicati fuerint per infidelitatem, quae est spiritualis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6137 fornicatio, nihilominus sunt recipiendi.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6138 <p title="II-II q. 11 a. 4 arg. 2"><a name="39301"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6139 "ref">[39301] IIª-IIae q. 11 a. 4 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6140 dominus, Matth. XVIII, Petro mandat ut fratri peccanti dimittat non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6141 solum septies, sed usque septuagies septies, per quod intelligitur,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6142 secundum expositionem Hieronymi, quod quotiescumque aliquis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6143 peccaverit, est ei dimittendum. Ergo quotiescumque aliquis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6144 peccaverit in haeresim relapsus, erit ab Ecclesia suscipiendus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6145 <p title="II-II q. 11 a. 4 arg. 3"><a name="39302"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6146 "ref">[39302] IIª-IIae q. 11 a. 4 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6147 haeresis est quaedam infidelitas. Sed alii infideles volentes
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6148 converti ab Ecclesia recipiuntur. Ergo etiam haeretici sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6149 recipiendi.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6150 <p title="II-II q. 11 a. 4 s. c."><a name="39303"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6151 "ref">[39303] IIª-IIae q. 11 a. 4 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6152 est quod decretalis dicit, quod <i>si aliqui, post abiurationem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6153 erroris, deprehensi fuerint in abiuratam haeresim recidisse,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6154 saeculari iudicio sunt relinquendi</i>. Non ergo ab Ecclesia sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6155 recipiendi.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6156 <p title="II-II q. 11 a. 4 co."><a name="39304"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6157 "ref">[39304] IIª-IIae q. 11 a. 4 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6158 dicendum quod Ecclesia, secundum domini institutionem, caritatem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6159 suam extendit ad omnes, non solum amicos, verum etiam inimicos et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6160 persequentes, secundum illud Matth. V, <i>diligite inimicos
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6161 vestros, benefacite his qui oderunt vos</i>. Pertinet autem ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6162 caritatem ut aliquis bonum proximi et velit et operetur. Est autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6163 duplex bonum. Unum quidem spirituale, scilicet salus animae, quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6164 principaliter respicit caritas, hoc enim quilibet ex caritate debet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6165 alii velle. Unde quantum ad hoc, haeretici revertentes,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6166 quotiescumque relapsi fuerint, ab Ecclesia recipiuntur ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6167 poenitentiam, per quam impenditur eis via salutis. Aliud autem est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6168 bonum quod secundario respicit caritas, scilicet bonum temporale,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6169 sicuti est vita corporalis, possessio mundana, bona fama, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6170 dignitas ecclesiastica sive saecularis. Hoc enim non tenemur ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6171 caritate aliis velle nisi in ordine ad salutem aeternam et eorum et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6172 aliorum. Unde si aliquid de huiusmodi bonis existens in uno
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6173 impedire possit aeternam salutem in multis, non oportet quod ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6174 caritate huiusmodi bonum ei velimus, sed potius quod velimus eum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6175 illo carere, tum quia salus aeterna praeferenda est bono temporali;
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6176 tum quia bonum multorum praefertur bono unius. Si autem haeretici
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6177 revertentes semper reciperentur ut conservarentur in vita et aliis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6178 temporalibus bonis, posset in praeiudicium salutis aliorum hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6179 esse, tum quia, si relaberentur alios inficerent; tum etiam quia,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6180 si sine poena evaderent, alii securius in haeresim relaberentur;
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6181 dicitur enim Eccle. VIII, <i>ex eo quod non cito profertur contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6182 malos sententia, absque timore ullo filii hominum perpetrant
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6183 mala</i>. Et ideo Ecclesia quidem primo revertentes ab haeresi non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6184 solum recipit ad poenitentiam, sed etiam conservat eos in vita; et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6185 interdum restituit eos dispensative ad ecclesiasticas dignitates
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6186 quas prius habebant, si videantur vere conversi. Et hoc pro bono
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6187 pacis frequenter legitur esse factum. Sed quando recepti iterum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6188 relabuntur, videtur esse signum inconstantiae eorum circa fidem. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6189 ideo ulterius redeuntes recipiuntur quidem ad poenitentiam, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6190 tamen ut liberentur a sententia mortis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6191 <p title="II-II q. 11 a. 4 ad 1"><a name="39305"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6192 "ref">[39305] IIª-IIae q. 11 a. 4 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6193 ergo dicendum quod in iudicio Dei semper recipiuntur redeuntes,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6194 quia Deus scrutator est cordium, et vere redeuntes cognoscit. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6195 hoc Ecclesia imitari non potest. Praesumit autem eos non vere
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6196 reverti qui, cum recepti fuissent, iterum sunt relapsi. Et ideo eis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6197 viam salutis non denegat, sed a periculo mortis eos non tuetur.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6198 <p title="II-II q. 11 a. 4 ad 2"><a name="39306"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6199 "ref">[39306] IIª-IIae q. 11 a. 4 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6200 dicendum quod dominus loquitur Petro de peccato in eum commisso,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6201 quod est semper dimittendum, ut fratri redeunti parcatur. Non autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6202 intelligitur de peccato in proximum vel in Deum commisso, quod non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6203 est nostri arbitrii dimittere, ut Hieronymus dicit; sed in hoc est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6204 lege modus statutus, secundum quod congruit honori Dei et utilitati
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6205 proximorum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6206 <p title="II-II q. 11 a. 4 ad 3"><a name="39307"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6207 "ref">[39307] IIª-IIae q. 11 a. 4 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6208 dicendum quod alii infideles, qui nunquam fidem acceperant,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6209 conversi ad fidem nondum ostendunt aliquod signum inconstantiae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6210 circa fidem, sicut haeretici relapsi. Et ideo non est similis ratio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6211 de utrisque.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6212 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6213 <div class="D">Quaestio 12</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6214 <div class="G">Prooemium</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6215 <p title="II-II q. 12 pr."><a name="39308"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6216 "ref">[39308] IIª-IIae q. 12 pr.</span></a> Deinde
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6217 considerandum est de apostasia. Et circa hoc quaeruntur duo. Primo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6218 utrum apostasia ad infidelitatem pertineat. Secundo, utrum propter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6219 apostasiam a fide subditi absolvantur a dominio praesidentium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6220 apostatarum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6221 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6222 <div class="E">Articulus 1</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6223 <p title="II-II q. 12 a. 1 arg. 1"><a name="39309"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6224 "ref">[39309] IIª-IIae q. 12 a. 1 arg. 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6225 sic proceditur. Videtur quod apostasia non pertineat ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6226 infidelitatem. Illud enim quod est omnis peccati principium non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6227 videtur ad infidelitatem pertinere, quia multa peccata sine
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6228 infidelitate existunt. Sed apostasia videtur esse omnis peccati
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6229 principium, dicitur enim Eccli. X, <i>initium superbiae hominis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6230 apostatare a Deo</i>; et postea subditur, <i>initium omnis peccati
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6231 superbia</i>. Ergo apostasia non pertinet ad infidelitatem.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6232 <p title="II-II q. 12 a. 1 arg. 2"><a name="39310"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6233 "ref">[39310] IIª-IIae q. 12 a. 1 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6234 infidelitas in intellectu consistit. Sed apostasia magis videtur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6235 consistere in exteriori opere vel sermone, aut etiam in interiori
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6236 voluntate, dicitur enim Prov. VI, <i>homo apostata vir inutilis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6237 gradiens ore perverso, annuit oculis, terit pede, digito loquitur,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6238 pravo corde machinatur malum, et in omni tempore iurgia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6239 seminat</i>. Si quis etiam se circumcideret, vel sepulcrum Mahumeti
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6240 adoraret, apostata reputaretur. Ergo apostasia non pertinet directe
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6241 ad infidelitatem.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6242 <p title="II-II q. 12 a. 1 arg. 3"><a name="39311"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6243 "ref">[39311] IIª-IIae q. 12 a. 1 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6244 haeresis, quia ad infidelitatem pertinet, est quaedam determinata
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6245 species infidelitatis. Si ergo apostasia ad infidelitatem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6246 pertineret, sequeretur quod esset quaedam determinata species
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6247 infidelitatis. Quod non videtur, secundum praedicta. Non ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6248 apostasia ad infidelitatem pertinet.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6249 <p title="II-II q. 12 a. 1 s. c."><a name="39312"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6250 "ref">[39312] IIª-IIae q. 12 a. 1 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6251 est quod dicitur Ioan. VI, multi ex discipulis eius abierunt retro,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6252 quod est apostatare, de quibus supra dixerat dominus, sunt quidam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6253 ex vobis qui non credunt. Ergo apostasia pertinet ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6254 infidelitatem.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6255 <p title="II-II q. 12 a. 1 co."><a name="39313"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6256 "ref">[39313] IIª-IIae q. 12 a. 1 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6257 dicendum quod apostasia importat retrocessionem quandam a Deo. Quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6258 quidem diversimode fit, secundum diversos modos quibus homo Deo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6259 coniungitur. Primo namque coniungitur homo Deo per fidem; secundo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6260 per debitam et subiectam voluntatem ad obediendum praeceptis eius;
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6261 tertio, per aliqua specialia ad supererogationem pertinentia, sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6262 per religionem et clericaturam vel sacrum ordinem. Remoto autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6263 posteriori remanet prius, sed non convertitur. Contingit ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6264 aliquem apostatare a Deo retrocedendo a religione quam professus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6265 est, vel ab ordine quem suscepit, et haec dicitur apostasia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6266 religionis seu ordinis. Contingit etiam aliquem apostatare a Deo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6267 per mentem repugnantem divinis mandatis. Quibus duabus apostasiis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6268 existentibus, adhuc potest remanere homo Deo coniunctus per fidem.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6269 Sed si a fide discedat, tunc omnino a Deo retrocedere videtur. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6270 ideo simpliciter et absolute est apostasia per quam aliquis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6271 discedit a fide, quae vocatur apostasia perfidiae. Et per hunc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6272 modum apostasia simpliciter dicta ad infidelitatem pertinet.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6273 <p title="II-II q. 12 a. 1 ad 1"><a name="39314"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6274 "ref">[39314] IIª-IIae q. 12 a. 1 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6275 ergo dicendum quod obiectio illa procedit de secunda apostasia,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6276 quae importat voluntatem a mandatis Dei resilientem, quae invenitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6277 in omni peccato mortali.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6278 <p title="II-II q. 12 a. 1 ad 2"><a name="39315"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6279 "ref">[39315] IIª-IIae q. 12 a. 1 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6280 dicendum quod ad fidem pertinet non solum credulitas cordis, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6281 etiam protestatio interioris fidei per exteriora verba et facta,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6282 nam confessio est actus fidei. Et per hunc etiam modum quaedam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6283 exteriora verba vel opera ad infidelitatem pertinent, inquantum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6284 sunt infidelitatis signa, per modum quo signum sanitatis sanum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6285 dicitur. Auctoritas autem inducta, etsi possit intelligi de omni
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6286 apostasia, verissime tamen convenit in apostasia a fide. Quia enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6287 fides est primum fundamentum sperandarum rerum, et sine fide
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6288 impossibile est placere Deo; sublata fide, nihil remanet in homine
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6289 quod possit esse utile ad salutem aeternam; et propter hoc primo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6290 dicitur, homo apostata vir inutilis. Fides etiam est vita animae,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6291 secundum illud Rom. I, <i>iustus ex fide vivit</i>. Sicut ergo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6292 sublata vita corporali, omnia membra et partes hominis a debita
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6293 dispositione recedunt; ita, sublata vita iustitiae, quae est per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6294 fidem, apparet inordinatio in omnibus membris. Et primo quidem in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6295 ore, per quod maxime manifestatur cor; secundo, in oculis; tertio,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6296 in instrumentis motus; quarto, in voluntate, quae ad malum tendit.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6297 Et ex his sequitur quod iurgia seminet, alios intendens separare a
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6298 fide, sicut et ipse recessit.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6299 <p title="II-II q. 12 a. 1 ad 3"><a name="39316"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6300 "ref">[39316] IIª-IIae q. 12 a. 1 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6301 dicendum quod species alicuius qualitatis vel formae non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6302 diversificatur per hoc quod est terminus motus a quo vel ad quem,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6303 sed potius e converso secundum terminos motuum species attenduntur.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6304 Apostasia autem respicit infidelitatem ut terminum ad quem est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6305 motus recedentis a fide. Unde apostasia non importat determinatam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6306 speciem infidelitatis, sed quandam circumstantiam aggravantem,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6307 secundum illud II Pet. II, <i>melius erat eis veritatem non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6308 cognoscere quam post agnitam retroire</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6309 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6310 <div class="E">Articulus 2</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6311 <p title="II-II q. 12 a. 2 arg. 1"><a name="39317"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6312 "ref">[39317] IIª-IIae q. 12 a. 2 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6313 secundum sic proceditur. Videtur quod princeps propter apostasiam a
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6314 fide non amittat dominium in subditos, quin ei teneantur obedire.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6315 Dicit enim Ambrosius quod <i>Iulianus imperator, quamvis esset
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6316 apostata, habuit tamen sub se Christianos milites, quibus cum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6317 dicebat, producite aciem pro defensione reipublicae, obediebant
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6318 ei</i>. Ergo propter apostasiam principis subditi non absolvuntur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6319 ab eius dominio.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6320 <p title="II-II q. 12 a. 2 arg. 2"><a name="39318"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6321 "ref">[39318] IIª-IIae q. 12 a. 2 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6322 apostata a fide infidelis est. Sed infidelibus dominis inveniuntur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6323 aliqui sancti viri fideliter servisse, sicut Ioseph Pharaoni, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6324 Daniel Nabuchodonosor, et Mardochaeus Assuero. Ergo propter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6325 apostasiam a fide non est dimittendum quin principi obediatur a
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6326 subditis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6327 <p title="II-II q. 12 a. 2 arg. 3"><a name="39319"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6328 "ref">[39319] IIª-IIae q. 12 a. 2 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6329 sicut per apostasiam a fide receditur a Deo, ita per quodlibet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6330 peccatum. Si ergo propter apostasiam a fide perderent principes ius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6331 imperandi subditis fidelibus, pari ratione propter alia peccata hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6332 amitterent. Sed hoc patet esse falsum. Non ergo propter apostasiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6333 a fide est recedendum ab obedientia principum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6334 <p title="II-II q. 12 a. 2 s. c."><a name="39320"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6335 "ref">[39320] IIª-IIae q. 12 a. 2 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6336 est quod Gregorius VII dicit, <i>nos, sanctorum praedecessorum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6337 statuta tenentes, eos qui excommunicatis fidelitate aut sacramento
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6338 sunt constricti, apostolica auctoritate a sacramento absolvimus, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6339 ne sibi fidelitatem observent omnibus modis prohibemus, quousque ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6340 satisfactionem veniant</i>. Sed apostatae a fide sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6341 excommunicati, sicut et haeretici, ut dicit decretalis ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6342 abolendam. Ergo principibus apostatantibus a fide non est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6343 obediendum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6344 <p title="II-II q. 12 a. 2 co."><a name="39321"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6345 "ref">[39321] IIª-IIae q. 12 a. 2 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6346 dicendum quod, sicut supra dictum est, infidelitas secundum seipsam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6347 non repugnat dominio, eo quod dominium introductum est de iure
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6348 gentium, quod est ius humanum; distinctio autem fidelium et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6349 infidelium est secundum ius divinum, per quod non tollitur ius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6350 humanum. Sed aliquis per infidelitatem peccans potest
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6351 sententialiter ius dominii amittere, sicut et quandoque propter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6352 alias culpas. Ad Ecclesiam autem non pertinet punire infidelitatem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6353 in illis qui nunquam fidem susceperunt, secundum illud apostoli, I
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6354 ad Cor. V, <i>quid mihi de his qui foris sunt iudicare?</i> Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6355 infidelitatem illorum qui fidem susceperunt potest sententialiter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6356 punire. Et convenienter in hoc puniuntur quod subditis fidelibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6357 dominari non possint, hoc enim vergere posset in magnam fidei
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6358 corruptionem; quia, ut dictum est, <i>homo apostata suo corde
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6359 machinatur malum et iurgia seminat</i>, intendens homines separare
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6360 a fide. Et ideo quam cito aliquis per sententiam denuntiatur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6361 excommunicatus propter apostasiam a fide, ipso facto eius subditi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6362 sunt absoluti a dominio eius et iuramento fidelitatis quo ei
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6363 tenebantur.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6364 <p title="II-II q. 12 a. 2 ad 1"><a name="39322"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6365 "ref">[39322] IIª-IIae q. 12 a. 2 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6366 ergo dicendum quod illo tempore Ecclesia, in sui novitate, nondum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6367 habebat potestatem terrenos principes compescendi. Et ideo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6368 toleravit fideles Iuliano apostatae obedire in his quae non erant
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6369 contra fidem, ut maius fidei periculum vitaretur.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6370 <p title="II-II q. 12 a. 2 ad 2"><a name="39323"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6371 "ref">[39323] IIª-IIae q. 12 a. 2 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6372 dicendum quod alia ratio est de aliis infidelibus, qui nunquam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6373 fidem susceperunt, ut dictum est.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6374 <p title="II-II q. 12 a. 2 ad 3"><a name="39324"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6375 "ref">[39324] IIª-IIae q. 12 a. 2 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6376 dicendum quod apostasia a fide totaliter separat hominem a Deo, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6377 dictum est, quod non contingit in quibuscumque aliis peccatis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6378 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6379 <div class="D">Quaestio 13</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6380 <div class="G">Prooemium</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6381 <p title="II-II q. 13 pr."><a name="39325"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6382 "ref">[39325] IIª-IIae q. 13 pr.</span></a> Deinde
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6383 considerandum est de peccato blasphemiae, quod opponitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6384 confessioni fidei. Et primo, de blasphemia in generali; secundo, de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6385 blasphemia quae dicitur peccatum in spiritum sanctum. Circa primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6386 quaeruntur quatuor. Primo, utrum blasphemia opponatur confessioni
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6387 fidei. Secundo, utrum blasphemia semper sit peccatum mortale.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6388 Tertio, utrum blasphemia sit maximum peccatorum. Quarto, utrum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6389 blasphemia sit in damnatis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6390 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6391 <div class="E">Articulus 1</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6392 <p title="II-II q. 13 a. 1 arg. 1"><a name="39326"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6393 "ref">[39326] IIª-IIae q. 13 a. 1 arg. 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6394 sic proceditur. Videtur quod blasphemia non opponatur confessioni
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6395 fidei. Nam blasphemare est contumeliam vel aliquod convicium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6396 inferre in iniuriam creatoris. Sed hoc magis pertinet ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6397 malevolentiam contra Deum quam ad infidelitatem. Ergo blasphemia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6398 non opponitur confessioni fidei.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6399 <p title="II-II q. 13 a. 1 arg. 2"><a name="39327"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6400 "ref">[39327] IIª-IIae q. 13 a. 1 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6401 ad Ephes. IV, super illud, <i>blasphemia tollatur a vobis</i>,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6402 dicit Glossa, quae fit in Deum vel in sanctos. Sed confessio fidei
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6403 non videtur esse nisi de his quae pertinent ad Deum, qui est fidei
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6404 obiectum. Ergo blasphemia non semper opponitur confessioni
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6405 fidei.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6406 <p title="II-II q. 13 a. 1 arg. 3"><a name="39328"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6407 "ref">[39328] IIª-IIae q. 13 a. 1 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6408 a quibusdam dicitur quod sunt tres blasphemiae species, quarum una
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6409 est cum attribuitur Deo quod ei non convenit; secunda est cum ab eo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6410 removetur quod ei convenit; tertia est cum attribuitur creaturae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6411 quod Deo appropriatur. Et sic videtur quod blasphemia non solum sit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6412 circa Deum, sed etiam circa creaturas. Fides autem habet Deum pro
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6413 obiecto. Ergo blasphemia non opponitur confessioni fidei.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6414 <p title="II-II q. 13 a. 1 s. c."><a name="39329"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6415 "ref">[39329] IIª-IIae q. 13 a. 1 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6416 est quod apostolus dicit, I ad Tim. I, <i>prius fui blasphemus et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6417 persecutor</i>; et postea subdit, <i>ignorans feci in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6418 incredulitate</i>. Ex quo videtur quod blasphemia ad infidelitatem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6419 pertineat.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6420 <p title="II-II q. 13 a. 1 co."><a name="39330"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6421 "ref">[39330] IIª-IIae q. 13 a. 1 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6422 dicendum quod nomen blasphemiae importare videtur quandam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6423 derogationem alicuius excellentis bonitatis, et praecipue divinae.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6424 Deus autem, ut Dionysius dicit, I cap. de Div. Nom., est ipsa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6425 essentia bonitatis. Unde quidquid Deo convenit pertinet ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6426 bonitatem ipsius; et quidquid ad ipsum non pertinet longe est a
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6427 ratione perfectae bonitatis, quae est eius essentia. Quicumque
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6428 igitur vel negat aliquid de Deo quod ei convenit, vel asserit de eo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6429 quod ei non convenit, derogat divinae bonitati. Quod quidem potest
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6430 contingere dupliciter, uno quidem modo, secundum solam opinionem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6431 intellectus; alio modo, coniuncta quadam affectus detestatione,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6432 sicut e contrario fides Dei per dilectionem perficitur ipsius.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6433 Huiusmodi igitur derogatio divinae bonitatis est vel secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6434 intellectum tantum; vel etiam secundum affectum. Si consistat
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6435 tantum in corde, est cordis blasphemia. Si autem exterius prodeat
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6436 per locutionem, est oris blasphemia. Et secundum hoc blasphemia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6437 confessioni opponitur.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6438 <p title="II-II q. 13 a. 1 ad 1"><a name="39331"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6439 "ref">[39331] IIª-IIae q. 13 a. 1 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6440 ergo dicendum quod ille qui contra Deum loquitur convicium inferre
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6441 intendens, derogat divinae bonitati non solum secundum veritatem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6442 intellectus, sed etiam secundum pravitatem voluntatis detestantis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6443 et impedientis pro posse divinum honorem. Quod est blasphemia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6444 perfecta.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6445 <p title="II-II q. 13 a. 1 ad 2"><a name="39332"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6446 "ref">[39332] IIª-IIae q. 13 a. 1 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6447 dicendum quod sicut Deus in sanctis suis laudatur, inquantum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6448 laudantur opera quae Deus in sanctis efficit; ita et blasphemia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6449 quae fit in sanctos ex consequenti in Deum redundat.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6450 <p title="II-II q. 13 a. 1 ad 3"><a name="39333"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6451 "ref">[39333] IIª-IIae q. 13 a. 1 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6452 dicendum quod secundum illa tria non possunt, proprie loquendo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6453 distingui diversae species peccati blasphemiae. Attribuere enim Deo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6454 quod ei non convenit, vel removere ab eo quod ei convenit, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6455 differt nisi secundum affirmationem et negationem. Quae quidem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6456 diversitas habitus speciem non distinguit, quia per eandem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6457 scientiam innotescit falsitas affirmationum et negationum, et per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6458 eandem ignorantiam utroque modo erratur, cum negatio probetur per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6459 affirmationem, ut habetur I Poster. Quod autem ea quae sunt Dei
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6460 propria creaturis attribuantur, ad hoc pertinere videtur quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6461 aliquid ei attribuatur quod ei non conveniat. Quidquid enim est Deo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6462 proprium est ipse Deus, attribuere ergo id quod Dei proprium est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6463 alicui creaturae est ipsum Deum dicere idem creaturae.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6464 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6465 <div class="E">Articulus 2</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6466 <p title="II-II q. 13 a. 2 arg. 1"><a name="39334"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6467 "ref">[39334] IIª-IIae q. 13 a. 2 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6468 secundum sic proceditur. Videtur quod blasphemia non semper sit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6469 peccatum mortale. Quia super illud ad Col. III, <i>nunc autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6470 deponite vos</i> etc., dicit Glossa, post maiora prohibet minora.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6471 Et tamen subdit de blasphemia. Ergo blasphemia inter peccata minora
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6472 computatur, quae sunt peccata venialia.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6473 <p title="II-II q. 13 a. 2 arg. 2"><a name="39335"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6474 "ref">[39335] IIª-IIae q. 13 a. 2 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6475 omne peccatum mortale opponitur alicui praecepto Decalogi. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6476 blasphemia non videtur alicui eorum opponi. Ergo blasphemia non est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6477 peccatum mortale.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6478 <p title="II-II q. 13 a. 2 arg. 3"><a name="39336"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6479 "ref">[39336] IIª-IIae q. 13 a. 2 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6480 peccata quae absque deliberatione committuntur non sunt mortalia,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6481 propter quod primi motus non sunt peccata mortalia, quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6482 deliberationem rationis praecedunt, ut ex supradictis patet. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6483 blasphemia quandoque absque deliberatione procedit. Ergo non semper
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6484 est peccatum mortale.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6485 <p title="II-II q. 13 a. 2 s. c."><a name="39337"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6486 "ref">[39337] IIª-IIae q. 13 a. 2 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6487 est quod dicitur Levit. XXIV, <i>qui blasphemaverit nomen domini,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6488 morte moriatur</i>. Sed poena mortis non infertur nisi pro peccato
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6489 mortali. Ergo blasphemia est peccatum mortale.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6490 <p title="II-II q. 13 a. 2 co."><a name="39338"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6491 "ref">[39338] IIª-IIae q. 13 a. 2 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6492 dicendum quod, sicut supra dictum est, peccatum mortale est per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6493 quod homo separatur a primo principio spiritualis vitae, quod est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6494 caritas Dei. Unde quaecumque caritati repugnant, ex suo genere sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6495 peccata mortalia. Blasphemia autem secundum genus suum repugnat
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6496 caritati divinae, quia derogat divinae bonitati, ut dictum est,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6497 quae est obiectum caritatis. Et ideo blasphemia est peccatum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6498 mortale ex suo genere.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6499 <p title="II-II q. 13 a. 2 ad 1"><a name="39339"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6500 "ref">[39339] IIª-IIae q. 13 a. 2 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6501 ergo dicendum quod Glossa illa non est sic intelligenda quasi omnia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6502 quae subduntur sint peccata minora. Sed quia, cum supra non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6503 expressisset nisi maiora, postmodum etiam quaedam minora subdit,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6504 inter quae etiam quaedam de maioribus ponit.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6505 <p title="II-II q. 13 a. 2 ad 2"><a name="39340"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6506 "ref">[39340] IIª-IIae q. 13 a. 2 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6507 dicendum quod, cum blasphemia opponatur confessioni fidei, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6508 dictum est, eius prohibitio reducitur ad prohibitionem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6509 infidelitatis, quae intelligitur in eo quod dicitur, <i>ego sum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6510 dominus Deus tuus</i> et cetera. Vel prohibetur per id quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6511 dicitur, <i>non assumes nomen Dei tui in vanum</i>. Magis enim in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6512 vanum assumit nomen Dei qui aliquod falsum de Deo asserit quam qui
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6513 per nomen Dei aliquod falsum confirmat.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6514 <p title="II-II q. 13 a. 2 ad 3"><a name="39341"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6515 "ref">[39341] IIª-IIae q. 13 a. 2 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6516 dicendum quod blasphemia potest absque deliberatione ex subreptione
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6517 procedere dupliciter. Uno modo, quod aliquis non advertat hoc quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6518 dicit esse blasphemiam. Quod potest contingere cum aliquis subito
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6519 ex aliqua passione in verba imaginata prorumpit, quorum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6520 significationem non considerat. Et tunc est peccatum veniale, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6521 non habet proprie rationem blasphemiae. Alio modo, quando advertit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6522 hoc esse blasphemiam, considerans significata verborum. Et tunc non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6523 excusatur a peccato mortali, sicut nec ille qui ex subito motu irae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6524 aliquem occidit iuxta se sedentem.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6525 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6526 <div class="E">Articulus 3</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6527 <p title="II-II q. 13 a. 3 arg. 1"><a name="39342"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6528 "ref">[39342] IIª-IIae q. 13 a. 3 arg. 1</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6529 sic proceditur. Videtur quod peccatum blasphemiae non sit maximum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6530 peccatum. Malum enim dicitur quod nocet, secundum Augustinum, in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6531 Enchirid. Sed magis nocet peccatum homicidii, quod perimit vitam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6532 hominis, quam peccatum blasphemiae, quod Deo nullum nocumentum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6533 potest inferre. Ergo peccatum homicidii est gravius peccato
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6534 blasphemiae.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6535 <p title="II-II q. 13 a. 3 arg. 2"><a name="39343"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6536 "ref">[39343] IIª-IIae q. 13 a. 3 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6537 quicumque peierat inducit Deum testem falsitati, et ita videtur eum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6538 asserere esse falsum. Sed non quilibet blasphemus usque ad hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6539 procedit ut Deum asserat esse falsum. Ergo periurium est gravius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6540 peccatum quam blasphemia.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6541 <p title="II-II q. 13 a. 3 arg. 3"><a name="39344"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6542 "ref">[39344] IIª-IIae q. 13 a. 3 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6543 super illud Psalm., <i>nolite extollere in altum cornu vestrum</i>,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6544 dicit Glossa, <i>maximum est vitium excusationis peccati</i>. Non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6545 ergo blasphemia est maximum peccatum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6546 <p title="II-II q. 13 a. 3 s. c."><a name="39345"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6547 "ref">[39345] IIª-IIae q. 13 a. 3 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6548 est quod Isaiae XVIII, super illud, ad populum terribilem etc.,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6549 dicit Glossa, <i>omne peccatum, blasphemiae comparatum, levius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6550 est</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6551 <p title="II-II q. 13 a. 3 co."><a name="39346"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6552 "ref">[39346] IIª-IIae q. 13 a. 3 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6553 dicendum quod, sicut supra dictum est, blasphemia opponitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6554 confessioni fidei. Et ideo habet in se gravitatem infidelitatis. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6555 aggravatur peccatum si superveniat detestatio voluntatis; et adhuc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6556 magis si prorumpat in verba; sicut et laus fidei augetur per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6557 dilectionem et confessionem. Unde, cum infidelitas sit maximum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6558 peccatum secundum suum genus, sicut supra dictum est, consequens
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6559 est quod etiam blasphemia sit peccatum maximum, ad idem genus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6560 pertinens et ipsum aggravans.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6561 <p title="II-II q. 13 a. 3 ad 1"><a name="39347"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6562 "ref">[39347] IIª-IIae q. 13 a. 3 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6563 ergo dicendum quod homicidium et blasphemia si comparentur secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6564 obiecta in quae peccatur, manifestum est quod blasphemia, quae est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6565 directe peccatum in Deum, praeponderat homicidio, quod est peccatum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6566 in proximum. Si autem comparentur secundum effectum nocendi, sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6567 homicidium praeponderat, plus enim homicidium nocet proximo quam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6568 blasphemia Deo. Sed quia in gravitate culpae magis attenditur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6569 intentio voluntatis perversae quam effectus operis, ut ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6570 supradictis patet; ideo, cum blasphemus intendat nocumentum inferre
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6571 honori divino, simpliciter loquendo gravius peccat quam homicida.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6572 Homicidium tamen primum locum tenet in peccatis inter peccata in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6573 proximum commissa.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6574 <p title="II-II q. 13 a. 3 ad 2"><a name="39348"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6575 "ref">[39348] IIª-IIae q. 13 a. 3 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6576 dicendum quod super illud ad Ephes. IV, <i>blasphemia tollatur a
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6577 vobis</i>, dicit Glossa <i>peius est blasphemare quam peierare</i>.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6578 Qui enim peierat non dicit aut sentit aliquid falsum de Deo, sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6579 blasphemus, sed Deum adhibet testem falsitati non tanquam aestimans
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6580 Deum esse falsum testem, sed tanquam sperans quod Deus super hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6581 non testificetur per aliquod evidens signum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6582 <p title="II-II q. 13 a. 3 ad 3"><a name="39349"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6583 "ref">[39349] IIª-IIae q. 13 a. 3 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6584 dicendum quod excusatio peccati est quaedam circumstantia aggravans
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6585 omne peccatum, etiam ipsam blasphemiam. Et pro tanto dicitur esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6586 maximum peccatum, quia quodlibet facit maius.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6587 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6588 <div class="E">Articulus 4</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6589 <p title="II-II q. 13 a. 4 arg. 1"><a name="39350"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6590 "ref">[39350] IIª-IIae q. 13 a. 4 arg. 1</span></a> Ad quartum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6591 sic proceditur. Videtur quod damnati non blasphement. Detinentur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6592 enim nunc aliqui mali a blasphemando propter timorem futurarum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6593 poenarum. Sed damnati has poenas experiuntur, unde magis eas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6594 abhorrent. Ergo multo magis a blasphemando compescuntur.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6595 <p title="II-II q. 13 a. 4 arg. 2"><a name="39351"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6596 "ref">[39351] IIª-IIae q. 13 a. 4 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6597 blasphemia, cum sit gravissimum peccatum, est maxime demeritorium.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6598 Sed in futura vita non est status merendi neque demerendi. Ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6599 nullus erit locus blasphemiae.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6600 <p title="II-II q. 13 a. 4 arg. 3"><a name="39352"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6601 "ref">[39352] IIª-IIae q. 13 a. 4 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6602 Eccle. XI dicitur quod <i>in quocumque loco lignum ceciderit, ibi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6603 erit</i>, ex quo patet quod post hanc vitam homini non accrescit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6604 nec meritum nec peccatum quod non habuit in hac vita. Sed multi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6605 damnabuntur qui in hac vita non fuerunt blasphemi. Ergo nec in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6606 futura vita blasphemabunt.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6607 <p title="II-II q. 13 a. 4 s. c."><a name="39353"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6608 "ref">[39353] IIª-IIae q. 13 a. 4 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6609 est quod dicitur Apoc. XVI, <i>aestuaverunt homines aestu magno, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6610 blasphemaverunt nomen domini habentis potestatem super has
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6611 plagas</i>, ubi dicit Glossa quod <i>in Inferno positi, quamvis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6612 sciant se pro merito puniri, dolebunt tamen quod Deus tantam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6613 potentiam habeat quod plagas eis inferat</i>. Hoc autem esset
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6614 blasphemia in praesenti. Ergo et in futuro.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6615 <p title="II-II q. 13 a. 4 co."><a name="39354"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6616 "ref">[39354] IIª-IIae q. 13 a. 4 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6617 dicendum quod, sicut dictum est, ad rationem blasphemiae pertinet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6618 detestatio divinae bonitatis. Illi autem qui sunt in Inferno
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6619 retinebunt perversam voluntatem, aversam a Dei iustitia, in hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6620 quod diligunt ea pro quibus puniuntur, et vellent eis uti si
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6621 possent, et odiunt poenas quae pro huiusmodi peccatis infliguntur;
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6622 dolent tamen de peccatis quae commiserunt, non quia ipsa odiant,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6623 sed quia pro eis puniuntur. Sic ergo talis detestatio divinae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6624 iustitiae est in eis interior cordis blasphemia. Et credibile est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6625 quod post resurrectionem erit in eis etiam vocalis blasphemia,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6626 sicut in sanctis vocalis laus Dei.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6627 <p title="II-II q. 13 a. 4 ad 1"><a name="39355"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6628 "ref">[39355] IIª-IIae q. 13 a. 4 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6629 ergo dicendum quod homines deterrentur in praesenti a blasphemia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6630 propter timorem poenarum quas se putant evadere. Sed damnati in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6631 Inferno non sperant se posse poenas evadere. Et ideo, tanquam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6632 desperati, feruntur ad omne ad quod eis perversa voluntas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6633 suggerit.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6634 <p title="II-II q. 13 a. 4 ad 2"><a name="39356"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6635 "ref">[39356] IIª-IIae q. 13 a. 4 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6636 dicendum quod mereri et demereri pertinent ad statum viae. Unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6637 bona in viatoribus sunt meritoria, mala vero demeritoria. In beatis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6638 autem bona non sunt meritoria, sed pertinentia ad eorum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6639 beatitudinis praemium. Et similiter mala in damnatis non sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6640 demeritoria, sed pertinent ad damnationis poenam.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6641 <p title="II-II q. 13 a. 4 ad 3"><a name="39357"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6642 "ref">[39357] IIª-IIae q. 13 a. 4 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6643 dicendum quod quilibet in peccato mortali decedens fert secum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6644 voluntatem detestantem divinam iustitiam quantum ad aliquid. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6645 secundum hoc poterit ei inesse blasphemia.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6646 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6647 <div class="D">Quaestio 14</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6648 <div class="G">Prooemium</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6649 <p title="II-II q. 14 pr."><a name="39358"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6650 "ref">[39358] IIª-IIae q. 14 pr.</span></a> Deinde
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6651 considerandum est in speciali de blasphemia in spiritum sanctum. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6652 circa hoc quaeruntur quatuor. Primo, utrum blasphemia vel peccatum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6653 in spiritum sanctum sit idem quod peccatum ex certa malitia.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6654 Secundo, de speciebus huius peccati. Tertio, utrum sit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6655 irremissibile. Quarto, utrum aliquis possit peccare in spiritum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6656 sanctum a principio, antequam alia peccata committat.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6657 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6658 <div class="E">Articulus 1</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6659 <p title="II-II q. 14 a. 1 arg. 1"><a name="39359"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6660 "ref">[39359] IIª-IIae q. 14 a. 1 arg. 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6661 sic proceditur. Videtur quod peccatum in spiritum sanctum non sit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6662 idem quod peccatum ex certa malitia. Peccatum enim in spiritum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6663 sanctum est peccatum blasphemiae, ut patet Matth. XII. Sed non omne
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6664 peccatum ex certa malitia est peccatum blasphemiae, contingit enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6665 multa alia peccatorum genera ex certa malitia committi. Ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6666 peccatum in spiritum sanctum non est idem quod peccatum ex certa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6667 malitia.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6668 <p title="II-II q. 14 a. 1 arg. 2"><a name="39360"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6669 "ref">[39360] IIª-IIae q. 14 a. 1 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6670 peccatum ex certa malitia dividitur contra peccatum ex ignorantia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6671 et contra peccatum ex infirmitate. Sed peccatum in spiritum sanctum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6672 dividitur contra peccatum in filium hominis, ut patet Matth. XII.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6673 Ergo peccatum in spiritum sanctum non est idem quod peccatum ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6674 certa malitia, quia quorum opposita sunt diversa, ipsa quoque sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6675 diversa.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6676 <p title="II-II q. 14 a. 1 arg. 3"><a name="39361"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6677 "ref">[39361] IIª-IIae q. 14 a. 1 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6678 peccatum in spiritum sanctum est quoddam genus peccati cui
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6679 determinatae species assignantur. Sed peccatum ex certa malitia non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6680 est speciale genus peccati, sed est quaedam conditio vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6681 circumstantia generalis quae potest esse circa omnia peccatorum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6682 genera. Ergo peccatum in spiritum sanctum non est idem quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6683 peccatum ex certa malitia.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6684 <p title="II-II q. 14 a. 1 s. c."><a name="39362"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6685 "ref">[39362] IIª-IIae q. 14 a. 1 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6686 est quod Magister dicit, XLIII dist. II Lib. Sent., quod ille
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6687 peccat in spiritum sanctum cui malitia propter se placet. Hoc autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6688 est peccare ex certa malitia. Ergo idem videtur esse peccatum ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6689 certa malitia quod peccatum in spiritum sanctum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6690 <p title="II-II q. 14 a. 1 co."><a name="39363"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6691 "ref">[39363] IIª-IIae q. 14 a. 1 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6692 dicendum quod de peccato seu blasphemia in spiritum sanctum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6693 tripliciter aliqui loquuntur. Antiqui enim doctores, scilicet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6694 Athanasius, Hilarius, Ambrosius, Hieronymus et Chrysostomus dicunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6695 esse peccatum in spiritum sanctum quando, ad litteram, aliquid
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6696 blasphemum dicitur contra spiritum sanctum, sive spiritus sanctus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6697 accipiatur secundum quod est nomen essentiale conveniens toti
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6698 Trinitati, cuius quaelibet persona et spiritus est et sanctus; sive
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6699 prout est nomen personale unius in Trinitate personae. Et secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6700 hoc distinguitur, Matth. XII blasphemia in spiritum sanctum contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6701 blasphemiam in filium hominis. Christus enim operabatur quaedam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6702 humanitus, comedendo, bibendo et alia huiusmodi faciendo; et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6703 quaedam divinitus, scilicet Daemones eiiciendo, mortuos suscitando,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6704 et cetera huiusmodi; quae quidem agebat et per virtutem propriae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6705 divinitatis, et per operationem spiritus sancti, quo secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6706 humanitatem erat repletus. Iudaei autem primo quidem dixerant
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6707 blasphemiam in filium hominis, cum dicebant eum voracem, potatorem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6708 vini et publicanorum amatorem, ut habetur Matth. XI. Postmodum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6709 autem blasphemaverunt in spiritum sanctum, dum opera quae ipse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6710 operabatur virtute propriae divinitatis et per operationem spiritus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6711 sancti, attribuebant principi Daemoniorum. Et propter hoc dicuntur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6712 in spiritum sanctum blasphemasse. Augustinus autem, in libro de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6713 Verb. Dom., blasphemiam vel peccatum in spiritum sanctum dicit esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6714 finalem impoenitentiam, quando scilicet aliquis perseverat in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6715 peccato mortali usque ad mortem. Quod quidem non solum verbo oris
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6716 fit, sed etiam verbo cordis et operis, non uno sed multis. Hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6717 autem verbum, sic acceptum, dicitur esse contra spiritum sanctum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6718 quia est contra remissionem peccatorum, quae fit per spiritum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6719 sanctum, qui est caritas patris et filii. Nec hoc dominus dixit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6720 Iudaeis quasi ipsi peccarent in spiritum sanctum, nondum enim erant
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6721 finaliter impoenitentes. Sed admonuit eos ne, taliter loquentes, ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6722 hoc pervenirent quod in spiritum sanctum peccarent. Et sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6723 intelligendum est quod dicitur Marc. III, ubi, postquam dixerat,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6724 <i>qui blasphemaverit in spiritum sanctum</i> etc., subiungit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6725 Evangelista <i>quoniam dicebant, spiritum immundum habet</i>. Alii
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6726 vero aliter accipiunt, dicentes peccatum vel blasphemiam in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6727 spiritum sanctum esse quando aliquis peccat contra appropriatum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6728 bonum spiritus sancti, cui appropriatur bonitas, sicut patri
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6729 appropriatur potentia et filio sapientia. Unde peccatum in patrem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6730 dicunt esse quando peccatur ex infirmitate; peccatum autem in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6731 filium, quando peccatur ex ignorantia; peccatum autem in spiritum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6732 sanctum, quando peccatur ex certa malitia, idest ex ipsa electione
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6733 mali, ut supra expositum est. Quod quidem contingit dupliciter. Uno
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6734 modo, ex inclinatione habitus vitiosi, qui malitia dicitur, et sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6735 non est idem peccare ex malitia quod peccare in spiritum sanctum.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6736 Alio modo contingit ex eo quod per contemptum abiicitur et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6737 removetur id quod electionem peccati poterat impedire, sicut spes
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6738 per desperationem, et timor per praesumptionem, et quaedam alia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6739 huiusmodi, ut infra dicetur. Haec autem omnia quae peccati
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6740 electionem impediunt, sunt effectus spiritus sancti in nobis. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6741 ideo sic ex malitia peccare est peccare in spiritum sanctum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6742 <p title="II-II q. 14 a. 1 ad 1"><a name="39364"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6743 "ref">[39364] IIª-IIae q. 14 a. 1 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6744 ergo dicendum quod, sicut confessio fidei non solum consistit in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6745 protestatione oris, sed etiam in protestatione operis; ita etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6746 blasphemia spiritus sancti potest considerari et in ore et in corde
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6747 et in opere.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6748 <p title="II-II q. 14 a. 1 ad 2"><a name="39365"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6749 "ref">[39365] IIª-IIae q. 14 a. 1 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6750 dicendum quod secundum tertiam acceptionem blasphemia in spiritum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6751 sanctum distinguitur contra blasphemiam in filium hominis secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6752 quod filius hominis est etiam filius Dei, idest Dei virtus et Dei
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6753 sapientia. Unde secundum hoc, peccatum in filium hominis erit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6754 peccatum ex ignorantia vel ex infirmitate.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6755 <p title="II-II q. 14 a. 1 ad 3"><a name="39366"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6756 "ref">[39366] IIª-IIae q. 14 a. 1 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6757 dicendum quod peccatum ex certa malitia secundum quod provenit ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6758 inclinatione habitus, non est speciale peccatum, sed quaedam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6759 generalis peccati conditio. Prout vero est ex speciali contemptu
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6760 effectus spiritus sancti in nobis, habet rationem specialis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6761 peccati. Et secundum hoc etiam peccatum in spiritum sanctum est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6762 speciale genus peccati. Et similiter secundum primam expositionem.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6763 Secundum autem secundam expositionem, non est speciale genus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6764 peccati, nam finalis impoenitentia potest esse circumstantia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6765 cuiuslibet generis peccati.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6766 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6767 <div class="E">Articulus 2</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6768 <p title="II-II q. 14 a. 2 arg. 1"><a name="39367"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6769 "ref">[39367] IIª-IIae q. 14 a. 2 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6770 secundum sic proceditur. Videtur quod inconvenienter assignentur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6771 sex species peccati in spiritum sanctum, scilicet desperatio,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6772 praesumptio, impoenitentia, obstinatio, impugnatio veritatis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6773 agnitae et invidentia fraternae gratiae; quas species ponit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6774 Magister, XLIII dist. II Lib. Sent. Negare enim divinam iustitiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6775 vel misericordiam ad infidelitatem pertinet. Sed per desperationem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6776 aliquis reiicit divinam misericordiam, per praesumptionem autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6777 divinam iustitiam. Ergo unumquodque eorum potius est species
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6778 infidelitatis quam peccati in spiritum sanctum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6779 <p title="II-II q. 14 a. 2 arg. 2"><a name="39368"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6780 "ref">[39368] IIª-IIae q. 14 a. 2 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6781 impoenitentia videtur respicere peccatum praeteritum, obstinatio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6782 autem peccatum futurum. Sed praeteritum vel futurum non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6783 diversificant speciem virtutis vel vitii, secundum enim eandem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6784 fidem qua credimus Christum natum, antiqui crediderunt eum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6785 nasciturum. Ergo obstinatio et impoenitentia non debent poni duae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6786 species peccati in spiritum sanctum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6787 <p title="II-II q. 14 a. 2 arg. 3"><a name="39369"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6788 "ref">[39369] IIª-IIae q. 14 a. 2 arg. 3</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6789 <i>Praeterea, veritas et gratia per Iesum Christum facta est</i>,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6790 ut habetur Ioan. I. Ergo videtur quod impugnatio veritatis agnitae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6791 et invidentia fraternae gratiae magis pertineant ad blasphemiam in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6792 filium hominis quam ad blasphemiam in spiritum sanctum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6793 <p title="II-II q. 14 a. 2 arg. 4"><a name="39370"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6794 "ref">[39370] IIª-IIae q. 14 a. 2 arg. 4</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6795 Bernardus dicit, in libro de Dispensat. et Praecept., <i>quod nolle
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6796 obedire est resistere spiritui sancto</i>. Glossa etiam dicit,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6797 Levit. X, quod <i>simulata poenitentia est blasphemia spiritus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6798 sancti</i>. Schisma etiam videtur directe opponi spiritui sancto,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6799 per quem Ecclesia unitur. Et ita videtur quod non sufficienter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6800 tradantur species peccati in spiritum sanctum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6801 <p title="II-II q. 14 a. 2 s. c."><a name="39371"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6802 "ref">[39371] IIª-IIae q. 14 a. 2 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6803 Augustinus dicit, in libro de fide ad Petrum, quod illi qui
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6804 desperant de indulgentia peccatorum, vel qui sine meritis de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6805 misericordia Dei praesumunt, peccant in spiritum sanctum. Et in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6806 Enchiridio dicit quod <i>qui in obstinatione mentis diem claudit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6807 extremum, reus est peccato in spiritum sanctum</i>. Et in libro de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6808 Verb. Dom. dicit quod impoenitentia est peccatum in spiritum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6809 sanctum. Et in libro de Serm. Dom. in monte dicit quod invidiae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6810 facibus fraternitatem impugnare est peccare in spiritum sanctum. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6811 in libro de unico Bapt. dicit quod <i>qui veritatem contemnit, aut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6812 circa fratres malignus est, quibus veritas revelatur; aut circa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6813 Deum ingratus, cuius inspiratione Ecclesia instruitur</i>; et sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6814 videtur quod peccet in spiritum sanctum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6815 <p title="II-II q. 14 a. 2 co."><a name="39372"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6816 "ref">[39372] IIª-IIae q. 14 a. 2 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6817 dicendum quod, secundum quod peccatum in spiritum sanctum tertio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6818 modo accipitur, convenienter praedictae species ei assignantur.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6819 Quae distinguuntur secundum remotionem vel contemptum eorum per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6820 quae potest homo ab electione peccati impediri. Quae quidem sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6821 vel ex parte divini iudicii; vel ex parte donorum ipsius; vel etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6822 ex parte ipsius peccati. Avertitur enim homo ab electione peccati
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6823 ex consideratione divini iudicii, quod habet iustitiam cum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6824 misericordia, et per spem, quae consurgit ex consideratione
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6825 misericordiae remittentis peccata et praemiantis bona, et haec
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6826 tollitur per desperationem, et iterum per timorem, qui insurgit ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6827 consideratione divinae iustitiae punientis peccata; et hic tollitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6828 per praesumptionem, dum scilicet aliquis se praesumit gloriam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6829 adipisci sine meritis, vel veniam sine poenitentia. Dona autem Dei
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6830 quibus retrahimur a peccato sunt duo. Quorum unum est agnitio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6831 veritatis, contra quod ponitur impugnatio veritatis agnitae, dum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6832 scilicet aliquis veritatem fidei agnitam impugnat ut licentius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6833 peccet. Aliud est auxilium interioris gratiae, contra quod ponitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6834 invidentia fraternae gratiae, dum scilicet aliquis non solum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6835 invidet personae fratris, sed etiam invidet gratiae Dei crescenti
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6836 in mundo. Ex parte vero peccati duo sunt quae hominem a peccato
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6837 retrahere possunt. Quorum unum est inordinatio et turpitudo actus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6838 cuius consideratio inducere solet in homine poenitentiam de peccato
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6839 commisso. Et contra hoc ponitur impoenitentia, non quidem eo modo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6840 quo dicit permanentiam in peccato usque ad mortem, sicut supra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6841 impoenitentia accipiebatur (sic enim non esset speciale peccatum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6842 sed quaedam peccati circumstantia); sed accipitur hic impoenitentia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6843 secundum quod importat propositum non poenitendi. Aliud autem est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6844 parvitas et brevitas boni quod quis in peccato quaerit, secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6845 illud Rom. VI, <i>quem fructum habuistis in quibus nunc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6846 erubescitis?</i> Cuius consideratio inducere solet hominem ad hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6847 quod eius voluntas in peccato non firmetur. Et hoc tollitur per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6848 obstinationem, quando scilicet homo firmat suum propositum in hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6849 quod peccato inhaereat. Et de his duobus dicitur Ierem. VIII,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6850 <i>nullus est qui agat poenitentiam super peccato suo, dicens, quid
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6851 feci?</i> Quantum ad primum; <i>omnes conversi sunt ad cursum quasi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6852 equus impetu vadens ad praelium</i>, quantum ad secundum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6853 <p title="II-II q. 14 a. 2 ad 1"><a name="39373"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6854 "ref">[39373] IIª-IIae q. 14 a. 2 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6855 ergo dicendum quod peccatum desperationis vel praesumptionis non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6856 consistit in hoc quod Dei iustitia vel misericordia non credatur,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6857 sed in hoc quod contemnatur.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6858 <p title="II-II q. 14 a. 2 ad 2"><a name="39374"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6859 "ref">[39374] IIª-IIae q. 14 a. 2 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6860 dicendum quod obstinatio et impoenitentia non solum differunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6861 secundum praeteritum et futurum, sed secundum quasdam formales
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6862 rationes ex diversa consideratione eorum quae in peccato
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6863 considerari possunt, ut dictum est.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6864 <p title="II-II q. 14 a. 2 ad 3"><a name="39375"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6865 "ref">[39375] IIª-IIae q. 14 a. 2 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6866 dicendum quod gratiam et veritatem Christus fecit per dona spiritus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6867 sancti, quae hominibus dedit.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6868 <p title="II-II q. 14 a. 2 ad 4"><a name="39376"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6869 "ref">[39376] IIª-IIae q. 14 a. 2 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6870 dicendum quod nolle obedire pertinet ad obstinationem; simulatio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6871 poenitentiae ad impoenitentiam; schisma ad invidentiam fraternae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6872 gratiae, per quam membra Ecclesiae uniuntur.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6873 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6874 <div class="E">Articulus 3</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6875 <p title="II-II q. 14 a. 3 arg. 1"><a name="39377"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6876 "ref">[39377] IIª-IIae q. 14 a. 3 arg. 1</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6877 sic proceditur. Videtur quod peccatum in spiritum sanctum non sit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6878 irremissibile. Dicit enim Augustinus, in libro de Verb. Dom., <i>de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6879 nullo desperandum est quandiu patientia domini ad poenitentiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6880 adducit</i>. Sed si aliquod peccatum esset irremissibile, esset de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6881 aliquo peccatore desperandum. Ergo peccatum in spiritum sanctum non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6882 est irremissibile.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6883 <p title="II-II q. 14 a. 3 arg. 2"><a name="39378"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6884 "ref">[39378] IIª-IIae q. 14 a. 3 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6885 nullum peccatum remittitur nisi per hoc quod anima sanatur a Deo.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6886 <i>Sed omnipotenti medico nullus insanabilis languor occurrit</i>,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6887 sicut dicit Glossa super illud Psalm., <i>qui sanat omnes
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6888 infirmitates tuas</i>. Ergo peccatum in spiritum sanctum non est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6889 irremissibile.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6890 <p title="II-II q. 14 a. 3 arg. 3"><a name="39379"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6891 "ref">[39379] IIª-IIae q. 14 a. 3 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6892 liberum arbitrium se habet ad bonum et ad malum. Sed quandiu durat
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6893 status viae, potest aliquis a quacumque virtute excidere, cum etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6894 Angelus de caelo ceciderit, unde dicitur Iob IV, <i>in Angelis suis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6895 reperit pravitatem, quanto magis qui habitant domos luteas?</i>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6896 Ergo pari ratione potest aliquis a quocumque peccato ad statum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6897 iustitiae redire. Ergo peccatum in spiritum sanctum non est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6898 irremissibile.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6899 <p title="II-II q. 14 a. 3 s. c."><a name="39380"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6900 "ref">[39380] IIª-IIae q. 14 a. 3 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6901 est quod dicitur Matth. XII, <i>qui dixerit verbum contra spiritum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6902 sanctum, non remittetur ei neque in hoc saeculo neque in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6903 futuro</i>. Et Augustinus dicit, in libro de Serm. Dom. in monte,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6904 quod <i>tanta est labes huius peccati quod humilitatem deprecandi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6905 subire non potest</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6906 <p title="II-II q. 14 a. 3 co."><a name="39381"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6907 "ref">[39381] IIª-IIae q. 14 a. 3 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6908 dicendum quod secundum diversas acceptiones peccati in spiritum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6909 sanctum, diversimode irremissibile dicitur. Si enim dicatur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6910 peccatum in spiritum sanctum finalis impoenitentia, sic dicitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6911 irremissibile quia nullo modo remittitur. Peccatum enim mortale in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6912 quo homo perseverat usque ad mortem, quia in hac vita non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6913 remittitur per poenitentiam, nec etiam in futuro dimittetur.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6914 Secundum autem alias duas acceptiones dicitur irremissibile, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6915 quia nullo modo remittatur, sed quia, quantum est de se, habet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6916 meritum ut non remittatur. Et hoc dupliciter. Uno modo, quantum ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6917 poenam. Qui enim ex ignorantia vel infirmitate peccat, minorem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6918 poenam meretur, qui autem ex certa malitia peccat, non habet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6919 aliquam excusationem unde eius poena minuatur. Similiter etiam qui
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6920 blasphemabat in filium hominis, eius divinitate nondum revelata,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6921 poterat habere aliquam excusationem propter infirmitatem carnis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6922 quam in eo aspiciebat, et sic minorem poenam merebatur, sed qui
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6923 ipsam divinitatem blasphemabat, opera spiritus sancti Diabolo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6924 attribuens, nullam excusationem habebat unde eius poena
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6925 diminueretur. Et ideo dicitur, secundum expositionem Chrysostomi,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6926 hoc peccatum Iudaeis non remitti neque in hoc saeculo neque in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6927 futuro, quia pro eo passi sunt poenam et in praesenti vita per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6928 Romanos, et in futura vita in poena Inferni. Sicut etiam Athanasius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6929 inducit exemplum de eorum parentibus, qui primo quidem contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6930 Moysen contenderunt propter defectum aquae et panis, et hoc dominus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6931 sustinuit patienter, habebant enim excusationem ex infirmitate
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6932 carnis. Sed postmodum gravius peccaverunt quasi blasphemantes in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6933 spiritum sanctum, beneficia Dei qui eos de Aegypto eduxerat, idolo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6934 attribuentes, cum dixerunt, <i>hi sunt dii tui, Israel, qui te
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6935 eduxerunt de terra Aegypti</i>. Et ideo dominus et temporaliter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6936 fecit eos puniri, quia <i>ceciderunt in die illo quasi tria millia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6937 hominum</i>; et in futurum eis poenam comminatur, dicens, <i>ego
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6938 autem in die ultionis visitabo hoc peccatum eorum</i>. Alio modo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6939 potest intelligi quantum ad culpam, sicut aliquis dicitur morbus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6940 incurabilis secundum naturam morbi, per quem tollitur id ex quo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6941 morbus potest curari, puta cum morbus tollit virtutem naturae, vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6942 inducit fastidium cibi et medicinae; licet etiam talem morbum Deus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6943 possit curare. Ita etiam peccatum in spiritum sanctum dicitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6944 irremissibile secundum suam naturam, inquantum excludit ea per quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6945 fit remissio peccatorum. Per hoc tamen non praecluditur via
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6946 remittendi et sanandi omnipotentiae et misericordiae Dei, per quam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6947 aliquando tales quasi miraculose spiritualiter sanantur.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6948 <p title="II-II q. 14 a. 3 ad 1"><a name="39382"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6949 "ref">[39382] IIª-IIae q. 14 a. 3 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6950 ergo dicendum quod de nemine desperandum est in hac vita,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6951 considerata omnipotentia et misericordia Dei. Sed considerata
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6952 conditione peccati, dicuntur aliqui filii diffidentiae, ut habetur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6953 ad Ephes. II.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6954 <p title="II-II q. 14 a. 3 ad 2"><a name="39383"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6955 "ref">[39383] IIª-IIae q. 14 a. 3 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6956 dicendum quod ratio illa procedit ex parte omnipotentiae Dei, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6957 secundum conditionem peccati.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6958 <p title="II-II q. 14 a. 3 ad 3"><a name="39384"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6959 "ref">[39384] IIª-IIae q. 14 a. 3 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6960 dicendum quod liberum arbitrium remanet quidem semper in hac vita
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6961 vertibile, tamen quandoque abiicit a se id per quod verti potest ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6962 bonum, quantum in ipso est. Unde ex parte sua peccatum est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6963 irremissibile, licet Deus remittere possit.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6964 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6965 <div class="E">Articulus 4</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6966 <p title="II-II q. 14 a. 4 arg. 1"><a name="39385"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6967 "ref">[39385] IIª-IIae q. 14 a. 4 arg. 1</span></a> Ad quartum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6968 sic proceditur. Videtur quod homo non possit primo peccare in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6969 spiritum sanctum, non praesuppositis aliis peccatis. Naturalis enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6970 ordo est ut ab imperfecto ad perfectum quis moveatur. Et hoc quidem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6971 in bonis apparet, secundum illud Proverb. IV, <i>iustorum semita
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6972 quasi lux splendens crescit et proficit usque ad perfectum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6973 diem</i>. Sed perfectum dicitur in malis quod est maximum malum, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6974 patet per philosophum, in V Metaphys. Cum igitur peccatum in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6975 spiritum sanctum sit gravissimum, videtur quod homo ad hoc peccatum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6976 perveniat per alia peccata minora.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6977 <p title="II-II q. 14 a. 4 arg. 2"><a name="39386"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6978 "ref">[39386] IIª-IIae q. 14 a. 4 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6979 peccare in spiritum sanctum est peccare ex certa malitia, sive ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6980 electione. Sed hoc non statim potest homo, antequam multoties
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6981 peccaverit, dicit enim philosophus, in V Ethic., quod, si homo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6982 possit iniusta facere, non tamen potest statim operari sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6983 iniustus, scilicet ex electione. Ergo videtur quod peccatum in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6984 spiritum sanctum non possit committi nisi post alia peccata.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6985 <p title="II-II q. 14 a. 4 arg. 3"><a name="39387"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6986 "ref">[39387] IIª-IIae q. 14 a. 4 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6987 poenitentia et impoenitentia sunt circa idem. Sed poenitentia non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6988 est nisi de peccatis praeteritis. Ergo etiam neque impoenitentia,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6989 quae est species peccati in spiritum sanctum. Peccatum ergo in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6990 spiritum sanctum praesupponit alia peccata.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6991 <p title="II-II q. 14 a. 4 s. c."><a name="39388"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6992 "ref">[39388] IIª-IIae q. 14 a. 4 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6993 est quod <i>facile est in conspectu Dei subito honestare
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6994 pauperem</i>, ut dicitur Eccli. XI. Ergo e contrario possibile est,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6995 secundum malitiam Daemonis suggerentis, ut statim aliquis inducatur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6996 in gravissimum peccatum, quod est in spiritum sanctum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6997 <p title="II-II q. 14 a. 4 co."><a name="39389"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6998 "ref">[39389] IIª-IIae q. 14 a. 4 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	6999 dicendum quod, sicut dictum est, peccare in spiritum sanctum uno
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7000 modo est peccare ex certa malitia. Ex certa autem malitia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7001 dupliciter peccare contingit, sicut dictum est. Uno modo, ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7002 inclinatione habitus, quod non est proprie peccare in spiritum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7003 sanctum. Et hoc modo peccare ex certa malitia non contingit a
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7004 principio, oportet enim actus peccatorum praecedere ex quibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7005 causetur habitus ad peccandum inclinans. Alio modo potest aliquis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7006 peccare ex certa malitia abiiciendo per contemptum ea per quae homo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7007 retrahitur a peccando, quod proprie est peccare in spiritum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7008 sanctum, sicut dictum est. Et hoc etiam plerumque praesupponit alia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7009 peccata, quia sicut dicitur Proverb. XVIII, <i>impius, cum in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7010 profundum peccatorum venerit, contemnit</i>. Potest tamen
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7011 contingere quod aliquis in primo actu peccati in spiritum sanctum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7012 peccet per contemptum, tum propter libertatem arbitrii; tum etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7013 propter multas dispositiones praecedentes; vel etiam propter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7014 aliquod vehemens motivum ad malum et debilem affectum hominis ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7015 bonum. Et ideo in viris perfectis hoc vix aut nunquam accidere
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7016 potest quod statim a principio peccent in spiritum sanctum. Unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7017 dicit Origenes, in I Periarch., <i>non arbitror quod aliquis ex his
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7018 qui in summo perfectoque gradu constiterint, ad subitum evacuetur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7019 aut decidat, sed paulatim ac per partes eum decidere necesse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7020 est</i>. Et eadem ratio est si peccatum in spiritum sanctum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7021 accipiatur ad litteram pro blasphemia spiritus sancti. Talis enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7022 blasphemia de qua dominus loquitur, semper ex malitiae contemptu
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7023 procedit. Si vero per peccatum in spiritum sanctum intelligatur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7024 finalis impoenitentia, secundum intellectum Augustini, quaestionem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7025 non habet, quia ad peccatum in spiritum sanctum requiritur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7026 continuatio peccatorum usque in finem vitae.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7027 <p title="II-II q. 14 a. 4 ad 1"><a name="39390"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7028 "ref">[39390] IIª-IIae q. 14 a. 4 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7029 ergo dicendum quod tam in bono quam in malo, ut in pluribus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7030 proceditur ab imperfecto ad perfectum, prout homo proficit vel in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7031 bono vel in malo. Et tamen in utroque unus potest incipere a maiori
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7032 quam alius. Et ita illud a quo aliquis incipit, potest esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7033 perfectum in bono vel in malo secundum genus suum; licet sit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7034 imperfectum secundum seriem processus hominis in melius vel in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7035 peius proficientis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7036 <p title="II-II q. 14 a. 4 ad 2"><a name="39391"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7037 "ref">[39391] IIª-IIae q. 14 a. 4 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7038 dicendum quod ratio illa procedit de peccato ex malitia quando est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7039 ex inclinatione habitus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7040 <p title="II-II q. 14 a. 4 ad 3"><a name="39392"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7041 "ref">[39392] IIª-IIae q. 14 a. 4 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7042 dicendum quod, si accipiatur impoenitentia secundum intentionem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7043 Augustini, secundum quod importat permanentiam in peccato usque in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7044 finem, sic planum est quod impoenitentia praesupponit peccata,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7045 sicut et poenitentia. Sed si loquamur de impoenitentia habituali,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7046 secundum quod ponitur species peccati in spiritum sanctum, sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7047 manifestum est quod impoenitentia potest esse etiam ante peccata,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7048 potest enim ille qui nunquam peccavit habere propositum vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7049 poenitendi vel non poenitendi, si contingeret eum peccare.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7050 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7051 <div class="D">Quaestio 15</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7052 <div class="G">Prooemium</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7053 <p title="II-II q. 15 pr."><a name="39393"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7054 "ref">[39393] IIª-IIae q. 15 pr.</span></a> Deinde
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7055 considerandum est de vitiis oppositis scientiae et intellectui. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7056 quia de ignorantia, quae opponitur scientiae, dictum est supra, cum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7057 de causis peccatorum ageretur; quaerendum est nunc de caecitate
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7058 mentis et hebetudine sensus, quae opponuntur dono intellectus. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7059 circa hoc quaeruntur tria. Primo, utrum caecitas mentis sit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7060 peccatum. Secundo, utrum hebetudo sensus sit aliud peccatum a
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7061 caecitate mentis. Tertio, utrum haec vitia a peccatis carnalibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7062 oriantur.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7063 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7064 <div class="E">Articulus 1</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7065 <p title="II-II q. 15 a. 1 arg. 1"><a name="39394"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7066 "ref">[39394] IIª-IIae q. 15 a. 1 arg. 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7067 sic proceditur. Videtur quod caecitas mentis non sit peccatum.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7068 Illud enim quod excusat a peccato non videtur esse peccatum. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7069 caecitas excusat a peccato, dicitur enim Ioan. IX, <i>si caeci
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7070 essetis, non haberetis peccatum</i>. Ergo caecitas mentis non est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7071 peccatum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7072 <p title="II-II q. 15 a. 1 arg. 2"><a name="39395"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7073 "ref">[39395] IIª-IIae q. 15 a. 1 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7074 poena differt a culpa. Sed caecitas mentis est quaedam poena, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7075 patet per illud quod habetur Isaiae VI, <i>excaeca cor populi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7076 huius</i>; non enim esset a Deo, cum sit malum, nisi poena esset.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7077 Ergo caecitas mentis non est peccatum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7078 <p title="II-II q. 15 a. 1 arg. 3"><a name="39396"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7079 "ref">[39396] IIª-IIae q. 15 a. 1 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7080 omne peccatum est voluntarium, ut Augustinus dicit. Sed caecitas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7081 mentis non est voluntaria, quia ut Augustinus dicit, X Confess.,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7082 <i>cognoscere veritatem lucentem omnes amant</i>; et Eccle. XI
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7083 dicitur, <i>dulce lumen, et delectabile oculis videre solem</i>.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7084 Ergo caecitas mentis non est peccatum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7085 <p title="II-II q. 15 a. 1 s. c."><a name="39397"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7086 "ref">[39397] IIª-IIae q. 15 a. 1 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7087 est quod Gregorius, XXXI Moral., caecitatem mentis ponit inter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7088 vitia quae causantur ex luxuria.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7089 <p title="II-II q. 15 a. 1 co."><a name="39398"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7090 "ref">[39398] IIª-IIae q. 15 a. 1 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7091 dicendum quod sicut caecitas corporalis est privatio eius quod est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7092 principium corporalis visionis, ita etiam caecitas mentis est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7093 privatio eius quod est principium mentalis sive intellectualis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7094 visionis. Cuius quidem principium est triplex. Unum quidem est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7095 lumen naturalis rationis. Et hoc lumen, cum pertineat ad speciem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7096 animae rationalis, nunquam privatur ab anima. Impeditur tamen
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7097 quandoque a proprio actu per impedimenta virium inferiorum, quibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7098 indiget intellectus humanus ad intelligendum, sicut patet in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7099 amentibus et furiosis, ut in primo dictum est. Aliud autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7100 principium intellectualis visionis est aliquod lumen habituale
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7101 naturali lumini rationis superadditum. Et hoc quidem lumen interdum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7102 privatur ab anima. Et talis privatio est caecitas quae est poena,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7103 secundum quod privatio luminis gratiae quaedam poena ponitur. Unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7104 dicitur de quibusdam, Sap. II, <i>excaecavit illos malitia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7105 eorum</i>. Tertium principium visionis intellectualis est aliquod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7106 intelligibile principium per quod homo intelligit alia. Cui quidem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7107 principio intelligibili mens hominis potest intendere vel non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7108 intendere. Et quod ei non intendat contingit dupliciter. Quandoque
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7109 quidem ex hoc quod habet voluntatem spontanee se avertentem a
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7110 consideratione talis principii, secundum illud Psalm., <i>noluit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7111 intelligere ut bene ageret</i>. Alio modo, per occupationem mentis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7112 circa alia quae magis diligit, quibus ab inspectione huius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7113 principii mens avertitur, secundum illud Psalm., <i>supercecidit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7114 ignis</i>, scilicet concupiscentiae, <i>et non viderunt solem</i>.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7115 Et utroque modo caecitas mentis est peccatum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7116 <p title="II-II q. 15 a. 1 ad 1"><a name="39399"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7117 "ref">[39399] IIª-IIae q. 15 a. 1 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7118 ergo dicendum quod caecitas quae excusat a peccato est quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7119 contingit ex naturali defectu non potentis videre.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7120 <p title="II-II q. 15 a. 1 ad 2"><a name="39400"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7121 "ref">[39400] IIª-IIae q. 15 a. 1 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7122 dicendum quod ratio illa procedit de secunda caecitate, quae est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7123 poena.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7124 <p title="II-II q. 15 a. 1 ad 3"><a name="39401"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7125 "ref">[39401] IIª-IIae q. 15 a. 1 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7126 dicendum quod intelligere veritatem cuilibet est secundum se
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7127 amabile. Potest tamen per accidens esse alicui odibile, inquantum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7128 scilicet per hoc homo impeditur ab aliis quae magis amat.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7129 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7130 <div class="E">Articulus 2</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7131 <p title="II-II q. 15 a. 2 arg. 1"><a name="39402"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7132 "ref">[39402] IIª-IIae q. 15 a. 2 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7133 secundum sic proceditur. Videtur quod hebetudo sensus non sit aliud
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7134 a caecitate mentis. Unum enim uni est contrarium. Sed dono
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7135 intellectus opponitur hebetudo, ut patet per Gregorium, in II
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7136 Moral.; cui etiam opponitur caecitas mentis, eo quod intellectus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7137 principium quoddam visivum designat. Ergo hebetudo sensus est idem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7138 quod caecitas mentis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7139 <p title="II-II q. 15 a. 2 arg. 2"><a name="39403"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7140 "ref">[39403] IIª-IIae q. 15 a. 2 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7141 Gregorius, in XXXI Moral., de hebetudine loquens, nominat eam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7142 hebetudinem sensus circa intelligentiam. Sed hebetari sensu circa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7143 intelligentiam nihil aliud esse videtur quam intelligendo deficere,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7144 quod pertinet ad mentis caecitatem. Ergo hebetudo sensus idem est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7145 quod caecitas mentis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7146 <p title="II-II q. 15 a. 2 arg. 3"><a name="39404"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7147 "ref">[39404] IIª-IIae q. 15 a. 2 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7148 si in aliquo differunt, maxime videntur in hoc differre quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7149 caecitas mentis est voluntaria, ut supra dictum est, hebetudo autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7150 sensus est naturalis. Sed defectus naturalis non est peccatum. Ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7151 secundum hoc hebetudo sensus non esset peccatum. Quod est contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7152 Gregorium, qui connumerat eam inter vitia quae ex gula
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7153 oriuntur.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7154 <p title="II-II q. 15 a. 2 s. c."><a name="39405"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7155 "ref">[39405] IIª-IIae q. 15 a. 2 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7156 est quod diversarum causarum sunt diversi effectus. Sed Gregorius,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7157 XXXI Moral., dicit quod hebetudo mentis oritur ex gula, caecitas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7158 autem mentis ex luxuria. Ergo sunt diversa vitia.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7159 <p title="II-II q. 15 a. 2 co."><a name="39406"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7160 "ref">[39406] IIª-IIae q. 15 a. 2 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7161 dicendum quod hebes acuto opponitur. Acutum autem dicitur aliquid
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7162 ex hoc quod est penetrativum. Unde et hebes dicitur aliquid ex hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7163 quod est obtusum, penetrare non valens. Sensus autem corporalis per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7164 quandam similitudinem penetrare dicitur medium inquantum ex aliqua
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7165 distantia suum obiectum percipit; vel inquantum potest quasi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7166 penetrando intima rei percipere. Unde in corporalibus dicitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7167 aliquis esse acuti sensus qui potest percipere sensibile aliquod ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7168 remotis, vel videndo vel audiendo vel olfaciendo; et e contrario
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7169 dicitur sensu hebetari qui non percipit nisi ex propinquo et magna
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7170 sensibilia. Ad similitudinem autem corporalis sensus dicitur etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7171 circa intelligentiam esse aliquis sensus, qui est aliquorum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7172 primorum extremorum, ut dicitur in VI Ethic., sicut etiam sensus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7173 est cognoscitivus sensibilium quasi quorundam principiorum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7174 cognitionis. Hic autem sensus qui est circa intelligentiam non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7175 percipit suum obiectum per medium distantiae corporalis, sed per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7176 quaedam alia media, sicut cum per proprietatem rei percipit eius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7177 essentiam, et per effectus percipit causam. Ille ergo dicitur esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7178 acuti sensus circa intelligentiam qui statim ad apprehensionem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7179 proprietatis rei, vel etiam effectus, naturam rei comprehendit, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7180 inquantum usque ad minimas conditiones rei considerandas pertingit.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7181 Ille autem dicitur esse hebes circa intelligentiam qui ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7182 cognoscendam veritatem rei pertingere non potest nisi per multa ei
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7183 exposita, et tunc etiam non potest pertingere ad perfecte
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7184 considerandum omnia quae pertinent ad rei rationem. Sic igitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7185 hebetudo sensus circa intelligentiam importat quandam debilitatem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7186 mentis circa considerationem spiritualium bonorum, caecitas autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7187 mentis importat omnimodam privationem cognitionis ipsorum. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7188 utrumque opponitur dono intellectus, per quem homo spiritualia bona
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7189 apprehendendo cognoscit et ad eorum intima subtiliter penetrat.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7190 Habet autem hebetudo rationem peccati sicut et caecitas mentis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7191 inquantum scilicet est voluntaria, ut patet in eo qui, affectus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7192 circa carnalia, de spiritualibus subtiliter discutere fastidit vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7193 negligit.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7194 <p title="II-II q. 15 a. 2 ad arg."><a name="39407"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7195 "ref">[39407] IIª-IIae q. 15 a. 2 ad arg.</span></a> Et per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7196 hoc patet responsio ad obiecta.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7197 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7198 <div class="E">Articulus 3</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7199 <p title="II-II q. 15 a. 3 arg. 1"><a name="39408"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7200 "ref">[39408] IIª-IIae q. 15 a. 3 arg. 1</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7201 sic proceditur. Videtur quod caecitas mentis et hebetudo sensus non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7202 oriantur ex vitiis carnalibus. Augustinus enim, in libro Retract.,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7203 retractans illud quod dixerat in Soliloq., <i>Deus, qui non nisi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7204 mundos verum scire voluisti</i>, dicit quod <i>responderi potest
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7205 multos etiam non mundos multa vera scire</i>. Sed homines maxime
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7206 efficiuntur immundi per vitia carnalia. Ergo caecitas mentis et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7207 hebetudo sensus non causantur a vitiis carnalibus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7208 <p title="II-II q. 15 a. 3 arg. 2"><a name="39409"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7209 "ref">[39409] IIª-IIae q. 15 a. 3 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7210 caecitas mentis et hebetudo sensus sunt defectus quidam circa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7211 partem animae intellectivam; vitia autem carnalia pertinent ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7212 corruptionem carnis. Sed caro non agit in animam, sed potius e
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7213 converso. Ergo vitia carnalia non causant caecitatem mentis et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7214 hebetudinem sensus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7215 <p title="II-II q. 15 a. 3 arg. 3"><a name="39410"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7216 "ref">[39410] IIª-IIae q. 15 a. 3 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7217 unumquodque magis patitur a propinquiori quam a remotiori. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7218 propinquiora sunt menti vitia spiritualia quam carnalia. Ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7219 caecitas mentis et hebetudo sensus magis causantur ex vitiis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7220 spiritualibus quam ex vitiis carnalibus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7221 <p title="II-II q. 15 a. 3 s. c."><a name="39411"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7222 "ref">[39411] IIª-IIae q. 15 a. 3 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7223 est quod Gregorius, XXXI Moral., dicit quod hebetudo sensus circa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7224 intelligentiam oritur ex gula, caecitas mentis ex luxuria.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7225 <p title="II-II q. 15 a. 3 co."><a name="39412"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7226 "ref">[39412] IIª-IIae q. 15 a. 3 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7227 dicendum quod perfectio intellectualis operationis in homine
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7228 consistit in quadam abstractione a sensibilium phantasmatibus. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7229 ideo quanto intellectus hominis magis fuerit liber ab huiusmodi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7230 phantasmatibus, tanto potius considerare intelligibilia poterit et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7231 ordinare omnia sensibilia, sicut et Anaxagoras dixit quod oportet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7232 intellectum esse immixtum ad hoc quod imperet, et agens oportet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7233 quod dominetur super materiam ad hoc quod possit eam movere.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7234 Manifestum est autem quod delectatio applicat intentionem ad ea in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7235 quibus aliquis delectatur, unde philosophus dicit, in X Ethic.,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7236 quod unusquisque ea in quibus delectatur optime operatur, contraria
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7237 vero nequaquam vel debiliter. Vitia autem carnalia, scilicet gula
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7238 et luxuria, consistunt circa delectationes tactus, ciborum scilicet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7239 et venereorum, quae sunt vehementissimae inter omnes corporales
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7240 delectationes. Et ideo per haec vitia intentio hominis maxime
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7241 applicatur ad corporalia, et per consequens debilitatur operatio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7242 hominis circa intelligibilia, magis autem per luxuriam quam per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7243 gulam, quanto delectationes venereorum sunt vehementiores quam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7244 ciborum. Et ideo ex luxuria oritur caecitas mentis, quae quasi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7245 totaliter spiritualium bonorum cognitionem excludit, ex gula autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7246 hebetudo sensus, quae reddit hominem debilem circa huiusmodi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7247 intelligibilia. Et e converso oppositae virtutes, scilicet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7248 abstinentia et castitas, maxime disponunt hominem ad perfectionem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7249 intellectualis operationis. Unde dicitur Dan. I, quod pueris his,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7250 scilicet abstinentibus et continentibus, <i>dedit Deus scientiam et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7251 disciplinam in omni libro et sapientia</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7252 <p title="II-II q. 15 a. 3 ad 1"><a name="39413"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7253 "ref">[39413] IIª-IIae q. 15 a. 3 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7254 ergo dicendum quod, quamvis aliqui vitiis carnalibus subditi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7255 possint quandoque subtiliter aliqua speculari circa intelligibilia,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7256 propter bonitatem ingenii naturalis vel habitus superadditi; tamen
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7257 necesse est ut ab hac subtilitate contemplationis eorum intentio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7258 plerumque retrahatur propter delectationes corporales. Et ita
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7259 immundi possunt aliqua vera scire sed ex sua immunditia circa hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7260 impediuntur.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7261 <p title="II-II q. 15 a. 3 ad 2"><a name="39414"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7262 "ref">[39414] IIª-IIae q. 15 a. 3 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7263 dicendum quod caro non agit in partem intellectivam alterando
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7264 ipsam, sed impediendo operationem ipsius per modum praedictum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7265 <p title="II-II q. 15 a. 3 ad 3"><a name="39415"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7266 "ref">[39415] IIª-IIae q. 15 a. 3 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7267 dicendum quod vitia carnalia, quo magis sunt remota a mente, eo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7268 magis eius intentionem ad remotiora distrahunt. Unde magis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7269 impediunt mentis contemplationem.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7270 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7271 <div class="D">Quaestio 16</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7272 <div class="G">Prooemium</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7273 <p title="II-II q. 16 pr."><a name="39416"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7274 "ref">[39416] IIª-IIae q. 16 pr.</span></a> Deinde
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7275 considerandum est de praeceptis pertinentibus ad praedicta. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7276 circa hoc quaeruntur duo. Primo, de praeceptis pertinentibus ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7277 fidem. Secundo, de praeceptis pertinentibus ad dona scientiae et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7278 intellectus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7279 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7280 <div class="E">Articulus 1</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7281 <p title="II-II q. 16 a. 1 arg. 1"><a name="39417"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7282 "ref">[39417] IIª-IIae q. 16 a. 1 arg. 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7283 sic proceditur. Videtur quod in veteri lege dari debuerint
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7284 praecepta credendi. Praeceptum enim est de eo quod est debitum et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7285 necessarium. Sed maxime necessarium est homini quod credat,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7286 secundum illud Heb. XI, <i>sine fide impossibile est placere
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7287 Deo</i>. Ergo maxime oportuit praecepta dari de fide.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7288 <p title="II-II q. 16 a. 1 arg. 2"><a name="39418"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7289 "ref">[39418] IIª-IIae q. 16 a. 1 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7290 novum testamentum continetur in veteri sicut figuratum in figura,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7291 ut supra dictum est. Sed in novo testamento ponuntur expressa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7292 mandata de fide, ut patet Ioan. XIV, <i>creditis in Deum, et in me
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7293 credite</i>. Ergo videtur quod in veteri lege etiam debuerint
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7294 aliqua praecepta dari de fide.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7295 <p title="II-II q. 16 a. 1 arg. 3"><a name="39419"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7296 "ref">[39419] IIª-IIae q. 16 a. 1 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7297 eiusdem rationis est praecipere actum virtutis et prohibere vitia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7298 opposita. Sed in veteri lege ponuntur multa praecepta prohibentia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7299 infidelitatem, sicut Exod. XX, <i>non habebis deos alienos coram
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7300 me</i>; et iterum Deut. XIII mandatur quod non audient verba
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7301 prophetae aut somniatoris qui eos de fide Dei vellet divertere.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7302 Ergo in veteri lege etiam debuerunt dari praecepta de fide.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7303 <p title="II-II q. 16 a. 1 arg. 4"><a name="39420"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7304 "ref">[39420] IIª-IIae q. 16 a. 1 arg. 4</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7305 confessio est actus fidei, ut supra dictum est. Sed de confessione
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7306 et promulgatione fidei dantur praecepta in veteri lege, mandatur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7307 enim Exod. XII quod filiis suis interrogantibus rationem assignent
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7308 paschalis observantiae; et Deut. XIII mandatur quod ille qui
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7309 disseminat doctrinam contra fidem occidatur. Ergo lex vetus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7310 praecepta fidei debuit habere.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7311 <p title="II-II q. 16 a. 1 arg. 5"><a name="39421"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7312 "ref">[39421] IIª-IIae q. 16 a. 1 arg. 5</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7313 omnes libri veteris testamenti sub lege veteri continentur, unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7314 dominus, Ioan. XV, dicit in lege esse scriptum, <i>odio habuerunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7315 me gratis</i>, quod tamen scribitur in Psalmo. Sed Eccli. II
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7316 dicitur, <i>qui timetis dominum, credite illi</i>. Ergo in veteri
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7317 lege fuerunt praecepta danda de fide.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7318 <p title="II-II q. 16 a. 1 s. c."><a name="39422"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7319 "ref">[39422] IIª-IIae q. 16 a. 1 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7320 est quod apostolus, ad Rom. III, legem veterem nominat legem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7321 factorum, et dividit eam contra legem fidei. Ergo in lege veteri
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7322 non fuerunt praecepta danda de fide.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7323 <p title="II-II q. 16 a. 1 co."><a name="39423"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7324 "ref">[39423] IIª-IIae q. 16 a. 1 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7325 dicendum quod lex non imponitur ab aliquo domino nisi suis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7326 subditis, et ideo praecepta legis cuiuslibet praesupponunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7327 subiectionem recipientis legem ad eum qui dat legem. Prima autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7328 subiectio hominis ad Deum est per fidem, secundum illud Heb. XI,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7329 <i>accedentem ad Deum oportet credere quia est</i>. Et ideo fides
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7330 praesupponitur ad legis praecepta. Et propter hoc Exod. XX id quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7331 est fidei praemittitur ante legis praecepta, cum dicitur, <i>ego
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7332 sum dominus Deus tuus, qui eduxi te de terra Aegypti</i>. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7333 similiter Deut. VI praemittitur, <i>audi, Israel, dominus Deus tuus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7334 unus est</i>, et postea statim incipit agere de praeceptis. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7335 quia in fide multa continentur ordinata ad fidem qua credimus Deum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7336 esse, quod est primum et principale inter omnia credibilia, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7337 dictum est; ideo, praesupposita fide de Deo, per quam mens humana
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7338 Deo subiiciatur, possunt dari praecepta de aliis credendis, sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7339 Augustinus dicit, super Ioan., quod plurima sunt nobis de fide
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7340 mandata, exponens illud, hoc est praeceptum meum. Sed in veteri
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7341 lege non erant secreta fidei populo exponenda. Et ideo, supposita
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7342 fide unius Dei, nulla alia praecepta sunt in veteri lege data de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7343 credendis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7344 <p title="II-II q. 16 a. 1 ad 1"><a name="39424"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7345 "ref">[39424] IIª-IIae q. 16 a. 1 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7346 ergo dicendum quod fides est necessaria tanquam principium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7347 spiritualis vitae. Et ideo praesupponitur ad legis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7348 susceptionem.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7349 <p title="II-II q. 16 a. 1 ad 2"><a name="39425"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7350 "ref">[39425] IIª-IIae q. 16 a. 1 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7351 dicendum quod ibi etiam dominus praesupponit aliquid de fide,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7352 scilicet fidem unius Dei, cum dicit, creditis in Deum, et aliquid
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7353 praecipit, scilicet fidem incarnationis, per quam unus est Deus et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7354 homo; quae quidem fidei explicatio pertinet ad fidem novi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7355 testamenti. Et ideo subdit, et in me credite.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7356 <p title="II-II q. 16 a. 1 ad 3"><a name="39426"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7357 "ref">[39426] IIª-IIae q. 16 a. 1 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7358 dicendum quod praecepta prohibitiva respiciunt peccata, quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7359 corrumpunt virtutem. Virtus autem corrumpitur ex particularibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7360 defectibus, ut supra dictum est. Et ideo, praesupposita fide unius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7361 Dei, in lege veteri fuerunt danda prohibitiva praecepta, quibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7362 homines prohiberentur ab his particularibus defectibus per quos
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7363 fides corrumpi posset.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7364 <p title="II-II q. 16 a. 1 ad 4"><a name="39427"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7365 "ref">[39427] IIª-IIae q. 16 a. 1 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7366 dicendum quod etiam confessio vel doctrina fidei praesupponit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7367 subiectionem hominis ad Deum per fidem. Et ideo magis potuerunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7368 dari praecepta in veteri lege pertinentia ad confessionem et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7369 doctrinam fidei quam pertinentia ad ipsam fidem.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7370 <p title="II-II q. 16 a. 1 ad 5"><a name="39428"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7371 "ref">[39428] IIª-IIae q. 16 a. 1 ad 5</span></a> Ad quintum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7372 dicendum quod in illa etiam auctoritate praesupponitur fides per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7373 quam credimus Deum esse, unde praemittit, qui timetis Deum, quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7374 non posset esse sine fide. Quod autem addit, credite illi, ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7375 quaedam credibilia specialia referendum est, et praecipue ad illa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7376 quae promittit Deus sibi obedientibus. Unde subdit, <i>et non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7377 evacuabitur merces vestra</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7378 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7379 <div class="E">Articulus 2</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7380 <p title="II-II q. 16 a. 2 arg. 1"><a name="39429"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7381 "ref">[39429] IIª-IIae q. 16 a. 2 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7382 secundum sic proceditur. Videtur quod in veteri lege inconvenienter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7383 tradantur praecepta pertinentia ad scientiam et intellectum.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7384 Scientia enim et intellectus ad cognitionem pertinent. Cognitio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7385 autem praecedit et dirigit actionem. Ergo praecepta ad scientiam et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7386 intellectum pertinentia debent praecedere praecepta pertinentia ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7387 actionem. Cum ergo prima praecepta legis sint praecepta Decalogi,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7388 videtur quod inter praecepta Decalogi debuerunt tradi aliqua
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7389 praecepta pertinentia ad scientiam et intellectum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7390 <p title="II-II q. 16 a. 2 arg. 2"><a name="39430"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7391 "ref">[39430] IIª-IIae q. 16 a. 2 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7392 disciplina praecedit doctrinam, prius enim homo ab alio discit quam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7393 alium doceat. Sed dantur in veteri lege aliqua praecepta de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7394 doctrina, et affirmativa, ut praecipitur Deut. IV, <i>docebis ea
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7395 filios ac nepotes tuos</i>; et etiam prohibitiva, sicut habetur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7396 Deut. IV, <i>non addetis ad verbum quod vobis loquor, neque
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7397 auferetis ab eo</i>. Ergo videtur quod etiam aliqua praecepta dari
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7398 debuerint inducentia hominem ad addiscendum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7399 <p title="II-II q. 16 a. 2 arg. 3"><a name="39431"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7400 "ref">[39431] IIª-IIae q. 16 a. 2 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7401 scientia et intellectus magis videntur necessaria sacerdoti quam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7402 regi, unde dicitur Malach. II, <i>labia sacerdotis custodiunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7403 scientiam, et legem requirunt ex ore eius</i>; et Osee IV dicitur,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7404 <i>quia scientiam repulisti, repellam te et ego, ne sacerdotio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7405 fungaris mihi</i>. Sed regi mandatur quod addiscat scientiam legis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7406 ut patet Deut. XVII. Ergo multo magis debuit praecipi in lege quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7407 sacerdotes legem addiscerent.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7408 <p title="II-II q. 16 a. 2 arg. 4"><a name="39432"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7409 "ref">[39432] IIª-IIae q. 16 a. 2 arg. 4</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7410 meditatio eorum quae ad scientiam et intellectum pertinent non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7411 potest esse in dormiendo. Impeditur etiam per occupationes
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7412 extraneas. Ergo inconvenienter praecipitur, Deut. VI,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7413 <i>meditaberis ea sedens in domo tua, et ambulans in itinere,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7414 dormiens atque consurgens</i>. Inconvenienter ergo traduntur in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7415 veteri lege praecepta ad scientiam et intellectum pertinentia.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7416 <p title="II-II q. 16 a. 2 s. c."><a name="39433"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7417 "ref">[39433] IIª-IIae q. 16 a. 2 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7418 est quod dicitur Deut. IV, <i>audientes universi praecepta haec,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7419 dicant, en populus sapiens et intelligens</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7420 <p title="II-II q. 16 a. 2 co."><a name="39434"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7421 "ref">[39434] IIª-IIae q. 16 a. 2 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7422 dicendum quod circa scientiam et intellectum tria possunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7423 considerari, primo quidem, acceptio ipsius; secundo, usus eius;
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7424 tertio vero, conservatio ipsius. Acceptio quidem scientiae vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7425 intellectus fit per doctrinam et disciplinam. Et utrumque in lege
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7426 praecipitur. Dicitur enim Deut. VI, <i>erunt verba haec quae ego
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7427 praecipio tibi, in corde tuo</i>, quod pertinet ad disciplinam,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7428 pertinet enim ad discipulum ut cor suum applicet his quae dicuntur.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7429 Quod vero subditur, <i>et narrabis ea filiis tuis</i>, pertinet ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7430 doctrinam. Usus vero scientiae vel intellectus est meditatio eorum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7431 quae quis scit vel intelligit. Et quantum ad hoc subditur, <i>et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7432 meditaberis sedens in domo tua</i>, et cetera. Conservatio autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7433 fit per memoriam. Et quantum ad hoc subdit, <i>et ligabis ea quasi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7434 signum in manu tua, eruntque et movebuntur inter oculos tuos,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7435 scribesque ea in limine et ostiis domus tuae</i>. Per quae omnia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7436 iugem memoriam mandatorum Dei significat, ea enim quae continue
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7437 sensibus nostris occurrunt, vel tactu, sicut ea quae in manu
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7438 habemus; vel visu, sicut ea quae ante oculos mentis sunt continue;
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7439 vel ad quae oportet nos saepe recurrere, sicut ad ostium domus; a
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7440 memoria nostra excidere non possunt. Et Deut. IV manifestius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7441 dicitur, <i>ne obliviscaris verborum quae viderunt oculi tui, et ne
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7442 excidant de corde tuo cunctis diebus vitae tuae</i>. Et haec etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7443 abundantius in novo testamento, tam in doctrina evangelica quam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7444 apostolica, mandata leguntur.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7445 <p title="II-II q. 16 a. 2 ad 1"><a name="39435"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7446 "ref">[39435] IIª-IIae q. 16 a. 2 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7447 ergo dicendum quod, sicut dicitur Deut. IV, <i>haec est vestra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7448 sapientia et intellectus coram populis</i>, ex quo datur intelligi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7449 quod scientia et intellectus fidelium Dei consistit in praeceptis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7450 legis. Et ideo primo sunt proponenda legis praecepta; et postmodum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7451 homines sunt inducendi ad eorum scientiam vel intellectum. Et ideo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7452 praemissa praecepta non debuerunt poni inter praecepta Decalogi,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7453 quae sunt prima.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7454 <p title="II-II q. 16 a. 2 ad 2"><a name="39436"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7455 "ref">[39436] IIª-IIae q. 16 a. 2 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7456 dicendum quod etiam in lege ponuntur praecepta pertinentia ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7457 disciplinam, ut dictum est. Expressius tamen praecipitur doctrina
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7458 quam disciplina, quia doctrina pertinet ad maiores, qui sunt sui
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7459 iuris, immediate sub lege existentes, quibus debent dari legis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7460 praecepta, disciplina autem pertinet ad minores, ad quos praecepta
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7461 legis per maiores debent pervenire.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7462 <p title="II-II q. 16 a. 2 ad 3"><a name="39437"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7463 "ref">[39437] IIª-IIae q. 16 a. 2 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7464 dicendum quod scientia legis est adeo annexa officio sacerdotis ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7465 simul cum iniunctione officii intelligatur etiam et scientiae legis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7466 iniunctio. Et ideo non oportuit specialia praecepta dari de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7467 instructione sacerdotum. Sed doctrina legis Dei non adeo est annexa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7468 regali officio, quia rex constituitur super populum in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7469 temporalibus. Et ideo specialiter praecipitur ut rex instruatur de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7470 his quae pertinent ad legem Dei per sacerdotes.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7471 <p title="II-II q. 16 a. 2 ad 4"><a name="39438"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7472 "ref">[39438] IIª-IIae q. 16 a. 2 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7473 dicendum quod illud praeceptum legis non est sic intelligendum quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7474 homo dormiendo meditetur de lege Dei, sed quod dormiens, idest
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7475 vadens dormitum, de lege Dei meditetur; quia ex hoc etiam homines
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7476 dormiendo nanciscuntur meliora phantasmata, secundum quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7477 pertranseunt motus a vigilantibus ad dormientes, ut patet per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7478 philosophum, in I Ethic. Similiter etiam mandatur ut in omni actu
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7479 suo aliquis meditetur de lege, non quod semper actu de lege
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7480 cogitet, sed quod omnia quae facit secundum legem moderetur.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7481 <div class="centro"><br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7482 <p><a href="sth3000.html"><img src="icons/ageretro.gif" width="19"
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7483 height="19" align="middle" border="0" alt="age retro" /></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7484 <a href="sth3017.html"><img src="icons/ageultra.gif" width="19"
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7485 height="19" align="middle" border="0" alt="age ultra" /></a></p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7486 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7487 <hr />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7488 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7489 <address>© 2006 Fundación Tomás de Aquino quoad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7490 hanc editionem<br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7491 Iura omnia asservantur<br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7492 OCLC nr. <a href="http://worldcatlibraries.org/wcpa/oclc/49644264"
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7493 style="text-decoration=none">49644264</a></address>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7494 </div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7495 </body>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	7496 </html>

Mercurial > hg > Aquinas

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