Aquinas: summa/latin/sth1075.html annotate

annotate summa/latin/sth1075.html @ 90:f5ba56cfd1ca

started

author	ht
date	Sun, 16 Jun 2013 14:47:31 +0000
parents	d777cc3962f2
children

rev	line source
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2 <!DOCTYPE html
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	3 PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "file:///c:/cygwin/usr/local/share/lib/xml/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	4 <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="LA" lang="LA">
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5 <head>
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	6 <meta content="HTML Tidy for Windows (vers 1st February 2005), see www.w3.org" name="generator"/>
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	7 <meta content="text/html; charset=us-ascii" http-equiv="Content-Type"/>
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	8 <meta content="text/css" http-equiv="Content-Style-Type"/>
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	9 <meta content="text/javascript" http-equiv="Content-Script-Type"/>
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	10 <meta content="Thomas de Aquino, Summa Theologiae, Corpus Thomisticum" name="keywords"/>
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	11 <meta content="Latin" name="language"/>
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	12 <meta content="public" name="security"/>
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	13 <meta content="ealarcon@unav.es" name="owner"/>
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	14 <meta content="Enrique Alarcón" name="author"/>
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	15 <meta content="" name="abstract"/>
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	16 <link type="text/css" href="vscreen.css" media="screen" rel="stylesheet"/>
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	17 <link type="text/css" href="vprint.css" media="print" rel="stylesheet"/>
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	18 <title>Thomas de Aquino, Summa Theologiae, Iª q. 75-76</title>
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	19 </head>
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	20 <body><a href="http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/"/><div class="tres">CORPUS THOMISTICUM</div><div class="uno">Sancti Thomae de Aquino</div><div class="uno">Summa Theologiae</div><div class="dos">prima pars a quaestione LXXV ad quaestionem
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	21 LXXVI</div><div class="centro">
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	22 <table summary="Imago" align="center">
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	23 <tr>
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	24 <th><img align="middle" alt="Thomas de Aquino a Justo Ghent depictus" border="0" height="190" width="120" src="icons/ghent190.jpg"/></th>
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	25 </tr>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	26 </table>
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	27 <br/>
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	28 <span class="tres">Textum Leoninum Romae 1889 editum<br/>
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	29 ac automato translatum a Roberto Busa SJ in taenias
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	30 magneticas<br/>
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	31 denuo recognovit Enrique Alarcón atque instruxit<br/>
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	32 <br/></span><br/>
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	33 <hr/>
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	34 <br/>
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	35 <p><a href="sth1065.html"><img alt="age retro" border="0" align="middle" height="19" width="19" src="icons/ageretro.gif"/></a>
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	36 <a href="sth1077.html"><img alt="age ultra" border="0" align="middle" height="19" width="19" src="icons/ageultra.gif"/></a></p>
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	37 <script type="text/javascript" language="JavaScript">
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	38 //
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	39 <!--
26 4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	40 // original code by Bill Trefzger 12/12/96; revised by Enrique Alarcon 12/9/2000
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	41 function go(){if(document.selecter.select1.options[document.selecter.select1.selectedIndex].value !="none"){location=document.selecter.select1.options[document.selecter.select1.selectedIndex].value}}
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	42 document.write('<FORM NAME="selecter"><SELECT NAME="select1">');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	43 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="none">INDEX');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	44 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="none">------------------------------------------------');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	45 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="index.html">Corpus Thomisticum');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	46 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="iopera.html">Opera omnia');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	47 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="zbiblia.html">Bibliographia Thomistica');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	48 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="none">------------------------------------------------');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	49 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#31447">I&ordf; q. 75 pr.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	50 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#31448">I&ordf; q. 75 a. 1 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	51 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#31449">I&ordf; q. 75 a. 1 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	52 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#31450">I&ordf; q. 75 a. 1 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	53 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#31451">I&ordf; q. 75 a. 1 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	54 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#31452">I&ordf; q. 75 a. 1 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	55 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#31453">I&ordf; q. 75 a. 1 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	56 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#31454">I&ordf; q. 75 a. 1 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	57 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#31455">I&ordf; q. 75 a. 1 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	58 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#31456">I&ordf; q. 75 a. 2 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	59 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#31457">I&ordf; q. 75 a. 2 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	60 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#31458">I&ordf; q. 75 a. 2 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	61 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#31459">I&ordf; q. 75 a. 2 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	62 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#31460">I&ordf; q. 75 a. 2 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	63 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#31461">I&ordf; q. 75 a. 2 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	64 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#31462">I&ordf; q. 75 a. 2 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	65 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#31463">I&ordf; q. 75 a. 2 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	66 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#31464">I&ordf; q. 75 a. 3 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	67 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#31465">I&ordf; q. 75 a. 3 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	68 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#31466">I&ordf; q. 75 a. 3 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	69 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#31467">I&ordf; q. 75 a. 3 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	70 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#31468">I&ordf; q. 75 a. 3 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	71 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#31469">I&ordf; q. 75 a. 3 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	72 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#31470">I&ordf; q. 75 a. 3 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	73 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#31471">I&ordf; q. 75 a. 3 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	74 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#31472">I&ordf; q. 75 a. 4 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	75 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#31473">I&ordf; q. 75 a. 4 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	76 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#31474">I&ordf; q. 75 a. 4 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	77 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#31475">I&ordf; q. 75 a. 4 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	78 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#31476">I&ordf; q. 75 a. 4 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	79 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#31477">I&ordf; q. 75 a. 4 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	80 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#31478">I&ordf; q. 75 a. 5 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	81 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#31479">I&ordf; q. 75 a. 5 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	82 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#31480">I&ordf; q. 75 a. 5 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	83 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#31481">I&ordf; q. 75 a. 5 arg. 4');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	84 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#31482">I&ordf; q. 75 a. 5 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	85 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#31483">I&ordf; q. 75 a. 5 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	86 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#31484">I&ordf; q. 75 a. 5 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	87 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#31485">I&ordf; q. 75 a. 5 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	88 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#31486">I&ordf; q. 75 a. 5 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	89 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#31487">I&ordf; q. 75 a. 5 ad 4');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	90 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#31488">I&ordf; q. 75 a. 6 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	91 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#31489">I&ordf; q. 75 a. 6 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	92 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#31490">I&ordf; q. 75 a. 6 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	93 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#31491">I&ordf; q. 75 a. 6 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	94 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#31492">I&ordf; q. 75 a. 6 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	95 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#31493">I&ordf; q. 75 a. 6 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	96 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#31494">I&ordf; q. 75 a. 6 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	97 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#31495">I&ordf; q. 75 a. 6 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	98 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#31496">I&ordf; q. 75 a. 7 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	99 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#31497">I&ordf; q. 75 a. 7 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	100 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#31498">I&ordf; q. 75 a. 7 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	101 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#31499">I&ordf; q. 75 a. 7 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	102 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#31500">I&ordf; q. 75 a. 7 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	103 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#31501">I&ordf; q. 75 a. 7 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	104 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#31502">I&ordf; q. 75 a. 7 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	105 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#31503">I&ordf; q. 75 a. 7 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	106 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#31504">I&ordf; q. 76 pr.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	107 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#31505">I&ordf; q. 76 a. 1 arg. 1');
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d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	113 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#31511">I&ordf; q. 76 a. 1 s. c.');
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d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	115 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#31513">I&ordf; q. 76 a. 1 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	116 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#31514">I&ordf; q. 76 a. 1 ad 2');
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d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	118 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#31516">I&ordf; q. 76 a. 1 ad 5');
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d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	120 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#31518">I&ordf; q. 76 a. 2 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	121 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#31519">I&ordf; q. 76 a. 2 arg. 2');
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d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	124 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#31522">I&ordf; q. 76 a. 2 arg. 5');
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d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	133 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#31531">I&ordf; q. 76 a. 2 ad 6');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	134 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#31532">I&ordf; q. 76 a. 3 arg. 1');
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d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	169 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#31567">I&ordf; q. 76 a. 6 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	170 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#31568">I&ordf; q. 76 a. 6 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	171 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#31569">I&ordf; q. 76 a. 6 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	172 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#31570">I&ordf; q. 76 a. 7 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	173 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#31571">I&ordf; q. 76 a. 7 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	174 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#31572">I&ordf; q. 76 a. 7 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	175 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#31573">I&ordf; q. 76 a. 7 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	176 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#31574">I&ordf; q. 76 a. 7 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	177 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#31575">I&ordf; q. 76 a. 7 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	178 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#31576">I&ordf; q. 76 a. 7 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	179 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#31577">I&ordf; q. 76 a. 7 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	180 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#31578">I&ordf; q. 76 a. 8 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	181 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#31579">I&ordf; q. 76 a. 8 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	182 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#31580">I&ordf; q. 76 a. 8 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	183 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#31581">I&ordf; q. 76 a. 8 arg. 4');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	184 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#31582">I&ordf; q. 76 a. 8 arg. 5');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	185 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#31583">I&ordf; q. 76 a. 8 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	186 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#31584">I&ordf; q. 76 a. 8 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	187 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#31585">I&ordf; q. 76 a. 8 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	188 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#31586">I&ordf; q. 76 a. 8 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	189 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#31587">I&ordf; q. 76 a. 8 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	190 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#31588">I&ordf; q. 76 a. 8 ad 4');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	191 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#31589">I&ordf; q. 76 a. 8 ad 5');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	192 document.write('<\/SELECT>');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	193 document.write('<BR><BR>');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	194 document.write('<INPUT TYPE="button" VALUE="Agedum" ONCLICK="go()">');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	195 document.write('<\/FORM>');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	196 // -->
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	197 //
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	198 </script><br/>
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	199 <hr/>
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	200 <br/></div><div class="q" id="q75"><h2>Quaestio 75</h2><div class="p"><h3>Prooemium</h3><p title="I q. 75 pr."><a name="31447"><span class="ref">[31447]
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	201 Iª q. 75 pr.</span></a> Post considerationem creaturae
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	202 spiritualis et corporalis, considerandum est de homine, qui ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	203 spirituali et corporali substantia componitur. Et primo, de natura
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	204 ipsius hominis; secundo, de eius productione. Naturam autem hominis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	205 considerare pertinet ad theologum ex parte animae, non autem ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	206 parte corporis, nisi secundum habitudinem quam habet corpus ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	207 animam. Et ideo prima consideratio circa animam versabitur. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	208 quia, secundum Dionysium, XI cap. Angel. Hier., tria inveniuntur in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	209 substantiis spiritualibus, scilicet essentia, virtus et operatio;
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	210 primo considerabimus ea quae pertinent ad essentiam animae;
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	211 secundo, ea quae pertinent ad virtutem sive potentias eius; tertio,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	212 ea quae pertinent ad operationem eius. Circa primum duplex occurrit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	213 consideratio, quarum prima est de ipsa anima secundum se; secunda,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	214 de unione eius ad corpus. Circa primum quaeruntur septem. Primo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	215 utrum anima sit corpus. Secundo, utrum anima humana sit aliquid
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	216 subsistens. Tertio, utrum animae brutorum sint subsistentes.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	217 Quarto, utrum anima sit homo; vel magis homo sit aliquid compositum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	218 ex anima et corpore. Quinto, utrum sit composita ex materia et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	219 forma. Sexto, utrum anima humana sit incorruptibilis. Septimo,
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	220 utrum anima sit eiusdem speciei cum Angelo.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 1</h3><p title="I q. 75 a. 1 arg. 1"><a name="31448"><span class="ref">[31448] Iª q. 75 a. 1 arg. 1</span></a> Ad primum sic
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	221 proceditur. Videtur quod anima sit corpus. Anima enim est motor
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	222 corporis. Non autem est movens non motum. Tum quia videtur quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	223 nihil possit movere nisi moveatur, quia nihil dat alteri quod non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	224 habet, sicut quod non est calidum non calefacit. Tum quia, si
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	225 aliquid est movens non motum, causat motum sempiternum et eodem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	226 modo se habentem, ut probatur in VIII Physic., quod non apparet in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	227 motu animalis, qui est ab anima. Ergo anima est movens motum. Sed
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	228 omne movens motum est corpus. Ergo anima est corpus.</p><p title="I q. 75 a. 1 arg. 2"><a name="31449"><span class="ref">[31449] Iª q. 75 a. 1 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea, omnis
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	229 cognitio fit per aliquam similitudinem. Non potest autem esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	230 similitudo corporis ad rem incorpoream. Si igitur anima non esset
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	231 corpus, non posset cognoscere res corporeas.</p><p title="I q. 75 a. 1 arg. 3"><a name="31450"><span class="ref">[31450] Iª q. 75 a. 1 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	232 moventis ad motum oportet esse aliquem contactum. Contactus autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	233 non est nisi corporum. Cum igitur anima moveat corpus, videtur quod
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	234 anima sit corpus.</p><p title="I q. 75 a. 1 s. c."><a name="31451"><span class="ref">[31451] Iª q. 75 a. 1 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	235 quod Augustinus dicit, VI de Trin., quod <i>anima simplex dicitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	236 respectu corporis, quia mole non diffunditur per spatium
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	237 loci</i>.</p><p title="I q. 75 a. 1 co."><a name="31452"><span class="ref">[31452] Iª q. 75 a. 1 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	238 quod ad inquirendum de natura animae, oportet praesupponere quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	239 anima dicitur esse primum principium vitae in his quae apud nos
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	240 vivunt animata enim viventia dicimus, res vero inanimatas vita
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	241 carentes. Vita autem maxime manifestatur duplici opere, scilicet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	242 cognitionis et motus. Horum autem principium antiqui philosophi,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	243 imaginationem transcendere non valentes, aliquod corpus ponebant;
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	244 sola corpora res esse dicentes, et quod non est corpus, nihil esse.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	245 Et secundum hoc, animam aliquod corpus esse dicebant. Huius autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	246 opinionis falsitas licet multipliciter ostendi possit tamen uno
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	247 utemur, quo et communius et certius patet animam corpus non esse.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	248 Manifestum est enim quod non quodcumque vitalis operationis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	249 principium est anima, sic enim oculus esset anima, cum sit quoddam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	250 principium visionis; et idem esset dicendum de aliis animae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	251 instrumentis. Sed primum principium vitae dicimus esse animam.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	252 Quamvis autem aliquod corpus possit esse quoddam principium vitae,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	253 sicut cor est principium vitae in animali; tamen non potest esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	254 primum principium vitae aliquod corpus. Manifestum est enim quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	255 esse principium vitae, vel vivens, non convenit corpori ex hoc quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	256 est corpus, alioquin omne corpus esset vivens, aut principium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	257 vitae. Convenit igitur alicui corpori quod sit vivens, vel etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	258 principium vitae, per hoc quod est tale corpus. Quod autem est actu
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	259 tale, habet hoc ab aliquo principio quod dicitur actus eius. Anima
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	260 igitur, quae est primum principium vitae, non est corpus, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	261 corporis actus, sicut calor, qui est principium calefactionis, non
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	262 est corpus, sed quidam corporis actus.</p><p title="I q. 75 a. 1 ad 1"><a name="31453"><span class="ref">[31453] Iª q. 75 a. 1 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	263 dicendum quod, cum omne quod movetur ab alio moveatur, quod non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	264 potest in infinitum procedere, necesse est dicere quod non omne
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	265 movens movetur. Cum enim moveri sit exire de potentia in actum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	266 movens dat id quod habet mobili, inquantum facit ipsum esse in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	267 actu. Sed sicut ostenditur in VIII Physic., est quoddam movens
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	268 penitus immobile, quod nec per se nec per accidens movetur, et tale
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	269 movens potest movere motum semper uniformem. Est autem aliud
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	270 movens, quod non movetur per se, sed movetur per accidens, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	271 propter hoc non movet motum semper uniformem. Et tale movens est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	272 anima. Est autem aliud movens, quod per se movetur, scilicet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	273 corpus. Et quia antiqui naturales nihil esse credebant nisi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	274 corpora, posuerunt quod omne movens movetur, et quod anima per se
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	275 movetur, et est corpus.</p><p title="I q. 75 a. 1 ad 2"><a name="31454"><span class="ref">[31454] Iª q. 75 a. 1 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	276 dicendum quod non est necessarium quod similitudo rei cognitae sit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	277 actu in natura cognoscentis, sed si aliquid sit quod prius est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	278 cognoscens in potentia et postea in actu, oportet quod similitudo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	279 cogniti non sit actu in natura cognoscentis, sed in potentia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	280 tantum; sicut color non est actu in pupilla, sed in potentia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	281 tantum. Unde non oportet quod in natura animae sit similitudo rerum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	282 corporearum in actu; sed quod sit in potentia ad huiusmodi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	283 similitudines. Sed quia antiqui naturales nesciebant distinguere
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	284 inter actum et potentiam, ponebant animam esse corpus, ad hoc quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	285 cognosceret corpus; et ad hoc quod cognosceret omnia corpora, quod
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	286 esset composita ex principiis omnium corporum.</p><p title="I q. 75 a. 1 ad 3"><a name="31455"><span class="ref">[31455] Iª q. 75 a. 1 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	287 dicendum quod est duplex contactus, quantitatis et virtutis. Primo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	288 modo, corpus non tangitur nisi a corpore. Secundo modo, corpus
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	289 potest tangi a re incorporea quae movet corpus.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 2</h3><p title="I q. 75 a. 2 arg. 1"><a name="31456"><span class="ref">[31456] Iª q. 75 a. 2 arg. 1</span></a> Ad secundum sic
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	290 proceditur. Videtur quod anima humana non sit aliquid subsistens.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	291 Quod enim est subsistens, dicitur hoc aliquid. Anima autem non est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	292 hoc aliquid, sed compositum ex anima et corpore. Ergo anima non est
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	293 aliquid subsistens.</p><p title="I q. 75 a. 2 arg. 2"><a name="31457"><span class="ref">[31457] Iª q. 75 a. 2 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea, omne
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	294 quod est subsistens, potest dici operari. Sed anima non dicitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	295 operari, quia, ut dicitur in I de anima, <i>dicere animam sentire
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	296 aut intelligere, simile est ac si dicat eam aliquis texere vel
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	297 aedificare</i>. Ergo anima non est aliquid subsistens.</p><p title="I q. 75 a. 2 arg. 3"><a name="31458"><span class="ref">[31458] Iª q. 75 a. 2 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea, si
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	298 anima esset aliquid subsistens, esset aliqua eius operatio sine
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	299 corpore. Sed nulla est eius operatio sine corpore, nec etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	300 intelligere, quia non contingit intelligere sine phantasmate,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	301 phantasma autem non est sine corpore. Ergo anima humana non est
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	302 aliquid subsistens.</p><p title="I q. 75 a. 2 s. c."><a name="31459"><span class="ref">[31459] Iª q. 75 a. 2 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	303 quod Augustinus dicit, X de Trin. <i>Quisquis videt mentis naturam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	304 et esse substantiam, et non esse corpoream, videt eos qui opinantur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	305 eam esse corpoream, ob hoc errare, quod adiungunt ei ea sine quibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	306 nullam possunt cogitare naturam, scilicet corporum phantasias</i>.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	307 Natura ergo mentis humanae non solum est incorporea, sed etiam
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	308 substantia, scilicet aliquid subsistens.</p><p title="I q. 75 a. 2 co."><a name="31460"><span class="ref">[31460] Iª q. 75 a. 2 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	309 quod necesse est dicere id quod est principium intellectualis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	310 operationis, quod dicimus animam hominis, esse quoddam principium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	311 incorporeum et subsistens. Manifestum est enim quod homo per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	312 intellectum cognoscere potest naturas omnium corporum. Quod autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	313 potest cognoscere aliqua, oportet ut nihil eorum habeat in sua
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	314 natura, quia illud quod inesset ei naturaliter impediret
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	315 cognitionem aliorum; sicut videmus quod lingua infirmi quae infecta
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	316 est cholerico et amaro humore, non potest percipere aliquid dulce,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	317 sed omnia videntur ei amara. Si igitur principium intellectuale
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	318 haberet in se naturam alicuius corporis, non posset omnia corpora
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	319 cognoscere. Omne autem corpus habet aliquam naturam determinatam.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	320 Impossibile est igitur quod principium intellectuale sit corpus. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	321 similiter impossibile est quod intelligat per organum corporeum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	322 quia etiam natura determinata illius organi corporei prohiberet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	323 cognitionem omnium corporum; sicut si aliquis determinatus color
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	324 sit non solum in pupilla, sed etiam in vase vitreo, liquor infusus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	325 eiusdem coloris videtur. Ipsum igitur intellectuale principium,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	326 quod dicitur mens vel intellectus, habet operationem per se, cui
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	327 non communicat corpus. Nihil autem potest per se operari, nisi quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	328 per se subsistit. Non enim est operari nisi entis in actu, unde eo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	329 modo aliquid operatur, quo est. Propter quod non dicimus quod calor
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	330 calefacit, sed calidum. Relinquitur igitur animam humanam, quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	331 dicitur intellectus vel mens, esse aliquid incorporeum et
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	332 subsistens.</p><p title="I q. 75 a. 2 ad 1"><a name="31461"><span class="ref">[31461] Iª q. 75 a. 2 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	333 dicendum quod hoc aliquid potest accipi dupliciter, uno modo, pro
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	334 quocumque subsistente, alio modo, pro subsistente completo in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	335 natura alicuius speciei. Primo modo, excludit inhaerentiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	336 accidentis et formae materialis, secundo modo, excludit etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	337 imperfectionem partis. Unde manus posset dici hoc aliquid primo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	338 modo, sed non secundo modo. Sic igitur, cum anima humana sit pars
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	339 speciei humanae, potest dici hoc aliquid primo modo, quasi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	340 subsistens, sed non secundo modo, sic enim compositum ex anima et
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	341 corpore dicitur hoc aliquid.</p><p title="I q. 75 a. 2 ad 2"><a name="31462"><span class="ref">[31462] Iª q. 75 a. 2 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	342 dicendum quod verba illa Aristoteles dicit non secundum propriam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	343 sententiam, sed secundum opinionem illorum qui dicebant quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	344 intelligere est moveri; ut patet ex iis quae ibi praemittit. Vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	345 dicendum quod per se agere convenit per se existenti. Sed per se
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	346 existens quandoque potest dici aliquid si non sit inhaerens ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	347 accidens vel ut forma materialis, etiam si sit pars. Sed proprie et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	348 per se subsistens dicitur quod neque est praedicto modo inhaerens,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	349 neque est pars. Secundum quem modum oculus aut manus non posset
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	350 dici per se subsistens; et per consequens nec per se operans. Unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	351 et operationes partium attribuuntur toti per partes. Dicimus enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	352 quod homo videt per oculum, et palpat per manum, aliter quam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	353 calidum calefacit per calorem, quia calor nullo modo calefacit,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	354 proprie loquendo. Potest igitur dici quod anima intelligit, sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	355 oculus videt, sed magis proprie dicitur quod homo intelligat per
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	356 animam.</p><p title="I q. 75 a. 2 ad 3"><a name="31463"><span class="ref">[31463] Iª q. 75 a. 2 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	357 dicendum quod corpus requiritur ad actionem intellectus, non sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	358 organum quo talis actio exerceatur, sed ratione obiecti, phantasma
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	359 enim comparatur ad intellectum sicut color ad visum. Sic autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	360 indigere corpore non removet intellectum esse subsistentem,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	361 alioquin animal non esset aliquid subsistens, cum indigeat
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	362 exterioribus sensibilibus ad sentiendum.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 3</h3><p title="I q. 75 a. 3 arg. 1"><a name="31464"><span class="ref">[31464] Iª q. 75 a. 3 arg. 1</span></a> Ad tertium sic
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	363 proceditur. Videtur quod animae brutorum animalium sint
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	364 subsistentes. Homo enim convenit in genere cum aliis animalibus.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	365 Sed anima hominis est aliquid subsistens, ut ostensum est. Ergo et
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	366 animae aliorum animalium sunt subsistentes.</p><p title="I q. 75 a. 3 arg. 2"><a name="31465"><span class="ref">[31465] Iª q. 75 a. 3 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	367 similiter se habet sensitivum ad sensibilia, sicut intellectivum et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	368 intelligibilia. Sed intellectus intelligit intelligibilia sine
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	369 corpore. Ergo et sensus apprehendit sensibilia sine corpore. Animae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	370 autem brutorum animalium sunt sensitivae. Ergo sunt subsistentes,
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	371 pari ratione qua et anima hominis, quae est intellectiva.</p><p title="I q. 75 a. 3 arg. 3"><a name="31466"><span class="ref">[31466] Iª q. 75 a. 3 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	372 brutorum animalium anima movet corpus. Corpus autem non movet, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	373 movetur. Anima ergo bruti animalis habet aliquam operationem sine
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	374 corpore.</p><p title="I q. 75 a. 3 s. c."><a name="31467"><span class="ref">[31467] Iª q. 75 a. 3 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	375 quod dicitur in libro de Eccl. Dogmat., <i>solum hominem credimus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	376 habere animam substantivam; animalium vero animae non sunt
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	377 substantivae</i>.</p><p title="I q. 75 a. 3 co."><a name="31468"><span class="ref">[31468] Iª q. 75 a. 3 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	378 quod antiqui philosophi nullam distinctionem ponebant inter sensum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	379 et intellectum, et utrumque corporeo principio attribuebant, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	380 dictum est. Plato autem distinxit inter intellectum et sensum;
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	381 utrumque tamen attribuit principio incorporeo, ponens quod, sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	382 intelligere, ita et sentire convenit animae secundum seipsam. Et ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	383 hoc sequebatur quod etiam animae brutorum animalium sint
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	384 subsistentes. Sed Aristoteles posuit quod solum intelligere, inter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	385 opera animae, sine organo corporeo exercetur. Sentire vero, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	386 consequentes operationes animae sensitivae, manifeste accidunt cum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	387 aliqua corporis immutatione; sicut in videndo immutatur pupilla per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	388 speciem coloris; et idem apparet in aliis. Et sic manifestum est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	389 quod anima sensitiva non habet aliquam operationem propriam per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	390 seipsam, sed omnis operatio sensitivae animae est coniuncti. Ex quo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	391 relinquitur quod, cum animae brutorum animalium per se non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	392 operentur, non sint subsistentes, similiter enim unumquodque habet
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	393 esse et operationem.</p><p title="I q. 75 a. 3 ad 1"><a name="31469"><span class="ref">[31469] Iª q. 75 a. 3 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	394 dicendum quod homo, etsi conveniat in genere cum aliis animalibus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	395 specie tamen differt, differentia autem speciei attenditur secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	396 differentiam formae. Nec oportet quod omnis differentia formae
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	397 faciat generis diversitatem.</p><p title="I q. 75 a. 3 ad 2"><a name="31470"><span class="ref">[31470] Iª q. 75 a. 3 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	398 dicendum quod sensitivum quodammodo se habet ad sensibilia sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	399 intellectivum ad intelligibilia, inquantum scilicet utrumque est in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	400 potentia ad sua obiecta. Sed quodammodo dissimiliter se habent,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	401 inquantum sensitivum patitur a sensibili cum corporis immutatione,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	402 unde excellentia sensibilium corrumpit sensum. Quod in intellectu
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	403 non contingit, nam intellectus intelligens maxima intelligibilium,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	404 magis potest postmodum intelligere minora. Si vero in intelligendo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	405 fatigetur corpus, hoc est per accidens, in quantum intellectus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	406 indiget operatione virium sensitivarum, per quas ei phantasmata
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	407 praeparantur.</p><p title="I q. 75 a. 3 ad 3"><a name="31471"><span class="ref">[31471] Iª q. 75 a. 3 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	408 dicendum quod vis motiva est duplex. Una quae imperat motum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	409 scilicet appetitiva. Et huius operatio in anima sensitiva non est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	410 sine corpore; sed ira et gaudium et omnes huiusmodi passiones sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	411 cum aliqua corporis immutatione. Alia vis motiva est exequens
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	412 motum, per quam membra redduntur habilia ad obediendum appetitui,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	413 cuius actus non est movere, sed moveri. Unde patet quod movere non
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	414 est actus animae sensitivae sine corpore.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 4</h3><p title="I q. 75 a. 4 arg. 1"><a name="31472"><span class="ref">[31472] Iª q. 75 a. 4 arg. 1</span></a> Ad quartum sic
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	415 proceditur. Videtur quod anima sit homo. Dicitur enim II ad Cor.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	416 IV, <i>licet is qui foris est noster homo corrumpatur, tamen is qui
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	417 intus est, renovatur de die in diem</i>. Sed id quod est intus in
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	418 homine, est anima. Ergo anima est homo interior.</p><p title="I q. 75 a. 4 arg. 2"><a name="31473"><span class="ref">[31473] Iª q. 75 a. 4 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea, anima
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	419 humana est substantia quaedam. Non autem est substantia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	420 universalis. Ergo est substantia particularis. Ergo est hypostasis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	421 vel persona. Sed non nisi humana. Ergo anima est homo, nam persona
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	422 humana est homo.</p><p title="I q. 75 a. 4 s. c."><a name="31474"><span class="ref">[31474] Iª q. 75 a. 4 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	423 quod Augustinus, XIX de Civ. Dei, commendat Varronem, <i>qui
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	424 hominem nec animam solam, nec solum corpus, sed animam simul et
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	425 corpus esse arbitrabatur</i>.</p><p title="I q. 75 a. 4 co."><a name="31475"><span class="ref">[31475] Iª q. 75 a. 4 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	426 quod animam esse hominem dupliciter potest intelligi. Uno modo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	427 quod homo sit anima, sed hic homo non sit anima, sed compositum ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	428 anima et corpore, puta Socrates. Quod ideo dico, quia quidam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	429 posuerunt solam formam esse de ratione speciei, materiam vero esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	430 partem individui, et non speciei. Quod quidem non potest esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	431 verum. Nam ad naturam speciei pertinet id quod significat
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	432 definitio. Definitio autem in rebus naturalibus non significat
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	433 formam tantum, sed formam et materiam. Unde materia est pars
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	434 speciei in rebus naturalibus, non quidem materia signata, quae est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	435 principium individuationis; sed materia communis. Sicut enim de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	436 ratione huius hominis est quod sit ex hac anima et his carnibus et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	437 his ossibus; ita de ratione hominis est quod sit ex anima et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	438 carnibus et ossibus. Oportet enim de substantia speciei esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	439 quidquid est communiter de substantia omnium individuorum sub
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	440 specie contentorum. Alio vero modo potest intelligi sic, quod etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	441 haec anima sit hic homo. Et hoc quidem sustineri posset, si
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	442 poneretur quod animae sensitivae operatio esset eius propria sine
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	443 corpore, quia omnes operationes quae attribuuntur homini,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	444 convenirent soli animae; illud autem est unaquaeque res, quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	445 operatur operationes illius rei. Unde illud est homo, quod operatur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	446 operationes hominis. Ostensum est autem quod sentire non est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	447 operatio animae tantum. Cum igitur sentire sit quaedam operatio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	448 hominis, licet non propria, manifestum est quod homo non est anima
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	449 tantum, sed est aliquid compositum ex anima et corpore. Plato vero,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	450 ponens sentire esse proprium animae, ponere potuit quod homo esset
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	451 anima utens corpore.</p><p title="I q. 75 a. 4 ad 1"><a name="31476"><span class="ref">[31476] Iª q. 75 a. 4 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	452 dicendum quod, secundum philosophum in IX Ethic., illud potissime
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	453 videtur esse unumquodque, quod est principale in ipso, sicut quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	454 facit rector civitatis, dicitur civitas facere. Et hoc modo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	455 aliquando quod est principale in homine, dicitur homo, aliquando
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	456 quidem pars intellectiva, secundum rei veritatem, quae dicitur homo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	457 interior; aliquando vero pars sensitiva cum corpore, secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	458 aestimationem quorundam, qui solum circa sensibilia detinentur. Et
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	459 hic dicitur homo exterior.</p><p title="I q. 75 a. 4 ad 2"><a name="31477"><span class="ref">[31477] Iª q. 75 a. 4 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	460 dicendum quod non quaelibet substantia particularis est hypostasis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	461 vel persona, sed quae habet completam naturam speciei. Unde manus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	462 vel pes non potest dici hypostasis vel persona. Et similiter nec
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	463 anima, cum sit pars speciei humanae.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 5</h3><p title="I q. 75 a. 5 arg. 1"><a name="31478"><span class="ref">[31478] Iª q. 75 a. 5 arg. 1</span></a> Ad quintum sic
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	464 proceditur. Videtur quod anima sit composita ex materia et forma.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	465 Potentia enim contra actum dividitur. Sed omnia quaecumque sunt in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	466 actu, participant primum actum, qui Deus est; per cuius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	467 participationem omnia sunt et bona et entia et viventia, ut patet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	468 per doctrinam Dionysii in libro de Div. Nom. Ergo quaecumque sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	469 in potentia, participant primam potentiam. Sed prima potentia est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	470 materia prima. Cum ergo anima humana sit quodammodo in potentia,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	471 quod apparet ex hoc quod homo quandoque est intelligens in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	472 potentia; videtur quod anima humana participet materiam primam
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	473 tanquam partem sui.</p><p title="I q. 75 a. 5 arg. 2"><a name="31479"><span class="ref">[31479] Iª q. 75 a. 5 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea, in
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	474 quocumque inveniuntur proprietates materiae, ibi invenitur materia.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	475 Sed in anima inveniuntur proprietates materiae, quae sunt subiici
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	476 et transmutari, subiicitur enim scientiae et virtuti, et mutatur de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	477 ignorantia ad scientiam, et de vitio ad virtutem. Ergo in anima est
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	478 materia.</p><p title="I q. 75 a. 5 arg. 3"><a name="31480"><span class="ref">[31480] Iª q. 75 a. 5 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea, illa
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	479 quae non habent materiam, non habent causam sui esse, ut dicitur in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	480 VIII Metaphys. Sed anima habet causam sui esse, quia creatur a Deo.
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	481 Ergo anima habet materiam.</p><p title="I q. 75 a. 5 arg. 4"><a name="31481"><span class="ref">[31481] Iª q. 75 a. 5 arg. 4</span></a> Praeterea, quod
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	482 non habet materiam, sed est forma tantum, est actus purus et
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	483 infinitus. Hoc autem solius Dei est. Ergo anima habet materiam.</p><p title="I q. 75 a. 5 s. c."><a name="31482"><span class="ref">[31482] Iª q. 75 a. 5 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	484 quod Augustinus probat, in VII super Gen. ad Litt., quod anima non
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	485 est facta nec ex materia corporali, nec ex materia spirituali.</p><p title="I q. 75 a. 5 co."><a name="31483"><span class="ref">[31483] Iª q. 75 a. 5 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	486 quod anima non habet materiam. Et hoc potest considerari
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	487 dupliciter. Primo quidem, ex ratione animae in communi. Est enim de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	488 ratione animae, quod sit forma alicuius corporis. Aut igitur est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	489 forma secundum se totam; aut secundum aliquam partem sui. Si
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	490 secundum se totam, impossibile est quod pars eius sit materia, si
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	491 dicatur materia aliquod ens in potentia tantum, quia forma,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	492 inquantum forma, est actus; id autem quod est in potentia tantum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	493 non potest esse pars actus, cum potentia repugnet actui, utpote
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	494 contra actum divisa. Si autem sit forma secundum aliquam partem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	495 sui, illam partem, dicemus esse animam, et illam materiam cuius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	496 primo est actus, dicemus esse primum animatum. Secundo, specialiter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	497 ex ratione humanae animae, inquantum est intellectiva. Manifestum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	498 est enim quod omne quod recipitur in aliquo, recipitur in eo per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	499 modum recipientis. Sic autem cognoscitur unumquodque, sicut forma
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	500 eius est in cognoscente anima autem intellectiva cognoscit rem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	501 aliquam in sua natura absolute, puta lapidem inquantum est lapis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	502 absolute. Est igitur forma lapidis absolute, secundum propriam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	503 rationem formalem, in anima intellectiva. Anima igitur intellectiva
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	504 est forma absoluta, non autem aliquid compositum ex materia et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	505 forma. Si enim anima intellectiva esset composita ex materia et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	506 forma, formae rerum reciperentur in ea ut individuales, et sic non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	507 cognosceret nisi singulare, sicut accidit in potentiis sensitivis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	508 quae recipiunt formas rerum in organo corporali, materia enim est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	509 principium individuationis formarum. Relinquitur ergo quod anima
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	510 intellectiva, et omnis intellectualis substantia cognoscens formas
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	511 absolute, caret compositione formae et materiae.</p><p title="I q. 75 a. 5 ad 1"><a name="31484"><span class="ref">[31484] Iª q. 75 a. 5 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	512 dicendum quod primus actus est universale principium omnium actuum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	513 quia est infinitum, virtualiter in se omnia praehabens, ut dicit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	514 Dionysius. Unde participatur a rebus, non sicut pars, sed secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	515 diffusionem processionis ipsius. Potentia autem, cum sit receptiva
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	516 actus, oportet quod actui proportionetur. Actus vero recepti, qui
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	517 procedunt a primo actu infinito et sunt quaedam participationes
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	518 eius, sunt diversi. Unde non potest esse potentia una quae recipiat
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	519 omnes actus, sicut est unus actus influens omnes actus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	520 participatos, alioquin potentia receptiva adaequaret potentiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	521 activam primi actus. Est autem alia potentia receptiva in anima
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	522 intellectiva, a potentia receptiva materiae primae, ut patet ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	523 diversitate receptorum, nam materia prima recipit formas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	524 individuales, intellectus autem recipit formas absolutas. Unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	525 talis potentia in anima intellectiva existens, non ostendit quod
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	526 anima sit composita ex materia et forma.</p><p title="I q. 75 a. 5 ad 2"><a name="31485"><span class="ref">[31485] Iª q. 75 a. 5 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	527 dicendum quod subiici et transmutari convenit materiae secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	528 quod est in potentia. Sicut ergo est alia potentia intellectus, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	529 alia potentia materiae primae, ita est alia ratio subiiciendi et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	530 transmutandi. Secundum hoc enim intellectus subiicitur scientiae,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	531 et transmutatur de ignorantia ad scientiam, secundum quod est in
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	532 potentia ad species intelligibiles.</p><p title="I q. 75 a. 5 ad 3"><a name="31486"><span class="ref">[31486] Iª q. 75 a. 5 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	533 dicendum quod forma est causa essendi materiae, et agens, unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	534 agens, inquantum reducit materiam in actum formae transmutando, est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	535 ei causa essendi. Si quid autem est forma subsistens, non habet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	536 esse per aliquod formale principium, nec habet causam transmutantem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	537 de potentia in actum. Unde post verba praemissa, philosophus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	538 concludit quod in his quae sunt composita ex materia et forma,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	539 <i>nulla est alia causa nisi movens ex potestate ad actum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	540 quaecumque vero non habent materiam, omnia simpliciter sunt quod
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	541 vere entia aliquid</i>.</p><p title="I q. 75 a. 5 ad 4"><a name="31487"><span class="ref">[31487] Iª q. 75 a. 5 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	542 dicendum quod omne participatum comparatur ad participans ut actus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	543 eius. Quaecumque autem forma creata per se subsistens ponatur,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	544 oportet quod participet esse, quia etiam ipsa vita, vel quidquid
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	545 sic diceretur, participat ipsum esse, ut dicit Dionysius, V cap. de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	546 Div. Nom. Esse autem participatum finitur ad capacitatem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	547 participantis. Unde solus Deus, qui est ipsum suum esse, est actus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	548 purus et infinitus. In substantiis vero intellectualibus est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	549 compositio ex actu et potentia; non quidem ex materia et forma, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	550 ex forma et esse participato. Unde a quibusdam dicuntur componi ex
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	551 quo est et quod est, ipsum enim esse est quo aliquid est.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 6</h3><p title="I q. 75 a. 6 arg. 1"><a name="31488"><span class="ref">[31488] Iª q. 75 a. 6 arg. 1</span></a> Ad sextum sic
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	552 proceditur. Videtur quod anima humana sit corruptibilis. Quorum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	553 enim est simile principium et similis processus, videtur esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	554 similis finis. Sed simile est principium generationis hominum et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	555 iumentorum, quia de terra facta sunt. Similis est etiam vitae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	556 processus in utrisque, quia <i>similiter spirant omnia, et nihil
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	557 habet homo iumento amplius</i>, ut dicitur Eccle. III. Ergo, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	558 ibidem concluditur, <i>unus est interitus hominis et iumentorum, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	559 aequa utriusque conditio</i>. Sed anima brutorum animalium est
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	560 corruptibilis. Ergo et anima humana est corruptibilis.</p><p title="I q. 75 a. 6 arg. 2"><a name="31489"><span class="ref">[31489] Iª q. 75 a. 6 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea, omne
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	561 quod est ex nihilo, vertibile est in nihilum, quia finis debet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	562 respondere principio. Sed sicut dicitur Sap. II, <i>ex nihilo nati
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	563 sumus</i>, quod verum est non solum quantum ad corpus, sed etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	564 quantum ad animam. Ergo ut ibidem concluditur, post hoc erimus
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	565 tanquam non fuerimus, etiam secundum animam.</p><p title="I q. 75 a. 6 arg. 3"><a name="31490"><span class="ref">[31490] Iª q. 75 a. 6 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea, nulla
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	566 res est sine propria operatione. Sed propria operatio animae, quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	567 est intelligere cum phantasmate, non potest esse sine corpore,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	568 nihil enim sine phantasmate intelligit anima; phantasma autem non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	569 est sine corpore, ut dicitur in libro de anima. Ergo anima non
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	570 potest remanere, destructo corpore.</p><p title="I q. 75 a. 6 s. c."><a name="31491"><span class="ref">[31491] Iª q. 75 a. 6 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	571 quod Dionysius dicit, IV cap. de Div. Nom., quod animae humanae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	572 habent ex bonitate divina quod sint intellectuales et quod habeant
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	573 substantialem vitam inconsumptibilem.</p><p title="I q. 75 a. 6 co."><a name="31492"><span class="ref">[31492] Iª q. 75 a. 6 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	574 quod necesse est dicere animam humanam, quam dicimus intellectivum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	575 principium, esse incorruptibilem. Dupliciter enim aliquid
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	576 corrumpitur, uno modo, per se; alio modo, per accidens. Impossibile
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	577 est autem aliquid subsistens generari aut corrumpi per accidens,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	578 idest aliquo generato vel corrupto. Sic enim competit alicui
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	579 generari et corrumpi, sicut et esse, quod per generationem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	580 acquiritur et per corruptionem amittitur. Unde quod per se habet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	581 esse, non potest generari vel corrumpi nisi per se, quae vero non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	582 subsistunt, ut accidentia et formae materiales, dicuntur fieri et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	583 corrumpi per generationem et corruptionem compositorum. Ostensum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	584 est autem supra quod animae brutorum non sunt per se subsistentes,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	585 sed sola anima humana. Unde animae brutorum corrumpuntur, corruptis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	586 corporibus, anima autem humana non posset corrumpi, nisi per se
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	587 corrumperetur. Quod quidem omnino est impossibile non solum de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	588 ipsa, sed de quolibet subsistente quod est forma tantum. Manifestum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	589 est enim quod id quod secundum se convenit alicui, est inseparabile
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	590 ab ipso. Esse autem per se convenit formae, quae est actus. Unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	591 materia secundum hoc acquirit esse in actu, quod acquirit formam,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	592 secundum hoc autem accidit in ea corruptio, quod separatur forma ab
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	593 ea. Impossibile est autem quod forma separetur a seipsa. Unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	594 impossibile est quod forma subsistens desinat esse. Dato etiam quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	595 anima esset ex materia et forma composita, ut quidam dicunt, adhuc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	596 oporteret ponere eam incorruptibilem. Non enim invenitur corruptio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	597 nisi ubi invenitur contrarietas, generationes enim et corruptiones
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	598 ex contrariis et in contraria sunt; unde corpora caelestia, quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	599 non habent materiam contrarietati subiectam, incorruptibilia sunt.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	600 In anima autem intellectiva non potest esse aliqua contrarietas.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	601 Recipit enim secundum modum sui esse, ea vero quae in ipsa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	602 recipiuntur, sunt absque contrarietate; quia etiam rationes
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	603 contrariorum in intellectu non sunt contrariae, sed est una
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	604 scientia contrariorum. Impossibile est ergo quod anima intellectiva
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	605 sit corruptibilis. Potest etiam huius rei accipi signum ex hoc,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	606 quod unumquodque naturaliter suo modo esse desiderat. Desiderium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	607 autem in rebus cognoscentibus sequitur cognitionem. Sensus autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	608 non cognoscit esse nisi sub hic et nunc, sed intellectus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	609 apprehendit esse absolute, et secundum omne tempus. Unde omne
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	610 habens intellectum naturaliter desiderat esse semper. Naturale
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	611 autem desiderium non potest esse inane. Omnis igitur intellectualis
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	612 substantia est incorruptibilis.</p><p title="I q. 75 a. 6 ad 1"><a name="31493"><span class="ref">[31493] Iª q. 75 a. 6 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	613 dicendum quod Salomon inducit rationem illam ex persona
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	614 insipientium, ut exprimitur Sap. II. Quod ergo dicitur quod homo et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	615 alia animalia habent simile generationis principium, verum est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	616 quantum ad corpus, similiter enim de terra facta sunt omnia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	617 animalia. Non autem quantum ad animam, nam anima brutorum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	618 producitur ex virtute aliqua corporea, anima vero humana a Deo. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	619 ad hoc significandum dicitur Gen., quantum ad alia animalia,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	620 producat terra animam viventem, quantum vero ad hominem, dicitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	621 quod inspiravit in faciem eius spiraculum vitae. Et ideo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	622 concluditur Eccle. ult., <i>revertatur pulvis in terram suam, unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	623 erat, et spiritus redeat ad Deum qui dedit illum</i>. Similiter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	624 processus vitae est similis quantum ad corpus; ad quod pertinet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	625 quod dicitur in Eccle., <i>similiter spirant omnia</i>; et Sap. II,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	626 <i>fumus et flatus est in naribus nostris</i> et cetera. Sed non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	627 est similis processus quantum ad animam, quia homo intelligit, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	628 autem animalia bruta. Unde falsum est quod dicitur, nihil habet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	629 homo iumento amplius. Et ideo similis est interitus quantum ad
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	630 corpus, sed non quantum ad animam.</p><p title="I q. 75 a. 6 ad 2"><a name="31494"><span class="ref">[31494] Iª q. 75 a. 6 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	631 dicendum quod, sicut posse creari dicitur aliquid non per potentiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	632 passivam, sed solum per potentiam activam creantis, qui ex nihilo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	633 potest aliquid producere; ita cum dicitur aliquid vertibile in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	634 nihil, non importatur in creatura potentia ad non esse, sed in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	635 creatore potentia ad hoc quod esse non influat. Dicitur autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	636 aliquid corruptibile per hoc, quod inest ei potentia ad non
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	637 esse.</p><p title="I q. 75 a. 6 ad 3"><a name="31495"><span class="ref">[31495] Iª q. 75 a. 6 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	638 dicendum quod intelligere cum phantasmate est propria operatio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	639 animae secundum quod corpori est unita. Separata autem a corpore
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	640 habebit alium modum intelligendi, similem aliis substantiis a
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	641 corpore separatis, ut infra melius patebit.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 7</h3><p title="I q. 75 a. 7 arg. 1"><a name="31496"><span class="ref">[31496] Iª q. 75 a. 7 arg. 1</span></a> Ad septimum sic
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	642 proceditur. Videtur quod anima et Angelus sint unius speciei.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	643 Unumquodque enim ordinatur ad proprium finem per naturam suae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	644 speciei, per quam habet inclinationem ad finem. Sed idem est finis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	645 animae et Angeli, scilicet beatitudo aeterna. Ergo sunt unius
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	646 speciei.</p><p title="I q. 75 a. 7 arg. 2"><a name="31497"><span class="ref">[31497] Iª q. 75 a. 7 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	647 ultima differentia specifica est nobilissima, quia complet rationem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	648 speciei. Sed nihil est nobilius in Angelo et anima quam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	649 intellectuale esse. Ergo conveniunt anima et Angelus in ultima
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	650 differentia specifica. Ergo sunt unius speciei.</p><p title="I q. 75 a. 7 arg. 3"><a name="31498"><span class="ref">[31498] Iª q. 75 a. 7 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea, anima
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	651 ab Angelo differre non videtur nisi per hoc, quod est corpori
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	652 unita. Corpus autem, cum sit extra essentiam animae, non videtur ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	653 eius speciem pertinere. Ergo anima et Angelus sunt unius
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	654 speciei.</p><p title="I q. 75 a. 7 s. c."><a name="31499"><span class="ref">[31499] Iª q. 75 a. 7 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	655 quorum sunt diversae operationes naturales, ipsa differunt specie.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	656 Sed animae et Angeli sunt diversae operationes naturales, quia ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	657 dicit Dionysius, VII cap. de Div. Nom., <i>mentes angelicae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	658 simplices et beatos intellectus habent, non de visibilibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	659 congregantes divinam cognitionem</i>; cuius contrarium postmodum de
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	660 anima dicit. Anima igitur et Angelus non sunt unius speciei.</p><p title="I q. 75 a. 7 co."><a name="31500"><span class="ref">[31500] Iª q. 75 a. 7 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	661 quod Origenes posuit omnes animas humanas et Angelos esse unius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	662 speciei. Et hoc ideo, quia posuit diversitatem gradus in huiusmodi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	663 substantiis inventam, accidentalem, utpote ex libero arbitrio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	664 provenientem, ut supra dictum est. Quod non potest esse, quia in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	665 substantiis incorporeis non potest esse diversitas secundum numerum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	666 absque diversitate secundum speciem, et absque naturali
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	667 inaequalitate. Quia si non sint compositae ex materia et forma, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	668 sint formae subsistentes, manifestum est quod necesse erit in eis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	669 esse diversitatem in specie. Non enim potest intelligi quod aliqua
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	670 forma separata sit nisi una unius speciei, sicut si esset albedo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	671 separata, non posset esse nisi una tantum; haec enim albedo non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	672 differt ab illa nisi per hoc, quod est huius vel illius. Diversitas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	673 autem secundum speciem semper habet diversitatem naturalem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	674 concomitantem, sicut in speciebus colorum unus est perfectior
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	675 altero, et similiter in aliis. Et hoc ideo, quia differentiae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	676 dividentes genus sunt contrariae; contraria autem se habent
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	677 secundum perfectum et imperfectum, quia principium contrarietatis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	678 est privatio et habitus ut dicitur in X Metaphys. Idem etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	679 sequeretur, si huiusmodi substantiae essent compositae ex materia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	680 et forma. Si enim materia huius distinguitur a materia illius,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	681 necesse est quod vel forma sit principium distinctionis materiae,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	682 ut scilicet materiae sint diversae propter habitudinem ad diversas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	683 formas, et tunc sequitur adhuc diversitas secundum speciem et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	684 inaequalitas naturalis. Vel materia erit principium distinctionis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	685 formarum; nec poterit dici materia haec alia ab illa, nisi secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	686 divisionem quantitativam, quae non habet locum in substantiis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	687 incorporeis, cuiusmodi sunt Angelus et anima. Unde non potest esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	688 quod Angelus et anima sint unius speciei. Quomodo autem sint plures
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	689 animae unius speciei infra ostendetur.</p><p title="I q. 75 a. 7 ad 1"><a name="31501"><span class="ref">[31501] Iª q. 75 a. 7 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	690 dicendum quod ratio illa procedit de fine proximo et naturali.
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	691 Beatitudo autem aeterna est finis ultimus et supernaturalis.</p><p title="I q. 75 a. 7 ad 2"><a name="31502"><span class="ref">[31502] Iª q. 75 a. 7 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	692 dicendum quod differentia specifica ultima est nobilissima,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	693 inquantum est maxime determinata, per modum quo actus est nobilior
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	694 potentia. Sic autem intellectuale non est nobilissimum, quia est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	695 indeterminatum et commune ad multos intellectualitatis gradus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	696 sicut sensibile ad multos gradus in esse sensibili. Unde sicut non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	697 omnia sensibilia sunt unius speciei, ita nec omnia
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	698 intellectualia.</p><p title="I q. 75 a. 7 ad 3"><a name="31503"><span class="ref">[31503] Iª q. 75 a. 7 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	699 dicendum quod corpus non est de essentia animae, sed anima ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	700 natura suae essentiae habet quod sit corpori unibilis. Unde nec
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	701 proprie anima est in specie; sed compositum. Et hoc ipsum quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	702 anima quodammodo indiget corpore ad suam operationem, ostendit quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	703 anima tenet inferiorem gradum intellectualitatis quam Angelus, qui
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	704 corpori non unitur.</p></div></div><div class="q" id="q76"><h2>Quaestio 76</h2><div class="p"><h3>Prooemium</h3><p title="I q. 76 pr."><a name="31504"><span class="ref">[31504]
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	705 Iª q. 76 pr.</span></a> Deinde considerandum est de unione
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	706 animae ad corpus. Et circa hoc quaeruntur octo. Primo, utrum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	707 intellectivum principium uniatur corpori ut forma. Secundo, utrum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	708 intellectivum principium numero multiplicetur secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	709 multiplicationem corporum; vel sit unus intellectus omnium hominum.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	710 Tertio, utrum in corpore cuius forma est principium intellectivum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	711 sit aliqua alia anima. Quarto, utrum sit in eo aliqua alia forma
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	712 substantialis. Quinto, quale debeat esse corpus cuius intellectivum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	713 principium est forma. Sexto, utrum tali corpori uniatur mediante
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	714 aliquo alio corpore. Septimo, utrum mediante aliquo accidente.
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	715 Octavo, utrum anima sit tota in qualibet parte corporis.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 1</h3><p title="I q. 76 a. 1 arg. 1"><a name="31505"><span class="ref">[31505] Iª q. 76 a. 1 arg. 1</span></a> Ad primum sic
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	716 proceditur. Videtur quod intellectivum principium non uniatur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	717 corpori ut forma. Dicit enim philosophus, in III de anima, quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	718 intellectus est separatus, et quod nullius corporis est actus. Non
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	719 ergo unitur corpori ut forma.</p><p title="I q. 76 a. 1 arg. 2"><a name="31506"><span class="ref">[31506] Iª q. 76 a. 1 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea, omnis
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	720 forma determinatur secundum naturam materiae cuius est forma,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	721 alioquin non requireretur proportio inter materiam et formam. Si
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	722 ergo intellectus uniretur corpori ut forma, cum omne corpus habeat
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	723 determinatam naturam, sequeretur quod intellectus haberet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	724 determinatam naturam. Et sic non esset omnium cognoscitivus, ut ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	725 superioribus patet, quod est contra rationem intellectus. Non ergo
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	726 intellectus unitur corpori ut forma.</p><p title="I q. 76 a. 1 arg. 3"><a name="31507"><span class="ref">[31507] Iª q. 76 a. 1 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	727 quaecumque potentia receptiva est actus alicuius corporis, recipit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	728 formam materialiter et individualiter, quia receptum est in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	729 recipiente secundum modum recipientis. Sed forma rei intellectae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	730 non recipitur in intellectu materialiter et individualiter, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	731 magis immaterialiter et universaliter, alioquin intellectus non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	732 esset cognoscitivus immaterialium et universalium, sed singularium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	733 tantum, sicut et sensus. Intellectus ergo non unitur corpori ut
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	734 forma.</p><p title="I q. 76 a. 1 arg. 4"><a name="31508"><span class="ref">[31508] Iª q. 76 a. 1 arg. 4</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	735 eiusdem est potentia et actio, idem enim est quod potest agere, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	736 quod agit. Sed actio intellectualis non est alicuius corporis, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	737 ex superioribus patet. Ergo nec potentia intellectiva est alicuius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	738 corporis potentia. Sed virtus sive potentia non potest esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	739 abstractior vel simplicior quam essentia a qua virtus vel potentia
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	740 derivatur. Ergo nec substantia intellectus est corporis forma.</p><p title="I q. 76 a. 1 arg. 5"><a name="31509"><span class="ref">[31509] Iª q. 76 a. 1 arg. 5</span></a> Praeterea, id
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	741 quod per se habet esse, non unitur corpori ut forma, quia forma est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	742 quo aliquid est; et sic ipsum esse formae non est ipsius formae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	743 secundum se. Sed intellectivum principium habet secundum se esse,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	744 et est subsistens, ut supra dictum est. Non ergo unitur corpori ut
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	745 forma.</p><p title="I q. 76 a. 1 arg. 6"><a name="31510"><span class="ref">[31510] Iª q. 76 a. 1 arg. 6</span></a> Praeterea, id
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	746 quod inest alicui rei secundum se, semper inest ei. Sed formae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	747 secundum se inest uniri materiae, non enim per accidens aliquod,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	748 sed per essentiam suam est actus materiae; alioquin ex materia et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	749 forma non fieret unum substantialiter, sed accidentaliter. Forma
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	750 ergo non potest esse sine propria materia. Sed intellectivum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	751 principium, cum sit incorruptibile, ut supra ostensum est, remanet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	752 corpori non unitum, corpore corrupto. Ergo intellectivum principium
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	753 non unitur corpori ut forma.</p><p title="I q. 76 a. 1 s. c."><a name="31511"><span class="ref">[31511] Iª q. 76 a. 1 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	754 secundum philosophum, in VIII Metaphys., differentia sumitur a
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	755 forma rei. Sed differentia constitutiva hominis est rationale; quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	756 dicitur de homine ratione intellectivi principii. Intellectivum
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	757 ergo principium est forma hominis.</p><p title="I q. 76 a. 1 co."><a name="31512"><span class="ref">[31512] Iª q. 76 a. 1 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	758 quod necesse est dicere quod intellectus, qui est intellectualis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	759 operationis principium, sit humani corporis forma. Illud enim quo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	760 primo aliquid operatur, est forma eius cui operatio attribuitur,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	761 sicut quo primo sanatur corpus, est sanitas, et quo primo scit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	762 anima, est scientia; unde sanitas est forma corporis, et scientia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	763 animae. Et huius ratio est, quia nihil agit nisi secundum quod est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	764 actu, unde quo aliquid est actu, eo agit. Manifestum est autem quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	765 primum quo corpus vivit, est anima. Et cum vita manifestetur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	766 secundum diversas operationes in diversis gradibus viventium, id
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	767 quo primo operamur unumquodque horum operum vitae, est anima, anima
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	768 enim est primum quo nutrimur, et sentimus, et movemur secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	769 locum; et similiter quo primo intelligimus. Hoc ergo principium quo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	770 primo intelligimus, sive dicatur intellectus sive anima
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	771 intellectiva, est forma corporis. Et haec est demonstratio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	772 Aristotelis in II de anima. Si quis autem velit dicere animam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	773 intellectivam non esse corporis formam, oportet quod inveniat modum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	774 quo ista actio quae est intelligere, sit huius hominis actio,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	775 experitur enim unusquisque seipsum esse qui intelligit. Attribuitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	776 autem aliqua actio alicui tripliciter, ut patet per philosophum, V
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	777 Physic., dicitur enim movere aliquid aut agere vel secundum se
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	778 totum, sicut medicus sanat; aut secundum partem, sicut homo videt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	779 per oculum; aut per accidens, sicut dicitur quod album aedificat,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	780 quia accidit aedificatori esse album. Cum igitur dicimus Socratem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	781 aut Platonem intelligere, manifestum est quod non attribuitur ei
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	782 per accidens, attribuitur enim ei inquantum est homo, quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	783 essentialiter praedicatur de ipso. Aut ergo oportet dicere quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	784 Socrates intelligit secundum se totum, sicut Plato posuit, dicens
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	785 hominem esse animam intellectivam, aut oportet dicere quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	786 intellectus sit aliqua pars Socratis. Et primum quidem stare non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	787 potest, ut supra ostensum est, propter hoc quod ipse idem homo est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	788 qui percipit se et intelligere et sentire, sentire autem non est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	789 sine corpore, unde oportet corpus aliquam esse hominis partem.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	790 Relinquitur ergo quod intellectus quo Socrates intelligit, est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	791 aliqua pars Socratis ita quod intellectus aliquo modo corpori
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	792 Socratis uniatur. Hanc autem unionem Commentator, in III de anima,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	793 dicit esse per speciem intelligibilem. Quae quidem habet duplex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	794 subiectum, unum scilicet intellectum possibilem; et aliud ipsa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	795 phantasmata quae sunt in organis corporeis. Et sic per speciem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	796 intelligibilem continuatur intellectus possibilis corpori huius vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	797 illius hominis. Sed ista continuatio vel unio non sufficit ad hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	798 quod actio intellectus sit actio Socratis. Et hoc patet per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	799 similitudinem in sensu, ex quo Aristoteles procedit ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	800 considerandum ea quae sunt intellectus. Sic enim se habent
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	801 phantasmata ad intellectum, ut dicitur in III de anima, sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	802 colores ad visum. Sicut ergo species colorum sunt in visu, ita
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	803 species phantasmatum sunt in intellectu possibili. Patet autem quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	804 ex hoc quod colores sunt in pariete, quorum similitudines sunt in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	805 visu, actio visus non attribuitur parieti, non enim dicimus quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	806 paries videat, sed magis quod videatur. Ex hoc ergo quod species
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	807 phantasmatum sunt in intellectu possibili, non sequitur quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	808 Socrates, in quo sunt phantasmata, intelligat; sed quod ipse, vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	809 eius phantasmata intelligantur. Quidam autem dicere voluerunt quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	810 intellectus unitur corpori ut motor; et sic ex intellectu et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	811 corpore fit unum, ut actio intellectus toti attribui possit. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	812 hoc est multipliciter vanum. Primo quidem, quia intellectus non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	813 movet corpus nisi per appetitum, cuius motus praesupponit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	814 operationem intellectus. Non ergo quia movetur Socrates ab
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	815 intellectu, ideo intelligit, sed potius e converso, quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	816 intelligit, ideo ab intellectu movetur Socrates. Secundo quia, cum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	817 Socrates sit quoddam individuum in natura cuius essentia est una,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	818 composita ex materia et forma; si intellectus non sit forma eius,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	819 sequitur quod sit praeter essentiam eius; et sic intellectus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	820 comparabitur ad totum Socratem sicut motor ad motum. Intelligere
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	821 autem est actio quiescens in agente, non autem transiens in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	822 alterum, sicut calefactio. Non ergo intelligere potest attribui
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	823 Socrati propter hoc quod est motus ab intellectu. Tertio, quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	824 actio motoris nunquam attribuitur moto nisi sicut instrumento,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	825 sicut actio carpentarii serrae. Si igitur intelligere attribuitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	826 Socrati quia est actio motoris eius, sequitur quod attribuatur ei
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	827 sicut instrumento. Quod est contra philosophum, qui vult quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	828 intelligere non sit per instrumentum corporeum. Quarto quia, licet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	829 actio partis attribuatur toti, ut actio oculi homini; nunquam tamen
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	830 attribuitur alii parti, nisi forte per accidens, non enim dicimus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	831 quod manus videat, propter hoc quod oculus videt. Si ergo ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	832 intellectu et Socrate dicto modo fit unum, actio intellectus non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	833 potest attribui Socrati. Si vero Socrates est totum quod componitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	834 ex unione intellectus ad reliqua quae sunt Socratis, et tamen
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	835 intellectus non unitur aliis quae sunt Socratis nisi sicut motor;
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	836 sequitur quod Socrates non sit unum simpliciter, et per consequens
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	837 nec ens simpliciter; sic enim aliquid est ens, quomodo et unum.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	838 Relinquitur ergo solus modus quem Aristoteles ponit, quod hic homo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	839 intelligit, quia principium intellectivum est forma ipsius. Sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	840 ergo ex ipsa operatione intellectus apparet quod intellectivum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	841 principium unitur corpori ut forma. Potest etiam idem manifestari
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	842 ex ratione speciei humanae. Natura enim uniuscuiusque rei ex eius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	843 operatione ostenditur. Propria autem operatio hominis, inquantum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	844 est homo, est intelligere, per hanc enim omnia animalia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	845 transcendit. Unde et Aristoteles, in libro Ethic., in hac
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	846 operatione, sicut in propria hominis, ultimam felicitatem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	847 constituit. Oportet ergo quod homo secundum illud speciem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	848 sortiatur, quod est huius operationis principium. Sortitur autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	849 unumquodque speciem per propriam formam. Relinquitur ergo quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	850 intellectivum principium sit propria hominis forma. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	851 considerandum est quod, quanto forma est nobilior, tanto magis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	852 dominatur materiae corporali, et minus ei immergitur, et magis sua
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	853 operatione vel virtute excedit eam. Unde videmus quod forma mixti
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	854 corporis habet aliquam operationem quae non causatur ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	855 qualitatibus elementaribus. Et quanto magis proceditur in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	856 nobilitate formarum, tanto magis invenitur virtus formae materiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	857 elementarem excedere, sicut anima vegetabilis plus quam forma
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	858 metalli, et anima sensibilis plus quam anima vegetabilis. Anima
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	859 autem humana est ultima in nobilitate formarum. Unde intantum sua
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	860 virtute excedit materiam corporalem, quod habet aliquam operationem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	861 et virtutem in qua nullo modo communicat materia corporalis. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	862 haec virtus dicitur intellectus. Est autem attendendum quod, si
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	863 quis poneret animam componi ex materia et forma, nullo modo posset
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	864 dicere animam esse formam corporis. Cum enim forma sit actus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	865 materia vero sit ens in potentia tantum; nullo modo id quod est ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	866 materia et forma compositum, potest esse alterius forma secundum se
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	867 totum. Si autem secundum aliquid sui sit forma, id quod est forma
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	868 dicimus animam, et id cuius est forma dicimus primum animatum, ut
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	869 supra dictum est.</p><p title="I q. 76 a. 1 ad 1"><a name="31513"><span class="ref">[31513] Iª q. 76 a. 1 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	870 dicendum quod, sicut philosophus dicit in II Physic., ultima
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	871 formarum naturalium, ad quam terminatur consideratio philosophi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	872 naturalis, scilicet anima humana, est quidem separata, sed tamen in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	873 materia; quod ex hoc probat, quia homo ex materia generat hominem,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	874 et sol. Separata quidem est secundum virtutem intellectivam, quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	875 virtus intellectiva non est virtus alicuius organi corporalis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	876 sicut virtus visiva est actus oculi intelligere enim est actus qui
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	877 non potest exerceri per organum corporale, sicut exercetur visio.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	878 Sed in materia est inquantum ipsa anima cuius est haec virtus, est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	879 corporis forma, et terminus generationis humanae. Sic ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	880 philosophus dicit in III de anima quod intellectus est separatus,
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	881 quia non est virtus alicuius organi corporalis.</p><p title="I q. 76 a. 1 ad 2"><a name="31514"><span class="ref">[31514] Iª q. 76 a. 1 ad 2</span></a> Et per hoc patet
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	882 responsio ad secundum et tertium. Sufficit enim ad hoc quod homo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	883 possit intelligere omnia per intellectum, et ad hoc quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	884 intellectus intelligat immaterialia et universalia, quod virtus
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	885 intellectiva non est corporis actus.</p><p title="I q. 76 a. 1 ad 4"><a name="31515"><span class="ref">[31515] Iª q. 76 a. 1 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	886 dicendum quod humana anima non est forma in materia corporali
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	887 immersa, vel ab ea totaliter comprehensa, propter suam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	888 perfectionem. Et ideo nihil prohibet aliquam eius virtutem non esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	889 corporis actum; quamvis anima secundum suam essentiam sit corporis
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	890 forma.</p><p title="I q. 76 a. 1 ad 5"><a name="31516"><span class="ref">[31516] Iª q. 76 a. 1 ad 5</span></a> Ad quintum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	891 dicendum quod anima illud esse in quo ipsa subsistit, communicat
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	892 materiae corporali, ex qua et anima intellectiva fit unum, ita quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	893 illud esse quod est totius compositi, est etiam ipsius animae. Quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	894 non accidit in aliis formis, quae non sunt subsistentes. Et propter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	895 hoc anima humana remanet in suo esse, destructo corpore, non autem
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	896 aliae formae.</p><p title="I q. 76 a. 1 ad 6"><a name="31517"><span class="ref">[31517] Iª q. 76 a. 1 ad 6</span></a> Ad sextum dicendum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	897 quod secundum se convenit animae corpori uniri, sicut secundum se
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	898 convenit corpori levi esse sursum. Et sicut corpus leve manet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	899 quidem leve cum a loco proprio fuerit separatum, cum aptitudine
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	900 tamen et inclinatione ad proprium locum; ita anima humana manet in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	901 suo esse cum fuerit a corpore separata, habens aptitudinem et
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	902 inclinationem naturalem ad corporis unionem.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 2</h3><p title="I q. 76 a. 2 arg. 1"><a name="31518"><span class="ref">[31518] Iª q. 76 a. 2 arg. 1</span></a> Ad secundum sic
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	903 proceditur. Videtur quod intellectivum principium non multiplicetur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	904 secundum multiplicationem corporum, sed sit unus intellectus in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	905 omnibus hominibus. Nulla enim substantia immaterialis multiplicatur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	906 secundum numerum in una specie. Anima autem humana est substantia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	907 immaterialis, non enim est composita ex materia et forma, ut supra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	908 ostensum est. Non ergo sunt multae in una specie. Sed omnes homines
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	909 sunt unius speciei. Est ergo unus intellectus omnium hominum.</p><p title="I q. 76 a. 2 arg. 2"><a name="31519"><span class="ref">[31519] Iª q. 76 a. 2 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	910 remota causa, removetur effectus. Si ergo secundum multiplicationem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	911 corporum multiplicarentur animae humanae, consequens videretur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	912 quod, remotis corporibus, multitudo animarum non remaneret, sed ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	913 omnibus animabus remaneret aliquod unum solum. Quod est haereticum,
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	914 periret enim differentia praemiorum et poenarum.</p><p title="I q. 76 a. 2 arg. 3"><a name="31520"><span class="ref">[31520] Iª q. 76 a. 2 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea, si
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	915 intellectus meus est alius ab intellectu tuo, intellectus meus est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	916 quoddam individuum, et similiter intellectus tuus, particularia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	917 enim sunt quae differunt numero et conveniunt in una specie. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	918 omne quod recipitur in aliquo, est in eo per modum recipientis.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	919 Ergo species rerum in intellectu meo et tuo reciperentur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	920 individualiter, quod est contra rationem intellectus, qui est
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	921 cognoscitivus universalium.</p><p title="I q. 76 a. 2 arg. 4"><a name="31521"><span class="ref">[31521] Iª q. 76 a. 2 arg. 4</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	922 intellectum est in intellectu intelligente. Si ergo intellectus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	923 meus est alius ab intellectu tuo, oportet quod aliud sit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	924 intellectum a me, et aliud sit intellectum a te. Et ita erit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	925 individualiter numeratum, et intellectum in potentia tantum, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	926 oportebit abstrahere intentionem communem ab utroque, quia a
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	927 quibuslibet diversis contingit abstrahere aliquod commune
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	928 intelligibile. Quod est contra rationem intellectus, quia sic non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	929 videretur distingui intellectus a virtute imaginativa. Videtur ergo
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	930 relinqui quod sit unus intellectus omnium hominum.</p><p title="I q. 76 a. 2 arg. 5"><a name="31522"><span class="ref">[31522] Iª q. 76 a. 2 arg. 5</span></a> Praeterea, cum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	931 discipulus accipit scientiam a magistro, non potest dici quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	932 scientia magistri generet scientiam in discipulo, quia sic etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	933 scientia esset forma activa, sicut calor; quod patet esse falsum.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	934 Videtur ergo quod eadem numero scientia quae est in magistro,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	935 communicetur discipulo. Quod esse non potest, nisi sit unus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	936 intellectus utriusque. Videtur ergo quod sit unus intellectus
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	937 discipuli et magistri; et per consequens omnium hominum.</p><p title="I q. 76 a. 2 arg. 6"><a name="31523"><span class="ref">[31523] Iª q. 76 a. 2 arg. 6</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	938 Augustinus dicit, in libro de quantitate animae, <i>si plures
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	939 tantum animas humanas dixerim, ipse me ridebo</i>. Sed maxime
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	940 videtur anima esse una quantum ad intellectum. Ergo est unus
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	941 intellectus omnium hominum.</p><p title="I q. 76 a. 2 s. c."><a name="31524"><span class="ref">[31524] Iª q. 76 a. 2 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	942 quod philosophus dicit, in II Physic., quod sicut se habent causae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	943 universales ad universalia, ita se habent causae particulares ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	944 particularia. Sed impossibile est quod una anima secundum speciem,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	945 sit diversorum animalium secundum speciem. Ergo impossibile est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	946 quod anima intellectiva una numero, sit diversorum secundum
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	947 numerum.</p><p title="I q. 76 a. 2 co."><a name="31525"><span class="ref">[31525] Iª q. 76 a. 2 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	948 quod intellectum esse unum omnium hominum, omnino est impossibile.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	949 Et hoc quidem patet, si, secundum Platonis sententiam homo sit ipse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	950 intellectus. Sequeretur enim, si Socratis et Platonis est unus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	951 intellectus tantum, quod Socrates et Plato sint unus homo; et quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	952 non distinguantur ab invicem nisi per hoc quod est extra essentiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	953 utriusque. Et erit tunc distinctio Socratis et Platonis non alia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	954 quam hominis tunicati et cappati, quod est omnino absurdum.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	955 Similiter etiam patet hoc esse impossibile, si, secundum sententiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	956 Aristotelis, intellectus ponatur pars, seu potentia, animae quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	957 est hominis forma. Impossibile est enim plurium numero diversorum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	958 esse unam formam, sicut impossibile est quod eorum sit unum esse,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	959 nam forma est essendi principium. Similiter etiam patet hoc esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	960 impossibile quocumque modo quis ponat unionem intellectus ad hunc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	961 et ad illum hominem. Manifestum est enim quod, si sit unum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	962 principale agens et duo instrumenta, dici poterit unum agens
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	963 simpliciter, sed plures actiones, sicut si unus homo tangat diversa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	964 duabus manibus, erit unus tangens, sed duo tactus. Si vero e
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	965 converso instrumentum sit unum et principales agentes diversi,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	966 dicentur quidem plures agentes, sed una actio, sicut si multi uno
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	967 fune trahant navem, erunt multi trahentes, sed unus tractus. Si
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	968 vero agens principale sit unum et instrumentum unum, dicetur unum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	969 agens et una actio, sicut cum faber uno martello percutit, est unus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	970 percutiens et una percussio. Manifestum est autem quod,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	971 qualitercumque intellectus seu uniatur seu copuletur huic vel illi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	972 homini, intellectus inter cetera quae ad hominem pertinent,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	973 principalitatem habet, obediunt enim vires sensitivae intellectui,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	974 et ei deserviunt. Si ergo poneretur quod essent plures intellectus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	975 et sensus unus duorum hominum, puta si duo homines haberent unum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	976 oculum; essent quidem plures videntes, sed una visio. Si vero
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	977 intellectus est unus, quantumcumque diversificentur alia quibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	978 omnibus intellectus utitur quasi instrumentis, nullo modo Socrates
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	979 et Plato poterunt dici nisi unus intelligens. Et si addamus quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	980 ipsum intelligere, quod est actio intellectus, non fit per aliquod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	981 aliud organum, nisi per ipsum intellectum; sequetur ulterius quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	982 sit et agens unum et actio una; idest quod omnes homines sint unus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	983 intelligens, et unum intelligere; dico autem respectu eiusdem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	984 intelligibilis. Posset autem diversificari actio intellectualis mea
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	985 et tua per diversitatem phantasmatum, quia scilicet aliud est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	986 phantasma lapidis in me et aliud in te, si ipsum phantasma,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	987 secundum quod est aliud in me et aliud in te, esset forma
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	988 intellectus possibilis, quia idem agens secundum diversas formas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	989 producit diversas actiones, sicut secundum diversas formas rerum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	990 respectu eiusdem oculi sunt diversae visiones. Sed ipsum phantasma
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	991 non est forma intellectus possibilis, sed species intelligibilis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	992 quae a phantasmatibus abstrahitur. In uno autem intellectu a
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	993 phantasmatibus diversis eiusdem speciei non abstrahitur nisi una
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	994 species intelligibilis. Sicut in uno homine apparet, in quo possunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	995 esse diversa phantasmata lapidis, et tamen ab omnibus eis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	996 abstrahitur una species intelligibilis lapidis, per quam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	997 intellectus unius hominis operatione una intelligit naturam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	998 lapidis, non obstante diversitate phantasmatum. Si ergo unus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	999 intellectus esset omnium hominum, diversitas phantasmatum quae sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1000 in hoc et in illo, non posset causare diversitatem intellectualis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1001 operationis huius et illius hominis, ut Commentator fingit in III
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1002 de anima. Relinquitur ergo quod omnino impossibile et inconveniens
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1003 est ponere unum intellectum omnium hominum.</p><p title="I q. 76 a. 2 ad 1"><a name="31526"><span class="ref">[31526] Iª q. 76 a. 2 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1004 dicendum quod, licet anima intellectiva non habeat materiam ex qua
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1005 sit, sicut nec Angelus, tamen est forma materiae alicuius; quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1006 Angelo non convenit. Et ideo secundum divisionem materiae sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1007 multae animae unius speciei, multi autem Angeli unius speciei
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1008 omnino esse non possunt.</p><p title="I q. 76 a. 2 ad 2"><a name="31527"><span class="ref">[31527] Iª q. 76 a. 2 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1009 dicendum quod unumquodque hoc modo habet unitatem, quo habet esse,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1010 et per consequens idem est iudicium de multiplicatione rei, et de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1011 esse ipsius. Manifestum est autem quod anima intellectualis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1012 secundum suum esse, unitur corpori ut forma; et tamen, destructo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1013 corpore, remanet anima intellectualis in suo esse. Et eadem ratione
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1014 multitudo animarum est secundum multitudinem corporum; et tamen,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1015 destructis corporibus, remanent animae in suo esse
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1016 multiplicatae.</p><p title="I q. 76 a. 2 ad 3"><a name="31528"><span class="ref">[31528] Iª q. 76 a. 2 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1017 dicendum quod individuatio intelligentis, aut speciei per quam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1018 intelligit, non excludit intelligentiam universalium, alioquin, cum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1019 intellectus separati sint quaedam substantiae subsistentes, et per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1020 consequens particulares, non possent universalia intelligere. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1021 materialitas cognoscentis et speciei per quam cognoscitur,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1022 universalis cognitionem impedit. Sicut enim omnis actio est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1023 secundum modum formae qua agens agit, ut calefactio secundum modum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1024 caloris; ita cognitio est secundum modum speciei qua cognoscens
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1025 cognoscit. Manifestum est autem quod natura communis distinguitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1026 et multiplicatur secundum principia individuantia, quae sunt ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1027 parte materiae. Si ergo forma per quam fit cognitio, sit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1028 materialis, non abstracta a conditionibus materiae, erit similitudo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1029 naturae speciei aut generis, secundum quod est distincta et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1030 multiplicata per principia individuantia, et ita non poterit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1031 cognosci natura rei in sua communitate. Si vero species sit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1032 abstracta a conditionibus materiae individualis, erit similitudo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1033 naturae absque iis quae ipsam distinguunt et multiplicant, et ita
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1034 cognoscetur universale. Nec refert, quantum ad hoc, utrum sit unus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1035 intellectus vel plures, quia si etiam esset unus tantum, oporteret
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1036 ipsum esse aliquem quendam, et speciem per quam intelligit esse
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1037 aliquam quandam.</p><p title="I q. 76 a. 2 ad 4"><a name="31529"><span class="ref">[31529] Iª q. 76 a. 2 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1038 dicendum quod, sive intellectus sit unus sive plures, id quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1039 intelligitur est unum. Id enim quod intelligitur non est in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1040 intellectu secundum se, sed secundum suam similitudinem, <i>lapis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1041 enim non est in anima, sed species lapidis</i>, ut dicitur in III
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1042 de anima. Et tamen lapis est id quod intelligitur, non autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1043 species lapidis, nisi per reflexionem intellectus supra seipsum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1044 alioquin scientiae non essent de rebus, sed de speciebus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1045 intelligibilibus. Contingit autem eidem rei diversa secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1046 diversas formas assimilari. Et quia cognitio fit secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1047 assimilationem cognoscentis ad rem cognitam, sequitur quod idem a
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1048 diversis cognoscentibus cognosci contingit, ut patet in sensu, nam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1049 plures vident eundem colorem, secundum diversas similitudines. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1050 similiter plures intellectus intelligunt unam rem intellectam. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1051 hoc tantum interest inter sensum et intellectum, secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1052 sententiam Aristotelis, quod res sentitur secundum illam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1053 dispositionem quam extra animam habet, in sua particularitate,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1054 natura autem rei quae intelligitur, est quidem extra animam, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1055 non habet illum modum essendi extra animam, secundum quem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1056 intelligitur. Intelligitur enim natura communis seclusis principiis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1057 individuantibus; non autem hunc modum essendi habet extra animam.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1058 Sed secundum sententiam Platonis, res intellecta eo modo est extra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1059 animam quo intelligitur, posuit enim naturas rerum a materia
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1060 separatas.</p><p title="I q. 76 a. 2 ad 5"><a name="31530"><span class="ref">[31530] Iª q. 76 a. 2 ad 5</span></a> Ad quintum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1061 dicendum quod scientia alia est in discipulo, et alia in magistro.
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1062 Quomodo autem causetur, in sequentibus ostendetur.</p><p title="I q. 76 a. 2 ad 6"><a name="31531"><span class="ref">[31531] Iª q. 76 a. 2 ad 6</span></a> Ad sextum dicendum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1063 quod Augustinus intelligit animas non esse plures tantum, quin
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1064 uniantur in una ratione speciei.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 3</h3><p title="I q. 76 a. 3 arg. 1"><a name="31532"><span class="ref">[31532] Iª q. 76 a. 3 arg. 1</span></a> Ad tertium sic
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1065 proceditur. Videtur quod praeter animam intellectivam sint in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1066 homine aliae animae per essentiam differentes, scilicet sensitiva
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1067 et nutritiva. Corruptibile enim et incorruptibile non sunt unius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1068 substantiae. Sed anima intellectiva est incorruptibilis; aliae vero
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1069 animae, scilicet sensitiva et nutritiva, sunt corruptibiles, ut ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1070 superioribus patet. Ergo in homine non potest esse una essentia
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1071 animae intellectivae et sensitivae et nutritivae.</p><p title="I q. 76 a. 3 arg. 2"><a name="31533"><span class="ref">[31533] Iª q. 76 a. 3 arg. 2</span></a> Si dicatur quod
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1072 anima sensitiva in homine est incorruptibilis, <i>contra,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1073 corruptibile et incorruptibile differunt secundum genus</i>, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1074 dicitur in X Metaphys. Sed anima sensitiva in equo et leone et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1075 aliis brutis animalibus est corruptibilis. Si igitur in homine sit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1076 incorruptibilis, non erit eiusdem generis anima sensitiva in homine
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1077 et bruto. Animal autem dicitur ex eo quod habet animam sensitivam.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1078 Neque ergo animal erit unum genus commune hominis et aliorum
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1079 animalium. Quod est inconveniens.</p><p title="I q. 76 a. 3 arg. 3"><a name="31534"><span class="ref">[31534] Iª q. 76 a. 3 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1080 philosophus dicit, in libro de Generat. Animal., quod embryo prius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1081 est animal quam homo. Sed hoc esse non posset, si esset eadem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1082 essentia animae sensitivae et intellectivae, est enim animal per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1083 animam sensitivam, homo vero per animam intellectivam. Non ergo in
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1084 homine est una essentia animae sensitivae et intellectivae.</p><p title="I q. 76 a. 3 arg. 4"><a name="31535"><span class="ref">[31535] Iª q. 76 a. 3 arg. 4</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1085 philosophus dicit, in VIII Metaphys., quod genus sumitur a materia,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1086 differentia vero a forma. Sed rationale, quod est differentia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1087 constitutiva hominis, sumitur ab anima intellectiva; animal vero
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1088 dicitur ex hoc quod habet corpus animatum anima sensitiva. Anima
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1089 ergo intellectiva comparatur ad corpus animatum anima sensitiva,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1090 sicut forma ad materiam. Non ergo anima intellectiva est eadem per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1091 essentiam cum anima sensitiva in homine; sed praesupponit eam sicut
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1092 materiale suppositum.</p><p title="I q. 76 a. 3 s. c."><a name="31536"><span class="ref">[31536] Iª q. 76 a. 3 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1093 quod dicitur in libro de Eccles. Dogmat., <i>neque duas animas esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1094 dicimus in homine uno, sicut Iacobus et alii Syrorum scribunt, unam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1095 animalem, qua animatur corpus, et immixta sit sanguini, et alteram
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1096 spiritualem, quae rationi ministret, sed dicimus unam et eandem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1097 esse animam in homine, quae et corpus sua societate vivificat, et
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1098 semetipsam sua ratione disponit</i>.</p><p title="I q. 76 a. 3 co."><a name="31537"><span class="ref">[31537] Iª q. 76 a. 3 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1099 quod Plato posuit diversas animas esse in corpore uno, etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1100 secundum organa distinctas, quibus diversa opera vitae attribuebat;
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1101 dicens vim nutritivam esse in hepate, concupiscibilem in corde,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1102 cognoscitivam in cerebro. Quam quidem opinionem Aristoteles
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1103 reprobat, in libro de anima, quantum ad illas animae partes quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1104 corporeis organis in suis operibus utuntur, ex hoc quod in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1105 animalibus quae decisa vivunt, in qualibet parte inveniuntur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1106 diversae operationes animae, sicut sensus et appetitus. Hoc autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1107 non esset, si diversa principia operationum animae, tanquam per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1108 essentiam diversae, diversis partibus corporis distributa essent.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1109 Sed de intellectiva sub dubio videtur relinquere utrum sit separata
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1110 ab aliis partibus animae solum ratione, an etiam loco. Opinio autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1111 Platonis sustineri utique posset, si poneretur quod anima unitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1112 corpori, non ut forma, sed ut motor, ut posuit Plato. Nihil enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1113 inconveniens sequitur, si idem mobile a diversis motoribus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1114 moveatur, praecipue secundum diversas partes. Sed si ponamus animam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1115 corpori uniri sicut formam, omnino impossibile videtur plures
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1116 animas per essentiam differentes in uno corpore esse. Quod quidem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1117 triplici ratione manifestari potest. Primo quidem, quia animal non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1118 esset simpliciter unum, cuius essent animae plures. Nihil enim est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1119 simpliciter unum nisi per formam unam, per quam habet res esse, ab
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1120 eodem enim habet res quod sit ens et quod sit una; et ideo ea quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1121 denominantur a diversis formis, non sunt unum simpliciter, sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1122 homo albus. Si igitur homo ab alia forma haberet quod sit vivum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1123 scilicet ab anima vegetabili; et ab alia forma quod sit animal,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1124 scilicet ab anima sensibili; et ab alia quod sit homo, scilicet ab
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1125 anima rationali; sequeretur quod homo non esset unum simpliciter,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1126 sicut et Aristoteles argumentatur contra Platonem, in VIII
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1127 Metaphys., quod si alia esset idea animalis, et alia bipedis, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1128 esset unum simpliciter animal bipes. Et propter hoc, in I de anima,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1129 contra ponentes diversas animas in corpore, inquirit quid contineat
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1130 illas, idest quid faciat ex eis unum. Et non potest dici quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1131 uniantur per corporis unitatem, quia magis anima continet corpus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1132 et facit ipsum esse unum, quam e converso. Secundo, hoc apparet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1133 impossibile ex modo praedicationis. Quae enim sumuntur a diversis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1134 formis, praedicantur ad invicem vel per accidens, si formae non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1135 sint ad invicem ordinatae, puta cum dicimus quod album est dulce,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1136 vel, si formae sint ordinatae ad invicem, erit praedicatio per se,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1137 in secundo modo dicendi per se, quia subiectum ponitur in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1138 definitione praedicati. Sicut superficies praeambula est ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1139 colorem, si ergo dicamus quod corpus superficiatum est coloratum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1140 erit secundus modus praedicationis per se. Si ergo alia forma sit a
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1141 qua aliquid dicitur animal, et a qua aliquid dicitur homo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1142 sequeretur quod vel unum horum non possit praedicari de altero nisi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1143 per accidens, si istae duae formae ad invicem ordinem non habent;
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1144 vel quod sit ibi praedicatio in secundo modo dicendi per se, si una
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1145 animarum sit ad aliam praeambula. Utrumque autem horum est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1146 manifeste falsum, quia animal per se de homine praedicatur, non per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1147 accidens; homo autem non ponitur in definitione animalis, sed e
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1148 converso. Ergo oportet eandem formam esse per quam aliquid est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1149 animal, et per quam aliquid est homo, alioquin homo non vere esset
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1150 id quod est animal, ut sic animal per se de homine praedicetur.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1151 Tertio, apparet hoc esse impossibile per hoc, quod una operatio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1152 animae, cum fuerit intensa, impedit aliam. Quod nullo modo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1153 contingeret, nisi principium actionum esset per essentiam unum. Sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1154 ergo dicendum quod eadem numero est anima in homine sensitiva et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1155 intellectiva et nutritiva. Quomodo autem hoc contingat, de facili
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1156 considerari potest, si quis differentias specierum et formarum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1157 attendat. Inveniuntur enim rerum species et formae differre ab
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1158 invicem secundum perfectius et minus perfectum, sicut in rerum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1159 ordine animata perfectiora sunt inanimatis, et animalia plantis, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1160 homines animalibus brutis, et in singulis horum generum sunt gradus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1161 diversi. Et ideo Aristoteles, in VIII Metaphys., assimilat species
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1162 rerum numeris, qui differunt specie secundum additionem vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1163 subtractionem unitatis. Et in II de anima, comparat diversas animas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1164 speciebus figurarum, quarum una continet aliam; sicut pentagonum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1165 continet tetragonum, et excedit. Sic igitur anima intellectiva
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1166 continet in sua virtute quidquid habet anima sensitiva brutorum, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1167 nutritiva plantarum. Sicut ergo superficies quae habet figuram
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1168 pentagonam, non per aliam figuram est tetragona, et per aliam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1169 pentagona; quia superflueret figura tetragona, ex quo in pentagona
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1170 continetur; ita nec per aliam animam Socrates est homo, et per
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1171 aliam animal, sed per unam et eandem.</p><p title="I q. 76 a. 3 ad 1"><a name="31538"><span class="ref">[31538] Iª q. 76 a. 3 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1172 dicendum quod anima sensitiva non habet incorruptibilitatem ex hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1173 quod est sensitiva, sed ex hoc quod est intellectiva, ei
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1174 incorruptibilitas debetur. Quando ergo anima est sensitiva tantum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1175 corruptibilis est, quando vero cum sensitivo intellectivum habet,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1176 est incorruptibilis. Licet enim sensitivum incorruptionem non det,
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1177 tamen incorruptionem intellectivo auferre non potest.</p><p title="I q. 76 a. 3 ad 2"><a name="31539"><span class="ref">[31539] Iª q. 76 a. 3 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1178 dicendum quod formae non collocantur in genere vel in specie, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1179 composita. Homo autem corruptibilis est, sicut et alia animalia.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1180 Unde differentia secundum corruptibile et incorruptibile, quae est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1181 ex parte formarum, non facit hominem secundum genus ab aliis
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1182 animalibus differre.</p><p title="I q. 76 a. 3 ad 3"><a name="31540"><span class="ref">[31540] Iª q. 76 a. 3 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1183 dicendum quod prius embryo habet animam quae est sensitiva tantum;
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1184 qua abiecta, advenit perfectior anima, quae est simul sensitiva et
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1185 intellectiva; ut infra plenius ostendetur.</p><p title="I q. 76 a. 3 ad 4"><a name="31541"><span class="ref">[31541] Iª q. 76 a. 3 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1186 dicendum quod non oportet secundum diversas rationes vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1187 intentiones logicas, quae consequuntur modum intelligendi,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1188 diversitatem in rebus naturalibus accipere, quia ratio unum et idem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1189 secundum diversos modos apprehendere potest. Quia igitur, ut dictum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1190 est, anima intellectiva virtute continet id quod sensitiva habet,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1191 et adhuc amplius; potest seorsum ratio considerare quod pertinet ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1192 virtutem sensitivae, quasi quoddam imperfectum et materiale. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1193 quia hoc invenit commune homini et aliis animalibus, ex hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1194 rationem generis format. Id vero in quo anima intellectiva
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1195 sensitiva excedit, accipit quasi formale et completivum, et ex eo
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1196 format differentiam hominis.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 4</h3><p title="I q. 76 a. 4 arg. 1"><a name="31542"><span class="ref">[31542] Iª q. 76 a. 4 arg. 1</span></a> Ad quartum sic
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1197 proceditur. Videtur quod in homine sit alia forma praeter animam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1198 intellectivam. Dicit enim philosophus, in II de anima, quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1199 <i>anima est actus corporis physici potentia vitam habentis</i>.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1200 Comparatur igitur anima ad corpus, sicut forma ad materiam. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1201 corpus habet aliquam formam substantialem per quam est corpus. Ergo
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1202 ante animam praecedit in corpore aliqua forma substantialis.</p><p title="I q. 76 a. 4 arg. 2"><a name="31543"><span class="ref">[31543] Iª q. 76 a. 4 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea, homo
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1203 et quodlibet animal est movens seipsum. Omne autem movens seipsum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1204 dividitur in duas partes, quarum una est movens, et alia est mota,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1205 ut probatur in VIII Physic. Pars autem movens est anima. Ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1206 oportet quod alia pars sit talis quae possit esse mota. Sed materia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1207 prima non potest moveri, ut dicitur in V Physic., cum sit ens solum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1208 in potentia, quinimmo omne quod movetur est corpus. Ergo oportet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1209 quod in homine et in quolibet animali sit alia forma substantialis,
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1210 per quam constituatur corpus.</p><p title="I q. 76 a. 4 arg. 3"><a name="31544"><span class="ref">[31544] Iª q. 76 a. 4 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea, ordo
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1211 in formis attenditur secundum habitudinem ad materiam primam, prius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1212 enim et posterius dicitur per comparationem ad aliquod principium.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1213 Si ergo non esset in homine alia forma substantialis praeter animam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1214 rationalem, sed immediate materiae primae inhaereret; sequeretur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1215 quod esset in ordine imperfectissimarum formarum, quae immediate
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1216 inhaerent materiae.</p><p title="I q. 76 a. 4 arg. 4"><a name="31545"><span class="ref">[31545] Iª q. 76 a. 4 arg. 4</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1217 corpus humanum est corpus mixtum. Mixtio autem non fit secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1218 materiam tantum, quia tunc esset corruptio sola. Oportet ergo quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1219 remaneant formae elementorum in corpore mixto, quae sunt formae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1220 substantiales. Ergo in corpore humano sunt aliae formae
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1221 substantiales praeter animam intellectivam.</p><p title="I q. 76 a. 4 s. c."><a name="31546"><span class="ref">[31546] Iª q. 76 a. 4 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra, unius
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1222 rei est unum esse substantiale. Sed forma substantialis dat esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1223 substantiale. Ergo unius rei est una tantum forma substantialis.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1224 Anima autem est forma substantialis hominis. Ergo impossibile est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1225 quod in homine sit aliqua alia forma substantialis quam anima
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1226 intellectiva.</p><p title="I q. 76 a. 4 co."><a name="31547"><span class="ref">[31547] Iª q. 76 a. 4 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1227 quod, si poneretur anima intellectiva non uniri corpori ut forma,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1228 sed solum ut motor, ut Platonici posuerunt; necesse esset dicere
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1229 quod in homine esset alia forma substantialis, per quam corpus ab
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1230 anima mobile in suo esse constitueretur. Sed si anima intellectiva
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1231 unitur corpori ut forma substantialis, sicut supra iam diximus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1232 impossibile est quod aliqua alia forma substantialis praeter eam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1233 inveniatur in homine. Ad cuius evidentiam, considerandum est quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1234 forma substantialis in hoc a forma accidentali differt quia forma
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1235 accidentalis non dat esse simpliciter, sed esse tale, sicut calor
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1236 facit suum subiectum non simpliciter esse, sed esse calidum. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1237 ideo cum advenit forma accidentalis, non dicitur aliquid fieri vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1238 generari simpliciter, sed fieri tale aut aliquo modo se habens, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1239 similiter cum recedit forma accidentalis, non dicitur aliquid
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1240 corrumpi simpliciter, sed secundum quid. Forma autem substantialis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1241 dat esse simpliciter, et ideo per eius adventum dicitur aliquid
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1242 simpliciter generari, et per eius recessum simpliciter corrumpi. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1243 propter hoc antiqui naturales, qui posuerunt materiam primam esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1244 aliquod ens actu, puta ignem aut aerem aut aliquid huiusmodi,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1245 dixerunt quod nihil generatur aut corrumpitur simpliciter, sed omne
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1246 fieri statuerunt alterari, ut dicitur in I Physic. Si igitur ita
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1247 esset, quod praeter animam intellectivam praeexisteret quaecumque
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1248 alia forma substantialis in materia, per quam subiectum animae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1249 esset ens actu; sequeretur quod anima non daret esse simpliciter;
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1250 et per consequens quod non esset forma substantialis; et quod per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1251 adventum animae non esset generatio simpliciter, neque per eius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1252 abscessum corruptio simpliciter, sed solum secundum quid. Quae sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1253 manifeste falsa. Unde dicendum est quod nulla alia forma
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1254 substantialis est in homine, nisi sola anima intellectiva; et quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1255 ipsa, sicut virtute continet animam sensitivam et nutritivam, ita
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1256 virtute continet omnes inferiores formas, et facit ipsa sola
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1257 quidquid imperfectiores formae in aliis faciunt. Et similiter est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1258 dicendum de anima sensitiva in brutis, et de nutritiva in plantis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1259 et universaliter de omnibus formis perfectioribus respectu
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1260 imperfectiorum.</p><p title="I q. 76 a. 4 ad 1"><a name="31548"><span class="ref">[31548] Iª q. 76 a. 4 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1261 dicendum quod Aristoteles non dicit animam esse actum corporis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1262 tantum, sed actum corporis physici organici potentia vitam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1263 habentis, et quod talis potentia non abiicit animam. Unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1264 manifestum est quod in eo cuius anima dicitur actus, etiam anima
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1265 includitur; eo modo loquendi quo dicitur quod calor est actus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1266 calidi, et lumen est actus lucidi; non quod seorsum sit lucidum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1267 sine luce, sed quia est lucidum per lucem. Et similiter dicitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1268 quod anima est actus corporis etc., quia per animam et est corpus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1269 et est organicum, et est potentia vitam habens. Sed actus primus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1270 dicitur in potentia respectu actus secundi, qui est operatio. Talis
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1271 enim potentia est non abiiciens, idest non excludens, animam.</p><p title="I q. 76 a. 4 ad 2"><a name="31549"><span class="ref">[31549] Iª q. 76 a. 4 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1272 dicendum quod anima non movet corpus per esse suum, secundum quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1273 unitur corpori ut forma; sed per potentiam motivam, cuius actus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1274 praesupponit iam corpus effectum in actu per animam; ut sic anima
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1275 secundum vim motivam sit pars movens, et corpus animatum sit pars
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1276 mota.</p><p title="I q. 76 a. 4 ad 3"><a name="31550"><span class="ref">[31550] Iª q. 76 a. 4 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1277 dicendum quod in materia considerantur diversi gradus perfectionis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1278 sicut esse, vivere sentire et intelligere. Semper autem secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1279 superveniens priori, perfectius est. Forma ergo quae dat solum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1280 primum gradum perfectionis materiae, est imperfectissima, sed forma
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1281 quae dat primum et secundum, et tertium, et sic deinceps, est
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1282 perfectissima; et tamen materiae immediata.</p><p title="I q. 76 a. 4 ad 4"><a name="31551"><span class="ref">[31551] Iª q. 76 a. 4 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1283 dicendum quod Avicenna posuit formas substantiales elementorum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1284 integras remanere in mixto, mixtionem autem fieri secundum quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1285 contrariae qualitates elementorum reducuntur ad medium. Sed hoc est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1286 impossibile. Quia diversae formae elementorum non possunt esse nisi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1287 in diversis partibus materiae; ad quarum diversitatem oportet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1288 intelligi dimensiones, sine quibus materia divisibilis esse non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1289 potest. Materia autem dimensioni subiecta non invenitur nisi in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1290 corpore. Diversa autem corpora non possunt esse in eodem loco. Unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1291 sequitur quod elementa sint in mixto distincta secundum situm. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1292 ita non erit vera mixtio, quae est secundum totum, sed mixtio ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1293 sensum, quae est secundum minima iuxta se posita. Averroes autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1294 posuit, in III de caelo, quod formae elementorum, propter sui
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1295 imperfectionem, sunt mediae inter formas accidentales et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1296 substantiales; et ideo recipiunt magis et minus; et ideo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1297 remittuntur in mixtione et ad medium reducuntur, et conflatur ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1298 eis una forma. Sed hoc est etiam magis impossibile. Nam esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1299 substantiale cuiuslibet rei in indivisibili consistit; et omnis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1300 additio et subtractio variat speciem, sicut in numeris, ut dicitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1301 in VIII Metaphys. Unde impossibile est quod forma substantialis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1302 quaecumque recipiat magis et minus. Nec minus est impossibile
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1303 aliquid esse medium inter substantiam et accidens. Et ideo dicendum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1304 est, secundum philosophum in I de Generat., quod formae elementorum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1305 manent in mixto non actu, sed virtute. Manent enim qualitates
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1306 propriae elementorum, licet remissae, in quibus est virtus formarum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1307 elementarium. Et huiusmodi qualitas mixtionis est propria
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1308 dispositio ad formam substantialem corporis mixti, puta formam
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1309 lapidis, vel animae cuiuscumque.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 5</h3><p title="I q. 76 a. 5 arg. 1"><a name="31552"><span class="ref">[31552] Iª q. 76 a. 5 arg. 1</span></a> Ad quintum sic
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1310 proceditur. Videtur quod anima intellectiva inconvenienter tali
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1311 corpori uniatur. Materia enim debet esse proportionata formae. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1312 anima intellectiva est forma incorruptibilis. Non ergo convenienter
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1313 unitur corpori corruptibili.</p><p title="I q. 76 a. 5 arg. 2"><a name="31553"><span class="ref">[31553] Iª q. 76 a. 5 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea, anima
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1314 intellectiva est forma maxime immaterialis, cuius signum est, quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1315 habet operationem in qua non communicat materia corporalis. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1316 quanto corpus est subtilius, tanto minus habet de materia. Ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1317 anima deberet subtilissimo corpori uniri, puta igni; et non corpori
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1318 mixto, et terrestri magis.</p><p title="I q. 76 a. 5 arg. 3"><a name="31554"><span class="ref">[31554] Iª q. 76 a. 5 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea, cum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1319 forma sit principium speciei, ab una forma non proveniunt diversae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1320 species. Sed anima intellectiva est una forma. Ergo non debet uniri
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1321 corpori quod componitur ex partibus dissimilium specierum.</p><p title="I q. 76 a. 5 arg. 4"><a name="31555"><span class="ref">[31555] Iª q. 76 a. 5 arg. 4</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1322 perfectioris formae debet esse perfectius susceptibile. Sed anima
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1323 intellectiva est perfectissima animarum. Cum igitur aliorum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1324 animalium corpora habeant naturaliter insita tegumenta, puta
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1325 pilorum loco vestium, et unguium loco calceamentorum; habeant etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1326 arma naturaliter sibi data, sicut ungues, dentes et cornua, ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1327 videtur quod anima intellectiva non debuerit uniri corpori
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1328 imperfecto tanquam talibus auxiliis privato.</p><p title="I q. 76 a. 5 s. c."><a name="31556"><span class="ref">[31556] Iª q. 76 a. 5 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1329 quod dicit philosophus, in II de anima, quod <i>anima est actus
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1330 corporis physici organici potentia vitam habentis</i>.</p><p title="I q. 76 a. 5 co."><a name="31557"><span class="ref">[31557] Iª q. 76 a. 5 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1331 quod, cum forma non sit propter materiam, sed potius materia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1332 propter formam; ex forma oportet rationem accipere quare materia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1333 sit talis, et non e converso. Anima autem intellectiva, sicut supra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1334 habitum est, secundum naturae ordinem, infimum gradum in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1335 substantiis intellectualibus tenet; intantum quod non habet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1336 naturaliter sibi inditam notitiam veritatis, sicut Angeli, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1337 oportet quod eam colligat ex rebus divisibilibus per viam sensus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1338 ut Dionysius dicit, VII cap. de Div. Nom. Natura autem nulli deest
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1339 in necessariis, unde oportuit quod anima intellectiva non solum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1340 haberet virtutem intelligendi, sed etiam virtutem sentiendi. Actio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1341 autem sensus non fit sine corporeo instrumento. Oportuit igitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1342 animam intellectivam tali corpori uniri, quod possit esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1343 conveniens organum sensus. Omnes autem alii sensus fundantur supra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1344 tactum. Ad organum autem tactus requiritur quod sit medium inter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1345 contraria, quae sunt calidum et frigidum, humidum et siccum, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1346 similia, quorum est tactus apprehensivus, sic enim est in potentia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1347 ad contraria, et potest ea sentire. Unde quanto organum tactus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1348 fuerit magis reductum ad aequalitatem complexionis, tanto
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1349 perceptibilior erit tactus. Anima autem intellectiva habet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1350 completissime virtutem sensitivam, quia quod est inferioris
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1351 praeexistit perfectius in superiori ut dicit Dionysius in libro de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1352 Div. Nom. Unde oportuit corpus cui unitur anima intellectiva, esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1353 corpus mixtum, inter omnia alia magis reductum ad aequalitatem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1354 complexionis. Et propter hoc homo inter omnia animalia melioris est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1355 tactus. Et inter ipsos homines, qui sunt melioris tactus, sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1356 melioris intellectus. Cuius signum est, quod molles carne bene
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1357 aptos mente videmus, ut dicitur in II de anima.</p><p title="I q. 76 a. 5 ad 1"><a name="31558"><span class="ref">[31558] Iª q. 76 a. 5 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1358 dicendum quod hanc obiectionem aliquis forte vellet evadere per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1359 hoc, quod diceret corpus hominis ante peccatum incorruptibile
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1360 fuisse. Sed haec responsio non videtur sufficiens, quia corpus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1361 hominis ante peccatum immortale fuit non per naturam, sed per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1362 gratiae divinae donum; alioquin immortalitas eius per peccatum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1363 sublata non esset, sicut nec immortalitas Daemonis. Et ideo aliter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1364 dicendum est, quod in materia duplex conditio invenitur, una quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1365 eligitur ad hoc quod sit conveniens formae; alia quae ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1366 necessitate consequitur prioris dispositionis. Sicut artifex ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1367 formam serrae eligit materiam ferream, aptam ad secandum dura; sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1368 quod dentes serrae hebetari possint et rubiginem contrahere,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1369 sequitur ex necessitate materiae. Sic igitur et animae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1370 intellectivae debetur corpus quod sit aequalis complexionis, ex hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1371 autem de necessitate materiae sequitur quod sit corruptibile. Si
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1372 quis vero dicat quod Deus potuit hanc necessitatem vitare, dicendum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1373 est quod in constitutione rerum naturalium non consideratur quid
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1374 Deus facere possit, sed quid naturae rerum conveniat, ut Augustinus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1375 dicit, II super Gen. ad Litt. Providit tamen Deus adhibendo
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1376 remedium contra mortem per gratiae donum.</p><p title="I q. 76 a. 5 ad 2"><a name="31559"><span class="ref">[31559] Iª q. 76 a. 5 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1377 dicendum quod animae intellectivae non debetur corpus propter ipsam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1378 intellectualem operationem secundum se; sed propter sensitivam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1379 virtutem, quae requirit organum aequaliter complexionatum. Et ideo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1380 oportuit animam intellectivam tali corpori uniri, et non simplici
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1381 elemento, vel corpori mixto in quo excederet ignis secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1382 quantitatem, quia non posset esse aequalitas complexionis, propter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1383 excedentem ignis activam virtutem. Habet autem hoc corpus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1384 aequaliter complexionatum quandam dignitatem, per hoc quod est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1385 remotum a contrariis; in quo quodammodo assimilatur corpori
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1386 caelesti.</p><p title="I q. 76 a. 5 ad 3"><a name="31560"><span class="ref">[31560] Iª q. 76 a. 5 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1387 dicendum quod partes animalis, ut oculus, manus, caro et os, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1388 huiusmodi, non sunt in specie, sed totum, et ideo non potest dici,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1389 proprie loquendo, quod sint diversarum specierum, sed quod sint
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1390 diversarum dispositionum. Et hoc competit animae intellectivae,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1391 quae quamvis sit una secundum essentiam, tamen propter sui
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1392 perfectionem est multiplex in virtute; et ideo, ad diversas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1393 operationes, indiget diversis dispositionibus in partibus corporis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1394 cui unitur. Et propter hoc videmus quod maior est diversitas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1395 partium in animalibus perfectis quam in imperfectis, et in his quam
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1396 in plantis.</p><p title="I q. 76 a. 5 ad 4"><a name="31561"><span class="ref">[31561] Iª q. 76 a. 5 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1397 dicendum quod anima intellectiva, quia est universalium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1398 comprehensiva, habet virtutem ad infinita. Et ideo non potuerunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1399 sibi determinari a natura vel determinatae existimationes
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1400 naturales, vel etiam determinata auxilia vel defensionum vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1401 tegumentorum; sicut aliis animalibus, quorum animae habent
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1402 apprehensionem et virtutem ad aliqua particularia determinata. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1403 loco horum omnium, homo habet naturaliter rationem, et manus, quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1404 sunt organa organorum, quia per eas homo potest sibi praeparare
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1405 instrumenta infinitorum modorum, et ad infinitos effectus.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 6</h3><p title="I q. 76 a. 6 arg. 1"><a name="31562"><span class="ref">[31562] Iª q. 76 a. 6 arg. 1</span></a> Ad sextum sic
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1406 proceditur. Videtur quod anima intellectiva uniatur corpori
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1407 mediantibus aliquibus dispositionibus accidentalibus. Omnis enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1408 forma est in materia sibi propria et disposita. Sed dispositiones
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1409 ad formam sunt accidentia quaedam. Ergo oportet praeintelligi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1410 accidentia aliqua in materia ante formam substantialem, et ita ante
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1411 animam, cum anima sit quaedam substantialis forma.</p><p title="I q. 76 a. 6 arg. 2"><a name="31563"><span class="ref">[31563] Iª q. 76 a. 6 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1412 diversae formae unius speciei requirunt diversas materiae partes.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1413 Partes autem materiae diversae non possunt intelligi nisi secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1414 divisionem dimensivarum quantitatum. Ergo oportet intelligere
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1415 dimensiones in materia ante formas substantiales, quae sunt multae
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1416 unius speciei.</p><p title="I q. 76 a. 6 arg. 3"><a name="31564"><span class="ref">[31564] Iª q. 76 a. 6 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1417 spirituale applicatur corporali per contactum virtutis. Virtus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1418 autem animae est eius potentia. Ergo videtur quod anima unitur
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1419 corpori mediante potentia, quae est quoddam accidens.</p><p title="I q. 76 a. 6 s. c."><a name="31565"><span class="ref">[31565] Iª q. 76 a. 6 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1420 quod accidens est posterius substantia et tempore et ratione, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1421 dicitur in VII Metaphys. Non ergo forma accidentalis aliqua potest
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1422 intelligi in materia ante animam, quae est forma substantialis.</p><p title="I q. 76 a. 6 co."><a name="31566"><span class="ref">[31566] Iª q. 76 a. 6 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1423 quod, si anima uniretur corpori solum ut motor, nihil prohiberet,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1424 immo magis necessarium esset esse aliquas dispositiones medias
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1425 inter animam et corpus, potentiam scilicet ex parte animae, per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1426 quam moveret corpus; et aliquam habilitatem ex parte corporis, per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1427 quam corpus esset ab anima mobile. Sed si anima intellectiva unitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1428 corpori ut forma substantialis, sicut iam supra dictum est,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1429 impossibile est quod aliqua dispositio accidentalis cadat media
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1430 inter corpus et animam, vel inter quamcumque formam substantialem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1431 et materiam suam. Et huius ratio est quia, cum materia sit in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1432 potentia ad omnes actus ordine quodam, oportet quod id quod est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1433 primum simpliciter in actibus, primo in materia intelligatur.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1434 Primum autem inter omnes actus est esse. Impossibile est ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1435 intelligere materiam prius esse calidam vel quantam, quam esse in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1436 actu. Esse autem in actu habet per formam substantialem, quae facit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1437 esse simpliciter, ut iam dictum est. Unde impossibile est quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1438 quaecumque dispositiones accidentales praeexistant in materia ante
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1439 formam substantialem; et per consequens neque ante animam.</p><p title="I q. 76 a. 6 ad 1"><a name="31567"><span class="ref">[31567] Iª q. 76 a. 6 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1440 dicendum quod, sicut ex praedictis patet, forma perfectior virtute
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1441 continet quidquid est inferiorum formarum. Et ideo una et eadem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1442 existens, perficit materiam secundum diversos perfectionis gradus.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1443 Una enim et eadem forma est per essentiam, per quam homo est ens
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1444 actu, et per quam est corpus, et per quam est vivum, et per quam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1445 est animal, et per quam est homo. Manifestum est autem quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1446 unumquodque genus consequuntur propria accidentia. Sicut ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1447 materia praeintelligitur perfecta secundum esse ante intellectum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1448 corporeitatis, et sic de aliis; ita praeintelliguntur accidentia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1449 quae sunt propria entis, ante corporeitatem. Et sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1450 praeintelliguntur dispositiones in materia ante formam, non quantum
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1451 ad omnem eius effectum, sed quantum ad posteriorem.</p><p title="I q. 76 a. 6 ad 2"><a name="31568"><span class="ref">[31568] Iª q. 76 a. 6 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1452 dicendum quod dimensiones quantitativae sunt accidentia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1453 consequentia corporeitatem, quae toti materiae convenit. Unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1454 materia iam intellecta sub corporeitate et dimensionibus, potest
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1455 intelligi ut distincta in diversas partes, ut sic accipiat diversas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1456 formas secundum ulteriores perfectionis gradus. Quamvis enim eadem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1457 forma sit secundum essentiam quae diversos perfectionis gradus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1458 materiae attribuit, ut dictum est; tamen secundum considerationem
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1459 rationis differt.</p><p title="I q. 76 a. 6 ad 3"><a name="31569"><span class="ref">[31569] Iª q. 76 a. 6 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1460 dicendum quod substantia spiritualis quae unitur corpori solum ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1461 motor, unitur ei per potentiam vel virtutem. Sed anima intellectiva
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1462 corpori unitur ut forma per suum esse. Administrat tamen ipsum et
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1463 movet per suam potentiam et virtutem.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 7</h3><p title="I q. 76 a. 7 arg. 1"><a name="31570"><span class="ref">[31570] Iª q. 76 a. 7 arg. 1</span></a> Ad septimum sic
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1464 proceditur. Videtur quod anima uniatur corpori animalis mediante
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1465 aliquo corpore. Dicit enim Augustinus, VII super Gen. ad Litt.,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1466 quod anima per lucem, idest ignem, et aerem, <i>quae sunt similiora
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1467 spiritui, corpus administrat</i>. Ignis autem et aer sunt corpora.
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1468 Ergo anima unitur corpori humano mediante aliquo corpore.</p><p title="I q. 76 a. 7 arg. 2"><a name="31571"><span class="ref">[31571] Iª q. 76 a. 7 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea, id
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1469 quo subtracto solvitur unio aliquorum unitorum, videtur esse medium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1470 inter ea. Sed deficiente spiritu, anima a corpore separatur. Ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1471 spiritus, qui est quoddam corpus subtile, medium est in unione
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1472 corporis et animae.</p><p title="I q. 76 a. 7 arg. 3"><a name="31572"><span class="ref">[31572] Iª q. 76 a. 7 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea, ea
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1473 quae sunt multum distantia, non uniuntur nisi per medium. Sed anima
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1474 intellectiva distat a corpore et quia est incorporea, et quia est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1475 incorruptibilis. Ergo videtur quod uniatur ei mediante aliquo quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1476 sit corpus incorruptibile. Et hoc videtur esse aliqua lux
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1477 caelestis, quae conciliat elementa et redigit in unum.</p><p title="I q. 76 a. 7 s. c."><a name="31573"><span class="ref">[31573] Iª q. 76 a. 7 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1478 quod philosophus dicit, in II de anima, quod <i>non oportet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1479 quaerere si unum est anima et corpus, sicut neque ceram et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1480 figuram</i>. Sed figura unitur cerae nullo corpore mediante. Ergo
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1481 et anima corpori.</p><p title="I q. 76 a. 7 co."><a name="31574"><span class="ref">[31574] Iª q. 76 a. 7 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1482 quod si anima, secundum Platonicos, corpori uniretur solum ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1483 motor, conveniens esset dicere quod inter animam hominis, vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1484 cuiuscumque animalis, et corpus aliqua alia corpora media
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1485 intervenirent, convenit enim motori aliquid distans per media magis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1486 propinqua movere. Si vero anima unitur corpori ut forma, sicut iam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1487 dictum est, impossibile est quod uniatur ei aliquo corpore
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1488 mediante. Cuius ratio est, quia sic dicitur aliquid unum, quomodo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1489 et ens. Forma autem per seipsam facit rem esse in actu, cum per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1490 essentiam suam sit actus; nec dat esse per aliquod medium. Unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1491 unitas rei compositae ex materia et forma est per ipsam formam,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1492 quae secundum seipsam unitur materiae ut actus eius. Nec est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1493 aliquid aliud uniens nisi agens, quod facit materiam esse in actu,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1494 ut dicitur in VIII Metaphys. Unde patet esse falsas opiniones eorum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1495 qui posuerunt aliqua corpora esse media inter animam et corpus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1496 hominis. Quorum quidam Platonici dixerunt quod anima intellectiva
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1497 habet corpus incorruptibile sibi naturaliter unitum, a quo nunquam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1498 separatur, et eo mediante unitur corpori hominis corruptibili.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1499 Quidam vero dixerunt quod unitur corpori mediante spiritu corporeo.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1500 Alii vero dixerunt quod unitur corpori mediante luce, quam dicunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1501 esse corpus, et de natura quintae essentiae, ita quod anima
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1502 vegetabilis unitur corpori mediante luce caeli siderei; anima vero
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1503 sensibilis, mediante luce caeli crystallini; anima vero
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1504 intellectualis, mediante luce caeli Empyrei. Quod fictitium et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1505 derisibile apparet, tum quia lux non est corpus; tum quia quinta
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1506 essentia non venit materialiter in compositionem corporis mixti,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1507 cum sit inalterabilis, sed virtualiter tantum; tum etiam quia anima
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1508 immediate corpori unitur ut forma materiae.</p><p title="I q. 76 a. 7 ad 1"><a name="31575"><span class="ref">[31575] Iª q. 76 a. 7 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1509 dicendum quod Augustinus loquitur de anima inquantum movet corpus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1510 unde utitur verbo administrationis. Et verum est quod partes
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1511 grossiores corporis per subtiliores movet. Et primum instrumentum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1512 virtutis motivae est spiritus, ut dicit philosophus in libro de
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1513 causa motus animalium.</p><p title="I q. 76 a. 7 ad 2"><a name="31576"><span class="ref">[31576] Iª q. 76 a. 7 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1514 dicendum quod, subtracto spiritu, deficit unio animae ad corpus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1515 non quia sit medium; sed quia tollitur dispositio per quam corpus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1516 est dispositum ad talem unionem. Est tamen spiritus medium in
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1517 movendo, sicut primum instrumentum motus.</p><p title="I q. 76 a. 7 ad 3"><a name="31577"><span class="ref">[31577] Iª q. 76 a. 7 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1518 dicendum quod anima distat quidem a corpore plurimum, si utriusque
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1519 conditiones seorsum considerentur, unde si utrumque ipsorum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1520 separatim esse haberet, oporteret quod multa media intervenirent.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1521 Sed inquantum anima est forma corporis, non habet esse seorsum ab
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1522 esse corporis; sed per suum esse corpori unitur immediate. Sic enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1523 et quaelibet forma, si consideretur ut actus, habet magnam
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1524 distantiam a materia, quae est ens in potentia tantum.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 8</h3><p title="I q. 76 a. 8 arg. 1"><a name="31578"><span class="ref">[31578] Iª q. 76 a. 8 arg. 1</span></a> Ad octavum sic
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1525 proceditur. Videtur quod anima non sit tota in qualibet parte
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1526 corporis. Dicit enim philosophus, in libro de causa motus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1527 animalium, <i>non opus est in unaquaque corporis parte esse animam;
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1528 sed in quodam principio corporis existente, alia vivere; eo quod
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1529 simul nata sunt facere proprium motum per naturam</i>.</p><p title="I q. 76 a. 8 arg. 2"><a name="31579"><span class="ref">[31579] Iª q. 76 a. 8 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea, anima
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1530 est in corpore cuius est actus. Sed est actus corporis organici.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1531 Ergo non est nisi in corpore organico. Sed non quaelibet pars
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1532 corporis hominis est corpus organicum. Ergo anima non est in
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1533 qualibet parte corporis tota.</p><p title="I q. 76 a. 8 arg. 3"><a name="31580"><span class="ref">[31580] Iª q. 76 a. 8 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea, in II
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1534 de anima dicitur quod sicut se habet pars animae ad partem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1535 corporis, ut visus ad pupillam, ita anima tota ad totum corpus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1536 animalis. Si igitur tota anima est in qualibet parte corporis,
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1537 sequitur quod quaelibet pars corporis sit animal.</p><p title="I q. 76 a. 8 arg. 4"><a name="31581"><span class="ref">[31581] Iª q. 76 a. 8 arg. 4</span></a> Praeterea, omnes
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1538 potentiae animae in ipsa essentia animae fundantur. Si igitur anima
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1539 tota est in qualibet parte corporis, sequitur quod omnes potentiae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1540 animae sint in qualibet corporis parte, et ita visus erit in aure,
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1541 et auditus in oculo. Quod est inconveniens.</p><p title="I q. 76 a. 8 arg. 5"><a name="31582"><span class="ref">[31582] Iª q. 76 a. 8 arg. 5</span></a> Praeterea, si in
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1542 qualibet parte corporis esset tota anima, quaelibet pars corporis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1543 immediate dependeret ab anima. Non ergo una pars dependeret ab
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1544 alia, nec una pars esset principalior quam alia, quod est manifeste
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1545 falsum. Non ergo anima est in qualibet parte corporis tota.</p><p title="I q. 76 a. 8 s. c."><a name="31583"><span class="ref">[31583] Iª q. 76 a. 8 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1546 quod Augustinus dicit, in VI de Trin., quod <i>anima in quocumque
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1547 corpore et in toto est tota, et in qualibet eius parte tota
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1548 est</i>.</p><p title="I q. 76 a. 8 co."><a name="31584"><span class="ref">[31584] Iª q. 76 a. 8 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1549 quod, sicut in aliis iam dictum est, si anima uniretur corpori
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1550 solum ut motor, posset dici quod non esset in qualibet parte
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1551 corporis, sed in una tantum, per quam alias moveret. Sed quia anima
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1552 unitur corpori ut forma, necesse est quod sit in toto, et in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1553 qualibet parte corporis. Non enim est forma corporis accidentalis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1554 sed substantialis. Substantialis autem forma non solum est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1555 perfectio totius, sed cuiuslibet partis. Cum enim totum consistat
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1556 ex partibus, forma totius quae non dat esse singulis partibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1557 corporis, est forma quae est compositio et ordo, sicut forma domus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1558 et talis forma est accidentalis. Anima vero est forma
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1559 substantialis, unde oportet quod sit forma et actus non solum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1560 totius, sed cuiuslibet partis. Et ideo, recedente anima, sicut non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1561 dicitur animal et homo nisi aequivoce, quemadmodum et animal pictum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1562 vel lapideum; ita est de manu et oculo, aut carne et osse, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1563 philosophus dicit. Cuius signum est, quod nulla pars corporis habet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1564 proprium opus, anima recedente, cum tamen omne quod retinet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1565 speciem, retineat operationem speciei. Actus autem est in eo cuius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1566 est actus. Unde oportet animam esse in toto corpore, et in qualibet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1567 eius parte. Et quod tota sit in qualibet parte eius, hinc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1568 considerari potest, quia, cum totum sit quod dividitur in partes,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1569 secundum triplicem divisionem est triplex totalitas. Est enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1570 quoddam totum quod dividitur in partes quantitativas, sicut tota
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1571 linea vel totum corpus. Est etiam quoddam totum quod dividitur in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1572 partes rationis et essentiae; sicut definitum in partes
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1573 definitionis, et compositum resolvitur in materiam et formam.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1574 Tertium autem totum est potentiale, quod dividitur in partes
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1575 virtutis. Primus autem totalitatis modus non convenit formis, nisi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1576 forte per accidens; et illis solis formis, quae habent
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1577 indifferentem habitudinem ad totum quantitativum et partes eius.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1578 Sicut albedo, quantum est de sui ratione, aequaliter se habet ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1579 sit in tota superficie et in qualibet superficiei parte; et ideo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1580 divisa superficie, dividitur albedo per accidens. Sed forma quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1581 requirit diversitatem in partibus, sicut est anima, et praecipue
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1582 animalium perfectorum, non aequaliter se habet ad totum et partes,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1583 unde non dividitur per accidens per divisionem quantitatis. Sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1584 ergo totalitas quantitativa non potest attribui animae nec per se
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1585 nec per accidens. Sed totalitas secunda, quae attenditur secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1586 rationis et essentiae perfectionem, proprie et per se convenit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1587 formis. Similiter autem et totalitas virtutis, quia forma est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1588 operationis principium. Si ergo quaereretur de albedine, utrum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1589 esset tota in tota superficie et in qualibet eius parte,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1590 distinguere oporteret. Quia si fiat mentio de totalitate
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1591 quantitativa, quam habet albedo per accidens, non tota esset in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1592 qualibet parte superficiei. Et similiter dicendum est de totalitate
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1593 virtutis magis enim potest movere visum albedo quae est in tota
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1594 superficie, quam albedo quae est in aliqua eius particula. Sed si
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1595 fiat mentio de totalitate speciei et essentiae, tota albedo est in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1596 qualibet superficiei parte. Sed quia anima totalitatem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1597 quantitativam non habet, nec per se nec per accidens, ut dictum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1598 est; sufficit dicere quod anima tota est in qualibet parte corporis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1599 secundum totalitatem perfectionis et essentiae; non autem secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1600 totalitatem virtutis. Quia non secundum quamlibet suam potentiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1601 est in qualibet parte corporis; sed secundum visum in oculo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1602 secundum auditum in aure, et sic de aliis. Tamen attendendum est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1603 quod, quia anima requirit diversitatem in partibus, non eodem modo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1604 comparatur ad totum et ad partes, sed ad totum quidem primo et per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1605 se, sicut ad proprium et proportionatum perfectibile; ad partes
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1606 autem per posterius, secundum quod habent ordinem ad totum.</p><p title="I q. 76 a. 8 ad 1"><a name="31585"><span class="ref">[31585] Iª q. 76 a. 8 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1607 dicendum quod philosophus loquitur de potentia motiva animae.</p><p title="I q. 76 a. 8 ad 2"><a name="31586"><span class="ref">[31586] Iª q. 76 a. 8 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1608 dicendum quod anima est actus corporis organici, sicut primi et
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1609 proportionati perfectibilis.</p><p title="I q. 76 a. 8 ad 3"><a name="31587"><span class="ref">[31587] Iª q. 76 a. 8 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1610 dicendum quod animal est quod componitur ex anima et corpore toto,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1611 quod est primum et proportionatum eius perfectibile. Sic autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1612 anima non est in parte. Unde non oportet quod pars animalis sit
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1613 animal.</p><p title="I q. 76 a. 8 ad 4"><a name="31588"><span class="ref">[31588] Iª q. 76 a. 8 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1614 dicendum quod potentiarum animae quaedam sunt in ea secundum quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1615 excedit totam corporis capacitatem, scilicet intellectus et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1616 voluntas, unde huiusmodi potentiae in nulla parte corporis esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1617 dicuntur. Aliae vero potentiae sunt communes animae et corpori,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1618 unde talium potentiarum non oportet quod quaelibet sit in quocumque
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1619 est anima; sed solum in illa parte corporis quae est proportionata
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1620 ad talis potentiae operationem.</p><p title="I q. 76 a. 8 ad 5"><a name="31589"><span class="ref">[31589] Iª q. 76 a. 8 ad 5</span></a> Ad quintum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1621 dicendum quod una pars corporis dicitur esse principalior quam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1622 alia, propter potentias diversas quarum sunt organa partes
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1623 corporis. Quae enim est principalioris potentiae organum, est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1624 principalior pars corporis, vel quae etiam eidem potentiae
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1625 principalius deservit.</p></div></div><div class="centro"><br/>
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1626 <p><a href="sth1065.html"><img alt="age retro" border="0" align="middle" height="19" width="19" src="icons/ageretro.gif"/></a>
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1627 <a href="sth1077.html"><img alt="age ultra" border="0" align="middle" height="19" width="19" src="icons/ageultra.gif"/></a></p>
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1628 <br/>
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1629 <hr/>
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1630 <br/>
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1631 <address>© 2006 Fundación Tomás de Aquino quoad
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1632 hanc editionem<br/>
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1633 Iura omnia asservantur<br/>
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1634 OCLC nr. <a style="text-decoration=none" href="http://worldcatlibraries.org/wcpa/oclc/49644264">49644264</a></address>
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1635 </div></body>
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1636 </html>

Mercurial > hg > Aquinas

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