Aquinas: summa/latin/sth1084.html annotate

annotate summa/latin/sth1084.html @ 131:b97d856cd2bb

complete

author	ht
date	Sat, 13 Jul 2024 18:06:43 +0000
parents	f69488acd31e
children

rev	line source
59 03759e5c1080 fix multi-para s.c. ht parents: 53 diff changeset	1 <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "file:///c:/cygwin/usr/local/share/lib/xml/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
03759e5c1080 fix multi-para s.c. ht parents: 53 diff changeset	2 <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" lang="LA" xml:lang="LA">
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3 <head>
59 03759e5c1080 fix multi-para s.c. ht parents: 53 diff changeset	4 <meta name="generator" content="HTML Tidy for Windows (vers 1st February 2005), see www.w3.org"/>
03759e5c1080 fix multi-para s.c. ht parents: 53 diff changeset	5 <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=us-ascii"/>
03759e5c1080 fix multi-para s.c. ht parents: 53 diff changeset	6 <meta http-equiv="Content-Style-Type" content="text/css"/>
03759e5c1080 fix multi-para s.c. ht parents: 53 diff changeset	7 <meta http-equiv="Content-Script-Type" content="text/javascript"/>
03759e5c1080 fix multi-para s.c. ht parents: 53 diff changeset	8 <meta name="keywords" content="Thomas de Aquino, Summa Theologiae, Corpus Thomisticum"/>
03759e5c1080 fix multi-para s.c. ht parents: 53 diff changeset	9 <meta name="language" content="Latin"/>
03759e5c1080 fix multi-para s.c. ht parents: 53 diff changeset	10 <meta name="security" content="public"/>
03759e5c1080 fix multi-para s.c. ht parents: 53 diff changeset	11 <meta name="owner" content="ealarcon@unav.es"/>
03759e5c1080 fix multi-para s.c. ht parents: 53 diff changeset	12 <meta name="author" content="Enrique Alarcón"/>
03759e5c1080 fix multi-para s.c. ht parents: 53 diff changeset	13 <meta name="abstract" content=""/>
03759e5c1080 fix multi-para s.c. ht parents: 53 diff changeset	14 <link rel="stylesheet" media="screen" href="vscreen.css" type="text/css"/>
03759e5c1080 fix multi-para s.c. ht parents: 53 diff changeset	15 <link rel="stylesheet" media="print" href="vprint.css" type="text/css"/>
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	16 <title>Thomas de Aquino, Summa Theologiae, Iª q. 84-89</title>
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	17 </head>
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	18 <body><a href="http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/"/><div class="tres">CORPUS THOMISTICUM</div><div class="uno">Sancti Thomae de Aquino</div><div class="uno">Summa Theologiae</div><div class="dos">prima pars a quaestione LXXXIV ad quaestionem
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	19 LXXXIX</div><div class="centro">
59 03759e5c1080 fix multi-para s.c. ht parents: 53 diff changeset	20 <table align="center" summary="Imago">
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	21 <tr>
59 03759e5c1080 fix multi-para s.c. ht parents: 53 diff changeset	22 <th><img src="icons/ghent190.jpg" width="120" height="190" border="0" alt="Thomas de Aquino a Justo Ghent depictus" align="middle"/></th>
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	23 </tr>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	24 </table>
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	25 <br/>
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	26 <span class="tres">Textum Leoninum Romae 1889 editum<br/>
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	27 ac automato translatum a Roberto Busa SJ in taenias
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	28 magneticas<br/>
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	29 denuo recognovit Enrique Alarcón atque instruxit<br/>
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	30 <br/></span><br/>
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	31 <hr/>
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	32 <br/>
59 03759e5c1080 fix multi-para s.c. ht parents: 53 diff changeset	33 <p><a href="sth1077.html"><img src="icons/ageretro.gif" width="19" height="19" align="middle" border="0" alt="age retro"/></a>
03759e5c1080 fix multi-para s.c. ht parents: 53 diff changeset	34 <a href="sth1090.html"><img src="icons/ageultra.gif" width="19" height="19" align="middle" border="0" alt="age ultra"/></a></p>
03759e5c1080 fix multi-para s.c. ht parents: 53 diff changeset	35 <script language="JavaScript" type="text/javascript">
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	36 //
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	37 <!--
26 4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	38 // original code by Bill Trefzger 12/12/96; revised by Enrique Alarcon 12/9/2000
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	39 function go(){if(document.selecter.select1.options[document.selecter.select1.selectedIndex].value !="none"){location=document.selecter.select1.options[document.selecter.select1.selectedIndex].value}}
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	40 document.write('<FORM NAME="selecter"><SELECT NAME="select1">');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	41 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="none">INDEX');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	42 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="none">------------------------------------------------');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	43 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="index.html">Corpus Thomisticum');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	44 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="iopera.html">Opera omnia');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	45 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="zbiblia.html">Bibliographia Thomistica');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	46 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="none">------------------------------------------------');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	47 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#31948">I&ordf; q. 84 pr.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	48 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#31949">I&ordf; q. 84 a. 1 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	49 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#31950">I&ordf; q. 84 a. 1 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	50 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#31951">I&ordf; q. 84 a. 1 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	51 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#31952">I&ordf; q. 84 a. 1 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	52 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#31953">I&ordf; q. 84 a. 1 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	53 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#31954">I&ordf; q. 84 a. 1 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	54 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#31955">I&ordf; q. 84 a. 1 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	55 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#31956">I&ordf; q. 84 a. 1 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	56 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#31957">I&ordf; q. 84 a. 2 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	57 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#31958">I&ordf; q. 84 a. 2 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	58 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#31959">I&ordf; q. 84 a. 2 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	59 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#31960">I&ordf; q. 84 a. 2 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	60 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#31961">I&ordf; q. 84 a. 2 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	61 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#31962">I&ordf; q. 84 a. 2 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	62 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#31963">I&ordf; q. 84 a. 2 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	63 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#31964">I&ordf; q. 84 a. 2 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	64 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#31965">I&ordf; q. 84 a. 3 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	65 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#31966">I&ordf; q. 84 a. 3 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	66 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#31967">I&ordf; q. 84 a. 3 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	67 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#31968">I&ordf; q. 84 a. 3 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	68 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#31969">I&ordf; q. 84 a. 3 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	69 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#31970">I&ordf; q. 84 a. 3 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	70 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#31971">I&ordf; q. 84 a. 3 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	71 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#31972">I&ordf; q. 84 a. 3 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	72 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#31973">I&ordf; q. 84 a. 4 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	73 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#31974">I&ordf; q. 84 a. 4 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	74 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#31975">I&ordf; q. 84 a. 4 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	75 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#31976">I&ordf; q. 84 a. 4 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	76 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#31977">I&ordf; q. 84 a. 4 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	77 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#31978">I&ordf; q. 84 a. 4 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	78 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#31979">I&ordf; q. 84 a. 4 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	79 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#31980">I&ordf; q. 84 a. 4 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	80 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#31981">I&ordf; q. 84 a. 5 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	81 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#31982">I&ordf; q. 84 a. 5 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	82 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#31983">I&ordf; q. 84 a. 5 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	83 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#31984">I&ordf; q. 84 a. 5 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	84 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#31985">I&ordf; q. 84 a. 5 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	85 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#31986">I&ordf; q. 84 a. 5 ad');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	86 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#31987">I&ordf; q. 84 a. 6 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	87 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#31988">I&ordf; q. 84 a. 6 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	88 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#31989">I&ordf; q. 84 a. 6 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	89 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#31990">I&ordf; q. 84 a. 6 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	90 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#31991">I&ordf; q. 84 a. 6 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	91 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#31992">I&ordf; q. 84 a. 6 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	92 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#31993">I&ordf; q. 84 a. 6 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	93 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#31994">I&ordf; q. 84 a. 6 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	94 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#31995">I&ordf; q. 84 a. 7 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	95 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#31996">I&ordf; q. 84 a. 7 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	96 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#31997">I&ordf; q. 84 a. 7 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	97 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#31998">I&ordf; q. 84 a. 7 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	98 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#31999">I&ordf; q. 84 a. 7 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	99 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#32000">I&ordf; q. 84 a. 7 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	100 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#32001">I&ordf; q. 84 a. 7 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	101 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#32002">I&ordf; q. 84 a. 7 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	102 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#32003">I&ordf; q. 84 a. 8 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	103 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#32004">I&ordf; q. 84 a. 8 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	104 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#32005">I&ordf; q. 84 a. 8 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	105 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#32006">I&ordf; q. 84 a. 8 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	106 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#32007">I&ordf; q. 84 a. 8 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	107 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#32008">I&ordf; q. 84 a. 8 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	108 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#32009">I&ordf; q. 85 pr.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	109 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#32010">I&ordf; q. 85 a. 1 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	110 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#32011">I&ordf; q. 85 a. 1 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	111 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#32012">I&ordf; q. 85 a. 1 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	112 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#32013">I&ordf; q. 85 a. 1 arg. 4');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	113 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#32014">I&ordf; q. 85 a. 1 arg. 5');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	114 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#32015">I&ordf; q. 85 a. 1 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	115 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#32016">I&ordf; q. 85 a. 1 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	116 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#32017">I&ordf; q. 85 a. 1 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	117 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#32018">I&ordf; q. 85 a. 1 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	118 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#32019">I&ordf; q. 85 a. 1 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	119 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#32020">I&ordf; q. 85 a. 1 ad 4');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	120 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#32021">I&ordf; q. 85 a. 1 ad 5');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	121 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#32022">I&ordf; q. 85 a. 2 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	122 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#32023">I&ordf; q. 85 a. 2 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	123 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#32024">I&ordf; q. 85 a. 2 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	124 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#32025">I&ordf; q. 85 a. 2 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	125 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#32026">I&ordf; q. 85 a. 2 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	126 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#32027">I&ordf; q. 85 a. 2 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	127 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#32028">I&ordf; q. 85 a. 2 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	128 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#32029">I&ordf; q. 85 a. 2 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	129 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#32030">I&ordf; q. 85 a. 3 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	130 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#32031">I&ordf; q. 85 a. 3 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	131 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#32032">I&ordf; q. 85 a. 3 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	132 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#32033">I&ordf; q. 85 a. 3 arg. 4');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	133 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#32034">I&ordf; q. 85 a. 3 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	134 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#32035">I&ordf; q. 85 a. 3 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	135 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#32036">I&ordf; q. 85 a. 3 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	136 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#32037">I&ordf; q. 85 a. 3 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	137 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#32038">I&ordf; q. 85 a. 3 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	138 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#32039">I&ordf; q. 85 a. 3 ad 4');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	139 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#32040">I&ordf; q. 85 a. 4 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	140 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#32041">I&ordf; q. 85 a. 4 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	141 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#32042">I&ordf; q. 85 a. 4 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	142 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#32043">I&ordf; q. 85 a. 4 arg. 4');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	143 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#32044">I&ordf; q. 85 a. 4 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	144 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#32045">I&ordf; q. 85 a. 4 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	145 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#32046">I&ordf; q. 85 a. 4 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	146 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#32047">I&ordf; q. 85 a. 4 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	147 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#32048">I&ordf; q. 85 a. 4 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	148 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#32049">I&ordf; q. 85 a. 4 ad 4');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	149 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#32050">I&ordf; q. 85 a. 5 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	150 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#32051">I&ordf; q. 85 a. 5 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	151 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#32052">I&ordf; q. 85 a. 5 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	152 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#32053">I&ordf; q. 85 a. 5 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	153 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#32054">I&ordf; q. 85 a. 5 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	154 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#32055">I&ordf; q. 85 a. 5 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	155 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#32056">I&ordf; q. 85 a. 5 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	156 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#32057">I&ordf; q. 85 a. 5 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	157 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#32058">I&ordf; q. 85 a. 6 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	158 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#32059">I&ordf; q. 85 a. 6 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	159 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#32060">I&ordf; q. 85 a. 6 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	160 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#32061">I&ordf; q. 85 a. 6 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	161 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#32062">I&ordf; q. 85 a. 6 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	162 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#32063">I&ordf; q. 85 a. 6 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	163 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#32064">I&ordf; q. 85 a. 6 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	164 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#32065">I&ordf; q. 85 a. 6 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	165 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#32066">I&ordf; q. 85 a. 7 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	166 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#32067">I&ordf; q. 85 a. 7 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	167 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#32068">I&ordf; q. 85 a. 7 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	168 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#32069">I&ordf; q. 85 a. 7 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	169 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#32070">I&ordf; q. 85 a. 7 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	170 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#32071">I&ordf; q. 85 a. 7 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	171 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#32072">I&ordf; q. 85 a. 7 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	172 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#32073">I&ordf; q. 85 a. 7 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	173 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#32074">I&ordf; q. 85 a. 8 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	174 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#32075">I&ordf; q. 85 a. 8 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	175 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#32076">I&ordf; q. 85 a. 8 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	176 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#32077">I&ordf; q. 85 a. 8 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	177 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#32078">I&ordf; q. 85 a. 8 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	178 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#32079">I&ordf; q. 85 a. 8 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	179 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#32080">I&ordf; q. 85 a. 8 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	180 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#32081">I&ordf; q. 85 a. 8 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	181 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#32082">I&ordf; q. 86 pr.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	182 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#32083">I&ordf; q. 86 a. 1 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	183 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#32084">I&ordf; q. 86 a. 1 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	184 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#32085">I&ordf; q. 86 a. 1 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	185 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#32086">I&ordf; q. 86 a. 1 arg. 4');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	186 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#32087">I&ordf; q. 86 a. 1 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	187 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#32088">I&ordf; q. 86 a. 1 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	188 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#32089">I&ordf; q. 86 a. 1 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	189 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#32090">I&ordf; q. 86 a. 1 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	190 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#32091">I&ordf; q. 86 a. 1 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	191 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#32092">I&ordf; q. 86 a. 1 ad 4');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	192 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#32093">I&ordf; q. 86 a. 2 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	193 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#32094">I&ordf; q. 86 a. 2 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	194 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#32095">I&ordf; q. 86 a. 2 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	195 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#32096">I&ordf; q. 86 a. 2 arg. 4');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	196 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#32097">I&ordf; q. 86 a. 2 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	197 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#32098">I&ordf; q. 86 a. 2 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	198 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#32099">I&ordf; q. 86 a. 2 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	199 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#32100">I&ordf; q. 86 a. 2 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	200 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#32101">I&ordf; q. 86 a. 2 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	201 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#32102">I&ordf; q. 86 a. 2 ad 4');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	202 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#32103">I&ordf; q. 86 a. 3 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	203 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#32104">I&ordf; q. 86 a. 3 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	204 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#32105">I&ordf; q. 86 a. 3 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	205 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#32106">I&ordf; q. 86 a. 3 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	206 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#32107">I&ordf; q. 86 a. 3 ad');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	207 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#32108">I&ordf; q. 86 a. 4 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	208 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#32109">I&ordf; q. 86 a. 4 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	209 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#32110">I&ordf; q. 86 a. 4 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	210 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#32111">I&ordf; q. 86 a. 4 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	211 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#32112">I&ordf; q. 86 a. 4 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	212 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#32113">I&ordf; q. 86 a. 4 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	213 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#32114">I&ordf; q. 86 a. 4 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	214 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#32115">I&ordf; q. 86 a. 4 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	215 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#32116">I&ordf; q. 87 pr.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	216 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#32117">I&ordf; q. 87 a. 1 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	217 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#32118">I&ordf; q. 87 a. 1 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	218 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#32119">I&ordf; q. 87 a. 1 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	219 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#32120">I&ordf; q. 87 a. 1 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	220 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#32121">I&ordf; q. 87 a. 1 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	221 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#32122">I&ordf; q. 87 a. 1 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	222 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#32123">I&ordf; q. 87 a. 1 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	223 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#32124">I&ordf; q. 87 a. 1 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	224 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#32125">I&ordf; q. 87 a. 2 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	225 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#32126">I&ordf; q. 87 a. 2 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	226 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#32127">I&ordf; q. 87 a. 2 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	227 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#32128">I&ordf; q. 87 a. 2 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	228 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#32129">I&ordf; q. 87 a. 2 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	229 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#32130">I&ordf; q. 87 a. 2 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	230 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#32131">I&ordf; q. 87 a. 2 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	231 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#32132">I&ordf; q. 87 a. 2 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	232 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#32133">I&ordf; q. 87 a. 3 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	233 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#32134">I&ordf; q. 87 a. 3 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	234 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#32135">I&ordf; q. 87 a. 3 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	235 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#32136">I&ordf; q. 87 a. 3 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	236 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#32137">I&ordf; q. 87 a. 3 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	237 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#32138">I&ordf; q. 87 a. 3 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	238 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#32139">I&ordf; q. 87 a. 3 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	239 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#32140">I&ordf; q. 87 a. 3 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	240 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#32141">I&ordf; q. 87 a. 4 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	241 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#32142">I&ordf; q. 87 a. 4 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	242 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#32143">I&ordf; q. 87 a. 4 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	243 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#32144">I&ordf; q. 87 a. 4 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	244 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#32145">I&ordf; q. 87 a. 4 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	245 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#32146">I&ordf; q. 87 a. 4 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	246 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#32147">I&ordf; q. 87 a. 4 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	247 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#32148">I&ordf; q. 87 a. 4 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	248 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#32149">I&ordf; q. 88 pr.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	249 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#32150">I&ordf; q. 88 a. 1 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	250 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#32151">I&ordf; q. 88 a. 1 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	251 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#32152">I&ordf; q. 88 a. 1 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	252 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#32153">I&ordf; q. 88 a. 1 arg. 4');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	253 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#32154">I&ordf; q. 88 a. 1 arg. 5');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	254 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#32155">I&ordf; q. 88 a. 1 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	255 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#32156">I&ordf; q. 88 a. 1 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	256 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#32157">I&ordf; q. 88 a. 1 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	257 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#32158">I&ordf; q. 88 a. 1 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	258 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#32159">I&ordf; q. 88 a. 1 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	259 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#32160">I&ordf; q. 88 a. 1 ad 4');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	260 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#32161">I&ordf; q. 88 a. 1 ad 5');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	261 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#32162">I&ordf; q. 88 a. 2 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	262 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#32163">I&ordf; q. 88 a. 2 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	263 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#32164">I&ordf; q. 88 a. 2 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	264 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#32165">I&ordf; q. 88 a. 2 arg. 4');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	265 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#32166">I&ordf; q. 88 a. 2 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	266 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#32167">I&ordf; q. 88 a. 2 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	267 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#32168">I&ordf; q. 88 a. 2 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	268 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#32169">I&ordf; q. 88 a. 2 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	269 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#32170">I&ordf; q. 88 a. 2 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	270 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#32171">I&ordf; q. 88 a. 2 ad 4');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	271 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#32172">I&ordf; q. 88 a. 3 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	272 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#32173">I&ordf; q. 88 a. 3 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	273 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#32174">I&ordf; q. 88 a. 3 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	274 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#32175">I&ordf; q. 88 a. 3 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	275 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#32176">I&ordf; q. 88 a. 3 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	276 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#32177">I&ordf; q. 88 a. 3 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	277 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#32178">I&ordf; q. 88 a. 3 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	278 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#32179">I&ordf; q. 88 a. 3 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	279 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#32180">I&ordf; q. 89 pr.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	280 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#32181">I&ordf; q. 89 a. 1 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	281 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#32182">I&ordf; q. 89 a. 1 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	282 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#32183">I&ordf; q. 89 a. 1 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	283 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#32184">I&ordf; q. 89 a. 1 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	284 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#32185">I&ordf; q. 89 a. 1 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	285 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#32186">I&ordf; q. 89 a. 1 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	286 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#32187">I&ordf; q. 89 a. 1 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	287 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#32188">I&ordf; q. 89 a. 1 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	288 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#32189">I&ordf; q. 89 a. 2 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	289 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#32190">I&ordf; q. 89 a. 2 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	290 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#32191">I&ordf; q. 89 a. 2 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	291 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#32192">I&ordf; q. 89 a. 2 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	292 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#32193">I&ordf; q. 89 a. 2 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	293 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#32194">I&ordf; q. 89 a. 2 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	294 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#32195">I&ordf; q. 89 a. 2 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	295 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#32196">I&ordf; q. 89 a. 2 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	296 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#32197">I&ordf; q. 89 a. 3 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	297 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#32198">I&ordf; q. 89 a. 3 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	298 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#32199">I&ordf; q. 89 a. 3 s. c. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	299 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#32200">I&ordf; q. 89 a. 3 s. c. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	300 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#32201">I&ordf; q. 89 a. 3 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	301 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#32202">I&ordf; q. 89 a. 3 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	302 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#32203">I&ordf; q. 89 a. 3 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	303 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#32204">I&ordf; q. 89 a. 3 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	304 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#32205">I&ordf; q. 89 a. 3 ad 4');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	305 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#32206">I&ordf; q. 89 a. 4 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	306 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#32207">I&ordf; q. 89 a. 4 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	307 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#32208">I&ordf; q. 89 a. 4 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	308 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#32209">I&ordf; q. 89 a. 4 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	309 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#32210">I&ordf; q. 89 a. 4 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	310 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#32211">I&ordf; q. 89 a. 4 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	311 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#32212">I&ordf; q. 89 a. 4 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	312 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#32213">I&ordf; q. 89 a. 4 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	313 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#32214">I&ordf; q. 89 a. 5 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	314 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#32215">I&ordf; q. 89 a. 5 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	315 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#32216">I&ordf; q. 89 a. 5 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	316 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#32217">I&ordf; q. 89 a. 5 arg. 4');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	317 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#32218">I&ordf; q. 89 a. 5 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	318 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#32219">I&ordf; q. 89 a. 5 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	319 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#32220">I&ordf; q. 89 a. 5 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	320 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#32221">I&ordf; q. 89 a. 5 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	321 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#32222">I&ordf; q. 89 a. 5 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	322 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#32223">I&ordf; q. 89 a. 5 ad 4');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	323 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#32224">I&ordf; q. 89 a. 6 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	324 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#32225">I&ordf; q. 89 a. 6 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	325 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#32226">I&ordf; q. 89 a. 6 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	326 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#32227">I&ordf; q. 89 a. 6 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	327 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#32228">I&ordf; q. 89 a. 6 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	328 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#32229">I&ordf; q. 89 a. 6 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	329 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#32230">I&ordf; q. 89 a. 6 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	330 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#32231">I&ordf; q. 89 a. 6 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	331 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#32232">I&ordf; q. 89 a. 7 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	332 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#32233">I&ordf; q. 89 a. 7 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	333 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#32234">I&ordf; q. 89 a. 7 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	334 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#32235">I&ordf; q. 89 a. 7 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	335 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#32236">I&ordf; q. 89 a. 7 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	336 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#32237">I&ordf; q. 89 a. 7 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	337 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#32238">I&ordf; q. 89 a. 7 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	338 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#32239">I&ordf; q. 89 a. 7 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	339 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#32240">I&ordf; q. 89 a. 8 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	340 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#32241">I&ordf; q. 89 a. 8 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	341 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#32242">I&ordf; q. 89 a. 8 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	342 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#32243">I&ordf; q. 89 a. 8 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	343 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#32244">I&ordf; q. 89 a. 8 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	344 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#32245">I&ordf; q. 89 a. 8 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	345 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#32246">I&ordf; q. 89 a. 8 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	346 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#32247">I&ordf; q. 89 a. 8 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	347 document.write('<\/SELECT>');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	348 document.write('<BR><BR>');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	349 document.write('<INPUT TYPE="button" VALUE="Agedum" ONCLICK="go()">');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	350 document.write('<\/FORM>');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	351 // -->
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	352 //
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	353 </script><br/>
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	354 <hr/>
59 03759e5c1080 fix multi-para s.c. ht parents: 53 diff changeset	355 <br/></div><div id="q84" class="q"><h2>Quaestio 84</h2><div class="p"><h3>Prooemium</h3><p title="I q. 84 pr."><a name="31948"><span class="ref">[31948]
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	356 Iª q. 84 pr.</span></a> Consequenter considerandum est de
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	357 actibus animae, quantum ad potentias intellectivas et appetitivas,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	358 aliae enim animae potentiae non pertinent directe ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	359 considerationem theologi. Actus autem appetitivae partis ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	360 considerationem moralis scientiae pertinent, et ideo in secunda
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	361 parte huius operis de eis tractabitur, in qua considerandum erit de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	362 morali materia. Nunc autem de actibus intellectivae partis agetur.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	363 In consideratione vero actuum, hoc modo procedemus, primo namque
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	364 considerandum est quomodo intelligit anima corpori coniuncta;
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	365 secundo, quomodo intelligit a corpore separata. Prima autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	366 consideratio erit tripartita, primo namque considerabitur quomodo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	367 anima intelligit corporalia, quae sunt infra ipsam; secundo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	368 quomodo intelligit seipsam, et ea quae in ipsa sunt; tertio,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	369 quomodo intelligit substantias immateriales, quae sunt supra ipsam.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	370 Circa cognitionem vero corporalium, tria consideranda occurrunt,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	371 primo quidem per quid ea cognoscit; secundo, quomodo et quo ordine;
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	372 tertio, quid in eis cognoscit. Circa primum quaeruntur octo. Primo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	373 utrum anima cognoscat corpora per intellectum. Secundo, utrum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	374 intelligat ea per essentiam suam, vel per aliquas species. Tertio,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	375 si per aliquas species, utrum species omnium intelligibilium sint
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	376 ei naturaliter innatae. Quarto, utrum effluant in ipsam ab
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	377 aliquibus formis immaterialibus separatis. Quinto, utrum anima
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	378 nostra omnia quae intelligit, videat in rationibus aeternis. Sexto,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	379 utrum cognitionem intelligibilem acquirat a sensu. Septimo, utrum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	380 intellectus possit actu intelligere per species intelligibiles quas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	381 penes se habet, non convertendo se ad phantasmata. Octavo, utrum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	382 iudicium intellectus impediatur per impedimentum sensitivarum
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	383 virtutum.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 1</h3><p title="I q. 84 a. 1 arg. 1"><a name="31949"><span class="ref">[31949] Iª q. 84 a. 1 arg. 1</span></a> Ad primum sic
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	384 proceditur. Videtur quod anima non cognoscat corpora per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	385 intellectum. Dicit enim Augustinus, in II Soliloq. quod <i>corpora
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	386 intellectu comprehendi non possunt; nec aliquod corporeum nisi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	387 sensibus videri potest</i>. Dicit etiam, XII super Gen. ad Litt.,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	388 quod visio intellectualis est eorum quae sunt per essentiam suam in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	389 anima. Huiusmodi autem non sunt corpora. Ergo anima per intellectum
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	390 corpora cognoscere non potest.</p><p title="I q. 84 a. 1 arg. 2"><a name="31950"><span class="ref">[31950] Iª q. 84 a. 1 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea, sicut
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	391 se habet sensus ad intelligibilia, ita se habet intellectus ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	392 sensibilia. Sed anima per sensum nullo modo potest cognoscere
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	393 spiritualia, quae sunt intelligibilia. Ergo nullo modo per
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	394 intellectum potest cognoscere corpora, quae sunt sensibilia.</p><p title="I q. 84 a. 1 arg. 3"><a name="31951"><span class="ref">[31951] Iª q. 84 a. 1 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	395 intellectus est necessariorum et semper eodem modo se habentium.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	396 Sed corpora omnia sunt mobilia, et non eodem modo se habentia.
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	397 Anima ergo per intellectum corpora cognoscere non potest.</p><p title="I q. 84 a. 1 s. c."><a name="31952"><span class="ref">[31952] Iª q. 84 a. 1 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	398 quod scientia est in intellectu. Si ergo intellectus non cognoscit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	399 corpora, sequitur quod nulla scientia sit de corporibus. Et sic
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	400 peribit scientia naturalis, quae est de corpore mobili.</p><p title="I q. 84 a. 1 co."><a name="31953"><span class="ref">[31953] Iª q. 84 a. 1 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	401 ad evidentiam huius quaestionis, quod primi philosophi qui de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	402 naturis rerum inquisiverunt, putaverunt nihil esse in mundo praeter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	403 corpus. Et quia videbant omnia corpora mobilia esse, et putabant ea
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	404 in continuo fluxu esse, aestimaverunt quod nulla certitudo de rerum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	405 veritate haberi posset a nobis. Quod enim est in continuo fluxu,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	406 per certitudinem apprehendi non potest, quia prius labitur quam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	407 mente diiudicetur, sicut Heraclitus dixit quod <i>non est possibile
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	408 aquam fluvii currentis bis tangere</i>, ut recitat philosophus in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	409 IV Metaphys. His autem superveniens Plato, ut posset salvare certam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	410 cognitionem veritatis a nobis per intellectum haberi, posuit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	411 praeter ista corporalia aliud genus entium a materia et motu
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	412 separatum, quod nominabat species sive ideas, per quarum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	413 participationem unumquodque istorum singularium et sensibilium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	414 dicitur vel homo vel equus vel aliquid huiusmodi. Sic ergo dicebat
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	415 scientias et definitiones et quidquid ad actum intellectus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	416 pertinet, non referri ad ista corpora sensibilia, sed ad illa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	417 immaterialia et separata; ut sic anima non intelligat ista
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	418 corporalia, sed intelligat horum corporalium species separatas. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	419 hoc dupliciter apparet falsum. Primo quidem quia, cum illae species
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	420 sint immateriales et immobiles, excluderetur a scientiis cognitio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	421 motus et materiae (quod est proprium scientiae naturalis) et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	422 demonstratio per causas moventes et materiales. Secundo autem, quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	423 derisibile videtur ut, dum rerum quae nobis manifestae sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	424 notitiam quaerimus, alia entia in medium afferamus, quae non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	425 possunt esse earum substantiae, cum ab eis differant secundum esse,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	426 et sic, illis substantiis separatis cognitis, non propter hoc de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	427 istis sensibilibus iudicare possemus. Videtur autem in hoc Plato
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	428 deviasse a veritate, quia, cum aestimaret omnem cognitionem per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	429 modum alicuius similitudinis esse, credidit quod forma cogniti ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	430 necessitate sit in cognoscente eo modo quo est in cognito.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	431 Consideravit autem quod forma rei intellectae est in intellectu
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	432 universaliter et immaterialiter et immobiliter, quod ex ipsa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	433 operatione intellectus apparet, qui intelligit universaliter et per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	434 modum necessitatis cuiusdam; modus enim actionis est secundum modum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	435 formae agentis. Et ideo existimavit quod oporteret res intellectas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	436 hoc modo in seipsis subsistere, scilicet immaterialiter et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	437 immobiliter. Hoc autem necessarium non est. Quia etiam in ipsis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	438 sensibilibus videmus quod forma alio modo est in uno sensibilium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	439 quam in altero, puta cum in uno est albedo intensior, in alio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	440 remissior, et in uno est albedo cum dulcedine, in alio sine
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	441 dulcedine. Et per hunc etiam modum forma sensibilis alio modo est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	442 in re quae est extra animam, et alio modo in sensu, qui suscipit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	443 formas sensibilium absque materia, sicut colorem auri sine auro. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	444 similiter intellectus species, corporum, quae sunt materiales et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	445 mobiles, recipit immaterialiter et immobiliter, secundum modum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	446 suum, nam receptum est in recipiente per modum recipientis.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	447 Dicendum est ergo quod anima per intellectum cognoscit corpora
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	448 cognitione immateriali, universali et necessaria.</p><p title="I q. 84 a. 1 ad 1"><a name="31954"><span class="ref">[31954] Iª q. 84 a. 1 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	449 dicendum quod verbum Augustini est intelligendum quantum ad ea
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	450 quibus intellectus cognoscit, non autem quantum ad ea quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	451 cognoscit. Cognoscit enim corpora intelligendo, sed non per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	452 corpora, neque per similitudines materiales et corporeas; sed per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	453 species immateriales et intelligibiles, quae per sui essentiam in
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	454 anima esse possunt.</p><p title="I q. 84 a. 1 ad 2"><a name="31955"><span class="ref">[31955] Iª q. 84 a. 1 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	455 dicendum quod, sicut Augustinus dicit XXII de Civit. Dei, non est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	456 dicendum quod, sicut sensus cognoscit sola corporalia, ita
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	457 intellectus cognoscit sola spiritualia, quia sequeretur quod Deus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	458 et Angeli corporalia non cognoscerent. Huius autem diversitatis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	459 ratio est, quia inferior virtus non se extendit ad ea quae sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	460 superioris virtutis; sed virtus superior ea quae sunt inferioris
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	461 virtutis, excellentiori modo operatur.</p><p title="I q. 84 a. 1 ad 3"><a name="31956"><span class="ref">[31956] Iª q. 84 a. 1 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	462 dicendum quod omnis motus supponit aliquid immobile, cum enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	463 transmutatio fit secundum qualitatem, remanet substantia immobilis;
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	464 et cum transmutatur forma substantialis, remanet materia immobilis.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	465 Rerum etiam mutabilium sunt immobiles habitudines, sicut Socrates
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	466 etsi non semper sedeat, tamen immobiliter est verum quod,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	467 quandocumque sedet, in uno loco manet. Et propter hoc nihil
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	468 prohibet de rebus mobilibus immobilem scientiam habere.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 2</h3><p title="I q. 84 a. 2 arg. 1"><a name="31957"><span class="ref">[31957] Iª q. 84 a. 2 arg. 1</span></a> Ad secundum sic
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	469 proceditur. Videtur quod anima per essentiam suam corporalia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	470 intelligat. Dicit enim Augustinus, X de Trin., quod <i>anima
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	471 imagines corporum convolvit et rapit factas in semetipsa de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	472 semetipsa, dat enim eis formandis quiddam substantiae suae</i>. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	473 per similitudines corporum corpora intelligit. Ergo per essentiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	474 suam, quam dat formandis talibus similitudinibus, et de qua eas
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	475 format, cognoscit corporalia.</p><p title="I q. 84 a. 2 arg. 2"><a name="31958"><span class="ref">[31958] Iª q. 84 a. 2 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	476 philosophus dicit, in III de anima, quod <i>anima quodammodo est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	477 omnia</i>. Cum ergo simile simili cognoscatur, videtur quod anima
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	478 per seipsam corporalia cognoscat.</p><p title="I q. 84 a. 2 arg. 3"><a name="31959"><span class="ref">[31959] Iª q. 84 a. 2 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea, anima
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	479 est superior corporalibus creaturis. Inferiora autem sunt in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	480 superioribus eminentiori modo quam in seipsis, ut Dionysius dicit.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	481 Ergo omnes creaturae corporeae nobiliori modo existunt in ipsa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	482 substantia animae quam in seipsis. Per suam ergo substantiam potest
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	483 creaturas corporeas cognoscere.</p><p title="I q. 84 a. 2 s. c."><a name="31960"><span class="ref">[31960] Iª q. 84 a. 2 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	484 quod Augustinus dicit, IX de Trin., quod <i>mens corporearum rerum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	485 notitias per sensus corporis colligit</i>. Ipsa autem anima non est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	486 cognoscibilis per corporis sensus. Non ergo cognoscit corporea per
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	487 suam substantiam.</p><p title="I q. 84 a. 2 co."><a name="31961"><span class="ref">[31961] Iª q. 84 a. 2 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	488 quod antiqui philosophi posuerunt quod anima per suam essentiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	489 cognoscit corpora. Hoc enim animis omnium communiter inditum fuit,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	490 quod simile simili cognoscitur. Existimabant autem quod forma
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	491 cogniti sit in cognoscente eo modo quo est in re cognita. E
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	492 contrario tamen Platonici posuerunt. Plato enim, quia perspexit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	493 intellectualem animam immaterialem esse et immaterialiter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	494 cognoscere, posuit formas rerum cognitarum immaterialiter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	495 subsistere. Priores vero naturales, quia considerabant res cognitas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	496 esse corporeas et materiales, posuerunt oportere res cognitas etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	497 in anima cognoscente materialiter esse. Et ideo, ut animae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	498 attribuerent omnium cognitionem, posuerunt eam habere naturam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	499 communem cum omnibus. Et quia natura principiatorum ex principiis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	500 constituitur, attribuerunt animae naturam principii, ita quod qui
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	501 dixit principium omnium esse ignem, posuit animam esse de natura
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	502 ignis; et similiter de aere et aqua. Empedocles autem, qui posuit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	503 quatuor elementa materialia et duo moventia, ex his etiam dixit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	504 animam esse constitutam. Et ita, cum res materialiter in anima
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	505 ponerent, posuerunt omnem cognitionem animae materialem esse, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	506 discernentes inter intellectum et sensum. Sed haec opinio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	507 improbatur. Primo quidem, quia in materiali principio, de quo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	508 loquebantur, non existunt principiata nisi in potentia. Non autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	509 cognoscitur aliquid secundum quod est in potentia, sed solum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	510 secundum quod est actu, ut patet in IX Metaphys., unde nec ipsa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	511 potentia cognoscitur nisi per actum. Sic igitur non sufficeret
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	512 attribuere animae principiorum naturam ad hoc quod omnia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	513 cognosceret, nisi inessent ei naturae et formae singulorum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	514 effectuum, puta ossis et carnis et aliorum huiusmodi; ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	515 Aristoteles contra Empedoclem argumentatur in I de anima. Secundo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	516 quia, si oporteret rem cognitam materialiter in cognoscente
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	517 existere, nulla ratio esset quare res quae materialiter extra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	518 animam subsistunt, cognitione carerent, puta, si anima igne
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	519 cognoscit ignem, et ignis etiam qui est extra animam, ignem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	520 cognosceret. Relinquitur ergo quod oportet materialia cognita in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	521 cognoscente existere non materialiter, sed magis immaterialiter. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	522 huius ratio est, quia actus cognitionis se extendit ad ea quae sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	523 extra cognoscentem, cognoscimus enim etiam ea quae extra nos sunt.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	524 Per materiam autem determinatur forma rei ad aliquid unum. Unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	525 manifestum est quod ratio cognitionis ex opposito se habet ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	526 rationem materialitatis. Et ideo quae non recipiunt formas nisi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	527 materialiter, nullo modo sunt cognoscitiva, sicut plantae; ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	528 dicitur in II libro de anima. Quanto autem aliquid immaterialius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	529 habet formam rei cognitae, tanto perfectius cognoscit. Unde et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	530 intellectus, qui abstrahit speciem non solum a materia, sed etiam a
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	531 materialibus conditionibus individuantibus, perfectius cognoscit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	532 quam sensus, qui accipit formam rei cognitae sine materia quidem,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	533 sed cum materialibus conditionibus. Et inter ipsos sensus, visus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	534 est magis cognoscitivus, quia est minus materialis, ut supra dictum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	535 est. Et inter ipsos intellectus, tanto quilibet est perfectior,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	536 quanto immaterialior. Ex his ergo patet quod, si aliquis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	537 intellectus est qui per essentiam suam cognoscit omnia, oportet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	538 quod essentia eius habeat in se immaterialiter omnia; sicut antiqui
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	539 posuerunt essentiam animae actu componi ex principiis omnium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	540 materialium, ut cognosceret omnia. Hoc autem est proprium Dei, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	541 sua essentia sit immaterialiter comprehensiva omnium, prout
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	542 effectus virtute praeexistunt in causa. Solus igitur Deus per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	543 essentiam suam omnia intelligit; non autem anima humana, neque
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	544 etiam Angelus.</p><p title="I q. 84 a. 2 ad 1"><a name="31962"><span class="ref">[31962] Iª q. 84 a. 2 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	545 dicendum quod Augustinus ibi loquitur de visione imaginaria, quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	546 fit per imagines corporum. Quibus imaginibus formandis dat anima
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	547 aliquid suae substantiae, sicut subiectum datur ut informetur per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	548 aliquam formam. Et sic de seipsa facit huiusmodi imagines, non quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	549 anima vel aliquid animae convertatur, ut sit haec vel illa imago;
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	550 sed sicut dicitur de corpore fieri aliquid coloratum, prout
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	551 informatur colore. Et hic sensus apparet ex his quae sequuntur.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	552 Dicit enim quod servat aliquid, scilicet non formatum tali imagine,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	553 quod libere de specie talium imaginum iudicet, et hoc dicit esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	554 mentem vel intellectum. Partem autem quae informatur huiusmodi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	555 imaginibus scilicet imaginativam, dicit esse communem nobis et
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	556 bestiis.</p><p title="I q. 84 a. 2 ad 2"><a name="31963"><span class="ref">[31963] Iª q. 84 a. 2 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	557 dicendum quod Aristoteles non posuit animam esse actu compositam ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	558 omnibus, sicut antiqui naturales; sed dixit quodammodo animam esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	559 omnia, inquantum est in potentia ad omnia; per sensum quidem ad
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	560 sensibilia, per intellectum vero ad intelligibilia.</p><p title="I q. 84 a. 2 ad 3"><a name="31964"><span class="ref">[31964] Iª q. 84 a. 2 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	561 dicendum quod quaelibet creatura habet esse finitum et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	562 determinatum. Unde essentia superioris creaturae, etsi habeat
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	563 quandam similitudinem inferioris creaturae prout communicant in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	564 aliquo genere, non tamen complete habet similitudinem illius, quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	565 determinatur ad aliquam speciem, praeter quam est species
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	566 inferioris creaturae. Sed essentia Dei est perfecta similitudo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	567 omnium quantum ad omnia quae in rebus inveniuntur, sicut universale
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	568 principium omnium.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 3</h3><p title="I q. 84 a. 3 arg. 1"><a name="31965"><span class="ref">[31965] Iª q. 84 a. 3 arg. 1</span></a> Ad tertium sic
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	569 proceditur. Videtur quod anima intelligat omnia per species sibi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	570 naturaliter inditas. Dicit enim Gregorius, in homilia ascensionis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	571 quod <i>homo habet commune cum Angelis intelligere</i>. Sed Angeli
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	572 intelligunt omnia per formas naturaliter inditas, unde in libro de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	573 causis dicitur quod <i>omnis intelligentia est plena formis</i>.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	574 Ergo et anima habet species rerum naturaliter inditas, quibus
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	575 corporalia intelligit.</p><p title="I q. 84 a. 3 arg. 2"><a name="31966"><span class="ref">[31966] Iª q. 84 a. 3 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea, anima
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	576 intellectiva est nobilior quam materia prima corporalis. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	577 materia prima est creata a Deo sub formis ad quas est in potentia.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	578 Ergo multo magis anima intellectiva est creata a Deo sub speciebus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	579 intelligibilibus. Et sic anima intelligit corporalia per species
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	580 sibi naturaliter inditas.</p><p title="I q. 84 a. 3 arg. 3"><a name="31967"><span class="ref">[31967] Iª q. 84 a. 3 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	581 nullus potest verum respondere nisi de eo quod scit. Sed aliquis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	582 etiam idiota, non habens scientiam acquisitam, respondet verum de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	583 singulis, si tamen ordinate interrogetur, ut narratur in Menone
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	584 Platonis de quodam. Ergo antequam aliquis acquirat scientiam, habet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	585 rerum cognitionem. Quod non esset nisi anima haberet species
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	586 naturaliter inditas. Intelligit igitur anima res corporeas per
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	587 species naturaliter inditas.</p><p title="I q. 84 a. 3 s. c."><a name="31968"><span class="ref">[31968] Iª q. 84 a. 3 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	588 quod philosophus dicit, in III de anima, de intellectu loquens,
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	589 quod est sicut tabula in qua nihil est scriptum.</p><p title="I q. 84 a. 3 co."><a name="31969"><span class="ref">[31969] Iª q. 84 a. 3 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	590 quod, cum forma sit principium actionis, oportet ut eo modo se
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	591 habeat aliquid ad formam quae est actionis principium, quo se habet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	592 ad actionem illam, sicut si moveri sursum est ex levitate, oportet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	593 quod in potentia tantum sursum fertur, esse leve solum in potentia,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	594 quod autem actu sursum fertur, esse leve in actu. Videmus autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	595 quod homo est quandoque cognoscens in potentia tantum, tam secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	596 sensum quam secundum intellectum. Et de tali potentia in actum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	597 reducitur, ut sentiat quidem, per actiones sensibilium in sensum;
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	598 ut intelligat autem, per disciplinam aut inventionem. Unde oportet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	599 dicere quod anima cognoscitiva sit in potentia tam ad similitudines
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	600 quae sunt principia sentiendi, quam ad similitudines quae sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	601 principia intelligendi. Et propter hoc Aristoteles posuit quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	602 intellectus, quo anima intelligit, non habet aliquas species
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	603 naturaliter inditas, sed est in principio in potentia ad huiusmodi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	604 species omnes. Sed quia id quod habet actu formam, interdum non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	605 potest agere secundum formam propter aliquod impedimentum, sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	606 leve si impediatur sursum ferri; propter hoc Plato posuit quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	607 intellectus hominis naturaliter est plenus omnibus speciebus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	608 intelligibilibus, sed per unionem corporis impeditur ne possit in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	609 actum exire. Sed hoc non videtur convenienter dictum. Primo quidem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	610 quia, si habet anima naturalem notitiam omnium, non videtur esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	611 possibile quod huius naturalis notitiae tantam oblivionem capiat,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	612 quod nesciat se huiusmodi scientiam habere, nullus enim homo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	613 obliviscitur ea quae naturaliter cognoscit, sicut quod omne totum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	614 sit maius sua parte, et alia huiusmodi. Praecipue autem hoc videtur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	615 inconveniens, si ponatur esse animae naturale corpori uniri, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	616 supra habitum est, inconveniens enim est quod naturalis operatio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	617 alicuius rei totaliter impediatur per id quod est sibi secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	618 naturam. Secundo, manifeste apparet huius positionis falsitas ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	619 hoc quod, deficiente aliquo sensu, deficit scientia eorum, quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	620 apprehenduntur secundum illum sensum; sicut caecus natus nullam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	621 potest habere notitiam de coloribus. Quod non esset, si animae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	622 essent naturaliter inditae omnium intelligibilium rationes. Et ideo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	623 dicendum est quod anima non cognoscit corporalia per species
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	624 naturaliter inditas.</p><p title="I q. 84 a. 3 ad 1"><a name="31970"><span class="ref">[31970] Iª q. 84 a. 3 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	625 dicendum quod homo quidem convenit cum Angelis in intelligendo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	626 deficit tamen ab eminentia intellectus eorum, sicut et corpora
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	627 inferiora, quae tantum existunt secundum Gregorium, deficiunt ab
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	628 existentia superiorum corporum. Nam materia inferiorum corporum non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	629 est completa totaliter per formam, sed est in potentia ad formas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	630 quas non habet, materia autem caelestium corporum est totaliter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	631 completa per formam, ita quod non est in potentia ad aliam formam,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	632 ut supra habitum est. Et similiter intellectus Angeli est perfectus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	633 per species intelligibiles secundum suam naturam, intellectus autem
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	634 humanus est in potentia ad huiusmodi species.</p><p title="I q. 84 a. 3 ad 2"><a name="31971"><span class="ref">[31971] Iª q. 84 a. 3 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	635 dicendum quod materia prima habet esse substantiale per formam, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	636 ideo oportuit quod crearetur sub aliqua forma, alioquin non esset
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	637 in actu. Sub una tamen forma existens, est in potentia ad alias.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	638 Intellectus autem non habet esse substantiale per speciem
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	639 intelligibilem; et ideo non est simile.</p><p title="I q. 84 a. 3 ad 3"><a name="31972"><span class="ref">[31972] Iª q. 84 a. 3 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	640 dicendum quod ordinata interrogatio procedit ex principiis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	641 communibus per se notis, ad propria. Per talem autem processum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	642 scientia causatur in anima addiscentis. Unde cum verum respondet de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	643 his de quibus secundo interrogatur, hoc non est quia prius ea
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	644 noverit; sed quia tunc ea de novo addiscit. Nihil enim refert utrum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	645 ille qui docet, proponendo vel interrogando procedat de principiis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	646 communibus ad conclusiones, utrobique enim animus audientis
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	647 certificatur de posterioribus per priora.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 4</h3><p title="I q. 84 a. 4 arg. 1"><a name="31973"><span class="ref">[31973] Iª q. 84 a. 4 arg. 1</span></a> Ad quartum sic
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	648 proceditur. Videtur quod species intelligibiles effluant in animam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	649 ab aliquibus formis separatis. Omne enim quod per participationem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	650 est tale, causatur ab eo quod est per essentiam tale; sicut quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	651 est ignitum reducitur sicut in causam in ignem. Sed anima
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	652 intellectiva, secundum quod est actu intelligens, participat ipsa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	653 intelligibilia, intellectus enim in actu, quodammodo est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	654 intellectum in actu. Ergo ea quae secundum se et per essentiam suam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	655 sunt intellecta in actu, sunt causae animae intellectivae quod actu
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	656 intelligat. Intellecta autem in actu per essentiam suam, sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	657 formae sine materia existentes. Species igitur intelligibiles
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	658 quibus anima intelligit, causantur a formis aliquibus
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	659 separatis.</p><p title="I q. 84 a. 4 arg. 2"><a name="31974"><span class="ref">[31974] Iª q. 84 a. 4 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	660 intelligibilia se habent ad intellectum, sicut sensibilia ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	661 sensum. Sed sensibilia quae sunt in actu extra animam, sunt causae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	662 specierum sensibilium quae sunt in sensu, quibus sentimus. Ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	663 species intelligibiles quibus intellectus noster intelligit,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	664 causantur ab aliquibus actu intelligibilibus extra animam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	665 existentibus. Huiusmodi autem non sunt nisi formae a materia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	666 separatae. Formae igitur intelligibiles intellectus nostri effluunt
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	667 ab aliquibus substantiis separatis.</p><p title="I q. 84 a. 4 arg. 3"><a name="31975"><span class="ref">[31975] Iª q. 84 a. 4 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea, omne
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	668 quod est in potentia, reducitur in actum per id quod est actu. Si
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	669 ergo intellectus noster, prius in potentia existens, postmodum actu
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	670 intelligat, oportet quod hoc causetur ab aliquo intellectu qui
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	671 semper est in actu. Hic autem est intellectus separatus. Ergo ab
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	672 aliquibus substantiis separatis causantur species intelligibiles
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	673 quibus actu intelligimus.</p><p title="I q. 84 a. 4 s. c."><a name="31976"><span class="ref">[31976] Iª q. 84 a. 4 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	674 quia secundum hoc sensibus non indigeremus ad intelligendum. Quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	675 patet esse falsum ex hoc praecipue quod qui caret uno sensu, nullo
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	676 modo potest habere scientiam de sensibilibus illius sensus.</p><p title="I q. 84 a. 4 co."><a name="31977"><span class="ref">[31977] Iª q. 84 a. 4 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	677 quod quidam posuerunt species intelligibiles nostri intellectus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	678 procedere ab aliquibus formis vel substantiis separatis. Et hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	679 dupliciter. Plato enim, sicut dictum est, posuit formas rerum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	680 sensibilium per se sine materia subsistentes; sicut formam hominis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	681 quam nominabat per se hominem, et formam vel ideam equi, quam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	682 nominabat per se equum, et sic de aliis. Has ergo formas separatas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	683 ponebat participari et ab anima nostra, et a materia corporali; ab
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	684 anima quidem nostra ad cognoscendum, a materia vero corporali ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	685 essendum; ut sicut materia corporalis per hoc quod participat ideam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	686 lapidis, fit hic lapis, ita intellectus noster per hoc quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	687 participat ideam lapidis, fit intelligens lapidem. Participatio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	688 autem ideae fit per aliquam similitudinem ipsius ideae in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	689 participante ipsam, per modum quo exemplar participatur ab
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	690 exemplato. Sicut igitur ponebat formas sensibiles quae sunt in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	691 materia corporali, effluere ab ideis sicut quasdam earum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	692 similitudines; ita ponebat species intelligibiles nostri
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	693 intellectus esse similitudines quasdam idearum ab eis effluentes.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	694 Et propter hoc, ut supra dictum est, scientias et definitiones ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	695 ideas referebat. Sed quia contra rationem rerum sensibilium est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	696 quod earum formae subsistant absque materiis, ut Aristoteles
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	697 multipliciter probat; ideo Avicenna, hac positione remota, posuit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	698 omnium rerum sensibilium intelligibiles species, non quidem per se
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	699 subsistere absque materia, sed praeexistere immaterialiter in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	700 intellectibus separatis; a quorum primo derivantur huiusmodi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	701 species in sequentem, et sic de aliis usque ad ultimum intellectum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	702 separatum, quem nominat intellectum agentem; a quo, ut ipse dicit,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	703 effluunt species intelligibiles in animas nostras, et formae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	704 sensibiles in materiam corporalem. Et sic in hoc Avicenna cum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	705 Platone concordat, quod species intelligibiles nostri intellectus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	706 effluunt a quibusdam formis separatis, quas tamen Plato dicit per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	707 se subsistere, Avicenna vero ponit eas in intelligentia agente.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	708 Differunt etiam quantum ad hoc, quod Avicenna ponit species
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	709 intelligibiles non remanere in intellectu nostro postquam desinit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	710 actu intelligere; sed indiget ut iterato se convertat ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	711 recipiendum de novo. Unde non ponit scientiam animae naturaliter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	712 inditam, sicut Plato, qui ponit participationes idearum immobiliter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	713 in anima permanere. Sed secundum hanc positionem sufficiens ratio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	714 assignari non posset quare anima nostra corpori uniretur. Non enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	715 potest dici quod anima intellectiva corpori uniatur propter corpus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	716 quia nec forma est propter materiam, nec motor propter mobile, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	717 potius e converso. Maxime autem videtur corpus esse necessarium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	718 animae intellectivae ad eius propriam operationem, quae est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	719 intelligere, quia secundum esse suum a corpore non dependet. Si
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	720 autem anima species intelligibiles secundum suam naturam apta nata
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	721 esset recipere per influentiam aliquorum separatorum principiorum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	722 tantum, et non acciperet eas ex sensibus, non indigeret corpore ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	723 intelligendum, unde frustra corpori uniretur. Si autem dicatur quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	724 indiget anima nostra sensibus ad intelligendum, quibus quodammodo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	725 excitetur ad consideranda ea quorum species intelligibiles a
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	726 principiis separatis recipit; hoc non videtur sufficere. Quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	727 huiusmodi excitatio non videtur necessaria animae nisi inquantum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	728 est consopita, secundum Platonicos, quodammodo et obliviosa propter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	729 unionem ad corpus, et sic sensus non proficerent animae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	730 intellectivae nisi ad tollendum impedimentum quod animae provenit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	731 ex corporis unione. Remanet igitur quaerendum quae sit causa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	732 unionis animae ad corpus. Si autem dicatur, secundum Avicennam,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	733 quod sensus sunt animae necessarii, quia per eos excitatur ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	734 convertat se ad intelligentiam agentem, a qua recipit species; hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	735 quidem non sufficit. Quia si in natura animae est ut intelligat per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	736 species ab intelligentia agente effluxas, sequeretur quod quandoque
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	737 anima possit se convertere ad intelligentiam agentem ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	738 inclinatione suae naturae, vel etiam excitata per alium sensum, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	739 convertat se ad intelligentiam agentem ad recipiendum species
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	740 sensibilium quorum sensum aliquis non habet. Et sic caecus natus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	741 posset habere scientiam de coloribus, quod est manifeste falsum.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	742 Unde dicendum est quod species intelligibiles quibus anima nostra
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	743 intelligit, non effluunt a formis separatis.</p><p title="I q. 84 a. 4 ad 1"><a name="31978"><span class="ref">[31978] Iª q. 84 a. 4 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	744 dicendum quod species intelligibiles quas participat noster
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	745 intellectus, reducuntur sicut in primam causam in aliquod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	746 principium per suam essentiam intelligibile, scilicet in Deum. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	747 ab illo principio procedunt mediantibus formis rerum sensibilium et
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	748 materialium, a quibus scientiam colligimus, ut Dionysius dicit.</p><p title="I q. 84 a. 4 ad 2"><a name="31979"><span class="ref">[31979] Iª q. 84 a. 4 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	749 dicendum quod res materiales, secundum esse quod habent extra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	750 animam, possunt esse sensibiles actu; non autem actu
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	751 intelligibiles. Unde non est simile de sensu et intellectu.</p><p title="I q. 84 a. 4 ad 3"><a name="31980"><span class="ref">[31980] Iª q. 84 a. 4 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	752 dicendum quod intellectus noster possibilis reducitur de potentia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	753 ad actum per aliquod ens actu, idest per intellectum agentem, qui
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	754 est virtus quaedam animae nostrae, ut dictum est, non autem per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	755 aliquem intellectum separatum, sicut per causam proximam; sed forte
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	756 sicut per causam remotam.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 5</h3><p title="I q. 84 a. 5 arg. 1"><a name="31981"><span class="ref">[31981] Iª q. 84 a. 5 arg. 1</span></a> Ad quintum sic
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	757 proceditur. Videtur quod anima intellectiva non cognoscat res
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	758 materiales in rationibus aeternis. Id enim in quo aliquid
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	759 cognoscitur, ipsum magis et per prius cognoscitur. Sed anima
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	760 intellectiva hominis, in statu praesentis vitae, non cognoscit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	761 rationes aeternas, quia non cognoscit ipsum Deum, in quo rationes
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	762 aeternae existunt, sed ei sicut ignoto coniungitur, ut Dionysius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	763 dicit in I cap. mysticae theologiae. Ergo anima non cognoscit omnia
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	764 in rationibus aeternis.</p><p title="I q. 84 a. 5 arg. 2"><a name="31982"><span class="ref">[31982] Iª q. 84 a. 5 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea, Rom.
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	765 I, dicitur quod <i>invisibilia Dei per ea quae facta sunt,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	766 conspiciuntur</i>. Sed inter invisibilia Dei numerantur rationes
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	767 aeternae. Ergo rationes aeternae per creaturas materiales
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	768 cognoscuntur, et non e converso.</p><p title="I q. 84 a. 5 arg. 3"><a name="31983"><span class="ref">[31983] Iª q. 84 a. 5 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	769 rationes aeternae nihil aliud sunt quam ideae, dicit enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	770 Augustinus, in libro octoginta trium quaest., quod <i>ideae sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	771 rationes stabiles rerum in mente divina existentes</i>. Si ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	772 dicatur quod anima intellectiva cognoscit omnia in rationibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	773 aeternis, redibit opinio Platonis, qui posuit omnem scientiam ab
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	774 ideis derivari.</p><p title="I q. 84 a. 5 s. c."><a name="31984"><span class="ref">[31984] Iª q. 84 a. 5 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	775 quod dicit Augustinus, XII Confess., <i>si ambo videmus verum esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	776 quod dicis, et ambo videmus verum esse quod dico, ubi quaeso id
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	777 videmus? Nec ego utique in te, nec tu in me sed ambo in ipsa, quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	778 supra mentes nostras est, incommutabili veritate</i>. Veritas autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	779 incommutabilis in aeternis rationibus continetur. Ergo anima
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	780 intellectiva omnia vera cognoscit in rationibus aeternis.</p><p title="I q. 84 a. 5 co."><a name="31985"><span class="ref">[31985] Iª q. 84 a. 5 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	781 quod, sicut Augustinus dicit in II de Doctr. Christ., <i>philosophi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	782 qui vocantur, si qua forte vera et fidei nostrae accommoda
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	783 dixerunt, ab eis tanquam ab iniustis possessoribus in usum nostrum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	784 vindicanda sunt. Habent enim doctrinae gentilium quaedam simulata
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	785 et superstitiosa figmenta, quae unusquisque nostrum de societate
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	786 gentilium exiens, debet evitare</i>. Et ideo Augustinus, qui
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	787 doctrinis Platonicorum imbutus fuerat, si qua invenit fidei
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	788 accommoda in eorum dictis, assumpsit; quae vero invenit fidei
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	789 nostrae adversa, in melius commutavit. Posuit autem Plato, sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	790 supra dictum est, formas rerum per se subsistere a materia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	791 separatas, quas ideas vocabat, per quarum participationem dicebat
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	792 intellectum nostrum omnia cognoscere; ut sicut materia corporalis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	793 per participationem ideae lapidis fit lapis, ita intellectus noster
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	794 per participationem eiusdem ideae cognosceret lapidem. Sed quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	795 videtur esse alienum a fide quod formae rerum extra res per se
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	796 subsistant absque materia, sicut Platonici posuerunt, dicentes per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	797 se vitam aut per se sapientiam esse quasdam substantias creatrices,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	798 ut Dionysius dicit XI cap. de Div. Nom.; ideo Augustinus, in libro
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	799 octoginta trium quaest., posuit loco harum idearum quas Plato
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	800 ponebat, rationes omnium creaturarum in mente divina existere,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	801 secundum quas omnia formantur, et secundum quas etiam anima humana
83 f69488acd31e minor fixups ht parents: 59 diff changeset	802 omnia cognoscit.</p><p>Cum ergo quaeritur utrum anima humana in
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	803 rationibus aeternis omnia cognoscat, dicendum est quod aliquid in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	804 aliquo dicitur cognosci dupliciter. Uno modo, sicut in obiecto
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	805 cognito; sicut aliquis videt in speculo ea quorum imagines in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	806 speculo resultant. Et hoc modo anima, in statu praesentis vitae,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	807 non potest videre omnia in rationibus aeternis; sed sic in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	808 rationibus aeternis cognoscunt omnia beati, qui Deum vident et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	809 omnia in ipso. Alio modo dicitur aliquid cognosci in aliquo sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	810 in cognitionis principio; sicut si dicamus quod in sole videntur ea
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	811 quae videntur per solem. Et sic necesse est dicere quod anima
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	812 humana omnia cognoscat in rationibus aeternis, per quarum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	813 participationem omnia cognoscimus. Ipsum enim lumen intellectuale
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	814 quod est in nobis, nihil est aliud quam quaedam participata
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	815 similitudo luminis increati, in quo continentur rationes aeternae.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	816 Unde in Psalmo IV, dicitur, <i>multi dicunt, quis ostendit nobis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	817 bona?</i> Cui quaestioni Psalmista respondet, dicens, <i>signatum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	818 est super nos lumen vultus tui, domine</i>. Quasi dicat, per ipsam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	819 sigillationem divini luminis in nobis, omnia nobis demonstrantur.
83 f69488acd31e minor fixups ht parents: 59 diff changeset	820 </p><p>
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	821 Quia tamen praeter lumen intellectuale in nobis, exiguntur species
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	822 intelligibiles a rebus acceptae, ad scientiam de rebus materialibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	823 habendam; ideo non per solam participationem rationum aeternarum de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	824 rebus materialibus notitiam habemus, sicut Platonici posuerunt quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	825 sola idearum participatio sufficit ad scientiam habendam. Unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	826 Augustinus dicit, in IV de Trin., <i>numquid quia philosophi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	827 documentis certissimis persuadent aeternis rationibus omnia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	828 temporalia fieri, propterea potuerunt in ipsis rationibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	829 perspicere, vel ex ipsis colligere quot sint animalium genera, quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	830 semina singulorum? Nonne ista omnia per locorum ac temporum
83 f69488acd31e minor fixups ht parents: 59 diff changeset	831 historiam quaesierunt?</i></p><p>Quod autem Augustinus non sic
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	832 intellexerit omnia cognosci in rationibus aeternis, vel in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	833 incommutabili veritate, quasi ipsae rationes aeternae videantur,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	834 patet per hoc quod ipse dicit in libro octoginta trium quaest.,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	835 quod <i>rationalis anima non omnis et quaelibet, sed quae sancta et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	836 pura fuerit, asseritur illi visioni</i>, scilicet rationum
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	837 aeternarum, esse idonea; sicut sunt animae beatorum.</p><p title="I q. 84 a. 5 ad arg."><a name="31986"><span class="ref">[31986] Iª q. 84 a. 5 ad arg.</span></a> Et per haec
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	838 patet responsio ad obiecta.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 6</h3><p title="I q. 84 a. 6 arg. 1"><a name="31987"><span class="ref">[31987] Iª q. 84 a. 6 arg. 1</span></a> Ad sextum sic
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	839 proceditur. Videtur quod intellectiva cognitio non accipiatur a
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	840 rebus sensibilibus. Dicit enim Augustinus, in libro octoginta trium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	841 quaest., quod <i>non est expectanda sinceritas veritatis a corporis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	842 sensibus</i>. Et hoc probat dupliciter. Uno modo, per hoc quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	843 <i>omne quod corporeus sensus attingit, sine ulla intermissione
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	844 temporis commutatur, quod autem non manet, percipi non potest</i>.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	845 Alio modo, per hoc quod <i>omnia quae per corpus sentimus, etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	846 cum non adsunt sensibus, imagines tamen eorum patimur, ut in somno
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	847 vel furore; non autem sensibus discernere valemus utrum ipsa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	848 sensibilia, vel imagines eorum falsas sentiamus. Nihil autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	849 percipi potest quod a falso non discernitur</i>. Et sic concludit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	850 quod non est expectanda veritas a sensibus. Sed cognitio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	851 intellectualis est apprehensiva veritatis. Non ergo cognitio
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	852 intellectualis est expectanda a sensibus.</p><p title="I q. 84 a. 6 arg. 2"><a name="31988"><span class="ref">[31988] Iª q. 84 a. 6 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	853 Augustinus dicit, XII super Gen. ad Litt., <i>non est putandum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	854 facere aliquid corpus in spiritum, tanquam spiritus corpori
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	855 facienti materiae vice subdatur, omni enim modo praestantior est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	856 qui facit, ea re de qua aliquid facit</i>. Unde concludit quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	857 <i>imaginem corporis non corpus in spiritu, sed ipse spiritus in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	858 seipso facit</i>. Non ergo intellectualis cognitio a sensibilibus
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	859 derivatur.</p><p title="I q. 84 a. 6 arg. 3"><a name="31989"><span class="ref">[31989] Iª q. 84 a. 6 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	860 effectus non se extendit ultra virtutem suae causae. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	861 intellectualis cognitio se extendit ultra sensibilia, intelligimus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	862 enim quaedam quae sensu percipi non possunt. Intellectualis ergo
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	863 cognitio non derivatur a rebus sensibilibus.</p><p title="I q. 84 a. 6 s. c."><a name="31990"><span class="ref">[31990] Iª q. 84 a. 6 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	864 quod philosophus probat, I Metaphys., et in fine Poster., quod
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	865 principium nostrae cognitionis est a sensu.</p><p title="I q. 84 a. 6 co."><a name="31991"><span class="ref">[31991] Iª q. 84 a. 6 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	866 quod circa istam quaestionem triplex fuit philosophorum opinio.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	867 Democritus enim posuit quod <i>nulla est alia causa cuiuslibet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	868 nostrae cognitionis, nisi cum ab his corporibus quae cogitamus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	869 veniunt atque intrant imagines in animas nostras</i>; ut Augustinus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	870 dicit in epistola sua ad Dioscorum. Et Aristoteles etiam dicit, in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	871 libro de Somn. et Vigil., quod Democritus posuit cognitionem fieri
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	872 per idola et defluxiones. Et huius positionis ratio fuit, quia tam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	873 ipse Democritus quam alii antiqui naturales non ponebant
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	874 intellectum differre a sensu, ut Aristoteles dicit in libro de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	875 anima. Et ideo, quia sensus immutatur a sensibili, arbitrabantur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	876 omnem nostram cognitionem fieri per solam immutationem a
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	877 sensibilibus. Quam quidem immutationem Democritus asserebat fieri
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	878 per imaginum defluxiones. Plato vero e contrario posuit intellectum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	879 differre a sensu; et intellectum quidem esse virtutem immaterialem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	880 organo corporeo non utentem in suo actu. Et quia incorporeum non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	881 potest immutari a corporeo, posuit quod cognitio intellectualis non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	882 fit per immutationem intellectus a sensibilibus, sed per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	883 participationem formarum intelligibilium separatarum, ut dictum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	884 est. Sensum etiam posuit virtutem quandam per se operantem. Unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	885 nec ipse sensus, cum sit quaedam vis spiritualis, immutatur a
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	886 sensibilibus, sed organa sensuum a sensibilibus immutantur, ex qua
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	887 immutatione anima quodammodo excitatur ut in se species sensibilium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	888 formet. Et hanc opinionem tangere videtur Augustinus, XII super
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	889 Gen. ad Litt., ubi dicit quod <i>corpus non sentit, sed anima per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	890 corpus, quo velut nuntio utitur ad formandum in seipsa quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	891 extrinsecus nuntiatur</i>. Sic igitur secundum Platonis opinionem,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	892 neque intellectualis cognitio a sensibili procedit, neque etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	893 sensibilis totaliter a sensibilibus rebus; sed sensibilia excitant
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	894 animam sensibilem ad sentiendum, et similiter sensus excitant
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	895 animam intellectivam ad intelligendum. Aristoteles autem media via
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	896 processit. Posuit enim cum Platone intellectum differre a sensu.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	897 Sed sensum posuit propriam operationem non habere sine
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	898 communicatione corporis; ita quod sentire non sit actus animae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	899 tantum, sed coniuncti. Et similiter posuit de omnibus operationibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	900 sensitivae partis. Quia igitur non est inconveniens quod sensibilia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	901 quae sunt extra animam, causent aliquid in coniunctum, in hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	902 Aristoteles cum Democrito concordavit, quod operationes sensitivae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	903 partis causentur per impressionem sensibilium in sensum, non per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	904 modum defluxionis, ut Democritus posuit, sed per quandam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	905 operationem. Nam et Democritus omnem actionem fieri posuit per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	906 influxionem atomorum, ut patet in I de Generat. Intellectum vero
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	907 posuit Aristoteles habere operationem absque communicatione
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	908 corporis. Nihil autem corporeum imprimere potest in rem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	909 incorpoream. Et ideo ad causandam intellectualem operationem,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	910 secundum Aristotelem, non sufficit sola impressio sensibilium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	911 corporum, sed requiritur aliquid nobilius, quia agens est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	912 honorabilius patiente, ut ipse dicit. Non tamen ita quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	913 intellectualis operatio causetur in nobis ex sola impressione
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	914 aliquarum rerum superiorum, ut Plato posuit, sed illud superius et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	915 nobilius agens quod vocat intellectum agentem, de quo iam supra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	916 diximus, facit phantasmata a sensibus accepta intelligibilia in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	917 actu, per modum abstractionis cuiusdam. Secundum hoc ergo, ex parte
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	918 phantasmatum intellectualis operatio a sensu causatur. Sed quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	919 phantasmata non sufficiunt immutare intellectum possibilem, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	920 oportet quod fiant intelligibilia actu per intellectum agentem; non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	921 potest dici quod sensibilis cognitio sit totalis et perfecta causa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	922 intellectualis cognitionis, sed magis quodammodo est materia
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	923 causae.</p><p title="I q. 84 a. 6 ad 1"><a name="31992"><span class="ref">[31992] Iª q. 84 a. 6 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	924 dicendum quod per verba illa Augustini datur intelligi quod veritas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	925 non sit totaliter a sensibus expectanda. Requiritur enim lumen
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	926 intellectus agentis, per quod immutabiliter veritatem in rebus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	927 mutabilibus cognoscamus, et discernamus ipsas res a similitudinibus
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	928 rerum.</p><p title="I q. 84 a. 6 ad 2"><a name="31993"><span class="ref">[31993] Iª q. 84 a. 6 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	929 dicendum quod Augustinus ibi non loquitur de intellectuali
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	930 cognitione, sed de imaginaria. Et quia, secundum Platonis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	931 opinionem, vis imaginaria habet operationem quae est animae solius;
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	932 eadem ratione usus est Augustinus ad ostendendum quod corpora non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	933 imprimunt suas similitudines in vim imaginariam, sed hoc facit ipsa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	934 anima, qua utitur Aristoteles ad probandum intellectum agentem esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	935 aliquid separatum, quia scilicet agens est honorabilius patiente.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	936 Et procul dubio oportet, secundum hanc positionem, in vi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	937 imaginativa ponere non solum potentiam passivam, sed etiam activam.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	938 Sed si ponamus, secundum opinionem Aristotelis, quod actio virtutis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	939 imaginativae sit coniuncti, nulla sequitur difficultas, quia corpus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	940 sensibile est nobilius organo animalis, secundum hoc quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	941 comparatur ad ipsum ut ens in actu ad ens in potentia, sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	942 coloratum in actu ad pupillam, quae colorata est in potentia.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	943 Posset tamen dici quod, quamvis prima immutatio virtutis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	944 imaginariae sit per motum sensibilium, quia phantasia est motus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	945 factus secundum sensum, ut dicitur in libro de anima; tamen est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	946 quaedam operatio animae in homine quae dividendo et componendo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	947 format diversas rerum imagines, etiam quae non sunt a sensibus
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	948 acceptae. Et quantum ad hoc possunt accipi verba Augustini.</p><p title="I q. 84 a. 6 ad 3"><a name="31994"><span class="ref">[31994] Iª q. 84 a. 6 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	949 dicendum quod sensitiva cognitio non est tota causa intellectualis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	950 cognitionis. Et ideo non est mirum si intellectualis cognitio ultra
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	951 sensitivam se extendit.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 7</h3><p title="I q. 84 a. 7 arg. 1"><a name="31995"><span class="ref">[31995] Iª q. 84 a. 7 arg. 1</span></a> Ad septimum sic
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	952 proceditur. Videtur quod intellectus possit actu intelligere per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	953 species intelligibiles quas penes se habet, non convertendo se ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	954 phantasmata. Intellectus enim fit in actu per speciem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	955 intelligibilem qua informatur. Sed intellectum esse in actu, est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	956 ipsum intelligere. Ergo species intelligibiles sufficiunt ad hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	957 quod intellectus actu intelligat, absque hoc quod ad phantasmata se
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	958 convertat.</p><p title="I q. 84 a. 7 arg. 2"><a name="31996"><span class="ref">[31996] Iª q. 84 a. 7 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea, magis
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	959 dependet imaginatio a sensu, quam intellectus ab imaginatione. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	960 imaginatio potest imaginari actu, absentibus sensibilibus. Ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	961 multo magis intellectus potest intelligere actu, non convertendo se
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	962 ad phantasmata.</p><p title="I q. 84 a. 7 arg. 3"><a name="31997"><span class="ref">[31997] Iª q. 84 a. 7 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	963 incorporalium non sunt aliqua phantasmata, quia imaginatio tempus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	964 et continuum non transcendit. Si ergo intellectus noster non posset
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	965 aliquid intelligere in actu nisi converteretur ad phantasmata,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	966 sequeretur quod non posset intelligere incorporeum aliquid. Quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	967 patet esse falsum, intelligimus enim veritatem ipsam, et Deum et
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	968 Angelos.</p><p title="I q. 84 a. 7 s. c."><a name="31998"><span class="ref">[31998] Iª q. 84 a. 7 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	969 quod philosophus dicit, in III de anima, quod <i>nihil sine
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	970 phantasmate intelligit anima</i>.</p><p title="I q. 84 a. 7 co."><a name="31999"><span class="ref">[31999] Iª q. 84 a. 7 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	971 quod impossibile est intellectum nostrum, secundum praesentis vitae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	972 statum, quo passibili corpori coniungitur, aliquid intelligere in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	973 actu, nisi convertendo se ad phantasmata. Et hoc duobus indiciis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	974 apparet. Primo quidem quia, cum intellectus sit vis quaedam non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	975 utens corporali organo, nullo modo impediretur in suo actu per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	976 laesionem alicuius corporalis organi, si non requireretur ad eius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	977 actum actus alicuius potentiae utentis organo corporali. Utuntur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	978 autem organo corporali sensus et imaginatio et aliae vires
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	979 pertinentes ad partem sensitivam. Unde manifestum est quod ad hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	980 quod intellectus actu intelligat, non solum accipiendo scientiam de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	981 novo, sed etiam utendo scientia iam acquisita, requiritur actus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	982 imaginationis et ceterarum virtutum. Videmus enim quod, impedito
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	983 actu virtutis imaginativae per laesionem organi, ut in phreneticis;
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	984 et similiter impedito actu memorativae virtutis, ut in lethargicis;
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	985 impeditur homo ab intelligendo in actu etiam ea quorum scientiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	986 praeaccepit. Secundo, quia hoc quilibet in seipso experiri potest,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	987 quod quando aliquis conatur aliquid intelligere, format aliqua
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	988 phantasmata sibi per modum exemplorum, in quibus quasi inspiciat
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	989 quod intelligere studet. Et inde est etiam quod quando alium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	990 volumus facere aliquid intelligere, proponimus ei exempla, ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	991 quibus sibi phantasmata formare possit ad intelligendum. Huius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	992 autem ratio est, quia potentia cognoscitiva proportionatur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	993 cognoscibili. Unde intellectus angelici, qui est totaliter a
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	994 corpore separatus, obiectum proprium est substantia intelligibilis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	995 a corpore separata; et per huiusmodi intelligibilia materialia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	996 cognoscit. Intellectus autem humani, qui est coniunctus corpori,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	997 proprium obiectum est quidditas sive natura in materia corporali
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	998 existens; et per huiusmodi naturas visibilium rerum etiam in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	999 invisibilium rerum aliqualem cognitionem ascendit. De ratione autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1000 huius naturae est, quod in aliquo individuo existat, quod non est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1001 absque materia corporali, sicut de ratione naturae lapidis est quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1002 sit in hoc lapide, et de ratione naturae equi quod sit in hoc equo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1003 et sic de aliis. Unde natura lapidis, vel cuiuscumque materialis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1004 rei, cognosci non potest complete et vere, nisi secundum quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1005 cognoscitur ut in particulari existens. Particulare autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1006 apprehendimus per sensum et imaginationem. Et ideo necesse est ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1007 hoc quod intellectus actu intelligat suum obiectum proprium, quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1008 convertat se ad phantasmata, ut speculetur naturam universalem in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1009 particulari existentem. Si autem proprium obiectum intellectus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1010 nostri esset forma separata; vel si naturae rerum sensibilium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1011 subsisterent non in particularibus, secundum Platonicos; non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1012 oporteret quod intellectus noster semper intelligendo converteret
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1013 se ad phantasmata.</p><p title="I q. 84 a. 7 ad 1"><a name="32000"><span class="ref">[32000] Iª q. 84 a. 7 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1014 dicendum quod species conservatae in intellectu possibili, in eo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1015 existunt habitualiter quando actu non intelligit, sicut supra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1016 dictum est. Unde ad hoc quod intelligamus in actu, non sufficit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1017 ipsa conservatio specierum; sed oportet quod eis utamur secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1018 quod convenit rebus quarum sunt species, quae sunt naturae in
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1019 particularibus existentes.</p><p title="I q. 84 a. 7 ad 2"><a name="32001"><span class="ref">[32001] Iª q. 84 a. 7 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1020 dicendum quod etiam ipsum phantasma est similitudo rei
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1021 particularis, unde non indiget imaginatio aliqua alia similitudine
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1022 particularis, sicut indiget intellectus.</p><p title="I q. 84 a. 7 ad 3"><a name="32002"><span class="ref">[32002] Iª q. 84 a. 7 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1023 dicendum quod incorporea, quorum non sunt phantasmata, cognoscuntur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1024 a nobis per comparationem ad corpora sensibilia, quorum sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1025 phantasmata. Sicut veritatem intelligimus ex consideratione rei
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1026 circa quam veritatem speculamur; Deum autem, ut Dionysius dicit,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1027 cognoscimus ut causam, et per excessum, et per remotionem; alias
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1028 etiam incorporeas substantias, in statu praesentis vitae,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1029 cognoscere non possumus nisi per remotionem, vel aliquam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1030 comparationem ad corporalia. Et ideo cum de huiusmodi aliquid
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1031 intelligimus, necesse habemus converti ad phantasmata corporum,
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1032 licet ipsorum non sint phantasmata.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 8</h3><p title="I q. 84 a. 8 arg. 1"><a name="32003"><span class="ref">[32003] Iª q. 84 a. 8 arg. 1</span></a> Ad octavum sic
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1033 proceditur. Videtur quod iudicium intellectus non impediatur per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1034 ligamentum sensus. Superius enim non dependet ab inferiori. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1035 iudicium intellectus est supra sensum. Ergo iudicium intellectus
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1036 non impeditur per ligamentum sensus.</p><p title="I q. 84 a. 8 arg. 2"><a name="32004"><span class="ref">[32004] Iª q. 84 a. 8 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1037 syllogizare est actus intellectus. In somno autem ligatur sensus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1038 ut dicitur in libro de Somn. et Vig.; contingit tamen quandoque
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1039 quod aliquis dormiens syllogizat. Ergo non impeditur iudicium
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1040 intellectus per ligamentum sensus.</p><p title="I q. 84 a. 8 s. c."><a name="32005"><span class="ref">[32005] Iª q. 84 a. 8 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1041 quod in dormiendo ea quae contra licitos mores contingunt, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1042 imputantur ad peccatum; ut Augustinus in XII super Gen. ad Litt.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1043 dicit. Hoc autem non esset si homo in dormiendo liberum usum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1044 rationis et intellectus haberet. Ergo impeditur rationis usus per
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1045 ligamentum sensus.</p><p title="I q. 84 a. 8 co."><a name="32006"><span class="ref">[32006] Iª q. 84 a. 8 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1046 quod, sicut dictum est, proprium obiectum intellectui nostro
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1047 proportionatum est natura rei sensibilis. Iudicium autem perfectum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1048 de re aliqua dari non potest, nisi ea omnia quae ad rem pertinent
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1049 cognoscantur, et praecipue si ignoretur id quod est terminus et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1050 finis iudicii. Dicit autem philosophus, in III de caelo, quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1051 <i>sicut finis factivae scientiae est opus, ita naturalis scientiae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1052 finis est quod videtur principaliter secundum sensum</i>, faber
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1053 enim non quaerit cognitionem cultelli nisi propter opus, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1054 operetur hunc particularem cultellum; et similiter naturalis non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1055 quaerit cognoscere naturam lapidis et equi, nisi ut sciat rationes
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1056 eorum quae videntur secundum sensum. Manifestum est autem quod non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1057 posset esse perfectum iudicium fabri de cultello, si opus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1058 ignoraret, et similiter non potest esse perfectum iudicium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1059 scientiae naturalis de rebus naturalibus, si sensibilia ignorentur.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1060 Omnia autem quae in praesenti statu intelligimus, cognoscuntur a
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1061 nobis per comparationem ad res sensibiles naturales. Unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1062 impossibile est quod sit in nobis iudicium intellectus perfectum,
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1063 cum ligamento sensus, per quem res sensibiles cognoscimus.</p><p title="I q. 84 a. 8 ad 1"><a name="32007"><span class="ref">[32007] Iª q. 84 a. 8 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1064 dicendum quod, quamvis intellectus sit superior sensu, accipit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1065 tamen aliquo modo a sensu, et eius obiecta prima et principalia in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1066 sensibilibus fundantur. Et ideo necesse est quod impediatur
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1067 iudicium intellectus ex ligamento sensus.</p><p title="I q. 84 a. 8 ad 2"><a name="32008"><span class="ref">[32008] Iª q. 84 a. 8 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1068 dicendum quod sensus ligatur in dormientibus propter evaporationes
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1069 quasdam et fumositates resolutas, ut dicitur in libro de Somn. et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1070 Vig. Et ideo secundum dispositionem huiusmodi evaporationum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1071 contingit esse ligamentum sensus maius vel minus. Quando enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1072 multus fuerit motus vaporum, ligatur non solum sensus, sed etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1073 imaginatio, ita ut nulla appareant phantasmata; sicut praecipue
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1074 accidit cum aliquis incipit dormire post multum cibum et potum. Si
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1075 vero motus vaporum aliquantulum fuerit remissior, apparent
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1076 phantasmata, sed distorta et inordinata; sicut accidit in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1077 febricitantibus. Si vero adhuc magis motus sedetur, apparent
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1078 phantasmata ordinata; sicut maxime solet contingere in fine
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1079 dormitionis, et in hominibus sobriis et habentibus fortem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1080 imaginationem. Si autem motus vaporum fuerit modicus, non solum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1081 imaginatio remanet libera, sed etiam ipse sensus communis ex parte
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1082 solvitur; ita quod homo iudicat interdum in dormiendo ea quae videt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1083 somnia esse, quasi diiudicans inter res et rerum similitudines. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1084 tamen ex aliqua parte remanet sensus communis ligatus; et ideo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1085 licet aliquas similitudines discernat a rebus, tamen semper in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1086 aliquibus decipitur. Sic igitur per modum quo sensus solvitur et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1087 imaginatio in dormiendo, liberatur et iudicium intellectus, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1088 tamen ex toto. Unde illi qui dormiendo syllogizant, cum excitantur,
59 03759e5c1080 fix multi-para s.c. ht parents: 53 diff changeset	1089 semper recognoscunt se in aliquo defecisse.</p></div></div><div id="q85" class="q"><h2>Quaestio 85</h2><div class="p"><h3>Prooemium</h3><p title="I q. 85 pr."><a name="32009"><span class="ref">[32009]
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1090 Iª q. 85 pr.</span></a> Deinde considerandum est de modo et
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1091 ordine intelligendi. Et circa hoc quaeruntur octo. Primo, utrum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1092 intellectus noster intelligat abstrahendo species a phantasmatibus.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1093 Secundo, utrum species intelligibiles abstractae a phantasmatibus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1094 se habeant ad intellectum nostrum ut quod intelligitur, vel sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1095 id quo intelligitur. Tertio, utrum intellectus noster naturaliter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1096 intelligat prius magis universale. Quarto, utrum intellectus noster
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1097 possit multa simul intelligere. Quinto, utrum intellectus noster
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1098 intelligat componendo et dividendo. Sexto, utrum intellectus possit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1099 errare. Septimo, utrum unus possit eandem rem melius intelligere
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1100 quam alius. Octavo, utrum intellectus noster per prius cognoscat
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1101 indivisibile quam divisibile.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 1</h3><p title="I q. 85 a. 1 arg. 1"><a name="32010"><span class="ref">[32010] Iª q. 85 a. 1 arg. 1</span></a> Ad primum sic
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1102 proceditur. Videtur quod intellectus noster non intelligat res
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1103 corporeas et materiales per abstractionem a phantasmatibus.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1104 Quicumque enim intellectus intelligit rem aliter quam sit, est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1105 falsus. Formae autem rerum materialium non sunt abstractae a
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1106 particularibus, quorum similitudines sunt phantasmata. Si ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1107 intelligamus res materiales per abstractionem specierum a
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1108 phantasmatibus, erit falsitas in intellectu nostro.</p><p title="I q. 85 a. 1 arg. 2"><a name="32011"><span class="ref">[32011] Iª q. 85 a. 1 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea, res
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1109 materiales sunt res naturales, in quarum definitione cadit materia.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1110 Sed nihil potest intelligi sine eo quod cadit in definitione eius.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1111 Ergo res materiales non possunt intelligi sine materia. Sed materia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1112 est individuationis principium. Ergo res materiales non possunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1113 intelligi per abstractionem universalis a particulari, quod est
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1114 abstrahere species intelligibiles a phantasmatibus.</p><p title="I q. 85 a. 1 arg. 3"><a name="32012"><span class="ref">[32012] Iª q. 85 a. 1 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea, in
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1115 III de anima dicitur quod phantasmata se habent ad animam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1116 intellectivam sicut colores ad visum. Sed visio non fit per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1117 abstractionem aliquarum specierum a coloribus, sed per hoc quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1118 colores imprimunt in visum. Ergo nec intelligere contingit per hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1119 quod aliquid abstrahatur a phantasmatibus, sed per hoc quod
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1120 phantasmata imprimunt in intellectum.</p><p title="I q. 85 a. 1 arg. 4"><a name="32013"><span class="ref">[32013] Iª q. 85 a. 1 arg. 4</span></a> Praeterea, ut
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1121 dicitur in III de anima, in intellectiva anima sunt duo, scilicet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1122 intellectus possibilis, et agens. Sed abstrahere a phantasmatibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1123 species intelligibiles non pertinet ad intellectum possibilem, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1124 recipere species iam abstractas. Sed nec etiam videtur pertinere ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1125 intellectum agentem, qui se habet ad phantasmata sicut lumen ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1126 colores, quod non abstrahit aliquid a coloribus, sed magis eis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1127 influit. Ergo nullo modo intelligimus abstrahendo a
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1128 phantasmatibus.</p><p title="I q. 85 a. 1 arg. 5"><a name="32014"><span class="ref">[32014] Iª q. 85 a. 1 arg. 5</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1129 philosophus, in III de anima, dicit quod <i>intellectus intelligit
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1130 species in phantasmatibus</i>. Non ergo eas abstrahendo.</p><p title="I q. 85 a. 1 s. c."><a name="32015"><span class="ref">[32015] Iª q. 85 a. 1 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1131 quod dicitur in III de anima, quod <i>sicut res sunt separabiles a
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1132 materia, sic circa intellectum sunt</i>. Ergo oportet quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1133 materialia intelligantur inquantum a materia abstrahuntur, et a
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1134 similitudinibus materialibus, quae sunt phantasmata.</p><p title="I q. 85 a. 1 co."><a name="32016"><span class="ref">[32016] Iª q. 85 a. 1 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1135 quod, sicut supra dictum est, obiectum cognoscibile proportionatur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1136 virtuti cognoscitivae. Est autem triplex gradus cognoscitivae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1137 virtutis. Quaedam enim cognoscitiva virtus est actus organi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1138 corporalis, scilicet sensus. Et ideo obiectum cuiuslibet sensitivae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1139 potentiae est forma prout in materia corporali existit. Et quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1140 huiusmodi materia est individuationis principium, ideo omnis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1141 potentia sensitivae partis est cognoscitiva particularium tantum.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1142 Quaedam autem virtus cognoscitiva est quae neque est actus organi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1143 corporalis, neque est aliquo modo corporali materiae coniuncta,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1144 sicut intellectus angelicus. Et ideo huius virtutis cognoscitivae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1145 obiectum est forma sine materia subsistens, etsi enim materialia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1146 cognoscant, non tamen nisi in immaterialibus ea intuentur, scilicet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1147 vel in seipsis vel in Deo. Intellectus autem humanus medio modo se
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1148 habet, non enim est actus alicuius organi, sed tamen est quaedam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1149 virtus animae, quae est forma corporis, ut ex supra dictis patet.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1150 Et ideo proprium eius est cognoscere formam in materia quidem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1151 corporali individualiter existentem, non tamen prout est in tali
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1152 materia. Cognoscere vero id quod est in materia individuali, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1153 prout est in tali materia, est abstrahere formam a materia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1154 individuali, quam repraesentant phantasmata. Et ideo necesse est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1155 dicere quod intellectus noster intelligit materialia abstrahendo a
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1156 phantasmatibus; et per materialia sic considerata in immaterialium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1157 aliqualem cognitionem devenimus, sicut e contra Angeli per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1158 immaterialia materialia cognoscunt. Plato vero, attendens solum ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1159 immaterialitatem intellectus humani, non autem ad hoc quod est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1160 corpori quodammodo unitus, posuit obiectum intellectus ideas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1161 separatas; et quod intelligimus, non quidem abstrahendo, sed magis
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1162 abstracta participando, ut supra dictum est.</p><p title="I q. 85 a. 1 ad 1"><a name="32017"><span class="ref">[32017] Iª q. 85 a. 1 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1163 dicendum quod abstrahere contingit dupliciter. Uno modo, per modum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1164 compositionis et divisionis; sicut cum intelligimus aliquid non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1165 esse in alio, vel esse separatum ab eo. Alio modo, per modum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1166 simplicis et absolutae considerationis; sicut cum intelligimus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1167 unum, nihil considerando de alio. Abstrahere igitur per intellectum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1168 ea quae secundum rem non sunt abstracta, secundum primum modum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1169 abstrahendi, non est absque falsitate. Sed secundo modo abstrahere
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1170 per intellectum quae non sunt abstracta secundum rem, non habet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1171 falsitatem; ut in sensibilibus manifeste apparet. Si enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1172 intelligamus vel dicamus colorem non inesse corpori colorato, vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1173 esse separatum ab eo, erit falsitas in opinione vel in oratione. Si
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1174 vero consideremus colorem et proprietates eius, nihil considerantes
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1175 de pomo colorato; vel quod sic intelligimus, etiam voce exprimamus;
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1176 erit absque falsitate opinionis et orationis. Pomum enim non est de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1177 ratione coloris; et ideo nihil prohibet colorem intelligi, nihil
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1178 intelligendo de pomo. Similiter dico quod ea quae pertinent ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1179 rationem speciei cuiuslibet rei materialis, puta lapidis aut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1180 hominis aut equi, possunt considerari sine principiis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1181 individualibus, quae non sunt de ratione speciei. Et hoc est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1182 abstrahere universale a particulari, vel speciem intelligibilem a
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1183 phantasmatibus, considerare scilicet naturam speciei absque
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1184 consideratione individualium principiorum, quae per phantasmata
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1185 repraesentantur. Cum ergo dicitur quod intellectus est falsus qui
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1186 intelligit rem aliter quam sit, verum est si ly aliter referatur ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1187 rem intellectam. Tunc enim intellectus est falsus, quando
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1188 intelligit rem esse aliter quam sit. Unde falsus esset intellectus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1189 si sic abstraheret speciem lapidis a materia, ut intelligeret eam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1190 non esse in materia, ut Plato posuit. Non est autem verum quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1191 proponitur, si ly aliter accipiatur ex parte intelligentis. Est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1192 enim absque falsitate ut alius sit modus intelligentis in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1193 intelligendo, quam modus rei in existendo, quia intellectum est in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1194 intelligente immaterialiter, per modum intellectus; non autem
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1195 materialiter, per modum rei materialis.</p><p title="I q. 85 a. 1 ad 2"><a name="32018"><span class="ref">[32018] Iª q. 85 a. 1 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1196 dicendum quod quidam putaverunt quod species rei naturalis sit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1197 forma solum, et quod materia non sit pars speciei. Sed secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1198 hoc, in definitionibus rerum naturalium non poneretur materia. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1199 ideo aliter dicendum est, quod materia est duplex, scilicet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1200 communis, et signata vel individualis, communis quidem, ut caro et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1201 os; individualis autem, ut hae carnes et haec ossa. Intellectus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1202 igitur abstrahit speciem rei naturalis a materia sensibili
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1203 individuali, non autem a materia sensibili communi. Sicut speciem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1204 hominis abstrahit ab his carnibus et his ossibus, quae non sunt de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1205 ratione speciei, sed sunt partes individui, ut dicitur in VII
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1206 Metaphys.; et ideo sine eis considerari potest. Sed species hominis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1207 non potest abstrahi per intellectum a carnibus et ossibus. Species
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1208 autem mathematicae possunt abstrahi per intellectum a materia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1209 sensibili non solum individuali, sed etiam communi; non tamen a
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1210 materia intelligibili communi, sed solum individuali. Materia enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1211 sensibilis dicitur materia corporalis secundum quod subiacet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1212 qualitatibus sensibilibus, scilicet calido et frigido, duro et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1213 molli, et huiusmodi. Materia vero intelligibilis dicitur substantia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1214 secundum quod subiacet quantitati. Manifestum est autem quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1215 quantitas prius inest substantiae quam qualitates sensibiles. Unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1216 quantitates, ut numeri et dimensiones et figurae, quae sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1217 terminationes quantitatum, possunt considerari absque qualitatibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1218 sensibilibus, quod est eas abstrahi a materia sensibili, non tamen
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1219 possunt considerari sine intellectu substantiae quantitati
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1220 subiectae, quod esset eas abstrahi a materia intelligibili communi.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1221 Possunt tamen considerari sine hac vel illa substantia; quod est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1222 eas abstrahi a materia intelligibili individuali. Quaedam vero sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1223 quae possunt abstrahi etiam a materia intelligibili communi, sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1224 ens, unum, potentia et actus, et alia huiusmodi, quae etiam esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1225 possunt absque omni materia, ut patet in substantiis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1226 immaterialibus. Et quia Plato non consideravit quod dictum est de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1227 duplici modo abstractionis, omnia quae diximus abstrahi per
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1228 intellectum, posuit abstracta esse secundum rem.</p><p title="I q. 85 a. 1 ad 3"><a name="32019"><span class="ref">[32019] Iª q. 85 a. 1 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1229 dicendum quod colores habent eundem modum existendi prout sunt in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1230 materia corporali individuali, sicut et potentia visiva, et ideo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1231 possunt imprimere suam similitudinem in visum. Sed phantasmata, cum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1232 sint similitudines individuorum, et existant in organis corporeis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1233 non habent eundem modum existendi quem habet intellectus humanus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1234 ut ex dictis patet; et ideo non possunt sua virtute imprimere in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1235 intellectum possibilem. Sed virtute intellectus agentis resultat
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1236 quaedam similitudo in intellectu possibili ex conversione
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1237 intellectus agentis supra phantasmata, quae quidem est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1238 repraesentativa eorum quorum sunt phantasmata, solum quantum ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1239 naturam speciei. Et per hunc modum dicitur abstrahi species
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1240 intelligibilis a phantasmatibus, non quod aliqua eadem numero
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1241 forma, quae prius fuit in phantasmatibus, postmodum fiat in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1242 intellectu possibili, ad modum quo corpus accipitur ab uno loco et
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1243 transfertur ad alterum.</p><p title="I q. 85 a. 1 ad 4"><a name="32020"><span class="ref">[32020] Iª q. 85 a. 1 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1244 dicendum quod phantasmata et illuminantur ab intellectu agente; et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1245 iterum ab eis, per virtutem intellectus agentis, species
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1246 intelligibiles abstrahuntur. Illuminantur quidem, quia, sicut pars
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1247 sensitiva ex coniunctione ad intellectivam efficitur virtuosior,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1248 ita phantasmata ex virtute intellectus agentis redduntur habilia ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1249 ab eis intentiones intelligibiles abstrahantur. Abstrahit autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1250 intellectus agens species intelligibiles a phantasmatibus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1251 inquantum per virtutem intellectus agentis accipere possumus in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1252 nostra consideratione naturas specierum sine individualibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1253 conditionibus, secundum quarum similitudines intellectus possibilis
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1254 informatur.</p><p title="I q. 85 a. 1 ad 5"><a name="32021"><span class="ref">[32021] Iª q. 85 a. 1 ad 5</span></a> Ad quintum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1255 dicendum quod intellectus noster et abstrahit species
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1256 intelligibiles a phantasmatibus, inquantum considerat naturas rerum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1257 in universali; et tamen intelligit eas in phantasmatibus, quia non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1258 potest intelligere etiam ea quorum species abstrahit, nisi
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1259 convertendo se ad phantasmata, ut supra dictum est.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 2</h3><p title="I q. 85 a. 2 arg. 1"><a name="32022"><span class="ref">[32022] Iª q. 85 a. 2 arg. 1</span></a> Ad secundum sic
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1260 proceditur. Videtur quod species intelligibiles a phantasmatibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1261 abstractae, se habeant ad intellectum nostrum sicut id quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1262 intelligitur. Intellectum enim in actu est in intelligente, quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1263 intellectum in actu est ipse intellectus in actu. Sed nihil de re
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1264 intellecta est in intellectu actu intelligente, nisi species
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1265 intelligibilis abstracta. Ergo huiusmodi species est ipsum
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1266 intellectum in actu.</p><p title="I q. 85 a. 2 arg. 2"><a name="32023"><span class="ref">[32023] Iª q. 85 a. 2 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1267 intellectum in actu oportet in aliquo esse, alioquin nihil esset.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1268 Sed non est in re quae est extra animam, quia, cum res extra animam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1269 sit materialis, nihil quod est in ea, potest esse intellectum in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1270 actu. Relinquitur ergo quod intellectum in actu sit in intellectu.
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1271 Et ita nihil est aliud quam species intelligibilis praedicta.</p><p title="I q. 85 a. 2 arg. 3"><a name="32024"><span class="ref">[32024] Iª q. 85 a. 2 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1272 philosophus dicit, in I Periherm., quod <i>voces sunt notae earum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1273 quae sunt in anima passionum</i>. Sed voces significant res
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1274 intellectas, id enim voce significamus quod intelligimus. Ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1275 ipsae passiones animae, scilicet species intelligibiles, sunt ea
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1276 quae intelliguntur in actu.</p><p title="I q. 85 a. 2 s. c."><a name="32025"><span class="ref">[32025] Iª q. 85 a. 2 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1277 species intelligibilis se habet ad intellectum, sicut species
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1278 sensibilis ad sensum. Sed species sensibilis non est illud quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1279 sentitur, sed magis id quo sensus sentit. Ergo species
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1280 intelligibilis non est quod intelligitur actu, sed id quo
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1281 intelligit intellectus.</p><p title="I q. 85 a. 2 co."><a name="32026"><span class="ref">[32026] Iª q. 85 a. 2 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1282 quod quidam posuerunt quod vires cognoscitivae quae sunt in nobis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1283 nihil cognoscunt nisi proprias passiones; puta quod sensus non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1284 sentit nisi passionem sui organi. Et secundum hoc, intellectus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1285 nihil intelligit nisi suam passionem, idest speciem intelligibilem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1286 in se receptam. Et secundum hoc, species huiusmodi est ipsum quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1287 intelligitur. Sed haec opinio manifeste apparet falsa ex duobus.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1288 Primo quidem, quia eadem sunt quae intelligimus, et de quibus sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1289 scientiae. Si igitur ea quae intelligimus essent solum species quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1290 sunt in anima, sequeretur quod scientiae omnes non essent de rebus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1291 quae sunt extra animam, sed solum de speciebus intelligibilibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1292 quae sunt in anima; sicut secundum Platonicos omnes scientiae sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1293 de ideis, quas ponebant esse intellecta in actu. Secundo, quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1294 sequeretur error antiquorum dicentium quod <i>omne quod videtur est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1295 verum</i>; et sic quod contradictoriae essent simul verae. Si enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1296 potentia non cognoscit nisi propriam passionem, de ea solum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1297 iudicat. Sic autem videtur aliquid, secundum quod potentia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1298 cognoscitiva afficitur. Semper ergo iudicium potentiae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1299 cognoscitivae erit de eo quod iudicat, scilicet de propria
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1300 passione, secundum quod est; et ita omne iudicium erit verum. Puta
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1301 si gustus non sentit nisi propriam passionem, cum aliquis habens
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1302 sanum gustum iudicat mel esse dulce, vere iudicabit; et similiter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1303 si ille qui habet gustum infectum, iudicet mel esse amarum, vere
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1304 iudicabit, uterque enim iudicat secundum quod gustus eius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1305 afficitur. Et sic sequitur quod omnis opinio aequaliter erit vera,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1306 et universaliter omnis acceptio. Et ideo dicendum est quod species
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1307 intelligibilis se habet ad intellectum ut quo intelligit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1308 intellectus. Quod sic patet. Cum enim sit duplex actio, sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1309 dicitur IX Metaphys., una quae manet in agente, ut videre et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1310 intelligere, altera quae transit in rem exteriorem, ut calefacere
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1311 et secare; utraque fit secundum aliquam formam. Et sicut forma
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1312 secundum quam provenit actio tendens in rem exteriorem, est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1313 similitudo obiecti actionis, ut calor calefacientis est similitudo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1314 calefacti; similiter forma secundum quam provenit actio manens in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1315 agente, est similitudo obiecti. Unde similitudo rei visibilis est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1316 secundum quam visus videt; et similitudo rei intellectae, quae est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1317 species intelligibilis, est forma secundum quam intellectus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1318 intelligit. Sed quia intellectus supra seipsum reflectitur,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1319 secundum eandem reflexionem intelligit et suum intelligere, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1320 speciem qua intelligit. Et sic species intellectiva secundario est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1321 id quod intelligitur. Sed id quod intelligitur primo, est res cuius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1322 species intelligibilis est similitudo. Et hoc etiam patet ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1323 antiquorum opinione, qui ponebant simile simili cognosci. Ponebant
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1324 enim quod anima per terram quae in ipsa erat, cognosceret terram
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1325 quae extra ipsam erat; et sic de aliis. Si ergo accipiamus speciem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1326 terrae loco terrae, secundum doctrinam Aristotelis, qui dicit quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1327 <i>lapis non est in anima, sed species lapidis</i>; sequetur quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1328 anima per species intelligibiles cognoscat res quae sunt extra
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1329 animam.</p><p title="I q. 85 a. 2 ad 1"><a name="32027"><span class="ref">[32027] Iª q. 85 a. 2 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1330 dicendum quod intellectum est in intelligente per suam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1331 similitudinem. Et per hunc modum dicitur quod intellectum in actu
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1332 est intellectus in actu, inquantum similitudo rei intellectae est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1333 forma intellectus; sicut similitudo rei sensibilis est forma sensus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1334 in actu. Unde non sequitur quod species intelligibilis abstracta
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1335 sit id quod actu intelligitur, sed quod sit similitudo eius.</p><p title="I q. 85 a. 2 ad 2"><a name="32028"><span class="ref">[32028] Iª q. 85 a. 2 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1336 dicendum quod, cum dicitur intellectum in actu, duo importantur,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1337 scilicet res quae intelligitur, et hoc quod est ipsum intelligi. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1338 similiter cum dicitur universale abstractum, duo intelliguntur,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1339 scilicet ipsa natura rei, et abstractio seu universalitas. Ipsa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1340 igitur natura cui accidit vel intelligi vel abstrahi, vel intentio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1341 universalitatis, non est nisi in singularibus; sed hoc ipsum quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1342 est intelligi vel abstrahi, vel intentio universalitatis, est in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1343 intellectu. Et hoc possumus videre per simile in sensu. Visus enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1344 videt colorem pomi sine eius odore. Si ergo quaeratur ubi sit color
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1345 qui videtur sine odore manifestum est quod color qui videtur, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1346 est nisi in pomo; sed quod sit sine odore perceptus, hoc accidit ei
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1347 ex parte visus, inquantum in visu est similitudo coloris et non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1348 odoris. Similiter humanitas quae intelligitur, non est nisi in hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1349 vel in illo homine, sed quod humanitas apprehendatur sine
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1350 individualibus conditionibus, quod est ipsam abstrahi, ad quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1351 sequitur intentio universalitatis, accidit humanitatis secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1352 quod percipitur ab intellectu, in quo est similitudo naturae
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1353 speciei, et non individualium principiorum.</p><p title="I q. 85 a. 2 ad 3"><a name="32029"><span class="ref">[32029] Iª q. 85 a. 2 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1354 dicendum quod in parte sensitiva invenitur duplex operatio. Una
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1355 secundum solam immutationem, et sic perficitur operatio sensus per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1356 hoc quod immutatur a sensibili. Alia operatio est formatio,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1357 secundum quod vis imaginativa format sibi aliquod idolum rei
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1358 absentis, vel etiam nunquam visae. Et utraque haec operatio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1359 coniungitur in intellectu. Nam primo quidem consideratur passio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1360 intellectus possibilis secundum quod informatur specie
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1361 intelligibili. Qua quidem formatus, format secundo vel definitionem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1362 vel divisionem vel compositionem, quae per vocem significatur. Unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1363 ratio quam significat nomen, est definitio; et enuntiatio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1364 significat compositionem et divisionem intellectus. Non ergo voces
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1365 significant ipsas species intelligibiles; sed ea quae intellectus
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1366 sibi format ad iudicandum de rebus exterioribus.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 3</h3><p title="I q. 85 a. 3 arg. 1"><a name="32030"><span class="ref">[32030] Iª q. 85 a. 3 arg. 1</span></a> Ad tertium sic
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1367 proceditur. Videtur quod magis universalia non sint priora in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1368 nostra cognitione intellectuali. Quia ea quae sunt priora et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1369 notiora secundum naturam, sunt posteriora et minus nota secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1370 nos. Sed universalia sunt priora secundum naturam, quia prius est a
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1371 quo non convertitur subsistendi consequentia. Ergo universalia sunt
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1372 posteriora in cognitione nostri intellectus.</p><p title="I q. 85 a. 3 arg. 2"><a name="32031"><span class="ref">[32031] Iª q. 85 a. 3 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1373 composita sunt priora quoad nos quam simplicia. Sed universalia
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1374 sunt simpliciora. Ergo sunt posterius nota quoad nos.</p><p title="I q. 85 a. 3 arg. 3"><a name="32032"><span class="ref">[32032] Iª q. 85 a. 3 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1375 philosophus dicit, in I Physic. quod definitum prius cadit in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1376 cognitione nostra quam partes definitionis. Sed universaliora sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1377 partes definitionis minus universalium, sicut animal est pars
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1378 definitionis hominis. Ergo universalia sunt posterius nota quoad
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1379 nos.</p><p title="I q. 85 a. 3 arg. 4"><a name="32033"><span class="ref">[32033] Iª q. 85 a. 3 arg. 4</span></a> Praeterea, per
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1380 effectus devenimus in causas et principia. Sed universalia sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1381 quaedam principia. Ergo universalia sunt posterius nota quoad
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1382 nos.</p><p title="I q. 85 a. 3 s. c."><a name="32034"><span class="ref">[32034] Iª q. 85 a. 3 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1383 quod dicitur in I Physic., quod <i>ex universalibus in singularia
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1384 oportet devenire</i>.</p><p title="I q. 85 a. 3 co."><a name="32035"><span class="ref">[32035] Iª q. 85 a. 3 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1385 quod in cognitione nostri intellectus duo oportet considerare.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1386 Primo quidem, quod cognitio intellectiva aliquo modo a sensitiva
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1387 primordium sumit. Et quia sensus est singularium, intellectus autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1388 universalium; necesse est quod cognitio singularium, quoad nos,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1389 prior sit quam universalium cognitio. Secundo oportet considerare
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1390 quod intellectus noster de potentia in actum procedit. Omne autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1391 quod procedit de potentia in actum, prius pervenit ad actum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1392 incompletum, qui est medius inter potentiam et actum, quam ad actum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1393 perfectum. Actus autem perfectus ad quem pervenit intellectus, est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1394 scientia completa, per quam distincte et determinate res
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1395 cognoscuntur. Actus autem incompletus est scientia imperfecta, per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1396 quam sciuntur res indistincte sub quadam confusione, quod enim sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1397 cognoscitur, secundum quid cognoscitur in actu, et quodammodo in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1398 potentia. Unde philosophus dicit, in I Physic., quod <i>sunt primo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1399 nobis manifesta et certa confusa magis; posterius autem cognoscimus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1400 distinguendo distincte principia et elementa</i>. Manifestum est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1401 autem quod cognoscere aliquid in quo plura continentur, sine hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1402 quod habeatur propria notitia uniuscuiusque eorum quae continentur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1403 in illo, est cognoscere aliquid sub confusione quadam. Sic autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1404 potest cognosci tam totum universale, in quo partes continentur in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1405 potentia, quam etiam totum integrale, utrumque enim totum potest
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1406 cognosci in quadam confusione, sine hoc quod partes distincte
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1407 cognoscantur. Cognoscere autem distincte id quod continetur in toto
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1408 universali, est habere cognitionem de re minus communi. Sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1409 cognoscere animal indistincte, est cognoscere animal inquantum est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1410 animal, cognoscere autem animal distincte, est cognoscere animal
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1411 inquantum est animal rationale vel irrationale, quod est cognoscere
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1412 hominem vel leonem. Prius igitur occurrit intellectui nostro
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1413 cognoscere animal quam cognoscere hominem, et eadem ratio est si
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1414 comparemus quodcumque magis universale ad minus universale. Et quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1415 sensus exit de potentia in actum sicut et intellectus, idem etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1416 ordo cognitionis apparet in sensu. Nam prius secundum sensum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1417 diiudicamus magis commune quam minus commune, et secundum locum et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1418 secundum tempus. Secundum locum quidem, sicut, cum aliquid videtur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1419 a remotis, prius deprehenditur esse corpus, quam deprehendatur esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1420 animal; et prius deprehenditur esse animal, quam deprehendatur esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1421 homo; et prius homo, quam Socrates vel Plato. Secundum tempus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1422 autem, quia puer a principio prius distinguit hominem a non homine,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1423 quam distinguat hunc hominem ab alio homine; et ideo <i>pueri a
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1424 principio appellant omnes viros patres, posterius autem determinant
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1425 unumquemque</i>, ut dicitur in I Physic. Et huius ratio manifesta
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1426 est. Quia qui scit aliquid indistincte, adhuc est in potentia ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1427 sciat distinctionis principium; sicut qui scit genus, est in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1428 potentia ut sciat differentiam. Et sic patet quod cognitio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1429 indistincta media est inter potentiam et actum. Est ergo dicendum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1430 quod cognitio singularium est prior quoad nos quam cognitio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1431 universalium, sicut cognitio sensitiva quam cognitio intellectiva.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1432 Sed tam secundum sensum quam secundum intellectum, cognitio magis
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1433 communis est prior quam cognitio minus communis.</p><p title="I q. 85 a. 3 ad 1"><a name="32036"><span class="ref">[32036] Iª q. 85 a. 3 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1434 dicendum quod universale dupliciter potest considerari. Uno modo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1435 secundum quod natura universalis consideratur simul cum intentione
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1436 universalitatis. Et cum intentio universalitatis, ut scilicet unum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1437 et idem habeat habitudinem ad multa, proveniat ex abstractione
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1438 intellectus, oportet quod secundum hunc modum universale sit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1439 posterius. Unde in I de anima dicitur quod <i>animal universale aut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1440 nihil est, aut posterius est</i>. Sed secundum Platonem, qui posuit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1441 universalia subsistentia, secundum hanc considerationem universale
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1442 esset prius quam particularia, quae secundum eum non sunt nisi per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1443 participationem universalium subsistentium, quae dicuntur ideae.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1444 Alio modo potest considerari quantum ad ipsam naturam, scilicet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1445 animalitatis vel humanitatis, prout invenitur in particularibus. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1446 sic dicendum est quod duplex est ordo naturae. Unus secundum viam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1447 generationis et temporis, secundum quam viam, ea quae sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1448 imperfecta et in potentia, sunt priora. Et hoc modo magis commune
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1449 est prius secundum naturam, quod apparet manifeste in generatione
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1450 hominis et animalis; nam prius generatur animal quam homo, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1451 dicitur in libro de Generat. Animal. Alius est ordo perfectionis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1452 sive intentionis naturae; sicut actus simpliciter est prius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1453 secundum naturam quam potentia, et perfectum prius quam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1454 imperfectum. Et per hunc modum, minus commune est prius secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1455 naturam quam magis commune, ut homo quam animal, naturae enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1456 intentio non sistit in generatione animalis, sed intendit generare
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1457 hominem.</p><p title="I q. 85 a. 3 ad 2"><a name="32037"><span class="ref">[32037] Iª q. 85 a. 3 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1458 dicendum quod universale magis commune comparatur ad minus commune
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1459 ut totum et ut pars. Ut totum quidem, secundum quod in magis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1460 universali non solum continetur in potentia minus universale, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1461 etiam alia; ut sub animali non solum homo, sed etiam equus. Ut pars
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1462 autem, secundum quod minus commune continet in sui ratione non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1463 solum magis commune, sed etiam alia; ut homo non solum animal, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1464 etiam rationale. Sic igitur animal consideratum in se, prius est in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1465 nostra cognitione quam homo; sed homo est prius in nostra
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1466 cognitione quam quod animal sit pars rationis eius.</p><p title="I q. 85 a. 3 ad 3"><a name="32038"><span class="ref">[32038] Iª q. 85 a. 3 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1467 dicendum quod pars aliqua dupliciter potest cognosci. Uno modo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1468 absolute, secundum quod in se est, et sic nihil prohibet prius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1469 cognoscere partes quam totum, ut lapides quam domum. Alio modo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1470 secundum quod sunt partes huius totius, et sic necesse est quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1471 prius cognoscamus totum quam partes; prius enim cognoscimus domum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1472 quadam confusa cognitione, quam distinguamus singulas partes eius.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1473 Sic igitur dicendum est quod definientia, absolute considerata,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1474 sunt prius nota quam definitum, alioquin non notificaretur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1475 definitum per ea. Sed secundum quod sunt partes definitionis, sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1476 sunt posterius nota, prius enim cognoscimus hominem quadam confusa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1477 cognitione, quam sciamus distinguere omnia quae sunt de hominis
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1478 ratione.</p><p title="I q. 85 a. 3 ad 4"><a name="32039"><span class="ref">[32039] Iª q. 85 a. 3 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1479 dicendum quod universale, secundum quod accipitur cum intentione
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1480 universalitatis, est quidem quodammodo principium cognoscendi,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1481 prout intentio universalitatis consequitur modum intelligendi qui
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1482 est per abstractionem. Non autem est necesse quod omne quod est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1483 principium cognoscendi, sit principium essendi, ut Plato
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1484 existimavit, cum quandoque cognoscamus causam per effectum, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1485 substantiam per accidentia. Unde universale sic acceptum, secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1486 sententiam Aristotelis, non est principium essendi, neque
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1487 substantia, ut patet in VII Metaphys. Si autem consideremus ipsam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1488 naturam generis et speciei prout est in singularibus, sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1489 quodammodo habet rationem principii formalis respectu singularium,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1490 nam singulare est propter materiam, ratio autem speciei sumitur ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1491 forma. Sed natura generis comparatur ad naturam speciei magis per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1492 modum materialis principii, quia natura generis sumitur ab eo quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1493 est materiale in re, ratio vero speciei ab eo quod est formale;
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1494 sicut ratio animalis a sensitivo, ratio vero hominis ab
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1495 intellectivo. Et inde est quod ultima naturae intentio est ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1496 speciem, non autem ad individuum, neque ad genus, quia forma est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1497 finis generationis, materia vero est propter formam. Non autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1498 oportet quod cuiuslibet causae vel principii cognitio sit posterior
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1499 quoad nos, cum quandoque cognoscamus per causas sensibiles,
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1500 effectus ignotos; quandoque autem e converso.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 4</h3><p title="I q. 85 a. 4 arg. 1"><a name="32040"><span class="ref">[32040] Iª q. 85 a. 4 arg. 1</span></a> Ad quartum sic
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1501 proceditur. Videtur quod possimus multa simul intelligere.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1502 Intellectus enim est supra tempus. Sed prius et posterius ad tempus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1503 pertinent. Ergo intellectus non intelligit diversa secundum prius
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1504 et posterius, sed simul.</p><p title="I q. 85 a. 4 arg. 2"><a name="32041"><span class="ref">[32041] Iª q. 85 a. 4 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea, nihil
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1505 prohibet diversas formas non oppositas simul eidem actu inesse,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1506 sicut odorem et colorem pomo. Sed species intelligibiles non sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1507 oppositae. Ergo nihil prohibet intellectum unum simul fieri in actu
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1508 secundum diversas species intelligibiles et sic potest multa simul
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1509 intelligere.</p><p title="I q. 85 a. 4 arg. 3"><a name="32042"><span class="ref">[32042] Iª q. 85 a. 4 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1510 intellectus simul intelligit aliquod totum, ut hominem vel domum.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1511 Sed in quolibet toto continentur multae partes. Ergo intellectus
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1512 simul multa intelligit.</p><p title="I q. 85 a. 4 arg. 4"><a name="32043"><span class="ref">[32043] Iª q. 85 a. 4 arg. 4</span></a> Praeterea, non
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1513 potest cognosci differentia unius ad alterum, nisi simul utrumque
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1514 apprehendatur, ut dicitur in libro de anima, et eadem ratio est de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1515 quacumque alia comparatione. Sed intellectus noster cognoscit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1516 differentiam et comparationem unius ad alterum. Ergo cognoscit
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1517 multa simul.</p><p title="I q. 85 a. 4 s. c."><a name="32044"><span class="ref">[32044] Iª q. 85 a. 4 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1518 quod dicitur in libro Topic., quod <i>intelligere est unum solum,
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1519 scire vero multa</i>.</p><p title="I q. 85 a. 4 co."><a name="32045"><span class="ref">[32045] Iª q. 85 a. 4 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1520 quod intellectus quidem potest multa intelligere per modum unius,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1521 non autem multa per modum multorum, dico autem per modum unius vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1522 multorum, per unam vel plures species intelligibiles. Nam modus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1523 cuiusque actionis consequitur formam quae est actionis principium.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1524 Quaecumque ergo intellectus potest intelligere sub una specie,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1525 simul intelligere potest, et inde est quod Deus omnia simul videt,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1526 quia omnia videt per unum, quod est essentia sua. Quaecumque vero
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1527 intellectus per diversas species intelligit, non simul intelligit.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1528 Et huius ratio est, quia impossibile est idem subiectum perfici
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1529 simul pluribus formis unius generis et diversarum specierum, sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1530 impossibile est quod idem corpus secundum idem simul coloretur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1531 diversis coloribus, vel figuretur diversis figuris. Omnes autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1532 species intelligibiles sunt unius generis, quia sunt perfectiones
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1533 unius intellectivae potentiae; licet res quarum sunt species, sint
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1534 diversorum generum. Impossibile est ergo quod idem intellectus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1535 simul perficiatur diversis speciebus intelligibilibus, ad
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1536 intelligendum diversa in actu.</p><p title="I q. 85 a. 4 ad 1"><a name="32046"><span class="ref">[32046] Iª q. 85 a. 4 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1537 dicendum quod intellectus est supra tempus quod est numerus motus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1538 corporalium rerum. Sed ipsa pluralitas specierum intelligibilium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1539 causat vicissitudinem quandam intelligibilium operationum, secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1540 quam una operatio est prior altera. Et hanc vicissitudinem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1541 Augustinus nominat tempus, cum dicit, VIII super Gen. ad Litt.,
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1542 quod <i>Deus movet creaturam spiritualem per tempus</i>.</p><p title="I q. 85 a. 4 ad 2"><a name="32047"><span class="ref">[32047] Iª q. 85 a. 4 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1543 dicendum quod non solum oppositae formae non possunt esse simul in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1544 eodem subiecto, sed nec quaecumque formae eiusdem generis, licet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1545 non sint oppositae, sicut patet per exemplum inductum de coloribus
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1546 et figuris.</p><p title="I q. 85 a. 4 ad 3"><a name="32048"><span class="ref">[32048] Iª q. 85 a. 4 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1547 dicendum quod partes possunt intelligi dupliciter. Uno modo, sub
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1548 quadam confusione, prout sunt in toto, et sic cognoscuntur per unam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1549 formam totius, et sic simul cognoscuntur. Alio modo, cognitione
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1550 distincta, secundum quod quaelibet cognoscitur per suam speciem, et
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1551 sic non simul intelliguntur.</p><p title="I q. 85 a. 4 ad 4"><a name="32049"><span class="ref">[32049] Iª q. 85 a. 4 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1552 dicendum quod quando intellectus intelligit differentiam vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1553 comparationem unius ad alterum, cognoscit utrumque differentium vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1554 comparatorum sub ratione ipsius comparationis vel differentiae;
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1555 sicut dictum est quod cognoscit partes sub ratione totius.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 5</h3><p title="I q. 85 a. 5 arg. 1"><a name="32050"><span class="ref">[32050] Iª q. 85 a. 5 arg. 1</span></a> Ad quintum sic
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1556 proceditur. Videtur quod intellectus noster non intelligat
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1557 componendo et dividendo. Compositio enim et divisio non est nisi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1558 multorum. Sed intellectus non potest simul multa intelligere. Ergo
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1559 non potest intelligere componendo et dividendo.</p><p title="I q. 85 a. 5 arg. 2"><a name="32051"><span class="ref">[32051] Iª q. 85 a. 5 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea, omni
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1560 compositioni et divisioni adiungitur tempus praesens, praeteritum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1561 vel futurum. Sed intellectus abstrahit a tempore, sicut etiam ab
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1562 aliis particularibus conditionibus. Ergo intellectus non intelligit
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1563 componendo et dividendo.</p><p title="I q. 85 a. 5 arg. 3"><a name="32052"><span class="ref">[32052] Iª q. 85 a. 5 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1564 intellectus intelligit per assimilationem ad res. Sed compositio et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1565 divisio nihil est in rebus, nihil enim invenitur in rebus nisi res
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1566 quae significatur per praedicatum et subiectum, quae est una et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1567 eadem si compositio est vera; homo enim est vere id quod est
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1568 animal. Ergo intellectus non componit et dividit.</p><p title="I q. 85 a. 5 s. c."><a name="32053"><span class="ref">[32053] Iª q. 85 a. 5 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra, voces
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1569 significant conceptiones intellectus, ut dicit philosophus in I
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1570 Periherm. Sed in vocibus est compositio et divisio; ut patet in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1571 propositionibus affirmativis et negativis. Ergo intellectus
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1572 componit et dividit.</p><p title="I q. 85 a. 5 co."><a name="32054"><span class="ref">[32054] Iª q. 85 a. 5 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1573 quod intellectus humanus necesse habet intelligere componendo et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1574 dividendo. Cum enim intellectus humanus exeat de potentia in actum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1575 similitudinem quandam habet cum rebus generabilibus, quae non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1576 statim perfectionem suam habent, sed eam successive acquirunt. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1577 similiter intellectus humanus non statim in prima apprehensione
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1578 capit perfectam rei cognitionem; sed primo apprehendit aliquid de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1579 ipsa, puta quidditatem ipsius rei, quae est primum et proprium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1580 obiectum intellectus; et deinde intelligit proprietates et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1581 accidentia et habitudines circumstantes rei essentiam. Et secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1582 hoc, necesse habet unum apprehensum alii componere vel dividere; et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1583 ex una compositione vel divisione ad aliam procedere, quod est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1584 ratiocinari. Intellectus autem angelicus et divinus se habet sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1585 res incorruptibiles, quae statim a principio habent suam totam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1586 perfectionem. Unde intellectus angelicus et divinus statim perfecte
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1587 totam rei cognitionem habet. Unde in cognoscendo quidditatem rei,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1588 cognoscit de re simul quidquid nos cognoscere possumus componendo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1589 et dividendo et ratiocinando. Et ideo intellectus humanus cognoscit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1590 componendo et dividendo, sicut et ratiocinando. Intellectus autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1591 divinus et angelicus cognoscunt quidem compositionem et divisionem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1592 et ratiocinationem, non componendo et dividendo et ratiocinando,
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1593 sed per intellectum simplicis quidditatis.</p><p title="I q. 85 a. 5 ad 1"><a name="32055"><span class="ref">[32055] Iª q. 85 a. 5 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1594 dicendum quod compositio et divisio intellectus secundum quandam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1595 differentiam vel comparationem fit. Unde sic intellectus cognoscit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1596 multa componendo et dividendo, sicut cognoscendo differentiam vel
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1597 comparationem rerum.</p><p title="I q. 85 a. 5 ad 2"><a name="32056"><span class="ref">[32056] Iª q. 85 a. 5 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1598 dicendum quod intellectus et abstrahit a phantasmatibus; et tamen
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1599 non intelligit actu nisi convertendo se ad phantasmata, sicut supra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1600 dictum est. Et ex ea parte qua se ad phantasmata convertit,
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1601 compositioni et divisioni intellectus adiungitur tempus.</p><p title="I q. 85 a. 5 ad 3"><a name="32057"><span class="ref">[32057] Iª q. 85 a. 5 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1602 dicendum quod similitudo rei recipitur in intellectu secundum modum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1603 intellectus, et non secundum modum rei. Unde compositioni et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1604 divisioni intellectus respondet quidem aliquid ex parte rei; tamen
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1605 non eodem modo se habet in re, sicut in intellectu. Intellectus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1606 enim humani proprium obiectum est quidditas rei materialis, quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1607 sub sensu et imaginatione cadit. Invenitur autem duplex compositio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1608 in re materiali. Prima quidem, formae ad materiam, et huic
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1609 respondet compositio intellectus qua totum universale de sua parte
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1610 praedicatur; nam genus sumitur a materia communi, differentia vero
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1611 completiva speciei a forma, particulare vero a materia individuali.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1612 Secunda vero compositio est accidentis ad subiectum, et huic reali
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1613 compositioni respondet compositio intellectus secundum quam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1614 praedicatur accidens de subiecto, ut cum dicitur, homo est albus.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1615 Tamen differt compositio intellectus a compositione rei, nam ea
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1616 quae componuntur in re, sunt diversa; compositio autem intellectus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1617 est signum identitatis eorum quae componuntur. Non enim intellectus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1618 sic componit, ut dicat quod homo est albedo; sed dicit quod homo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1619 est albus, idest habens albedinem, idem autem est subiecto quod est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1620 homo, et quod est habens albedinem. Et simile est de compositione
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1621 formae et materiae, nam animal significat id quod habet naturam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1622 sensitivam, rationale vero quod habet naturam intellectivam, homo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1623 vero quod habet utrumque, Socrates vero quod habet omnia haec cum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1624 materia individuali; et secundum hanc identitatis rationem,
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1625 intellectus noster unum componit alteri praedicando.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 6</h3><p title="I q. 85 a. 6 arg. 1"><a name="32058"><span class="ref">[32058] Iª q. 85 a. 6 arg. 1</span></a> Ad sextum sic
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1626 proceditur. Videtur quod intellectus possit esse falsus. Dicit enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1627 philosophus, in VI Metaphys., quod <i>verum et falsum sunt in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1628 mente</i>. Mens autem et intellectus idem sunt, ut supra dictum
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1629 est. Ergo falsitas est in intellectu.</p><p title="I q. 85 a. 6 arg. 2"><a name="32059"><span class="ref">[32059] Iª q. 85 a. 6 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1630 opinio et ratiocinatio ad intellectum pertinent. Sed in utraque
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1631 istarum invenitur falsitas. Ergo potest esse falsitas in
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1632 intellectu.</p><p title="I q. 85 a. 6 arg. 3"><a name="32060"><span class="ref">[32060] Iª q. 85 a. 6 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1633 peccatum in parte intellectiva est. Sed peccatum cum falsitate est,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1634 errant enim qui operantur malum, ut dicitur Prov. XIV. Ergo
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1635 falsitas potest esse in intellectu.</p><p title="I q. 85 a. 6 s. c."><a name="32061"><span class="ref">[32061] Iª q. 85 a. 6 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1636 quod dicit Augustinus, in libro octoginta trium quaest., quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1637 <i>omnis qui fallitur, id in quo fallitur non intelligit</i>. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1638 philosophus dicit, in libro de anima, quod <i>intellectus semper
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1639 est rectus</i>.</p><p title="I q. 85 a. 6 co."><a name="32062"><span class="ref">[32062] Iª q. 85 a. 6 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1640 quod philosophus, in III de anima, comparat, quantum ad hoc,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1641 intellectum sensui. Sensus enim circa proprium obiectum non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1642 decipitur, sicut visus circa colorem; nisi forte per accidens, ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1643 impedimento circa organum contingente, sicut cum gustus febrientium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1644 dulcia iudicat amara, propter hoc quod lingua malis humoribus est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1645 repleta. Circa sensibilia vero communia decipitur sensus, sicut in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1646 diiudicando de magnitudine vel figura; ut cum iudicat solem esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1647 pedalem, qui tamen est maior terra. Et multo magis decipitur circa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1648 sensibilia per accidens; ut cum iudicat fel esse mel, propter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1649 coloris similitudinem. Et huius ratio est in evidenti. Quia ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1650 proprium obiectum unaquaeque potentia per se ordinatur, secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1651 quod ipsa. Quae autem sunt huiusmodi, semper eodem modo se habent.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1652 Unde manente potentia, non deficit eius iudicium circa proprium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1653 obiectum. Obiectum autem proprium intellectus est quidditas rei.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1654 Unde circa quidditatem rei, per se loquendo, intellectus non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1655 fallitur. Sed circa ea quae circumstant rei essentiam vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1656 quidditatem, intellectus potest falli, dum unum ordinat ad aliud,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1657 vel componendo vel dividendo vel etiam ratiocinando. Et propter hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1658 etiam circa illas propositiones errare non potest, quae statim
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1659 cognoscuntur cognita terminorum quidditate, sicut accidit circa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1660 prima principia, ex quibus etiam accidit infallibilitas veritatis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1661 secundum certitudinem scientiae, circa conclusiones. Per accidens
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1662 tamen contingit intellectum decipi circa quod quid est in rebus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1663 compositis; non ex parte organi, quia intellectus non est virtus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1664 utens organo; sed ex parte compositionis intervenientis circa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1665 definitionem, dum vel definitio unius rei est falsa de alia, sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1666 definitio circuli de triangulo, vel dum aliqua definitio in seipsa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1667 est falsa, implicans compositionem impossibilium, ut si accipiatur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1668 hoc ut definitio alicuius rei, animal rationale alatum. Unde in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1669 rebus simplicibus, in quarum definitionibus compositio intervenire
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1670 non potest, non possumus decipi; sed deficimus in totaliter non
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1671 attingendo, sicut dicitur in IX Metaphys.</p><p title="I q. 85 a. 6 ad 1"><a name="32063"><span class="ref">[32063] Iª q. 85 a. 6 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1672 dicendum quod falsitatem dicit esse philosophus in mente secundum
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1673 compositionem et divisionem.</p><p title="I q. 85 a. 6 ad 2"><a name="32064"><span class="ref">[32064] Iª q. 85 a. 6 ad 2</span></a> Et similiter
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1674 dicendum est ad secundum, de opinione et ratiocinatione.</p><p title="I q. 85 a. 6 ad 3"><a name="32065"><span class="ref">[32065] Iª q. 85 a. 6 ad 3</span></a> Et ad tertium, de
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1675 errore peccantium, qui consistit in applicatione ad appetibile. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1676 in absoluta consideratione quidditatis rei, et eorum quae per eam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1677 cognoscuntur, intellectus nunquam decipitur. Et sic loquuntur
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1678 auctoritates in contrarium inductae.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 7</h3><p title="I q. 85 a. 7 arg. 1"><a name="32066"><span class="ref">[32066] Iª q. 85 a. 7 arg. 1</span></a> Ad septimum sic
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1679 proceditur. Videtur quod unam et eandem rem unus alio melius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1680 intelligere non possit. Dicit enim Augustinus, in libro octoginta
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1681 trium quaest., <i>quisquis ullam rem aliter quam est intelligit non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1682 eam intelligit. Quare non est dubitandum esse perfectam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1683 intelligentiam, qua praestantior esse non possit; et ideo non per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1684 infinitum ire quod quaelibet res intelligitur; nec eam posse alium
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1685 alio plus intelligere</i>.</p><p title="I q. 85 a. 7 arg. 2"><a name="32067"><span class="ref">[32067] Iª q. 85 a. 7 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1686 intellectus intelligendo verus est. Veritas autem, cum sit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1687 aequalitas quaedam intellectus et rei, non recipit magis et minus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1688 non enim proprie dicitur aliquid magis et minus aequale. Ergo neque
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1689 magis et minus aliquid intelligi dicitur.</p><p title="I q. 85 a. 7 arg. 3"><a name="32068"><span class="ref">[32068] Iª q. 85 a. 7 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1690 intellectus est id quod est formalissimum in homine. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1691 differentia formae causat differentiam speciei. Si igitur unus homo
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1692 magis alio intelligit, videtur quod non sint unius speciei.</p><p title="I q. 85 a. 7 s. c."><a name="32069"><span class="ref">[32069] Iª q. 85 a. 7 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1693 quod per experimentum inveniuntur aliqui aliis profundius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1694 intelligentes; sicut profundius intelligit qui conclusionem aliquam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1695 potest reducere in prima principia et causas primas, quam qui
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1696 potest reducere solum in causas proximas.</p><p title="I q. 85 a. 7 co."><a name="32070"><span class="ref">[32070] Iª q. 85 a. 7 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1697 quod aliquem intelligere unam et eandem rem magis quam alium,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1698 potest intelligi dupliciter. Uno modo, sic quod ly magis determinet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1699 actum intelligendi ex parte rei intellectae. Et sic non potest unus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1700 eandem rem magis intelligere quam alius, quia si intelligeret eam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1701 aliter esse quam sit, vel melius vel peius, falleretur, et non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1702 intelligeret ut arguit Augustinus. Alio modo potest intelligi ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1703 determinet actum intelligendi ex parte intelligentis. Et sic unus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1704 alio potest eandem rem melius intelligere, quia est melioris
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1705 virtutis in intelligendo; sicut melius videt visione corporali rem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1706 aliquam qui est perfectioris virtutis, et in quo virtus visiva est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1707 perfectior. Hoc autem circa intellectum contingit dupliciter. Uno
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1708 quidem modo, ex parte ipsius intellectus, qui est perfectior.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1709 Manifestum est enim quod quanto corpus est melius dispositum, tanto
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1710 meliorem sortitur animam, quod manifeste apparet in his quae sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1711 secundum speciem diversa. Cuius ratio est, quia actus et forma
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1712 recipitur in materia secundum materiae capacitatem. Unde cum etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1713 in hominibus quidam habeant corpus melius dispositum, sortiuntur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1714 animam maioris virtutis in intelligendo, unde dicitur in II de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1715 anima quod <i>molles carne bene aptos mente videmus</i>. Alio modo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1716 contingit hoc ex parte inferiorum virtutum, quibus intellectus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1717 indiget ad sui operationem, illi enim in quibus virtus imaginativa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1718 et cogitativa et memorativa est melius disposita, sunt melius
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1719 dispositi ad intelligendum.</p><p title="I q. 85 a. 7 ad 1"><a name="32071"><span class="ref">[32071] Iª q. 85 a. 7 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1720 patet solutio ex dictis.</p><p title="I q. 85 a. 7 ad 2"><a name="32072"><span class="ref">[32072] Iª q. 85 a. 7 ad 2</span></a> Et similiter ad
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1721 secundum, veritas enim intellectus in hoc consistit, quod
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1722 intelligatur res esse sicuti est.</p><p title="I q. 85 a. 7 ad 3"><a name="32073"><span class="ref">[32073] Iª q. 85 a. 7 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1723 dicendum quod differentia formae quae non provenit nisi ex diversa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1724 dispositione materiae, non facit diversitatem secundum speciem, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1725 solum secundum numerum; sunt enim diversorum individuorum diversae
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1726 formae, secundum materiam diversificatae.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 8</h3><p title="I q. 85 a. 8 arg. 1"><a name="32074"><span class="ref">[32074] Iª q. 85 a. 8 arg. 1</span></a> Ad octavum sic
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1727 proceditur. Videtur quod intellectus noster per prius cognoscat
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1728 indivisibile quam divisibile. Dicit enim philosophus, in I Physic.,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1729 quod <i>intelligimus et scimus ex principiorum et elementorum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1730 cognitione</i>. Sed indivisibilia sunt principia et elementa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1731 divisibilium. Ergo per prius sunt nobis nota indivisibilia quam
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1732 divisibilia.</p><p title="I q. 85 a. 8 arg. 2"><a name="32075"><span class="ref">[32075] Iª q. 85 a. 8 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea, id
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1733 quod ponitur in definitione alicuius, per prius cognoscitur a
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1734 nobis, quia definitio est ex prioribus et notioribus, ut dicitur in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1735 VI Topic. Sed indivisibile ponitur in definitione divisibilis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1736 sicut <i>linea enim</i>, ut Euclides dicit, <i>est longitudo sine
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1737 latitudine, cuius extremitates sunt duo puncta</i>. Et unitas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1738 ponitur in definitione numeri, quia numerus est multitudo mensurata
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1739 per unum, ut dicitur in X Metaphys. Ergo intellectus noster per
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1740 prius intelligit indivisibile quam divisibile.</p><p title="I q. 85 a. 8 arg. 3"><a name="32076"><span class="ref">[32076] Iª q. 85 a. 8 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1741 simile simili cognoscitur. Sed indivisibile est magis simile
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1742 intellectui quam divisibile, quia intellectus est simplex, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1743 dicitur in III de anima. Ergo intellectus noster prius cognoscit
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1744 indivisibile.</p><p title="I q. 85 a. 8 s. c."><a name="32077"><span class="ref">[32077] Iª q. 85 a. 8 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1745 quod dicitur in III de anima, quod <i>indivisibile monstratur sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1746 privatio</i>. Sed privatio per posterius cognoscitur. Ergo et
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1747 indivisibile.</p><p title="I q. 85 a. 8 co."><a name="32078"><span class="ref">[32078] Iª q. 85 a. 8 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1748 quod obiectum intellectus nostri, secundum praesentem statum, est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1749 quidditas rei materialis, quam a phantasmatibus abstrahit, ut ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1750 praemissis patet. Et quia id quod est primo et per se cognitum a
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1751 virtute cognoscitiva, est proprium eius obiectum, considerari
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1752 potest quo ordine indivisibile intelligatur a nobis, ex eius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1753 habitudine ad huiusmodi quidditatem. Dicitur autem indivisibile
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1754 tripliciter, ut dicitur in III de anima. Uno modo, sicut continuum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1755 est indivisibile, quia est indivisum in actu, licet sit divisibile
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1756 in potentia. Et huiusmodi indivisibile prius est intellectum a
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1757 nobis quam eius divisio, quae est in partes, quia cognitio confusa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1758 est prior quam distincta, ut dictum est. Alio modo dicitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1759 indivisibile secundum speciem, sicut ratio hominis est quoddam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1760 indivisibile. Et hoc etiam modo indivisibile est prius intellectum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1761 quam divisio eius in partes rationis, ut supra dictum est, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1762 iterum prius quam intellectus componat et dividat, affirmando vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1763 negando. Et huius ratio est, quia huiusmodi duplex indivisibile
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1764 intellectus secundum se intelligit, sicut proprium obiectum. Tertio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1765 modo dicitur indivisibile quod est omnino indivisibile, ut punctus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1766 et unitas, quae nec actu nec potentia dividuntur. Et huiusmodi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1767 indivisibile per posterius cognoscitur, per privationem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1768 divisibilis. Unde punctum privative definitur, punctum est cuius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1769 pars non est, et similiter ratio unius est quod sit indivisibile,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1770 ut dicitur in X Metaphys. Et huius ratio est, quia tale
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1771 indivisibile habet quandam oppositionem ad rem corporalem, cuius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1772 quidditatem primo et per se intellectus accipit. Si autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1773 intellectus noster intelligeret per participationem indivisibilium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1774 separatorum, ut Platonici posuerunt, sequeretur quod indivisibile
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1775 huiusmodi esset primo intellectum, quia secundum Platonicos, priora
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1776 prius participantur a rebus.</p><p title="I q. 85 a. 8 ad 1"><a name="32079"><span class="ref">[32079] Iª q. 85 a. 8 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1777 dicendum quod in accipiendo scientiam, non semper principia et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1778 elementa sunt priora, quia quandoque ex effectibus sensibilibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1779 devenimus in cognitionem principiorum et causarum intelligibilium.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1780 Sed in complemento scientiae, semper scientia effectuum dependet ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1781 cognitione principiorum et elementorum, quia, ut ibidem dicit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1782 philosophus, <i>tunc opinamur nos scire, cum principiata possumus
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1783 in causas resolvere</i>.</p><p title="I q. 85 a. 8 ad 2"><a name="32080"><span class="ref">[32080] Iª q. 85 a. 8 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1784 dicendum quod punctum non ponitur in definitione lineae communiter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1785 sumptae, manifestum est enim quod in linea infinita, et etiam in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1786 circulari, non est punctum nisi in potentia. Sed Euclides definit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1787 lineam finitam rectam, et ideo posuit punctum in definitione
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1788 lineae, sicut terminum in definitione terminati. Unitas vero est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1789 mensura numeri, et ideo ponitur in definitione numeri mensurati.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1790 Non autem ponitur in definitione divisibilis, sed magis e
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1791 converso.</p><p title="I q. 85 a. 8 ad 3"><a name="32081"><span class="ref">[32081] Iª q. 85 a. 8 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1792 dicendum quod similitudo per quam intelligimus, est species cogniti
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1793 in cognoscente. Et ideo non secundum similitudinem naturae ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1794 potentiam cognoscitivam est aliquid prius cognitum, sed per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1795 convenientiam ad obiectum, alioquin magis visus cognosceret auditum
59 03759e5c1080 fix multi-para s.c. ht parents: 53 diff changeset	1796 quam colorem.</p></div></div><div id="q86" class="q"><h2>Quaestio 86</h2><div class="p"><h3>Prooemium</h3><p title="I q. 86 pr."><a name="32082"><span class="ref">[32082]
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1797 Iª q. 86 pr.</span></a> Deinde considerandum est quid
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1798 intellectus noster in rebus materialibus cognoscat. Et circa hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1799 quaeruntur quatuor. Primo, utrum cognoscat singularia. Secundo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1800 utrum cognoscat infinita. Tertio, utrum cognoscat contingentia.
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1801 Quarto, utrum cognoscat futura.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 1</h3><p title="I q. 86 a. 1 arg. 1"><a name="32083"><span class="ref">[32083] Iª q. 86 a. 1 arg. 1</span></a> Ad primum sic
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1802 proceditur. Videtur quod intellectus noster cognoscat singularia.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1803 Quicumque enim cognoscit compositionem, cognoscit extrema
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1804 compositionis. Sed intellectus noster cognoscit hanc compositionem.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1805 Socrates est homo, eius enim est propositionem formare. Ergo
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1806 intellectus noster cognoscit hoc singulare quod est Socrates.</p><p title="I q. 86 a. 1 arg. 2"><a name="32084"><span class="ref">[32084] Iª q. 86 a. 1 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1807 intellectus practicus dirigit ad agendum. Sed actus sunt circa
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1808 singularia. Ergo cognoscit singularia.</p><p title="I q. 86 a. 1 arg. 3"><a name="32085"><span class="ref">[32085] Iª q. 86 a. 1 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1809 intellectus noster intelligit seipsum. Ipse autem est quoddam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1810 singulare, alioquin non haberet aliquem actum; actus enim
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1811 singularium sunt. Ergo intellectus noster cognoscit singulare.</p><p title="I q. 86 a. 1 arg. 4"><a name="32086"><span class="ref">[32086] Iª q. 86 a. 1 arg. 4</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1812 quidquid potest virtus inferior, potest superior. Sed sensus
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1813 cognoscit singulare. Ergo multo magis intellectus.</p><p title="I q. 86 a. 1 s. c."><a name="32087"><span class="ref">[32087] Iª q. 86 a. 1 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1814 quod dicit philosophus, in I Physic., quod <i>universale secundum
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1815 rationem est notum, singulare autem secundum sensum</i>.</p><p title="I q. 86 a. 1 co."><a name="32088"><span class="ref">[32088] Iª q. 86 a. 1 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1816 quod singulare in rebus materialibus intellectus noster directe et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1817 primo cognoscere non potest. Cuius ratio est, quia principium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1818 singularitatis in rebus materialibus est materia individualis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1819 intellectus autem noster, sicut supra dictum est, intelligit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1820 abstrahendo speciem intelligibilem ab huiusmodi materia. Quod autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1821 a materia individuali abstrahitur, est universale. Unde intellectus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1822 noster directe non est cognoscitivus nisi universalium. Indirecte
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1823 autem, et quasi per quandam reflexionem, potest cognoscere
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1824 singulare, quia, sicut supra dictum est, etiam postquam species
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1825 intelligibiles abstraxit, non potest secundum eas actu intelligere
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1826 nisi convertendo se ad phantasmata, in quibus species
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1827 intelligibiles intelligit, ut dicitur in III de anima. Sic igitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1828 ipsum universale per speciem intelligibilem directe intelligit;
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1829 indirecte autem singularia, quorum sunt phantasmata. Et hoc modo
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1830 format hanc propositionem, Socrates est homo.</p><p title="I q. 86 a. 1 ad 1"><a name="32089"><span class="ref">[32089] Iª q. 86 a. 1 ad 1</span></a> Unde patet solutio
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1831 ad primum.</p><p title="I q. 86 a. 1 ad 2"><a name="32090"><span class="ref">[32090] Iª q. 86 a. 1 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1832 dicendum quod electio particularis operabilis est quasi conclusio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1833 syllogismi intellectus practici, ut dicitur in VII Ethic. Ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1834 universali autem propositione directe non potest concludi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1835 singularis, nisi mediante aliqua singulari propositione assumpta.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1836 Unde universalis ratio intellectus practici non movet nisi mediante
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1837 particulari apprehensione sensitivae partis, ut dicitur in III de
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1838 anima.</p><p title="I q. 86 a. 1 ad 3"><a name="32091"><span class="ref">[32091] Iª q. 86 a. 1 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1839 dicendum quod singulare non repugnat intelligibilitati inquantum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1840 est singulare, sed inquantum est materiale, quia nihil intelligitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1841 nisi immaterialiter. Et ideo si sit aliquod singulare immateriale,
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1842 sicut est intellectus, hoc non repugnat intelligibilitati.</p><p title="I q. 86 a. 1 ad 4"><a name="32092"><span class="ref">[32092] Iª q. 86 a. 1 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1843 dicendum quod virtus superior potest illud quod potest virtus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1844 inferior, sed eminentiori modo. Unde id quod cognoscit sensus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1845 materialiter et concrete, quod est cognoscere singulare directe,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1846 hoc cognoscit intellectus immaterialiter et abstracte, quod est
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1847 cognoscere universale.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 2</h3><p title="I q. 86 a. 2 arg. 1"><a name="32093"><span class="ref">[32093] Iª q. 86 a. 2 arg. 1</span></a> Ad secundum sic
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1848 proceditur. Videtur quod intellectus noster possit cognoscere
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1849 infinita. Deus enim excedit omnia infinita. Sed intellectus noster
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1850 potest cognoscere Deum, ut supra dictum est. Ergo multo magis
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1851 potest cognoscere omnia alia infinita.</p><p title="I q. 86 a. 2 arg. 2"><a name="32094"><span class="ref">[32094] Iª q. 86 a. 2 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1852 intellectus noster natus est cognoscere genera et species. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1853 quorundam generum sunt infinitae species, sicut numeri,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1854 proportionis et figurae. Ergo intellectus noster potest cognoscere
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1855 infinita.</p><p title="I q. 86 a. 2 arg. 3"><a name="32095"><span class="ref">[32095] Iª q. 86 a. 2 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea, si
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1856 unum corpus non impediret aliud ab existendo in uno et eodem loco,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1857 nihil prohiberet infinita corpora in uno loco esse. Sed una species
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1858 intelligibilis non prohibet aliam ab existendo simul in eodem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1859 intellectu, contingit enim multa scire in habitu. Ergo nihil
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1860 prohibet intellectum nostrum infinitorum scientiam habere in
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1861 habitu.</p><p title="I q. 86 a. 2 arg. 4"><a name="32096"><span class="ref">[32096] Iª q. 86 a. 2 arg. 4</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1862 intellectus, cum non sit virtus materiae corporalis, ut supra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1863 dictum est, videtur esse potentia infinita. Sed virtus infinita
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1864 potest super infinita. Ergo intellectus noster potest cognoscere
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1865 infinita.</p><p title="I q. 86 a. 2 s. c."><a name="32097"><span class="ref">[32097] Iª q. 86 a. 2 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1866 quod dicitur in I Physic., quod <i>infinitum, inquantum est
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1867 infinitum, est ignotum</i>.</p><p title="I q. 86 a. 2 co."><a name="32098"><span class="ref">[32098] Iª q. 86 a. 2 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1868 quod, cum potentia proportionetur suo obiecto, oportet hoc modo se
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1869 habere intellectum ad infinitum, sicut se habet eius obiectum, quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1870 est quidditas rei materialis. In rebus autem materialibus non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1871 invenitur infinitum in actu, sed solum in potentia, secundum quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1872 unum succedit alteri, ut dicitur in III Physic. Et ideo in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1873 intellectu nostro invenitur infinitum in potentia, in accipiendo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1874 scilicet unum post aliud, quia nunquam intellectus noster tot
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1875 intelligit, quin possit plura intelligere. Actu autem vel habitu
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1876 non potest cognoscere infinita intellectus noster. Actu quidem non,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1877 quia intellectus noster non potest simul actu cognoscere nisi quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1878 per unam speciem cognoscit. Infinitum autem non habet unam speciem,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1879 alioquin haberet rationem totius et perfecti. Et ideo non potest
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1880 intelligi nisi accipiendo partem post partem, ut ex eius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1881 definitione patet in III Physic., <i>est enim infinitum cuius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1882 quantitatem accipientibus semper est aliquid extra accipere</i>, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1883 sic infinitum cognosci non posset actu, nisi omnes partes eius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1884 numerarentur, quod est impossibile. Et eadem ratione non possumus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1885 intelligere infinita in habitu. In nobis enim habitualis cognitio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1886 causatur ex actuali consideratione, intelligendo enim efficimur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1887 scientes, ut dicitur in II Ethic. Unde non possemus habere habitum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1888 infinitorum secundum distinctam cognitionem, nisi consideravissemus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1889 omnia infinita, numerando ea secundum cognitionis successionem,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1890 quod est impossibile. Et ita nec actu nec habitu intellectus noster
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1891 potest cognoscere infinita, sed in potentia tantum, ut dictum
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1892 est.</p><p title="I q. 86 a. 2 ad 1"><a name="32099"><span class="ref">[32099] Iª q. 86 a. 2 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1893 dicendum quod, sicut supra dictum est, Deus dicitur infinitus sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1894 forma quae non est terminata per aliquam materiam, in rebus autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1895 materialibus aliquid dicitur infinitum per privationem formalis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1896 terminationis. Et quia forma secundum se nota est, materia autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1897 sine forma ignota, inde est quod infinitum materiale est secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1898 se ignotum. Infinitum autem formale, quod est Deus, est secundum se
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1899 notum, ignotum autem quoad nos, propter defectum intellectus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1900 nostri, qui secundum statum praesentis vitae habet naturalem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1901 aptitudinem ad materialia cognoscenda. Et ideo in praesenti Deum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1902 cognoscere non possumus nisi per materiales effectus. In futuro
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1903 autem tolletur defectus intellectus nostri per gloriam, et tunc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1904 ipsum Deum in sua essentia videre poterimus, tamen absque
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1905 comprehensione.</p><p title="I q. 86 a. 2 ad 2"><a name="32100"><span class="ref">[32100] Iª q. 86 a. 2 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1906 dicendum quod intellectus noster natus est cognoscere species per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1907 abstractionem a phantasmatibus. Et ideo illas species numerorum et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1908 figurarum quas quis non est imaginatus, non potest cognoscere nec
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1909 actu nec habitu, nisi forte in genere et in principiis
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1910 universalibus; quod est cognoscere in potentia et confuse.</p><p title="I q. 86 a. 2 ad 3"><a name="32101"><span class="ref">[32101] Iª q. 86 a. 2 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1911 dicendum quod, si duo corpora essent in uno loco, vel plura, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1912 oporteret quod successive subintrarent locum, ut sic per ipsam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1913 subintrationis successionem numerarentur locata. Sed species
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1914 intelligibiles ingrediuntur intellectum nostrum successive, quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1915 non multa simul actu intelliguntur. Et ideo oportet numeratas, et
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1916 non infinitas species esse in intellectu nostro.</p><p title="I q. 86 a. 2 ad 4"><a name="32102"><span class="ref">[32102] Iª q. 86 a. 2 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1917 dicendum quod sicut intellectus noster est infinitus virtute, ita
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1918 infinitum cognoscit. Est enim virtus eius infinita, secundum quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1919 non terminatur per materiam corporalem. Et est cognoscitivus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1920 universalis, quod est abstractum a materia individuali, et per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1921 consequens non finitur ad aliquod individuum, sed, quantum est de
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1922 se, ad infinita individua se extendit.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 3</h3><p title="I q. 86 a. 3 arg. 1"><a name="32103"><span class="ref">[32103] Iª q. 86 a. 3 arg. 1</span></a> Ad tertium sic
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1923 proceditur. Videtur quod intellectus non sit cognoscitivus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1924 contingentium. Quia, ut dicitur in VI Ethic., intellectus et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1925 sapientia et scientia non sunt contingentium, sed
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1926 necessariorum.</p><p title="I q. 86 a. 3 arg. 2"><a name="32104"><span class="ref">[32104] Iª q. 86 a. 3 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea, sicut
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1927 dicitur in IV Physic., <i>ea quae quandoque sunt et quandoque non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1928 sunt, tempore mensurantur</i>. Intellectus autem a tempore
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1929 abstrahit, sicut et ab aliis conditionibus materiae. Cum igitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1930 proprium contingentium sit quandoque esse et quandoque non esse,
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1931 videtur quod contingentia non cognoscantur ab intellectu.</p><p title="I q. 86 a. 3 s. c."><a name="32105"><span class="ref">[32105] Iª q. 86 a. 3 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra, omnis
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1932 scientia est in intellectu. Sed quaedam scientiae sunt de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1933 contingentibus; sicut scientiae morales, quae sunt de actibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1934 humanis subiectis libero arbitrio; et etiam scientiae naturales,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1935 quantum ad partem quae tractat de generabilibus et corruptibilibus.
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1936 Ergo intellectus est cognoscitivus contingentium.</p><p title="I q. 86 a. 3 co."><a name="32106"><span class="ref">[32106] Iª q. 86 a. 3 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1937 quod contingentia dupliciter possunt considerari. Uno modo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1938 secundum quod contingentia sunt. Alio modo, secundum quod in eis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1939 aliquid necessitatis invenitur, nihil enim est adeo contingens,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1940 quin in se aliquid necessarium habeat. Sicut hoc ipsum quod est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1941 Socratem currere, in se quidem contingens est; sed habitudo cursus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1942 ad motum est necessaria, necessarium enim est Socratem moveri, si
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1943 currit. Est autem unumquodque contingens ex parte materiae, quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1944 contingens est quod potest esse et non esse; potentia autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1945 pertinet ad materiam. Necessitas autem consequitur rationem formae,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1946 quia ea quae consequuntur ad formam, ex necessitate insunt. Materia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1947 autem est individuationis principium, ratio autem universalis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1948 accipitur secundum abstractionem formae a materia particulari.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1949 Dictum autem est supra quod per se et directe intellectus est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1950 universalium; sensus autem singularium, quorum etiam indirecte
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1951 quodammodo est intellectus, ut supra dictum est. Sic igitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1952 contingentia, prout sunt contingentia, cognoscuntur directe quidem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1953 sensu, indirecte autem ab intellectu, rationes autem universales et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1954 necessariae contingentium cognoscuntur per intellectum. Unde si
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1955 attendantur rationes universales scibilium, omnes scientiae sunt de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1956 necessariis. Si autem attendantur ipsae res, sic quaedam scientia
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1957 est de necessariis, quaedam vero de contingentibus.</p><p title="I q. 86 a. 3 ad arg."><a name="32107"><span class="ref">[32107] Iª q. 86 a. 3 ad arg.</span></a> Et per hoc
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1958 patet solutio ad obiecta.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 4</h3><p title="I q. 86 a. 4 arg. 1"><a name="32108"><span class="ref">[32108] Iª q. 86 a. 4 arg. 1</span></a> Ad quartum sic
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1959 proceditur. Videtur quod intellectus noster cognoscat futura.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1960 Intellectus enim noster cognoscit per species intelligibiles, quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1961 abstrahunt ab hic et nunc, et ita se habent indifferenter ad omne
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1962 tempus. Sed potest cognoscere praesentia. Ergo potest cognoscere
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1963 futura.</p><p title="I q. 86 a. 4 arg. 2"><a name="32109"><span class="ref">[32109] Iª q. 86 a. 4 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea, homo
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1964 quando alienatur a sensibus, aliqua futura cognoscere potest; ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1965 patet in dormientibus et phreneticis. Sed quando alienatur a
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1966 sensibus, magis viget intellectu. Ergo intellectus, quantum est de
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1967 se, est cognoscitivus futurorum.</p><p title="I q. 86 a. 4 arg. 3"><a name="32110"><span class="ref">[32110] Iª q. 86 a. 4 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1968 cognitio intellectiva hominis efficacior est quam cognitio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1969 quaecumque brutorum animalium. Sed quaedam animalia sunt quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1970 cognoscunt quaedam futura; sicut corniculae frequenter crocitantes
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1971 significant pluviam mox futuram. Ergo multo magis intellectus
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1972 humanus potest futura cognoscere.</p><p title="I q. 86 a. 4 s. c."><a name="32111"><span class="ref">[32111] Iª q. 86 a. 4 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1973 quod dicitur Eccle. VIII, <i>multa hominis afflictio, qui ignorat
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1974 praeterita, et futura nullo potest scire nuntio</i>.</p><p title="I q. 86 a. 4 co."><a name="32112"><span class="ref">[32112] Iª q. 86 a. 4 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1975 quod de cognitione futurorum eodem modo distinguendum est, sicut de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1976 cognitione contingentium. Nam ipsa futura ut sub tempore cadunt,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1977 sunt singularia, quae intellectus humanus non cognoscit nisi per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1978 reflexionem, ut supra dictum est. Rationes autem futurorum possunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1979 esse universales, et intellectu perceptibiles, et de eis etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1980 possunt esse scientiae. Ut tamen communiter de cognitione futurorum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1981 loquamur, sciendum est quod futura dupliciter cognosci possunt, uno
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1982 modo, in seipsis; alio modo, in suis causis. In seipsis quidem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1983 futura cognosci non possunt nisi a Deo; cui etiam sunt praesentia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1984 dum in cursu rerum sunt futura, inquantum eius aeternus intuitus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1985 simul fertur supra totum temporis cursum, ut supra dictum est cum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1986 de Dei scientia ageretur. Sed prout sunt in suis causis, cognosci
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1987 possunt etiam a nobis. Et si quidem in suis causis sint ut ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1988 quibus ex necessitate proveniant, cognoscuntur per certitudinem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1989 scientiae; sicut astrologus praecognoscit eclipsim futuram. Si
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1990 autem sic sint in suis causis ut ab eis proveniant ut in pluribus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1991 sic cognosci possunt per quandam coniecturam vel magis vel minus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1992 certam, secundum quod causae sunt vel magis vel minus inclinatae ad
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1993 effectus.</p><p title="I q. 86 a. 4 ad 1"><a name="32113"><span class="ref">[32113] Iª q. 86 a. 4 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1994 dicendum quod ratio illa procedit de cognitione quae fit per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1995 rationes universales causarum, ex quibus futura cognosci possunt
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1996 secundum modum ordinis effectus ad causam.</p><p title="I q. 86 a. 4 ad 2"><a name="32114"><span class="ref">[32114] Iª q. 86 a. 4 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1997 dicendum quod, sicut Augustinus dicit XII Confess., anima habet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1998 quandam vim sortis, ut ex sui natura possit futura cognoscere, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1999 ideo quando retrahitur a corporeis sensibus, et quodammodo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2000 revertitur ad seipsam, fit particeps notitiae futurorum. Et haec
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2001 quidem opinio rationabilis esset, si poneremus quod anima acciperet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2002 cognitionem rerum secundum participationem idearum, sicut Platonici
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2003 posuerunt, quia sic anima ex sui natura cognosceret universales
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2004 causas omnium effectuum, sed impeditur per corpus; unde quando a
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2005 corporis sensibus abstrahitur, futura cognoscit. Sed quia iste
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2006 modus cognoscendi non est connaturalis intellectui nostro, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2007 magis ut cognitionem a sensibus accipiat; ideo non est secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2008 naturam animae quod futura cognoscat cum a sensibus alienatur; sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2009 magis per impressionem aliquarum causarum superiorum spiritualium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2010 et corporalium. Spiritualium quidem, sicut cum virtute divina
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2011 ministerio Angelorum intellectus humanus illuminatur, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2012 phantasmata ordinantur ad futura aliqua cognoscenda; vel etiam cum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2013 per operationem Daemonum fit aliqua commotio in phantasia ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2014 praesignandum aliqua futura quae Daemones cognoscunt, ut supra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2015 dictum est. Huiusmodi autem impressiones spiritualium causarum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2016 magis nata est anima humana suscipere cum a sensibus alienatur,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2017 quia per hoc propinquior fit substantiis spiritualibus, et magis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2018 libera ab exterioribus inquietudinibus. Contingit autem et hoc per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2019 impressionem superiorum causarum corporalium. Manifestum est enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2020 quod corpora superiora imprimunt in corpora inferiora. Unde cum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2021 vires sensitivae sint actus corporalium organorum, consequens est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2022 quod ex impressione caelestium corporum immutetur quodammodo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2023 phantasia. Unde cum caelestia corpora sint causa multorum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2024 futurorum, fiunt in imaginatione aliqua signa quorundam futurorum.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2025 Haec autem signa magis percipiuntur in nocte et a dormientibus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2026 quam de die et a vigilantibus, quia, ut dicitur in libro de Somn.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2027 et Vigil., <i>quae deferuntur de die, dissolvuntur magis; plus est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2028 enim sine turbatione aer noctis, eo quod silentiores sunt noctes.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2029 Et in corpore faciunt sensum propter somnum, quia parvi motus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2030 interiores magis sentiuntur a dormientibus quam a vigilantibus. Hi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2031 vero motus faciunt phantasmata, ex quibus praevidentur
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2032 futura</i>.</p><p title="I q. 86 a. 4 ad 3"><a name="32115"><span class="ref">[32115] Iª q. 86 a. 4 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2033 dicendum quod animalia bruta non habent aliquid supra phantasiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2034 quod ordinet phantasmata, sicut habent homines rationem; et ideo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2035 phantasia brutorum animalium totaliter sequitur impressionem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2036 caelestem. Et ideo ex motibus huiusmodi animalium magis possunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2037 cognosci quaedam futura, ut pluvia et huiusmodi, quam ex motibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2038 hominum, qui moventur per consilium rationis. Unde philosophus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2039 dicit, in libro de Somn. et Vigil., quod <i>quidam imprudentissimi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2040 sunt maxime praevidentes, nam intelligentia horum non est curis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2041 affecta, sed tanquam deserta et vacua ab omnibus, et mota secundum
59 03759e5c1080 fix multi-para s.c. ht parents: 53 diff changeset	2042 movens ducitur</i>.</p></div></div><div id="q87" class="q"><h2>Quaestio 87</h2><div class="p"><h3>Prooemium</h3><p title="I q. 87 pr."><a name="32116"><span class="ref">[32116]
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2043 Iª q. 87 pr.</span></a> Deinde considerandum est quomodo anima
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2044 intellectiva cognoscat seipsam, et ea quae in se sunt. Et circa hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2045 quaeruntur quatuor. Primo, utrum cognoscat seipsam per suam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2046 essentiam. Secundo, quomodo cognoscat habitus in se existentes.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2047 Tertio, quomodo intellectus cognoscat proprium actum. Quarto,
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2048 quomodo cognoscat actum voluntatis.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 1</h3><p title="I q. 87 a. 1 arg. 1"><a name="32117"><span class="ref">[32117] Iª q. 87 a. 1 arg. 1</span></a> Ad primum sic
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2049 proceditur. Videtur quod anima intellectiva seipsam cognoscat per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2050 suam essentiam. Dicit enim Augustinus, IX de Trin., quod <i>mens
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2051 seipsam novit per seipsam, quoniam est incorporea</i>.</p><p title="I q. 87 a. 1 arg. 2"><a name="32118"><span class="ref">[32118] Iª q. 87 a. 1 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2052 Angelus et anima humana conveniunt in genere intellectualis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2053 substantiae. Sed Angelus intelligit seipsum per essentiam suam.
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2054 Ergo et anima humana.</p><p title="I q. 87 a. 1 arg. 3"><a name="32119"><span class="ref">[32119] Iª q. 87 a. 1 arg. 3</span></a> <i>Praeterea, in
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2055 his quae sunt sine materia, idem est intellectus et quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2056 intelligitur</i>, ut dicitur III de anima. Sed mens humana est sine
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2057 materia, non enim est actus corporis alicuius, ut supra dictum est.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2058 Ergo in mente humana est idem intellectus et quod intelligitur.
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2059 Ergo intelligit se per essentiam suam.</p><p title="I q. 87 a. 1 s. c."><a name="32120"><span class="ref">[32120] Iª q. 87 a. 1 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2060 quod dicitur in III de anima, quod <i>intellectus intelligit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2061 seipsum sicut et alia</i>. Sed alia non intelligit per essentias
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2062 eorum, sed per eorum similitudines. Ergo neque se intelligit per
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2063 essentiam suam.</p><p title="I q. 87 a. 1 co."><a name="32121"><span class="ref">[32121] Iª q. 87 a. 1 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2064 quod unumquodque cognoscibile est secundum quod est in actu, et non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2065 secundum quod est in potentia, ut dicitur in IX Metaphys., sic enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2066 aliquid est ens et verum, quod sub cognitione cadit, prout actu
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2067 est. Et hoc quidem manifeste apparet in rebus sensibilibus, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2068 enim visus percipit coloratum in potentia, sed solum coloratum in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2069 actu. Et similiter intellectus manifestum est quod, inquantum est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2070 cognoscitivus rerum materialium, non cognoscit nisi quod est actu,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2071 et inde est quod non cognoscit materiam primam nisi secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2072 proportionem ad formam, ut dicitur in I Physic. Unde et in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2073 substantiis immaterialibus, secundum quod unaquaeque earum se habet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2074 ad hoc quod sit in actu per essentiam suam, ita se habet ad hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2075 quod sit per suam essentiam intelligibilis. Essentia igitur Dei,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2076 quae est actus purus et perfectus, est simpliciter et perfecte
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2077 secundum seipsam intelligibilis. Unde Deus per suam essentiam non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2078 solum seipsum, sed etiam omnia intelligit. Angeli autem essentia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2079 est quidem in genere intelligibilium ut actus, non tamen ut actus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2080 purus neque completus. Unde eius intelligere non completur per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2081 essentiam suam, etsi enim per essentiam suam se intelligat Angelus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2082 tamen non omnia potest per essentiam suam cognoscere, sed cognoscit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2083 alia a se per eorum similitudines. Intellectus autem humanus se
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2084 habet in genere rerum intelligibilium ut ens in potentia tantum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2085 sicut et materia prima se habet in genere rerum sensibilium, unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2086 possibilis nominatur. Sic igitur in sua essentia consideratus, se
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2087 habet ut potentia intelligens. Unde ex seipso habet virtutem ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2088 intelligat, non autem ut intelligatur, nisi secundum id quod fit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2089 actu. Sic enim etiam Platonici posuerunt ordinem entium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2090 intelligibilium supra ordinem intellectuum, quia intellectus non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2091 intelligit nisi per participationem intelligibilis; participans
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2092 autem est infra participatum, secundum eos. Si igitur intellectus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2093 humanus fieret actu per participationem formarum intelligibilium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2094 separatarum, ut Platonici posuerunt per huiusmodi participationem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2095 rerum incorporearum intellectus humanus seipsum intelligeret. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2096 quia connaturale est intellectui nostro, secundum statum praesentis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2097 vitae, quod ad materialia et sensibilia respiciat, sicut supra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2098 dictum est; consequens est ut sic seipsum intelligat intellectus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2099 noster, secundum quod fit actu per species a sensibilibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2100 abstractas per lumen intellectus agentis, quod est actus ipsorum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2101 intelligibilium, et eis mediantibus intellectus possibilis. Non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2102 ergo per essentiam suam, sed per actum suum se cognoscit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2103 intellectus noster. Et hoc dupliciter. Uno quidem modo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2104 particulariter, secundum quod Socrates vel Plato percipit se habere
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2105 animam intellectivam, ex hoc quod percipit se intelligere. Alio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2106 modo, in universali, secundum quod naturam humanae mentis ex actu
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2107 intellectus consideramus. Sed verum est quod iudicium et efficacia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2108 huius cognitionis per quam naturam animae cognoscimus, competit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2109 nobis secundum derivationem luminis intellectus nostri a veritate
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2110 divina, in qua rationes omnium rerum continentur, sicut supra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2111 dictum est. Unde et Augustinus dicit, in IX de Trin., <i>intuemur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2112 inviolabilem veritatem, ex qua perfecte, quantum possumus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2113 definimus non qualis sit uniuscuiusque hominis mens, sed qualis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2114 esse sempiternis rationibus debeat</i>. Est autem differentia inter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2115 has duas cognitiones. Nam ad primam cognitionem de mente habendam,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2116 sufficit ipsa mentis praesentia, quae est principium actus ex quo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2117 mens percipit seipsam. Et ideo dicitur se cognoscere per suam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2118 praesentiam. Sed ad secundam cognitionem de mente habendam, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2119 sufficit eius praesentia, sed requiritur diligens et subtilis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2120 inquisitio. Unde et multi naturam animae ignorant, et multi etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2121 circa naturam animae erraverunt. Propter quod Augustinus dicit, X
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2122 de Trin., de tali inquisitione mentis, <i>non velut absentem se
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2123 quaerat mens cernere; sed praesentem quaerat discernere</i>, idest
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2124 cognoscere differentiam suam ab aliis rebus, quod est cognoscere
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2125 quidditatem et naturam suam.</p><p title="I q. 87 a. 1 ad 1"><a name="32122"><span class="ref">[32122] Iª q. 87 a. 1 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2126 dicendum quod mens seipsam per seipsam novit, quia tandem in sui
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2127 ipsius cognitionem pervenit, licet per suum actum, ipsa enim est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2128 quae cognoscitur, quia ipsa seipsam amat, ut ibidem subditur.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2129 Potest enim aliquid dici per se notum dupliciter, vel quia per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2130 nihil aliud in eius notitiam devenitur, sicut dicuntur prima
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2131 principia per se nota; vel quia non sunt cognoscibilia per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2132 accidens, sicut color est per se visibilis, substantia autem per
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2133 accidens.</p><p title="I q. 87 a. 1 ad 2"><a name="32123"><span class="ref">[32123] Iª q. 87 a. 1 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2134 dicendum quod essentia Angeli est sicut actus in genere
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2135 intelligibilium, et ideo se habet et ut intellectus, et ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2136 intellectum. Unde Angelus suam essentiam per seipsum apprehendit.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2137 Non autem intellectus humanus, qui vel est omnino in potentia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2138 respectu intelligibilium, sicut intellectus possibilis; vel est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2139 actus intelligibilium quae abstrahuntur a phantasmatibus, sicut
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2140 intellectus agens.</p><p title="I q. 87 a. 1 ad 3"><a name="32124"><span class="ref">[32124] Iª q. 87 a. 1 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2141 dicendum quod verbum illud philosophi universaliter verum est in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2142 omni intellectu. Sicut enim sensus in actu est sensibile, propter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2143 similitudinem sensibilis, quae est forma sensus in actu; ita
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2144 intellectus in actu est intellectum in actu, propter similitudinem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2145 rei intellectae, quae est forma intellectus in actu. Et ideo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2146 intellectus humanus, qui fit in actu per speciem rei intellectae,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2147 per eandem speciem intelligitur, sicut per formam suam. Idem autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2148 est dicere quod in his <i>quae sunt sine materia, idem est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2149 intellectus et quod intelligitur</i>, ac si diceretur quod in his
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2150 quae sunt intellecta in actu, idem est intellectus et quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2151 intelligitur, per hoc enim aliquid est intellectum in actu, quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2152 est sine materia. Sed in hoc est differentia, quia quorundam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2153 essentiae sunt sine materia, sicut substantiae separatae quas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2154 Angelos dicimus, quarum unaquaeque et est intellecta et est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2155 intelligens, sed quaedam res sunt quarum essentiae non sunt sine
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2156 materia, sed solum similitudines ab eis abstractae. Unde et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2157 Commentator dicit, in III de anima, quod propositio inducta non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2158 habet veritatem nisi in substantiis separatis, verificatur enim
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2159 quodammodo in eis quod non verificatur in aliis, ut dictum est.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 2</h3><p title="I q. 87 a. 2 arg. 1"><a name="32125"><span class="ref">[32125] Iª q. 87 a. 2 arg. 1</span></a> Ad secundum sic
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2160 proceditur. Videtur quod intellectus noster cognoscat habitus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2161 animae per essentiam eorum. Dicit enim Augustinus, XIII de Trin.,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2162 <i>non sic videtur fides in corde in quo est, sicut anima alterius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2163 hominis ex motibus corporis videtur; sed eam tenet certissima
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2164 scientia, clamatque conscientia</i>. Et eadem ratio est de aliis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2165 habitibus animae. Ergo habitus animae non cognoscuntur per actus,
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2166 sed per seipsos.</p><p title="I q. 87 a. 2 arg. 2"><a name="32126"><span class="ref">[32126] Iª q. 87 a. 2 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea, res
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2167 materiales, quae sunt extra animam, cognoscuntur per hoc quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2168 similitudines earum sunt praesentialiter in anima; et ideo dicuntur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2169 per suas similitudines cognosci. Sed habitus animae praesentialiter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2170 per suam essentiam sunt in anima. Ergo per suam essentiam
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2171 cognoscuntur.</p><p title="I q. 87 a. 2 arg. 3"><a name="32127"><span class="ref">[32127] Iª q. 87 a. 2 arg. 3</span></a> <i>Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2172 propter quod unumquodque tale, et illud magis</i>. Sed res aliae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2173 cognoscuntur ab anima propter habitus et species intelligibiles.
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2174 Ergo ista magis per seipsa ab anima cognoscuntur.</p><p title="I q. 87 a. 2 s. c."><a name="32128"><span class="ref">[32128] Iª q. 87 a. 2 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2175 habitus sunt principia actuum, sicut et potentiae. Sed sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2176 dicitur II de anima, <i>priores potentiis, secundum rationem, actus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2177 et operationes sunt</i>. Ergo eadem ratione sunt priores habitibus.
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2178 Et ita habitus per actus cognoscuntur, sicut et potentiae.</p><p title="I q. 87 a. 2 co."><a name="32129"><span class="ref">[32129] Iª q. 87 a. 2 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2179 quod habitus quodammodo est medium inter potentiam puram et purum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2180 actum. Iam autem dictum est quod nihil cognoscitur nisi secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2181 quod est actu. Sic ergo inquantum habitus deficit ab actu perfecto,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2182 deficit ab hoc, ut non sit per seipsum cognoscibilis, sed necesse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2183 est quod per actum suum cognoscatur, sive dum aliquis percipit se
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2184 habere habitum, per hoc quod percipit se producere actum proprium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2185 habitus; sive dum aliquis inquirit naturam et rationem habitus, ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2186 consideratione actus. Et prima quidem cognitio habitus fit per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2187 ipsam praesentiam habitus, quia ex hoc ipso quod est praesens,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2188 actum causat, in quo statim percipitur. Secunda autem cognitio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2189 habitus fit per studiosam inquisitionem, sicut supra dictum est de
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2190 mente.</p><p title="I q. 87 a. 2 ad 1"><a name="32130"><span class="ref">[32130] Iª q. 87 a. 2 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2191 dicendum quod, etsi fides non cognoscatur per exteriores corporis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2192 motus, percipitur tamen etiam ab eo in quo est, per interiorem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2193 actum cordis. Nullus enim fidem se habere scit, nisi per hoc quod
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2194 se credere percipit.</p><p title="I q. 87 a. 2 ad 2"><a name="32131"><span class="ref">[32131] Iª q. 87 a. 2 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2195 dicendum quod habitus sunt praesentes in intellectu nostro, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2196 sicut obiecta intellectus (quia obiectum intellectus nostri,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2197 secundum statum praesentis vitae, est natura rei materialis, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2198 supra dictum est); sed sunt praesentes in intellectu ut quibus
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2199 intellectus intelligit.</p><p title="I q. 87 a. 2 ad 3"><a name="32132"><span class="ref">[32132] Iª q. 87 a. 2 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2200 dicendum quod, cum dicitur, <i>propter quod unumquodque, illud
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2201 magis</i>, veritatem habet, si intelligatur in his quae sunt unius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2202 ordinis, puta in uno genere causae, puta si dicatur quod sanitas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2203 est propter vitam, sequitur quod vita sit magis desiderabilis. Si
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2204 autem accipiantur ea quae sunt diversorum ordinum, non habet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2205 veritatem, ut si dicatur quod sanitas est propter medicinam, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2206 ideo sequitur quod medicina sit magis desiderabilis, quia sanitas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2207 est in ordine finium, medicina autem in ordine causarum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2208 efficientium. Sic igitur si accipiamus duo, quorum utrumque sit per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2209 se in ordine obiectorum cognitionis; illud propter quod aliud
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2210 cognoscitur, erit magis notum, sicut principia conclusionibus. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2211 habitus non est de ordine obiectorum, inquantum est habitus; nec
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2212 propter habitum aliqua cognoscuntur sicut propter obiectum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2213 cognitum, sed sicut propter dispositionem vel formam qua cognoscens
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2214 cognoscit, et ideo ratio non sequitur.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 3</h3><p title="I q. 87 a. 3 arg. 1"><a name="32133"><span class="ref">[32133] Iª q. 87 a. 3 arg. 1</span></a> Ad tertium sic
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2215 proceditur. Videtur quod intellectus non cognoscat proprium actum.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2216 Illud enim proprie cognoscitur, quod est obiectum cognoscitivae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2217 virtutis. Sed actus differt ab obiecto. Ergo intellectus non
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2218 cognoscit suum actum.</p><p title="I q. 87 a. 3 arg. 2"><a name="32134"><span class="ref">[32134] Iª q. 87 a. 3 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2219 quidquid cognoscitur, aliquo actu cognoscitur. Si igitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2220 intellectus cognoscit actum suum, aliquo actu cognoscit illum; et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2221 iterum illum actum alio actu. Erit ergo procedere in infinitum,
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2222 quod videtur impossibile.</p><p title="I q. 87 a. 3 arg. 3"><a name="32135"><span class="ref">[32135] Iª q. 87 a. 3 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea, sicut
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2223 se habet sensus ad actum suum, ita et intellectus. Sed sensus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2224 proprius non sentit actum suum, sed hoc pertinet ad sensum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2225 communem, ut dicitur in libro de anima. Ergo neque intellectus
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2226 intelligit actum suum.</p><p title="I q. 87 a. 3 s. c."><a name="32136"><span class="ref">[32136] Iª q. 87 a. 3 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2227 quod Augustinus dicit, X de Trin., <i>intelligo me
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2228 intelligere</i>.</p><p title="I q. 87 a. 3 co."><a name="32137"><span class="ref">[32137] Iª q. 87 a. 3 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2229 quod, sicut iam dictum est, unumquodque cognoscitur secundum quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2230 est actu. Ultima autem perfectio intellectus est eius operatio, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2231 enim est sicut actio tendens in alterum, quae sit perfectio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2232 operati, sicut aedificatio aedificati; sed manet in operante ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2233 perfectio et actus eius, ut dicitur in IX Metaphys. Hoc igitur est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2234 primum quod de intellectu intelligitur, scilicet ipsum eius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2235 intelligere. Sed circa hoc diversi intellectus diversimode se
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2236 habent. Est enim aliquis intellectus, scilicet divinus, qui est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2237 ipsum suum intelligere. Et sic in Deo idem est quod intelligat se
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2238 intelligere et quod intelligat suam essentiam, quia sua essentia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2239 est suum intelligere. Est autem alius intellectus, scilicet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2240 angelicus, qui non est suum intelligere, sicut supra dictum est,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2241 sed tamen primum obiectum sui intelligere est eius essentia. Unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2242 etsi aliud sit in Angelo, secundum rationem, quod intelligat se
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2243 intelligere, et quod intelligat suam essentiam, tamen simul et uno
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2244 actu utrumque intelligit, quia hoc quod est intelligere suam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2245 essentiam, est propria perfectio suae essentiae; simul autem et uno
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2246 actu intelligitur res cum sua perfectione. Est autem alius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2247 intellectus, scilicet humanus, qui nec est suum intelligere, nec
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2248 sui intelligere est obiectum primum ipsa eius essentia, sed aliquid
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2249 extrinsecum, scilicet natura materialis rei. Et ideo id quod primo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2250 cognoscitur ab intellectu humano, est huiusmodi obiectum; et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2251 secundario cognoscitur ipse actus quo cognoscitur obiectum; et per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2252 actum cognoscitur ipse intellectus, cuius est perfectio ipsum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2253 intelligere. Et ideo philosophus dicit quod obiecta
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2254 praecognoscuntur actibus, et actus potentiis.</p><p title="I q. 87 a. 3 ad 1"><a name="32138"><span class="ref">[32138] Iª q. 87 a. 3 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2255 dicendum quod obiectum intellectus est commune quoddam, scilicet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2256 ens et verum, sub quo comprehenditur etiam ipse actus intelligendi.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2257 Unde intellectus potest suum actum intelligere. Sed non primo, quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2258 nec primum obiectum intellectus nostri, secundum praesentem statum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2259 est quodlibet ens et verum; sed ens et verum consideratum in rebus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2260 materialibus, ut dictum est; ex quibus in cognitionem omnium
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2261 aliorum devenit.</p><p title="I q. 87 a. 3 ad 2"><a name="32139"><span class="ref">[32139] Iª q. 87 a. 3 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2262 dicendum quod ipsum intelligere humanum non est actus et perfectio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2263 naturae intellectae materialis, ut sic possit uno actu intelligi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2264 natura rei materialis et ipsum intelligere, sicut uno actu
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2265 intelligitur res cum sua perfectione. Unde alius est actus quo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2266 intellectus intelligit lapidem, et alius est actus quo intelligit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2267 se intelligere lapidem, et sic inde. Nec est inconveniens in
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2268 intellectu esse infinitum in potentia, ut supra dictum est.</p><p title="I q. 87 a. 3 ad 3"><a name="32140"><span class="ref">[32140] Iª q. 87 a. 3 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2269 dicendum quod sensus proprius sentit secundum immutationem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2270 materialis organi a sensibili exteriori. Non est autem possibile
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2271 quod aliquid materiale immutet seipsum; sed unum immutatur ab alio.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2272 Et ideo actus sensus proprii percipitur per sensum communem. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2273 intellectus non intelligit per materialem immutationem organi, et
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2274 ideo non est simile.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 4</h3><p title="I q. 87 a. 4 arg. 1"><a name="32141"><span class="ref">[32141] Iª q. 87 a. 4 arg. 1</span></a> Ad quartum sic
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2275 proceditur. Videtur quod intellectus non intelligat actum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2276 voluntatis. Nihil enim cognoscitur ab intellectu, nisi sit aliquo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2277 modo praesens in intellectu. Sed actus voluntatis non est praesens
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2278 in intellectu, cum sint diversae potentiae. Ergo actus voluntatis
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2279 non cognoscitur ab intellectu.</p><p title="I q. 87 a. 4 arg. 2"><a name="32142"><span class="ref">[32142] Iª q. 87 a. 4 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea, actus
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2280 habet speciem ab obiecto. Sed obiectum voluntatis differt ab
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2281 obiecto intellectus. Ergo et actus voluntatis speciem habet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2282 diversam ab obiecto intellectus. Non ergo cognoscitur ab
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2283 intellectu.</p><p title="I q. 87 a. 4 arg. 3"><a name="32143"><span class="ref">[32143] Iª q. 87 a. 4 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2284 Augustinus, in libro X Confess., attribuit affectionibus animae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2285 quod cognoscuntur neque per imagines, sicut corpora; <i>neque per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2286 praesentiam, sicut artes, sed per quasdam notiones</i>. Non videtur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2287 autem quod possint esse aliae notiones rerum in anima nisi vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2288 essentiae rerum cognitarum, vel earum similitudines. Ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2289 impossibile videtur quod intellectus cognoscat affectiones animae,
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2290 quae sunt actus voluntatis.</p><p title="I q. 87 a. 4 s. c."><a name="32144"><span class="ref">[32144] Iª q. 87 a. 4 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2291 quod Augustinus dicit, X de Trin., <i>intelligo me velle</i>.</p><p title="I q. 87 a. 4 co."><a name="32145"><span class="ref">[32145] Iª q. 87 a. 4 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2292 quod, sicut supra dictum est, actus voluntatis nihil aliud est quam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2293 inclinatio quaedam consequens formam intellectam, sicut appetitus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2294 naturalis est inclinatio consequens formam naturalem. Inclinatio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2295 autem cuiuslibet rei est in ipsa re per modum eius. Unde inclinatio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2296 naturalis est naturaliter in re naturali; et inclinatio quae est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2297 appetitus sensibilis, est sensibiliter in sentiente; et similiter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2298 inclinatio intelligibilis, quae est actus voluntatis, est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2299 intelligibiliter in intelligente, sicut in principio et in proprio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2300 subiecto. Unde et philosophus hoc modo loquendi utitur in III de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2301 anima, quod voluntas in ratione est. Quod autem intelligibiliter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2302 est in aliquo intelligente, consequens est ut ab eo intelligatur.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2303 Unde actus voluntatis intelligitur ab intellectu, et inquantum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2304 aliquis percipit se velle; et inquantum aliquis cognoscit naturam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2305 huius actus, et per consequens naturam eius principii, quod est
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2306 habitus vel potentia.</p><p title="I q. 87 a. 4 ad 1"><a name="32146"><span class="ref">[32146] Iª q. 87 a. 4 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2307 dicendum quod ratio illa procederet, si voluntas et intellectus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2308 sicut sunt diversae potentiae, ita etiam subiecto differrent, sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2309 enim quod est in voluntate, esset absens ab intellectu. Nunc autem,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2310 cum utrumque radicetur in una substantia animae, et unum sit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2311 quodammodo principium alterius, consequens est ut quod est in
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2312 voluntate, sit etiam quodammodo in intellectu.</p><p title="I q. 87 a. 4 ad 2"><a name="32147"><span class="ref">[32147] Iª q. 87 a. 4 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2313 dicendum quod bonum et verum, quae sunt obiecta voluntatis et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2314 intellectus, differunt quidem ratione, verumtamen unum eorum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2315 continetur sub alio, ut supra dictum est, nam verum est quoddam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2316 bonum, et bonum est quoddam verum. Et ideo quae sunt voluntatis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2317 cadunt sub intellectu; et quae sunt intellectus possunt cadere sub
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2318 voluntate.</p><p title="I q. 87 a. 4 ad 3"><a name="32148"><span class="ref">[32148] Iª q. 87 a. 4 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2319 dicendum quod affectus animae non sunt in intellectu neque per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2320 similitudinem tantum, sicut corpora; neque per praesentiam ut in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2321 subiecto, sicut artes; sed sicut principiatum in principio, in quo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2322 habetur notio principiati. Et ideo Augustinus dicit affectus animae
59 03759e5c1080 fix multi-para s.c. ht parents: 53 diff changeset	2323 esse in memoria per quasdam notiones.</p></div></div><div id="q88" class="q"><h2>Quaestio 88</h2><div class="p"><h3>Prooemium</h3><p title="I q. 88 pr."><a name="32149"><span class="ref">[32149]
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2324 Iª q. 88 pr.</span></a> Deinde considerandum est quomodo anima
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2325 humana cognoscat ea quae supra se sunt, scilicet immateriales
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2326 substantias. Et circa hoc quaeruntur tria. Primo, utrum anima
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2327 humana, secundum statum praesentis vitae, possit intelligere
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2328 substantias immateriales quas Angelos dicimus, per seipsas.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2329 Secundo, utrum possit ad earum notitiam pervenire per cognitionem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2330 rerum materialium. Tertio, utrum Deus sit id quod primo a nobis
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2331 cognoscitur.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 1</h3><p title="I q. 88 a. 1 arg. 1"><a name="32150"><span class="ref">[32150] Iª q. 88 a. 1 arg. 1</span></a> Ad primum sic
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2332 proceditur. Videtur quod anima humana, secundum statum vitae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2333 praesentis, possit intelligere substantias immateriales per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2334 seipsas. Dicit enim Augustinus, in IX de Trin., <i>mens ipsa, sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2335 corporearum rerum notitias per sensus corporis colligit, sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2336 incorporearum rerum per semetipsam</i>. Huiusmodi autem sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2337 substantiae immateriales. Ergo mens substantias immateriales
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2338 intelligit.</p><p title="I q. 88 a. 1 arg. 2"><a name="32151"><span class="ref">[32151] Iª q. 88 a. 1 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2339 simile simili cognoscitur. Sed magis assimilatur mens humana rebus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2340 immaterialibus quam materialibus, cum ipsa mens sit immaterialis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2341 ut ex supradictis patet. Cum ergo mens nostra intelligat res
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2342 materiales, multo magis intelligit res immateriales.</p><p title="I q. 88 a. 1 arg. 3"><a name="32152"><span class="ref">[32152] Iª q. 88 a. 1 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea, quod
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2343 ea quae sunt secundum se maxime sensibilia, non maxime sentiantur a
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2344 nobis, provenit ex hoc quod excellentiae sensibilium corrumpunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2345 sensum. Sed excellentiae intelligibilium non corrumpunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2346 intellectum, ut dicitur in III de anima. Ergo ea quae sunt secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2347 se maxime intelligibilia, sunt etiam maxime intelligibilia nobis.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2348 Sed cum res materiales non sint intelligibiles nisi quia facimus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2349 eas intelligibiles actu, abstrahendo a materia; manifestum est quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2350 magis sint secundum se intelligibiles substantiae quae secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2351 suam naturam sunt immateriales. Ergo multo magis intelliguntur a
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2352 nobis quam res materiales.</p><p title="I q. 88 a. 1 arg. 4"><a name="32153"><span class="ref">[32153] Iª q. 88 a. 1 arg. 4</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2353 Commentator dicit, in II Metaphys., quod si substantiae abstractae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2354 non possent intelligi a nobis, <i>tunc natura otiose egisset, quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2355 fecit illud quod est naturaliter in se intellectum, non intellectum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2356 ab aliquo</i>. Sed nihil est otiosum sive frustra in natura. Ergo
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2357 substantiae immateriales possunt intelligi a nobis.</p><p title="I q. 88 a. 1 arg. 5"><a name="32154"><span class="ref">[32154] Iª q. 88 a. 1 arg. 5</span></a> Praeterea, sicut
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2358 se habet sensus ad sensibilia, ita se habet intellectus ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2359 intelligibilia. Sed visus noster potest videre omnia corpora, sive
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2360 sint superiora et incorruptibilia, sive sint inferiora et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2361 corruptibilia. Ergo intellectus noster potest intelligere omnes
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2362 substantias intelligibiles, et superiores et immateriales.</p><p title="I q. 88 a. 1 s. c."><a name="32155"><span class="ref">[32155] Iª q. 88 a. 1 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2363 quod dicitur Sap. IX, <i>quae in caelis sunt, quis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2364 investigabit?</i> In caelis autem dicuntur huiusmodi substantiae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2365 esse; secundum illud Matth. XVIII, <i>Angeli eorum in caelis</i> et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2366 cetera. Ergo non possunt substantiae immateriales per
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2367 investigationem humanam cognosci.</p><p title="I q. 88 a. 1 co."><a name="32156"><span class="ref">[32156] Iª q. 88 a. 1 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2368 quod secundum opinionem Platonis, substantiae immateriales non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2369 solum a nobis intelliguntur, sed etiam sunt prima a nobis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2370 intellecta. Posuit enim Plato formas immateriales subsistentes,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2371 quas ideas vocabat, esse propria obiecta nostri intellectus, et ita
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2372 primo et per se intelliguntur a nobis. Applicatur tamen animae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2373 cognitio rebus materialibus, secundum quod intellectui permiscetur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2374 phantasia et sensus. Unde quanto magis intellectus fuerit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2375 depuratus, tanto magis percipit immaterialium intelligibilem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2376 veritatem. Sed secundum Aristotelis sententiam, quam magis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2377 experimur, intellectus noster, secundum statum praesentis vitae,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2378 naturalem respectum habet ad naturas rerum materialium; unde nihil
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2379 intelligit nisi convertendo se ad phantasmata, ut ex dictis patet.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2380 Et sic manifestum est quod substantias immateriales, quae sub sensu
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2381 et imaginatione non cadunt, primo et per se, secundum modum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2382 cognitionis nobis expertum, intelligere non possumus. Sed tamen
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2383 Averroes, in Comment. tertii de anima, ponit quod in fine in hac
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2384 vita homo pervenire potest ad hoc quod intelligat substantias
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2385 separatas, per continuationem vel unionem cuiusdam substantiae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2386 separatae nobis, quam vocat intellectum agentem, qui quidem, cum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2387 sit substantia separata, naturaliter substantias separatas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2388 intelligit. Unde cum fuerit nobis perfecte unitus, sic ut per eum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2389 perfecte intelligere possimus, intelligemus et nos substantias
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2390 separatas; sicut nunc per intellectum possibilem nobis unitum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2391 intelligimus res materiales. Ponit autem intellectum agentem sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2392 nobis uniri. Cum enim nos intelligamus per intellectum agentem et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2393 per intelligibilia speculata, ut patet cum conclusiones
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2394 intelligimus per principia intellecta; necesse est quod intellectus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2395 agens comparetur ad intellecta speculata vel sicut agens principale
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2396 ad instrumenta, vel sicut forma ad materiam. His enim duobus modis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2397 attribuitur actio aliqua duobus principiis, principali quidem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2398 agenti et instrumento, sicut sectio artifici et serrae; formae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2399 autem et subiecto, sicut calefactio calori et igni. Sed utroque
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2400 modo intellectus agens comparabitur ad intelligibilia speculata
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2401 sicut perfectio ad perfectibile, et actus ad potentiam. Simul autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2402 recipitur in aliquo perfectum et perfectio; sicut visibile in actu
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2403 et lumen in pupilla. Simul igitur in intellectu possibili
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2404 recipiuntur intellecta speculata et intellectus agens. Et quanto
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2405 plura intellecta speculata recipimus, tanto magis appropinquamus ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2406 hoc quod intellectus agens perfecte uniatur nobis. Ita quod cum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2407 omnia intellecta speculata cognoverimus, intellectus agens perfecte
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2408 unietur nobis; et poterimus per eum omnia cognoscere materialia et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2409 immaterialia. Et in hoc ponit ultimam hominis felicitatem. Nec
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2410 refert, quantum ad propositum pertinet, utrum in illo statu
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2411 felicitatis intellectus possibilis intelligat substantias separatas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2412 per intellectum agentem, ut ipse sentit, vel, ut ipse imponit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2413 Alexandro, intellectus possibilis nunquam intelligat substantias
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2414 separatas (propter hoc quod ponit intellectum possibilem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2415 corruptibilem), sed homo intelligat substantias separatas per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2416 intellectum agentem. Sed praedicta stare non possunt. Primo quidem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2417 quia, si intellectus agens est substantia separata, impossibile est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2418 quod per ipsam formaliter intelligamus, quia id quo formaliter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2419 agens agit, est forma et actus agentis; cum omne agens agat
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2420 inquantum est actu. Sicut etiam supra dictum est circa intellectum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2421 possibilem. Secundo quia, secundum modum praedictum, intellectus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2422 agens, si est substantia separata, non uniretur nobis secundum suam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2423 substantiam; sed solum lumen eius, secundum quod participatur in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2424 intellectis speculatis; et non quantum ad alias actiones
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2425 intellectus agentis, ut possimus per hoc intelligere substantias
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2426 immateriales. Sicut dum videmus colores illuminatos a sole, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2427 unitur nobis substantia solis, ut possimus actiones solis agere;
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2428 sed solum nobis unitur lumen solis ad visionem colorum. Tertio,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2429 quia dato quod secundum modum praedictum uniretur nobis substantia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2430 intellectus agentis, tamen ipsi non ponunt quod intellectus agens
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2431 totaliter uniatur nobis secundum unum intelligibile vel duo, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2432 secundum omnia intellecta speculata. Sed omnia intellecta speculata
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2433 deficiunt a virtute intellectus agentis, quia multo plus est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2434 intelligere substantias separatas, quam intelligere omnia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2435 materialia. Unde manifestum est quod etiam intellectis omnibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2436 materialibus, non sic uniretur intellectus agens nobis, ut possemus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2437 intelligere per eum substantias separatas. Quarto, quia intelligere
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2438 omnia intellecta materialia vix contingit alicui in hoc mundo; et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2439 sic nullus, vel pauci ad felicitatem pervenirent. Quod est contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2440 philosophum, in I Ethic., qui dicit quod <i>felicitas est quoddam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2441 bonum commune, quod potest pervenire omnibus non orbatis ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2442 virtutem</i>. Est etiam contra rationem quod finem alicuius speciei
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2443 ut in paucioribus consequantur ea quae continentur sub specie.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2444 Quinto, quia philosophus dicit expresse, in I Ethic., quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2445 <i>felicitas est operatio secundum perfectam virtutem</i>. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2446 enumeratis multis virtutibus, in decimo, concludit quod felicitas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2447 ultima, consistens in cognitione maximorum intelligibilium, est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2448 secundum virtutem sapientiae, quam posuerat in sexto esse caput
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2449 scientiarum speculativarum. Unde patet quod Aristoteles posuit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2450 ultimam felicitatem hominis in cognitione substantiarum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2451 separatarum, qualis potest haberi per scientias speculativas, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2452 non per continuationem intellectus agentis a quibusdam confictam.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2453 Sexto, quia supra ostensum est quod intellectus agens non est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2454 substantia separata, sed virtus quaedam animae, ad eadem active se
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2455 extendens, ad quae se extendit intellectus possibilis receptive,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2456 quia, ut dicitur in III de anima, intellectus possibilis est quo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2457 est omnia fieri, intellectus agens quo est omnia facere. Uterque
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2458 ergo intellectus se extendit, secundum statum praesentis vitae, ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2459 materialia sola; quae intellectus agens facit intelligibilia actu,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2460 et recipiuntur in intellectu possibili. Unde secundum statum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2461 praesentis vitae, neque per intellectum possibilem, neque per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2462 intellectum agentem, possumus intelligere substantias immateriales
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2463 secundum seipsas.</p><p title="I q. 88 a. 1 ad 1"><a name="32157"><span class="ref">[32157] Iª q. 88 a. 1 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2464 dicendum quod ex illa auctoritate Augustini haberi potest quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2465 illud quod mens nostra de cognitione incorporalium rerum accipere
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2466 potest, per seipsam cognoscere possit. Et hoc adeo verum est, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2467 etiam apud philosophos dicatur quod scientia de anima est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2468 principium quoddam ad cognoscendum substantias separatas. Per hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2469 enim quod anima nostra cognoscit seipsam, pertingit ad cognitionem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2470 aliquam habendam de substantiis incorporeis, qualem eam contingit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2471 habere, non quod simpliciter et perfecte eas cognoscat, cognoscendo
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2472 seipsam.</p><p title="I q. 88 a. 1 ad 2"><a name="32158"><span class="ref">[32158] Iª q. 88 a. 1 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2473 dicendum quod similitudo naturae non est ratio sufficiens ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2474 cognitionem, alioquin oporteret dicere quod Empedocles dixit, quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2475 anima esset de natura omnium, ad hoc quod omnia cognosceret. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2476 requiritur ad cognoscendum, ut sit similitudo rei cognitae in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2477 cognoscente quasi quaedam forma ipsius. Intellectus autem noster
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2478 possibilis, secundum statum praesentis vitae, est natus informari
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2479 similitudinibus rerum materialium a phantasmatibus abstractis, et
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2480 ideo cognoscit magis materialia quam substantias immateriales.</p><p title="I q. 88 a. 1 ad 3"><a name="32159"><span class="ref">[32159] Iª q. 88 a. 1 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2481 dicendum quod requiritur aliqua proportio obiecti ad potentiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2482 cognoscitivam, ut activi ad passivum, et perfectionis ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2483 perfectibile. Unde quod excellentia sensibilia non capiantur a
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2484 sensu, non sola ratio est quia corrumpunt organa sensibilia; sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2485 etiam quia sunt improportionata potentiis sensitivis. Et hoc modo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2486 substantiae immateriales sunt improportionatae intellectui nostro,
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2487 secundum praesentem statum, ut non possint ab eo intelligi.</p><p title="I q. 88 a. 1 ad 4"><a name="32160"><span class="ref">[32160] Iª q. 88 a. 1 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2488 dicendum quod illa ratio Commentatoris multipliciter deficit. Primo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2489 quidem, quia non sequitur quod, si substantiae separatae non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2490 intelliguntur a nobis, non intelligantur ab aliquo intellectu,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2491 intelliguntur enim a seipsis, et a se invicem. Secundo, quia non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2492 est finis substantiarum separatarum ut intelligantur a nobis. Illud
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2493 autem otiose et frustra esse dicitur, quod non consequitur finem ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2494 quem est. Et sic non sequitur substantias immateriales esse
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2495 frustra, etiam si nullo modo intelligerentur a nobis.</p><p title="I q. 88 a. 1 ad 5"><a name="32161"><span class="ref">[32161] Iª q. 88 a. 1 ad 5</span></a> Ad quintum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2496 dicendum quod eodem modo sensus cognoscit et superiora et inferiora
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2497 corpora, scilicet per immutationem organi a sensibili. Non autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2498 eodem modo intelliguntur a nobis substantiae materiales, quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2499 intelliguntur per modum abstractionis; et substantiae immateriales,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2500 quae non possunt sic a nobis intelligi, quia non sunt earum aliqua
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2501 phantasmata.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 2</h3><p title="I q. 88 a. 2 arg. 1"><a name="32162"><span class="ref">[32162] Iª q. 88 a. 2 arg. 1</span></a> Ad secundum sic
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2502 proceditur. Videtur quod intellectus noster per cognitionem rerum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2503 materialium possit pervenire ad intelligendum substantias
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2504 immateriales. Dicit enim Dionysius, I cap. Cael. Hier., quod <i>non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2505 est possibile humanae menti ad immaterialem illam sursum excitari
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2506 caelestium hierarchiarum contemplationem, nisi secundum se
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2507 materiali manuductione utatur</i>. Relinquitur ergo quod per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2508 materialia manuduci possumus ad intelligendum substantias
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2509 immateriales.</p><p title="I q. 88 a. 2 arg. 2"><a name="32163"><span class="ref">[32163] Iª q. 88 a. 2 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2510 scientia est in intellectu. Sed scientiae et definitiones sunt de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2511 substantiis immaterialibus, definit enim Damascenus Angelum; et de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2512 Angelis aliqua documenta traduntur tam in theologicis quam in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2513 philosophicis disciplinis. Ergo substantiae immateriales intelligi
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2514 possunt a nobis.</p><p title="I q. 88 a. 2 arg. 3"><a name="32164"><span class="ref">[32164] Iª q. 88 a. 2 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea, anima
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2515 humana est de genere substantiarum immaterialium. Sed ipsa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2516 intelligi potest a nobis per actum suum, quo intelligit materialia.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2517 Ergo et aliae substantiae immateriales intelligi possunt a nobis
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2518 per suos effectus in rebus materialibus.</p><p title="I q. 88 a. 2 arg. 4"><a name="32165"><span class="ref">[32165] Iª q. 88 a. 2 arg. 4</span></a> Praeterea, illa
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2519 sola causa per suos effectus comprehendi non potest, quae in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2520 infinitum distat a suis effectibus. Hoc autem solius Dei est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2521 proprium. Ergo aliae substantiae immateriales creatae intelligi
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2522 possunt a nobis per res materiales.</p><p title="I q. 88 a. 2 s. c."><a name="32166"><span class="ref">[32166] Iª q. 88 a. 2 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2523 quod Dionysius dicit, I cap. de Div. Nom., quod <i>sensibilibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2524 intelligibilia, et compositis simplicia, et corporalibus
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2525 incorporalia apprehendi non possunt</i>.</p><p title="I q. 88 a. 2 co."><a name="32167"><span class="ref">[32167] Iª q. 88 a. 2 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2526 quod, sicut Averroes narrat in III de anima, quidam Avempace
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2527 nomine, posuit quod per intellectum substantiarum materialium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2528 pervenire possumus, secundum vera philosophiae principia, ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2529 intelligendum substantias immateriales. Cum enim intellectus noster
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2530 natus sit abstrahere quidditatem rei materialis a materia, si
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2531 iterum in illa quidditate sit aliquid materiae, poterit iterato
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2532 abstrahere, et cum hoc in infinitum non procedat, tandem pervenire
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2533 poterit ad intelligendum aliquam quidditatem quae sit omnino sine
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2534 materia. Et hoc est intelligere substantiam immaterialem. Quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2535 quidem efficaciter diceretur, si substantiae immateriales essent
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2536 formae et species horum materialium, ut Platonici posuerunt. Hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2537 autem non posito, sed supposito quod substantiae immateriales sint
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2538 omnino alterius rationis a quidditatibus materialium rerum;
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2539 quantumcumque intellectus noster abstrahat quidditatem rei
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2540 materialis a materia, nunquam perveniet ad aliquid simile
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2541 substantiae immateriali. Et ideo per substantias materiales non
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2542 possumus perfecte substantias immateriales intelligere.</p><p title="I q. 88 a. 2 ad 1"><a name="32168"><span class="ref">[32168] Iª q. 88 a. 2 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2543 dicendum quod ex rebus materialibus ascendere possumus in aliqualem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2544 cognitionem immaterialium rerum, non tamen in perfectam, quia non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2545 est sufficiens comparatio rerum materialium ad immateriales, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2546 similitudines si quae a materialibus accipiuntur ad immaterialia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2547 intelligenda, sunt multum dissimiles, ut Dionysius dicit, II cap.
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2548 Cael. Hier.</p><p title="I q. 88 a. 2 ad 2"><a name="32169"><span class="ref">[32169] Iª q. 88 a. 2 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2549 dicendum quod de superioribus rebus in scientiis maxime tractatur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2550 per viam remotionis, sic enim corpora caelestia notificat
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2551 Aristoteles per negationem proprietatum inferiorum corporum. Unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2552 multo magis immateriales substantiae a nobis cognosci non possunt,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2553 ut earum quidditates apprehendamus, sed de eis nobis in scientiis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2554 documenta traduntur per viam remotionis et alicuius habitudinis ad
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2555 res materiales.</p><p title="I q. 88 a. 2 ad 3"><a name="32170"><span class="ref">[32170] Iª q. 88 a. 2 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2556 dicendum quod anima humana intelligit seipsam per suum intelligere,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2557 quod est actus proprius eius, perfecte demonstrans virtutem eius et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2558 naturam. Sed neque per hoc, neque per alia quae in rebus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2559 materialibus inveniuntur, perfecte cognosci potest immaterialium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2560 substantiarum virtus et natura, quia huiusmodi non adaequant earum
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2561 virtutes.</p><p title="I q. 88 a. 2 ad 4"><a name="32171"><span class="ref">[32171] Iª q. 88 a. 2 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2562 dicendum quod substantiae immateriales creatae in genere quidem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2563 naturali non conveniunt cum substantiis materialibus, quia non est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2564 in eis eadem ratio potentiae et materiae, conveniunt tamen cum eis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2565 in genere logico, quia etiam substantiae immateriales sunt in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2566 praedicamento substantiae, cum earum quidditas non sit earum esse.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2567 Sed Deus non convenit cum rebus materialibus neque secundum genus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2568 naturale, neque secundum genus logicum, quia Deus nullo modo est in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2569 genere, ut supra dictum est. Unde per similitudines rerum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2570 materialium aliquid affirmative potest cognosci de Angelis secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2571 rationem communem, licet non secundum rationem speciei; de Deo
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2572 autem nullo modo.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 3</h3><p title="I q. 88 a. 3 arg. 1"><a name="32172"><span class="ref">[32172] Iª q. 88 a. 3 arg. 1</span></a> Ad tertium sic
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2573 proceditur. Videtur quod Deus sit primum quod a mente humana
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2574 cognoscitur. Illud enim in quo omnia alia cognoscuntur, et per quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2575 de aliis iudicamus, est primo cognitum a nobis; sicut lux ab oculo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2576 et principia prima ab intellectu. Sed omnia in luce primae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2577 veritatis cognoscimus, et per eam de omnibus iudicamus; ut dicit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2578 Augustinus in libro de Trin., et in libro de vera Relig. Ergo Deus
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2579 est id quod primo cognoscitur a nobis.</p><p title="I q. 88 a. 3 arg. 2"><a name="32173"><span class="ref">[32173] Iª q. 88 a. 3 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2580 propter quod unumquodque, et illud magis. Sed Deus est causa omnis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2581 nostrae cognitionis, ipse enim est <i>lux vera, quae illuminat
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2582 omnem hominem venientem in hunc mundum</i>, ut dicitur Ioan. I.
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2583 Ergo Deus est id quod primo et maxime est cognitum nobis.</p><p title="I q. 88 a. 3 arg. 3"><a name="32174"><span class="ref">[32174] Iª q. 88 a. 3 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea, id
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2584 quod primo cognoscitur in imagine, est exemplar quo imago formatur.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2585 Sed in mente nostra est Dei imago, ut Augustinus dicit. Ergo id
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2586 quod primo cognoscitur in mente nostra est Deus.</p><p title="I q. 88 a. 3 s. c."><a name="32175"><span class="ref">[32175] Iª q. 88 a. 3 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2587 quod dicitur Ioan. I, <i>Deum nemo vidit unquam</i>.</p><p title="I q. 88 a. 3 co."><a name="32176"><span class="ref">[32176] Iª q. 88 a. 3 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2588 quod, cum intellectus humanus, secundum statum praesentis vitae,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2589 non possit intelligere substantias immateriales creatas, ut dictum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2590 est; multo minus potest intelligere essentiam substantiae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2591 increatae. Unde simpliciter dicendum est quod Deus non est primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2592 quod a nobis cognoscitur; sed magis per creaturas in Dei
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2593 cognitionem pervenimus, secundum illud apostoli ad Rom. I,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2594 <i>invisibilia Dei per ea quae facta sunt, intellecta,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2595 conspiciuntur</i>. Primum autem quod intelligitur a nobis secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2596 statum praesentis vitae, est quidditas rei materialis, quae est
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2597 nostri intellectus obiectum, ut multoties supra dictum est.</p><p title="I q. 88 a. 3 ad 1"><a name="32177"><span class="ref">[32177] Iª q. 88 a. 3 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2598 dicendum quod in luce primae veritatis omnia intelligimus et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2599 iudicamus, inquantum ipsum lumen intellectus nostri, sive naturale
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2600 sive gratuitum, nihil aliud est quam quaedam impressio veritatis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2601 primae, ut supra dictum est. Unde cum ipsum lumen intellectus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2602 nostri non se habeat ad intellectum nostrum sicut quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2603 intelligitur, sed sicut quo intelligitur; multo minus Deus est id
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2604 quod primo a nostro intellectu intelligitur.</p><p title="I q. 88 a. 3 ad 2"><a name="32178"><span class="ref">[32178] Iª q. 88 a. 3 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2605 dicendum quod propter quod unumquodque, illud magis, intelligendum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2606 est in his quae sunt unius ordinis, ut supra dictum est. Propter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2607 Deum autem alia cognoscuntur, non sicut propter primum cognitum,
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2608 sed sicut propter primam cognoscitivae virtutis causam.</p><p title="I q. 88 a. 3 ad 3"><a name="32179"><span class="ref">[32179] Iª q. 88 a. 3 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2609 dicendum quod, si in anima nostra esset perfecta imago Dei, sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2610 filius est perfecta imago patris, statim mens nostra intelligeret
59 03759e5c1080 fix multi-para s.c. ht parents: 53 diff changeset	2611 Deum. Est autem imago imperfecta. Unde ratio non sequitur.</p></div></div><div id="q89" class="q"><h2>Quaestio 89</h2><div class="p"><h3>Prooemium</h3><p title="I q. 89 pr."><a name="32180"><span class="ref">[32180]
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2612 Iª q. 89 pr.</span></a> Deinde considerandum est de cognitione
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2613 animae separatae. Et circa hoc quaeruntur octo. Primo, utrum anima
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2614 separata a corpore possit intelligere. Secundo, utrum intelligat
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2615 substantias separatas. Tertio, utrum intelligat omnia naturalia.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2616 Quarto, utrum cognoscat singularia. Quinto, utrum habitus scientiae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2617 hic acquisitae remaneat in anima separata. Sexto, utrum possit uti
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2618 habitu scientiae hic acquisitae. Septimo, utrum distantia localis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2619 impediat cognitionem animae separatae. Octavo, utrum animae
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2620 separatae a corporibus cognoscant ea quae hic aguntur.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 1</h3><p title="I q. 89 a. 1 arg. 1"><a name="32181"><span class="ref">[32181] Iª q. 89 a. 1 arg. 1</span></a> Ad primum sic
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2621 proceditur. Videtur quod anima separata nihil omnino intelligere
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2622 possit. Dicit enim philosophus, in I de anima, quod <i>intelligere
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2623 corrumpitur, interius quodam corrupto</i>. Sed omnia interiora
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2624 hominis corrumpuntur per mortem. Ergo et ipsum intelligere
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2625 corrumpitur.</p><p title="I q. 89 a. 1 arg. 2"><a name="32182"><span class="ref">[32182] Iª q. 89 a. 1 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea, anima
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2626 humana impeditur ab intelligendo per ligamentum sensus, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2627 perturbata imaginatione, sicut supra dictum est. Sed morte
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2628 totaliter sensus et imaginatio corrumpuntur, ut ex supra dictis
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2629 patet. Ergo anima post mortem nihil intelligit.</p><p title="I q. 89 a. 1 arg. 3"><a name="32183"><span class="ref">[32183] Iª q. 89 a. 1 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea, si
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2630 anima separata intelligit, oportet quod per aliquas species
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2631 intelligat. Sed non intelligit per species innatas, quia a
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2632 principio est sicut tabula in qua nihil est scriptum. Neque per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2633 species quas abstrahat a rebus, quia non habet organa sensus et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2634 imaginationis, quibus mediantibus species intelligibiles
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2635 abstrahuntur a rebus. Neque etiam per species prius abstractas, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2636 in anima conservatas, quia sic anima pueri nihil intelligeret post
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2637 mortem. Neque etiam per species intelligibiles divinitus influxas,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2638 haec enim cognitio non esset naturalis, de qua nunc agitur, sed
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2639 gratiae. Ergo anima separata a corpore nihil intelligit.</p><p title="I q. 89 a. 1 s. c."><a name="32184"><span class="ref">[32184] Iª q. 89 a. 1 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2640 quod philosophus dicit, in I de anima, quod <i>si non est aliqua
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2641 operationum animae propria, non contingit ipsam separari</i>.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2642 Contingit autem ipsam separari. Ergo habet aliquam operationem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2643 propriam; et maxime eam quae est intelligere. Intelligit ergo sine
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2644 corpore existens.</p><p title="I q. 89 a. 1 co."><a name="32185"><span class="ref">[32185] Iª q. 89 a. 1 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2645 quod ista quaestio difficultatem habet ex hoc quod anima, quandiu
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2646 est corpori coniuncta, non potest aliquid intelligere nisi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2647 convertendo se ad phantasmata, ut per experimentum patet. Si autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2648 hoc non est ex natura animae, sed per accidens hoc convenit ei ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2649 eo quod corpori alligatur, sicut Platonici posuerunt, de facili
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2650 quaestio solvi posset. Nam remoto impedimento corporis, rediret
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2651 anima ad suam naturam, ut intelligeret intelligibilia simpliciter,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2652 non convertendo se ad phantasmata, sicut est de aliis substantiis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2653 separatis. Sed secundum hoc, non esset anima corpori unita propter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2654 melius animae, si peius intelligeret corpori unita quam separata;
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2655 sed hoc esset solum propter melius corporis, quod est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2656 irrationabile, cum materia sit propter formam, et non e converso.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2657 Si autem ponamus quod anima ex sua natura habeat ut intelligat
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2658 convertendo se ad phantasmata, cum natura animae per mortem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2659 corporis non mutetur, videtur quod anima naturaliter nihil possit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2660 intelligere, cum non sint ei praesto phantasmata ad quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2661 convertatur. Et ideo ad hanc difficultatem tollendam, considerandum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2662 est quod, cum nihil operetur nisi inquantum est actu, modus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2663 operandi uniuscuiusque rei sequitur modum essendi ipsius. Habet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2664 autem anima alium modum essendi cum unitur corpori, et cum fuerit a
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2665 corpore separata, manente tamen eadem animae natura; non ita quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2666 uniri corpori sit ei accidentale, sed per rationem suae naturae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2667 corpori unitur; sicut nec levis natura mutatur cum est in loco
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2668 proprio, quod est ei naturale, et cum est extra proprium locum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2669 quod est ei praeter naturam. Animae igitur secundum illum modum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2670 essendi quo corpori est unita, competit modus intelligendi per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2671 conversionem ad phantasmata corporum, quae in corporeis organis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2672 sunt, cum autem fuerit a corpore separata, competit ei modus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2673 intelligendi per conversionem ad ea quae sunt intelligibilia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2674 simpliciter, sicut et aliis substantiis separatis. Unde modus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2675 intelligendi per conversionem ad phantasmata est animae naturalis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2676 sicut et corpori uniri, sed esse separatum a corpore est praeter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2677 rationem suae naturae, et similiter intelligere sine conversione ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2678 phantasmata est ei praeter naturam. Et ideo ad hoc unitur corpori,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2679 ut sit et operetur secundum naturam suam. Sed hoc rursus habet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2680 dubitationem. Cum enim natura semper ordinetur ad id quod melius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2681 est; est autem melior modus intelligendi per conversionem ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2682 intelligibilia simpliciter, quam per conversionem ad phantasmata,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2683 debuit sic a Deo institui animae natura, ut modus intelligendi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2684 nobilior ei esset naturalis, et non indigeret corpori propter hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2685 uniri. Considerandum est igitur quod, etsi intelligere per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2686 conversionem ad superiora sit simpliciter nobilius quam intelligere
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2687 per conversionem ad phantasmata; tamen ille modus intelligendi,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2688 prout erat possibilis animae, erat imperfectior. Quod sic patet. In
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2689 omnibus enim substantiis intellectualibus invenitur virtus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2690 intellectiva per influentiam divini luminis. Quod quidem in primo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2691 principio est unum et simplex; et quanto magis creaturae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2692 intellectuales distant a primo principio, tanto magis dividitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2693 illud lumen et diversificatur, sicut accidit in lineis a centro
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2694 egredientibus. Et inde est quod Deus per unam suam essentiam omnia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2695 intelligit; superiores autem intellectualium substantiarum, etsi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2696 per plures formas intelligant, tamen intelligunt per pauciores, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2697 magis universales, et virtuosiores ad comprehensionem rerum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2698 propter efficaciam virtutis intellectivae quae est in eis; in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2699 inferioribus autem sunt formae plures, et minus universales, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2700 minus efficaces ad comprehensionem rerum, inquantum deficiunt a
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2701 virtute intellectiva superiorum. Si ergo inferiores substantiae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2702 haberent formas in illa universalitate in qua habent superiores,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2703 quia non sunt tantae efficaciae in intelligendo, non acciperent per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2704 eas perfectam cognitionem de rebus, sed in quadam communitate et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2705 confusione. Quod aliqualiter apparet in hominibus, nam qui sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2706 debilioris intellectus, per universales conceptiones magis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2707 intelligentium non accipiunt perfectam cognitionem, nisi eis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2708 singula in speciali explicentur. Manifestum est autem inter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2709 substantias intellectuales, secundum naturae ordinem, infimas esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2710 animas humanas. Hoc autem perfectio universi exigebat, ut diversi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2711 gradus in rebus essent. Si igitur animae humanae sic essent
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2712 institutae a Deo ut intelligerent per modum qui competit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2713 substantiis separatis, non haberent cognitionem perfectam, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2714 confusam in communi. Ad hoc ergo quod perfectam et propriam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2715 cognitionem de rebus habere possent, sic naturaliter sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2716 institutae ut corporibus uniantur, et sic ab ipsis rebus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2717 sensibilibus propriam de eis cognitionem accipiant; sicut homines
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2718 rudes ad scientiam induci non possunt nisi per sensibilia exempla.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2719 Sic ergo patet quod propter melius animae est ut corpori uniatur,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2720 et intelligat per conversionem ad phantasmata; et tamen esse potest
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2721 separata, et alium modum intelligendi habere.</p><p title="I q. 89 a. 1 ad 1"><a name="32186"><span class="ref">[32186] Iª q. 89 a. 1 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2722 dicendum quod, si diligenter verba philosophi discutiantur,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2723 philosophus hoc dixit ex quadam suppositione prius facta, scilicet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2724 quod intelligere sit quidam motus coniuncti, sicut et sentire,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2725 nondum enim differentiam ostenderat inter intellectum et sensum.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2726 Vel potest dici quod loquitur de illo modo intelligendi qui est per
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2727 conversionem ad phantasmata.</p><p title="I q. 89 a. 1 ad 2"><a name="32187"><span class="ref">[32187] Iª q. 89 a. 1 ad 2</span></a> De quo etiam
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2728 procedit secunda ratio.</p><p title="I q. 89 a. 1 ad 3"><a name="32188"><span class="ref">[32188] Iª q. 89 a. 1 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2729 dicendum quod anima separata non intelligit per species innatas;
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2730 nec per species quas tunc abstrahit; nec solum per species
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2731 conservatas, ut obiectio probat, sed per species ex influentia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2732 divini luminis participatas, quarum anima fit particeps sicut et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2733 aliae substantiae separatae, quamvis inferiori modo. Unde tam cito
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2734 cessante conversione ad corpus, ad superiora convertitur. Nec tamen
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2735 propter hoc cognitio non est naturalis, quia Deus est auctor non
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2736 solum influentiae gratuiti luminis, sed etiam naturalis.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 2</h3><p title="I q. 89 a. 2 arg. 1"><a name="32189"><span class="ref">[32189] Iª q. 89 a. 2 arg. 1</span></a> Ad secundum sic
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2737 proceditur. Videtur quod anima separata non intelligat substantias
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2738 separatas. Perfectior enim est anima corpori coniuncta, quam a
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2739 corpore separata, cum anima sit naturaliter pars humanae naturae;
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2740 quaelibet autem pars perfectior est in suo toto. Sed anima
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2741 coniuncta corpori non intelligit substantias separatas, ut supra
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2742 habitum est. Ergo multo minus cum fuerit a corpore separata.</p><p title="I q. 89 a. 2 arg. 2"><a name="32190"><span class="ref">[32190] Iª q. 89 a. 2 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea, omne
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2743 quod cognoscitur, vel cognoscitur per sui praesentiam, vel per suam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2744 speciem. Sed substantiae separatae non possunt cognosci ab anima
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2745 per suam praesentiam, quia nihil illabitur animae nisi solus Deus.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2746 Neque etiam per aliquas species quas anima ab Angelo abstrahere
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2747 possit, quia Angelus simplicior est quam anima. Ergo nullo modo
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2748 anima separata potest cognoscere substantias separatas.</p><p title="I q. 89 a. 2 arg. 3"><a name="32191"><span class="ref">[32191] Iª q. 89 a. 2 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2749 quidam philosophi posuerunt in cognitione separatarum substantiarum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2750 consistere ultimam hominis felicitatem. Si ergo anima separata
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2751 potest intelligere substantias separatas, ex sola sua separatione
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2752 consequitur felicitatem. Quod est inconveniens.</p><p title="I q. 89 a. 2 s. c."><a name="32192"><span class="ref">[32192] Iª q. 89 a. 2 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2753 quod animae separatae cognoscunt alias animas separatas; sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2754 dives in Inferno positus vidit Lazarum et Abraham, Luc. XVI. Ergo
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2755 vident etiam et Daemones et Angelos animae separatae.</p><p title="I q. 89 a. 2 co."><a name="32193"><span class="ref">[32193] Iª q. 89 a. 2 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2756 quod, sicut Augustinus dicit in IX de Trin., <i>mens nostra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2757 cognitionem rerum incorporearum per seipsam accipit</i>, idest
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2758 cognoscendo seipsam, sicut supra dictum est. Per hoc ergo quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2759 anima separata cognoscit seipsam, accipere possumus qualiter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2760 cognoscit alias substantias separatas. Dictum est autem quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2761 quandiu anima corpori est unita, intelligit convertendo se ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2762 phantasmata. Et ideo nec seipsam potest intelligere nisi inquantum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2763 fit actu intelligens per speciem a phantasmatibus abstractam, sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2764 enim per actum suum intelligit seipsam, ut supra dictum est. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2765 cum fuerit a corpore separata, intelliget non convertendo se ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2766 phantasmata, sed ad ea quae sunt secundum se intelligibilia, unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2767 seipsam per seipsam intelliget. Est autem commune omni substantiae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2768 separatae quod intelligat id quod est supra se, et id quod est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2769 infra se, per modum suae substantiae, sic enim intelligitur aliquid
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2770 secundum quod est in intelligente; est autem aliquid in altero per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2771 modum eius in quo est. Modus autem substantiae animae separatae est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2772 infra modum substantiae angelicae, sed est conformis modo aliarum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2773 animarum separatarum. Et ideo de aliis animabus separatis perfectam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2774 cognitionem habet; de Angelis autem imperfectam et deficientem,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2775 loquendo de cognitione naturali animae separatae. De cognitione
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2776 autem gloriae est alia ratio.</p><p title="I q. 89 a. 2 ad 1"><a name="32194"><span class="ref">[32194] Iª q. 89 a. 2 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2777 dicendum quod anima separata est quidem imperfectior, si
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2778 consideretur natura qua communicat cum natura corporis, sed tamen
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2779 quodammodo est liberior ad intelligendum, inquantum per gravedinem
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2780 et occupationem corporis a puritate intelligentiae impeditur.</p><p title="I q. 89 a. 2 ad 2"><a name="32195"><span class="ref">[32195] Iª q. 89 a. 2 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2781 dicendum quod anima separata intelligit Angelos per similitudines
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2782 divinitus impressas. Quae tamen deficiunt a perfecta
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2783 repraesentatione eorum, propter hoc quod animae natura est inferior
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2784 quam Angeli.</p><p title="I q. 89 a. 2 ad 3"><a name="32196"><span class="ref">[32196] Iª q. 89 a. 2 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2785 dicendum quod in cognitione substantiarum separatarum non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2786 quarumcumque, consistit ultima hominis felicitas, sed solius Dei,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2787 qui non potest videri nisi per gratiam. In cognitione vero aliarum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2788 substantiarum separatarum est magna felicitas, etsi non ultima, si
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2789 tamen perfecte intelligantur. Sed anima separata naturali
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2790 cognitione non perfecte eas intelligit, ut dictum est.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 3</h3><p title="I q. 89 a. 3 arg. 1"><a name="32197"><span class="ref">[32197] Iª q. 89 a. 3 arg. 1</span></a> Ad tertium sic
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2791 proceditur. Videtur quod anima separata omnia naturalia cognoscat.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2792 In substantiis enim separatis sunt rationes omnium rerum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2793 naturalium. Sed animae separatae cognoscunt substantias separatas.
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2794 Ergo cognoscunt omnia naturalia.</p><p title="I q. 89 a. 3 arg. 2"><a name="32198"><span class="ref">[32198] Iª q. 89 a. 3 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea, qui
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2795 intelligit magis intelligibile, multo magis potest intelligere
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2796 minus intelligibile. Sed anima separata intelligit substantias
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2797 separatas, quae sunt maxima intelligibilium. Ergo multo magis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2798 potest intelligere omnia naturalia, quae sunt minus
59 03759e5c1080 fix multi-para s.c. ht parents: 53 diff changeset	2799 intelligibilia.</p><div class="sc"><p title="I q. 89 a. 3 s. c. 1"><a name="32199"><span class="ref">[32199] Iª q. 89 a. 3 s. c. 1</span></a> Sed contra, in
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2800 Daemonibus magis viget naturalis cognitio quam in anima separata.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2801 Sed Daemones non omnia naturalia cognoscunt; sed multa addiscunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2802 per longi temporis experientiam, ut Isidorus dicit. Ergo neque
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2803 animae separatae omnia naturalia cognoscunt.</p><p title="I q. 89 a. 3 s. c. 2"><a name="32200"><span class="ref">[32200] Iª q. 89 a. 3 s. c. 2</span></a> Praeterea, si
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2804 anima statim cum est separata, omnia naturalia cognosceret, frustra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2805 homines studerent ad rerum scientiam capessendam. Hoc autem est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2806 inconveniens. Non ergo anima separata omnia naturalia
59 03759e5c1080 fix multi-para s.c. ht parents: 53 diff changeset	2807 cognoscit.</p></div><p title="I q. 89 a. 3 co."><a name="32201"><span class="ref">[32201] Iª q. 89 a. 3 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2808 quod, sicut supra dictum est, anima separata intelligit per species
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2809 quas recipit ex influentia divini luminis, sicut et Angeli, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2810 tamen, quia natura animae est infra naturam Angeli, cui iste modus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2811 cognoscendi est connaturalis, anima separata per huiusmodi species
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2812 non accipit perfectam rerum cognitionem, sed quasi in communi et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2813 confusam. Sicut igitur se habent Angeli ad perfectam cognitionem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2814 rerum naturalium per huiusmodi species, ita animae separatae ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2815 imperfectam et confusam. Angeli autem per huiusmodi species
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2816 cognoscunt cognitione perfecta omnia naturalia, quia omnia quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2817 Deus fecit in propriis naturis, fecit in intelligentia angelica, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2818 dicit Augustinus, super Gen. ad Litt. Unde et animae separatae de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2819 omnibus naturalibus cognitionem habent, non certam et propriam, sed
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2820 communem et confusam.</p><p title="I q. 89 a. 3 ad 1"><a name="32202"><span class="ref">[32202] Iª q. 89 a. 3 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2821 dicendum quod nec ipse Angelus per suam substantiam cognoscit omnia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2822 naturalia, sed per species quasdam, ut supra dictum est. Et ideo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2823 non propter hoc sequitur quod anima cognoscat omnia naturalia, quia
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2824 cognoscit quoquo modo substantiam separatam.</p><p title="I q. 89 a. 3 ad 2"><a name="32203"><span class="ref">[32203] Iª q. 89 a. 3 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2825 dicendum quod, sicut anima separata non perfecte intelligit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2826 substantias separatas ita nec omnia naturalia perfecte cognoscit,
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2827 sed sub quadam confusione, ut dictum est.</p><p title="I q. 89 a. 3 ad 3"><a name="32204"><span class="ref">[32204] Iª q. 89 a. 3 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2828 dicendum quod Isidorus loquitur de cognitione futurorum; quae nec
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2829 Angeli nec Daemones nec animae separatae cognoscunt, nisi vel in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2830 suis causis, vel per revelationem divinam. Nos autem loquimur de
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2831 cognitione naturalium.</p><p title="I q. 89 a. 3 ad 4"><a name="32205"><span class="ref">[32205] Iª q. 89 a. 3 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2832 dicendum quod cognitio quae acquiritur hic per studium, est propria
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2833 et perfecta; illa autem est confusa. Unde non sequitur quod studium
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2834 addiscendi sit frustra.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 4</h3><p title="I q. 89 a. 4 arg. 1"><a name="32206"><span class="ref">[32206] Iª q. 89 a. 4 arg. 1</span></a> Ad quartum sic
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2835 proceditur. Videtur quod anima separata non cognoscat singularia.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2836 Nulla enim potentia cognoscitiva remanet in anima separata nisi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2837 intellectus, ut ex supra dictis patet. Sed intellectus non est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2838 cognoscitivus singularium, ut supra habitum est. Ergo anima
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2839 separata singularia non cognoscit.</p><p title="I q. 89 a. 4 arg. 2"><a name="32207"><span class="ref">[32207] Iª q. 89 a. 4 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea, magis
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2840 est determinata cognitio qua cognoscitur aliquid in singulari, quam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2841 illa qua cognoscitur aliquid in universali. Sed anima separata non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2842 habet determinatam cognitionem de speciebus rerum naturalium. Multo
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2843 igitur minus cognoscit singularia.</p><p title="I q. 89 a. 4 arg. 3"><a name="32208"><span class="ref">[32208] Iª q. 89 a. 4 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea, si
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2844 cognoscit singularia, et non per sensum, pari ratione omnia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2845 singularia cognosceret. Sed non cognoscit omnia singularia. Ergo
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2846 nulla cognoscit.</p><p title="I q. 89 a. 4 s. c."><a name="32209"><span class="ref">[32209] Iª q. 89 a. 4 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2847 quod dives in Inferno positus dixit, habeo quinque fratres, ut
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2848 habetur Luc. XVI.</p><p title="I q. 89 a. 4 co."><a name="32210"><span class="ref">[32210] Iª q. 89 a. 4 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2849 quod animae separatae aliqua singularia cognoscunt, sed non omnia,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2850 etiam quae sunt praesentia. Ad cuius evidentiam, considerandum est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2851 quod duplex est modus intelligendi. Unus per abstractionem a
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2852 phantasmatibus, et secundum istum modum singularia per intellectum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2853 cognosci non possunt directe, sed indirecte, sicut supra dictum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2854 est. Alius modus intelligendi est per influentiam specierum a Deo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2855 et per istum modum intellectus potest singularia cognoscere. Sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2856 enim ipse Deus per suam essentiam, inquantum est causa universalium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2857 et individualium principiorum, cognoscit omnia et universalia et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2858 singularia, ut supra dictum est; ita substantiae separatae per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2859 species, quae sunt quaedam participatae similitudines illius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2860 divinae essentiae, possunt singularia cognoscere. In hoc tamen est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2861 differentia inter Angelos et animas separatas, quia Angeli per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2862 huiusmodi species habent perfectam et propriam cognitionem de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2863 rebus, animae vero separatae confusam. Unde Angeli, propter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2864 efficaciam sui intellectus per huiusmodi species non solum naturas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2865 rerum in speciali cognoscere possunt, sed etiam singularia sub
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2866 speciebus contenta. Animae vero separatae non possunt cognoscere
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2867 per huiusmodi species nisi solum singularia illa ad quae quodammodo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2868 determinantur, vel per praecedentem cognitionem, vel per aliquam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2869 affectionem, vel per naturalem habitudinem, vel per divinam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2870 ordinationem, quia omne quod recipitur in aliquo, determinatur in
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2871 eo secundum modum recipientis.</p><p title="I q. 89 a. 4 ad 1"><a name="32211"><span class="ref">[32211] Iª q. 89 a. 4 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2872 dicendum quod intellectus per viam abstractionis non est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2873 cognoscitivus singularium. Sic autem anima separata non intelligit,
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2874 sed sicut dictum est.</p><p title="I q. 89 a. 4 ad 2"><a name="32212"><span class="ref">[32212] Iª q. 89 a. 4 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2875 dicendum quod ad illarum rerum species vel individua cognitio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2876 animae separatae determinatur, ad quae anima separata habet aliquam
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2877 determinatam habitudinem, sicut dictum est.</p><p title="I q. 89 a. 4 ad 3"><a name="32213"><span class="ref">[32213] Iª q. 89 a. 4 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2878 dicendum quod anima separata non se habet aequaliter ad omnia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2879 singularia, sed ad quaedam habet aliquam habitudinem quam non habet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2880 ad alia. Et ideo non est aequalis ratio ut omnia singularia
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2881 cognoscat.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 5</h3><p title="I q. 89 a. 5 arg. 1"><a name="32214"><span class="ref">[32214] Iª q. 89 a. 5 arg. 1</span></a> Ad quintum sic
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2882 proceditur. Videtur quod habitus scientiae hic acquisitae non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2883 remaneat in anima separata. Dicit enim apostolus, I ad Cor. XIII,
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2884 scientia destruetur.</p><p title="I q. 89 a. 5 arg. 2"><a name="32215"><span class="ref">[32215] Iª q. 89 a. 5 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2885 quidam minus boni in hoc mundo scientia pollent, aliis magis bonis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2886 carentibus scientia. Si ergo habitus scientiae permaneret etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2887 post mortem in anima, sequeretur quod aliqui minus boni etiam in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2888 futuro statu essent potiores aliquibus magis bonis. Quod videtur
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2889 inconveniens.</p><p title="I q. 89 a. 5 arg. 3"><a name="32216"><span class="ref">[32216] Iª q. 89 a. 5 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2890 animae separatae habebunt scientiam per influentiam divini luminis.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2891 Si igitur scientia hic acquisita in anima separata remaneat,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2892 sequetur quod duae erunt formae unius speciei in eodem subiecto.
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2893 Quod est impossibile.</p><p title="I q. 89 a. 5 arg. 4"><a name="32217"><span class="ref">[32217] Iª q. 89 a. 5 arg. 4</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2894 philosophus dicit, in libro Praedicament., quod <i>habitus est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2895 qualitas difficile mobilis; sed ab aegritudine, vel ab aliquo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2896 huiusmodi, quandoque corrumpitur scientia</i>. Sed nulla est ita
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2897 fortis immutatio in hac vita, sicut immutatio quae est per mortem.
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2898 Ergo videtur quod habitus scientiae per mortem corrumpatur.</p><p title="I q. 89 a. 5 s. c."><a name="32218"><span class="ref">[32218] Iª q. 89 a. 5 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2899 quod Hieronymus dicit, in epistola ad Paulinum, <i>discamus in
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2900 terris, quorum scientia nobis perseveret in caelo</i>.</p><p title="I q. 89 a. 5 co."><a name="32219"><span class="ref">[32219] Iª q. 89 a. 5 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2901 quod quidam posuerunt habitum scientiae non esse in ipso
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2902 intellectu, sed in viribus sensitivis, scilicet imaginativa,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2903 cogitativa et memorativa; et quod species intelligibiles non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2904 conservantur in intellectu possibili. Et si haec opinio vera esset,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2905 sequeretur quod, destructo corpore, totaliter habitus scientiae hic
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2906 acquisitae destrueretur. Sed quia scientia est in intellectu, qui
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2907 est locus specierum, ut dicitur in III de anima; oportet quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2908 habitus scientiae hic acquisitae partim sit in praedictis viribus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2909 sensitivis, et partim in ipso intellectu. Et hoc potest considerari
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2910 ex ipsis actibus ex quibus habitus scientiae acquiritur, nam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2911 <i>habitus sunt similes actibus ex quibus acquiruntur</i>, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2912 dicitur in II Ethic. Actus autem intellectus ex quibus in praesenti
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2913 vita scientia acquiritur, sunt per conversionem intellectus ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2914 phantasmata, quae sunt in praedictis viribus sensitivis. Unde per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2915 tales actus et ipsi intellectui possibili acquiritur facultas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2916 quaedam ad considerandum per species susceptas; et in praedictis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2917 inferioribus viribus acquiritur quaedam habilitas ut facilius per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2918 conversionem ad ipsas intellectus possit intelligibilia speculari.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2919 Sed sicut actus intellectus principaliter quidem et formaliter est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2920 in ipso intellectu, materialiter autem et dispositive in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2921 inferioribus viribus, idem etiam dicendum est de habitu. Quantum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2922 ergo ad id quod aliquis praesentis scientiae habet in inferioribus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2923 viribus, non remanebit in anima separata, sed quantum ad id quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2924 habet in ipso intellectu, necesse est ut remaneat. Quia, ut dicitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2925 in libro de longitudine et brevitate vitae, dupliciter corrumpitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2926 aliqua forma, uno modo, per se, quando corrumpitur a suo contrario,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2927 ut calidum a frigido; alio modo, per accidens, scilicet per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2928 corruptionem subiecti. Manifestum est autem quod per corruptionem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2929 subiecti, scientia quae est in intellectu humano, corrumpi non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2930 potest, cum intellectus sit incorruptibilis, ut supra ostensum est.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2931 Similiter etiam nec per contrarium corrumpi possunt species
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2932 intelligibiles quae sunt in intellectu possibili, quia intentioni
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2933 intelligibili nihil est contrarium; et praecipue quantum ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2934 simplicem intelligentiam, qua intelligitur quod quid est. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2935 quantum ad operationem qua intellectus componit et dividit, vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2936 etiam ratiocinatur, sic invenitur contrarietas in intellectu,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2937 secundum quod falsum in propositione vel in argumentatione est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2938 contrarium vero. Et hoc modo interdum scientia corrumpitur per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2939 contrarium, dum scilicet aliquis per falsam argumentationem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2940 abducitur a scientia veritatis. Et ideo philosophus, in libro
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2941 praedicto, ponit duos modos quibus scientia per se corrumpitur,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2942 scilicet oblivionem, ex parte memorativae, et deceptionem, ex parte
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2943 argumentationis falsae. Sed hoc non habet locum in anima separata.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2944 Unde dicendum est quod habitus scientiae, secundum quod est in
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2945 intellectu manet in anima separata.</p><p title="I q. 89 a. 5 ad 1"><a name="32220"><span class="ref">[32220] Iª q. 89 a. 5 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2946 dicendum quod apostolus non loquitur ibi de scientia quantum ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2947 habitum, sed quantum ad cognitionis actum. Unde ad huius
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2948 probationem inducit, nunc cognosco ex parte.</p><p title="I q. 89 a. 5 ad 2"><a name="32221"><span class="ref">[32221] Iª q. 89 a. 5 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2949 dicendum quod, sicut secundum staturam corporis aliquis minus bonus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2950 erit maior aliquo magis bono; ita nihil prohibet aliquem minus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2951 bonum habere aliquem scientiae habitum in futuro, quem non habet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2952 aliquis magis bonus. Sed tamen hoc quasi nullius momenti est in
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2953 comparatione ad alias praerogativas quas meliores habebunt.</p><p title="I q. 89 a. 5 ad 3"><a name="32222"><span class="ref">[32222] Iª q. 89 a. 5 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2954 dicendum quod utraque scientia non est unius rationis. Unde nullum
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2955 inconveniens sequitur.</p><p title="I q. 89 a. 5 ad 4"><a name="32223"><span class="ref">[32223] Iª q. 89 a. 5 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2956 dicendum quod ratio illa procedit de corruptione scientiae quantum
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2957 ad id quod habet ex parte sensitivarum virium.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 6</h3><p title="I q. 89 a. 6 arg. 1"><a name="32224"><span class="ref">[32224] Iª q. 89 a. 6 arg. 1</span></a> Ad sextum sic
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2958 proceditur. Videtur quod actus scientiae hic acquisitae non maneat
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2959 in anima separata. Dicit enim philosophus, in I de anima, quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2960 corrupto corpore, anima neque reminiscitur neque amat. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2961 considerare ea quae prius aliquis novit, est reminisci. Ergo anima
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2962 separata non potest habere actum scientiae quam hic acquisivit.</p><p title="I q. 89 a. 6 arg. 2"><a name="32225"><span class="ref">[32225] Iª q. 89 a. 6 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2963 species intelligibiles non erunt potentiores in anima separata quam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2964 sint in anima corpori unita. Sed per species intelligibiles non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2965 possumus modo intelligere, nisi convertendo nos super phantasmata,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2966 sicut supra habitum est. Ergo nec anima separata hoc poterit. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2967 ita nullo modo per species intelligibiles hic acquisitas anima
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2968 separata intelligere poterit.</p><p title="I q. 89 a. 6 arg. 3"><a name="32226"><span class="ref">[32226] Iª q. 89 a. 6 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2969 philosophus dicit, in II Ethic., quod <i>habitus similes actus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2970 reddunt actibus per quos acquiruntur</i>. Sed habitus scientiae hic
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2971 acquiritur per actus intellectus convertentis se supra phantasmata.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2972 Ergo non potest alios actus reddere. Sed tales actus non competunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2973 animae separatae. Ergo anima separata non habebit aliquem actum
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2974 scientiae hic acquisitae.</p><p title="I q. 89 a. 6 s. c."><a name="32227"><span class="ref">[32227] Iª q. 89 a. 6 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2975 quod Luc. XVI, dicitur ad divitem in Inferno positum, <i>recordare
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2976 quia recepisti bona in vita tua</i>.</p><p title="I q. 89 a. 6 co."><a name="32228"><span class="ref">[32228] Iª q. 89 a. 6 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2977 quod in actu est duo considerare, scilicet speciem actus, et modum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2978 ipsius. Et species quidem actus consideratur ex obiecto in quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2979 actus cognoscitivae virtutis dirigitur per speciem, quae est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2980 obiecti similitudo, sed modus actus pensatur ex virtute agentis.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2981 Sicut quod aliquis videat lapidem, contingit ex specie lapidis quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2982 est in oculo, sed quod acute videat, contingit ex virtute visiva
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2983 oculi. Cum igitur species intelligibiles maneant in anima separata,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2984 sicut dictum est; status autem animae separatae non sit idem sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2985 modo est, sequitur quod secundum species intelligibiles hic
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2986 acquisitas, anima separata intelligere possit quae prius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2987 intellexit; non tamen eodem modo, scilicet per conversionem ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2988 phantasmata, sed per modum convenientem animae separatae. Et ita
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2989 manet quidem in anima separata actus scientiae hic acquisitae, sed
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2990 non secundum eundem modum.</p><p title="I q. 89 a. 6 ad 1"><a name="32229"><span class="ref">[32229] Iª q. 89 a. 6 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2991 dicendum quod philosophus loquitur de reminiscentia, secundum quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2992 memoria pertinet ad partem sensitivam, non autem secundum quod
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2993 memoria est quodammodo in intellectu, ut dictum est.</p><p title="I q. 89 a. 6 ad 2"><a name="32230"><span class="ref">[32230] Iª q. 89 a. 6 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2994 dicendum quod diversus modus intelligendi non provenit ex diversa
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2995 virtute specierum, sed ex diverso statu animae intelligentis.</p><p title="I q. 89 a. 6 ad 3"><a name="32231"><span class="ref">[32231] Iª q. 89 a. 6 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2996 dicendum quod actus per quos acquiritur habitus, sunt similes
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2997 actibus quos habitus causant, quantum ad speciem actus, non autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2998 quantum ad modum agendi. Nam operari iusta, sed non iuste, idest
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2999 delectabiliter, causat habitum iustitiae politicae, per quem
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	3000 delectabiliter operamur.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 7</h3><p title="I q. 89 a. 7 arg. 1"><a name="32232"><span class="ref">[32232] Iª q. 89 a. 7 arg. 1</span></a> Ad septimum sic
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3001 proceditur. Videtur quod distantia localis impediat cognitionem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3002 animae separatae. Dicit enim Augustinus, in libro de cura pro
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3003 mortuis agenda, quod <i>animae mortuorum ibi sunt, ubi ea quae hic
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3004 fiunt scire non possunt</i>. Sciunt autem ea quae apud eos aguntur.
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	3005 Ergo distantia localis impedit cognitionem animae separatae.</p><p title="I q. 89 a. 7 arg. 2"><a name="32233"><span class="ref">[32233] Iª q. 89 a. 7 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3006 Augustinus dicit, in libro de divinatione Daemonum, quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3007 <i>Daemones, propter celeritatem motus, aliqua nobis ignota
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3008 denuntiant</i>. Sed agilitas motus ad hoc nihil faceret, si
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3009 distantia localis cognitionem Daemonis non impediret. Multo igitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3010 magis distantia localis impedit cognitionem animae separatae, quae
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	3011 est inferior secundum naturam quam Daemon.</p><p title="I q. 89 a. 7 arg. 3"><a name="32234"><span class="ref">[32234] Iª q. 89 a. 7 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea, sicut
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3012 distat aliquis secundum locum, ita secundum tempus sed distantia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3013 temporis impedit cognitionem animae separatae, non enim cognoscunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3014 futura. Ergo videtur quod etiam distantia secundum locum animae
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	3015 separatae cognitionem impediat.</p><p title="I q. 89 a. 7 s. c."><a name="32235"><span class="ref">[32235] Iª q. 89 a. 7 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3016 quod dicitur Luc. XVI, quod <i>dives cum esset in tormentis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3017 elevans oculos suos, vidit Abraham a longe</i>. Ergo distantia
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	3018 localis non impedit animae separatae cognitionem.</p><p title="I q. 89 a. 7 co."><a name="32236"><span class="ref">[32236] Iª q. 89 a. 7 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3019 quod quidam posuerunt quod anima separata cognosceret singularia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3020 abstrahendo a sensibilibus. Quod si esset verum, posset dici quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3021 distantia localis impediret animae separatae cognitionem,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3022 requireretur enim quod vel sensibilia agerent in animam separatam,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3023 vel anima separata in sensibilia; et quantum ad utrumque,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3024 requireretur distantia determinata. Sed praedicta positio est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3025 impossibilis, quia abstractio specierum a sensibilibus fit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3026 mediantibus sensibus et aliis potentiis sensitivis, quae in anima
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3027 separata actu non manent. Intelligit autem anima separata
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3028 singularia per influxum specierum ex divino lumine, quod quidem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3029 lumen aequaliter se habet ad propinquum et distans. Unde distantia
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	3030 localis nullo modo impedit animae separatae cognitionem.</p><p title="I q. 89 a. 7 ad 1"><a name="32237"><span class="ref">[32237] Iª q. 89 a. 7 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3031 dicendum quod Augustinus non dicit quod propter hoc quod ibi sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3032 animae mortuorum, ea quae hic sunt videre non possunt, ut localis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3033 distantia huius ignorantiae causa esse credatur, sed hoc potest
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	3034 propter aliquid aliud contingere, ut infra dicetur.</p><p title="I q. 89 a. 7 ad 2"><a name="32238"><span class="ref">[32238] Iª q. 89 a. 7 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3035 dicendum quod Augustinus ibi loquitur secundum opinionem illam qua
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3036 aliqui posuerunt quod Daemones habent corpora naturaliter sibi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3037 unita, secundum quam positionem, etiam potentias sensitivas habere
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3038 possunt, ad quarum cognitionem requiritur determinata distantia. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3039 hanc opinionem etiam in eodem libro Augustinus expresse tangit,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3040 licet eam magis recitando quam asserendo tangere videatur, ut patet
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	3041 per ea quae dicit XXI libro de Civ. Dei.</p><p title="I q. 89 a. 7 ad 3"><a name="32239"><span class="ref">[32239] Iª q. 89 a. 7 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3042 dicendum quod futura, quae distant secundum tempus, non sunt entia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3043 in actu. Unde in seipsis non sunt cognoscibilia, quia sicut deficit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3044 aliquid ab entitate, ita deficit a cognoscibilitate. Sed ea quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3045 sunt distantia secundum locum, sunt entia in actu, et secundum se
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3046 cognoscibilia. Unde non est eadem ratio de distantia locali, et de
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	3047 distantia temporis.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 8</h3><p title="I q. 89 a. 8 arg. 1"><a name="32240"><span class="ref">[32240] Iª q. 89 a. 8 arg. 1</span></a> Ad octavum sic
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3048 proceditur. Videtur quod animae separatae cognoscant ea quae hic
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3049 aguntur. Nisi enim ea cognoscerent, de eis curam non haberent. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3050 habent curam de his quae hic aguntur; secundum illud Luc. XVI,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3051 <i>habeo quinque fratres, ut testificetur illis, ne et ipsi veniant
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3052 in hunc locum tormentorum</i>. Ergo animae separatae cognoscunt ea
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	3053 quae hic aguntur.</p><p title="I q. 89 a. 8 arg. 2"><a name="32241"><span class="ref">[32241] Iª q. 89 a. 8 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3054 frequenter mortui vivis apparent, vel dormientibus vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3055 vigilantibus, et eos admonent de iis quae hic aguntur; sicut Samuel
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3056 apparuit Sauli, ut habetur I Reg. XXVIII. Sed hoc non esset si ea
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3057 quae hic sunt non cognoscerent. Ergo ea quae hic aguntur
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	3058 cognoscunt.</p><p title="I q. 89 a. 8 arg. 3"><a name="32242"><span class="ref">[32242] Iª q. 89 a. 8 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3059 animae separatae cognoscunt ea quae apud eas aguntur. Si ergo quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3060 apud nos aguntur non cognoscerent, impediretur earum cognitio per
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	3061 localem distantiam. Quod supra negatum est.</p><p title="I q. 89 a. 8 s. c."><a name="32243"><span class="ref">[32243] Iª q. 89 a. 8 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3062 quod dicitur Iob XIV, <i>sive fuerint filii eius nobiles, sive
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	3063 ignobiles, non intelliget</i>.</p><p title="I q. 89 a. 8 co."><a name="32244"><span class="ref">[32244] Iª q. 89 a. 8 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3064 quod, secundum naturalem cognitionem, de qua nunc hic agitur,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3065 animae mortuorum nesciunt quae hic aguntur. Et huius ratio ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3066 dictis accipi potest. Quia anima separata cognoscit singularia per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3067 hoc quod quodammodo determinata est ad illa, vel per vestigium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3068 alicuius praecedentis cognitionis seu affectionis, vel per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3069 ordinationem divinam. Animae autem mortuorum, secundum ordinationem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3070 divinam, et secundum modum essendi, segregatae sunt a conversatione
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3071 viventium, et coniunctae conversationi spiritualium substantiarum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3072 quae sunt a corpore separatae. Unde ea quae apud nos aguntur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3073 ignorant. Et hanc rationem assignat Gregorius in XII Moralium,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3074 dicens, <i>mortui vita in carne viventium post eos, qualiter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3075 disponatur, nesciunt, quia vita spiritus longe est a vita carnis;
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3076 et sicut corporea atque incorporea diversa sunt genere, ita sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3077 distincta cognitione</i>. Et hoc etiam Augustinus videtur tangere
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3078 in libro de cura pro mortuis agenda, dicens quod <i>animae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3079 mortuorum rebus viventium non intersunt</i>. Sed quantum ad animas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3080 beatorum, videtur esse differentia inter Gregorium et Augustinum.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3081 Nam Gregorius ibidem subdit, <i>quod tamen de animabus sanctis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3082 sentiendum non est, quia quae intus omnipotentis Dei claritatem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3083 vident, nullo modo credendum est quod sit foris aliquid quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3084 ignorent</i>. Augustinus vero, in libro de cura pro mortuis agenda,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3085 expresse dicit quod <i>nesciunt mortui, etiam sancti, quid agant
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3086 vivi et eorum filii</i>, ut habetur in Glossa, super illud,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3087 <i>Abraham nescivit nos</i>, Isaiae LXIII. Quod quidem confirmat
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3088 per hoc quod a matre sua non visitabatur, nec in tristitiis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3089 consolabatur, sicut quando vivebat; nec est probabile ut sit facta
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3090 vita feliciore crudelior. Et per hoc quod dominus promisit Iosiae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3091 regi quod prius moreretur ne videret mala quae erant populo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3092 superventura, ut habetur IV Reg. XXII. Sed Augustinus hoc dubitando
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3093 dicit, unde praemittit, <i>ut volet, accipiat quisque quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3094 dicam</i>. Gregorius autem assertive, quod patet per hoc quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3095 dicit, <i>nullo modo credendum est</i>. Magis tamen videtur,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3096 secundum sententiam Gregorii, quod animae sanctorum Deum videntes,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3097 omnia praesentia quae hic aguntur cognoscant. Sunt enim Angelis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3098 aequales, de quibus etiam Augustinus asserit quod ea quae apud
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3099 vivos aguntur non ignorant. Sed quia sanctorum animae sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3100 perfectissime iustitiae divinae coniunctae, nec tristantur, nec
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3101 rebus viventium se ingerunt, nisi secundum quod iustitiae divinae
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	3102 dispositio exigit.</p><p title="I q. 89 a. 8 ad 1"><a name="32245"><span class="ref">[32245] Iª q. 89 a. 8 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3103 dicendum quod animae mortuorum possunt habere curam de rebus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3104 viventium, etiam si ignorent eorum statum; sicut nos curam habemus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3105 de mortuis, eis suffragia impendendo, quamvis eorum statum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3106 ignoremus. Possunt etiam facta viventium non per seipsos
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3107 cognoscere, sed vel per animas eorum qui hinc ad eos accedunt; vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3108 per Angelos seu Daemones; vel etiam spiritu Dei revelante, sicut
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	3109 Augustinus in eodem libro dicit.</p><p title="I q. 89 a. 8 ad 2"><a name="32246"><span class="ref">[32246] Iª q. 89 a. 8 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3110 dicendum quod hoc quod mortui viventibus apparent qualitercumque,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3111 vel contingit per specialem Dei dispensationem, ut animae mortuorum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3112 rebus viventium intersint, et est inter divina miracula
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3113 computandum. Vel huiusmodi apparitiones fiunt per operationes
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3114 Angelorum bonorum vel malorum, etiam ignorantibus mortuis, sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3115 etiam vivi ignorantes aliis viventibus apparent in somnis, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3116 Augustinus dicit in libro praedicto. Unde et de Samuele dici potest
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3117 quod ipse apparuit per revelationem divinam; secundum hoc quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3118 dicitur Eccli. XLVI, quod <i>dormivit, et notum fecit regi finem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3119 vitae suae</i>. Vel illa apparitio fuit procurata per Daemones, si
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3120 tamen Ecclesiastici auctoritas non recipiatur, propter hoc quod
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	3121 inter canonicas Scripturas apud Hebraeos non habetur.</p><p title="I q. 89 a. 8 ad 3"><a name="32247"><span class="ref">[32247] Iª q. 89 a. 8 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3122 dicendum quod ignorantia huiusmodi non contingit ex locali
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	3123 distantia, sed propter causam praedictam.</p></div></div><div class="centro"><br/>
59 03759e5c1080 fix multi-para s.c. ht parents: 53 diff changeset	3124 <p><a href="sth1077.html"><img src="icons/ageretro.gif" width="19" height="19" align="middle" border="0" alt="age retro"/></a>
03759e5c1080 fix multi-para s.c. ht parents: 53 diff changeset	3125 <a href="sth1090.html"><img src="icons/ageultra.gif" width="19" height="19" align="middle" border="0" alt="age ultra"/></a></p>
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	3126 <br/>
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	3127 <hr/>
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	3128 <br/>
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	3129 <address>© 2006 Fundación Tomás de Aquino quoad
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	3130 hanc editionem<br/>
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	3131 Iura omnia asservantur<br/>
59 03759e5c1080 fix multi-para s.c. ht parents: 53 diff changeset	3132 OCLC nr. <a href="http://worldcatlibraries.org/wcpa/oclc/49644264" style="text-decoration=none">49644264</a></address>
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	3133 </div></body>
59 03759e5c1080 fix multi-para s.c. ht parents: 53 diff changeset	3134 </html>

Mercurial > hg > Aquinas

annotate summa/latin/sth1084.html @ 131:b97d856cd2bb