Aquinas: summa/latin/sth3109.html annotate

annotate summa/latin/sth3109.html @ 94:4fa8e40d9df7

minor fixups through to the end

author	ht
date	Sun, 01 Jun 2014 11:19:28 +0000
parents	03759e5c1080
children

rev	line source
59 03759e5c1080 fix multi-para s.c. ht parents: 53 diff changeset	1 <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "file:///c:/cygwin/usr/local/share/lib/xml/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
03759e5c1080 fix multi-para s.c. ht parents: 53 diff changeset	2 <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" lang="LA" xml:lang="LA">
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	3 <head>
59 03759e5c1080 fix multi-para s.c. ht parents: 53 diff changeset	4 <meta name="generator" content="HTML Tidy for Windows (vers 1st February 2005), see www.w3.org"/>
03759e5c1080 fix multi-para s.c. ht parents: 53 diff changeset	5 <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=us-ascii"/>
03759e5c1080 fix multi-para s.c. ht parents: 53 diff changeset	6 <meta http-equiv="Content-Style-Type" content="text/css"/>
03759e5c1080 fix multi-para s.c. ht parents: 53 diff changeset	7 <meta http-equiv="Content-Script-Type" content="text/javascript"/>
03759e5c1080 fix multi-para s.c. ht parents: 53 diff changeset	8 <meta name="keywords" content="Thomas de Aquino, Summa Theologiae, Corpus Thomisticum"/>
03759e5c1080 fix multi-para s.c. ht parents: 53 diff changeset	9 <meta name="language" content="Latin"/>
03759e5c1080 fix multi-para s.c. ht parents: 53 diff changeset	10 <meta name="security" content="public"/>
03759e5c1080 fix multi-para s.c. ht parents: 53 diff changeset	11 <meta name="owner" content="ealarcon@unav.es"/>
03759e5c1080 fix multi-para s.c. ht parents: 53 diff changeset	12 <meta name="author" content="Enrique Alarcón"/>
03759e5c1080 fix multi-para s.c. ht parents: 53 diff changeset	13 <meta name="abstract" content=""/>
03759e5c1080 fix multi-para s.c. ht parents: 53 diff changeset	14 <link rel="stylesheet" media="screen" href="vscreen.css" type="text/css"/>
03759e5c1080 fix multi-para s.c. ht parents: 53 diff changeset	15 <link rel="stylesheet" media="print" href="vprint.css" type="text/css"/>
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	16 <title>Thomas de Aquino, Summa Theologiae, IIª-IIae q.
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	17 109-120</title>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	18 </head>
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	19 <body><a href="http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/"/><div class="tres">CORPUS THOMISTICUM</div><div class="uno">Sancti Thomae de Aquino</div><div class="uno">Summa Theologiae</div><div class="dos">secunda pars secundae partis a quaestione CIX ad
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	20 CXX</div><div class="centro">
59 03759e5c1080 fix multi-para s.c. ht parents: 53 diff changeset	21 <table align="center" summary="Imago">
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	22 <tr>
59 03759e5c1080 fix multi-para s.c. ht parents: 53 diff changeset	23 <th><img src="icons/fugit190.jpg" width="275" height="190" border="0" alt="Thomas de Aquino a Filippino Lippi depictus (Cappella Carafa, S. Maria sopra Minerva, Roma)" align="middle"/></th>
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	24 </tr>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	25 </table>
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	26 <br/>
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	27 <span class="tres">Textum Leoninum Romae 1897 editum<br/>
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	28 ac automato translatum a Roberto Busa SJ in taenias
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	29 magneticas<br/>
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	30 denuo recognovit Enrique Alarcón atque instruxit<br/>
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	31 <br/></span><br/>
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	32 <hr/>
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	33 <br/>
59 03759e5c1080 fix multi-para s.c. ht parents: 53 diff changeset	34 <p><a href="sth3106.html"><img src="icons/ageretro.gif" width="19" height="19" align="middle" border="0" alt="age retro"/></a>
03759e5c1080 fix multi-para s.c. ht parents: 53 diff changeset	35 <a href="sth3121.html"><img src="icons/ageultra.gif" width="19" height="19" align="middle" border="0" alt="age ultra"/></a></p>
03759e5c1080 fix multi-para s.c. ht parents: 53 diff changeset	36 <script language="JavaScript" type="text/javascript">
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	37 //
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	38 <!--
26 4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	39 // original code by Bill Trefzger 12/12/96; revised by Enrique Alarcon 12/9/2000
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	40 function go(){if(document.selecter.select1.options[document.selecter.select1.selectedIndex].value !="none"){location=document.selecter.select1.options[document.selecter.select1.selectedIndex].value}}
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	41 document.write('<FORM NAME="selecter"><SELECT NAME="select1">');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	42 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="none">INDEX');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	43 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="none">------------------------------------------------');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	44 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="index.html">Corpus Thomisticum');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	45 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="iopera.html">Opera omnia');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	46 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="zbiblia.html">Bibliographia Thomistica');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	47 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="none">------------------------------------------------');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	48 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#43609">II&ordf;-IIae q. 109 pr.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	49 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#43610">II&ordf;-IIae q. 109 a. 1 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	50 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#43611">II&ordf;-IIae q. 109 a. 1 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	51 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#43612">II&ordf;-IIae q. 109 a. 1 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	52 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#43613">II&ordf;-IIae q. 109 a. 1 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	53 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#43614">II&ordf;-IIae q. 109 a. 1 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	54 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#43615">II&ordf;-IIae q. 109 a. 1 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	55 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#43616">II&ordf;-IIae q. 109 a. 1 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	56 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#43617">II&ordf;-IIae q. 109 a. 1 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	57 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#43618">II&ordf;-IIae q. 109 a. 2 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	58 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#43619">II&ordf;-IIae q. 109 a. 2 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	59 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#43620">II&ordf;-IIae q. 109 a. 2 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	60 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#43621">II&ordf;-IIae q. 109 a. 2 arg. 4');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	61 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#43622">II&ordf;-IIae q. 109 a. 2 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	62 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#43623">II&ordf;-IIae q. 109 a. 2 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	63 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#43624">II&ordf;-IIae q. 109 a. 2 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	64 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#43625">II&ordf;-IIae q. 109 a. 2 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	65 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#43626">II&ordf;-IIae q. 109 a. 2 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	66 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#43627">II&ordf;-IIae q. 109 a. 2 ad 4');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	67 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#43628">II&ordf;-IIae q. 109 a. 3 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	68 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#43629">II&ordf;-IIae q. 109 a. 3 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	69 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#43630">II&ordf;-IIae q. 109 a. 3 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	70 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#43631">II&ordf;-IIae q. 109 a. 3 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	71 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#43632">II&ordf;-IIae q. 109 a. 3 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	72 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#43633">II&ordf;-IIae q. 109 a. 3 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	73 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#43634">II&ordf;-IIae q. 109 a. 3 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	74 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#43635">II&ordf;-IIae q. 109 a. 3 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	75 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#43636">II&ordf;-IIae q. 109 a. 4 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	76 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#43637">II&ordf;-IIae q. 109 a. 4 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	77 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#43638">II&ordf;-IIae q. 109 a. 4 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	78 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#43639">II&ordf;-IIae q. 109 a. 4 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	79 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#43640">II&ordf;-IIae q. 109 a. 4 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	80 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#43641">II&ordf;-IIae q. 109 a. 4 ad');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	81 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#43642">II&ordf;-IIae q. 110 pr.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	82 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#43643">II&ordf;-IIae q. 110 a. 1 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	83 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#43644">II&ordf;-IIae q. 110 a. 1 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	84 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#43645">II&ordf;-IIae q. 110 a. 1 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	85 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#43646">II&ordf;-IIae q. 110 a. 1 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	86 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#43647">II&ordf;-IIae q. 110 a. 1 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	87 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#43648">II&ordf;-IIae q. 110 a. 1 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	88 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#43649">II&ordf;-IIae q. 110 a. 1 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	89 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#43650">II&ordf;-IIae q. 110 a. 1 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	90 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#43651">II&ordf;-IIae q. 110 a. 2 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	91 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#43652">II&ordf;-IIae q. 110 a. 2 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	92 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#43653">II&ordf;-IIae q. 110 a. 2 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	93 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#43654">II&ordf;-IIae q. 110 a. 2 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	94 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#43655">II&ordf;-IIae q. 110 a. 2 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	95 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#43656">II&ordf;-IIae q. 110 a. 2 ad');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	96 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#43657">II&ordf;-IIae q. 110 a. 3 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	97 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#43658">II&ordf;-IIae q. 110 a. 3 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	98 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#43659">II&ordf;-IIae q. 110 a. 3 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	99 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#43660">II&ordf;-IIae q. 110 a. 3 arg. 4');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	100 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#43661">II&ordf;-IIae q. 110 a. 3 arg. 5');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	101 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#43662">II&ordf;-IIae q. 110 a. 3 arg. 6');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	102 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#43663">II&ordf;-IIae q. 110 a. 3 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	103 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#43664">II&ordf;-IIae q. 110 a. 3 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	104 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#43665">II&ordf;-IIae q. 110 a. 3 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	105 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#43666">II&ordf;-IIae q. 110 a. 3 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	106 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#43667">II&ordf;-IIae q. 110 a. 3 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	107 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#43668">II&ordf;-IIae q. 110 a. 3 ad 4');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	108 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#43669">II&ordf;-IIae q. 110 a. 3 ad 5');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	109 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#43670">II&ordf;-IIae q. 110 a. 3 ad 6');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	110 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#43671">II&ordf;-IIae q. 110 a. 4 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	111 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#43672">II&ordf;-IIae q. 110 a. 4 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	112 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#43673">II&ordf;-IIae q. 110 a. 4 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	113 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#43674">II&ordf;-IIae q. 110 a. 4 arg. 4');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	114 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#43675">II&ordf;-IIae q. 110 a. 4 arg. 5');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	115 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#43676">II&ordf;-IIae q. 110 a. 4 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	116 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#43677">II&ordf;-IIae q. 110 a. 4 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	117 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#43678">II&ordf;-IIae q. 110 a. 4 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	118 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#43679">II&ordf;-IIae q. 110 a. 4 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	119 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#43680">II&ordf;-IIae q. 110 a. 4 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	120 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#43681">II&ordf;-IIae q. 110 a. 4 ad 4');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	121 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#43682">II&ordf;-IIae q. 110 a. 4 ad 5');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	122 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#43683">II&ordf;-IIae q. 111 pr.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	123 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#43684">II&ordf;-IIae q. 111 a. 1 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	124 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#43685">II&ordf;-IIae q. 111 a. 1 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	125 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#43686">II&ordf;-IIae q. 111 a. 1 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	126 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#43687">II&ordf;-IIae q. 111 a. 1 arg. 4');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	127 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#43688">II&ordf;-IIae q. 111 a. 1 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	128 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#43689">II&ordf;-IIae q. 111 a. 1 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	129 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#43690">II&ordf;-IIae q. 111 a. 1 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	130 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#43691">II&ordf;-IIae q. 111 a. 1 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	131 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#43692">II&ordf;-IIae q. 111 a. 1 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	132 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#43693">II&ordf;-IIae q. 111 a. 1 ad 4');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	133 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#43694">II&ordf;-IIae q. 111 a. 2 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	134 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#43695">II&ordf;-IIae q. 111 a. 2 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	135 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#43696">II&ordf;-IIae q. 111 a. 2 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	136 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#43697">II&ordf;-IIae q. 111 a. 2 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	137 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#43698">II&ordf;-IIae q. 111 a. 2 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	138 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#43699">II&ordf;-IIae q. 111 a. 2 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	139 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#43700">II&ordf;-IIae q. 111 a. 2 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	140 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#43701">II&ordf;-IIae q. 111 a. 2 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	141 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#43702">II&ordf;-IIae q. 111 a. 3 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	142 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#43703">II&ordf;-IIae q. 111 a. 3 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	143 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#43704">II&ordf;-IIae q. 111 a. 3 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	144 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#43705">II&ordf;-IIae q. 111 a. 3 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	145 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#43706">II&ordf;-IIae q. 111 a. 3 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	146 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#43707">II&ordf;-IIae q. 111 a. 3 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	147 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#43708">II&ordf;-IIae q. 111 a. 3 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	148 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#43709">II&ordf;-IIae q. 111 a. 3 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	149 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#43710">II&ordf;-IIae q. 111 a. 4 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	150 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#43711">II&ordf;-IIae q. 111 a. 4 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	151 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#43712">II&ordf;-IIae q. 111 a. 4 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	152 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#43713">II&ordf;-IIae q. 111 a. 4 s. c. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	153 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#43714">II&ordf;-IIae q. 111 a. 4 s. c. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	154 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#43715">II&ordf;-IIae q. 111 a. 4 s. c. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	155 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#43716">II&ordf;-IIae q. 111 a. 4 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	156 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#43717">II&ordf;-IIae q. 111 a. 4 ad');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	157 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#43718">II&ordf;-IIae q. 112 pr.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	158 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#43719">II&ordf;-IIae q. 112 a. 1 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	159 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#43720">II&ordf;-IIae q. 112 a. 1 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	160 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#43721">II&ordf;-IIae q. 112 a. 1 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	161 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#43722">II&ordf;-IIae q. 112 a. 1 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	162 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#43723">II&ordf;-IIae q. 112 a. 1 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	163 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#43724">II&ordf;-IIae q. 112 a. 1 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	164 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#43725">II&ordf;-IIae q. 112 a. 1 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	165 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#43726">II&ordf;-IIae q. 112 a. 1 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	166 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#43727">II&ordf;-IIae q. 112 a. 2 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	167 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#43728">II&ordf;-IIae q. 112 a. 2 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	168 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#43729">II&ordf;-IIae q. 112 a. 2 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	169 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#43730">II&ordf;-IIae q. 112 a. 2 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	170 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#43731">II&ordf;-IIae q. 112 a. 2 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	171 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#43732">II&ordf;-IIae q. 112 a. 2 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	172 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#43733">II&ordf;-IIae q. 112 a. 2 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	173 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#43734">II&ordf;-IIae q. 112 a. 2 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	174 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#43735">II&ordf;-IIae q. 113 pr.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	175 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#43736">II&ordf;-IIae q. 113 a. 1 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	176 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#43737">II&ordf;-IIae q. 113 a. 1 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	177 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#43738">II&ordf;-IIae q. 113 a. 1 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	178 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#43739">II&ordf;-IIae q. 113 a. 1 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	179 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#43740">II&ordf;-IIae q. 113 a. 1 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	180 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#43741">II&ordf;-IIae q. 113 a. 1 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	181 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#43742">II&ordf;-IIae q. 113 a. 1 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	182 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#43743">II&ordf;-IIae q. 113 a. 1 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	183 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#43744">II&ordf;-IIae q. 113 a. 2 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	184 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#43745">II&ordf;-IIae q. 113 a. 2 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	185 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#43746">II&ordf;-IIae q. 113 a. 2 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	186 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#43747">II&ordf;-IIae q. 113 a. 2 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	187 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#43748">II&ordf;-IIae q. 113 a. 2 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	188 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#43749">II&ordf;-IIae q. 113 a. 2 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	189 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#43750">II&ordf;-IIae q. 113 a. 2 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	190 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#43751">II&ordf;-IIae q. 113 a. 2 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	191 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#43752">II&ordf;-IIae q. 114 pr.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	192 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#43753">II&ordf;-IIae q. 114 a. 1 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	193 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#43754">II&ordf;-IIae q. 114 a. 1 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	194 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#43755">II&ordf;-IIae q. 114 a. 1 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	195 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#43756">II&ordf;-IIae q. 114 a. 1 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	196 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#43757">II&ordf;-IIae q. 114 a. 1 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	197 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#43758">II&ordf;-IIae q. 114 a. 1 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	198 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#43759">II&ordf;-IIae q. 114 a. 1 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	199 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#43760">II&ordf;-IIae q. 114 a. 1 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	200 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#43761">II&ordf;-IIae q. 114 a. 2 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	201 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#43762">II&ordf;-IIae q. 114 a. 2 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	202 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#43763">II&ordf;-IIae q. 114 a. 2 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	203 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#43764">II&ordf;-IIae q. 114 a. 2 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	204 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#43765">II&ordf;-IIae q. 114 a. 2 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	205 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#43766">II&ordf;-IIae q. 114 a. 2 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	206 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#43767">II&ordf;-IIae q. 114 a. 2 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	207 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#43768">II&ordf;-IIae q. 114 a. 2 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	208 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#43769">II&ordf;-IIae q. 115 pr.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	209 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#43770">II&ordf;-IIae q. 115 a. 1 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	210 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#43771">II&ordf;-IIae q. 115 a. 1 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	211 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#43772">II&ordf;-IIae q. 115 a. 1 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	212 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#43773">II&ordf;-IIae q. 115 a. 1 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	213 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#43774">II&ordf;-IIae q. 115 a. 1 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	214 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#43775">II&ordf;-IIae q. 115 a. 1 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	215 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#43776">II&ordf;-IIae q. 115 a. 1 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	216 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#43777">II&ordf;-IIae q. 115 a. 1 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	217 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#43778">II&ordf;-IIae q. 115 a. 2 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	218 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#43779">II&ordf;-IIae q. 115 a. 2 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	219 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#43780">II&ordf;-IIae q. 115 a. 2 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	220 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#43781">II&ordf;-IIae q. 115 a. 2 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	221 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#43782">II&ordf;-IIae q. 115 a. 2 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	222 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#43783">II&ordf;-IIae q. 115 a. 2 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	223 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#43784">II&ordf;-IIae q. 115 a. 2 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	224 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#43785">II&ordf;-IIae q. 115 a. 2 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	225 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#43786">II&ordf;-IIae q. 116 pr.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	226 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#43787">II&ordf;-IIae q. 116 a. 1 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	227 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#43788">II&ordf;-IIae q. 116 a. 1 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	228 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#43789">II&ordf;-IIae q. 116 a. 1 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	229 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#43790">II&ordf;-IIae q. 116 a. 1 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	230 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#43791">II&ordf;-IIae q. 116 a. 1 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	231 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#43792">II&ordf;-IIae q. 116 a. 1 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	232 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#43793">II&ordf;-IIae q. 116 a. 1 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	233 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#43794">II&ordf;-IIae q. 116 a. 1 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	234 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#43795">II&ordf;-IIae q. 116 a. 2 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	235 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#43796">II&ordf;-IIae q. 116 a. 2 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	236 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#43797">II&ordf;-IIae q. 116 a. 2 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	237 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#43798">II&ordf;-IIae q. 116 a. 2 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	238 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#43799">II&ordf;-IIae q. 116 a. 2 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	239 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#43800">II&ordf;-IIae q. 116 a. 2 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	240 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#43801">II&ordf;-IIae q. 116 a. 2 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	241 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#43802">II&ordf;-IIae q. 116 a. 2 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	242 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#43803">II&ordf;-IIae q. 117 pr.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	243 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#43804">II&ordf;-IIae q. 117 a. 1 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	244 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#43805">II&ordf;-IIae q. 117 a. 1 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	245 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#43806">II&ordf;-IIae q. 117 a. 1 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	246 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#43807">II&ordf;-IIae q. 117 a. 1 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	247 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#43808">II&ordf;-IIae q. 117 a. 1 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	248 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#43809">II&ordf;-IIae q. 117 a. 1 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	249 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#43810">II&ordf;-IIae q. 117 a. 1 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	250 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#43811">II&ordf;-IIae q. 117 a. 1 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	251 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#43812">II&ordf;-IIae q. 117 a. 2 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	252 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#43813">II&ordf;-IIae q. 117 a. 2 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	253 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#43814">II&ordf;-IIae q. 117 a. 2 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	254 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#43815">II&ordf;-IIae q. 117 a. 2 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	255 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#43816">II&ordf;-IIae q. 117 a. 2 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	256 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#43817">II&ordf;-IIae q. 117 a. 2 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	257 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#43818">II&ordf;-IIae q. 117 a. 2 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	258 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#43819">II&ordf;-IIae q. 117 a. 2 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	259 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#43820">II&ordf;-IIae q. 117 a. 3 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	260 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#43821">II&ordf;-IIae q. 117 a. 3 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	261 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#43822">II&ordf;-IIae q. 117 a. 3 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	262 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#43823">II&ordf;-IIae q. 117 a. 3 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	263 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#43824">II&ordf;-IIae q. 117 a. 3 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	264 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#43825">II&ordf;-IIae q. 117 a. 3 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	265 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#43826">II&ordf;-IIae q. 117 a. 3 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	266 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#43827">II&ordf;-IIae q. 117 a. 3 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	267 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#43828">II&ordf;-IIae q. 117 a. 4 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	268 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#43829">II&ordf;-IIae q. 117 a. 4 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	269 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#43830">II&ordf;-IIae q. 117 a. 4 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	270 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#43831">II&ordf;-IIae q. 117 a. 4 arg. 4');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	271 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#43832">II&ordf;-IIae q. 117 a. 4 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	272 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#43833">II&ordf;-IIae q. 117 a. 4 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	273 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#43834">II&ordf;-IIae q. 117 a. 4 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	274 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#43835">II&ordf;-IIae q. 117 a. 4 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	275 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#43836">II&ordf;-IIae q. 117 a. 4 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	276 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#43837">II&ordf;-IIae q. 117 a. 4 ad 4');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	277 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#43838">II&ordf;-IIae q. 117 a. 5 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	278 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#43839">II&ordf;-IIae q. 117 a. 5 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	279 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#43840">II&ordf;-IIae q. 117 a. 5 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	280 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#43841">II&ordf;-IIae q. 117 a. 5 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	281 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#43842">II&ordf;-IIae q. 117 a. 5 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	282 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#43843">II&ordf;-IIae q. 117 a. 5 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	283 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#43844">II&ordf;-IIae q. 117 a. 5 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	284 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#43845">II&ordf;-IIae q. 117 a. 5 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	285 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#43846">II&ordf;-IIae q. 117 a. 6 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	286 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#43847">II&ordf;-IIae q. 117 a. 6 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	287 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#43848">II&ordf;-IIae q. 117 a. 6 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	288 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#43849">II&ordf;-IIae q. 117 a. 6 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	289 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#43850">II&ordf;-IIae q. 117 a. 6 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	290 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#43851">II&ordf;-IIae q. 117 a. 6 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	291 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#43852">II&ordf;-IIae q. 117 a. 6 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	292 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#43853">II&ordf;-IIae q. 117 a. 6 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	293 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#43854">II&ordf;-IIae q. 118 pr.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	294 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#43855">II&ordf;-IIae q. 118 a. 1 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	295 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#43856">II&ordf;-IIae q. 118 a. 1 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	296 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#43857">II&ordf;-IIae q. 118 a. 1 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	297 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#43858">II&ordf;-IIae q. 118 a. 1 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	298 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#43859">II&ordf;-IIae q. 118 a. 1 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	299 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#43860">II&ordf;-IIae q. 118 a. 1 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	300 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#43861">II&ordf;-IIae q. 118 a. 1 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	301 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#43862">II&ordf;-IIae q. 118 a. 1 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	302 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#43863">II&ordf;-IIae q. 118 a. 2 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	303 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#43864">II&ordf;-IIae q. 118 a. 2 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	304 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#43865">II&ordf;-IIae q. 118 a. 2 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	305 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#43866">II&ordf;-IIae q. 118 a. 2 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	306 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#43867">II&ordf;-IIae q. 118 a. 2 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	307 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#43868">II&ordf;-IIae q. 118 a. 2 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	308 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#43869">II&ordf;-IIae q. 118 a. 2 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	309 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#43870">II&ordf;-IIae q. 118 a. 2 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	310 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#43871">II&ordf;-IIae q. 118 a. 3 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	311 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#43872">II&ordf;-IIae q. 118 a. 3 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	312 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#43873">II&ordf;-IIae q. 118 a. 3 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	313 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#43874">II&ordf;-IIae q. 118 a. 3 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	314 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#43875">II&ordf;-IIae q. 118 a. 3 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	315 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#43876">II&ordf;-IIae q. 118 a. 3 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	316 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#43877">II&ordf;-IIae q. 118 a. 3 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	317 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#43878">II&ordf;-IIae q. 118 a. 3 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	318 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#43879">II&ordf;-IIae q. 118 a. 4 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	319 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#43880">II&ordf;-IIae q. 118 a. 4 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	320 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#43881">II&ordf;-IIae q. 118 a. 4 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	321 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#43882">II&ordf;-IIae q. 118 a. 4 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	322 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#43883">II&ordf;-IIae q. 118 a. 4 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	323 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#43884">II&ordf;-IIae q. 118 a. 4 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	324 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#43885">II&ordf;-IIae q. 118 a. 4 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	325 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#43886">II&ordf;-IIae q. 118 a. 4 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	326 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#43887">II&ordf;-IIae q. 118 a. 5 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	327 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#43888">II&ordf;-IIae q. 118 a. 5 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	328 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#43889">II&ordf;-IIae q. 118 a. 5 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	329 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#43890">II&ordf;-IIae q. 118 a. 5 arg. 4');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	330 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#43891">II&ordf;-IIae q. 118 a. 5 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	331 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#43892">II&ordf;-IIae q. 118 a. 5 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	332 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#43893">II&ordf;-IIae q. 118 a. 5 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	333 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#43894">II&ordf;-IIae q. 118 a. 5 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	334 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#43895">II&ordf;-IIae q. 118 a. 5 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	335 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#43896">II&ordf;-IIae q. 118 a. 5 ad 4');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	336 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#43897">II&ordf;-IIae q. 118 a. 6 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	337 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#43898">II&ordf;-IIae q. 118 a. 6 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	338 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#43899">II&ordf;-IIae q. 118 a. 6 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	339 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#43900">II&ordf;-IIae q. 118 a. 6 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	340 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#43901">II&ordf;-IIae q. 118 a. 6 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	341 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#43902">II&ordf;-IIae q. 118 a. 6 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	342 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#43903">II&ordf;-IIae q. 118 a. 6 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	343 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#43904">II&ordf;-IIae q. 118 a. 6 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	344 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#43905">II&ordf;-IIae q. 118 a. 7 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	345 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#43906">II&ordf;-IIae q. 118 a. 7 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	346 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#43907">II&ordf;-IIae q. 118 a. 7 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	347 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#43908">II&ordf;-IIae q. 118 a. 7 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	348 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#43909">II&ordf;-IIae q. 118 a. 7 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	349 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#43910">II&ordf;-IIae q. 118 a. 7 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	350 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#43911">II&ordf;-IIae q. 118 a. 7 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	351 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#43912">II&ordf;-IIae q. 118 a. 7 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	352 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#43913">II&ordf;-IIae q. 118 a. 8 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	353 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#43914">II&ordf;-IIae q. 118 a. 8 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	354 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#43915">II&ordf;-IIae q. 118 a. 8 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	355 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#43916">II&ordf;-IIae q. 118 a. 8 arg. 4');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	356 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#43917">II&ordf;-IIae q. 118 a. 8 arg. 5');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	357 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#43918">II&ordf;-IIae q. 118 a. 8 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	358 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#43919">II&ordf;-IIae q. 118 a. 8 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	359 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#43920">II&ordf;-IIae q. 118 a. 8 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	360 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#43921">II&ordf;-IIae q. 118 a. 8 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	361 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#43922">II&ordf;-IIae q. 118 a. 8 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	362 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#43923">II&ordf;-IIae q. 118 a. 8 ad 4');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	363 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#43924">II&ordf;-IIae q. 118 a. 8 ad 5');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	364 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#43925">II&ordf;-IIae q. 119 pr.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	365 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#43926">II&ordf;-IIae q. 119 a. 1 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	366 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#43927">II&ordf;-IIae q. 119 a. 1 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	367 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#43928">II&ordf;-IIae q. 119 a. 1 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	368 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#43929">II&ordf;-IIae q. 119 a. 1 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	369 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#43930">II&ordf;-IIae q. 119 a. 1 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	370 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#43931">II&ordf;-IIae q. 119 a. 1 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	371 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#43932">II&ordf;-IIae q. 119 a. 1 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	372 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#43933">II&ordf;-IIae q. 119 a. 1 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	373 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#43934">II&ordf;-IIae q. 119 a. 2 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	374 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#43935">II&ordf;-IIae q. 119 a. 2 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	375 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#43936">II&ordf;-IIae q. 119 a. 2 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	376 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#43937">II&ordf;-IIae q. 119 a. 2 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	377 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#43938">II&ordf;-IIae q. 119 a. 2 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	378 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#43939">II&ordf;-IIae q. 119 a. 2 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	379 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#43940">II&ordf;-IIae q. 119 a. 2 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	380 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#43941">II&ordf;-IIae q. 119 a. 2 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	381 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#43942">II&ordf;-IIae q. 119 a. 3 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	382 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#43943">II&ordf;-IIae q. 119 a. 3 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	383 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#43944">II&ordf;-IIae q. 119 a. 3 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	384 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#43945">II&ordf;-IIae q. 119 a. 3 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	385 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#43946">II&ordf;-IIae q. 119 a. 3 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	386 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#43947">II&ordf;-IIae q. 119 a. 3 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	387 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#43948">II&ordf;-IIae q. 119 a. 3 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	388 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#43949">II&ordf;-IIae q. 119 a. 3 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	389 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#43950">II&ordf;-IIae q. 120 pr.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	390 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#43951">II&ordf;-IIae q. 120 a. 1 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	391 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#43952">II&ordf;-IIae q. 120 a. 1 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	392 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#43953">II&ordf;-IIae q. 120 a. 1 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	393 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#43954">II&ordf;-IIae q. 120 a. 1 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	394 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#43955">II&ordf;-IIae q. 120 a. 1 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	395 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#43956">II&ordf;-IIae q. 120 a. 1 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	396 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#43957">II&ordf;-IIae q. 120 a. 1 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	397 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#43958">II&ordf;-IIae q. 120 a. 1 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	398 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#43959">II&ordf;-IIae q. 120 a. 2 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	399 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#43960">II&ordf;-IIae q. 120 a. 2 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	400 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#43961">II&ordf;-IIae q. 120 a. 2 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	401 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#43962">II&ordf;-IIae q. 120 a. 2 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	402 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#43963">II&ordf;-IIae q. 120 a. 2 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	403 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#43964">II&ordf;-IIae q. 120 a. 2 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	404 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#43965">II&ordf;-IIae q. 120 a. 2 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	405 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#43966">II&ordf;-IIae q. 120 a. 2 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	406 document.write('<\/SELECT>');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	407 document.write('<BR><BR>');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	408 document.write('<INPUT TYPE="button" VALUE="Agedum" ONCLICK="go()">');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	409 document.write('<\/FORM>');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	410 // -->
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	411 //
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	412 </script><br/>
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	413 <hr/>
59 03759e5c1080 fix multi-para s.c. ht parents: 53 diff changeset	414 <br/></div><div id="q109" class="q"><h2>Quaestio 109</h2><div class="p"><h3>Prooemium</h3><p title="II-II q. 109 pr."><a name="43609"><span class="ref">[43609] IIª-IIae q. 109 pr.</span></a> Deinde
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	415 considerandum est de veritate, et vitiis oppositis. Circa veritatem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	416 autem quaeruntur quatuor. Primo, utrum veritas sit virtus. Secundo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	417 utrum sit virtus specialis. Tertio, utrum sit pars iustitiae.
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	418 Quarto, utrum magis declinet ad minus.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 1</h3><p title="II-II q. 109 a. 1 arg. 1"><a name="43610"><span class="ref">[43610] IIª-IIae q. 109 a. 1 arg. 1</span></a> Ad primum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	419 sic proceditur. Videtur quod veritas non sit virtus. Prima enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	420 virtutum est fides, cuius obiectum est veritas. Cum igitur obiectum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	421 sit prius habitu et actu, videtur quod veritas non sit virtus, sed
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	422 aliquid prius virtute.</p><p title="II-II q. 109 a. 1 arg. 2"><a name="43611"><span class="ref">[43611] IIª-IIae q. 109 a. 1 arg. 2</span></a>
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	423 Praeterea, sicut philosophus dicit, in IV Ethic., ad veritatem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	424 pertinet quod aliquis confiteatur <i>existentia circa seipsum, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	425 neque maiora neque minora</i>. Sed hoc non semper est laudabile,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	426 neque in bonis, quia dicitur Prov. XXVII, <i>laudet te alienus, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	427 non os tuum</i>; nec etiam in malis, quia contra quosdam dicitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	428 Isaiae III, <i>peccatum suum quasi Sodoma praedicaverunt, nec
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	429 absconderunt</i>. Ergo veritas non est virtus.</p><p title="II-II q. 109 a. 1 arg. 3"><a name="43612"><span class="ref">[43612] IIª-IIae q. 109 a. 1 arg. 3</span></a>
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	430 Praeterea, omnis virtus aut est theologica, aut intellectualis, aut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	431 moralis. Sed veritas non est virtus theologica, quia non habet Deum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	432 pro obiecto, sed res temporales; dicit enim Tullius quod <i>veritas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	433 est per quam immutata ea quae sunt aut fuerunt aut futura sunt,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	434 dicuntur</i>. Similiter etiam non est virtus intellectualis, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	435 finis earum. Neque etiam est virtus moralis, quia non consistit in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	436 medio inter superfluum et diminutum; quanto enim aliquis plus dicit
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	437 verum, tanto melius est. Ergo veritas non est virtus.</p><p title="II-II q. 109 a. 1 s. c."><a name="43613"><span class="ref">[43613] IIª-IIae q. 109 a. 1 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	438 est quod philosophus, in II et IV Ethic., ponit veritatem inter
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	439 ceteras virtutes.</p><p title="II-II q. 109 a. 1 co."><a name="43614"><span class="ref">[43614] IIª-IIae q. 109 a. 1 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	440 dicendum quod veritas dupliciter accipi potest. Uno modo secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	441 quod veritate aliquid dicitur verum. Et sic veritas non est virtus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	442 sed obiectum vel finis virtutis. Sic enim accepta veritas non est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	443 habitus, quod est genus virtutis, sed aequalitas quaedam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	444 intellectus vel signi ad rem intellectam et significatam, vel etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	445 rei ad suam regulam, ut in primo habitum est. Alio modo potest dici
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	446 veritas qua aliquis verum dicit, secundum quod per eam aliquis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	447 dicitur verax. Et talis veritas, sive veracitas, necesse est quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	448 sit virtus, quia hoc ipsum quod est dicere verum est bonus actus;
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	449 virtus autem est quae bonum facit habentem, et opus eius bonum
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	450 reddit.</p><p title="II-II q. 109 a. 1 ad 1"><a name="43615"><span class="ref">[43615] IIª-IIae q. 109 a. 1 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	451 ergo dicendum quod ratio illa procedit de veritate primo modo
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	452 dicta.</p><p title="II-II q. 109 a. 1 ad 2"><a name="43616"><span class="ref">[43616] IIª-IIae q. 109 a. 1 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	453 dicendum quod confiteri id quod est circa seipsum, inquantum est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	454 confessio veri, est bonum ex genere. Sed hoc non sufficit ad hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	455 quod sit actus virtutis, sed ad hoc requiritur quod ulterius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	456 debitis circumstantiis vestiatur, quae si non observentur, erit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	457 actus vitiosus. Et secundum hoc, vitiosum est quod aliquis, sine
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	458 debita causa, laudet seipsum etiam de vero. Vitiosum etiam est quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	459 aliquis peccatum suum publicet, quasi se de hoc laudando, vel
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	460 qualitercumque inutiliter manifestando.</p><p title="II-II q. 109 a. 1 ad 3"><a name="43617"><span class="ref">[43617] IIª-IIae q. 109 a. 1 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	461 dicendum quod ille qui dicit verum profert aliqua signa conformia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	462 rebus, scilicet vel verba, vel aliqua facta exteriora, aut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	463 quascumque res exteriores. Circa huiusmodi autem res sunt solae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	464 virtutes morales, ad quas etiam usus pertinet exteriorum membrorum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	465 secundum quod fit per imperium voluntatis. Unde veritas non est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	466 virtus theologica neque intellectualis, sed moralis. Est autem in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	467 medio inter superfluum et diminutum dupliciter, uno quidem modo, ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	468 parte obiecti; alio modo, ex parte actus. Ex parte quidem obiecti,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	469 quia verum secundum suam rationem importat quandam aequalitatem.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	470 Aequale autem est medium inter maius et minus. Unde ex hoc ipso
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	471 quod aliquis verum dicit de seipso, medium tenet inter eum qui
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	472 maiora dicit de seipso, et inter eum qui minora. Ex parte autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	473 actus medium tenet, inquantum verum dicit quando oportet, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	474 secundum quod oportet. Superfluum autem convenit illi qui importune
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	475 ea quae sua sunt manifestat, defectus autem competit illi qui
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	476 occultat, quando manifestare oportet.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 2</h3><p title="II-II q. 109 a. 2 arg. 1"><a name="43618"><span class="ref">[43618] IIª-IIae q. 109 a. 2 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	477 secundum sic proceditur. Videtur quod veritas non sit specialis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	478 virtus. Verum enim et bonum convertuntur. Sed bonitas non est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	479 specialis virtus, quinimmo omnis virtus est bonitas, quia bonum
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	480 facit habentem. Ergo veritas non est specialis virtus.</p><p title="II-II q. 109 a. 2 arg. 2"><a name="43619"><span class="ref">[43619] IIª-IIae q. 109 a. 2 arg. 2</span></a>
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	481 Praeterea, manifestatio eius quod ad ipsum hominem pertinet, est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	482 actus veritatis de qua nunc loquimur. Sed hoc pertinet ad quamlibet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	483 virtutem, quilibet enim virtutis habitus manifestatur per proprium
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	484 actum. Ergo veritas non est specialis virtus.</p><p title="II-II q. 109 a. 2 arg. 3"><a name="43620"><span class="ref">[43620] IIª-IIae q. 109 a. 2 arg. 3</span></a>
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	485 Praeterea, veritas vitae dicitur qua aliquis recte vivit, de qua
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	486 dicitur Isaiae XXXVIII, memento, quaeso, <i>quomodo ambulaverim
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	487 coram te in veritate et in corde perfecto</i>. Sed qualibet virtute
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	488 recte vivitur, ut patet per definitionem virtutis supra positam.
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	489 Ergo veritas non est specialis virtus.</p><p title="II-II q. 109 a. 2 arg. 4"><a name="43621"><span class="ref">[43621] IIª-IIae q. 109 a. 2 arg. 4</span></a>
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	490 Praeterea, veritas videtur idem esse simplicitati, quia utrique
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	491 opponitur simulatio. Sed simplicitas non est specialis virtus, quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	492 facit intentionem rectam, quod requiritur in omni virtute. Ergo
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	493 etiam veritas non est specialis virtus.</p><p title="II-II q. 109 a. 2 s. c."><a name="43622"><span class="ref">[43622] IIª-IIae q. 109 a. 2 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	494 est quia in II Ethic. connumeratur aliis virtutibus.</p><p title="II-II q. 109 a. 2 co."><a name="43623"><span class="ref">[43623] IIª-IIae q. 109 a. 2 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	495 dicendum quod ad rationem virtutis humanae pertinet quod opus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	496 hominis bonum reddat. Unde ubi in actu hominis invenitur specialis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	497 ratio bonitatis, necesse est quod ad hoc disponatur homo per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	498 specialem virtutem. Cum autem bonum, secundum Augustinum, in libro
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	499 de natura boni, consistat in ordine, necesse est specialem rationem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	500 boni considerari ex determinato ordine. Est autem specialis quidam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	501 ordo secundum quod exteriora nostra vel verba vel facta debite
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	502 ordinantur ad aliquid sicut signum ad signatum. Et ad hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	503 perficitur homo per virtutem veritatis. Unde manifestum est quod
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	504 veritas est specialis virtus.</p><p title="II-II q. 109 a. 2 ad 1"><a name="43624"><span class="ref">[43624] IIª-IIae q. 109 a. 2 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	505 ergo dicendum quod verum et bonum subiecto quidem convertuntur,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	506 quia omne verum est bonum, et omne bonum est verum. Sed secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	507 rationem, invicem se excedunt, sicut intellectus et voluntas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	508 invicem se includunt; nam intellectus intelligit voluntatem, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	509 multa alia, et voluntas appetit ea quae pertinent ad intellectum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	510 et multa alia. Unde verum, secundum rationem propriam, qua est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	511 perfectio intellectus, est quoddam particulare bonum, inquantum est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	512 appetibile quoddam. Et similiter bonum, secundum propriam rationem,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	513 prout est finis appetitus, est quoddam verum, inquantum est quoddam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	514 intelligibile. Quia ergo virtus includit rationem bonitatis, potest
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	515 esse quod veritas sit specialis virtus, sicut verum est speciale
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	516 bonum. Non autem potest esse quod bonitas sit specialis virtus, cum
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	517 magis secundum rationem sit genus virtutis.</p><p title="II-II q. 109 a. 2 ad 2"><a name="43625"><span class="ref">[43625] IIª-IIae q. 109 a. 2 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	518 dicendum quod habitus virtutum et vitiorum sortiuntur speciem ex eo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	519 quod est per se intentum, non autem ab eo quod est per accidens et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	520 praeter intentionem. Quod autem aliquis manifestat quod circa ipsum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	521 est, pertinet quidem ad virtutem veritatis sicut per se intentum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	522 ad alias autem virtutes potest pertinere ex consequenti, praeter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	523 principalem intentionem. Fortis enim intendit fortiter agere, quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	524 autem fortiter agendo aliquis manifestet fortitudinem quam habet,
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	525 hoc consequitur praeter eius principalem intentionem.</p><p title="II-II q. 109 a. 2 ad 3"><a name="43626"><span class="ref">[43626] IIª-IIae q. 109 a. 2 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	526 dicendum quod veritas vitae est veritas secundum quam aliquid est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	527 verum, non veritas secundum quam aliquis dicit verum. Dicitur autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	528 vita vera, sicut etiam quaelibet alia res, ex hoc quod attingit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	529 suam regulam et mensuram, scilicet divinam legem, per cuius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	530 conformitatem rectitudinem habet. Et talis veritas, sive rectitudo,
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	531 communis est ad quamlibet virtutem.</p><p title="II-II q. 109 a. 2 ad 4"><a name="43627"><span class="ref">[43627] IIª-IIae q. 109 a. 2 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	532 dicendum quod simplicitas dicitur per oppositum duplicitati, qua
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	533 scilicet aliquis aliud habet in corde, aliud ostendit exterius. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	534 sic simplicitas ad hanc virtutem pertinet. Facit autem intentionem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	535 rectam, non quidem directe, quia hoc pertinet ad omnem virtutem,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	536 sed excludendo duplicitatem, qua homo unum praetendit et aliud
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	537 intendit.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 3</h3><p title="II-II q. 109 a. 3 arg. 1"><a name="43628"><span class="ref">[43628] IIª-IIae q. 109 a. 3 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	538 tertium sic proceditur. Videtur quod veritas non sit pars
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	539 iustitiae. Iustitiae enim proprium esse videtur quod reddat alteri
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	540 debitum. Sed ex hoc quod aliquis verum dicit, non videtur alteri
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	541 debitum reddere, sicut fit in omnibus praemissis iustitiae
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	542 partibus. Ergo veritas non est iustitiae pars.</p><p title="II-II q. 109 a. 3 arg. 2"><a name="43629"><span class="ref">[43629] IIª-IIae q. 109 a. 3 arg. 2</span></a>
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	543 Praeterea, veritas pertinet ad intellectum. Iustitia autem est in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	544 voluntate, ut supra habitum est. Ergo veritas non est pars
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	545 iustitiae.</p><p title="II-II q. 109 a. 3 arg. 3"><a name="43630"><span class="ref">[43630] IIª-IIae q. 109 a. 3 arg. 3</span></a>
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	546 Praeterea, triplex distinguitur veritas, secundum Hieronymum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	547 scilicet veritas vitae, et veritas iustitiae, et veritas doctrinae.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	548 Sed nulla istarum est pars iustitiae. Nam veritas vitae continet in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	549 se omnem virtutem, ut dictum est. Veritas autem iustitiae est idem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	550 iustitiae, unde non est pars eius. Veritas autem doctrinae pertinet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	551 magis ad virtutes intellectuales. Ergo veritas nullo modo est pars
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	552 iustitiae.</p><p title="II-II q. 109 a. 3 s. c."><a name="43631"><span class="ref">[43631] IIª-IIae q. 109 a. 3 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	553 est quod Tullius ponit veritatem inter partes iustitiae.</p><p title="II-II q. 109 a. 3 co."><a name="43632"><span class="ref">[43632] IIª-IIae q. 109 a. 3 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	554 dicendum quod, sicut supra dictum est, ex hoc aliqua virtus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	555 iustitiae annectitur sicut secundaria principali, quod partim
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	556 quidem cum iustitia convenit, partim autem deficit ab eius perfecta
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	557 ratione. Virtus autem veritatis convenit quidem cum iustitia in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	558 duobus. Uno quidem modo, in hoc quod est ad alterum. Manifestatio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	559 enim, quam diximus esse actum veritatis, est ad alterum, inquantum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	560 scilicet ea quae circa ipsum sunt, unus homo alteri manifestat.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	561 Alio modo, inquantum iustitia aequalitatem quandam in rebus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	562 constituit. Et hoc etiam facit virtus veritatis, adaequat enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	563 signa rebus existentibus circa ipsum. Deficit autem a propria
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	564 ratione iustitiae quantum ad rationem debiti. Non enim haec virtus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	565 attendit debitum legale, quod attendit iustitia, sed potius debitum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	566 morale, inquantum scilicet ex honestate unus homo alteri debet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	567 veritatis manifestationem. Unde veritas est pars iustitiae,
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	568 inquantum annectitur ei sicut virtus secundaria principali.</p><p title="II-II q. 109 a. 3 ad 1"><a name="43633"><span class="ref">[43633] IIª-IIae q. 109 a. 3 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	569 ergo dicendum quod quia homo est animal sociale, naturaliter unus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	570 homo debet alteri id sine quo societas humana conservari non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	571 posset. Non autem possent homines ad invicem convivere nisi sibi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	572 invicem crederent, tanquam sibi invicem veritatem manifestantibus.
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	573 Et ideo virtus veritatis aliquo modo attendit rationem debiti.</p><p title="II-II q. 109 a. 3 ad 2"><a name="43634"><span class="ref">[43634] IIª-IIae q. 109 a. 3 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	574 dicendum quod veritas secundum quod est cognita, pertinet ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	575 intellectum. Sed homo per propriam voluntatem, per quam utitur et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	576 habitibus et membris, profert exteriora signa ad veritatem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	577 manifestandam. Et secundum hoc, manifestatio veritatis est actus
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	578 voluntatis.</p><p title="II-II q. 109 a. 3 ad 3"><a name="43635"><span class="ref">[43635] IIª-IIae q. 109 a. 3 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	579 dicendum quod veritas de qua nunc loquimur, differt a veritate
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	580 vitae ut dictum est. Veritas autem iustitiae dicitur dupliciter.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	581 Uno modo, secundum quod ipsa iustitia est rectitudo quaedam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	582 regulata secundum regulam divinae legis. Et secundum hoc, differt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	583 veritas iustitiae a veritate vitae, quia veritas vitae est secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	584 quam aliquis recte vivit in seipso; veritas autem iustitiae est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	585 secundum quam aliquis rectitudinem legis in iudiciis, quae sunt ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	586 alterum, servat. Et secundum hoc, veritas iustitiae non pertinet ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	587 veritatem de qua nunc loquimur, sicut nec veritas vitae. Alio modo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	588 potest intelligi veritas iustitiae secundum quod aliquis ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	589 iustitia veritatem manifestat, puta cum aliquis in iudicio verum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	590 confitetur aut verum testimonium dicit. Et haec veritas est quidam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	591 particularis actus iustitiae. Et non pertinet directe ad hanc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	592 veritatem de qua nunc loquimur, quia scilicet in hac manifestatione
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	593 veritatis principaliter homo intendit ius suum alteri reddere. Unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	594 philosophus, in IV Ethic., de hac veritate determinans, dicit,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	595 <i>non de veridico in confessionibus dicimus, neque quaecumque ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	596 iustitiam vel iniustitiam contendunt</i>. Veritas autem doctrinae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	597 consistit in quadam manifestatione verorum de quibus est scientia.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	598 Unde nec ista veritas directe pertinet ad hanc virtutem, sed solum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	599 veritas qua aliquis et vita et sermone talem se demonstrat qualis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	600 est, et non alia quam circa ipsum sint, nec maiora nec minora.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	601 Veruntamen quia vera scibilia, inquantum sunt a nobis cognita,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	602 circa nos sunt et ad nos pertinent; secundum hoc veritas doctrinae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	603 potest ad hanc virtutem pertinere, et quaecumque alia veritas qua
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	604 quis manifestat verbo vel facto quod cognoscit.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 4</h3><p title="II-II q. 109 a. 4 arg. 1"><a name="43636"><span class="ref">[43636] IIª-IIae q. 109 a. 4 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	605 quartum sic proceditur. Videtur quod virtus veritatis non declinet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	606 in minus. Sicut enim aliquis dicendo maius incurrit falsitatem, ita
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	607 et dicendo minus, non enim magis est falsum quatuor esse quinque
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	608 quam quatuor esse tria. <i>Sed omne falsum est secundum se malum et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	609 fugiendum</i>, ut philosophus dicit, in IV Ethic. Ergo veritatis
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	610 virtus non plus declinat in minus quam in maius.</p><p title="II-II q. 109 a. 4 arg. 2"><a name="43637"><span class="ref">[43637] IIª-IIae q. 109 a. 4 arg. 2</span></a>
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	611 Praeterea, quod una virtus magis declinet ad unum extremum quam ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	612 aliud, contingit ex hoc quod virtutis medium est propinquius uni
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	613 extremo quam alteri, sicut fortitudo est propinquior audaciae quam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	614 timiditati. Sed veritatis medium non est propinquius uni extremo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	615 quam alteri, quia veritas, cum sit aequalitas quaedam, in medio
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	616 punctali consistit. Ergo veritas non magis declinat in minus.</p><p title="II-II q. 109 a. 4 arg. 3"><a name="43638"><span class="ref">[43638] IIª-IIae q. 109 a. 4 arg. 3</span></a>
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	617 Praeterea, in minus videtur a veritate recedere qui veritatem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	618 negat, in maius autem qui veritati aliquid superaddit. Sed magis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	619 repugnat veritati qui veritatem negat quam qui superaddit, quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	620 veritas non compatitur secum negationem veritatis, compatitur autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	621 secum superadditionem. Ergo videtur quod veritas magis debeat
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	622 declinare in maius quam in minus.</p><p title="II-II q. 109 a. 4 s. c."><a name="43639"><span class="ref">[43639] IIª-IIae q. 109 a. 4 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	623 est quod philosophus dicit, in IV Ethic., quod homo secundum hanc
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	624 virtutem magis a vero declinat in minus.</p><p title="II-II q. 109 a. 4 co."><a name="43640"><span class="ref">[43640] IIª-IIae q. 109 a. 4 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	625 dicendum quod declinare in minus a veritate contingit dupliciter.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	626 Uno modo, affirmando, puta cum aliquis non manifestat totum bonum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	627 quod in ipso est, puta scientiam vel sanctitatem vel aliquid
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	628 huiusmodi. Quod fit sine praeiudicio veritatis, quia in maiori est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	629 etiam minus. Et secundum hoc, haec virtus declinat in minus. <i>Hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	630 enim</i>, ut philosophus dicit ibidem, <i>videtur esse prudentius,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	631 propter onerosas superabundantias esse</i>. Homines enim qui maiora
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	632 de seipsis dicunt quam sint, sunt aliis onerosi, quasi excellere
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	633 alios volentes, homines autem qui minora de seipsis dicunt,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	634 gratiosi sunt, quasi aliis condescendentes per quandam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	635 moderationem. Unde apostolus dicit, II ad Cor. XII, <i>si voluero
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	636 gloriari, non ero insipiens, veritatem enim dicam. Parco autem, ne
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	637 quis me existimet supra id quod videt in me, aut audit aliquid ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	638 me</i>. Alio modo potest aliquis declinare in minus negando,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	639 scilicet ut neget sibi inesse quod inest. Et sic non pertinet ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	640 hanc virtutem declinare in minus, quia per hoc incurret falsum. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	641 tamen hoc ipsum esset minus repugnans virtuti, non quidem secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	642 propriam rationem veritatis, sed secundum rationem prudentiae, quam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	643 oportet salvari in omnibus virtutibus. Magis enim repugnat
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	644 prudentiae, quia periculosius est et onerosius aliis, quod aliquis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	645 existimet vel iactet se habere quod non habet, quam quod non
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	646 existimet, vel dicat se non habere quod habet.</p><p title="II-II q. 109 a. 4 ad arg."><a name="43641"><span class="ref">[43641] IIª-IIae q. 109 a. 4 ad arg.</span></a> Et per
59 03759e5c1080 fix multi-para s.c. ht parents: 53 diff changeset	647 hoc patet responsio ad obiecta.</p></div></div><div id="q110" class="q"><h2>Quaestio 110</h2><div class="p"><h3>Prooemium</h3><p title="II-II q. 110 pr."><a name="43642"><span class="ref">[43642] IIª-IIae q. 110 pr.</span></a> Deinde
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	648 considerandum est de vitiis oppositis veritati. Et primo, de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	649 mendacio; secundo, de simulatione sive hypocrisi; tertio, de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	650 iactantia et opposito vitio. Circa mendacium quaeruntur quatuor.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	651 Primo, utrum mendacium semper opponatur veritati, quasi continens
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	652 falsitatem. Secundo, de speciebus mendacii. Tertio, utrum mendacium
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	653 semper sit peccatum. Quarto, utrum semper sit peccatum mortale.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 1</h3><p title="II-II q. 110 a. 1 arg. 1"><a name="43643"><span class="ref">[43643] IIª-IIae q. 110 a. 1 arg. 1</span></a> Ad primum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	654 sic proceditur. Videtur quod mendacium non semper opponatur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	655 veritati. Opposita enim non possunt esse simul. Sed mendacium simul
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	656 potest esse cum veritate, qui enim verum loquitur quod falsum esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	657 credit, mentitur, ut Augustinus dicit, in libro contra mendacium.
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	658 Ergo mendacium non opponitur veritati.</p><p title="II-II q. 110 a. 1 arg. 2"><a name="43644"><span class="ref">[43644] IIª-IIae q. 110 a. 1 arg. 2</span></a>
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	659 Praeterea, virtus veritatis non solum consistit in verbis, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	660 etiam in factis, quia secundum philosophum, in IV Ethic., secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	661 hanc virtutem aliquis verum dicit et in sermone et in vita. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	662 mendacium consistit solum in verbis, dicitur enim quod mendacium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	663 est falsa vocis significatio. Ergo videtur quod mendacium non
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	664 directe opponatur virtuti veritatis.</p><p title="II-II q. 110 a. 1 arg. 3"><a name="43645"><span class="ref">[43645] IIª-IIae q. 110 a. 1 arg. 3</span></a>
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	665 Praeterea, Augustinus dicit, in libro contra mendacium, quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	666 <i>culpa mentientis est fallendi cupiditas</i>. Sed hoc non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	667 opponitur veritati, sed magis benevolentiae vel iustitiae. Ergo
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	668 mendacium non opponitur veritati.</p><p title="II-II q. 110 a. 1 s. c."><a name="43646"><span class="ref">[43646] IIª-IIae q. 110 a. 1 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	669 est quod Augustinus dicit, in libro contra mendacium, <i>nemo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	670 dubitet mentiri eum qui falsum enuntiat causa fallendi. Quapropter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	671 enuntiationem falsi cum voluntate ad fallendum prolatam, manifestum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	672 est esse mendacium</i>. Sed hoc opponitur veritati. Ergo mendacium
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	673 veritati opponitur.</p><p title="II-II q. 110 a. 1 co."><a name="43647"><span class="ref">[43647] IIª-IIae q. 110 a. 1 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	674 dicendum quod actus moralis ex duobus speciem sortitur, scilicet ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	675 obiecto, et ex fine. Nam finis est obiectum voluntatis, quae est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	676 primum movens in moralibus actibus. Potentia autem a voluntate mota
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	677 habet suum obiectum, quod est proximum obiectum voluntarii actus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	678 et se habet in actu voluntatis ad finem sicut materiale ad formale,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	679 ut ex supra dictis patet. Dictum est autem quod virtus veritatis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	680 et per consequens opposita vitia, in manifestatione consistit, quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	681 fit per aliqua signa. Quae quidem manifestatio, sive enuntiatio,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	682 est rationis actus conferentis signum ad signatum, omnis enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	683 repraesentatio consistit in quadam collatione, quae proprie
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	684 pertinet ad rationem; unde etsi bruta animalia aliquid manifestent,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	685 non tamen manifestationem intendunt, sed naturali instinctu aliquid
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	686 agunt ad quod manifestatio sequitur. Inquantum tamen huiusmodi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	687 manifestatio sive enuntiatio est actus moralis, oportet quod sit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	688 voluntarius et ex intentione voluntatis dependens. Obiectum autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	689 proprium manifestationis sive enuntiationis est verum vel falsum.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	690 Intentio vero voluntatis inordinatae potest ad duo ferri, quorum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	691 unum est ut falsum enuntietur; aliud quidem est effectus proprius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	692 falsae enuntiationis, ut scilicet aliquis fallatur. Si ergo ista
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	693 tria concurrant, scilicet quod falsum sit id quod enuntiatur, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	694 quod adsit voluntas falsum enuntiandi, et iterum intentio fallendi,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	695 tunc est falsitas materialiter, quia falsum dicitur; et formaliter,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	696 propter voluntatem falsum dicendi; et effective, propter voluntatem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	697 falsitatem imprimendi. Sed tamen ratio mendacii sumitur a formali
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	698 falsitate, ex hoc scilicet quod aliquis habet voluntatem falsum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	699 enuntiandi. Unde et mendacium nominatur ex eo quod contra mentem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	700 dicitur. Et ideo si quis falsum enuntiet credens illud verum esse,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	701 est quidem falsum materialiter, sed non formaliter, quia falsitas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	702 est praeter intentionem dicentis. Unde non habet perfectam rationem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	703 mendacii, id enim quod praeter intentionem est, per accidens est;
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	704 unde non potest esse specifica differentia. Si vero formaliter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	705 aliquis falsum dicat, habens voluntatem falsum dicendi, licet sit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	706 verum id quod dicitur, inquantum tamen huiusmodi actus est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	707 voluntarius et moralis, habet per se falsitatem, et per accidens
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	708 veritatem. Unde ad speciem mendacii pertingit. Quod autem aliquis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	709 intendat falsitatem in opinione alterius constituere fallendo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	710 ipsum, non pertinet ad speciem mendacii, sed ad quandam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	711 perfectionem ipsius, sicut et in rebus naturalibus aliquid speciem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	712 sortitur si formam habeat, etiam si desit formae effectus; sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	713 patet in gravi quod violenter sursum detinetur, ne descendat
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	714 secundum exigentiam suae formae. Sic ergo patet quod mendacium
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	715 directe et formaliter opponitur virtuti veritatis.</p><p title="II-II q. 110 a. 1 ad 1"><a name="43648"><span class="ref">[43648] IIª-IIae q. 110 a. 1 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	716 ergo dicendum quod unumquodque magis iudicatur secundum id quod est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	717 in eo formaliter et per se, quam secundum id quod est in eo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	718 materialiter et per accidens. Et ideo magis opponitur veritati,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	719 inquantum est virtus moralis, quod aliquis dicat verum intendens
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	720 dicere falsum, quam quod dicat falsum intendens dicere verum.</p><p title="II-II q. 110 a. 1 ad 2"><a name="43649"><span class="ref">[43649] IIª-IIae q. 110 a. 1 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	721 dicendum quod, sicut Augustinus dicit, in II de Doctr. Christ.,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	722 voces praecipuum locum tenent inter alia signa. Et ideo cum dicitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	723 quod mendacium est falsa vocis significatio, nomine vocis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	724 intelligitur omne signum. Unde ille qui aliquod falsum nutibus
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	725 significare intenderet, non esset a mendacio immunis.</p><p title="II-II q. 110 a. 1 ad 3"><a name="43650"><span class="ref">[43650] IIª-IIae q. 110 a. 1 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	726 dicendum quod cupiditas fallendi pertinet ad perfectionem mendacii,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	727 non autem ad speciem ipsius, sicut nec aliquis effectus pertinet ad
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	728 speciem suae causae.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 2</h3><p title="II-II q. 110 a. 2 arg. 1"><a name="43651"><span class="ref">[43651] IIª-IIae q. 110 a. 2 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	729 secundum sic proceditur. Videtur quod insufficienter mendacium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	730 dividatur per mendacium officiosum, iocosum et perniciosum. Divisio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	731 enim est danda secundum ea quae per se conveniunt rei, ut patet per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	732 philosophum, in VII Metaphys. Sed intentio effectus est praeter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	733 speciem actus moralis, et per accidens se habet ad illum, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	734 videtur, unde et infiniti effectus possunt consequi ex uno actu.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	735 Haec autem divisio datur secundum intentionem effectus, nam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	736 mendacium iocosum est quod fit causa ludi; mendacium autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	737 officiosum, quod fit causa utilitatis; mendacium autem perniciosum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	738 quod fit causa nocumenti. Ergo inconvenienter hoc modo dividitur
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	739 mendacium.</p><p title="II-II q. 110 a. 2 arg. 2"><a name="43652"><span class="ref">[43652] IIª-IIae q. 110 a. 2 arg. 2</span></a>
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	740 Praeterea, Augustinus, in libro contra mendacium, dividit mendacium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	741 in octo partes. Quorum primum est in doctrina religionis; secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	742 est ut nulli prosit et obsit alicui; tertium est quod prodest uni
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	743 ita ut alteri obsit; quartum est quod fit sola mentiendi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	744 fallendique libidine; quintum est quod fit placendi cupiditate;
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	745 sextum est quod nulli obest, et prodest alicui ad conservandam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	746 pecuniam; septimum est quod nulli obest, et prodest alicui ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	747 vitandum mortem; octavum quod nulli obest, et prodest alicui ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	748 vitandum immunditiam corporalem. Ergo videtur quod prima divisio
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	749 mendacii sit insufficiens.</p><p title="II-II q. 110 a. 2 arg. 3"><a name="43653"><span class="ref">[43653] IIª-IIae q. 110 a. 2 arg. 3</span></a>
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	750 Praeterea, philosophus, in IV Ethic., dividit mendacium in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	751 iactantiam, quae verum excedit in dicendo, et ironiam, quae deficit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	752 a vero in minus. Quae duo sub nullo praedictorum membrorum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	753 continentur. Ergo videtur quod praedicta divisio mendacii sit
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	754 incompetens.</p><p title="II-II q. 110 a. 2 s. c."><a name="43654"><span class="ref">[43654] IIª-IIae q. 110 a. 2 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	755 est quod super illud Psalm., <i>perdes omnes qui loquuntur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	756 mendacium</i>, dicit Glossa quod <i>sunt tria genera mendaciorum.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	757 Quaedam enim sunt pro salute et commodo alicuius; est etiam aliud
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	758 genus mendacii, quod fit ioco; tertium vero mendacii genus est quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	759 fit ex malignitate</i>. Primum autem horum dicitur officiosum;
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	760 secundum, iocosum; tertium, perniciosum. Ergo mendacium in tria
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	761 praedicta dividitur.</p><p title="II-II q. 110 a. 2 co."><a name="43655"><span class="ref">[43655] IIª-IIae q. 110 a. 2 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	762 dicendum quod mendacium tripliciter dividi potest. Uno modo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	763 secundum ipsam mendacii rationem, quae est propria et per se
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	764 mendacii divisio. Et secundum hoc, mendacium in duo dividitur,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	765 scilicet in mendacium quod transcendit veritatem in maius, quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	766 pertinet ad iactantiam; et in mendacium quod deficit a veritate in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	767 minus, quod pertinet ad ironiam; ut patet per philosophum, in IV
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	768 Ethic. Haec autem divisio ideo per se est ipsius mendacii, quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	769 mendacium, inquantum huiusmodi, opponitur veritati, ut dictum est,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	770 veritas autem aequalitas quaedam est, cui per se opponitur maius et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	771 minus. Alio modo potest dividi mendacium inquantum habet rationem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	772 culpae, secundum ea quae aggravant vel diminuunt culpam mendacii ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	773 parte finis intenti. Aggravat autem culpam mendacii si aliquis per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	774 mendacium intendat alterius nocumentum, quod vocatur mendacium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	775 perniciosum. Diminuitur autem culpa mendacii si ordinetur ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	776 aliquod bonum, vel delectabile et sic est mendacium iocosum; vel,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	777 utile, et sic est mendacium officiosum, sive quo intenditur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	778 iuvamentum alterius vel remotio nocumenti. Et secundum hoc,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	779 dividitur mendacium in tria praedicta. Tertio modo dividitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	780 mendacium universalius secundum ordinem ad finem, sive ex hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	781 addatur vel diminuatur ad culpam mendacii, sive non. Et secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	782 hoc, est divisio octo membrorum quae dicta est. In qua quidem tria
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	783 prima membra continentur sub mendacio pernicioso. Quod quidem fit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	784 vel contra Deum, et ad hoc pertinet primum mendacium, quod est in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	785 doctrina religionis. Vel est contra hominem, sive sola intentione
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	786 nocendi alicui, et sic est secundum mendacium, quod scilicet nulli
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	787 prodest et obest alicui; sive etiam intendatur in nocumento unius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	788 utilitas alterius, et hoc est tertium mendacium, quod uni prodest
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	789 et alteri obest. Inter quae tria primum est gravissimum, quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	790 semper peccata contra Deum sunt graviora, ut supra dictum est.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	791 Secundum autem est gravius tertio, quod diminuitur ex intentione
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	792 utilitatis alterius. Post haec autem tria quae superaddunt ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	793 gravitatem culpae mendacii, ponitur quartum, quod habet propriam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	794 quantitatem sine additione vel diminutione. Et hoc est mendacium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	795 quod fit ex sola mentiendi libidine, quod procedit ex habitu, unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	796 et philosophus dicit, in IV Ethic., quod <i>mendax, eo quod talis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	797 est secundum habitum, ipso mendacio gaudet</i>. Quatuor vero
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	798 subsequentes modi diminuunt de culpa mendacii. Nam quintum est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	799 mendacium iocosum, quod fit placendi cupiditate. Alia vero tria
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	800 continentur sub mendacio officioso. In quo intenditur quod est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	801 alteri utile vel quantum ad res exteriores, et sic est sextum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	802 mendacium, quod prodest alicui ad pecuniam conservandam; vel est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	803 utile corpori, et hoc est septimum mendacium, quo impeditur mors
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	804 hominis; vel est utile etiam ad honestatem virtutis, et hoc est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	805 octavum mendacium, in quo impeditur illicita pollutio corporalis.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	806 Patet autem quod quanto bonum intentum est melius, tanto magis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	807 minuitur culpa mendacii. Et ideo, si quis diligenter consideret,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	808 secundum ordinem praedictae enumerationis est ordo gravitatis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	809 culpae in istis mendaciis, nam bonum utile praefertur delectabili;
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	810 et vita corporalis praefertur pecuniae; honestas autem etiam ipsi
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	811 corporali vitae.</p><p title="II-II q. 110 a. 2 ad arg."><a name="43656"><span class="ref">[43656] IIª-IIae q. 110 a. 2 ad arg.</span></a> Et per
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	812 hoc patet responsio ad obiecta.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 3</h3><p title="II-II q. 110 a. 3 arg. 1"><a name="43657"><span class="ref">[43657] IIª-IIae q. 110 a. 3 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	813 tertium sic proceditur. Videtur quod non omne mendacium sit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	814 peccatum. Manifestum est enim quod Evangelistae scribendo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	815 Evangelium non peccaverunt. Videntur tamen aliquid falsum dixisse,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	816 quia verba Christi, et etiam aliorum, frequenter aliter unus et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	817 aliter retulit alius; unde videtur quod alter eorum dixerit falsum.
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	818 Non ergo omne mendacium est peccatum.</p><p title="II-II q. 110 a. 3 arg. 2"><a name="43658"><span class="ref">[43658] IIª-IIae q. 110 a. 3 arg. 2</span></a>
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	819 Praeterea, nullus remuneratur a Deo pro peccato. Sed obstetrices
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	820 Aegypti remuneratae sunt a Deo propter mendacium, dicitur enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	821 Exod. I, quod <i>aedificavit illis Deus domos</i>. Ergo mendacium
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	822 non est peccatum.</p><p title="II-II q. 110 a. 3 arg. 3"><a name="43659"><span class="ref">[43659] IIª-IIae q. 110 a. 3 arg. 3</span></a>
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	823 Praeterea, gesta sanctorum narrantur in sacra Scriptura ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	824 informationem vitae humanae. Sed de quibusdam sanctissimis viris
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	825 legitur quod sunt mentiti, sicut legitur Gen. XII et XX quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	826 Abraham dixit de uxore sua quod soror sua esset. Iacob etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	827 mentitus est dicens se Esau, tamen benedictionem adeptus est, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	828 habetur Gen. XXVII. Iudith etiam commendatur, quae tamen Holoferni
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	829 mentita est. Non ergo omne mendacium est peccatum.</p><p title="II-II q. 110 a. 3 arg. 4"><a name="43660"><span class="ref">[43660] IIª-IIae q. 110 a. 3 arg. 4</span></a>
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	830 Praeterea, minus malum est eligendum ut vitetur maius malum, sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	831 medicus praecidit membrum ne corrumpatur totum corpus. Sed minus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	832 nocumentum est quod aliquis generet falsam opinionem in animo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	833 alicuius quam quod aliquis occidat vel occidatur. Ergo licite
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	834 potest homo mentiri ut unum praeservet ab homicidio, et alium
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	835 praeservet a morte.</p><p title="II-II q. 110 a. 3 arg. 5"><a name="43661"><span class="ref">[43661] IIª-IIae q. 110 a. 3 arg. 5</span></a>
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	836 Praeterea, mendacium est si quis non impleat quod promisit. Sed non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	837 omnia promissa sunt implenda, dicit enim Isidorus, in malis
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	838 promissis rescinde fidem. Ergo non omne mendacium est vitandum.</p><p title="II-II q. 110 a. 3 arg. 6"><a name="43662"><span class="ref">[43662] IIª-IIae q. 110 a. 3 arg. 6</span></a>
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	839 Praeterea, mendacium ob hoc videtur esse peccatum quia per ipsum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	840 homo decipit proximum, unde Augustinus dicit, in libro contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	841 mendacium, <i>quisquis esse aliquod genus mendacii quod peccatum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	842 non sit, putaverit, decipiet seipsum turpiter, cum honestum se
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	843 deceptorem arbitretur aliorum</i>. Sed non omne mendacium est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	844 deceptionis causa, quia per mendacium iocosum nullus decipitur. Non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	845 enim ad hoc dicuntur huiusmodi mendacia ut credantur, sed propter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	846 delectationem solam, unde et hyperbolicae locutiones quandoque
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	847 etiam in sacra Scriptura inveniuntur. Non ergo omne mendacium est
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	848 peccatum.</p><p title="II-II q. 110 a. 3 s. c."><a name="43663"><span class="ref">[43663] IIª-IIae q. 110 a. 3 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	849 est quod dicitur Eccli. VII, <i>noli velle mentiri omne
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	850 mendacium</i>.</p><p title="II-II q. 110 a. 3 co."><a name="43664"><span class="ref">[43664] IIª-IIae q. 110 a. 3 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	851 dicendum quod illud quod est secundum se malum ex genere, nullo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	852 modo potest esse bonum et licitum, quia ad hoc quod aliquid sit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	853 bonum, requiritur quod omnia recte concurrant; bonum enim est ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	854 integra causa, malum autem est ex singularibus defectibus, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	855 Dionysius dicit, IV cap. de Div. Nom. Mendacium autem est malum ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	856 genere. Est enim actus cadens super indebitam materiam, cum enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	857 voces sint signa naturaliter intellectuum, innaturale est et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	858 indebitum quod aliquis voce significet id quod non habet in mente.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	859 Unde philosophus dicit, in IV Ethic., quod <i>mendacium est per se
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	860 pravum et fugiendum, verum autem et bonum et laudabile</i>. Unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	861 omne mendacium est peccatum, sicut etiam Augustinus asserit, in
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	862 libro contra mendacium.</p><p title="II-II q. 110 a. 3 ad 1"><a name="43665"><span class="ref">[43665] IIª-IIae q. 110 a. 3 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	863 ergo dicendum quod nec in Evangelio, nec in aliqua Scriptura
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	864 canonica fas est opinari aliquod falsum asseri, nec quod scriptores
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	865 earum mendacium dixerunt, quia periret fidei certitudo, quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	866 auctoritati sacrae Scripturae innititur. In hoc vero quod in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	867 Evangelio, et in aliis Scripturis sacris, verba aliquorum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	868 diversimode recitantur, non est mendacium. Unde Augustinus dicit,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	869 in libro de consensu Evangelist., <i>nullo modo laborandum esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	870 iudicat qui prudenter intelligit ipsas sententias esse necessarias
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	871 cognoscendae veritati, quibuslibet verbis fuerint explicatae. Et in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	872 hoc apparet</i>, ut ibidem subdit, <i>non debere nos arbitrari
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	873 mentiri quemquam si, pluribus reminiscentibus rem quam audierunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	874 vel viderunt, non eodem modo atque eisdem verbis eadem res fuerit
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	875 indicata</i>.</p><p title="II-II q. 110 a. 3 ad 2"><a name="43666"><span class="ref">[43666] IIª-IIae q. 110 a. 3 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	876 dicendum quod obstetrices non sunt remuneratae pro mendacio, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	877 pro timore Dei et benevolentia, ex qua processit mendacium. Unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	878 signanter dicitur Exod. I, <i>et quia timuerunt obstetrices Deum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	879 aedificavit illis domos</i>. Mendacium vero postea sequens non fuit
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	880 meritorium.</p><p title="II-II q. 110 a. 3 ad 3"><a name="43667"><span class="ref">[43667] IIª-IIae q. 110 a. 3 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	881 dicendum quod in sacra Scriptura, sicut Augustinus dicit,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	882 inducuntur aliquorum gesta quasi exempla perfectae virtutis, de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	883 quibus non est aestimandum eos fuisse mentitos. Si qua tamen in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	884 eorum dictis appareant quae mendacia videantur, intelligendum est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	885 ea figuraliter et prophetice dicta esse. Unde Augustinus dicit, in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	886 libro contra mendacium, <i>credendum est illos homines qui
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	887 propheticis temporibus digni auctoritate fuisse commemorantur,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	888 omnia quae scripta sunt de illis prophetice gessisse atque
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	889 dixisse</i>. Abraham tamen, ut Augustinus dicit, in quaest. Genes.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	890 Dicens Saram esse suam sororem, veritatem voluit celari, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	891 mendacium dici, soror enim dicitur quia filia fratris erat. Unde et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	892 ipse Abraham dicit, Gen. XX, <i>vere soror mea est, filia patris
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	893 mei, et non matris meae filia</i>, quia scilicet ex parte patris ei
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	894 attinebat. Iacob vero mystice dixit se esse Esau, primogenitum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	895 Isaac, quia videlicet primogenita illius de iure ei debebantur.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	896 Usus autem est hoc modo loquendi per spiritum prophetiae, ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	897 designandum mysterium, quia videlicet minor populus, scilicet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	898 gentilium, substituendus erat in locum primogeniti, scilicet in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	899 locum Iudaeorum. Quidam vero commendantur in Scriptura non propter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	900 perfectam virtutem, sed propter quandam virtutis indolem, quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	901 scilicet apparebat in eis aliquis laudabilis affectus, ex quo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	902 movebantur ad quaedam indebita facienda. Et hoc modo Iudith
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	903 laudatur, non quia mentita est Holoferni, sed propter affectum quem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	904 habuit ad salutem populi, pro qua periculis se exposuit. Quamvis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	905 etiam dici possit quod verba eius veritatem habent secundum aliquem
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	906 mysticum intellectum.</p><p title="II-II q. 110 a. 3 ad 4"><a name="43668"><span class="ref">[43668] IIª-IIae q. 110 a. 3 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	907 dicendum quod mendacium non solum habet rationem peccati ex damno
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	908 quod infert proximo, sed ex sua inordinatione, ut dictum est. Non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	909 licet autem aliqua illicita inordinatione uti ad impediendum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	910 nocumenta et defectus aliorum, sicut non licet furari ad hoc quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	911 homo eleemosynam faciat (nisi forte in casu necessitatis, in quo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	912 omnia sunt communia). Et ideo non est licitum mendacium dicere ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	913 hoc quod aliquis alium a quocumque periculo liberet. Licet tamen
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	914 veritatem occultare prudenter sub aliqua dissimulatione, ut
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	915 Augustinus dicit, contra mendacium.</p><p title="II-II q. 110 a. 3 ad 5"><a name="43669"><span class="ref">[43669] IIª-IIae q. 110 a. 3 ad 5</span></a> Ad quintum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	916 dicendum quod ille qui aliquid promittit, si habeat animum faciendi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	917 quod promittit, non mentitur, quia non loquitur contra id quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	918 gerit in mente. Si vero non faciat quod promisit, tunc videtur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	919 infideliter agere per hoc quod animum mutat. Potest tamen excusari
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	920 ex duobus. Uno modo, si promisit id quod est manifeste illicitum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	921 quia promittendo peccavit, mutando autem propositum bene facit.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	922 Alio modo, si sint mutatae conditiones personarum et negotiorum. Ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	923 enim Seneca dicit, in libro de Benefic., ad hoc quod homo teneatur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	924 facere quod promisit, requiritur quod omnia immutata permaneant,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	925 alioquin nec fuit mendax in promittendo, quia promisit quod habebat
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	926 in mente, subintellectis debitis conditionibus; nec etiam est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	927 infidelis non implendo quod promisit, quia eaedem conditiones non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	928 extant. Unde et apostolus non est mentitus, qui non ivit Corinthum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	929 quo se iturum esse promiserat, ut dicitur II Cor. I, et hoc propter
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	930 impedimenta quae supervenerant.</p><p title="II-II q. 110 a. 3 ad 6"><a name="43670"><span class="ref">[43670] IIª-IIae q. 110 a. 3 ad 6</span></a> Ad sextum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	931 dicendum quod operatio aliqua potest considerari dupliciter, uno
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	932 modo, secundum seipsam; alio modo, ex parte operantis. Mendacium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	933 igitur iocosum ex ipso genere operis habet rationem fallendi,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	934 quamvis ex intentione dicentis non dicatur ad fallendum, nec fallat
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	935 ex modo dicendi. Nec est simile de hyperbolicis aut quibuscumque
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	936 figurativis locutionibus, quae in sacra Scriptura inveniuntur,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	937 quia, sicut Augustinus dicit, in libro contra mendacium,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	938 <i>quidquid figurate fit aut dicitur, non est mendacium. Omnis enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	939 enuntiatio ad id quod enuntiat referenda est, omne autem figurate
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	940 aut factum aut dictum hoc enuntiat quod significat eis quibus
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	941 intelligendum prolatum est</i>.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 4</h3><p title="II-II q. 110 a. 4 arg. 1"><a name="43671"><span class="ref">[43671] IIª-IIae q. 110 a. 4 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	942 quartum sic proceditur. Videtur quod omne mendacium sit peccatum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	943 mortale. Dicitur enim in Psalm., <i>perdes omnes qui loquuntur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	944 mendacium</i>, et Sap. I, <i>os quod mentitur occidit animam</i>.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	945 Sed perditio et mors animae non est nisi per peccatum mortale. Ergo
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	946 omne mendacium est peccatum mortale.</p><p title="II-II q. 110 a. 4 arg. 2"><a name="43672"><span class="ref">[43672] IIª-IIae q. 110 a. 4 arg. 2</span></a>
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	947 Praeterea, omne quod est contra praeceptum Decalogi est peccatum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	948 mortale. Sed mendacium est contra hoc praeceptum Decalogi, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	949 falsum testimonium dices. Ergo omne mendacium est peccatum
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	950 mortale.</p><p title="II-II q. 110 a. 4 arg. 3"><a name="43673"><span class="ref">[43673] IIª-IIae q. 110 a. 4 arg. 3</span></a>
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	951 Praeterea, Augustinus dicit, in I de Doct. Christ., <i>nemo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	952 mentiens, in eo quod mentitur, servat fidem, nam hoc utique vult,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	953 ut cui mentitur fidem sibi habeat, quam tamen ei mentiendo non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	954 servat. Omnis autem fidei violator iniquus est</i>. Nullus autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	955 dicitur fidei violator vel iniquus propter peccatum veniale. Ergo
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	956 nullum mendacium est peccatum veniale.</p><p title="II-II q. 110 a. 4 arg. 4"><a name="43674"><span class="ref">[43674] IIª-IIae q. 110 a. 4 arg. 4</span></a>
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	957 Praeterea, merces aeterna non perditur nisi pro peccato mortali.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	958 Sed pro mendacio perditur merces aeterna, commutata in temporale,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	959 dicit enim Gregorius quod <i>in remuneratione obstetricum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	960 cognoscitur quid mendacii culpa mereatur. Nam benignitatis earum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	961 merces, quae eis potuit in aeterna vita tribui, praemissa culpa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	962 mendacii, in terrenam est remunerationem declinata</i>. Ergo etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	963 mendacium officiosum, quale fuit obstetricum, quod videtur esse
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	964 levissimum, est peccatum mortale.</p><p title="II-II q. 110 a. 4 arg. 5"><a name="43675"><span class="ref">[43675] IIª-IIae q. 110 a. 4 arg. 5</span></a>
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	965 Praeterea, Augustinus dicit, in libro contra mendacium, quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	966 <i>perfectorum praeceptum est omnino non solum non mentiri, sed nec
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	967 velle mentiri</i>. Sed facere contra praeceptum est peccatum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	968 mortale. Ergo omne mendacium perfectorum est peccatum mortale. Pari
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	969 ergo ratione et quorumlibet aliorum, alioquin essent peioris
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	970 conditionis.</p><p title="II-II q. 110 a. 4 s. c."><a name="43676"><span class="ref">[43676] IIª-IIae q. 110 a. 4 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	971 est quod Augustinus dicit, in V Psalm., <i>duo sunt genera
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	972 mendaciorum in quibus non est magna culpa, sed tamen non sunt sine
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	973 culpa, cum aut iocamur, aut proximo consulendo mentimur</i>. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	974 omne peccatum mortale habet gravem culpam. Ergo mendacium iocosum
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	975 et officiosum non sunt peccata mortalia.</p><p title="II-II q. 110 a. 4 co."><a name="43677"><span class="ref">[43677] IIª-IIae q. 110 a. 4 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	976 dicendum quod peccatum mortale proprie est quod repugnat caritati,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	977 per quam anima vivit Deo coniuncta, ut dictum est. Potest autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	978 mendacium contrariari caritati tripliciter, uno modo, secundum se;
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	979 alio modo, secundum finem intentum; tertio modo, per accidens.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	980 Secundum se quidem contrariatur caritati ex ipsa falsa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	981 significatione. Quae quidem si sit circa res divinas, contrariatur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	982 caritati Dei, cuius veritatem aliquis tali mendacio occultat vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	983 corrumpit. Unde huiusmodi mendacium non solum opponitur virtuti
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	984 veritatis, sed etiam virtuti fidei et religionis. Et ideo hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	985 mendacium est gravissimum, et mortale. Si vero falsa significatio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	986 sit circa aliquid cuius cognitio pertineat ad hominis bonum, puta
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	987 quae pertinent ad perfectionem scientiae et informationem morum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	988 tale mendacium, inquantum infert damnum falsae opinionis proximo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	989 contrariatur caritati quantum ad dilectionem proximi. Unde est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	990 peccatum mortale. Si vero sit falsa opinio ex mendacio generata
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	991 circa aliquid de quo non referat utrum sic vel aliter cognoscatur,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	992 tunc ex tali mendacio non damnificatur proximus, sicut si aliquis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	993 fallatur in aliquibus particularibus contingentibus ad se non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	994 pertinentibus. Unde tale mendacium secundum se non est peccatum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	995 mortale. Ratione vero finis intenti, aliquod mendacium contrariatur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	996 caritati, puta quod dicitur aut in iniuriam Dei, quod semper est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	997 peccatum mortale, utpote religioni contrarium; aut in nocumentum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	998 proximi, quantum ad personam, divitias vel famam. Et hoc etiam est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	999 peccatum mortale, cum nocere proximo sit peccatum mortale; ex sola
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1000 autem intentione peccati mortalis, aliquis mortaliter peccat. Si
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1001 vero finis intentus non sit contrarium caritati, nec mendacium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1002 secundum hanc rationem erit peccatum mortale, sicut apparet in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1003 mendacio iocoso, in quo intenditur aliqua levis delectatio; et in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1004 mendacio officioso, in quo intenditur etiam utilitas proximi. Per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1005 accidens autem potest contrariari caritati ratione scandali, vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1006 cuiuscumque damni consequentis. Et sic erit etiam peccatum mortale,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1007 dum scilicet aliquis non veretur propter scandalum publice
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1008 mentiri.</p><p title="II-II q. 110 a. 4 ad 1"><a name="43678"><span class="ref">[43678] IIª-IIae q. 110 a. 4 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1009 ergo dicendum quod auctoritates illae intelliguntur de mendacio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1010 pernicioso, ut Glossa exponit, super illud Psalm., <i>perdes omnes
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1011 qui loquuntur mendacium</i>.</p><p title="II-II q. 110 a. 4 ad 2"><a name="43679"><span class="ref">[43679] IIª-IIae q. 110 a. 4 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1012 dicendum quod, cum omnia praecepta Decalogi ordinentur ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1013 dilectionem Dei et proximi, sicut supra dictum est, intantum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1014 mendacium est contra praeceptum Decalogi inquantum est contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1015 dilectionem Dei et proximi. Unde signanter prohibetur contra
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1016 proximum falsum testimonium.</p><p title="II-II q. 110 a. 4 ad 3"><a name="43680"><span class="ref">[43680] IIª-IIae q. 110 a. 4 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1017 dicendum quod etiam peccatum veniale largo modo potest dici
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1018 iniquitas, inquantum est praeter aequitatem iustitiae. Unde dicitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1019 I Ioan. III, omne peccatum est iniquitas. Et hoc modo loquitur
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1020 Augustinus.</p><p title="II-II q. 110 a. 4 ad 4"><a name="43681"><span class="ref">[43681] IIª-IIae q. 110 a. 4 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1021 dicendum quod mendacium obstetricum potest dupliciter considerari.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1022 Uno modo, quantum ad effectum benevolentiae in Iudaeos, et quantum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1023 ad reverentiam divini timoris, ex quibus commendatur in eis indoles
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1024 virtutis. Et sic debetur eis remuneratio aeterna. Unde Hieronymus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1025 exponit quod Deus aedificavit illis domos spirituales. Alio modo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1026 potest considerari quantum ad ipsum exteriorem actum mendacii. Quo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1027 quidem non potuerunt aeternam remunerationem mereri, sed forte
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1028 aliquam remunerationem temporalem, cuius merito non repugnabat
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1029 deformitas illius mendacii, sicut repugnabat merito remunerationis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1030 aeternae. Et sic intelligenda sunt verba Gregorii, non quod per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1031 illud mendacium mererentur amittere remunerationem aeternam quam
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1032 iam ex praecedenti affectu meruerant, sicut ratio procedebat.</p><p title="II-II q. 110 a. 4 ad 5"><a name="43682"><span class="ref">[43682] IIª-IIae q. 110 a. 4 ad 5</span></a> Ad quintum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1033 dicendum quod quidam dicunt quod perfectis viris omne mendacium est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1034 peccatum mortale. Sed hoc irrationabiliter dicitur. Nulla enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1035 circumstantia aggravat in infinitum nisi quae transfert in aliam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1036 speciem. Circumstantia autem personae non trahit in aliam speciem,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1037 nisi forte ratione alicuius annexi, puta si sit contra votum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1038 ipsius; quod non potest dici de mendacio officioso vel iocoso. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1039 ideo mendacium officiosum vel iocosum non est peccatum mortale in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1040 viris perfectis, nisi forte per accidens, ratione scandali. Et ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1041 hoc potest referri quod Augustinus dicit, <i>perfectis esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1042 praeceptum non solum non mentiri, sed nec velle mentiri</i>.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1043 Quamvis hoc Augustinus non assertive, sed sub dubitatione dicat,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1044 praemittit enim, nisi forte ita ut perfectorum et cetera. Nec
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1045 obstat quod ipsi ponuntur in statu conservandae veritatis qui ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1046 veritatem tenentur ex suo officio in iudicio vel doctrina. Contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1047 quae si mentiantur, erit mendacium quod est peccatum mortale. In
59 03759e5c1080 fix multi-para s.c. ht parents: 53 diff changeset	1048 aliis autem non oportet quod mortaliter peccent mentiendo.</p></div></div><div id="q111" class="q"><h2>Quaestio 111</h2><div class="p"><h3>Prooemium</h3><p title="II-II q. 111 pr."><a name="43683"><span class="ref">[43683] IIª-IIae q. 111 pr.</span></a> Deinde
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1049 considerandum est de simulatione et hypocrisi. Et circa hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1050 quaeruntur quatuor. Primo, utrum omnis simulatio sit peccatum.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1051 Secundo, utrum hypocrisis sit simulatio. Tertio, utrum opponatur
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1052 veritati. Quarto, utrum sit peccatum mortale.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 1</h3><p title="II-II q. 111 a. 1 arg. 1"><a name="43684"><span class="ref">[43684] IIª-IIae q. 111 a. 1 arg. 1</span></a> Ad primum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1053 sic proceditur. Videtur quod non omnis simulatio sit peccatum.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1054 Dicitur enim Luc. ult., quod dominus se finxit longius ire. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1055 Ambrosius dicit de Abraham, in libro de patriarchis, quod captiose
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1056 loquebatur cum servulis cum dixit, Gen. XXII, <i>ego et puer, illuc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1057 usque properantes, postquam adoraverimus, revertemur ad vos</i>.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1058 Fingere autem et captiose loqui ad simulationem pertinet. Non est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1059 autem dicendum quod in Christo et in Abraham fuerit peccatum. Ergo
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1060 non omnis simulatio est peccatum.</p><p title="II-II q. 111 a. 1 arg. 2"><a name="43685"><span class="ref">[43685] IIª-IIae q. 111 a. 1 arg. 2</span></a>
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1061 Praeterea, nullum peccatum est utile. Sed sicut Hieronymus dicit,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1062 <i>utilem simulationem, et in tempore assumendam, Iehu, regis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1063 Israel, nos doceat exemplum, qui interfecit sacerdotes Baal fingens
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1064 se</i> idola colere velle, ut habetur IV Reg. X. <i>Et David
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1065 immutavit faciem suam coram Achis, rege Geth</i>, ut habetur I Reg.
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1066 XXI. Ergo non omnis simulatio est peccatum.</p><p title="II-II q. 111 a. 1 arg. 3"><a name="43686"><span class="ref">[43686] IIª-IIae q. 111 a. 1 arg. 3</span></a>
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1067 Praeterea, bonum malo est contrarium. Si ergo simulare bonum est
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1068 malum, simulare malum erit bonum.</p><p title="II-II q. 111 a. 1 arg. 4"><a name="43687"><span class="ref">[43687] IIª-IIae q. 111 a. 1 arg. 4</span></a>
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1069 Praeterea, Isaiae III, contra quosdam dicitur, <i>peccatum suum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1070 quasi Sodoma praedicaverunt, nec absconderunt</i>. Sed abscondere
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1071 peccatum ad simulationem pertinet. Ergo non uti simulatione
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1072 interdum est reprehensibile. Vitare autem peccatum nunquam est
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1073 reprehensibile. Ergo simulatio non semper est peccatum.</p><p title="II-II q. 111 a. 1 s. c."><a name="43688"><span class="ref">[43688] IIª-IIae q. 111 a. 1 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1074 est quod Isaiae XVI, super illud, in tribus annis etc., dicit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1075 Glossa, <i>in comparatione duorum malorum, levius est aperte
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1076 peccare quam sanctitatem simulare</i>. Sed aperte peccare semper
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1077 est peccatum. Ergo simulatio semper est peccatum.</p><p title="II-II q. 111 a. 1 co."><a name="43689"><span class="ref">[43689] IIª-IIae q. 111 a. 1 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1078 dicendum quod, sicut dictum est, ad virtutem veritatis pertinet ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1079 aliquis talem se exhibeat exterius per signa exteriora qualis est.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1080 Signa autem exteriora non solum sunt verba, sed etiam facta. Sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1081 ergo veritati opponitur quod aliquis per verba exteriora aliud
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1082 significet quam quod habet apud se, quod ad mendacium pertinet; ita
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1083 etiam veritati opponitur quod aliquis per aliqua signa factorum vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1084 rerum aliquid de se significet contrarium eius quod in eo est, quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1085 proprie simulatio dicitur. Unde simulatio proprie est mendacium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1086 quoddam in exteriorum signis factorum consistens. Non refert autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1087 utrum aliquis mentiatur verbo, vel quocumque alio facto, ut supra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1088 dictum est. Unde, cum omne mendacium sit peccatum, ut supra habitum
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1089 est, consequens est etiam quod omnis simulatio est peccatum.</p><p title="II-II q. 111 a. 1 ad 1"><a name="43690"><span class="ref">[43690] IIª-IIae q. 111 a. 1 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1090 ergo dicendum quod, sicut Augustinus dicit, in libro de quaest.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1091 Evang., <i>non omne quod fingimus mendacium est. Sed quando id
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1092 fingimus quod nihil significat, tunc est mendacium, cum autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1093 fictio nostra refertur ad aliquam significationem, non est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1094 mendacium, sed aliqua figura veritatis</i>. Et subiungit exemplum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1095 de figurativis locutionibus, in quibus fingitur quaedam res non ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1096 asseratur ita esse, sed eam proponimus ut figuram alterius quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1097 asserere volumus. Sic igitur dominus se finxit longius ire, quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1098 composuit motum suum quasi volentis longius ire, ad aliquid
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1099 figurate significandum, scilicet quod ipse ab eorum fide longe
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1100 erat, ut Gregorius dicit; vel, ut Augustinus dicit, quia, cum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1101 longius recessurus esset ascendendo in caelum, per hospitalitatem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1102 quodammodo retinebatur in terra. Abraham etiam figurate locutus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1103 est. Unde Ambrosius dicit de Abraham quod <i>prophetavit quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1104 ignorabat. Ipse enim solus disponebat redire, immolato filio, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1105 dominus per os eius locutus est quod parabat</i>. Unde patet quod
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1106 neuter simulavit.</p><p title="II-II q. 111 a. 1 ad 2"><a name="43691"><span class="ref">[43691] IIª-IIae q. 111 a. 1 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1107 dicendum quod Hieronymus large utitur nomine simulationis pro
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1108 quacumque fictione. Commutatio autem faciei David fuit fictio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1109 figuralis, sicut Glossa exponit in titulo illius Psalmi,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1110 <i>benedicam dominum in omni tempore</i>. Simulationem vero Iehu
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1111 non est necesse excusari a peccato vel mendacio, quia malus fuit,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1112 utpote ab idololatria Ieroboam non recedens. Commendatur tamen et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1113 temporaliter remuneratur a Deo, non pro simulatione, sed pro zelo
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1114 quo destruxit cultum Baal.</p><p title="II-II q. 111 a. 1 ad 3"><a name="43692"><span class="ref">[43692] IIª-IIae q. 111 a. 1 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1115 dicendum quod quidam dicunt quod nullus potest se simulare esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1116 malum, quia per opera bona nullus se simulat malum; si autem opera
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1117 mala faciat, malus est. Sed haec ratio non cogit. Potest enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1118 aliquis se simulare malum per opera quae in se non sunt mala, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1119 habent quandam speciem mali. Et tamen ipsa simulatio est mala, tum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1120 ratione mendacii; tum ratione scandali. Et quamvis per hoc fiat
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1121 malus, non tamen fit malus illa malitia quam simulat. Et quia ipsa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1122 simulatio secundum se mala est, non ratione eius de quo est; sive
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1123 sit de bono sive de malo, peccatum est.</p><p title="II-II q. 111 a. 1 ad 4"><a name="43693"><span class="ref">[43693] IIª-IIae q. 111 a. 1 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1124 dicendum quod sicut aliquis verbo mentitur quando significat quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1125 non est, non autem quando tacet quod est, quod aliquando licet; ita
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1126 etiam simulatio est quando aliquis per exteriora signa factorum vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1127 rerum significat aliquid quod non est, non autem si aliquis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1128 praetermittat significare quod est. Unde aliquis potest peccatum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1129 suum occultare absque simulatione. Et secundum hoc intelligendum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1130 est quod Hieronymus dicit ibidem, quod <i>secundum remedium post
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1131 naufragium est peccatum abscondere</i>, ne scilicet exinde aliis
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1132 scandalum generetur.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 2</h3><p title="II-II q. 111 a. 2 arg. 1"><a name="43694"><span class="ref">[43694] IIª-IIae q. 111 a. 2 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1133 secundum sic proceditur. Videtur quod hypocrisis non sit idem quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1134 simulatio. Simulatio enim consistit in quodam factorum mendacio.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1135 Sed hypocrisis potest esse etiam si aliquis ostendat exterius quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1136 interius agit, secundum illud Matth. VI, <i>cum facis eleemosynam,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1137 noli tuba canere ante te, sicut hypocritae faciunt</i>. Ergo
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1138 hypocrisis non est idem simulationi.</p><p title="II-II q. 111 a. 2 arg. 2"><a name="43695"><span class="ref">[43695] IIª-IIae q. 111 a. 2 arg. 2</span></a>
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1139 Praeterea, Gregorius dicit, XXXI Moral., <i>sunt nonnulli qui et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1140 sanctitatis habitum tenent, et perfectionis meritum exequi non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1141 valent. Hos nequaquam credendum est in hypocritarum numerum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1142 currere, quia aliud est infirmitate, aliud malitia peccare</i>. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1143 illi qui tenent habitum sanctitatis et meritum perfectionis non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1144 exequuntur, sunt simulatores, quia exterior habitus sanctitatis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1145 opera perfectionis significat. Non ergo simulatio est idem quod
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1146 hypocrisis.</p><p title="II-II q. 111 a. 2 arg. 3"><a name="43696"><span class="ref">[43696] IIª-IIae q. 111 a. 2 arg. 3</span></a>
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1147 Praeterea, hypocrisis in sola intentione consistit, dicit enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1148 dominus de hypocritis, Matth. XXIII, quod <i>omnia opera sua
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1149 faciunt ut ab hominibus videantur</i>; et Gregorius dicit, XXXI
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1150 Moral., quod <i>nunquam quid agant, sed quomodo de actione qualibet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1151 hominibus possint placere, considerant</i>. Sed simulatio non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1152 consistit in sola intentione, sed in exteriori operatione, unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1153 super illud Iob XXXVI, simulatores et callidi provocant iram Dei,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1154 dicit Glossa quod <i>simulator aliud simulat, aliud agit,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1155 castitatem praefert, et lasciviam sequitur; ostentat paupertatem,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1156 et marsupium replet</i>. Ergo hypocrisis non est idem quod
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1157 simulatio.</p><p title="II-II q. 111 a. 2 s. c."><a name="43697"><span class="ref">[43697] IIª-IIae q. 111 a. 2 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1158 est quod Isidorus dicit, in libro Etymol., <i>hypocrita Graeco
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1159 sermone in Latino simulator interpretatur, qui, dum intus malus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1160 sit, bonum se palam ostendit, hypo enim falsum, crisis iudicium
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1161 interpretatur</i>.</p><p title="II-II q. 111 a. 2 co."><a name="43698"><span class="ref">[43698] IIª-IIae q. 111 a. 2 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1162 dicendum quod, sicut Isidorus dicit, ibidem, <i>nomen hypocritae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1163 tractum est a specie eorum qui in spectaculis contecta facie
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1164 incedunt, distinguentes vultum vario colore ut ad personae quam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1165 simulant colorem perveniant, modo in specie viri, modo in specie
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1166 feminae, ut in ludis populum fallant</i>. Unde Augustinus dicit, in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1167 libro de Serm. Dom. in monte, quod <i>sicut hypocritae simulatores
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1168 personarum aliarum, agunt partes illius quod non sunt (non enim qui
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1169 agit partes Agamemnonis, vere ipse est, sed simulat eum); sic in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1170 Ecclesiis et in omni vita humana quisquis se vult videri quod non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1171 est, hypocrita est, simulat enim se iustum, non exhibet</i>. Sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1172 dicendum est quod hypocrisis simulatio est, non autem omnis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1173 simulatio, sed solum illa qua quis simulat personam alterius; sicut
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1174 cum peccator simulat personam iusti.</p><p title="II-II q. 111 a. 2 ad 1"><a name="43699"><span class="ref">[43699] IIª-IIae q. 111 a. 2 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1175 ergo dicendum quod opus exterius naturaliter significat
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1176 intentionem. Quando ergo aliquis per bona opera quae facit, ex suo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1177 genere ad Dei servitium pertinentia, non quaerit Deo placere, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1178 hominibus, simulat rectam intentionem, quam non habet. Unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1179 Gregorius dicit, XXXI Moral., quod <i>hypocritae per causas Dei
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1180 intentioni deserviunt saeculi, quia per ipsa quoque quae se agere
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1181 sancta ostendunt, non conversionem quaerunt hominum, sed auras
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1182 favorum</i>. Et ita simulant mendaciter intentionem rectam, quam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1183 non habent, quamvis non simulent aliquod rectum opus quod non
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1184 agant.</p><p title="II-II q. 111 a. 2 ad 2"><a name="43700"><span class="ref">[43700] IIª-IIae q. 111 a. 2 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1185 dicendum quod habitus sanctitatis, puta religionis vel clericatus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1186 significat statum quo quis obligatur ad opera perfectionis. Et ideo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1187 cum quis habitum sanctitatis assumit intendens se ad statum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1188 perfectionis transferre, si per infirmitatem deficiat, non est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1189 simulator vel hypocrita, quia non tenetur manifestare suum peccatum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1190 sanctitatis habitum deponendo. Si autem ad hoc sanctitatis habitum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1191 assumeret ut se iustum ostentaret, esset hypocrita et
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1192 simulator.</p><p title="II-II q. 111 a. 2 ad 3"><a name="43701"><span class="ref">[43701] IIª-IIae q. 111 a. 2 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1193 dicendum quod in simulatione, sicut in mendacio, duo sunt, unum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1194 quidem sicut signum, et aliud sicut signatum. Mala ergo intentio in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1195 hypocrisi consideratur sicut signatum, quod non respondet signo.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1196 Exteriora autem vel verba vel opera, vel quaecumque sensibilia,
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1197 considerantur in omni simulatione et mendacio sicut signa.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 3</h3><p title="II-II q. 111 a. 3 arg. 1"><a name="43702"><span class="ref">[43702] IIª-IIae q. 111 a. 3 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1198 tertium sic proceditur. Videtur quod hypocrisis non opponatur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1199 virtuti veritatis. In simulatione enim sive hypocrisi est signum et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1200 signatum. Sed quantum ad utrumque, non videtur opponi alicui
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1201 speciali virtuti, hypocrita enim simulat quamcumque virtutem; et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1202 etiam per quaecumque virtutis opera, puta per ieiunium, orationem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1203 et eleemosynam, ut habetur Matth. VI. Ergo hypocrisis non opponitur
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1204 specialiter virtuti veritatis.</p><p title="II-II q. 111 a. 3 arg. 2"><a name="43703"><span class="ref">[43703] IIª-IIae q. 111 a. 3 arg. 2</span></a>
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1205 Praeterea, omnis simulatio ex aliquo dolo procedere videtur, unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1206 et simplicitati opponitur. Dolus autem opponitur prudentiae, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1207 supra habitum est. Ergo hypocrisis, quae est simulatio. Non
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1208 opponitur veritati, sed magis prudentiae vel simplicitati.</p><p title="II-II q. 111 a. 3 arg. 3"><a name="43704"><span class="ref">[43704] IIª-IIae q. 111 a. 3 arg. 3</span></a>
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1209 Praeterea, species moralium considerantur ex fine. Sed finis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1210 hypocrisis est acquisitio lucri vel inanis gloriae, unde super
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1211 illud Iob XXVII, quae est spes hypocritae, si avare rapiat etc.,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1212 dicit Glossa, <i>hypocrita, qui Latine dicitur simulator, avarus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1213 raptor est, qui dum inique agens desiderat de sanctitate venerari,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1214 laudem vitae rapit alienae</i>. Cum ergo avaritia, vel inanis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1215 gloria, non directe opponatur veritati, videtur quod nec simulatio
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1216 sive hypocrisis.</p><p title="II-II q. 111 a. 3 s. c."><a name="43705"><span class="ref">[43705] IIª-IIae q. 111 a. 3 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1217 est quia omnis simulatio est mendacium quoddam, ut dictum est.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1218 Mendacium autem directe opponitur veritati. Ergo et simulatio sive
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1219 hypocrisis.</p><p title="II-II q. 111 a. 3 co."><a name="43706"><span class="ref">[43706] IIª-IIae q. 111 a. 3 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1220 dicendum quod, secundum philosophum, in X Metaphys., contrarietas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1221 est oppositio secundum formam, a qua scilicet res speciem habet. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1222 ideo dicendum est quod simulatio sive hypocrisis potest opponi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1223 alicui virtuti dupliciter, uno modo, directe; et alio modo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1224 indirecte. Directa quidem oppositio eius sive contrarietas est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1225 attendenda secundum ipsam speciem actus, quae accipitur secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1226 proprium obiectum. Unde cum hypocrisis sit quaedam simulatio qua
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1227 quis simulat se habere personam quam non habet, ut dictum est,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1228 consequens est quod directe opponatur veritati, <i>per quam aliquis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1229 exhibet se talem vita et sermone qualis est</i>, ut dicitur in IV
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1230 Ethic. Indirecta autem oppositio vel contrarietas hypocrisis potest
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1231 attendi secundum quodcumque accidens, puta secundum aliquem finem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1232 remotum, vel secundum aliquod instrumentum actus, vel quodcumque
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1233 aliud huiusmodi.</p><p title="II-II q. 111 a. 3 ad 1"><a name="43707"><span class="ref">[43707] IIª-IIae q. 111 a. 3 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1234 ergo dicendum quod hypocrita simulans aliquam virtutem, assumit eam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1235 ut finem non quidem secundum existentiam, quasi volens eam habere;
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1236 sed secundum apparentiam, quasi volens videri eam habere. Ex quo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1237 non habet quod opponatur illi virtuti, sed quod opponatur veritati,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1238 inquantum vult decipere homines circa illam virtutem. Opera autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1239 illius virtutis non assumit quasi per se intenta, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1240 instrumentaliter, quasi signa illius virtutis. Unde ex hoc non
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1241 habet directam oppositionem ad illam virtutem.</p><p title="II-II q. 111 a. 3 ad 2"><a name="43708"><span class="ref">[43708] IIª-IIae q. 111 a. 3 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1242 dicendum quod, sicut supra dictum est, prudentiae directe opponitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1243 astutia, ad quam pertinet adinvenire quasdam vias apparentes et non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1244 existentes ad propositum consequendum. Executio autem astutiae est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1245 proprie per dolum in verbis, per fraudem autem in factis. Et sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1246 astutia se habet ad prudentiam, ita dolus et fraus ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1247 simplicitatem. Dolus autem vel fraus ordinatur ad decipiendum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1248 principaliter, et quandoque secundario ad nocendum. Unde ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1249 simplicitatem pertinet directe se praeservare a deceptione. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1250 secundum hoc, ut supra dictum est, virtus simplicitatis est eadem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1251 virtuti veritatis, sed differt sola ratione, quia veritas dicitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1252 secundum quod signa concordant signatis; simplicitas autem dicitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1253 secundum quod non tendit in diversa, ut scilicet aliud intendat
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1254 interius, aliud praetendat exterius.</p><p title="II-II q. 111 a. 3 ad 3"><a name="43709"><span class="ref">[43709] IIª-IIae q. 111 a. 3 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1255 dicendum quod lucrum vel gloria est finis remotus simulatoris,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1256 sicut et mendacis. Unde ex hoc fine speciem non sortitur, sed ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1257 fine proximo, qui est ostendere se alium quam sit. Unde quandoque
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1258 contingit quod aliquis fingit de se magna, nullius alterius gratia,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1259 sed sola libidine simulandi, sicut philosophus dicit, in IV Ethic.,
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1260 et sicut etiam supra de mendacio dictum est.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 4</h3><p title="II-II q. 111 a. 4 arg. 1"><a name="43710"><span class="ref">[43710] IIª-IIae q. 111 a. 4 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1261 quartum sic proceditur. Videtur quod hypocrisis semper sit peccatum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1262 mortale. Dicit enim Hieronymus, Isaiae XVI, in Glossa, quod <i>in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1263 comparatione duorum malorum, levius est aperte peccare quam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1264 sanctitatem simulare</i>. Et super illud Iob I, sicut autem domino
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1265 placuit etc., dicit Glossa <i>quod simulata aequitas non est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1266 aequitas, sed duplicatum peccatum</i>. Et super illud Thren. IV,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1267 <i>maior effecta est iniquitas populi mei peccato Sodomorum</i>,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1268 dicit Glossa, <i>scelera animae planguntur quae in hypocrisim
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1269 labitur, cuius maior est iniquitas peccato Sodomorum</i>. Peccata
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1270 autem Sodomorum sunt peccata mortalia. Ergo et hypocrisis semper
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1271 est peccatum mortale.</p><p title="II-II q. 111 a. 4 arg. 2"><a name="43711"><span class="ref">[43711] IIª-IIae q. 111 a. 4 arg. 2</span></a>
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1272 Praeterea, Gregorius dicit, XXXI Moral., quod hypocritae ex malitia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1273 peccant. Sed hoc est gravissimum, quod pertinet ad peccatum in
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1274 spiritum sanctum. Ergo hypocrita semper mortaliter peccat.</p><p title="II-II q. 111 a. 4 arg. 3"><a name="43712"><span class="ref">[43712] IIª-IIae q. 111 a. 4 arg. 3</span></a>
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1275 Praeterea, nullus meretur iram Dei et exclusionem a Dei visione
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1276 nisi propter peccatum mortale. Sed per hypocrisim aliquis meretur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1277 iram Dei, secundum illud Iob XXXVI, <i>simulatores et callidi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1278 provocant iram Dei</i>. Excluditur etiam hypocrita a visione Dei,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1279 secundum illud Iob XIII, <i>non veniet in conspectu eius omnis
59 03759e5c1080 fix multi-para s.c. ht parents: 53 diff changeset	1280 hypocrita</i>. Ergo hypocrisis semper est peccatum mortale.</p><div class="sc"><p title="II-II q. 111 a. 4 s. c. 1"><a name="43713"><span class="ref">[43713] IIª-IIae q. 111 a. 4 s. c. 1</span></a> Sed
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1281 contra est quia hypocrisis est mendacium operis, cum sit simulatio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1282 quaedam. Non autem omne mendacium oris est peccatum mortale. Ergo
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1283 nec omnis hypocrisis.</p><p title="II-II q. 111 a. 4 s. c. 2"><a name="43714"><span class="ref">[43714] IIª-IIae q. 111 a. 4 s. c. 2</span></a>
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1284 Praeterea, intentio hypocritae est ad hoc quod videatur bonus. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1285 hoc non opponitur caritati. Ergo hypocrisis non est secundum se
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1286 peccatum mortale.</p><p title="II-II q. 111 a. 4 s. c. 3"><a name="43715"><span class="ref">[43715] IIª-IIae q. 111 a. 4 s. c. 3</span></a>
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1287 Praeterea, hypocrisis nascitur ex inani gloria, ut Gregorius dicit,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1288 XXXI Moral. Sed inanis gloria non semper est peccatum mortale. Ergo
59 03759e5c1080 fix multi-para s.c. ht parents: 53 diff changeset	1289 neque hypocrisis.</p></div><p title="II-II q. 111 a. 4 co."><a name="43716"><span class="ref">[43716] IIª-IIae q. 111 a. 4 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1290 dicendum quod in hypocrisi duo sunt, scilicet defectus sanctitatis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1291 et simulatio ipsius. Si ergo hypocrita dicatur ille cuius intentio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1292 fertur ad utrumque, ut scilicet aliquis non curet sanctitatem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1293 habere, sed solum sanctus apparere, sicut consuevit accipi in sacra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1294 Scriptura, sic manifestum est quod est peccatum mortale. Nullus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1295 enim privatur totaliter sanctitate nisi per peccatum mortale. Si
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1296 autem dicatur hypocrita ille qui intendit simulare sanctitatem, a
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1297 qua deficit per peccatum mortale, tunc, quamvis sit in peccato
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1298 mortali, ex quo privatur sanctitate; non tamen semper ipsa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1299 simulatio est ei in peccatum mortale, sed quandoque veniale. Quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1300 discernendum est ex fine. Qui si repugnat caritati Dei vel proximi,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1301 erit peccatum mortale, puta cum simulat sanctitatem ut falsam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1302 doctrinam disseminet, vel ut adipiscatur ecclesiasticam dignitatem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1303 indignus, vel quaecumque alia temporalia bona in quibus finem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1304 constituit. Si vero finis intentus non repugnet caritati, erit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1305 peccatum veniale, puta cum aliquis in ipsa fictione delectatur, de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1306 quo philosophus dicit, in IV Ethic., quod <i>magis videtur vanus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1307 quam malus</i>. Eadem enim ratio est de mendacio et simulatione.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1308 Contingit tamen quandoque quod aliquis simulat perfectionem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1309 sanctitatis, quae non est de necessitate salutis. Et talis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1310 simulatio nec semper est peccatum mortale, nec semper est cum
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1311 peccato mortali.</p><p title="II-II q. 111 a. 4 ad arg."><a name="43717"><span class="ref">[43717] IIª-IIae q. 111 a. 4 ad arg.</span></a> Et per
59 03759e5c1080 fix multi-para s.c. ht parents: 53 diff changeset	1312 hoc patet responsio ad obiecta.</p></div></div><div id="q112" class="q"><h2>Quaestio 112</h2><div class="p"><h3>Prooemium</h3><p title="II-II q. 112 pr."><a name="43718"><span class="ref">[43718] IIª-IIae q. 112 pr.</span></a> Deinde
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1313 considerandum est de iactantia et ironia, quae sunt partes
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1314 mendacii, secundum philosophum, in IV Ethic. Primo autem circa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1315 iactantiam quaeruntur duo. Primo, cui virtuti opponatur. Secundo,
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1316 utrum sit peccatum mortale.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 1</h3><p title="II-II q. 112 a. 1 arg. 1"><a name="43719"><span class="ref">[43719] IIª-IIae q. 112 a. 1 arg. 1</span></a> Ad primum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1317 sic proceditur. Videtur quod iactantia non opponatur virtuti
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1318 veritatis. Veritati enim opponitur mendacium. Sed quandoque potest
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1319 esse iactantia etiam sine mendacio, sicut cum aliquis excellentiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1320 suam ostentat, dicitur enim Esther I, quod <i>Assuerus fecit grande
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1321 convivium, ut ostenderet divitias gloriae suae ac regni sui, ac
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1322 magnitudinem atque iactantiam potentiae suae</i>. Ergo iactantia
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1323 non opponitur virtuti veritatis.</p><p title="II-II q. 112 a. 1 arg. 2"><a name="43720"><span class="ref">[43720] IIª-IIae q. 112 a. 1 arg. 2</span></a>
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1324 Praeterea, iactantia ponitur a Gregorio, XXIII Moral., una de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1325 quatuor speciebus superbiae, cum scilicet quis iactat se habere
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1326 quod non habet. Unde dicitur Ierem. XLVIII, <i>audivimus superbiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1327 Moab, superbus est valde. Sublimitatem eius et arrogantiam et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1328 superbiam et altitudinem cordis illius ego scio, ait dominus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1329 iactantiam eius, et quod non sit iuxta eam virtus eius</i>. Et XXXI
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1330 Moral., dicit Gregorius quod iactantia oritur ex inani gloria.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1331 Superbia autem et inanis gloria opponuntur virtuti humilitatis.
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1332 Ergo iactantia non opponitur veritati, sed humilitati.</p><p title="II-II q. 112 a. 1 arg. 3"><a name="43721"><span class="ref">[43721] IIª-IIae q. 112 a. 1 arg. 3</span></a>
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1333 Praeterea, iactantia ex divitiis causari videtur, unde dicitur Sap.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1334 V, <i>quid nobis profuit superbia? Aut quid divitiarum iactantia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1335 contulit nobis?</i> Sed superfluitas divitiarum videtur pertinere
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1336 ad peccatum avaritiae, quod opponitur iustitiae vel liberalitati.
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1337 Non ergo iactantia opponitur veritati.</p><p title="II-II q. 112 a. 1 s. c."><a name="43722"><span class="ref">[43722] IIª-IIae q. 112 a. 1 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1338 est quod philosophus, in II et IV Ethic., iactantiam opponit
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1339 veritati.</p><p title="II-II q. 112 a. 1 co."><a name="43723"><span class="ref">[43723] IIª-IIae q. 112 a. 1 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1340 dicendum quod iactantia proprie importare videtur quod homo verbis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1341 se extollat, illa enim quae homo vult longe iactare, in altum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1342 elevat. Tunc autem proprie aliquis se extollit, quando de se supra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1343 se aliquid dicit. Quod quidem contingit dupliciter. Quandoque enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1344 aliquis loquitur de se, non quidem supra id quod in se est, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1345 supra id quod de eo homines opinantur quod apostolus refugiens
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1346 dicit, II ad Cor. XII, <i>parco, ne quis me existimet supra id quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1347 videt in me, aut audit aliquid ex me</i>. Alio modo aliquis per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1348 verba se extollit loquens de se supra id quod in se est secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1349 rei veritatem. Et quia magis est aliquid iudicandum secundum quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1350 in se est quam secundum quod est in opinione aliorum, inde est quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1351 magis proprie dicitur iactantia quando aliquis effert se supra id
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1352 quod in ipso est, quam quando effert se supra id quod est in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1353 opinione aliorum, quamvis utroque modo iactantia dici possit. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1354 ideo iactantia proprie dicta opponitur veritati per modum
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1355 excessus.</p><p title="II-II q. 112 a. 1 ad 1"><a name="43724"><span class="ref">[43724] IIª-IIae q. 112 a. 1 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1356 ergo dicendum quod ratio illa procedit de iactantia secundum quod
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1357 excedit opinionem.</p><p title="II-II q. 112 a. 1 ad 2"><a name="43725"><span class="ref">[43725] IIª-IIae q. 112 a. 1 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1358 dicendum quod peccatum iactantiae potest considerari dupliciter.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1359 Uno modo, secundum speciem actus. Et sic opponitur veritati, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1360 dictum est. Alio modo, secundum causam suam, ex qua, etsi non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1361 semper, tamen frequentius accidit. Et sic procedit quidem ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1362 superbia sicut ex causa interius motiva et impellente, ex hoc enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1363 quod aliquis interius per arrogantiam supra seipsum elevatur,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1364 sequitur plerumque quod exterius maiora quaedam de se iactet; licet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1365 quandoque non ex arrogantia, sed ex quadam vanitate aliquis ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1366 iactantiam procedat, et in hoc delectetur quia talis est secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1367 habitum. Et ideo arrogantia, per quam aliquis supra seipsum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1368 extollitur, est superbiae species, non tamen est idem iactantiae,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1369 sed, ut frequentius, eius causa, et propter hoc Gregorius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1370 iactantiam ponit inter superbiae species. Tendit autem iactator
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1371 plerumque ad hoc quod gloriam consequatur per suam iactantiam. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1372 ideo, secundum Gregorium, ex inani gloria oritur secundum rationem
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1373 finis.</p><p title="II-II q. 112 a. 1 ad 3"><a name="43726"><span class="ref">[43726] IIª-IIae q. 112 a. 1 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1374 dicendum quod opulentia etiam iactantiam causat dupliciter. Uno
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1375 modo, occasionaliter, inquantum de divitiis aliquis superbit. Unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1376 et signanter, Prov. VIII, opes dicuntur superbae. Alio modo, per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1377 modum finis, quia, ut dicitur in IV Ethic., aliqui seipsos iactant
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1378 non solum propter gloriam, sed etiam propter lucrum, qui de seipsis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1379 fingunt ea ex quibus lucrari possint, puta quod sint medici, vel
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1380 sapientes et divini.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 2</h3><p title="II-II q. 112 a. 2 arg. 1"><a name="43727"><span class="ref">[43727] IIª-IIae q. 112 a. 2 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1381 secundum sic proceditur. Videtur quod iactantia sit peccatum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1382 mortale. Dicitur enim Prov. XXVIII, <i>qui se iactat et dilatat,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1383 iurgia concitat</i>. Sed concitare iurgia est peccatum mortale,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1384 detestatur enim Deus eos qui seminant discordias, ut habetur Prov.
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1385 VI. Ergo iactantia est peccatum mortale.</p><p title="II-II q. 112 a. 2 arg. 2"><a name="43728"><span class="ref">[43728] IIª-IIae q. 112 a. 2 arg. 2</span></a>
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1386 Praeterea, omne quod prohibetur in lege Dei est peccatum mortale.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1387 Sed super illud Eccli. VI, <i>non te extollas in cogitatione
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1388 tua</i>, dicit Glossa, <i>iactantiam et superbiam prohibet</i>.
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1389 Ergo iactantia est peccatum mortale.</p><p title="II-II q. 112 a. 2 arg. 3"><a name="43729"><span class="ref">[43729] IIª-IIae q. 112 a. 2 arg. 3</span></a>
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1390 Praeterea, iactantia est mendacium quoddam. Non est autem mendacium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1391 officiosum vel iocosum. Quod patet ex fine mendacii. Quia, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1392 philosophus dicit, in IV Ethic., iactator fingit de se maiora
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1393 existentibus, quandoque nullius gratia, quandoque autem gratia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1394 gloriae vel honoris, quandoque autem gratia argenti, et sic patet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1395 quod neque est mendacium iocosum, neque officiosum. Unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1396 relinquitur quod semper sit perniciosum. Videtur ergo semper esse
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1397 peccatum mortale.</p><p title="II-II q. 112 a. 2 s. c."><a name="43730"><span class="ref">[43730] IIª-IIae q. 112 a. 2 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1398 est quod iactantia oritur ex inani gloria, secundum Gregorium, XXXI
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1399 Moral. Sed inanis gloria non semper est peccatum mortale, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1400 quandoque veniale, quod vitare est valde perfectorum, dicit enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1401 Gregorius quod <i>valde perfectorum est sic ostenso opere auctoris
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1402 gloriam quaerere ut de illata laude privata nesciant exultatione
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1403 gaudere</i>. Ergo iactantia non semper est peccatum mortale.</p><p title="II-II q. 112 a. 2 co."><a name="43731"><span class="ref">[43731] IIª-IIae q. 112 a. 2 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1404 dicendum quod, sicut supra dictum est, peccatum mortale est quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1405 caritati contrariatur. Dupliciter ergo iactantia considerari
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1406 potest. Uno modo, secundum se, prout est mendacium quoddam. Et sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1407 quandoque est peccatum mortale, quandoque veniale. Mortale quidem,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1408 quando aliquis iactanter de se profert quod est contra gloriam Dei,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1409 sicut ex persona regis Tyri dicitur Ezech. XXVIII, <i>elevatum est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1410 cor tuum, et dixisti, Deus ego sum</i>. Vel etiam contra caritatem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1411 proximi, sicut cum aliquis, iactando seipsum, prorumpit in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1412 contumelias aliorum; sicut habetur Luc. XVIII de Pharisaeo, qui
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1413 dicebat, <i>non sum sicut ceteri hominum, raptores, iniusti,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1414 adulteri, velut etiam hic publicanus</i>. Quandoque vero est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1415 peccatum veniale, quando scilicet aliquis de se talia iactat quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1416 neque sunt contra Deum, neque contra proximum. Alio modo potest
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1417 considerari secundum suam causam, scilicet superbiam, vel appetitum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1418 lucri aut inanis gloriae. Et sic, si procedat ex superbia vel inani
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1419 gloria quae sit peccatum mortale, etiam ipsa iactantia erit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1420 peccatum mortale. Alioquin erit peccatum veniale. Sed quando
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1421 aliquis prorumpit in iactantiam propter appetitum lucri, hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1422 videtur iam pertinere ad proximi deceptionem et damnum. Et ideo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1423 talis iactantia magis est peccatum mortale. Unde et philosophus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1424 dicit, in IV Ethic., quod <i>turpior est qui se iactat causa lucri
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1425 quam qui se iactat causa gloriae vel honoris</i>. Non tamen semper
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1426 est peccatum mortale, quia potest esse tale lucrum ex quo alius non
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1427 damnificatur.</p><p title="II-II q. 112 a. 2 ad 1"><a name="43732"><span class="ref">[43732] IIª-IIae q. 112 a. 2 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1428 ergo dicendum quod ille qui se iactat ad hoc quod iurgia concitet,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1429 peccat mortaliter. Sed quandoque contingit quod iactantia est causa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1430 iurgiorum non per se, sed per accidens. Unde ex hoc iactantia non
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1431 est peccatum mortale.</p><p title="II-II q. 112 a. 2 ad 2"><a name="43733"><span class="ref">[43733] IIª-IIae q. 112 a. 2 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1432 dicendum quod Glossa illa loquitur de iactantia secundum quod
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1433 procedit ex superbia prohibita, quae est peccatum mortale.</p><p title="II-II q. 112 a. 2 ad 3"><a name="43734"><span class="ref">[43734] IIª-IIae q. 112 a. 2 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1434 dicendum quod non semper iactantia importat mendacium perniciosum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1435 sed solum quando est contra caritatem Dei aut proximi, aut secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1436 se aut secundum causam suam. Quod autem aliquis se iactet quasi hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1437 ipso delectatus, est quiddam vanum, ut philosophus dicit. Unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1438 reducitur ad mendacium iocosum, nisi forte hoc divinae dilectioni
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1439 praeferret, ut propter hoc Dei praecepta contemneret; sic enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1440 esset contra caritatem Dei, in quo solo mens nostra debet quiescere
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1441 sicut in ultimo fine. Videtur autem ad mendacium officiosum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1442 pertinere cum aliquis ad hoc se iactat ut gloriam vel lucrum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1443 acquirat, dummodo hoc sit sine damno aliorum; quia hoc iam
59 03759e5c1080 fix multi-para s.c. ht parents: 53 diff changeset	1444 pertineret ad mendacium perniciosum.</p></div></div><div id="q113" class="q"><h2>Quaestio 113</h2><div class="p"><h3>Prooemium</h3><p title="II-II q. 113 pr."><a name="43735"><span class="ref">[43735] IIª-IIae q. 113 pr.</span></a> Deinde
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1445 considerandum est de ironia. Circa quam quaeruntur duo. Primo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1446 utrum ironia sit peccatum. Secundo, de comparatione eius ad
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1447 iactantiam.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 1</h3><p title="II-II q. 113 a. 1 arg. 1"><a name="43736"><span class="ref">[43736] IIª-IIae q. 113 a. 1 arg. 1</span></a> Ad primum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1448 sic proceditur. Videtur quod ironia, per quam aliquis minora de se
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1449 fingit, non sit peccatum. Nullum enim peccatum procedit ex divina
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1450 confortatione. Ex qua procedit quod aliquis de se minora dicat,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1451 secundum illud Prov. XXX, <i>visio quam locutus est vir cum quo est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1452 Deus, et qui, Deo secum morante confortatus, ait, stultissimus sum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1453 virorum</i>. Et Amos VII dicitur, <i>respondit Amos, non sum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1454 propheta</i>. Ergo ironia, per quam aliquis minora de se dicit, non
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1455 est peccatum.</p><p title="II-II q. 113 a. 1 arg. 2"><a name="43737"><span class="ref">[43737] IIª-IIae q. 113 a. 1 arg. 2</span></a>
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1456 Praeterea, Gregorius dicit, in epistola ad Augustinum Anglorum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1457 episcopum, <i>bonarum mentium est ibi suas culpas agnoscere ubi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1458 culpa non est</i>. Sed omne peccatum repugnat bonitati mentis. Ergo
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1459 ironia non est peccatum.</p><p title="II-II q. 113 a. 1 arg. 3"><a name="43738"><span class="ref">[43738] IIª-IIae q. 113 a. 1 arg. 3</span></a>
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1460 Praeterea, fugere superbiam non est peccatum. <i>Sed aliqui minora
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1461 de seipsis dicunt fugientes tumidum</i>, ut philosophus dicit, IV
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1462 Ethic. Ergo ironia non est peccatum.</p><p title="II-II q. 113 a. 1 s. c."><a name="43739"><span class="ref">[43739] IIª-IIae q. 113 a. 1 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1463 est quod Augustinus dicit, in libro de verbis Apost., <i>cum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1464 humilitatis causa mentiris, si non eras peccator antequam
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1465 mentireris, mentiendo efficeris</i>.</p><p title="II-II q. 113 a. 1 co."><a name="43740"><span class="ref">[43740] IIª-IIae q. 113 a. 1 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1466 dicendum quod hoc quod aliqui minora de se dicant, potest
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1467 contingere dupliciter. Uno modo, salva veritate, dum scilicet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1468 maiora quae sunt in seipsis, reticent; quaedam vero minora detegunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1469 et de se proferunt, quae tamen in se esse recognoscunt. Et sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1470 minora de se dicere non pertinet ad ironiam, nec est peccatum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1471 secundum genus suum, nisi per alicuius circumstantiae corruptionem.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1472 Alio modo aliquis dicit minora a veritate declinans, puta cum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1473 asserit de se aliquid vile quod in se non recognoscit; aut cum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1474 negat de se aliquid magnum quod tamen percipit in seipso esse. Et
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1475 sic pertinet ad ironiam, et est semper peccatum.</p><p title="II-II q. 113 a. 1 ad 1"><a name="43741"><span class="ref">[43741] IIª-IIae q. 113 a. 1 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1476 ergo dicendum quod duplex est sapientia, et duplex stultitia. Est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1477 enim quaedam sapientia secundum Deum, quae humanam vel mundanam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1478 stultitiam habet adiunctam, secundum illud I ad Cor. III, <i>si
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1479 quis inter vos sapiens videtur esse in hoc saeculo, stultus fiat,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1480 ut sit sapiens</i>. Alia vero est sapientia mundana, quae, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1481 ibidem subditur. Stultitia est apud Deum. Ille ergo qui a Deo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1482 confortatur. Confitetur se esse stultissimum secundum reputationem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1483 humanam, quia scilicet mundana contemnit, quae hominum sapientia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1484 quaerit. Unde et ibidem subditur, et sapientia hominum non est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1485 mecum, et postea subdit, et novi sanctorum scientiam. Vel potest
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1486 dici sapientia hominum esse quae humana ratione acquiritur,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1487 sapientia vero sanctorum quae ex divina inspiratione habetur. Amos
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1488 autem negavit se esse prophetam origine, quia scilicet non erat de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1489 genere prophetarum. Unde et ibidem subdit, nec filius
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1490 prophetae.</p><p title="II-II q. 113 a. 1 ad 2"><a name="43742"><span class="ref">[43742] IIª-IIae q. 113 a. 1 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1491 dicendum quod ad bonitatem mentis pertinet ut homo ad iustitiae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1492 perfectionem tendat. Et ideo in culpam reputat non solum si
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1493 deficiat a communi iustitia, quod vere culpa est, sed etiam si
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1494 deficiat a iustitiae perfectione, quod quandoque culpa non est. Non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1495 autem culpam dicit quod pro culpa non recognoscit, quod ad ironiae
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1496 mendacium pertineret.</p><p title="II-II q. 113 a. 1 ad 3"><a name="43743"><span class="ref">[43743] IIª-IIae q. 113 a. 1 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1497 dicendum quod homo non debet unum peccatum facere ut aliud vitet.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1498 Et ideo non debet mentiri qualitercumque ut vitet superbiam. Unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1499 Augustinus dicit, super Ioan., <i>non ita caveatur arrogantia ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1500 veritas relinquatur</i>. Et Gregorius dicit quod <i>incaute sunt
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1501 humiles qui se mentiendo illaqueant</i>.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 2</h3><p title="II-II q. 113 a. 2 arg. 1"><a name="43744"><span class="ref">[43744] IIª-IIae q. 113 a. 2 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1502 secundum sic proceditur. Videtur quod ironia non sit minus peccatum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1503 quam iactantia. Utrumque enim est peccatum inquantum declinat a
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1504 veritate, quae est aequalitas quaedam. Sed ab aequalitate non magis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1505 declinat qui excedit quam qui diminuit. Ergo ironia non est minus
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1506 peccatum quam iactantia.</p><p title="II-II q. 113 a. 2 arg. 2"><a name="43745"><span class="ref">[43745] IIª-IIae q. 113 a. 2 arg. 2</span></a>
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1507 Praeterea, secundum philosophum, ironia quandoque iactantia est.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1508 Iactantia autem non est ironia. Ergo ironia est gravius peccatum
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1509 quam iactantia.</p><p title="II-II q. 113 a. 2 arg. 3"><a name="43746"><span class="ref">[43746] IIª-IIae q. 113 a. 2 arg. 3</span></a>
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1510 Praeterea, Prov. XXVI dicitur, <i>quando submiserit vocem suam, ne
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1511 credideris ei, quoniam septem nequitiae sunt in corde illius</i>.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1512 Sed submittere vocem pertinet ad ironiam. Ergo in ea est multiplex
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1513 nequitia.</p><p title="II-II q. 113 a. 2 s. c."><a name="43747"><span class="ref">[43747] IIª-IIae q. 113 a. 2 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1514 est quod philosophus dicit, in IV Ethic., quod <i>irones et minus
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1515 dicentes gratiores secundum mores videntur</i>.</p><p title="II-II q. 113 a. 2 co."><a name="43748"><span class="ref">[43748] IIª-IIae q. 113 a. 2 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1516 dicendum quod, sicut supra dictum est, unum mendacium est gravius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1517 altero, quandoque quidem ex materia de qua est, sicut mendacium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1518 quod fit in doctrina religionis est gravissimum, quandoque autem ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1519 motivo ad peccandum, sicut mendacium perniciosum est gravius quam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1520 officiosum vel iocosum. Ironia autem et iactantia circa idem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1521 mentiuntur, vel verbis vel quibuscumque exterioribus signis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1522 scilicet circa conditionem personae. Unde quantum ad hoc aequalia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1523 sunt. Sed ut plurimum iactantia ex turpiori motivo procedit,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1524 scilicet ex appetitu lucri vel honoris, ironia vero ex hoc quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1525 fugit, licet inordinate, per elationem aliis gravis esse. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1526 secundum hoc philosophus dicit quod iactantia est gravius peccatum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1527 quam ironia. Contingit tamen quandoque quod aliquis minora de se
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1528 fingit ex aliquo alio motivo, puta ad dolose decipiendum. Et tunc
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1529 ironia est gravior.</p><p title="II-II q. 113 a. 2 ad 1"><a name="43749"><span class="ref">[43749] IIª-IIae q. 113 a. 2 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1530 ergo dicendum quod ratio illa procedit de ironia et iactantia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1531 secundum quod mendacii gravitas consideratur ex seipso, vel ex
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1532 materia eius. Sic enim dictum est quod aequalitatem habent.</p><p title="II-II q. 113 a. 2 ad 2"><a name="43750"><span class="ref">[43750] IIª-IIae q. 113 a. 2 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1533 dicendum quod duplex est excellentia, una quidem in temporalibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1534 rebus; alia vero in spiritualibus. Contingit autem quandoque quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1535 aliquis per exteriora signa vel per verba praetendit quidem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1536 defectum in exterioribus rebus, puta per aliquam vestem abiectam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1537 aut per aliquid huiusmodi, et per hoc ipsum intendit ostentare
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1538 aliquam excellentiam spiritualem, sicut dominus de quibusdam dicit,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1539 Matth. VI, quod <i>exterminant facies suas ut appareant hominibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1540 ieiunantes</i>. Unde isti simul incurrunt vitium ironiae et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1541 iactantiae (tamen secundum diversa), et propter hoc gravius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1542 peccant. Unde et philosophus dicit, in IV Ethic., quod <i>et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1543 superabundantia et valde defectus iactantium est</i>. Propter quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1544 et de Augustino legitur quod neque vestes nimis pretiosas, neque
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1545 nimis abiectas habere volebat, quia in utroque homines suam gloriam
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1546 quaerunt.</p><p title="II-II q. 113 a. 2 ad 3"><a name="43751"><span class="ref">[43751] IIª-IIae q. 113 a. 2 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1547 dicendum quod, sicut dicitur Eccli. XIX, <i>est qui nequiter se
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1548 humiliat, et interiora eius plena sunt dolo</i>. Et secundum hoc,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1549 Salomon loquitur de eo qui ex dolosa humilitate vocem suam
59 03759e5c1080 fix multi-para s.c. ht parents: 53 diff changeset	1550 submittit.</p></div></div><div id="q114" class="q"><h2>Quaestio 114</h2><div class="p"><h3>Prooemium</h3><p title="II-II q. 114 pr."><a name="43752"><span class="ref">[43752] IIª-IIae q. 114 pr.</span></a> Deinde
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1551 considerandum est de amicitia quae affabilitas dicitur; et de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1552 vitiis oppositis, quae sunt adulatio et litigium. Circa amicitiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1553 autem seu affabilitatem quaeruntur duo. Primo, utrum sit specialis
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1554 virtus. Secundo, utrum sit pars iustitiae.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 1</h3><p title="II-II q. 114 a. 1 arg. 1"><a name="43753"><span class="ref">[43753] IIª-IIae q. 114 a. 1 arg. 1</span></a> Ad primum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1555 sic proceditur. Videtur quod amicitia non sit specialis virtus.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1556 Dicit enim philosophus, in VIII Ethic., quod <i>amicitia perfecta
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1557 est quae est propter virtutem</i>. Quaelibet autem virtus est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1558 amicitiae causa, quia bonum omnibus est amabile, ut Dionysius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1559 dicit, IV cap. de Div. Nom. Ergo amicitia non est specialis virtus,
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1560 sed consequens omnem virtutem.</p><p title="II-II q. 114 a. 1 arg. 2"><a name="43754"><span class="ref">[43754] IIª-IIae q. 114 a. 1 arg. 2</span></a>
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1561 Praeterea, philosophus dicit, in IV Ethic., de tali amico, quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1562 <i>non in amando vel inimicando recipit singula ut oportet</i>. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1563 quod aliquis signa amicitiae ostendat ad eos quos non amat, videtur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1564 pertinere ad simulationem, quae repugnat virtuti. Ergo huiusmodi
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1565 amicitia non est virtus.</p><p title="II-II q. 114 a. 1 arg. 3"><a name="43755"><span class="ref">[43755] IIª-IIae q. 114 a. 1 arg. 3</span></a>
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1566 Praeterea, virtus in medietate constituitur prout sapiens
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1567 determinabit, sicut dicitur in II Ethic. Sed Eccle. VII dicitur,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1568 <i>cor sapientum ubi tristitia, et cor stultorum ubi laetitia</i>,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1569 unde ad virtuosum pertinet maxime a delectatione sibi cavere, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1570 dicitur II Ethic. <i>Haec autem amicitia per se quidem desiderat
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1571 condelectare, contristare autem reveretur</i>, ut philosophus
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1572 dicit, in IV Ethic. Ergo huiusmodi amicitia non est virtus.</p><p title="II-II q. 114 a. 1 s. c."><a name="43756"><span class="ref">[43756] IIª-IIae q. 114 a. 1 s. c.</span></a> Sed
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1573 contra, praecepta legis dantur de actibus virtutum. Sed Eccli. IV
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1574 dicitur, <i>congregationi pauperum affabilem te facito</i>. Ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1575 affabilitas, quae hic amicitia dicitur, est quaedam specialis
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1576 virtus.</p><p title="II-II q. 114 a. 1 co."><a name="43757"><span class="ref">[43757] IIª-IIae q. 114 a. 1 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1577 dicendum quod, sicut dictum est, cum virtus ordinetur ad bonum, ubi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1578 occurrit specialis ratio boni, ibi oportet esse specialem rationem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1579 virtutis. Bonum autem in ordine consistit, sicut supra dictum est.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1580 Oportet autem hominem convenienter ad alios homines ordinari in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1581 communi conversatione, tam in factis quam in dictis, ut scilicet ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1582 unumquemque se habeat secundum quod decet. Et ideo oportet esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1583 quandam specialem virtutem quae hanc convenientiam ordinis
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1584 observet. Et haec vocatur amicitia sive affabilitas.</p><p title="II-II q. 114 a. 1 ad 1"><a name="43758"><span class="ref">[43758] IIª-IIae q. 114 a. 1 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1585 ergo dicendum quod philosophus in libro Ethicorum de duplici
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1586 amicitia loquitur. Quarum una consistit principaliter in affectu
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1587 quo unus alium diligit. Et haec potest consequi quamcumque
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1588 virtutem. Quae autem ad hanc amicitiam pertinent, supra de caritate
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1589 dicta sunt. Aliam vero amicitiam ponit quae consistit in solis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1590 exterioribus verbis vel factis. Quae quidem non habet perfectam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1591 rationem amicitiae, sed quandam eius similitudinem, inquantum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1592 scilicet quis decenter se habet ad illos cum quibus
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1593 conversatur.</p><p title="II-II q. 114 a. 1 ad 2"><a name="43759"><span class="ref">[43759] IIª-IIae q. 114 a. 1 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1594 dicendum quod omnis homo naturaliter omni homini est amicus quodam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1595 generali amore, sicut etiam dicitur Eccli. XIII, quod omne animal
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1596 diligit simile sibi. Et hunc amorem repraesentant signa amicitiae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1597 quae quis exterius ostendit in verbis vel factis etiam extraneis et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1598 ignotis. Unde non est ibi simulatio. Non enim ostendit eis signa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1599 perfectae amicitiae, quia non eodem modo se habet familiariter ad
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1600 extraneos sicut ad eos qui sunt sibi speciali amicitia iuncti.</p><p title="II-II q. 114 a. 1 ad 3"><a name="43760"><span class="ref">[43760] IIª-IIae q. 114 a. 1 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1601 dicendum quod cor sapientum dicitur esse ubi tristitia non quidem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1602 ut ipse proximo tristitiam inferat, dicit enim apostolus, <i>si
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1603 propter cibum frater tuus contristatur, iam non secundum caritatem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1604 ambulas</i>, sed ut contristantibus consolationem ferat, secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1605 illud Eccli. VII, <i>non desis plorantibus in consolationem, et cum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1606 lugentibus ambula</i>. Cor autem stultorum est ubi laetitia, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1607 quidem ut ipsi alios laetificent, sed ut ipsi aliorum laetitia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1608 perfruantur. Pertinet ergo ad sapientem ut condelectationem afferat
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1609 his cum quibus conversatur, non quidem lascivam, quam virtus cavet,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1610 sed honestam; secundum illud Psalm., <i>ecce quam bonum et quam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1611 iucundum habitare fratres in unum</i>. Quandoque tamen, propter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1612 aliquod bonum consequens vel propter aliquod malum excludendum, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1613 refugiet virtuosus eos quibus convivit contristare, ut philosophus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1614 dicit, IV Ethic. Unde et apostolus dicit, II ad Cor. VII, <i>si
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1615 contristavi vos in epistola, non me poenitet</i>, et postea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1616 <i>gaudeo, non quia contristati estis, sed quia contristati estis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1617 ad poenitentiam</i>. Et ideo his qui sunt proni ad peccandum non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1618 debemus hilarem vultum ostendere ad eos delectandum, ne videamur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1619 eorum peccato consentire et quodammodo peccandi audaciam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1620 ministrare. Unde dicitur Eccli. VII, <i>filiae tibi sunt, serva
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1621 corpus illarum, et non ostendas hilarem faciem tuam ad
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1622 illas</i>.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 2</h3><p title="II-II q. 114 a. 2 arg. 1"><a name="43761"><span class="ref">[43761] IIª-IIae q. 114 a. 2 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1623 secundum sic proceditur. Videtur quod huiusmodi amicitia non sit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1624 pars iustitiae. Ad iustitiam enim pertinet reddere debitum alteri.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1625 Sed hoc non pertinet ad hanc virtutem, sed solum delectabiliter
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1626 aliis convivere. Ergo huiusmodi virtus non est pars iustitiae.</p><p title="II-II q. 114 a. 2 arg. 2"><a name="43762"><span class="ref">[43762] IIª-IIae q. 114 a. 2 arg. 2</span></a>
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1627 Praeterea, secundum philosophum, in IV Ethic., <i>huiusmodi virtus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1628 consistit circa delectationem vel tristitiam quae est in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1629 convictu</i>. Sed moderari maximas delectationes pertinet ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1630 temperantiam, ut supra habitum est. Ergo haec virtus magis est pars
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1631 temperantiae quam iustitiae.</p><p title="II-II q. 114 a. 2 arg. 3"><a name="43763"><span class="ref">[43763] IIª-IIae q. 114 a. 2 arg. 3</span></a>
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1632 Praeterea, aequalia inaequalibus exhibere contra iustitiam est, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1633 supra habitum est. Sed sicut philosophus dicit, in IV Ethic.,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1634 <i>haec virtus similiter ad ignotos et notos, et consuetos et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1635 inconsuetos operatur</i>. Ergo haec virtus non est pars iustitiae,
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1636 sed magis ei contrariatur.</p><p title="II-II q. 114 a. 2 s. c."><a name="43764"><span class="ref">[43764] IIª-IIae q. 114 a. 2 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1637 est quod Macrobius ponit amicitiam partem iustitiae.</p><p title="II-II q. 114 a. 2 co."><a name="43765"><span class="ref">[43765] IIª-IIae q. 114 a. 2 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1638 dicendum quod haec virtus est pars iustitiae, inquantum adiungitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1639 ei sicut principali virtuti. Convenit enim cum iustitia in hoc quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1640 ad alterum est, sicut et iustitia. Deficit autem a ratione
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1641 iustitiae, quia non habet plenam debiti rationem, prout aliquis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1642 alteri obligatur vel debito legali, ad cuius solutionem lex cogit,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1643 vel etiam aliquo debito proveniente ex aliquo beneficio suscepto,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1644 sed solum attendit quoddam debitum honestatis, quod magis est ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1645 parte ipsius virtuosi quam ex parte alterius, ut scilicet faciat
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1646 alteri quod decet eum facere.</p><p title="II-II q. 114 a. 2 ad 1"><a name="43766"><span class="ref">[43766] IIª-IIae q. 114 a. 2 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1647 ergo dicendum quod, sicut supra dictum est, quia homo naturaliter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1648 est animal sociale, debet ex quadam honestate veritatis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1649 manifestationem aliis hominibus, sine qua societas hominum durare
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1650 non posset. Sicut autem non posset vivere homo in societate sine
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1651 veritate, ita nec sine delectatione, quia sicut philosophus dicit,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1652 in VIII Ethic., <i>nullus potest per diem morari cum tristi, neque
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1653 cum non delectabili</i>. Et ideo homo tenetur ex quodam debito
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1654 naturali honestatis ut homo aliis delectabiliter convivat, nisi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1655 propter aliquam causam necesse sit aliquando alios utiliter
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1656 contristare.</p><p title="II-II q. 114 a. 2 ad 2"><a name="43767"><span class="ref">[43767] IIª-IIae q. 114 a. 2 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1657 dicendum quod ad temperantiam pertinet refrenare delectationes
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1658 sensibiles. Sed haec virtus consistit circa delectationes in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1659 convictu, quae ex ratione proveniunt, inquantum unus ad alterum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1660 decenter se habet. Et has delectationes non oportet refrenare
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1661 tanquam noxias.</p><p title="II-II q. 114 a. 2 ad 3"><a name="43768"><span class="ref">[43768] IIª-IIae q. 114 a. 2 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1662 dicendum quod verbum illud philosophi non est intelligendum quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1663 aliquis eodem modo debeat colloqui et convivere notis et ignotis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1664 quia, ut ipse ibidem subdit, <i>non similiter convenit consuetos et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1665 extraneos curare aut contristare</i>. Sed in hoc attenditur
59 03759e5c1080 fix multi-para s.c. ht parents: 53 diff changeset	1666 similitudo, quod ad omnes oportet facere quod decet.</p></div></div><div id="q115" class="q"><h2>Quaestio 115</h2><div class="p"><h3>Prooemium</h3><p title="II-II q. 115 pr."><a name="43769"><span class="ref">[43769] IIª-IIae q. 115 pr.</span></a> Deinde
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1667 considerandum est de vitiis oppositis praedictae virtuti. Et primo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1668 de adulatione; secundo, de litigio. Circa adulationem quaeruntur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1669 duo. Primo, utrum adulatio sit peccatum. Secundo, utrum sit
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1670 peccatum mortale.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 1</h3><p title="II-II q. 115 a. 1 arg. 1"><a name="43770"><span class="ref">[43770] IIª-IIae q. 115 a. 1 arg. 1</span></a> Ad primum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1671 sic proceditur. Videtur quod adulatio non sit peccatum. Adulatio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1672 enim consistit in quodam sermone laudis alteri exhibito intentione
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1673 placendi. Sed laudare aliquem non est malum, secundum illud Prov.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1674 ult., <i>surrexerunt filii eius et beatissimam praedicaverunt, vir
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1675 eius, et laudavit eam</i>. Similiter etiam velle placere aliis non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1676 est malum, secundum illud I ad Cor. X, <i>per omnia omnibus
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1677 placeo</i>. Ergo adulatio non est peccatum.</p><p title="II-II q. 115 a. 1 arg. 2"><a name="43771"><span class="ref">[43771] IIª-IIae q. 115 a. 1 arg. 2</span></a>
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1678 Praeterea, bono malum est contrarium, et similiter vituperium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1679 laudi. Sed vituperare malum non est peccatum. Ergo neque laudare
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1680 bonum, quod videtur ad adulationem pertinere. Ergo adulatio non est
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1681 peccatum.</p><p title="II-II q. 115 a. 1 arg. 3"><a name="43772"><span class="ref">[43772] IIª-IIae q. 115 a. 1 arg. 3</span></a>
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1682 Praeterea, adulationi detractio contrariatur. Unde Gregorius dicit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1683 quod remedium contra adulationem est detractio. <i>Sciendum est,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1684 inquit, quod ne immoderatis laudibus elevemur, plerumque nostri
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1685 rectoris moderamine detractionibus lacerari permittimur, ut quos
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1686 vox laudantis elevat, lingua detrahentis humiliet</i>. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1687 detractio est malum, ut supra habitum est. Ergo adulatio est
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1688 bonum.</p><p title="II-II q. 115 a. 1 s. c."><a name="43773"><span class="ref">[43773] IIª-IIae q. 115 a. 1 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1689 est quod super illud Ezech. XIII, <i>vae, qui consuunt pulvillos
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1690 sub omni cubito manus</i>, dicit Glossa, idest, suavem adulationem.
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1691 Ergo adulatio est peccatum.</p><p title="II-II q. 115 a. 1 co."><a name="43774"><span class="ref">[43774] IIª-IIae q. 115 a. 1 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1692 dicendum quod, sicut supra dictum est, amicitia praedicta, vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1693 affabilitas, etsi principaliter delectare intendat eos quibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1694 convivit, tamen, ubi necesse est propter aliquod bonum exequendum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1695 vel malum vitandum, non veretur contristare. Si ergo aliquis in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1696 omnibus velit ad delectationem alteri loqui, excedit modum in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1697 delectando, et ideo peccat per excessum. Et si quidem hoc faciat
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1698 sola intentione delectandi, vocatur placidus, secundum philosophum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1699 si autem hoc faciat intentione alicuius lucri consequendi, vocatur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1700 blanditor sive adulator. Communiter tamen nomen adulationis solet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1701 attribui omnibus qui supra debitum modum virtutis volunt alios
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1702 verbis vel factis delectare in communi conversatione.</p><p title="II-II q. 115 a. 1 ad 1"><a name="43775"><span class="ref">[43775] IIª-IIae q. 115 a. 1 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1703 ergo dicendum quod laudare aliquem contingit et bene et male, prout
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1704 scilicet debitae circumstantiae vel servantur vel praetermittuntur.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1705 Si enim aliquis aliquem velit delectare laudando ut ex hoc eum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1706 consoletur ne in tribulationibus deficiat, vel etiam ut in bono
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1707 proficere studeat, aliis debitis circumstantiis observatis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1708 pertinebit hoc ad praedictam virtutem amicitiae. Pertinet autem ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1709 adulationem si aliquis velit aliquem laudare in quibus non est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1710 laudandus, quia forte mala sunt, secundum illud, <i>laudatur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1711 peccator in desideriis animae suae</i>; vel quia non sunt certa,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1712 secundum illud Eccli. XXVII, <i>ante sermonem ne laudes virum</i>,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1713 et iterum Eccli. XI, <i>non laudes virum in specie sua</i>; vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1714 etiam si timeri possit ne humana laude ad inanem gloriam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1715 provocetur, unde dicitur Eccli. XI, <i>ante mortem ne laudes
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1716 hominem</i>. Similiter etiam velle placere hominibus propter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1717 caritatem nutriendam, et ut in eis homo spiritualiter proficere
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1718 possit, laudabile est. Quod autem aliquis velit placere hominibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1719 propter inanem gloriam vel propter lucrum, vel etiam in malis, hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1720 esset peccatum, secundum illud Psalm., <i>Deus dissipavit ossa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1721 eorum qui hominibus placent</i>. Et apostolus dicit, ad Galat. I,
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1722 <i>si adhuc hominibus placerem, Christi servus non essem</i>.</p><p title="II-II q. 115 a. 1 ad 2"><a name="43776"><span class="ref">[43776] IIª-IIae q. 115 a. 1 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1723 dicendum quod etiam vituperare malum, si non adhibeantur debitae
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1724 circumstantiae, est vitiosum. Et similiter laudare bonum.</p><p title="II-II q. 115 a. 1 ad 3"><a name="43777"><span class="ref">[43777] IIª-IIae q. 115 a. 1 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1725 dicendum quod nihil prohibet duo vitia esse contraria. Et ideo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1726 sicut detractio est malum, ita et adulatio. Quae ei contrariatur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1727 quantum ad ea quae dicuntur, non autem directe quantum ad finem,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1728 quia adulator quaerit delectationem eius cui adulatur; detractor
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1729 autem non quaerit eius contristationem, cum aliquando occulte
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1730 detrahat, sed magis quaerit eius infamiam.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 2</h3><p title="II-II q. 115 a. 2 arg. 1"><a name="43778"><span class="ref">[43778] IIª-IIae q. 115 a. 2 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1731 secundum sic proceditur. Videtur quod adulatio sit peccatum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1732 mortale. Quia secundum Augustinum, in Enchirid., malum dicitur quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1733 nocet. Sed adulatio maxime nocet, secundum illud Psalm., <i>quoniam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1734 laudatur peccator in desideriis animae suae, et iniquus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1735 benedicitur, exacerbavit dominum peccator</i>. Et Hieronymus dicit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1736 quod nihil est quod tam facile corrumpat mentes hominum quam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1737 adulatio. Et super illud Psalm., <i>convertantur statim
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1738 erubescentes</i>, dicit Glossa, <i>plus nocet lingua adulatoris
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1739 quam gladius persecutoris</i>. Ergo adulatio est gravissimum
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1740 peccatum.</p><p title="II-II q. 115 a. 2 arg. 2"><a name="43779"><span class="ref">[43779] IIª-IIae q. 115 a. 2 arg. 2</span></a>
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1741 Praeterea, quicumque verbis alii nocet, non minus nocet sibi quam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1742 aliis, unde dicitur in Psalm., gladius eorum intret in corda
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1743 ipsorum. Sed ille qui alteri adulatur, inducit eum ad peccandum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1744 mortaliter, unde super illud Psalm., oleum peccatoris non impinguet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1745 caput meum, dicit Glossa, <i>falsa laus adulatoris mentes a rigore
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1746 veritatis emollit ad noxia</i>. Ergo multo magis adulator in se
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1747 mortaliter peccat.</p><p title="II-II q. 115 a. 2 arg. 3"><a name="43780"><span class="ref">[43780] IIª-IIae q. 115 a. 2 arg. 3</span></a>
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1748 Praeterea, in decretis scribitur, dist. XLVI, <i>clericus qui
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1749 adulationibus et proditionibus vacare deprehenditur, degradetur ab
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1750 officio</i>. Sed talis poena non infligitur nisi pro peccato
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1751 mortali. Ergo adulatio est peccatum mortale.</p><p title="II-II q. 115 a. 2 s. c."><a name="43781"><span class="ref">[43781] IIª-IIae q. 115 a. 2 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1752 est quod Augustinus, in Serm. de Purgat., inter peccata minuta
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1753 numerat, si quis cuiquam maiori personae, <i>aut ex voluntate aut
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1754 ex necessitate, adulari voluerit</i>.</p><p title="II-II q. 115 a. 2 co."><a name="43782"><span class="ref">[43782] IIª-IIae q. 115 a. 2 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1755 dicendum quod, sicut supra dictum est, peccatum mortale est quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1756 contrariatur caritati. Adulatio autem quandoque quidem caritati
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1757 contrariatur, quandoque autem non. Contrariatur siquidem caritati
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1758 tripliciter. Uno modo, ratione ipsius materiae, puta cum aliquis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1759 laudat alicuius peccatum. Hoc enim contrariatur dilectioni Dei,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1760 contra cuius iustitiam homo loquitur, et contra dilectionem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1761 proximi, quem in peccato fovet. Unde est peccatum mortale, secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1762 illud Isaiae V, <i>vae, qui dicunt malum bonum</i>. Alio modo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1763 ratione intentionis, puta cum aliquis adulatur alicui ad hoc quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1764 fraudulenter ei noceat, vel corporaliter vel spiritualiter. Et hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1765 etiam est peccatum mortale. Et de hoc habetur Prov. XXVII,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1766 <i>meliora sunt vulnera diligentis quam fraudulenta odientis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1767 oscula</i>. Tertio modo, per occasionem, sicut cum laus adulatoris
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1768 fit alteri occasio peccandi, et praeter adulatoris intentionem. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1769 in hoc considerare oportet utrum sit occasio data vel accepta, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1770 qualis ruina subsequatur, sicut potest patere ex his quae supra de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1771 scandalo dicta sunt. Si autem aliquis ex sola aviditate delectandi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1772 alios, vel etiam ad evitandum aliquod malum vel consequendum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1773 aliquid in necessitate, alicui adulatus fuerit, non est contra
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1774 caritatem. Unde non est peccatum mortale, sed veniale.</p><p title="II-II q. 115 a. 2 ad 1"><a name="43783"><span class="ref">[43783] IIª-IIae q. 115 a. 2 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1775 ergo dicendum quod auctoritates illae loquuntur de adulatore qui
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1776 laudat peccatum alicuius. Talis enim adulatio dicitur plus nocere
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1777 quam gladius persecutoris, quia in potioribus bonis nocet, scilicet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1778 in spiritualibus. Non enim nocet ita efficaciter, quia gladius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1779 persecutoris effective occidit, quasi sufficiens causa mortis;
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1780 nullus autem potest esse alteri sufficiens causa peccandi, ut ex
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1781 supra dictis patet.</p><p title="II-II q. 115 a. 2 ad 2"><a name="43784"><span class="ref">[43784] IIª-IIae q. 115 a. 2 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1782 dicendum quod ratio illa procedit de eo qui adulatur intentione
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1783 nocendi. Ille enim plus nocet sibi quam aliis, quia sibi nocet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1784 tanquam sufficiens causa peccandi, aliis autem occasionaliter
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1785 tantum.</p><p title="II-II q. 115 a. 2 ad 3"><a name="43785"><span class="ref">[43785] IIª-IIae q. 115 a. 2 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1786 dicendum quod auctoritas illa loquitur de eo qui proditorie alteri
59 03759e5c1080 fix multi-para s.c. ht parents: 53 diff changeset	1787 adulatur ut eum decipiat.</p></div></div><div id="q116" class="q"><h2>Quaestio 116</h2><div class="p"><h3>Prooemium</h3><p title="II-II q. 116 pr."><a name="43786"><span class="ref">[43786] IIª-IIae q. 116 pr.</span></a> Deinde
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1788 considerandum est de litigio. Et circa hoc quaeruntur duo. Primo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1789 utrum opponatur virtuti amicitiae. Secundo, de comparatione eius ad
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1790 adulationem.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 1</h3><p title="II-II q. 116 a. 1 arg. 1"><a name="43787"><span class="ref">[43787] IIª-IIae q. 116 a. 1 arg. 1</span></a> Ad primum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1791 sic proceditur. Videtur quod litigium non opponatur virtuti
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1792 amicitiae vel affabilitatis. Litigium enim ad discordiam pertinere
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1793 videtur, sicut et contentio. Sed discordia opponitur caritati,
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1794 sicut dictum est. Ergo et litigium.</p><p title="II-II q. 116 a. 1 arg. 2"><a name="43788"><span class="ref">[43788] IIª-IIae q. 116 a. 1 arg. 2</span></a>
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1795 Praeterea, Prov. XXVI dicitur, <i>homo iracundus incendit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1796 litem</i>. Sed iracundia opponitur mansuetudini. Ergo et lis, sive
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1797 litigium.</p><p title="II-II q. 116 a. 1 arg. 3"><a name="43789"><span class="ref">[43789] IIª-IIae q. 116 a. 1 arg. 3</span></a>
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1798 Praeterea, Iac. IV dicitur, <i>unde bella et lites in vobis? Nonne
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1799 ex concupiscentiis vestris, quae militant in membris vestris?</i>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1800 Sed sequi concupiscentias videtur opponi temperantiae. Ergo videtur
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1801 quod litigium non opponatur amicitiae, sed temperantiae.</p><p title="II-II q. 116 a. 1 s. c."><a name="43790"><span class="ref">[43790] IIª-IIae q. 116 a. 1 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1802 est quod philosophus, in IV Ethic., litigium opponit amicitiae.</p><p title="II-II q. 116 a. 1 co."><a name="43791"><span class="ref">[43791] IIª-IIae q. 116 a. 1 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1803 dicendum quod proprie litigium in verbis consistit, cum scilicet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1804 unus verbis alterius contradicit. In qua quidem contradictione duo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1805 possunt attendi. Quandoque enim contingit contradictio propter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1806 personam dicentis cui contradicens consentire recusat propter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1807 defectum amoris animos unientis. Et hoc videtur ad discordiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1808 pertinere, caritati contrariam. Quandoque vero contradictio oritur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1809 ratione personae quam aliquis contristare non veretur. Et sic fit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1810 litigium, quod praedictae amicitiae vel affabilitati opponitur, ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1811 quam pertinet delectabiliter aliis convivere. Unde philosophus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1812 dicit, in IV Ethic., quod <i>illi qui ad omnia contrariantur causa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1813 eius quod est contristare, neque quodcumque curantes, discoli et
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1814 litigiosi vocantur</i>.</p><p title="II-II q. 116 a. 1 ad 1"><a name="43792"><span class="ref">[43792] IIª-IIae q. 116 a. 1 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1815 ergo dicendum quod contentio magis proprie pertinet ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1816 contradictionem discordiae, litigium autem ad contradictionem quae
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1817 fit intentione contristandi.</p><p title="II-II q. 116 a. 1 ad 2"><a name="43793"><span class="ref">[43793] IIª-IIae q. 116 a. 1 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1818 dicendum quod directa oppositio vitiorum ad virtutes non attenditur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1819 secundum causas, cum contingat unum vitium ex diversis causis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1820 oriri, sed attenditur secundum speciem actus. Licet autem quandoque
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1821 litigium ex ira oriatur, potest tamen ex multis aliis causis oriri.
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1822 Unde non oportet quod directe opponatur mansuetudini.</p><p title="II-II q. 116 a. 1 ad 3"><a name="43794"><span class="ref">[43794] IIª-IIae q. 116 a. 1 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1823 dicendum quod Iacobus loquitur ibi de concupiscentia secundum quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1824 est generale malum, ex quo omnia vitia oriuntur, prout dicit Glossa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1825 Rom. VII, <i>bona est lex, quae, dum concupiscentiam prohibet, omne
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1826 malum prohibet</i>.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 2</h3><p title="II-II q. 116 a. 2 arg. 1"><a name="43795"><span class="ref">[43795] IIª-IIae q. 116 a. 2 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1827 secundum sic proceditur. Videtur quod litigium sit minus peccatum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1828 quam contrarium vitium, scilicet placiditatis vel adulationis.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1829 Quanto enim aliquod peccatum plus nocet, tanto peius esse videtur.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1830 Sed adulatio plus nocet quam litigium, dicitur enim Isaiae III,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1831 <i>popule meus, qui beatum te dicunt, ipsi te decipiunt, et viam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1832 gressuum tuorum dissipant</i>. Ergo adulatio est gravius peccatum
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1833 quam litigium.</p><p title="II-II q. 116 a. 2 arg. 2"><a name="43796"><span class="ref">[43796] IIª-IIae q. 116 a. 2 arg. 2</span></a>
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1834 Praeterea, in adulatione videtur esse quaedam dolositas, quia aliud
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1835 adulator dicit ore, aliud habet in corde. Litigiosus autem caret
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1836 dolo, quia manifeste contradicit. Ille autem qui cum dolo peccat,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1837 turpior est, ut philosophus dicit, in VII Ethic. Ergo gravius
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1838 peccatum est adulatio quam litigium.</p><p title="II-II q. 116 a. 2 arg. 3"><a name="43797"><span class="ref">[43797] IIª-IIae q. 116 a. 2 arg. 3</span></a>
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1839 Praeterea, verecundia est timor de turpi, ut patet per philosophum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1840 in IV Ethic. Sed magis verecundatur homo esse adulator quam
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1841 litigiosus. Ergo litigium est minus peccatum quam adulatio.</p><p title="II-II q. 116 a. 2 s. c."><a name="43798"><span class="ref">[43798] IIª-IIae q. 116 a. 2 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1842 est quod tanto aliquod peccatum videtur esse gravius quanto
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1843 spirituali statui magis repugnat. Sed litigium magis repugnare
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1844 videtur spirituali, dicitur enim I ad Tim. III, quod <i>oportet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1845 episcopum non litigiosum esse</i>; et II ad Tim. II, <i>servum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1846 domini non oportet litigare</i>. Ergo litigium videtur esse gravius
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1847 peccatum.</p><p title="II-II q. 116 a. 2 co."><a name="43799"><span class="ref">[43799] IIª-IIae q. 116 a. 2 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1848 dicendum quod de utroque istorum peccatorum loqui possumus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1849 dupliciter. Uno modo, considerando speciem utriusque peccati. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1850 secundum hoc, tanto aliquod vitium est gravius quanto magis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1851 repugnat oppositae virtuti. Virtus autem amicitiae principalius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1852 tendit ad delectandum quam ad contristandum. Et ideo litigiosus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1853 qui superabundat in contristando, gravius peccat quam placidus vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1854 adulator, qui superabundat in delectando. Alio modo possunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1855 considerari secundum aliqua exteriora motiva. Et secundum hoc,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1856 quandoque adulatio est gravior, puta quando intendit per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1857 deceptionem indebite honorem vel lucrum acquirere. Quandoque vero
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1858 litigium est gravius, puta quando homo intendit vel veritatem
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1859 impugnare, vel dicentem in contemptum adducere.</p><p title="II-II q. 116 a. 2 ad 1"><a name="43800"><span class="ref">[43800] IIª-IIae q. 116 a. 2 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1860 ergo dicendum quod sicut adulator potest nocere occulte decipiendo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1861 ita litigiosus potest interdum nocere manifeste impugnando. Gravius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1862 autem est, ceteris paribus, manifeste alicui nocere, quasi per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1863 violentiam, quam occulte, unde rapina est gravius peccatum quam
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1864 furtum, ut supra dictum est.</p><p title="II-II q. 116 a. 2 ad 2"><a name="43801"><span class="ref">[43801] IIª-IIae q. 116 a. 2 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1865 dicendum quod non semper in actibus humanis illud est gravius quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1866 est turpius. Decor enim hominis est ex ratione, et ideo turpiora
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1867 sunt peccata carnalia, quibus caro dominatur rationi, quamvis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1868 peccata spiritualia sint graviora, quia procedunt ex maiori
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1869 contemptu. Et similiter peccata quae fiunt ex dolo sunt turpiora,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1870 inquantum videntur ex quadam infirmitate procedere, et ex quadam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1871 falsitate rationis, cum tamen peccata manifesta quandoque sint ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1872 maiori contemptu. Et ideo adulatio, quasi cum dolo existens videtur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1873 esse turpior, sed litigium, quasi ex maiori contemptu procedens,
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1874 videtur esse gravius.</p><p title="II-II q. 116 a. 2 ad 3"><a name="43802"><span class="ref">[43802] IIª-IIae q. 116 a. 2 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1875 dicendum quod, sicut dictum est, verecundia respicit turpitudinem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1876 peccati. Unde non semper magis verecundatur homo de graviori
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1877 peccato, sed de magis turpi peccato. Et inde est quod magis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1878 verecundatur homo de adulatione quam de litigio, quamvis litigium
59 03759e5c1080 fix multi-para s.c. ht parents: 53 diff changeset	1879 sit gravius.</p></div></div><div id="q117" class="q"><h2>Quaestio 117</h2><div class="p"><h3>Prooemium</h3><p title="II-II q. 117 pr."><a name="43803"><span class="ref">[43803] IIª-IIae q. 117 pr.</span></a> Deinde
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1880 considerandum est de liberalitate, et vitiis oppositis, scilicet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1881 avaritia et prodigalitate. Circa liberalitatem quaeruntur sex.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1882 Primo, utrum liberalitas sit virtus. Secundo, quae sit materia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1883 eius. Tertio, de actu ipsius. Quarto, utrum magis ad eum pertineat
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1884 dare quam recipere. Quinto, utrum liberalitas sit pars iustitiae.
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1885 Sexto, de comparatione eius ad alias virtutes.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 1</h3><p title="II-II q. 117 a. 1 arg. 1"><a name="43804"><span class="ref">[43804] IIª-IIae q. 117 a. 1 arg. 1</span></a> Ad primum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1886 sic proceditur. Videtur quod liberalitas non sit virtus. Nulla enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1887 virtus contrariatur inclinationi naturali. Inclinatio autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1888 naturalis est ad hoc ut aliquis plus sibi quam aliis provideat.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1889 Cuius contrarium pertinet ad liberalem, quia, ut philosophus dicit,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1890 in IV Ethic., <i>liberalis est non respicere ad seipsum, ita quod
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1891 sibi minora derelinquit</i>. Ergo liberalitas non est virtus.</p><p title="II-II q. 117 a. 1 arg. 2"><a name="43805"><span class="ref">[43805] IIª-IIae q. 117 a. 1 arg. 2</span></a> Item, per
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1892 divitias homo suam vitam sustentat, et ad felicitatem divitiae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1893 organice deserviunt, ut dicitur in I Ethic. Cum igitur omnis virtus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1894 ordinetur ad felicitatem, videtur quod liberalis non est virtuosus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1895 de quo philosophus dicit, in IV Ethic., quod <i>non est acceptivus
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1896 pecuniae neque custoditivus, sed emissivus</i>.</p><p title="II-II q. 117 a. 1 arg. 3"><a name="43806"><span class="ref">[43806] IIª-IIae q. 117 a. 1 arg. 3</span></a>
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1897 Praeterea, virtutes habent connexionem ad invicem. Sed liberalitas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1898 non videtur connexa aliis virtutibus, multi enim sunt virtuosi qui
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1899 non possunt esse liberales, quia non habent quod dent; multique
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1900 liberaliter dant vel expendunt qui tamen alias sunt vitiosi. Ergo
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1901 liberalitas non est virtus.</p><p title="II-II q. 117 a. 1 s. c."><a name="43807"><span class="ref">[43807] IIª-IIae q. 117 a. 1 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1902 est quod Ambrosius dicit, in I de Offic., quod <i>in Evangelio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1903 multas disciplinas accipimus iustae liberalitatis</i>. Sed in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1904 Evangelio non docentur nisi ea quae ad virtutem pertinent. Ergo
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1905 liberalitas est virtus.</p><p title="II-II q. 117 a. 1 co."><a name="43808"><span class="ref">[43808] IIª-IIae q. 117 a. 1 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1906 dicendum quod, sicut Augustinus dicit, in libro de Lib. Arbit.,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1907 <i>bene uti his quibus male uti possumus, pertinet ad virtutem</i>.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1908 Possumus autem bene et male uti non solum his quae intra nos sunt,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1909 puta potentiis et passionibus animae, sed etiam his quae extra nos
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1910 sunt, scilicet rebus huius mundi concessis nobis ad sustentationem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1911 vitae. Et ideo, cum bene uti his rebus pertineat ad liberalitatem,
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1912 consequens est quod liberalitas virtus sit.</p><p title="II-II q. 117 a. 1 ad 1"><a name="43809"><span class="ref">[43809] IIª-IIae q. 117 a. 1 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1913 ergo dicendum quod, sicut Ambrosius et Basilius dicunt,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1914 superabundantia divitiarum datur aliquibus a Deo ut meritum bonae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1915 dispensationis acquirant. Pauca autem uni sufficiunt. Et ideo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1916 liberalis plura laudabiliter in alios expendit quam in seipsum.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1917 Debet autem homo semper magis sibi providere in spiritualibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1918 bonis, in quibus unusquisque sibi praecipue subvenire potest. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1919 tamen etiam in temporalibus rebus non pertinet ad liberalem ut sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1920 aliis intendat quod omnino se et suos despiciat. Unde Ambrosius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1921 dicit, in I de Offic., <i>est illa probanda liberalitas ut proximos
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1922 seminis tui non despicias, si egere cognoscas</i>.</p><p title="II-II q. 117 a. 1 ad 2"><a name="43810"><span class="ref">[43810] IIª-IIae q. 117 a. 1 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1923 dicendum quod ad liberalem non pertinet sic divitias emittere ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1924 non sibi remaneat unde sustentetur, et unde virtutis opera
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1925 exequatur, quibus ad felicitatem pervenitur. Unde philosophus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1926 dicit, in IV Ethic., quod <i>liberalis curat propria, volens per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1927 hoc quibusdam sufficere</i>. Et Ambrosius dicit, in libro de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1928 Offic., quod <i>dominus non vult simul effundi opes, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1929 dispensari. Nisi forte ut Elisaeus boves suos occidit et pavit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1930 pauperes ex eo quod habuit, ut nulla cura teneretur domestica</i>,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1931 quod pertinet ad statum perfectionis spiritualis vitae, de quo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1932 infra dicetur. Et tamen sciendum quod hoc ipsum quod est sua
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1933 liberaliter largiri, inquantum est actus virtutis, ad beatitudinem
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1934 ordinatur.</p><p title="II-II q. 117 a. 1 ad 3"><a name="43811"><span class="ref">[43811] IIª-IIae q. 117 a. 1 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1935 dicendum quod, sicut philosophus dicit, in IV Ethic., illi qui
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1936 consumunt multa in intemperantias, non sunt liberales, sed prodigi.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1937 Et similiter quicumque effundit quae habet propter quaecumque alia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1938 peccata. Unde et Ambrosius dicit, in I de Offic., <i>si adiuves eum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1939 qui possessiones aliorum eripere conatur, non probatur largitas.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1940 Nec illa perfecta est liberalitas, si iactantiae causa, magis quam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1941 misericordiae, largiaris</i>. Et ideo illi qui carent aliis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1942 virtutibus, licet in aliqua mala opera multa expendant, non sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1943 liberales. Nihil etiam prohibet aliquos multa in bonos usus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1944 expendentes habitum liberalitatis non habere, sicut et aliarum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1945 virtutum opera faciunt homines antequam habitum virtutis habeant,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1946 licet non eo modo quo virtuosi, ut supra dictum est. Similiter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1947 etiam nihil prohibet aliquos virtuosos, licet sint pauperes, esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1948 liberales. Unde philosophus dicit, in IV Ethic., secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1949 substantiam, idest facultatem divitiarum, liberalitas dicitur,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1950 <i>non enim consistit in multitudine datorum, sed in dantis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1951 habitu</i>. Et Ambrosius dicit, in I de Offic., quod <i>effectus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1952 divitem collationem aut pauperem facit, et pretium rebus
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1953 imponit</i>.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 2</h3><p title="II-II q. 117 a. 2 arg. 1"><a name="43812"><span class="ref">[43812] IIª-IIae q. 117 a. 2 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1954 secundum sic proceditur. Videtur quod liberalitas non sit circa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1955 pecunias. Omnis enim virtus moralis est circa operationes vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1956 passiones. Esse autem circa operationes est proprium iustitiae, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1957 dicitur in V Ethic. Ergo, cum liberalitas sit virtus moralis,
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1958 videtur quod sit circa passiones, et non circa pecunias.</p><p title="II-II q. 117 a. 2 arg. 2"><a name="43813"><span class="ref">[43813] IIª-IIae q. 117 a. 2 arg. 2</span></a>
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1959 Praeterea, ad liberalem pertinet quarumcumque divitiarum usus. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1960 divitiae naturales sunt veriores quam divitiae artificiales, quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1961 in pecuniis consistunt, ut patet per philosophum, in I Polit. Ergo
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1962 liberalitas non est principaliter circa pecunias.</p><p title="II-II q. 117 a. 2 arg. 3"><a name="43814"><span class="ref">[43814] IIª-IIae q. 117 a. 2 arg. 3</span></a>
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1963 Praeterea, diversarum virtutum diversae sunt materiae, quia habitus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1964 distinguuntur secundum obiecta. Sed res exteriores sunt materiae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1965 iustitiae distributivae et commutativae. Ergo non sunt materia
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1966 liberalitatis.</p><p title="II-II q. 117 a. 2 s. c."><a name="43815"><span class="ref">[43815] IIª-IIae q. 117 a. 2 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1967 est quod philosophus dicit, in IV Ethic., quod <i>liberalitas
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1968 videtur esse medietas quaedam circa pecunias</i>.</p><p title="II-II q. 117 a. 2 co."><a name="43816"><span class="ref">[43816] IIª-IIae q. 117 a. 2 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1969 dicendum quod, secundum philosophum, in IV Ethic., ad liberalem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1970 pertinet emissivum esse. Unde et alio nomine liberalitas largitas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1971 nominatur, quia quod largum est, non est retentivum, sed est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1972 emissivum. Et ad hoc idem videtur pertinere etiam liberalitatis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1973 nomen, cum enim aliquis a se emittit, quodammodo illud a sua
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1974 custodia et dominio liberat, et animum suum ab eius affectu liberum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1975 esse ostendit. Ea vero quae emittenda sunt ab uno homine in alium,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1976 sunt bona possessa, quae nomine pecuniae significantur. Et ideo
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1977 propria materia liberalitatis est pecunia.</p><p title="II-II q. 117 a. 2 ad 1"><a name="43817"><span class="ref">[43817] IIª-IIae q. 117 a. 2 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1978 ergo dicendum quod, sicut dictum est, liberalitas non attenditur in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1979 quantitate dati, sed in affectu dantis. Affectus autem dantis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1980 disponitur secundum passiones amoris et concupiscentiae, et per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1981 consequens delectationis et tristitiae, ad ea quae dantur. Et ideo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1982 immediata materia liberalitatis sunt interiores passiones, sed
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1983 pecunia exterior est obiectum ipsarum passionum.</p><p title="II-II q. 117 a. 2 ad 2"><a name="43818"><span class="ref">[43818] IIª-IIae q. 117 a. 2 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1984 dicendum quod, sicut Augustinus dicit, in libro de doctrina
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1985 Christ., <i>totum quidquid homines in terra habent, et omnia quorum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1986 sunt domini, pecunia vocatur, quia antiqui, quae habebant, in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1987 pecoribus habebant</i>. Et philosophus dicit, in IV Ethic., quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1988 <i>pecunias dicimus omnia quorum dignitas numismate
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1989 mensuratur</i>.</p><p title="II-II q. 117 a. 2 ad 3"><a name="43819"><span class="ref">[43819] IIª-IIae q. 117 a. 2 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1990 dicendum quod iustitia constituit aequalitatem in istis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1991 exterioribus rebus, non autem ad eam proprie pertinet moderari
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1992 interiores passiones. Unde aliter pecunia est materia
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1993 liberalitatis, et aliter iustitiae.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 3</h3><p title="II-II q. 117 a. 3 arg. 1"><a name="43820"><span class="ref">[43820] IIª-IIae q. 117 a. 3 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1994 tertium sic proceditur. Videtur quod uti pecunia non sit actus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1995 liberalitatis. Diversarum enim virtutum diversi sunt actus. Sed uti
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1996 pecunia convenit aliis virtutibus, sicut iustitiae et
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1997 magnificentiae. Non ergo est proprius actus liberalitatis.</p><p title="II-II q. 117 a. 3 arg. 2"><a name="43821"><span class="ref">[43821] IIª-IIae q. 117 a. 3 arg. 2</span></a>
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1998 Praeterea, ad liberalem non solum pertinet dare, sed etiam accipere
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1999 et custodire. Sed acceptio et custodia non videtur ad usum pecuniae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2000 pertinere. Ergo inconvenienter dicitur proprius liberalitatis actus
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2001 usus pecuniae.</p><p title="II-II q. 117 a. 3 arg. 3"><a name="43822"><span class="ref">[43822] IIª-IIae q. 117 a. 3 arg. 3</span></a>
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2002 Praeterea, usus pecuniae non solum consistit in hoc quod pecunia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2003 detur, sed in hoc quod expendatur. Sed expendere pecuniam refertur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2004 ad ipsum expendentem, et sic non videtur esse liberalitatis actus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2005 dicit enim Seneca, in V de Benefic., <i>non est liberalis aliquis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2006 ex hoc quod sibi donat</i>. Ergo non quilibet usus pecuniae
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2007 pertinet ad liberalitatem.</p><p title="II-II q. 117 a. 3 s. c."><a name="43823"><span class="ref">[43823] IIª-IIae q. 117 a. 3 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2008 est quod philosophus dicit, in IV Ethic., <i>unoquoque optime
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2009 utitur qui habet circa singula virtutem. Divitiis ergo utetur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2010 optime qui habet circa pecunias virtutem</i>. Iste autem est
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2011 liberalis. Ergo bonus usus pecuniarum est actus liberalitatis.</p><p title="II-II q. 117 a. 3 co."><a name="43824"><span class="ref">[43824] IIª-IIae q. 117 a. 3 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2012 dicendum quod species actus sumitur ex obiecto, ut supra habitum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2013 est. Obiectum autem sive materia liberalitatis est pecunia, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2014 quidquid pecunia mensurari potest, ut dictum est. Et quia quaelibet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2015 virtus convenienter se habet ad suum obiectum, consequens est ut,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2016 cum liberalitas sit virtus, actus eius sit proportionatus pecuniae.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2017 Pecunia autem cadit sub ratione bonorum utilium, quia omnia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2018 exteriora bona ad usum hominis sunt ordinata. Et ideo proprius
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2019 actus liberalitatis est pecunia vel divitiis uti.</p><p title="II-II q. 117 a. 3 ad 1"><a name="43825"><span class="ref">[43825] IIª-IIae q. 117 a. 3 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2020 ergo dicendum quod ad liberalitatem pertinet bene uti divitiis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2021 inquantum huiusmodi, eo quod divitiae sunt propria materia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2022 liberalitatis. Ad iustitiam autem pertinet uti divitiis secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2023 aliam rationem, scilicet secundum rationem debiti, prout scilicet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2024 res exterior debetur alteri. Ad magnificentiam etiam pertinet uti
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2025 divitiis secundum quandam specialem rationem, idest secundum quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2026 assumuntur in alicuius magni operis expletionem. Unde et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2027 magnificentia quodammodo se habet ex additione ad liberalitatem, ut
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2028 infra dicetur.</p><p title="II-II q. 117 a. 3 ad 2"><a name="43826"><span class="ref">[43826] IIª-IIae q. 117 a. 3 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2029 dicendum quod ad virtuosum pertinet non solum convenienter uti sua
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2030 materia vel instrumento, sed etiam praeparare opportunitates ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2031 bene utendum, sicut ad fortitudinem militis pertinet non solum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2032 exserere gladium in hostes, sed etiam exacuere gladium et in vagina
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2033 conservare. Sic etiam ad liberalitatem pertinet non solum uti
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2034 pecunia, sed etiam eam praeparare et conservare ad idoneum
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2035 usum.</p><p title="II-II q. 117 a. 3 ad 3"><a name="43827"><span class="ref">[43827] IIª-IIae q. 117 a. 3 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2036 dicendum quod, sicut dictum est, propinqua materia liberalitatis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2037 sunt interiores passiones secundum quas homo afficitur circa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2038 pecuniam. Et ideo ad liberalitatem praecipue pertinet ut homo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2039 propter inordinatam affectionem ad pecuniam non prohibeatur a
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2040 quocumque debito usu eius. Est autem duplex usus pecuniae, unus ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2041 seipsum, qui videtur ad sumptus vel expensas pertinere; alius autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2042 quo quis utitur ad alios, quod pertinet ad dationes. Et ideo ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2043 liberalem pertinet ut neque propter immoderatum amorem pecuniae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2044 aliquis impediatur a convenientibus expensis, neque a
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2045 convenientibus dationibus. Unde circa dationes et sumptus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2046 liberalitas consistit, secundum philosophum, in IV Ethic. Verbum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2047 autem Senecae intelligendum est de liberalitate secundum quod se
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2048 habet ad dationes. Non enim dicitur aliquis liberalis ex hoc quod
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2049 sibi aliquid donat.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 4</h3><p title="II-II q. 117 a. 4 arg. 1"><a name="43828"><span class="ref">[43828] IIª-IIae q. 117 a. 4 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2050 quartum sic proceditur. Videtur quod ad liberalem non maxime
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2051 pertineat dare. Liberalitas enim a prudentia dirigitur, sicut et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2052 quaelibet alia moralis virtus. Sed maxime videtur ad prudentiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2053 pertinere divitias conservare, unde et philosophus dicit, in IV
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2054 Ethic., quod <i>illi qui non acquisierunt pecuniam, sed susceperunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2055 ab aliis acquisitam, liberalius eam expendunt, quia sunt inexperti
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2056 indigentiae</i>. Ergo videtur quod dare non maxime pertineat ad
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2057 liberalitatem.</p><p title="II-II q. 117 a. 4 arg. 2"><a name="43829"><span class="ref">[43829] IIª-IIae q. 117 a. 4 arg. 2</span></a>
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2058 Praeterea, de hoc quod aliquis maxime intendit, nullus tristatur,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2059 neque ab eo cessat. Sed liberalis quandoque tristatur de his quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2060 dedit, neque etiam dat omnibus, ut dicitur in IV Ethic. Ergo ad
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2061 liberalem non maxime pertinet dare.</p><p title="II-II q. 117 a. 4 arg. 3"><a name="43830"><span class="ref">[43830] IIª-IIae q. 117 a. 4 arg. 3</span></a>
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2062 Praeterea, ad illud implendum quod quis maxime intendit, homo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2063 utitur viis quibus potest. Sed liberalis non est petitivus, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2064 philosophus dicit, in IV Ethic., cum per hoc posset sibi praeparare
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2065 facultatem aliis donandi. Ergo videtur quod maxime non intendat ad
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2066 dandum.</p><p title="II-II q. 117 a. 4 arg. 4"><a name="43831"><span class="ref">[43831] IIª-IIae q. 117 a. 4 arg. 4</span></a>
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2067 Praeterea, magis homo obligatur ad hoc quod provideat sibi quam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2068 aliis. Sed expendendo aliquid providet sibi, dando autem providet
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2069 aliis. Ergo ad liberalem magis pertinet expendere quam dare.</p><p title="II-II q. 117 a. 4 s. c."><a name="43832"><span class="ref">[43832] IIª-IIae q. 117 a. 4 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2070 est quod philosophus dicit, in IV Ethic., quod <i>liberalis est
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2071 superabundare in datione</i>.</p><p title="II-II q. 117 a. 4 co."><a name="43833"><span class="ref">[43833] IIª-IIae q. 117 a. 4 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2072 dicendum quod proprium est liberalis uti pecunia. Usus autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2073 pecuniae est in emissione ipsius, nam acquisitio pecuniae magis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2074 assimilatur generationi quam usui; custodia vero pecuniae,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2075 inquantum ordinatur ad facultatem utendi, assimilatur habitui.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2076 Emissio autem alicuius rei, quanto fit ad aliquid distantius, tanto
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2077 a maiori virtute procedit, sicut patet in his quae proiiciuntur. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2078 ideo ex maiori virtute procedit quod aliquis emittat pecuniam dando
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2079 eam aliis, quam expendendo eam circa seipsum. Proprium autem est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2080 virtutis ut praecipue tendat in id quod perfectius est, nam virtus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2081 est perfectio quaedam, ut dicitur in VII Physic. Et ideo liberalis
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2082 maxime laudatur ex datione.</p><p title="II-II q. 117 a. 4 ad 1"><a name="43834"><span class="ref">[43834] IIª-IIae q. 117 a. 4 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2083 ergo dicendum quod ad prudentiam pertinet custodire pecuniam ne
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2084 subripiatur aut inutiliter expendatur. Sed utiliter eam expendere
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2085 non est minoris prudentiae quam utiliter eam conservare, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2086 maioris, quia plura sunt attendenda circa usum rei, qui assimilatur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2087 motui, quam circa conservationem, quae assimilatur quieti. Quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2088 autem illi qui susceperunt pecunias ab aliis acquisitas, liberalius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2089 expendunt, quasi existentes inopiae inexperti, si solum propter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2090 hanc inexperientiam liberaliter expenderent, non haberent
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2091 liberalitatis virtutem. Sed quandoque huiusmodi inexperientia se
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2092 habet solum sicut tollens impedimentum liberalitatis, ita quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2093 promptius liberaliter agant. Timor enim inopiae, ex eius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2094 experientia procedens, impedit quandoque eos qui acquisiverunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2095 pecuniam ne eam consumant liberaliter agendo. Et similiter amor quo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2096 eam amant tanquam proprium effectum, ut philosophus dicit, in IV
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2097 Ethic.</p><p title="II-II q. 117 a. 4 ad 2"><a name="43835"><span class="ref">[43835] IIª-IIae q. 117 a. 4 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2098 dicendum quod, sicut dictum est, ad liberalitatem pertinet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2099 convenienter uti pecunia, et per consequens convenienter dare, quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2100 est quidam pecuniae usus. Quaelibet autem virtus tristatur de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2101 contrario sui actus, et vitat eius impedimenta. Ei autem quod est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2102 convenienter dare duo opponuntur, scilicet non dare quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2103 convenienter est dandum, et dare aliquid non convenienter. Unde de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2104 utroque tristatur liberalis, sed de primo magis, quia plus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2105 opponitur proprio actui. Et ideo etiam non dat omnibus, impediretur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2106 enim actus eius si quibuslibet daret; non enim haberet unde aliis
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2107 daret, quibus dare convenit.</p><p title="II-II q. 117 a. 4 ad 3"><a name="43836"><span class="ref">[43836] IIª-IIae q. 117 a. 4 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2108 dicendum quod dare et accipere se habent sicut agere et pati. Non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2109 est autem idem principium agendi et patiendi. Unde quia liberalitas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2110 est principium dationis, non pertinet ad liberalem ut sit promptus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2111 ad recipiendum, et multo minus ad petendum. Ordinat autem ad dandum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2112 aliqua secundum liberalitatis convenientiam, scilicet fructus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2113 propriarum possessionum; quos sollicite procurat, ut eis
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2114 liberaliter utatur.</p><p title="II-II q. 117 a. 4 ad 4"><a name="43837"><span class="ref">[43837] IIª-IIae q. 117 a. 4 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2115 dicendum quod ad expendendum in seipsum natura inclinat. Unde hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2116 quod pecuniam quis perfundat in alios, pertinet proprie ad
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2117 virtutem.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 5</h3><p title="II-II q. 117 a. 5 arg. 1"><a name="43838"><span class="ref">[43838] IIª-IIae q. 117 a. 5 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2118 quintum sic proceditur. Videtur quod liberalitas non sit pars
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2119 iustitiae. Iustitia enim respicit debitum. Sed quanto aliquid est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2120 magis debitum, tanto minus liberaliter datur. Ergo liberalitas non
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2121 est pars iustitiae, sed ei repugnat.</p><p title="II-II q. 117 a. 5 arg. 2"><a name="43839"><span class="ref">[43839] IIª-IIae q. 117 a. 5 arg. 2</span></a>
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2122 Praeterea, iustitia est circa operationes, ut supra habitum est.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2123 Liberalitas autem praecipue est circa amorem et concupiscentiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2124 pecuniarum, quae sunt passiones. Ergo magis videtur liberalitas ad
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2125 temperantiam pertinere quam ad iustitiam.</p><p title="II-II q. 117 a. 5 arg. 3"><a name="43840"><span class="ref">[43840] IIª-IIae q. 117 a. 5 arg. 3</span></a>
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2126 Praeterea, ad liberalitatem pertinet praecipue convenienter dare,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2127 ut dictum est. Sed convenienter dare pertinet ad beneficentiam et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2128 misericordiam, quae pertinent ad caritatem, ut supra dictum est.
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2129 Ergo liberalitas magis est pars caritatis quam iustitiae.</p><p title="II-II q. 117 a. 5 s. c."><a name="43841"><span class="ref">[43841] IIª-IIae q. 117 a. 5 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2130 est quod Ambrosius dicit, in I de Offic., <i>iustitia ad societatem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2131 generis humani refertur. Societatis enim ratio dividitur in duas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2132 partes, iustitiam et beneficentiam, quam eandem liberalitatem aut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2133 benignitatem vocant</i>. Ergo liberalitas ad iustitiam
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2134 pertinet.</p><p title="II-II q. 117 a. 5 co."><a name="43842"><span class="ref">[43842] IIª-IIae q. 117 a. 5 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2135 dicendum quod liberalitas non est species iustitiae, quia iustitia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2136 exhibet alteri quod est eius, liberalitas autem exhibet id quod est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2137 suum. Habet tamen quandam convenientiam cum iustitia in duobus.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2138 Primo quidem, quia principaliter est ad alterum, sicut et iustitia.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2139 Secundo, quia est circa res exteriores, sicut et iustitia, licet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2140 secundum aliam rationem, ut dictum est. Et ideo liberalitas a
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2141 quibusdam ponitur pars iustitiae, sicut virtus ei annexa ut
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2142 principali.</p><p title="II-II q. 117 a. 5 ad 1"><a name="43843"><span class="ref">[43843] IIª-IIae q. 117 a. 5 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2143 ergo dicendum quod liberalitas, etsi non attendat debitum legale,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2144 quod attendit iustitia, attendit tamen debitum quoddam morale, quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2145 attenditur ex quadam ipsius decentia, non ex hoc quod sit alteri
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2146 obligatus. Unde minimum habet de ratione debiti.</p><p title="II-II q. 117 a. 5 ad 2"><a name="43844"><span class="ref">[43844] IIª-IIae q. 117 a. 5 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2147 dicendum quod temperantia est circa concupiscentias corporalium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2148 delectationum. Concupiscentia autem pecuniae, et delectatio, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2149 est corporalis, sed magis animalis. Unde liberalitas non pertinet
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2150 proprie ad temperantiam.</p><p title="II-II q. 117 a. 5 ad 3"><a name="43845"><span class="ref">[43845] IIª-IIae q. 117 a. 5 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2151 dicendum quod datio benefici et misericordis procedit ex eo quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2152 homo est aliqualiter affectus circa eum cui dat. Et ideo talis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2153 datio pertinet ad caritatem sive ad amicitiam. Sed datio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2154 liberalitatis provenit ex eo quod dans est aliqualiter affectus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2155 circa pecuniam, dum eam non concupiscit neque amat. Unde etiam non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2156 solum amicis, sed etiam ignotis dat, quando oportet. Unde non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2157 pertinet ad caritatem, sed magis ad iustitiam, quae est circa res
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2158 exteriores.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 6</h3><p title="II-II q. 117 a. 6 arg. 1"><a name="43846"><span class="ref">[43846] IIª-IIae q. 117 a. 6 arg. 1</span></a> Ad sextum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2159 sic proceditur. Videtur quod liberalitas sit maxima virtutum. Omnis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2160 enim virtus hominis est quaedam similitudo divinae bonitatis. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2161 per liberalitatem homo maxime assimilatur Deo, <i>qui dat omnibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2162 affluenter et non improperat</i>, ut dicitur Iac. Ergo liberalitas
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2163 est maxima virtutum.</p><p title="II-II q. 117 a. 6 arg. 2"><a name="43847"><span class="ref">[43847] IIª-IIae q. 117 a. 6 arg. 2</span></a>
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2164 Praeterea, secundum Augustinum, in VI de Trin., <i>in his quae non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2165 mole magna sunt, idem est esse maius quod melius</i>. Sed ratio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2166 bonitatis maxime videtur ad liberalitatem pertinere, quia bonum est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2167 diffusivum, ut patet per Dionysium, IV cap. de Div. Nom. Unde et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2168 Ambrosius dicit, in I de Offic., quod <i>iustitia censuram tenet,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2169 liberalitas bonitatem</i>. Ergo liberalitas est maxima
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2170 virtutum.</p><p title="II-II q. 117 a. 6 arg. 3"><a name="43848"><span class="ref">[43848] IIª-IIae q. 117 a. 6 arg. 3</span></a>
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2171 Praeterea, homines honorantur et amantur propter virtutem. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2172 Boetius dicit, in libro de Consolat., <i>largitas maxime claros
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2173 facit</i>. Et philosophus dicit, in IV Ethic., quod <i>inter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2174 virtuosos maxime liberales amantur</i>. Ergo liberalitas est maxima
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2175 virtutum.</p><p title="II-II q. 117 a. 6 s. c."><a name="43849"><span class="ref">[43849] IIª-IIae q. 117 a. 6 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2176 est quod Ambrosius dicit, in I de Offic., quod <i>iustitia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2177 excelsior videtur liberalitate, sed liberalitas gratior</i>.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2178 Philosophus etiam dicit, in I Rhetoric., quod <i>fortes et iusti
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2179 maxime honorantur, et post eos liberales</i>.</p><p title="II-II q. 117 a. 6 co."><a name="43850"><span class="ref">[43850] IIª-IIae q. 117 a. 6 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2180 dicendum quod quaelibet virtus tendit in aliquod bonum. Unde quanto
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2181 aliqua virtus in melius bonum tendit, tanto melior est. Liberalitas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2182 autem tendit in aliquod bonum dupliciter, uno modo, primo et per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2183 se; alio modo, ex consequenti. Primo quidem et per se tendit ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2184 ordinandum propriam affectionem circa pecuniarum possessionem et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2185 usum. Et sic, secundum hoc, praefertur liberalitati et temperantia,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2186 quae moderatur concupiscentias et delectationes pertinentes ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2187 proprium corpus; et fortitudo et iustitia, quae ordinantur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2188 quodammodo in bonum commune, una tempore pacis, alia tempore belli;
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2189 et omnibus praeferuntur virtutes quae ordinant in bonum divinum.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2190 Nam bonum divinum praeeminet cuilibet bono humano; et in bonis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2191 humanis bonum publicum praeeminet bono privato; in quibus bonum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2192 corporis praeeminet bono exteriorum rerum. Alio modo ordinatur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2193 liberalitas ad aliquod bonum ex consequenti. Et secundum hoc,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2194 liberalitas ordinatur in omnia bona praedicta, ex hoc enim quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2195 homo non est amativus pecuniae, sequitur quod de facili utatur ea
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2196 et ad seipsum, et ad utilitatem aliorum, et ad honorem Dei. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2197 secundum hoc, habet quandam excellentiam ex hoc quod utilis est ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2198 multa. Quia tamen unumquodque magis iudicatur secundum illud quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2199 primo et per se competit ei quam secundum id quod consequenter se
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2200 habet, ideo dicendum est liberalitatem non esse maximam
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2201 virtutem.</p><p title="II-II q. 117 a. 6 ad 1"><a name="43851"><span class="ref">[43851] IIª-IIae q. 117 a. 6 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2202 ergo dicendum quod datio divina provenit ex eo quod amat homines
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2203 quibus dat, non autem ex eo quod afficiatur ad ea quae dat. Et ideo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2204 magis videtur pertinere ad caritatem, quae est maxima virtutum,
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2205 quam ad liberalitatem.</p><p title="II-II q. 117 a. 6 ad 2"><a name="43852"><span class="ref">[43852] IIª-IIae q. 117 a. 6 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2206 dicendum quod quaelibet virtus participat rationem boni quantum ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2207 emissionem proprii actus. Actus autem quarundam aliarum virtutum
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2208 meliores sunt pecunia, quam emittit liberalis.</p><p title="II-II q. 117 a. 6 ad 3"><a name="43853"><span class="ref">[43853] IIª-IIae q. 117 a. 6 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2209 dicendum quod liberales maxime amantur, non quidem amicitia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2210 honesti, quasi sint meliores; sed amicitia utilis, quia sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2211 utiliores in exterioribus bonis, quae communiter homines maxime
59 03759e5c1080 fix multi-para s.c. ht parents: 53 diff changeset	2212 cupiunt. Et etiam propter eandem causam clari redduntur.</p></div></div><div id="q118" class="q"><h2>Quaestio 118</h2><div class="p"><h3>Prooemium</h3><p title="II-II q. 118 pr."><a name="43854"><span class="ref">[43854] IIª-IIae q. 118 pr.</span></a> Deinde
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2213 considerandum est de vitiis oppositis liberalitati. Et primo, de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2214 avaritia; secundo, de prodigalitate. Circa primum quaeruntur octo.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2215 Primo, utrum avaritia sit peccatum. Secundo, utrum sit speciale
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2216 peccatum. Tertio, cui virtuti opponatur. Quarto, utrum sit peccatum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2217 mortale. Quinto, utrum sit gravissimum peccatorum. Sexto, utrum sit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2218 peccatum carnale, vel spirituale. Septimo, utrum sit vitium
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2219 capitale. Octavo, de filiabus eius.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 1</h3><p title="II-II q. 118 a. 1 arg. 1"><a name="43855"><span class="ref">[43855] IIª-IIae q. 118 a. 1 arg. 1</span></a> Ad primum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2220 sic proceditur. Videtur quod avaritia non sit peccatum. Dicitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2221 enim avaritia quasi aeris aviditas, quia scilicet in appetitu
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2222 pecuniae consistit, per quam omnia exteriora bona intelligi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2223 possunt. Sed appetere exteriora bona non est peccatum. Naturaliter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2224 enim homo ea appetit, tum quia naturaliter subiecta sunt homini;
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2225 tum quia per ea vita hominis conservatur, unde et substantia
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2226 hominis dicuntur. Ergo avaritia non est peccatum.</p><p title="II-II q. 118 a. 1 arg. 2"><a name="43856"><span class="ref">[43856] IIª-IIae q. 118 a. 1 arg. 2</span></a>
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2227 Praeterea, omne peccatum aut est in Deum, aut in proximum, aut est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2228 in seipsum, sicut supra habitum est. Sed avaritia non est proprie
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2229 peccatum contra Deum, non enim opponitur neque religioni neque
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2230 virtutibus theologicis, quibus homo ordinatur in Deum. Neque etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2231 est peccatum in seipsum, hoc enim proprie pertinet ad gulam et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2232 luxuriam, de qua apostolus dicit, I ad Cor. VI, quod <i>qui
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2233 fornicatur in corpus suum peccat</i>. Similiter etiam non videtur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2234 peccatum esse in proximum, quia per hoc quod homo retinet sua,
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2235 nulli facit iniuriam. Ergo avaritia non est peccatum.</p><p title="II-II q. 118 a. 1 arg. 3"><a name="43857"><span class="ref">[43857] IIª-IIae q. 118 a. 1 arg. 3</span></a>
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2236 Praeterea, ea quae naturaliter adveniunt non sunt peccata. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2237 avaritia naturaliter consequitur senectutem et quemlibet defectum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2238 ut philosophus dicit, in IV Ethic. Ergo avaritia non est
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2239 peccatum.</p><p title="II-II q. 118 a. 1 s. c."><a name="43858"><span class="ref">[43858] IIª-IIae q. 118 a. 1 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2240 est quod dicitur Heb. ult., <i>sint mores sine avaritia, contenti
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2241 praesentibus</i>.</p><p title="II-II q. 118 a. 1 co."><a name="43859"><span class="ref">[43859] IIª-IIae q. 118 a. 1 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2242 dicendum quod in quibuscumque bonum consistit in debita mensura,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2243 necesse est quod per excessum vel diminutionem illius mensurae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2244 malum proveniat. In omnibus autem quae sunt propter finem, bonum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2245 consistit in quadam mensura, nam ea quae sunt ad finem necesse est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2246 commensurari fini, sicut medicina sanitati; ut patet per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2247 philosophum, in I Polit. Bona autem exteriora habent rationem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2248 utilium ad finem, sicut dictum est. Unde necesse est quod bonum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2249 hominis circa ea consistat in quadam mensura, dum scilicet homo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2250 secundum aliquam mensuram quaerit habere exteriores divitias prout
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2251 sunt necessaria ad vitam eius secundum suam conditionem. Et ideo in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2252 excessu huius mensurae consistit peccatum, dum scilicet aliquis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2253 supra debitum modum vult eas vel acquirere vel retinere. Quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2254 pertinet ad rationem avaritiae, quae definitur esse immoderatus
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2255 amor habendi. Unde patet quod avaritia est peccatum.</p><p title="II-II q. 118 a. 1 ad 1"><a name="43860"><span class="ref">[43860] IIª-IIae q. 118 a. 1 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2256 ergo dicendum quod appetitus rerum exteriorum est homini naturalis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2257 ut eorum quae sunt propter finem. Et ideo intantum vitio caret
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2258 inquantum continetur sub regula sumpta ex ratione finis. Avaritia
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2259 autem hanc regulam excedit. Et ideo est peccatum.</p><p title="II-II q. 118 a. 1 ad 2"><a name="43861"><span class="ref">[43861] IIª-IIae q. 118 a. 1 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2260 dicendum quod avaritia potest importare immoderantiam circa res
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2261 exteriores dupliciter. Uno modo, immediate, quantum ad acceptionem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2262 vel conservationem ipsarum, ut scilicet homo plus debito eas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2263 acquirat vel conservet. Et secundum hoc, est directe peccatum in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2264 proximum, quia in exterioribus divitiis non potest unus homo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2265 superabundare nisi alter deficiat, quia bona temporalia non possunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2266 simul possideri a multis. Alio modo, potest importare immoderantiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2267 circa interiores affectiones quas quis ad divitias habet, puta quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2268 immoderate aliquis divitias amet aut desideret, aut delectetur in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2269 eis. Et sic avaritia est peccatum hominis in seipsum, quia per hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2270 deordinatur eius affectus; licet non deordinetur corpus, sicut per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2271 vitia carnalia. Ex consequenti autem est peccatum in Deum, sicut et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2272 omnia peccata mortalia, inquantum homo propter bonum temporale
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2273 contemnit aeternum.</p><p title="II-II q. 118 a. 1 ad 3"><a name="43862"><span class="ref">[43862] IIª-IIae q. 118 a. 1 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2274 dicendum quod inclinationes naturales sunt regulandae secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2275 rationem, quae principatum tenet in natura humana. Et ideo quamvis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2276 senes, propter naturae defectum, avidius exteriorum rerum inquirant
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2277 subsidia, sicut et omnis indigens quaerit suae indigentiae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2278 supplementum; non tamen a peccato excusantur, si debitam rationis
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2279 mensuram circa divitias excedant.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 2</h3><p title="II-II q. 118 a. 2 arg. 1"><a name="43863"><span class="ref">[43863] IIª-IIae q. 118 a. 2 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2280 secundum sic proceditur. Videtur quod avaritia non sit speciale
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2281 peccatum. Dicit enim Augustinus, in III de Lib. Arbit.,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2282 <i>avaritia, quae Graece philargyria dicitur, non in solo argento
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2283 vel nummis, sed in omnibus rebus quae immoderate cupiuntur,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2284 intelligenda est</i>. Sed in omni peccato est cupiditas immoderata
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2285 alicuius rei, quia peccatum est, spreto bono incommutabili, bonis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2286 commutabilibus inhaerere, ut supra habitum est. Ergo avaritia est
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2287 generale peccatum.</p><p title="II-II q. 118 a. 2 arg. 2"><a name="43864"><span class="ref">[43864] IIª-IIae q. 118 a. 2 arg. 2</span></a>
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2288 Praeterea, secundum Isidorum, in libro Etymol., avarus dicitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2289 quasi avidus aeris, idest pecuniae, unde et in Graeco avaritia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2290 philargyria nominatur, idest amor argenti. Sed sub argento, per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2291 quod pecunia significatur, significantur omnia exteriora bona
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2292 quorum pretium potest numismate mensurari, ut supra habitum est.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2293 Ergo avaritia consistit in appetitu cuiuslibet exterioris rei. Ergo
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2294 videtur esse generale peccatum.</p><p title="II-II q. 118 a. 2 arg. 3"><a name="43865"><span class="ref">[43865] IIª-IIae q. 118 a. 2 arg. 3</span></a>
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2295 Praeterea, super illud Rom. VII, <i>nam concupiscentiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2296 nesciebam</i> etc., dicit Glossa, <i>bona est lex, quae, dum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2297 concupiscentiam prohibet, omne malum prohibet</i>. Videtur autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2298 lex specialiter prohibere concupiscentiam avaritiae, ubi dicitur,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2299 Exod. XX, <i>non concupisces rem proximi tui</i>. Ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2300 concupiscentia avaritiae est omne malum. Et ita avaritia est
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2301 generale peccatum.</p><p title="II-II q. 118 a. 2 s. c."><a name="43866"><span class="ref">[43866] IIª-IIae q. 118 a. 2 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2302 est quod Rom. I, avaritia connumeratur inter alia specialia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2303 peccata, ubi dicitur, <i>repletos omni iniquitate, malitia,
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2304 fornicatione, avaritia,</i> et cetera.</p><p title="II-II q. 118 a. 2 co."><a name="43867"><span class="ref">[43867] IIª-IIae q. 118 a. 2 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2305 dicendum quod peccata sortiuntur speciem secundum obiecta, ut supra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2306 habitum est. Obiectum autem peccati est illud bonum in quod tendit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2307 inordinatus appetitus. Et ideo ubi est specialis ratio boni quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2308 inordinate appetitur, ibi est specialis ratio peccati. Alia autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2309 est ratio boni utilis, et boni delectabilis. Divitiae autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2310 secundum se habent rationem utilis, ea enim ratione appetuntur,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2311 inquantum in usum hominis cedunt. Et ideo speciale quoddam peccatum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2312 est avaritia, secundum quod est immoderatus amor habendi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2313 possessiones, quae nomine pecuniae designantur, ex qua sumitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2314 avaritiae nomen. Verum quia verbum habendi secundum primam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2315 impositionem ad possessiones pertinere videtur, quarum sumus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2316 totaliter domini; ad multa alia derivatur, sicut dicitur homo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2317 habere sanitatem, uxorem, vestimentum, et alia huiusmodi, ut patet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2318 in praedicamentis, per consequens etiam et nomen avaritiae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2319 ampliatum est ad omnem immoderatum appetitum habendi quamcumque
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2320 rem; sicut Gregorius dicit, in quadam homilia, quod <i>avaritia est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2321 non solum pecuniae, sed etiam scientiae et altitudinis, cum supra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2322 modum sublimitas ambitur</i>. Et secundum hoc, avaritia non esset
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2323 peccatum speciale. Et hoc etiam modo loquitur Augustinus de
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2324 avaritia in auctoritate inducta.</p><p title="II-II q. 118 a. 2 ad 1"><a name="43868"><span class="ref">[43868] IIª-IIae q. 118 a. 2 ad 1</span></a> Unde patet
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2325 responsio ad primum.</p><p title="II-II q. 118 a. 2 ad 2"><a name="43869"><span class="ref">[43869] IIª-IIae q. 118 a. 2 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2326 dicendum quod omnes res exteriores quae veniunt in usum humanae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2327 vitae, nomine pecuniae intelliguntur inquantum habent rationem boni
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2328 utilis. Sunt autem quaedam exteriora bona quae potest aliquis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2329 pecunia consequi, sicut voluptates et honores et alia huiusmodi,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2330 quae habent aliam rationem appetibilitatis. Et ideo illorum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2331 appetitus non proprie dicitur avaritia, secundum quod est vitium
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2332 speciale.</p><p title="II-II q. 118 a. 2 ad 3"><a name="43870"><span class="ref">[43870] IIª-IIae q. 118 a. 2 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2333 dicendum quod Glossa illa loquitur de concupiscentia inordinata
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2334 cuiuscumque rei. Potest enim intelligi quod per prohibitionem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2335 concupiscentiae rerum possessarum prohibeatur quarumcumque rerum
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2336 concupiscentia quae per res possessas acquiri possunt.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 3</h3><p title="II-II q. 118 a. 3 arg. 1"><a name="43871"><span class="ref">[43871] IIª-IIae q. 118 a. 3 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2337 tertium sic proceditur. Videtur quod avaritia non opponatur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2338 liberalitati. Quia super illud Matth. V, <i>beati qui esuriunt et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2339 sitiunt iustitiam</i>, dicit Chrysostomus quod est duplex iustitia,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2340 una generalis, et alia specialis, cui opponitur avaritia. Et hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2341 idem philosophus dicit, in V Ethic. Ergo avaritia non opponitur
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2342 liberalitati.</p><p title="II-II q. 118 a. 3 arg. 2"><a name="43872"><span class="ref">[43872] IIª-IIae q. 118 a. 3 arg. 2</span></a>
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2343 Praeterea, peccatum avaritiae in hoc consistit quod homo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2344 transcendit mensuram in rebus possessis. Sed huiusmodi mensura
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2345 statuitur per iustitiam. Ergo avaritia directe opponitur iustitiae,
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2346 et non liberalitati.</p><p title="II-II q. 118 a. 3 arg. 3"><a name="43873"><span class="ref">[43873] IIª-IIae q. 118 a. 3 arg. 3</span></a>
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2347 Praeterea, liberalitas est virtus media inter duo vitia contraria,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2348 ut patet per philosophum, in II et IV Ethic. Sed avaritia non habet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2349 peccatum contrarium oppositum, ut patet per philosophum, in V
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2350 Ethic. Ergo avaritia non opponitur liberalitati.</p><p title="II-II q. 118 a. 3 s. c."><a name="43874"><span class="ref">[43874] IIª-IIae q. 118 a. 3 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2351 est quod, sicut dicitur Eccle. V, <i>avarus non impletur pecunia,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2352 et qui amat divitias fructum non capiet ex eis</i>. Sed non impleri
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2353 pecunia, et inordinate eas amare, est contrarium liberalitati, quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2354 in appetitu divitiarum medium tenet. Ergo avaritia opponitur
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2355 liberalitati.</p><p title="II-II q. 118 a. 3 co."><a name="43875"><span class="ref">[43875] IIª-IIae q. 118 a. 3 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2356 dicendum quod avaritia importat immoderantiam quandam circa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2357 divitias dupliciter. Uno modo, immediate circa ipsam acceptionem et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2358 conservationem divitiarum, inquantum scilicet aliquis acquirit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2359 pecuniam ultra debitum aliena subripiendo vel retinendo. Et sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2360 opponitur iustitiae. Et hoc modo accipitur avaritia Ezech. XXII,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2361 ubi dicitur, <i>principes eius in medio eius quasi lupi rapientes
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2362 praedam ad effundendum sanguinem, et avare lucra sectanda</i>. Alio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2363 modo, importat immoderantiam circa interiores affectiones
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2364 divitiarum, puta cum quis nimis amat vel desiderat divitias, aut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2365 nimis delectatur in eis, etiam si nolit rapere aliena. Et hoc modo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2366 avaritia opponitur liberalitati, quae moderatur huiusmodi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2367 affectiones, ut dictum est. Et sic accipitur avaritia II ad Cor.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2368 IX, <i>praeparent repromissam benedictionem hanc paratam esse sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2369 quasi benedictionem, non quasi avaritiam</i>, Glossa, ut scilicet
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2370 doleant pro dato, et parum sit quod dent.</p><p title="II-II q. 118 a. 3 ad 1"><a name="43876"><span class="ref">[43876] IIª-IIae q. 118 a. 3 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2371 ergo dicendum quod Chrysostomus et philosophus loquuntur de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2372 avaritia primo modo dicta. Avaritiam autem secundo modo dictam
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2373 nominat philosophus illiberalitatem.</p><p title="II-II q. 118 a. 3 ad 2"><a name="43877"><span class="ref">[43877] IIª-IIae q. 118 a. 3 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2374 dicendum quod iustitia proprie statuit mensuram in acceptionibus et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2375 conservationibus divitiarum secundum rationem debiti legalis, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2376 scilicet homo nec accipiat nec retineat alienum. Sed liberalitas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2377 constituit mensuram rationis principaliter quidem in interioribus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2378 affectionibus, et per consequens in exteriori acceptione et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2379 conservatione pecuniarum et emissione earum secundum quod ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2380 interiori affectione procedunt, non observando rationem debiti
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2381 legalis, sed debiti moralis, quod attenditur secundum regulam
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2382 rationis.</p><p title="II-II q. 118 a. 3 ad 3"><a name="43878"><span class="ref">[43878] IIª-IIae q. 118 a. 3 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2383 dicendum quod avaritia secundum quod opponitur iustitiae, non habet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2384 vitium oppositum, quia avaritia consistit in plus habendo quam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2385 debeat secundum iustitiam, et huic opponitur minus habere, quod non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2386 habet rationem culpae, sed poenae. Sed avaritia secundum quod
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2387 opponitur liberalitati, habet vitium prodigalitatis oppositum.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 4</h3><p title="II-II q. 118 a. 4 arg. 1"><a name="43879"><span class="ref">[43879] IIª-IIae q. 118 a. 4 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2388 quartum sic proceditur. Videtur quod avaritia semper sit peccatum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2389 mortale. Nullus enim est dignus morte nisi pro peccato mortali. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2390 propter avaritiam homines digni sunt morte, cum enim apostolus, ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2391 Rom. I, praemisisset, repletos omni iniquitate, fornicatione,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2392 avaritia, subdit, qui talia agunt digni sunt morte. Ergo avaritia
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2393 est peccatum mortale.</p><p title="II-II q. 118 a. 4 arg. 2"><a name="43880"><span class="ref">[43880] IIª-IIae q. 118 a. 4 arg. 2</span></a>
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2394 Praeterea, minimum in avaritia est quod aliquis inordinate retineat
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2395 sua. Sed hoc videtur esse peccatum mortale, dicit enim Basilius,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2396 <i>est panis famelici quem tu tenes, nudi tunica quam conservas,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2397 indigentis argentum quod possides. Quocirca tot iniuriaris quot
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2398 exhibere valeres</i>. Sed iniuriari alteri est peccatum mortale,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2399 quia contrariatur dilectioni proximi. Ergo multo magis omnis alia
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2400 avaritia est peccatum mortale.</p><p title="II-II q. 118 a. 4 arg. 3"><a name="43881"><span class="ref">[43881] IIª-IIae q. 118 a. 4 arg. 3</span></a>
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2401 Praeterea, nullus excaecatur spirituali caecitate nisi per peccatum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2402 mortale, quod animam privat lumine gratiae. Sed secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2403 Chrysostomum, tenebra animae est pecuniarum cupido. Ergo avaritia,
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2404 quae est pecuniarum cupido, est peccatum mortale.</p><p title="II-II q. 118 a. 4 s. c."><a name="43882"><span class="ref">[43882] IIª-IIae q. 118 a. 4 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2405 est quod I ad Cor. III, super illud, si quis aedificaverit super
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2406 hoc fundamentum etc., dicit Glossa quod <i>lignum, faenum et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2407 stipulam superaedificat ille qui cogitat quae mundi sunt, quomodo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2408 placeat mundo</i>, quod pertinet ad peccatum avaritiae. Ille autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2409 qui aedificat lignum, faenum et stipulam, non peccat mortaliter,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2410 sed venialiter, de eo enim dicitur quod salvus erit sic quasi per
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2411 ignem. Ergo avaritia quandoque est peccatum veniale.</p><p title="II-II q. 118 a. 4 co."><a name="43883"><span class="ref">[43883] IIª-IIae q. 118 a. 4 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2412 dicendum quod, sicut supra dictum est, avaritia dupliciter dicitur.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2413 Uno modo, secundum quod opponitur iustitiae. Et hoc modo ex genere
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2414 suo est peccatum mortale, sic enim ad avaritiam pertinet quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2415 aliquis iniuste accipiat vel retineat res alienas, quod pertinet ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2416 rapinam vel furtum, quae sunt peccata mortalia, ut supra habitum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2417 est. Contingit tamen in hoc genere avaritiae aliquid esse peccatum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2418 veniale propter imperfectionem actus, sicut supra dictum est, cum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2419 de furto ageretur. Alio modo potest accipi avaritia secundum quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2420 opponitur liberalitati. Et secundum hoc, importat inordinatum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2421 amorem divitiarum. Si ergo intantum amor divitiarum crescat quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2422 praeferatur caritati, ut scilicet propter amorem divitiarum aliquis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2423 non vereatur facere contra amorem Dei et proximi, sic avaritia erit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2424 peccatum mortale. Si autem inordinatio amoris infra hoc sistat, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2425 scilicet homo, quamvis superflue divitias amet, non tamen praefert
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2426 earum amorem amori divino, ut scilicet propter divitias non velit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2427 aliquid facere contra Deum et proximum, sic avaritia est peccatum
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2428 veniale.</p><p title="II-II q. 118 a. 4 ad 1"><a name="43884"><span class="ref">[43884] IIª-IIae q. 118 a. 4 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2429 ergo dicendum quod avaritia connumeratur peccatis mortalibus
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2430 secundum illam rationem qua est peccatum mortale.</p><p title="II-II q. 118 a. 4 ad 2"><a name="43885"><span class="ref">[43885] IIª-IIae q. 118 a. 4 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2431 dicendum quod Basilius loquitur in illo casu in quo aliquis tenetur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2432 ex debito legali bona sua pauperibus erogare, vel propter periculum
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2433 necessitatis, vel etiam propter superfluitatem habitorum.</p><p title="II-II q. 118 a. 4 ad 3"><a name="43886"><span class="ref">[43886] IIª-IIae q. 118 a. 4 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2434 dicendum quod cupido divitiarum obtenebrat animam proprie quando
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2435 excludit lumen caritatis, praeferendo amorem divitiarum amori
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2436 divino.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 5</h3><p title="II-II q. 118 a. 5 arg. 1"><a name="43887"><span class="ref">[43887] IIª-IIae q. 118 a. 5 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2437 quintum sic proceditur. Videtur quod avaritia sit maximum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2438 peccatorum. Dicitur enim Eccli. X, <i>avaro nihil est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2439 scelestius</i>; et postea subditur, <i>nihil est iniquius quam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2440 amare pecuniam, hic enim et animam suam venalem habet</i>. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2441 Tullius dicit, in I de Offic., <i>nihil est tam angusti animi,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2442 tamque parvi, quam amare pecuniam</i>. Sed hoc pertinet ad
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2443 avaritiam. Ergo avaritia est gravissimum peccatorum.</p><p title="II-II q. 118 a. 5 arg. 2"><a name="43888"><span class="ref">[43888] IIª-IIae q. 118 a. 5 arg. 2</span></a>
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2444 Praeterea, tanto aliquod peccatum est gravius quanto magis caritati
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2445 contrariatur. Sed avaritia maxime contrariatur caritati, dicit enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2446 Augustinus, in libro octoginta trium quaest., quod <i>venenum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2447 caritatis est cupiditas</i>. Ergo avaritia est maximum
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2448 peccatorum.</p><p title="II-II q. 118 a. 5 arg. 3"><a name="43889"><span class="ref">[43889] IIª-IIae q. 118 a. 5 arg. 3</span></a>
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2449 Praeterea, ad gravitatem peccati pertinet quod sit incurabile, unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2450 et peccatum in spiritum sanctum, quod est gravissimum, dicitur esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2451 irremissibile. Sed avaritia est peccatum insanabile, ut dicit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2452 philosophus, in IV Ethic., quod <i>senectus et omnis impotentia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2453 illiberales facit</i>. Ergo avaritia est gravissimum
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2454 peccatorum.</p><p title="II-II q. 118 a. 5 arg. 4"><a name="43890"><span class="ref">[43890] IIª-IIae q. 118 a. 5 arg. 4</span></a>
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2455 Praeterea, apostolus dicit, ad Ephes. V, quod avaritia est idolorum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2456 servitus. Sed idololatria computatur inter gravissima peccata. Ergo
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2457 et avaritia.</p><p title="II-II q. 118 a. 5 s. c."><a name="43891"><span class="ref">[43891] IIª-IIae q. 118 a. 5 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2458 est quod adulterium est gravius peccatum quam furtum, ut habetur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2459 Prov. VI. Furtum autem pertinet ad avaritiam. Ergo avaritia non est
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2460 gravissimum peccatorum.</p><p title="II-II q. 118 a. 5 co."><a name="43892"><span class="ref">[43892] IIª-IIae q. 118 a. 5 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2461 dicendum quod omne peccatum, ex hoc ipso quod est malum, consistit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2462 in quadam corruptione seu privatione alicuius boni, inquantum autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2463 est voluntarium, consistit in appetitu alicuius boni. Dupliciter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2464 ergo ordo peccatorum potest attendi. Uno modo, ex parte boni quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2465 per peccatum contemnitur vel corrumpitur, quod quanto maius est,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2466 tanto peccatum gravius est. Et secundum hoc, peccatum quod est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2467 contra Deum est gravissimum; et sub hoc est peccatum quod est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2468 contra personam hominis; sub quo est peccatum quod est contra res
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2469 exteriores quae sunt ad usum hominis deputatae, quod videtur ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2470 avaritiam pertinere. Alio modo potest attendi gradus peccatorum ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2471 parte boni cui inordinate subditur appetitus humanus, quod quanto
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2472 minus est, tanto peccatum est deformius; turpius enim est subesse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2473 inferiori bono quam superiori. Bonum autem exteriorum rerum est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2474 infimum inter humana bona, est enim minus quam bonum corporis; quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2475 etiam est minus quam bonum animae; quod etiam exceditur a bono
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2476 divino. Et secundum hoc, peccatum avaritiae, quo appetitus humanus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2477 subiicitur etiam exterioribus rebus, habet quodammodo deformitatem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2478 maiorem. Quia tamen corruptio vel privatio boni formaliter se habet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2479 in peccato, conversio autem ad bonum commutabile materialiter;
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2480 magis est iudicanda gravitas peccati ex parte boni quod corrumpitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2481 quam ex parte boni cui subiicitur appetitus. Et ideo dicendum est
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2482 quod avaritia non est simpliciter maximum peccatorum.</p><p title="II-II q. 118 a. 5 ad 1"><a name="43893"><span class="ref">[43893] IIª-IIae q. 118 a. 5 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2483 ergo dicendum quod auctoritates illae loquuntur de avaritia ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2484 parte boni cui subditur appetitus. Unde et in ecclesiastico pro
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2485 ratione subditur, quia avarus animam suam habet venalem, quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2486 videlicet animam suam, idest vitam, exponit periculis pro pecunia,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2487 et ideo subdit, quoniam in vita sua proiecit, idest contempsit,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2488 intima sua, ut scilicet pecuniam lucraretur. Tullius etiam addit
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2489 hoc esse angusti animi, ut scilicet velit pecuniae subiici.</p><p title="II-II q. 118 a. 5 ad 2"><a name="43894"><span class="ref">[43894] IIª-IIae q. 118 a. 5 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2490 dicendum quod Augustinus ibi accipit cupiditatem generaliter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2491 cuiuscumque temporalis boni, non secundum quod specialiter pro
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2492 avaritia accipitur. Cupiditas enim cuiuscumque temporalis boni est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2493 venenum caritatis, inquantum scilicet homo spernit bonum divinum
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2494 propter hoc quod inhaeret bono temporali.</p><p title="II-II q. 118 a. 5 ad 3"><a name="43895"><span class="ref">[43895] IIª-IIae q. 118 a. 5 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2495 dicendum quod aliter est insanabile peccatum in spiritum sanctum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2496 et aliter avaritia. Nam peccatum in spiritum sanctum est insanabile
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2497 ex parte contemptus, puta quia homo contemnit vel misericordiam vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2498 iustitiam divinam, aut aliquid horum per quae hominis peccata
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2499 sanantur. Et ideo talis insanabilitas pertinet ad maiorem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2500 gravitatem peccati. Avaritia vero habet insanabilitatem ex parte
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2501 defectus humani, in quem scilicet semper procedit humana natura,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2502 quia quo aliquis est magis deficiens, eo magis indiget adminiculo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2503 exteriorum rerum, et ideo magis in avaritiam labitur. Unde per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2504 talem insanabilitatem non ostenditur peccatum esse gravius, sed
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2505 quodammodo per hoc est periculosius.</p><p title="II-II q. 118 a. 5 ad 4"><a name="43896"><span class="ref">[43896] IIª-IIae q. 118 a. 5 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2506 dicendum quod avaritia comparatur idololatriae per quandam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2507 similitudinem quam habet ad ipsam, quia sicut idololatra subiicit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2508 se creaturae exteriori, ita etiam et avarus. Non tamen eodem modo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2509 sed idololatra quidem subiicit se creaturae exteriori ut exhibeat
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2510 ei cultum divinum; avarus autem subiicit se creaturae exteriori
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2511 immoderate ipsam concupiscendo ad usum, non ad cultum. Et ideo non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2512 oportet quod avaritia habeat tantam gravitatem quantam habet
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2513 idololatria.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 6</h3><p title="II-II q. 118 a. 6 arg. 1"><a name="43897"><span class="ref">[43897] IIª-IIae q. 118 a. 6 arg. 1</span></a> Ad sextum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2514 sic proceditur. Videtur quod avaritia non sit peccatum spirituale.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2515 Vitia enim spiritualia videntur esse circa spiritualia bona. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2516 materia avaritiae sunt bona corporalia, scilicet exteriores
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2517 divitiae. Ergo avaritia non est peccatum spirituale.</p><p title="II-II q. 118 a. 6 arg. 2"><a name="43898"><span class="ref">[43898] IIª-IIae q. 118 a. 6 arg. 2</span></a>
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2518 Praeterea, peccatum spirituale contra carnale dividitur. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2519 avaritia videtur esse peccatum carnale, sequitur enim corruptionem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2520 carnis; ut patet in senibus, qui propter naturae carnalis defectum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2521 in avaritiam incidunt. Ergo avaritia non est peccatum
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2522 spirituale.</p><p title="II-II q. 118 a. 6 arg. 3"><a name="43899"><span class="ref">[43899] IIª-IIae q. 118 a. 6 arg. 3</span></a>
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2523 Praeterea, peccatum carnale est per quod etiam corpus hominis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2524 deordinatur, secundum illud apostoli, I ad Cor. VI, qui fornicatur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2525 in corpus suum peccat. Sed avaritia etiam hominem corporaliter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2526 vexat, unde et Chrysostomus, Marc. V, comparat avarum daemoniaco,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2527 qui in corpore vexatur. Ergo avaritia non videtur esse peccatum
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2528 spirituale.</p><p title="II-II q. 118 a. 6 s. c."><a name="43900"><span class="ref">[43900] IIª-IIae q. 118 a. 6 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2529 est quod Gregorius, XXXI Moral., computat avaritiam vitiis
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2530 spiritualibus.</p><p title="II-II q. 118 a. 6 co."><a name="43901"><span class="ref">[43901] IIª-IIae q. 118 a. 6 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2531 dicendum quod peccata praecipue in affectu consistunt. Omnes autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2532 affectiones animae, sive passiones, terminantur ad delectationes et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2533 tristitias, ut patet per philosophum, in II Ethic. Delectationum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2534 autem quaedam sunt carnales, et quaedam spirituales. Carnales
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2535 quidem delectationes dicuntur quae in sensu carnis complentur,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2536 sicut delectationes ciborum et venereorum, delectationes vero
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2537 spirituales dicuntur quae complentur in sola animae apprehensione.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2538 Illa ergo peccata dicuntur carnalia quae perficiuntur in carnalibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2539 delectationibus, illa vero dicuntur spiritualia quae perficiuntur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2540 in spiritualibus delectationibus, absque carnali delectatione. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2541 huiusmodi est avaritia, delectatur enim avarus in hoc quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2542 considerat se possessorem divitiarum. Et ideo avaritia est peccatum
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2543 spirituale.</p><p title="II-II q. 118 a. 6 ad 1"><a name="43902"><span class="ref">[43902] IIª-IIae q. 118 a. 6 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2544 ergo dicendum quod avaritia circa corporale obiectum non quaerit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2545 delectationem corporalem, sed solum animalem, prout scilicet homo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2546 delectatur in hoc quod divitias possideat. Et ideo non est peccatum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2547 carnale. Ratione tamen obiecti, medium est inter peccata pure
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2548 spiritualia, quae quaerunt delectationem spiritualem circa obiecta
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2549 spiritualia, sicut superbia est circa excellentiam; et vitia pure
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2550 carnalia, quae quaerunt delectationem pure corporalem circa
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2551 obiectum corporale.</p><p title="II-II q. 118 a. 6 ad 2"><a name="43903"><span class="ref">[43903] IIª-IIae q. 118 a. 6 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2552 dicendum quod motus recipit speciem secundum terminum ad quem, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2553 autem secundum terminum a quo. Et ideo vitium dicitur carnale ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2554 hoc quod tendit in delectationem carnalem, non autem ex eo quod
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2555 procedit ex aliquo defectu carnis.</p><p title="II-II q. 118 a. 6 ad 3"><a name="43904"><span class="ref">[43904] IIª-IIae q. 118 a. 6 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2556 dicendum quod Chrysostomus comparat avarum daemoniaco, non quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2557 vexetur in carne sicut daemoniacus, sed per oppositum, quia sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2558 daemoniacus ille de quo legitur Marc. V, se denudabat, ita avarus
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2559 se superfluis divitiis onerat.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 7</h3><p title="II-II q. 118 a. 7 arg. 1"><a name="43905"><span class="ref">[43905] IIª-IIae q. 118 a. 7 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2560 septimum sic proceditur. Videtur quod avaritia non sit vitium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2561 capitale. Avaritia enim opponitur liberalitati sicut medio, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2562 prodigalitati sicut extremo. Sed neque liberalitas est principalis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2563 virtus, neque prodigalitas vitium capitale. Ergo etiam avaritia non
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2564 debet poni vitium capitale.</p><p title="II-II q. 118 a. 7 arg. 2"><a name="43906"><span class="ref">[43906] IIª-IIae q. 118 a. 7 arg. 2</span></a>
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2565 Praeterea, sicut supra dictum est, illa dicuntur esse vitia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2566 capitalia quae habent principales fines, ad quos ordinantur fines
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2567 aliorum vitiorum. Sed hoc non competit avaritiae, quia divitiae non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2568 habent rationem finis, sed magis rationem eius quod est ad finem,
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2569 ut dicitur in I Ethic. Ergo avaritia non est vitium capitale.</p><p title="II-II q. 118 a. 7 arg. 3"><a name="43907"><span class="ref">[43907] IIª-IIae q. 118 a. 7 arg. 3</span></a>
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2570 Praeterea, Gregorius dicit, in Moral., quod <i>avaritia quandoque
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2571 oritur ex elatione, quandoque per timorem. Dum enim quidam deficere
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2572 sibi ad sumptum necessaria aestimant, mentem ad avaritiam relaxant.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2573 Sunt alii qui, dum potentiores videri appetunt, ad alienarum rerum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2574 ambitum succenduntur</i>. Ergo avaritia magis oritur ab aliis
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2575 vitiis quam ipsa sit vitium capitale respectu aliorum.</p><p title="II-II q. 118 a. 7 s. c."><a name="43908"><span class="ref">[43908] IIª-IIae q. 118 a. 7 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2576 est quod Gregorius, XXXI Moral., ponit avaritiam inter vitia
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2577 capitalia.</p><p title="II-II q. 118 a. 7 co."><a name="43909"><span class="ref">[43909] IIª-IIae q. 118 a. 7 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2578 dicendum quod, sicut supra dictum est, vitium capitale dicitur ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2579 quo alia oriuntur secundum rationem finis; qui cum sit multum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2580 appetibilis, propter eius appetitum homo procedit ad multa facienda
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2581 vel bona vel mala. Finis autem maxime appetibilis est beatitudo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2582 sive felicitas, quae est ultimus finis humanae vitae, ut supra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2583 habitum est. Et ideo quanto aliquid magis participat conditiones
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2584 felicitatis, tanto magis est appetibile. Est autem una de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2585 conditionibus felicitatis ut sit per se sufficiens, alioquin non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2586 quietaret appetitum tanquam ultimus finis. Sed per se sufficientiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2587 maxime repromittunt divitiae, ut Boetius dicit, in III de Consol.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2588 Cuius ratio est quia, sicut philosophus dicit, in V Ethic.,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2589 <i>denario utimur quasi fideiussore ad omnia habenda</i>, et Eccle.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2590 X dicitur quod pecuniae obediunt omnia. Et ideo avaritia, quae
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2591 consistit in appetitu pecuniae, est vitium capitale.</p><p title="II-II q. 118 a. 7 ad 1"><a name="43910"><span class="ref">[43910] IIª-IIae q. 118 a. 7 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2592 ergo dicendum quod virtus perficitur secundum rationem, vitium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2593 autem perficitur secundum inclinationem appetitus sensitivi. Non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2594 autem ad idem genus principaliter respicit ratio, et appetitus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2595 sensitivus. Et ideo non oportet quod principale vitium opponatur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2596 principali virtuti. Unde licet liberalitas non sit principalis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2597 virtus, quia non respicit ad principale bonum rationis; avaritia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2598 tamen est principale vitium, quia respicit ad pecuniam, quae habet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2599 quandam principalitatem inter bona sensibilia, ratione iam dicta.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2600 Prodigalitas autem non ordinatur ad aliquem finem principaliter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2601 appetibilem, sed magis videtur procedere ex defectu rationis. Unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2602 philosophus dicit, in IV Ethic., quod prodigus magis dicitur vanus
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2603 quam malus.</p><p title="II-II q. 118 a. 7 ad 2"><a name="43911"><span class="ref">[43911] IIª-IIae q. 118 a. 7 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2604 dicendum quod pecunia ordinatur quidem ad aliud sicut ad finem,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2605 inquantum tamen utilis est ad omnia sensibilia conquirenda,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2606 continet quodammodo virtute omnia. Et ideo habet quandam
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2607 similitudinem felicitatis, ut dictum est.</p><p title="II-II q. 118 a. 7 ad 3"><a name="43912"><span class="ref">[43912] IIª-IIae q. 118 a. 7 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2608 dicendum quod nihil prohibet vitium capitale interdum a quibusdam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2609 aliis oriri, ut dictum est, dum tamen ex eo alia vitia soleant
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2610 plerumque oriri.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 8</h3><p title="II-II q. 118 a. 8 arg. 1"><a name="43913"><span class="ref">[43913] IIª-IIae q. 118 a. 8 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2611 octavum sic proceditur. Videtur quod non sint avaritiae filiae quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2612 dicuntur, <i>scilicet proditio, fraus, fallacia, periuria,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2613 inquietudo, violentiae, et contra misericordiam obduratio</i>.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2614 Avaritia enim opponitur liberalitati, ut dictum est. Proditio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2615 autem, fraus et fallacia opponuntur prudentiae; periuria religioni;
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2616 inquietudo spei vel caritati, quae quiescit in amato; violentiae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2617 opponuntur iustitiae; obduratio misericordiae. Ergo huiusmodi vitia
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2618 non pertinent ad avaritiam.</p><p title="II-II q. 118 a. 8 arg. 2"><a name="43914"><span class="ref">[43914] IIª-IIae q. 118 a. 8 arg. 2</span></a>
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2619 Praeterea, proditio, dolus et fallacia ad idem pertinere videntur,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2620 scilicet ad proximi deceptionem. Ergo non debent enumerari tanquam
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2621 diversae filiae avaritiae.</p><p title="II-II q. 118 a. 8 arg. 3"><a name="43915"><span class="ref">[43915] IIª-IIae q. 118 a. 8 arg. 3</span></a>
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2622 Praeterea, Isidorus ponit novem filias, quae sunt <i>mendacium,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2623 fraus, furtum, periurium, et turpis lucri appetitus, falsa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2624 testimonia, violentia inhumanitas, rapacitas</i>. Ergo prima
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2625 assignatio filiarum fuit insufficiens.</p><p title="II-II q. 118 a. 8 arg. 4"><a name="43916"><span class="ref">[43916] IIª-IIae q. 118 a. 8 arg. 4</span></a>
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2626 Praeterea, philosophus, in IV Ethic., ponit multa genera vitiorum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2627 pertinentium ad avaritiam, quam illiberalitatem nominat, videlicet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2628 <i>parcos, tenaces, kimibiles, illiberales operationes operantes,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2629 et de meretricio pastos, et usurarios, aleatores, et mortuorum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2630 spoliatores, et latrones</i>. Ergo videtur quod praedicta
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2631 enumeratio sit insufficiens.</p><p title="II-II q. 118 a. 8 arg. 5"><a name="43917"><span class="ref">[43917] IIª-IIae q. 118 a. 8 arg. 5</span></a>
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2632 Praeterea, tyranni maxime violentias subditis inferunt. Dicit autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2633 philosophus, ibidem, quod <i>tyrannos civitates desolantes et sacra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2634 praedantes non dicimus illiberales</i>, idest avaros. Ergo
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2635 violentia non debet poni filia avaritiae.</p><p title="II-II q. 118 a. 8 s. c."><a name="43918"><span class="ref">[43918] IIª-IIae q. 118 a. 8 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2636 est quod Gregorius, XXXI Moral., assignat avaritiae filias prius
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2637 enumeratas.</p><p title="II-II q. 118 a. 8 co."><a name="43919"><span class="ref">[43919] IIª-IIae q. 118 a. 8 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2638 dicendum quod filiae avaritiae dicuntur vitia quae ex ipsa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2639 oriuntur, et praecipue secundum appetitum finis. Quia vero avaritia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2640 est superfluus amor habendi divitias, in duobus excedit. Primo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2641 enim, superabundat in retinendo. Et ex hac parte oritur ex avaritia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2642 obduratio contra misericordiam, quia scilicet cor eius misericordia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2643 non emollitur, ut de divitiis suis subveniat miseris. Secundo, ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2644 avaritiam pertinet superabundare in accipiendo. Et secundum hoc,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2645 avaritia potest considerari dupliciter. Uno modo, secundum quod est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2646 in affectu. Et sic ex avaritia oritur inquietudo, inquantum ingerit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2647 homini sollicitudinem et curas superfluas, avarus enim non impletur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2648 pecunia, ut dicitur Eccle. V. Alio modo, potest considerari in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2649 effectu. Et sic in acquirendo aliena utitur quandoque quidem vi,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2650 quod pertinet ad violentias; quandoque autem dolo. Qui quidem si
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2651 fiat in verbo, erit fallacia, quantum ad simplex verbum; periurium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2652 autem si addatur confirmatio iuramenti. Si autem dolus committatur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2653 in opere, sic, quantum ad res, erit fraus; quantum autem ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2654 personas, proditio, ut patet de Iuda, qui ex avaritia prodidit
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2655 Christum.</p><p title="II-II q. 118 a. 8 ad 1"><a name="43920"><span class="ref">[43920] IIª-IIae q. 118 a. 8 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2656 ergo dicendum quod non oportet filias alicuius peccati capitalis ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2657 idem genus vitii pertinere, quia ad finem unius vitii possunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2658 ordinari etiam peccata alterius generis. Aliud est enim peccatum
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2659 habere filias, et peccatum habere species.</p><p title="II-II q. 118 a. 8 ad 2"><a name="43921"><span class="ref">[43921] IIª-IIae q. 118 a. 8 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2660 dicendum quod illa tria distinguuntur sicut dictum est.</p><p title="II-II q. 118 a. 8 ad 3"><a name="43922"><span class="ref">[43922] IIª-IIae q. 118 a. 8 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2661 dicendum quod illa novem reducuntur ad praedicta septem. Nam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2662 mendacium et falsum testimonium continetur sub fallacia, falsum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2663 enim testimonium est quaedam specificatio mendacii; sicut et furtum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2664 est quaedam specificatio fraudis, unde sub fraude continetur.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2665 Appetitus autem turpis lucri pertinet ad inquietudinem. Rapacitas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2666 autem continetur sub violentia, cum sit species eius. Inhumanitas
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2667 autem est idem quod obduratio contra misericordiam.</p><p title="II-II q. 118 a. 8 ad 4"><a name="43923"><span class="ref">[43923] IIª-IIae q. 118 a. 8 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2668 dicendum quod illa quae ponit Aristoteles sunt illiberalitatis vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2669 avaritiae species magis quam filiae. Potest enim aliquis dici
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2670 illiberalis vel avarus ex eo quod deficit in dando, et si quidem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2671 parum det, vocatur parcus; si autem nihil, tenax; si autem cum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2672 magna difficultate det, vocatur kimibilis, quasi kimini venditor,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2673 quia de parvis magnam vim facit. Quandoque autem aliquis dicitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2674 illiberalis vel avarus quia excedit in accipiendo. Et hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2675 dupliciter. Uno modo, quia turpiter lucratur, vel vilia et servilia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2676 opera exercendo per illiberales operationes; vel quia de aliquibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2677 vitiosis actibus lucratur, sicut de meretricio, vel de aliquo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2678 huiusmodi; vel quia lucratur de eo quod gratis oportet concedere,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2679 sicut usurarii; vel quia lucratur parva cum magno labore. Alio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2680 modo, quia iniuste lucratur, vel vivis vim inferendo, sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2681 latrones; vel mortuos spoliando; vel ab amicis auferendo, sicut
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2682 aleatores.</p><p title="II-II q. 118 a. 8 ad 5"><a name="43924"><span class="ref">[43924] IIª-IIae q. 118 a. 8 ad 5</span></a> Ad quintum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2683 dicendum quod sicut liberalitas est circa mediocres pecunias, ita
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2684 et illiberalitas. Unde tyranni, qui magna per violentiam auferunt,
59 03759e5c1080 fix multi-para s.c. ht parents: 53 diff changeset	2685 non dicuntur illiberales, sed iniusti.</p></div></div><div id="q119" class="q"><h2>Quaestio 119</h2><div class="p"><h3>Prooemium</h3><p title="II-II q. 119 pr."><a name="43925"><span class="ref">[43925] IIª-IIae q. 119 pr.</span></a> Deinde
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2686 considerandum est de prodigalitate. Et circa hoc quaeruntur tria.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2687 Primo, utrum prodigalitas avaritiae opponatur. Secundo, utrum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2688 prodigalitas sit peccatum. Tertio, utrum sit gravius peccatum quam
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2689 avaritia.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 1</h3><p title="II-II q. 119 a. 1 arg. 1"><a name="43926"><span class="ref">[43926] IIª-IIae q. 119 a. 1 arg. 1</span></a> Ad primum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2690 sic proceditur. Videtur quod prodigalitas non opponatur avaritiae.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2691 Opposita enim non possunt esse simul in eodem. Sed aliqui sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2692 simul prodigi et illiberales. Ergo prodigalitas non opponitur
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2693 avaritiae.</p><p title="II-II q. 119 a. 1 arg. 2"><a name="43927"><span class="ref">[43927] IIª-IIae q. 119 a. 1 arg. 2</span></a>
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2694 Praeterea, opposita sunt circa idem. Sed avaritia, secundum quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2695 opponitur liberalitati, est circa passiones quasdam quibus homo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2696 afficitur ad pecuniam. Prodigalitas autem non videtur esse circa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2697 aliquas animae passiones, non enim afficitur circa pecunias, nec
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2698 circa aliquid aliud huiusmodi. Non ergo prodigalitas opponitur
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2699 avaritiae.</p><p title="II-II q. 119 a. 1 arg. 3"><a name="43928"><span class="ref">[43928] IIª-IIae q. 119 a. 1 arg. 3</span></a>
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2700 Praeterea, peccatum principaliter recipit speciem a fine, ut supra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2701 habitum est. Sed prodigalitas semper videtur ordinari ad aliquem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2702 finem illicitum, propter quem bona sua expendit, et praecipue
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2703 propter voluptates, unde et Luc. XV dicitur de filio prodigo quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2704 <i>dissipavit substantiam suam luxuriose vivendo</i>. Ergo videtur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2705 quod prodigalitas opponatur magis temperantiae et insensibilitati
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2706 quam avaritiae et liberalitati.</p><p title="II-II q. 119 a. 1 s. c."><a name="43929"><span class="ref">[43929] IIª-IIae q. 119 a. 1 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2707 est quod philosophus, in II et IV Ethic., ponit prodigalitatem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2708 oppositam liberalitati et illiberalitati, quam nunc avaritiam
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2709 dicimus.</p><p title="II-II q. 119 a. 1 co."><a name="43930"><span class="ref">[43930] IIª-IIae q. 119 a. 1 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2710 dicendum quod in moralibus attenditur oppositio vitiorum ad invicem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2711 et ad virtutem secundum superabundantiam et defectum. Differunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2712 autem avaritia et prodigalitas secundum superabundantiam et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2713 defectum, diversimode. Nam in affectione divitiarum, avarus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2714 superabundat, plus debito eas diligens, prodigus autem deficit,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2715 minus debito earum sollicitudinem gerens. Circa exteriora vero, ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2716 prodigalitatem pertinet excedere quidem in dando, deficere autem in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2717 retinendo et acquirendo, ad avaritiam autem pertinet e contrario
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2718 deficere quidem in dando, superabundare autem in accipiendo et
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2719 retinendo. Unde patet quod prodigalitas avaritiae opponitur.</p><p title="II-II q. 119 a. 1 ad 1"><a name="43931"><span class="ref">[43931] IIª-IIae q. 119 a. 1 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2720 ergo dicendum quod nihil prohibet eidem inesse opposita secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2721 diversa, ab illo tamen aliquid magis denominatur quod est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2722 principalius. Sicut autem in liberalitate, quae medium tenet,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2723 praecipua est datio, ad quam acceptio et retentio ordinantur; ita
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2724 etiam avaritia et prodigalitas praecipue attenduntur secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2725 dationem. Unde ille qui superabundat in dando vocatur prodigus; qui
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2726 autem deficit in dando vocatur avarus. Contingit autem quandoque
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2727 quod aliquis deficit in dando qui tamen non excedit in accipiendo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2728 ut philosophus dicit, in IV Ethic. Similiter etiam contingit quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2729 aliquis excedat in dando, et ex hoc est prodigus; et simul cum hoc,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2730 excedat in accipiendo. Vel ex quadam necessitate, quia, dum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2731 superabundant in dando, deficiunt eis propria bona, unde coguntur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2732 indebite acquirere, quod pertinet ad avaritiam. Vel etiam propter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2733 animi inordinationem, dum enim non dant propter bonum, quasi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2734 contempta virtute, non curant undecumque et qualitercumque
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2735 accipiant. Et sic non secundum idem sunt prodigi et avari.</p><p title="II-II q. 119 a. 1 ad 2"><a name="43932"><span class="ref">[43932] IIª-IIae q. 119 a. 1 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2736 dicendum quod prodigalitas attenditur circa passiones pecuniae non
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2737 sicut superabundans in eis, sed sicut deficiens.</p><p title="II-II q. 119 a. 1 ad 3"><a name="43933"><span class="ref">[43933] IIª-IIae q. 119 a. 1 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2738 dicendum quod prodigus non semper abundat in dando propter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2739 voluptates, circa quas est intemperantia, sed quandoque quidem ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2740 eo quod taliter est dispositus ut divitias non curet; quandoque
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2741 autem propter aliquid aliud. Ut frequentius tamen ad intemperantias
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2742 declinant, tum quia, ex quo superflue expendunt in aliis, etiam in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2743 rebus voluptuosis expendere non verentur, ad quas magis inclinat
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2744 concupiscentia carnis; tum etiam, quia non delectantur in bono
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2745 virtutis, quaerunt sibi delectationes corporales. Et inde est quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2746 philosophus dicit, in IV Ethic., quod <i>multi prodigorum fiunt
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2747 intemperati</i>.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 2</h3><p title="II-II q. 119 a. 2 arg. 1"><a name="43934"><span class="ref">[43934] IIª-IIae q. 119 a. 2 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2748 secundum sic proceditur. Videtur quod prodigalitas non sit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2749 peccatum. Dicit enim apostolus, I ad Tim. ult., <i>radix omnium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2750 malorum est cupiditas</i>. Non autem est radix prodigalitatis, quae
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2751 ei opponitur. Ergo prodigalitas non est peccatum.</p><p title="II-II q. 119 a. 2 arg. 2"><a name="43935"><span class="ref">[43935] IIª-IIae q. 119 a. 2 arg. 2</span></a>
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2752 Praeterea, apostolus, I ad Tim. ult., dicit, <i>divitibus huius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2753 saeculi praecipe facile tribuere, communicare</i>. Sed hoc maxime
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2754 faciunt prodigi. Ergo prodigalitas non est peccatum.</p><p title="II-II q. 119 a. 2 arg. 3"><a name="43936"><span class="ref">[43936] IIª-IIae q. 119 a. 2 arg. 3</span></a>
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2755 Praeterea, ad prodigalitatem pertinet superabundare in datione et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2756 deficere in sollicitudine divitiarum. Sed hoc maxime convenit viris
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2757 perfectis implentibus quod dominus dicit, Matth. VI, <i>nolite
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2758 solliciti esse in crastinum</i>; et XIX, <i>vende omnia quae habes,
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2759 et da pauperibus</i>. Ergo prodigalitas non est peccatum.</p><p title="II-II q. 119 a. 2 s. c."><a name="43937"><span class="ref">[43937] IIª-IIae q. 119 a. 2 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2760 est quod filius prodigus vituperatur de sua prodigalitate, Luc.
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2761 XV.</p><p title="II-II q. 119 a. 2 co."><a name="43938"><span class="ref">[43938] IIª-IIae q. 119 a. 2 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2762 dicendum quod, sicut dictum est, prodigalitas opponitur avaritiae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2763 secundum oppositionem superabundantiae et defectus. Medium autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2764 virtutis per utrumque horum corrumpitur. Ex hoc autem est aliquid
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2765 vitiosum et peccatum quod corrumpit bonum virtutis. Unde
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2766 relinquitur quod prodigalitas sit peccatum.</p><p title="II-II q. 119 a. 2 ad 1"><a name="43939"><span class="ref">[43939] IIª-IIae q. 119 a. 2 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2767 ergo dicendum quod illud verbum apostoli quidam exponunt non de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2768 cupiditate actuali, sed de quadam habituali cupiditate, quae est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2769 concupiscentia fomitis, ex qua omnia peccata oriuntur. Alii vero
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2770 dicunt quod loquitur de cupiditate generali respectu cuiuscumque
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2771 boni. Et sic manifestum est quod etiam prodigalitas ex cupiditate
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2772 oritur, prodigus enim aliquod bonum temporale cupit consequi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2773 inordinate; vel placere aliis, vel saltem satisfacere suae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2774 voluntati in dando. Sed si quis recte consideret, apostolus ibi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2775 loquitur, ad litteram, de cupiditate divitiarum, nam supra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2776 praemiserat, qui volunt divites fieri, et cetera. Et sic dicitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2777 esse avaritia radix omnium malorum, non quia omnia mala semper ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2778 avaritia oriantur, sed quia nullum malum est quod non interdum ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2779 avaritia oriatur. Unde et prodigalitas quandoque ex avaritia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2780 nascitur, sicut cum aliquis prodige multa consumit intentione
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2781 captandi favorem aliquorum, a quibus divitias accipiat.</p><p title="II-II q. 119 a. 2 ad 2"><a name="43940"><span class="ref">[43940] IIª-IIae q. 119 a. 2 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2782 dicendum quod apostolus monet divites ut facile tribuant et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2783 communicent sua secundum quod oportet. Quod non faciunt prodigi,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2784 quia, ut philosophus dicit, in IV Ethic., <i>dationes eorum non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2785 sunt bonae, neque boni gratia, neque secundum quod oportet, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2786 quandoque dant multa illis quos oporteret pauperes esse, scilicet
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2787 histrionibus et adulatoribus, bonis autem nihil darent</i>.</p><p title="II-II q. 119 a. 2 ad 3"><a name="43941"><span class="ref">[43941] IIª-IIae q. 119 a. 2 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2788 dicendum quod superexcessus prodigalitatis non attenditur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2789 principaliter secundum quantitatem dati, sed magis inquantum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2790 excedit id quod fieri oportet. Unde quandoque liberalis maiora dat
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2791 quam prodigus, si necessarium sit. Sic ergo dicendum est quod illi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2792 qui, intentione sequendi Christum, omnia sua dant, et ab animo suo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2793 omnem temporalium sollicitudinem removent, non sunt prodigi, sed
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2794 perfecte liberales.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 3</h3><p title="II-II q. 119 a. 3 arg. 1"><a name="43942"><span class="ref">[43942] IIª-IIae q. 119 a. 3 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2795 tertium sic proceditur. Videtur quod prodigalitas sit gravius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2796 peccatum quam avaritia. Per avaritiam enim aliquis nocet proximo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2797 cui bona sua non communicat. Per prodigalitatem autem aliquis sibi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2798 ipsi nocet, dicit enim philosophus, in IV Ethic., quod <i>corruptio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2799 divitiarum, per quas homo vivit, est quaedam ipsius esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2800 perditio</i>. Gravius autem peccat qui sibi ipsi nocet, secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2801 illud Eccli. XIV, <i>qui sibi nequam est, cui bonus erit?</i> Ergo
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2802 prodigalitas erit gravius peccatum quam avaritia.</p><p title="II-II q. 119 a. 3 arg. 2"><a name="43943"><span class="ref">[43943] IIª-IIae q. 119 a. 3 arg. 2</span></a>
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2803 Praeterea, inordinatio quae provenit cum aliqua conditione
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2804 laudabili, minus est vitiosa. Sed inordinatio avaritiae quandoque
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2805 est cum aliqua laudabili conditione, ut patet in illis qui nolunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2806 sua expendere nec aliena accipere. Prodigalitatis autem inordinatio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2807 provenit cum conditione vituperabili, unde et prodigalitatem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2808 attribuimus intemperatis hominibus, ut philosophus dicit, in IV
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2809 Ethic. Ergo prodigalitas est gravius vitium quam avaritia.</p><p title="II-II q. 119 a. 3 arg. 3"><a name="43944"><span class="ref">[43944] IIª-IIae q. 119 a. 3 arg. 3</span></a>
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2810 Praeterea, prudentia est praecipua inter morales virtutes, ut supra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2811 habitum est. Sed prodigalitas magis opponitur prudentiae quam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2812 avaritia, dicitur enim Prov. XXI, <i>thesaurus desiderabilis et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2813 oleum in tabernaculo iusti, et imprudens homo dissipabit illud</i>;
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2814 et philosophus dicit, in IV Ethic., quod <i>insipientis est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2815 superabundanter dare et non accipere</i>. Ergo prodigalitas est
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2816 gravius peccatum quam avaritia.</p><p title="II-II q. 119 a. 3 s. c."><a name="43945"><span class="ref">[43945] IIª-IIae q. 119 a. 3 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2817 est quod philosophus dicit, in IV Ethic., quod prodigus multum
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2818 videtur melior illiberali.</p><p title="II-II q. 119 a. 3 co."><a name="43946"><span class="ref">[43946] IIª-IIae q. 119 a. 3 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2819 dicendum quod prodigalitas, secundum se considerata, minus peccatum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2820 est quam avaritia. Et hoc triplici ratione. Primo quidem, quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2821 avaritia magis differt a virtute opposita. Magis enim ad liberalem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2822 pertinet dare, in quo superabundat prodigus, quam accipere vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2823 retinere, in quo superabundat avarus. Secundo, quia prodigus est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2824 multis utilis, quibus dat, avarus autem nulli, sed nec sibi ipsi,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2825 ut dicitur in IV Ethic. Tertio, quia prodigalitas est facile
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2826 sanabilis. Et per hoc quod declinat ad aetatem senectutis, quae est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2827 contraria prodigalitati. Et per hoc quod pervenit ad egestatem de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2828 facili, dum multa inutiliter consumit, et sic, pauper factus, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2829 potest in dando superabundare. Et etiam quia de facili perducitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2830 ad virtutem, propter similitudinem quam habet ad ipsam. Sed avarus
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2831 non de facili sanatur, ratione supradicta.</p><p title="II-II q. 119 a. 3 ad 1"><a name="43947"><span class="ref">[43947] IIª-IIae q. 119 a. 3 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2832 ergo dicendum quod differentia prodigi et avari non attenditur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2833 secundum hoc quod est peccare in seipsum, et in alium. Nam prodigus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2834 peccat in seipsum, dum bona sua consumit, unde vivere debet, peccat
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2835 etiam in alterum, consumendo bona ex quibus aliis deberet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2836 providere. Et praecipue hoc apparet in clericis, qui sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2837 dispensatores bonorum Ecclesiae, quae sunt pauperum, quos
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2838 defraudant prodige expendendo. Similiter etiam avarus peccat in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2839 alios, inquantum deficit in dationibus, peccat etiam in seipsum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2840 inquantum deficit in sumptibus; unde dicitur Eccle. VI, <i>vir cui
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2841 Deus dedit divitias, nec tribuit ei potestatem ut comedat ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2842 eis</i>. Sed tamen in hoc superabundat prodigus, quia sic sibi et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2843 quibusdam aliis nocet quod tamen aliquibus prodest. Avarus autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2844 nec sibi nec aliis prodest, quia non audet uti etiam ad suam
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2845 utilitatem bonis suis.</p><p title="II-II q. 119 a. 3 ad 2"><a name="43948"><span class="ref">[43948] IIª-IIae q. 119 a. 3 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2846 dicendum quod cum de vitiis communiter loquimur, iudicamus de eis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2847 secundum proprias rationes ipsorum, sicut circa prodigalitatem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2848 attendimus quod superflue consumit divitias, circa avaritiam vero
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2849 quod superflue eas retinet. Quod autem aliquis propter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2850 intemperantiam superflue consumat, hoc iam nominat simul multa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2851 peccata, unde et tales prodigi sunt peiores, ut dicitur IV Ethic.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2852 Quod autem illiberalis sive avarus abstineat ab accipiendis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2853 alienis, etsi in se laudabile videatur, tamen ex causa propter quam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2854 facit, vituperabile est, dum ideo non vult ab aliis accipere ne
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2855 cogatur aliis dare.</p><p title="II-II q. 119 a. 3 ad 3"><a name="43949"><span class="ref">[43949] IIª-IIae q. 119 a. 3 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2856 dicendum quod omnia vitia prudentiae opponuntur, sicut et omnes
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2857 virtutes a prudentia diriguntur. Et ideo vitium ex hoc ipso quod
59 03759e5c1080 fix multi-para s.c. ht parents: 53 diff changeset	2858 opponitur soli prudentiae, levius reputatur.</p></div></div><div id="q120" class="q"><h2>Quaestio 120</h2><div class="p"><h3>Prooemium</h3><p title="II-II q. 120 pr."><a name="43950"><span class="ref">[43950] IIª-IIae q. 120 pr.</span></a> Deinde
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2859 considerandum est de epieikeia. Circa quam quaeruntur duo. Primo,
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2860 utrum epieikeia sit virtus. Secundo, utrum sit pars iustitiae.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 1</h3><p title="II-II q. 120 a. 1 arg. 1"><a name="43951"><span class="ref">[43951] IIª-IIae q. 120 a. 1 arg. 1</span></a> Ad primum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2861 sic proceditur. Videtur quod epieikeia non sit virtus. Nulla enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2862 virtus aufert aliam virtutem. Sed epieikeia aufert aliam virtutem,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2863 quia et tollit id quod iustum est secundum legem; et opponi videtur
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2864 severitati. Ergo epieikeia non est virtus.</p><p title="II-II q. 120 a. 1 arg. 2"><a name="43952"><span class="ref">[43952] IIª-IIae q. 120 a. 1 arg. 2</span></a>
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2865 Praeterea, Augustinus dicit, in libro de vera Relig., <i>in istis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2866 temporalibus legibus, quanquam de his homines iudicent cum eas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2867 instituunt, tamen cum fuerint institutae et firmatae, non licebit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2868 iudici de ipsis iudicare, sed secundum ipsas</i>. Sed epieikes
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2869 videtur iudicare de lege, quando eam aestimat non esse servandam in
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2870 aliquo casu. Ergo epieikeia magis est vitium quam virtus.</p><p title="II-II q. 120 a. 1 arg. 3"><a name="43953"><span class="ref">[43953] IIª-IIae q. 120 a. 1 arg. 3</span></a>
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2871 Praeterea, ad epieikeiam videtur pertinere ut attendat ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2872 intentionem legislatoris, ut philosophus dicit, in V Ethic. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2873 interpretari intentionem legislatoris ad solum principem pertinet,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2874 unde imperator dicit, in codice, de legibus et Constitut. Princip.,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2875 <i>inter aequitatem iusque interpositam interpretationem nobis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2876 solis et oportet et licet inspicere</i>. Ergo actus epieikeiae est
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2877 illicitus. Non ergo epieikeia est virtus.</p><p title="II-II q. 120 a. 1 s. c."><a name="43954"><span class="ref">[43954] IIª-IIae q. 120 a. 1 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2878 est quod philosophus, in V Ethic., ponit eam virtutem.</p><p title="II-II q. 120 a. 1 co."><a name="43955"><span class="ref">[43955] IIª-IIae q. 120 a. 1 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2879 dicendum quod, sicut supra dictum est, cum de legibus ageretur,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2880 quia humani actus, de quibus leges dantur, in singularibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2881 contingentibus consistunt, quae infinitis modis variari possunt,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2882 non fuit possibile aliquam regulam legis institui quae in nullo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2883 casu deficeret, sed legislatores attendunt ad id quod in pluribus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2884 accidit, secundum hoc legem ferentes; quam tamen in aliquibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2885 casibus servare est contra aequalitatem iustitiae, et contra bonum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2886 commune, quod lex intendit. Sicut lex instituit quod deposita
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2887 reddantur, quia hoc ut in pluribus iustum est, contingit tamen
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2888 aliquando esse nocivum, puta si furiosus deposuit gladium et eum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2889 reposcat dum est in furia, vel si aliquis reposcat depositum ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2890 patriae impugnationem. In his ergo et similibus casibus malum esset
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2891 sequi legem positam, bonum autem est, praetermissis verbis legis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2892 sequi id quod poscit iustitiae ratio et communis utilitas. Et ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2893 hoc ordinatur epieikeia, quae apud nos dicitur aequitas. Unde patet
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2894 quod epieikeia est virtus.</p><p title="II-II q. 120 a. 1 ad 1"><a name="43956"><span class="ref">[43956] IIª-IIae q. 120 a. 1 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2895 ergo dicendum quod epieikes non deserit iustum simpliciter, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2896 iustum quod est lege determinatum. Nec etiam opponitur severitati,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2897 quae sequitur veritatem legis in quibus oportet, sequi autem verba
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2898 legis in quibus non oportet, vitiosum est. Unde dicitur in codice,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2899 de legibus et Constit. Princip., <i>non dubium est in legem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2900 committere eum qui, verba legis amplexus, contra legis nititur
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2901 voluntatem</i>.</p><p title="II-II q. 120 a. 1 ad 2"><a name="43957"><span class="ref">[43957] IIª-IIae q. 120 a. 1 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2902 dicendum quod ille de lege iudicat qui dicit eam non esse bene
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2903 positam. Qui vero dicit verba legis non esse in hoc casu servanda,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2904 non iudicat de lege, sed de aliquo particulari negotio quod
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2905 occurrit.</p><p title="II-II q. 120 a. 1 ad 3"><a name="43958"><span class="ref">[43958] IIª-IIae q. 120 a. 1 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2906 dicendum quod interpretatio locum habet in dubiis, in quibus non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2907 licet, absque determinatione principis, a verbis legis recedere.
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2908 Sed in manifestis non est opus interpretatione, sed executione.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 2</h3><p title="II-II q. 120 a. 2 arg. 1"><a name="43959"><span class="ref">[43959] IIª-IIae q. 120 a. 2 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2909 secundum sic proceditur. Videtur quod epieikeia non sit pars
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2910 iustitiae. Ut enim ex praedictis patet, duplex est iustitia, una
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2911 particularis, et alia legalis. Sed epieikeia non est pars iustitiae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2912 particularis, quia se extendit ad omnes virtutes, sicut et iustitia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2913 legalis. Similiter etiam non est pars iustitiae legalis, quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2914 operatur praeter id quod lege positum est. Ergo videtur quod
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2915 epieikeia non sit pars iustitiae.</p><p title="II-II q. 120 a. 2 arg. 2"><a name="43960"><span class="ref">[43960] IIª-IIae q. 120 a. 2 arg. 2</span></a>
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2916 Praeterea, virtus principalior non assignatur virtuti minus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2917 principali ut pars, cardinalibus enim virtutibus, quasi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2918 principalibus, assignantur secundariae virtutes ut partes. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2919 epieikeia videtur esse principalior virtus quam iustitia, ut ipsum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2920 nomen sonat, dicitur enim ab epi, quod est supra, et dikaion, quod
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2921 est iustum. Ergo epieikeia non est pars iustitiae.</p><p title="II-II q. 120 a. 2 arg. 3"><a name="43961"><span class="ref">[43961] IIª-IIae q. 120 a. 2 arg. 3</span></a>
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2922 Praeterea, videtur quod epieikeia sit idem quod modestia. Nam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2923 Philipp. IV, ubi dicitur, modestia vestra nota sit omnibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2924 hominibus, in Graeco habetur epieikeia. Sed secundum Tullium,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2925 modestia est pars temperantiae. Ergo epieikeia non est pars
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2926 iustitiae.</p><p title="II-II q. 120 a. 2 s. c."><a name="43962"><span class="ref">[43962] IIª-IIae q. 120 a. 2 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2927 est quod philosophus dicit, in V Ethic., quod <i>epieikes est
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2928 quoddam iustum</i>.</p><p title="II-II q. 120 a. 2 co."><a name="43963"><span class="ref">[43963] IIª-IIae q. 120 a. 2 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2929 dicendum quod, sicut supra dictum est, virtus aliqua habet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2930 triplicem partem, scilicet partem subiectivam, integralem et quasi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2931 potentialem. Pars autem subiectiva est de qua essentialiter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2932 praedicatur totum, et est in minus. Quod quidem contingit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2933 dupliciter, quandoque enim aliquid praedicatur de pluribus secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2934 unam rationem, sicut animal de equo et bove; quandoque autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2935 praedicatur secundum prius et posterius, sicut ens praedicatur de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2936 substantia et accidente. Epieikeia ergo est pars iustitiae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2937 communiter dictae, tanquam iustitia quaedam existens, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2938 philosophus dicit, in V Ethic. Unde patet quod epieikeia est pars
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2939 subiectiva iustitiae. Et de ea iustitia per prius dicitur quam de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2940 legali, nam legalis iustitia dirigitur secundum epieikeiam. Unde
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2941 epieikeia est quasi superior regula humanorum actuum.</p><p title="II-II q. 120 a. 2 ad 1"><a name="43964"><span class="ref">[43964] IIª-IIae q. 120 a. 2 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2942 ergo dicendum quod epieikeia correspondet proprie iustitiae legali,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2943 et quodammodo continetur sub ea, et quodammodo excedit eam. Si enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2944 iustitia legalis dicatur quae obtemperat legi sive quantum ad verba
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2945 legis sive quantum ad intentionem legislatoris, quae potior est,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2946 sic epieikeia est pars potior legalis iustitiae. Si vero iustitia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2947 legalis dicatur solum quae obtemperat legi secundum verba legis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2948 sic epieikeia non est pars legalis iustitiae, sed est pars
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2949 iustitiae communiter dictae, contra iustitiam legalem divisa sicut
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2950 excedens ipsam.</p><p title="II-II q. 120 a. 2 ad 2"><a name="43965"><span class="ref">[43965] IIª-IIae q. 120 a. 2 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2951 dicendum quod, sicut philosophus dicit, in V Ethic., epieikeia est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2952 melior quadam iustitia, scilicet legali quae observat verba legis.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2953 Quia tamen et ipsa est iustitia quaedam, non est melior omni
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2954 iustitia.</p><p title="II-II q. 120 a. 2 ad 3"><a name="43966"><span class="ref">[43966] IIª-IIae q. 120 a. 2 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2955 dicendum quod ad epieikeiam pertinet aliquid moderari, scilicet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2956 observantiam verborum legis. Sed modestia quae ponitur pars
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2957 temperantiae, moderatur exteriorem hominis vitam, puta in incessu
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2958 vel habitu, vel aliis huiusmodi. Potest tamen esse quod nomen
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2959 epieikeiae, apud Graecos, per quandam similitudinem transfertur ad
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2960 omnes moderationes.</p></div></div><div class="centro"><br/>
59 03759e5c1080 fix multi-para s.c. ht parents: 53 diff changeset	2961 <p><a href="sth3106.html"><img src="icons/ageretro.gif" width="19" height="19" align="middle" border="0" alt="age retro"/></a>
03759e5c1080 fix multi-para s.c. ht parents: 53 diff changeset	2962 <a href="sth3121.html"><img src="icons/ageultra.gif" width="19" height="19" align="middle" border="0" alt="age ultra"/></a></p>
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2963 <br/>
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2964 <hr/>
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2965 <br/>
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2966 <address>© 2006 Fundación Tomás de Aquino quoad
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2967 hanc editionem<br/>
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2968 Iura omnia asservantur<br/>
59 03759e5c1080 fix multi-para s.c. ht parents: 53 diff changeset	2969 OCLC nr. <a href="http://worldcatlibraries.org/wcpa/oclc/49644264" style="text-decoration=none">49644264</a></address>
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2970 </div></body>
59 03759e5c1080 fix multi-para s.c. ht parents: 53 diff changeset	2971 </html>

Mercurial > hg > Aquinas

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