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annotate summa/latin/sth4084.html @ 86:dd8a8c8eb56d

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completed FP_ix
author ht
date Sun, 03 Feb 2013 10:50:36 +0000
parents 03759e5c1080
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1 <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "file:///c:/cygwin/usr/local/share/lib/xml/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
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2 <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" lang="LA" xml:lang="LA">
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3 <head>
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4 <meta name="generator" content="HTML Tidy for Windows (vers 1st February 2005), see www.w3.org"/>
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7 <meta http-equiv="Content-Script-Type" content="text/javascript"/>
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8 <meta name="keywords" content="Thomas de Aquino, Summa Theologiae, Corpus Thomisticum"/>
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9 <meta name="language" content="Latin"/>
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10 <meta name="security" content="public"/>
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11 <meta name="owner" content="ealarcon@unav.es"/>
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12 <meta name="author" content="Enrique Alarcón"/>
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13 <meta name="abstract" content=""/>
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15 <link rel="stylesheet" media="print" href="vprint.css" type="text/css"/>
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16 <title>Thomas de Aquino, Summa Theologiae, IIIª q.
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17 84-90</title>
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18 </head>
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19 <body><a href="http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/"/><div class="tres">CORPUS THOMISTICUM</div><div class="uno">Sancti Thomae de Aquino</div><div class="uno">Summa Theologiae</div><div class="dos">tertia pars a quaestione LXXXIV ad quaestionem
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20 XC</div><div class="centro">
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21 <table align="center" summary="Imago">
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22 <tr>
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23 <th><img src="icons/bene180.jpg" width="204" height="180" border="0" alt="Thomas de Aquino a Sassetta depictus" align="middle"/></th>
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24 </tr>
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25 </table>
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26 <br/>
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27 <span class="tres">Textum Leoninum Romae 1906 editum<br/>
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28 ac automato translatum a Roberto Busa SJ in taenias
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29 magneticas<br/>
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30 denuo recognovit Enrique Alarcón atque instruxit<br/>
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31 <br/></span><br/>
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32 <hr/>
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33 <br/>
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34 <p><a href="sth4083.html"><img src="icons/ageretro.gif" width="19" height="19" align="middle" border="0" alt="age retro"/></a>  
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35 <a href="iopera.html"><img src="icons/ageultra.gif" width="19" height="19" align="middle" border="0" alt="age ultra"/></a></p>
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36 <script language="JavaScript" type="text/javascript">
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37 //
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38 &lt;!--
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39 // original code by Bill Trefzger 12/12/96; revised by Enrique Alarcon 12/9/2000
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parents: 28
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141 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#51297"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 85 pr.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
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diff changeset
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parents: 28
diff changeset
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parents: 28
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diff changeset
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diff changeset
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diff changeset
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parents: 28
diff changeset
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diff changeset
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parents: 28
diff changeset
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parents: 28
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diff changeset
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parents: 28
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parents: 28
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diff changeset
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parents: 28
diff changeset
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parents: 28
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parents: 28
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parents: 28
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parents: 28
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178 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#51334"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 85 a. 5 arg. 1');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
179 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#51335"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 85 a. 5 arg. 2');
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parents: 28
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180 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#51336"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 85 a. 5 arg. 3');
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181 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#51337"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 85 a. 5 s. c.');
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182 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#51338"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 85 a. 5 co.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
183 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#51339"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 85 a. 5 ad 1');
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parents: 28
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parents: 28
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parents: 28
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186 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#51342"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 85 a. 6 arg. 1');
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parents: 28
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187 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#51343"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 85 a. 6 arg. 2');
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parents: 28
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188 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#51344"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 85 a. 6 arg. 3');
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189 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#51345"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 85 a. 6 s. c.');
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190 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#51346"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 85 a. 6 co.');
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parents: 28
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parents: 28
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192 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#51348"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 85 a. 6 ad 2');
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parents: 28
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parents: 28
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194 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#51350"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 86 pr.');
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parents: 28
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195 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#51351"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 86 a. 1 arg. 1');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
196 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#51352"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 86 a. 1 arg. 2');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
197 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#51353"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 86 a. 1 arg. 3');
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198 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#51354"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 86 a. 1 s. c.');
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diff changeset
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parents: 28
diff changeset
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parents: 28
diff changeset
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parents: 28
diff changeset
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parents: 28
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203 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#51359"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 86 a. 2 arg. 1');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
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parents: 28
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205 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#51361"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 86 a. 2 arg. 3');
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206 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#51362"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 86 a. 2 s. c.');
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207 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#51363"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 86 a. 2 co.');
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parents: 28
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parents: 28
diff changeset
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parents: 28
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parents: 28
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211 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#51367"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 86 a. 3 arg. 1');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
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parents: 28
diff changeset
213 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#51369"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 86 a. 3 arg. 3');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
214 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#51370"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 86 a. 3 arg. 4');
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parents: 28
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215 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#51371"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 86 a. 3 arg. 5');
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216 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#51372"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 86 a. 3 s. c.');
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217 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#51373"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 86 a. 3 co.');
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parents: 28
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218 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#51374"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 86 a. 3 ad 1');
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parents: 28
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parents: 28
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parents: 28
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226 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#51382"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 86 a. 4 s. c.');
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parents: 28
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diff changeset
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diff changeset
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parents: 28
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parents: 28
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parents: 28
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parents: 28
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diff changeset
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diff changeset
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diff changeset
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diff changeset
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parents: 28
diff changeset
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parents: 28
diff changeset
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diff changeset
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parents: 28
diff changeset
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parents: 28
diff changeset
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parents: 28
diff changeset
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diff changeset
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diff changeset
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parents: 28
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parents: 28
diff changeset
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264 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#51420"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 87 a. 2 ad 3');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
265 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#51421"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 87 a. 3 arg. 1');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
266 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#51422"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 87 a. 3 arg. 2');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
267 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#51423"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 87 a. 3 arg. 3');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
268 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#51424"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 87 a. 3 s. c.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
269 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#51425"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 87 a. 3 co.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
270 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#51426"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 87 a. 3 ad 1');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
271 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#51427"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 87 a. 3 ad 2');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
272 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#51428"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 87 a. 3 ad 3');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
273 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#51429"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 87 a. 4 arg. 1');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
274 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#51430"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 87 a. 4 arg. 2');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
275 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#51431"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 87 a. 4 arg. 3');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
276 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#51432"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 87 a. 4 s. c.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
277 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#51433"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 87 a. 4 co.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
278 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#51434"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 87 a. 4 ad 1');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
279 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#51435"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 87 a. 4 ad 2');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
280 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#51436"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 87 a. 4 ad 3');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
281 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#51437"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 88 pr.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
282 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#51438"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 88 a. 1 arg. 1');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
283 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#51439"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 88 a. 1 arg. 2');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
284 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#51440"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 88 a. 1 arg. 3');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
285 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#51441"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 88 a. 1 arg. 4');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
286 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#51442"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 88 a. 1 s. c. 1');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
287 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#51443"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 88 a. 1 s. c. 2');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
288 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#51444"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 88 a. 1 co.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
289 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#51445"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 88 a. 1 ad 1');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
290 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#51446"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 88 a. 1 ad 2');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
291 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#51447"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 88 a. 1 ad 3');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
292 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#51448"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 88 a. 1 ad 4');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
293 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#51449"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 88 a. 2 arg. 1');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
294 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#51450"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 88 a. 2 arg. 2');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
295 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#51451"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 88 a. 2 arg. 3');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
296 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#51452"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 88 a. 2 s. c.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
297 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#51453"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 88 a. 2 co.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
298 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#51454"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 88 a. 2 ad 1');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
299 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#51455"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 88 a. 2 ad 2');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
300 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#51456"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 88 a. 2 ad 3');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
301 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#51457"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 88 a. 3 arg. 1');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
302 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#51458"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 88 a. 3 arg. 2');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
303 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#51459"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 88 a. 3 arg. 3');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
304 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#51460"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 88 a. 3 s. c.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
305 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#51461"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 88 a. 3 co.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
306 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#51462"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 88 a. 3 ad 1');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
307 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#51463"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 88 a. 3 ad 2');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
308 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#51464"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 88 a. 3 ad 3');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
309 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#51465"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 88 a. 4 arg. 1');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
310 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#51466"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 88 a. 4 arg. 2');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
311 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#51467"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 88 a. 4 arg. 3');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
312 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#51468"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 88 a. 4 s. c.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
313 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#51469"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 88 a. 4 co.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
314 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#51470"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 88 a. 4 ad 1');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
315 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#51471"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 89 pr.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
316 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#51472"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 89 a. 1 arg. 1');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
317 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#51473"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 89 a. 1 arg. 2');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
318 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#51474"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 89 a. 1 arg. 3');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
319 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#51475"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 89 a. 1 s. c.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
320 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#51476"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 89 a. 1 co.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
321 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#51477"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 89 a. 1 ad 1');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
322 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#51478"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 89 a. 1 ad 2');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
323 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#51479"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 89 a. 1 ad 3');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
324 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#51480"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 89 a. 2 arg. 1');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
325 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#51481"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 89 a. 2 arg. 2');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
326 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#51482"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 89 a. 2 arg. 3');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
327 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#51483"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 89 a. 2 s. c.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
328 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#51484"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 89 a. 2 co.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
329 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#51485"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 89 a. 2 ad 1');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
330 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#51486"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 89 a. 2 ad 2');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
331 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#51487"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 89 a. 2 ad 3');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
332 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#51488"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 89 a. 2 ad 4');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
333 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#51489"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 89 a. 3 arg. 1');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
334 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#51490"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 89 a. 3 arg. 2');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
335 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#51491"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 89 a. 3 arg. 3');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
336 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#51492"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 89 a. 3 s. c.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
337 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#51493"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 89 a. 3 co.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
338 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#51494"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 89 a. 3 ad 1');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
339 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#51495"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 89 a. 3 ad 2');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
340 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#51496"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 89 a. 3 ad 3');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
341 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#51497"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 89 a. 4 arg. 1');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
342 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#51498"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 89 a. 4 arg. 2');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
343 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#51499"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 89 a. 4 arg. 3');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
344 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#51500"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 89 a. 4 s. c.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
345 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#51501"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 89 a. 4 co.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
346 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#51502"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 89 a. 4 ad 1');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
347 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#51503"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 89 a. 4 ad 2');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
348 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#51504"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 89 a. 4 ad 3');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
349 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#51505"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 89 a. 5 arg. 1');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
350 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#51506"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 89 a. 5 arg. 2');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
351 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#51507"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 89 a. 5 arg. 3');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
352 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#51508"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 89 a. 5 s. c.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
353 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#51509"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 89 a. 5 co.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
354 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#51510"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 89 a. 5 ad 1');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
355 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#51511"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 89 a. 5 ad 2');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
356 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#51512"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 89 a. 5 ad 3');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
357 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#51513"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 89 a. 6 arg. 1');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
358 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#51514"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 89 a. 6 arg. 2');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
359 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#51515"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 89 a. 6 arg. 3');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
360 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#51516"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 89 a. 6 s. c.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
361 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#51517"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 89 a. 6 co.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
362 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#51518"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 89 a. 6 ad 1');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
363 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#51519"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 89 a. 6 ad 2');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
364 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#51520"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 89 a. 6 ad 3');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
365 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#51521"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 90 pr.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
366 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#51522"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 90 a. 1 arg. 1');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
367 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#51523"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 90 a. 1 arg. 2');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
368 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#51524"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 90 a. 1 arg. 3');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
369 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#51525"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 90 a. 1 s. c.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
370 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#51526"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 90 a. 1 co.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
371 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#51527"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 90 a. 1 ad 1');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
372 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#51528"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 90 a. 1 ad 2');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
373 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#51529"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 90 a. 1 ad 3');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
374 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#51530"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 90 a. 2 arg. 1');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
375 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#51531"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 90 a. 2 arg. 2');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
376 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#51532"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 90 a. 2 arg. 3');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
377 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#51533"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 90 a. 2 arg. 4');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
378 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#51534"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 90 a. 2 s. c.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
379 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#51535"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 90 a. 2 co.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
380 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#51536"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 90 a. 2 ad 1');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
381 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#51537"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 90 a. 2 ad 2');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
382 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#51538"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 90 a. 2 ad 3');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
383 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#51539"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 90 a. 2 ad 4');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
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parents: 28
diff changeset
385 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#51541"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 90 a. 3 arg. 1');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
386 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#51542"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 90 a. 3 arg. 2');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
387 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#51543"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 90 a. 3 arg. 3');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
388 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#51544"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 90 a. 3 s. c.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
389 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#51545"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 90 a. 3 co.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
390 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#51546"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 90 a. 3 ad 1');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
391 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#51547"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 90 a. 3 ad 2');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
392 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#51548"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 90 a. 3 ad 3');
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393 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#51549"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 90 a. 4 arg. 1');
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394 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#51550"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 90 a. 4 arg. 2');
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395 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#51551"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 90 a. 4 arg. 3');
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396 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#51552"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 90 a. 4 s. c.');
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397 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#51553"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 90 a. 4 co.');
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398 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#51554"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 90 a. 4 ad 1');
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399 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#51555"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 90 a. 4 ad 2');
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400 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#51556"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 90 a. 4 ad 3');
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401 document.write('&lt;\/SELECT&gt;');
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402 document.write('&lt;BR&gt;&lt;BR&gt;');
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403 document.write('&lt;INPUT TYPE="button" VALUE="Agedum" ONCLICK="go()"&gt;');
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404 document.write('&lt;\/FORM&gt;');
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405 // --&gt;
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406 //
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407 </script><br/>
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408 <hr/>
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409 <br/></div><div id="q84" class="q"><h2>Quaestio 84</h2><div class="p"><h3>Prooemium</h3><p title="III q. 84 pr."><a name="51204"><span class="ref">[51204]
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410 IIIª q. 84 pr.</span></a> Consequenter considerandum est de
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411 sacramento poenitentiae. Circa quod primo considerandum est de ipsa
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412 poenitentia; secundo, de effectu ipsius; tertio, de partibus eius;
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413 quarto, de suscipientibus hoc sacramentum; quinto, de potestate
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414 ministrorum; sexto, de solemni ritu huius sacramenti. Circa primum
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415 duo sunt consideranda, primo, de poenitentia secundum quod est
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416 sacramentum; secundo, de poenitentia secundum quod est virtus.
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417 Circa primum quaeruntur decem. Primo, utrum poenitentia sit
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418 sacramentum. Secundo, de propria materia eius. Tertio, de forma
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419 ipsius. Quarto, utrum impositio manus requiratur ad hoc
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420 sacramentum. Quinto, utrum hoc sacramentum sit de necessitate
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421 salutis. Sexto, de ordine eius ad alia sacramenta. Septimo, de
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422 institutione eius. Octavo, de duratione ipsius. Nono, de
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423 continuitate eius. Decimo, utrum possit iterari.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 1</h3><p title="III q. 84 a. 1 arg. 1"><a name="51205"><span class="ref">[51205] IIIª q. 84 a. 1 arg. 1</span></a> Ad primum sic
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424 proceditur. Videtur quod poenitentia non sit sacramentum. Gregorius
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425 enim dicit, et habetur in decretis, I, qu. I, <i>sacramenta sunt
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426 Baptisma, chrisma, corpus et sanguis Christi, quae ob id sacramenta
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427 dicuntur quia sub tegumento corporalium rerum divina virtus
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428 secretius operatur salutem</i>. Sed hoc non contingit in
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429 poenitentia, quia non adhibentur aliquae res corporales sub quibus
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430 divina virtus operetur salutem. Ergo poenitentia non est
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431 sacramentum.</p><p title="III q. 84 a. 1 arg. 2"><a name="51206"><span class="ref">[51206] IIIª q. 84 a. 1 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
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432 sacramenta Ecclesiae a ministris Christi exhibentur, secundum illud
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433 I Cor. IV, <i>sic nos existimet homo ut ministros Christi et
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434 dispensatores mysteriorum Dei</i>. Sed poenitentia non exhibetur a
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435 ministris Christi, sed interius a Deo hominibus inspiratur,
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436 secundum illud Ierem. XXXI, <i>postquam convertisti me, egi
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437 poenitentiam</i>. Ergo videtur quod poenitentia non sit
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438 sacramentum.</p><p title="III q. 84 a. 1 arg. 3"><a name="51207"><span class="ref">[51207] IIIª q. 84 a. 1 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea, in
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439 sacramentis de quibus supra diximus, est aliquid quod est
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440 sacramentum tantum, aliquid quod est res et sacramentum, aliquid
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441 vero quod est res tantum, ut ex praemissis patet. Sed hoc non
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442 invenitur in poenitentia. Ergo poenitentia non est sacramentum.</p><p title="III q. 84 a. 1 s. c."><a name="51208"><span class="ref">[51208] IIIª q. 84 a. 1 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
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443 quod, sicut Baptismus adhibetur ad purificandum a peccato, ita et
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444 poenitentia, unde et Petrus dixit Simoni, Act. VIII,
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445 <i>poenitentiam age ab hac nequitia tua</i>. Sed Baptismus est
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446 sacramentum, ut supra dictum est. Ergo pari ratione et
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447 poenitentia.</p><p title="III q. 84 a. 1 co."><a name="51209"><span class="ref">[51209] IIIª q. 84 a. 1 co.</span></a> Respondeo
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448 dicendum quod, sicut Gregorius dicit, in capite supra dicto,
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449 <i>sacramentum est in aliqua celebratione, cum res gesta ita fit ut
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450 aliquid significative accipiamus quod sancte accipiendum est</i>.
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451 Manifestum est autem quod in poenitentia ita res gesta fit quod
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452 aliquid sanctum significatur, tam ex parte peccatoris poenitentis,
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453 quam ex parte sacerdotis absolventis, nam peccator poenitens per ea
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454 quae agit et dicit, significat cor suum a peccato recessisse;
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455 similiter etiam sacerdos per ea quae agit et dicit circa
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456 poenitentem, significat opus Dei remittentis peccatum. Unde
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457 manifestum est quod poenitentia quae in Ecclesia agitur, est
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458 sacramentum.</p><p title="III q. 84 a. 1 ad 1"><a name="51210"><span class="ref">[51210] IIIª q. 84 a. 1 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
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459 dicendum quod nomine corporalium rerum intelliguntur large etiam
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460 ipsi exteriores actus sensibiles, qui ita se habent in hoc
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461 sacramento sicut aqua in Baptismo vel chrisma in confirmatione. Est
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462 autem attendendum quod in illis sacramentis in quibus confertur
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463 excellens gratia, quae superabundat omnem facultatem humani actus,
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464 adhibetur aliqua corporalis materia exterius; sicut in Baptismo,
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465 ubi fit plena remissio peccatorum et quantum ad culpam et quantum
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466 ad poenam; et in confirmatione, ubi datur spiritus sancti
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467 plenitudo; et in extrema unctione, ubi confertur perfecta sanitas
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468 spiritualis; quae provenit ex virtute Christi quasi ex quodam
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469 extrinseco principio. Unde si qui actus humani sunt in talibus
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470 sacramentis, non sunt de essentia materiae sacramentorum, sed
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471 dispositive se habent ad sacramenta. In illis autem sacramentis
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472 quae habent effectum correspondentem humanis actibus, ipsi actus
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473 humani sensibiles sunt loco materiae, ut accidit in poenitentia et
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474 matrimonio. Sicut etiam in medicinis corporalibus quaedam sunt res
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475 exterius adhibitae, sicut emplastra et electuaria; quaedam vero
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476 sunt actus sanandorum, puta exercitationes quaedam.</p><p title="III q. 84 a. 1 ad 2"><a name="51211"><span class="ref">[51211] IIIª q. 84 a. 1 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
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477 dicendum quod in sacramentis quae habent corporalem materiam,
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478 oportet quod illa materia adhibeatur a ministro Ecclesiae, qui
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479 gerit personam Christi, in signum quod excellentia virtutis in
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480 sacramento operantis est a Christo. In sacramento autem
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481 poenitentiae, sicut dictum est, sunt actus humani pro materia, qui
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482 proveniunt ex inspiratione interna. Unde materia non adhibetur a
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483 ministro, sed a Deo interius operante, sed complementum sacramenti
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484 exhibet minister, dum poenitentem absolvit.</p><p title="III q. 84 a. 1 ad 3"><a name="51212"><span class="ref">[51212] IIIª q. 84 a. 1 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
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485 dicendum quod etiam in poenitentia est aliquid quod est sacramentum
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486 tantum, scilicet actus exercitus tam per peccatorem poenitentem,
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487 quam etiam per sacerdotem absolventem. Res autem et sacramentum est
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488 poenitentia interior peccatoris. Res autem tantum et non
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489 sacramentum est remissio peccati. Quorum primum totum simul sumptum
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490 est causa secundi; primum autem et secundum sunt causa tertii.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 2</h3><p title="III q. 84 a. 2 arg. 1"><a name="51213"><span class="ref">[51213] IIIª q. 84 a. 2 arg. 1</span></a> Ad secundum
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491 sic proceditur. Videtur quod peccata non sint propria materia huius
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492 sacramenti. Materia enim in aliis sacramentis per aliqua verba
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493 sanctificatur, et sanctificata effectum sacramenti operatur.
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494 Peccata autem non possunt sanctificari, eo quod contrariantur
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495 effectui sacramenti, qui est gratia remittens peccata. Ergo peccata
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496 non sunt materia propria huius sacramenti.</p><p title="III q. 84 a. 2 arg. 2"><a name="51214"><span class="ref">[51214] IIIª q. 84 a. 2 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
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497 Augustinus dicit, in libro de poenitentia, <i>nullus potest
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498 inchoare novam vitam nisi eum veteris vitae poeniteat</i>. Sed ad
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499 vetustatem vitae pertinent non solum peccata, sed etiam
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500 poenalitates praesentis vitae. Non ergo peccata sunt propria
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501 materia poenitentiae.</p><p title="III q. 84 a. 2 arg. 3"><a name="51215"><span class="ref">[51215] IIIª q. 84 a. 2 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
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502 peccatorum quoddam est originale, quoddam mortale, quoddam veniale.
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503 Sed poenitentiae sacramentum non ordinatur contra originale
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504 peccatum, quod tollitur per Baptismum; neque etiam contra veniale,
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505 quod tollitur per tunsionem pectoris, et aquam benedictam, et alia
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506 huiusmodi. Ergo peccata non sunt propria materia poenitentiae.</p><p title="III q. 84 a. 2 s. c."><a name="51216"><span class="ref">[51216] IIIª q. 84 a. 2 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
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507 quod apostolus dicit, II Cor. XII, <i>non egerunt poenitentiam
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508 super immunditia et fornicatione et impudicitia quam
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509 gesserunt</i>.</p><p title="III q. 84 a. 2 co."><a name="51217"><span class="ref">[51217] IIIª q. 84 a. 2 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
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510 dicendum quod duplex est materia, scilicet proxima et remota, sicut
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511 statuae proxima materia est metallum, remota vero aqua. Dictum est
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512 autem quod proxima materia huius sacramenti sunt actus poenitentis,
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513 cuius materia sunt peccata, de quibus dolet, et quae confitetur, et
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514 pro quibus satisfacit. Unde relinquitur quod remota materia
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515 poenitentiae sunt peccata, non attentanda, sed detestanda et
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516 destruenda.</p><p title="III q. 84 a. 2 ad 1"><a name="51218"><span class="ref">[51218] IIIª q. 84 a. 2 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
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517 dicendum quod ratio illa procedit de proxima materia
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518 sacramenti.</p><p title="III q. 84 a. 2 ad 2"><a name="51219"><span class="ref">[51219] IIIª q. 84 a. 2 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
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519 dicendum quod vetus et mortalis vita est obiectum poenitentiae, non
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520 ratione poenae, sed ratione culpae annexae.</p><p title="III q. 84 a. 2 ad 3"><a name="51220"><span class="ref">[51220] IIIª q. 84 a. 2 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
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521 dicendum quod poenitentia quodammodo est de quolibet peccatorum
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522 genere, non tamen eodem modo. Nam de peccato actuali mortali est
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523 poenitentia proprie et principaliter, proprie quidem, quia proprie
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524 dicimur poenitere de his quae nostra voluntate commisimus;
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525 principaliter autem, quia ad deletionem peccati mortalis hoc
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526 sacramentum est institutum. De peccatis autem venialibus est
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527 quaedam poenitentia proprie, inquantum sunt nostra voluntate facta,
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528 non tamen contra haec principaliter est hoc sacramentum institutum.
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529 De peccato vero originali poenitentia nec principaliter est, quia
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530 contra ipsum non ordinatur hoc sacramentum, sed magis Baptismus,
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531 nec etiam proprie, quia peccatum originale non est nostra voluntate
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532 peractum; nisi forte inquantum voluntas Adae reputatur nostra,
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533 secundum modum loquendi quo apostolus dicit, Rom. V, <i>in quo
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534 omnes peccaverunt</i>. Inquantum tamen accipitur poenitentia large
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535 pro quacumque detestatione rei praeteritae, potest dici poenitentia
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536 de peccato originali, sicut loquitur Augustinus in libro de
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537 poenitentia.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 3</h3><p title="III q. 84 a. 3 arg. 1"><a name="51221"><span class="ref">[51221] IIIª q. 84 a. 3 arg. 1</span></a> Ad tertium sic
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538 proceditur. Videtur quod haec non sit forma huius sacramenti, ego
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539 te absolvo. Formae enim sacramentorum ex institutione Christi et
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540 usu Ecclesiae habentur. Sed Christus non legitur hanc formam
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541 instituisse. Neque etiam in communi usu habetur, quinimmo in
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542 quibusdam absolutionibus quae in Ecclesia publice fiunt, sicut in
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543 prima et completorio et in cena domini, absolvens non utitur
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diff changeset
544 oratione indicativa, ut dicat, ego vos absolvo, sed oratione
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parents: 26
diff changeset
545 deprecativa, cum dicit, misereatur vestri omnipotens Deus, vel,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
546 absolutionem tribuat vobis omnipotens Deus. Ergo haec non est forma
53
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547 huius sacramenti, ego te absolvo.</p><p title="III q. 84 a. 3 arg. 2"><a name="51222"><span class="ref">[51222] IIIª q. 84 a. 3 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea, Leo
28
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diff changeset
548 Papa dicit, <i>indulgentia Dei nisi supplicationibus sacerdotum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
549 nequit obtineri</i>. Loquitur autem de indulgentia Dei quae
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parents: 26
diff changeset
550 praestatur poenitentibus. Ergo forma huius sacramenti debet esse
53
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diff changeset
551 per modum deprecationis.</p><p title="III q. 84 a. 3 arg. 3"><a name="51223"><span class="ref">[51223] IIIª q. 84 a. 3 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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diff changeset
552 idem est absolvere a peccato quod peccatum remittere. Sed <i>solus
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diff changeset
553 Deus peccatum remittit, qui etiam solus interius a peccato
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parents: 26
diff changeset
554 mundat</i>, ut Augustinus dicit, super Ioan. Ergo videtur quod
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555 solus Deus a peccato absolvat. Non ergo debet dicere sacerdos, ego
53
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556 te absolvo, sicut non dicit, ego tibi peccata remitto.</p><p title="III q. 84 a. 3 arg. 4"><a name="51224"><span class="ref">[51224] IIIª q. 84 a. 3 arg. 4</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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557 sicut dominus dedit potestatem discipulis absolvendi a peccatis,
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diff changeset
558 ita etiam dedit eis potestatem curandi infirmitates, scilicet <i>ut
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diff changeset
559 Daemonia eiicerent et ut languores curarent</i>, ut habetur Matth.
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diff changeset
560 X et Luc. IX. Sed sanando infirmos apostoli non utebantur his
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diff changeset
561 verbis, ego te sano, sed, sanet te dominus Iesus Christus. Ergo
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diff changeset
562 videtur quod sacerdotes, habentes potestatem apostolis a Christo
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563 traditam, non debeant uti hac forma verborum, ego te absolvo, sed,
53
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564 absolutionem praebeat tibi Christus.</p><p title="III q. 84 a. 3 arg. 5"><a name="51225"><span class="ref">[51225] IIIª q. 84 a. 3 arg. 5</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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565 quidam hac forma utentes sic eam exponunt, <i>ego te absolvo,
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diff changeset
566 idest, absolutum ostendo</i>. Sed neque hoc sacerdos facere potest,
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diff changeset
567 nisi ei divinitus reveletur. Unde, ut legitur Matth. XVI, antequam
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diff changeset
568 Petro diceretur, <i>quodcumque solveris super terram, erit</i>
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diff changeset
569 etc., dictum est ei, <i>beatus es, Simon Bar Iona, quia caro et
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570 sanguis non revelavit tibi, sed pater meus, qui in caelis est</i>.
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571 Ergo videtur quod sacerdos cui non est facta revelatio,
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572 praesumptuose dicat, ego te absolvo, etiam si exponatur, idest,
53
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573 absolutum ostendo.</p><p title="III q. 84 a. 3 s. c."><a name="51226"><span class="ref">[51226] IIIª q. 84 a. 3 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28
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diff changeset
574 quod, sicut dominus dixit discipulis, Matth. ult., <i>euntes,
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diff changeset
575 docete omnes gentes, baptizantes eos</i>, ita dixit Petro, Matth.
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diff changeset
576 XVI, <i>quodcumque solveris</i>. Sed sacerdos, auctoritate illorum
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diff changeset
577 verborum Christi fretus, dicit, ego te baptizo. Ergo, eadem
53
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diff changeset
578 auctoritate, dicere debet in hoc sacramento, ego te absolvo.</p><p title="III q. 84 a. 3 co."><a name="51227"><span class="ref">[51227] IIIª q. 84 a. 3 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
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diff changeset
579 dicendum quod in qualibet re perfectio attribuitur formae. Dictum
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diff changeset
580 est autem supra quod hoc sacramentum perficitur per ea quae sunt ex
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diff changeset
581 parte sacerdotis. Unde oportet quod ea quae sunt ex parte
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diff changeset
582 poenitentis, sive sint verba sive facta, sint quaedam materia huius
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diff changeset
583 sacramenti, ea vero quae sunt ex parte sacerdotis, se habent per
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parents: 26
diff changeset
584 modum formae. Cum autem sacramenta novae legis efficiant quod
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585 figurant, ut supra dictum est; oportet quod forma sacramenti
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diff changeset
586 significet id quod in sacramento agitur, proportionaliter materiae
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diff changeset
587 sacramenti. Unde forma Baptismi est, ego te baptizo, et forma
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diff changeset
588 confirmationis, <i>consigno te signo crucis et confirmo te
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diff changeset
589 chrismate salutis</i>, eo quod huiusmodi sacramenta perficiuntur in
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diff changeset
590 usu materiae. In sacramento autem Eucharistiae, quod consistit in
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parents: 26
diff changeset
591 ipsa consecratione materiae, exprimitur veritas consecrationis, cum
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diff changeset
592 dicitur, <i>hoc est corpus meum</i>. Hoc autem sacramentum,
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diff changeset
593 scilicet poenitentiae, non consistit in consecratione alicuius
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diff changeset
594 materiae, nec in usu alicuius materiae sanctificatae, sed magis in
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diff changeset
595 remotione cuiusdam materiae, scilicet peccati, prout peccata
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diff changeset
596 dicuntur esse materia poenitentiae, ut ex supra dictis patet. Talis
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diff changeset
597 autem remotio significatur a sacerdote cum dicitur, ego te absolvo,
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598 nam peccata sunt quaedam vincula, secundum illud Proverb. V,
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599 <i>iniquitates suae capiunt impium, et funibus peccatorum suorum
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diff changeset
600 quisque constringitur</i>. Unde patet quod haec est
53
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601 convenientissima forma huius sacramenti, ego te absolvo.</p><p title="III q. 84 a. 3 ad 1"><a name="51228"><span class="ref">[51228] IIIª q. 84 a. 3 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28
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diff changeset
602 dicendum quod ista forma sumitur ex ipsis verbis Christi quibus
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diff changeset
603 Petro dixit, <i>quodcumque solveris super terram</i>, et cetera. Et
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diff changeset
604 tali forma utitur Ecclesia in sacramentali absolutione. Huiusmodi
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605 autem absolutiones in publico factae non sunt sacramentales, sed
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diff changeset
606 sunt orationes quaedam ordinatae ad remissionem venialium
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diff changeset
607 peccatorum. Unde in sacramentali absolutione non sufficeret dicere,
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diff changeset
608 misereatur tui omnipotens Deus, vel, absolutionem et remissionem
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parents: 26
diff changeset
609 tribuat tibi Deus, quia per haec verba sacerdos absolutionem non
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610 significat fieri, sed petit ut fiat. Praemittitur tamen etiam in
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611 sacramentali absolutione talis oratio, ne impediatur effectus
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diff changeset
612 sacramenti ex parte poenitentis, cuius actus materialiter se habent
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613 in hoc sacramento, non autem in Baptismo vel in confirmatione.</p><p title="III q. 84 a. 3 ad 2"><a name="51229"><span class="ref">[51229] IIIª q. 84 a. 3 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
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614 dicendum quod verbum Leonis Papae est intelligendum quantum ad
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615 deprecationem quae praemittitur absolutioni. Non autem removet quin
53
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616 sacerdotes absolvant.</p><p title="III q. 84 a. 3 ad 3"><a name="51230"><span class="ref">[51230] IIIª q. 84 a. 3 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
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diff changeset
617 dicendum quod solus Deus per auctoritatem et a peccato absolvit et
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diff changeset
618 peccata remittit. Sacerdotes autem utrumque faciunt per
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diff changeset
619 ministerium, inquantum scilicet verba sacerdotis in hoc sacramento
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620 instrumentaliter operantur, sicut etiam in aliis sacramentis; nam
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621 virtus divina est quae interius operatur in omnibus sacramentalibus
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622 signis, sive sint res sive sint verba, sicut ex supra dictis patet.
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diff changeset
623 Unde et dominus utrumque expressit, nam Matth. XVI dixit Petro,
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diff changeset
624 <i>quodcumque solveris super terram</i>, etc.; et Ioan. XX dixit
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diff changeset
625 discipulis, <i>quorum remiseritis peccata, remittuntur eis</i>.
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626 Ideo tamen sacerdos potius dicit, ego te absolvo, quam, ego tibi
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diff changeset
627 peccata remitto, quia hoc magis congruit verbis quae dominus dixit
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diff changeset
628 virtutem clavium ostendens, per quas sacerdotes absolvunt. Quia
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diff changeset
629 tamen sacerdos sicut minister absolvit, convenienter apponitur
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diff changeset
630 aliquid quod pertineat ad primam auctoritatem Dei, scilicet ut
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diff changeset
631 dicatur, <i>ego te absolvo in nomine patris et filii et spiritus
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diff changeset
632 sancti</i>, vel, per virtutem passionis Christi, vel, auctoritate
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diff changeset
633 Dei, sicut Dionysius exponit, XIII cap. Caelest. Hier. Quia tamen
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diff changeset
634 hoc non est determinatum ex verbis Christi, sicut in Baptismo,
53
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635 talis appositio relinquitur arbitrio sacerdotis.</p><p title="III q. 84 a. 3 ad 4"><a name="51231"><span class="ref">[51231] IIIª q. 84 a. 3 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
28
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diff changeset
636 dicendum quod apostolis non est data potestas ut ipsi sanarent
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diff changeset
637 infirmos, sed ut ad eorum orationem infirmi sanarentur. Est autem
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diff changeset
638 eis collata potestas operandi instrumentaliter, sive
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diff changeset
639 ministerialiter, in sacramentis. Et ideo magis possunt in formis
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diff changeset
640 sacramentalibus exprimere actum suum quam in sanationibus
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diff changeset
641 infirmitatum. In quibus tamen non semper utebantur modo
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diff changeset
642 deprecativo, sed quandoque etiam modo indicativo et imperativo,
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diff changeset
643 sicut Act. III legitur quod Petrus dixit claudo, <i>quod habeo, hoc
53
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diff changeset
644 tibi do. In nomine Iesu Christi, surge et ambula</i>.</p><p title="III q. 84 a. 3 ad 5"><a name="51232"><span class="ref">[51232] IIIª q. 84 a. 3 ad 5</span></a> Ad quintum
28
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diff changeset
645 dicendum quod ista expositio, <i>ego te absolvo, idest, absolutum
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diff changeset
646 ostendo</i>, quantum ad aliquid quidem vera est, non tamen est
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diff changeset
647 perfecta. Sacramenta enim novae legis non solum significant, sed
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diff changeset
648 etiam faciunt quod significant. Unde sicut sacerdos, baptizando
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diff changeset
649 aliquem, ostendit hominem interius ablutum per verba et facta, non
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diff changeset
650 solum significative, sed etiam effective; ita etiam cum dicit, ego
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diff changeset
651 te absolvo, ostendit hominem absolutum non solum significative, sed
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diff changeset
652 etiam effective. Nec tamen loquitur quasi de re incerta. Quia sicut
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diff changeset
653 alia sacramenta novae legis habent de se certum effectum ex virtute
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diff changeset
654 passionis Christi, licet possit impediri ex parte recipientis, ita
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diff changeset
655 etiam est et in hoc sacramento. Unde Augustinus dicit, in libro de
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diff changeset
656 Adult. Coniug., <i>non est turpis nec difficilis post patrata et
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diff changeset
657 purgata adulteria reconciliatio coniugii, ubi per claves regni
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diff changeset
658 caelorum non dubitatur fieri remissio peccatorum</i>. Unde nec
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diff changeset
659 sacerdos indiget speciali revelatione sibi facta, sed sufficit
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parents: 26
diff changeset
660 generalis revelatio fidei, per quam remittuntur peccata. Unde
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diff changeset
661 revelatio fidei dicitur Petro facta fuisse. Esset autem perfectior
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diff changeset
662 expositio, ego te absolvo, idest, sacramentum absolutionis tibi
53
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diff changeset
663 impendo.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 4</h3><p title="III q. 84 a. 4 arg. 1"><a name="51233"><span class="ref">[51233] IIIª q. 84 a. 4 arg. 1</span></a> Ad quartum sic
28
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diff changeset
664 proceditur. Videtur quod impositio manuum sacerdotis requiratur ad
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diff changeset
665 hoc sacramentum. Dicitur enim Marc. ult., <i>super aegros manus
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diff changeset
666 imponent, et bene habebunt</i>. Aegri autem spiritualiter sunt
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667 peccatores, qui recipiunt bonam habitudinem per hoc sacramentum.
53
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diff changeset
668 Ergo in hoc sacramento est manus impositio facienda.</p><p title="III q. 84 a. 4 arg. 2"><a name="51234"><span class="ref">[51234] IIIª q. 84 a. 4 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea, in
28
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diff changeset
669 sacramento poenitentiae recuperat homo spiritum sanctum amissum,
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diff changeset
670 unde ex persona poenitentis dicitur in Psalmo, <i>redde mihi
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671 laetitiam salutaris tui, et spiritu principali confirma me</i>. Sed
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diff changeset
672 spiritus sanctus datur per impositionem manuum, legitur enim Act.
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diff changeset
673 VIII, quod <i>apostoli imponebant manus super illos, et accipiebant
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diff changeset
674 spiritum sanctum</i>; et Matth. XIX dicitur quod <i>oblati sunt
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diff changeset
675 domino parvuli ut eis manus imponeret</i>. Ergo in hoc sacramento
53
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diff changeset
676 est manus impositio facienda.</p><p title="III q. 84 a. 4 arg. 3"><a name="51235"><span class="ref">[51235] IIIª q. 84 a. 4 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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diff changeset
677 verba sacerdotis in hoc sacramento non sunt maioris efficaciae quam
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diff changeset
678 in aliis sacramentis. Sed in aliis sacramentis non sufficiunt verba
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diff changeset
679 ministri, nisi aliquem actum exerceret, sicut in Baptismo, simul
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parents: 26
diff changeset
680 cum hoc quod dicit sacerdos, ego te baptizo, requiritur corporalis
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parents: 26
diff changeset
681 ablutio. Ergo etiam, simul cum hoc quod dicit sacerdos, ego te
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diff changeset
682 absolvo, oportet quod aliquem actum exerceat circa poenitentem,
53
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diff changeset
683 imponendo ei manus.</p><p title="III q. 84 a. 4 s. c."><a name="51236"><span class="ref">[51236] IIIª q. 84 a. 4 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28
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diff changeset
684 quod dominus dixit Petro, <i>quodcumque solveris super terram,
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diff changeset
685 erit</i> etc., nullam mentionem de manus impositione faciens. Neque
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diff changeset
686 etiam cum omnibus apostolis simul dixit, <i>quorum remiseritis
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diff changeset
687 peccata, remittuntur eis</i>. Non ergo ad hoc sacramentum
53
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diff changeset
688 requiritur impositio manuum.</p><p title="III q. 84 a. 4 co."><a name="51237"><span class="ref">[51237] IIIª q. 84 a. 4 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
689 dicendum quod impositio manuum in sacramentis Ecclesiae fit ad
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diff changeset
690 designandum aliquem copiosum effectum gratiae, quo illi quibus
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parents: 26
diff changeset
691 manus imponitur, quodammodo continuantur per quandam similitudinem
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parents: 26
diff changeset
692 ministris, in quibus copia esse debet. Et ideo manus impositio fit
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parents: 26
diff changeset
693 in sacramento confirmationis, in quo confertur plenitudo spiritus
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diff changeset
694 sancti; et in sacramento ordinis, in quo confertur quaedam
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diff changeset
695 excellentia potestatis in divinis ministeriis; unde et II Tim. I
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diff changeset
696 dicitur, <i>resuscites gratiam Dei quae est in te per impositionem
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parents: 26
diff changeset
697 manuum mearum</i>. Sacramentum autem poenitentiae non ordinatur ad
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parents: 26
diff changeset
698 consequendum aliquam excellentiam gratiae, sed ad remissionem
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parents: 26
diff changeset
699 peccatorum. Et ideo ad hoc sacramentum non requiritur impositio,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
700 sicut etiam nec ad Baptismum, in quo tamen fit plenior remissio
53
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diff changeset
701 peccatorum.</p><p title="III q. 84 a. 4 ad 1"><a name="51238"><span class="ref">[51238] IIIª q. 84 a. 4 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
702 dicendum quod illa manus impositio non est sacramentalis, sed
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parents: 26
diff changeset
703 ordinatur ad miracula facienda, ut scilicet per contactum manus
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parents: 26
diff changeset
704 hominis sanctificati etiam corporalis infirmitas tollatur. Sicut
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parents: 26
diff changeset
705 etiam legitur de domino, Marci VI, quod <i>infirmos impositis
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diff changeset
706 manibus curavit</i>; et Matth. VIII legitur quod per contactum
53
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diff changeset
707 leprosum mundavit.</p><p title="III q. 84 a. 4 ad 2"><a name="51239"><span class="ref">[51239] IIIª q. 84 a. 4 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
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diff changeset
708 dicendum quod non quaelibet acceptio spiritus sancti requirit manus
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parents: 26
diff changeset
709 impositionem, quia etiam in Baptismo accipit homo spiritum sanctum,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
710 nec tamen fit ibi manus impositio. Sed acceptio spiritus sancti cum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
711 plenitudine requirit manus impositionem, quod pertinet ad
53
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diff changeset
712 confirmationem.</p><p title="III q. 84 a. 4 ad 3"><a name="51240"><span class="ref">[51240] IIIª q. 84 a. 4 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
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diff changeset
713 dicendum quod in sacramentis quae perficiuntur in usu materiae,
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diff changeset
714 minister habet aliquem corporalem actum exercere circa eum qui
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parents: 26
diff changeset
715 suscipit sacramentum, sicut in Baptismo et confirmatione et extrema
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parents: 26
diff changeset
716 unctione. Sed hoc sacramentum non consistit in usu alicuius
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diff changeset
717 materiae exterius appositae, sed loco materiae se habent ea quae
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diff changeset
718 sunt ex parte poenitentis. Unde, sicut in Eucharistia sacerdos sola
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diff changeset
719 prolatione verborum super materiam perficit sacramentum, ita etiam
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diff changeset
720 sola verba sacerdotis absolventis super poenitentem perficiunt
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parents: 26
diff changeset
721 absolutionis sacramentum. Et si aliquis actus corporalis esset ex
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diff changeset
722 parte sacerdotis, non minus competeret crucesignatio, quae
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diff changeset
723 adhibetur in Eucharistia, quam manus impositio, in signum quod per
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diff changeset
724 sanguinem crucis Christi remittuntur peccata. Et tamen non est de
53
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725 necessitate sacramenti, sicut nec de necessitate Eucharistiae.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 5</h3><p title="III q. 84 a. 5 arg. 1"><a name="51241"><span class="ref">[51241] IIIª q. 84 a. 5 arg. 1</span></a> Ad quintum sic
28
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726 proceditur. Videtur quod hoc sacramentum non sit de necessitate
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diff changeset
727 salutis. Quia super illud Psalmi, <i>qui seminant in lacrimis</i>
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diff changeset
728 etc., dicit Glossa, <i>noli esse tristis, si adsit tibi bona
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diff changeset
729 voluntas, unde metitur pax</i>. Sed tristitia est de ratione
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diff changeset
730 poenitentiae, secundum illud II Cor. VII, <i>quae secundum Deum est
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diff changeset
731 tristitia, poenitentiam in salutem stabilem operatur</i>. Ergo bona
53
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diff changeset
732 voluntas, sine poenitentia, sufficit ad salutem.</p><p title="III q. 84 a. 5 arg. 2"><a name="51242"><span class="ref">[51242] IIIª q. 84 a. 5 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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diff changeset
733 Proverb. X dicitur, <i>universa delicta operit caritas</i>; et
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diff changeset
734 infra, XV, <i>per misericordiam et fidem purgantur peccata</i>. Sed
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diff changeset
735 hoc sacramentum non est nisi ad purgandum peccata. Ergo, habendo
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diff changeset
736 caritatem et fidem et misericordiam, potest quisque salutem
53
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diff changeset
737 consequi, etiam sine poenitentiae sacramento.</p><p title="III q. 84 a. 5 arg. 3"><a name="51243"><span class="ref">[51243] IIIª q. 84 a. 5 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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diff changeset
738 sacramenta Ecclesiae initium habent ab institutione Christi. Sed,
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diff changeset
739 sicut legitur Ioan. VIII, Christus mulierem adulteram absolvit
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diff changeset
740 absque poenitentia. Ergo videtur quod poenitentia non sit de
53
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diff changeset
741 necessitate salutis.</p><p title="III q. 84 a. 5 s. c."><a name="51244"><span class="ref">[51244] IIIª q. 84 a. 5 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28
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diff changeset
742 quod dominus dicit, Luc. XIII, <i>si poenitentiam non egeritis,
53
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diff changeset
743 omnes simul peribitis</i>.</p><p title="III q. 84 a. 5 co."><a name="51245"><span class="ref">[51245] IIIª q. 84 a. 5 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
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diff changeset
744 dicendum quod aliquid est necessarium ad salutem dupliciter, uno
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diff changeset
745 modo, absolute; alio modo, ex suppositione. Absolute quidem
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diff changeset
746 necessarium est illud sine quo nullus salutem consequi potest,
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diff changeset
747 sicut gratia Christi, et sacramentum Baptismi, per quod aliquis in
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diff changeset
748 Christo renascitur. Ex suppositione autem est necessarium
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diff changeset
749 sacramentum poenitentiae, quod quidem necessarium non est omnibus,
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diff changeset
750 sed peccato subiacentibus; dicitur enim in II Paralip. ult., <i>et
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diff changeset
751 tu, domine iustorum, non posuisti poenitentiam iustis, Abraham,
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diff changeset
752 Isaac et Iacob, his qui tibi non peccaverunt. Peccatum autem, cum
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diff changeset
753 consummatum fuerit, generat mortem</i>, ut dicitur Iac. I. Et ideo
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diff changeset
754 necessarium est ad salutem peccatoris quod peccatum removeatur ab
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diff changeset
755 eo. Quod quidem fieri non potest sine poenitentiae sacramento, in
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diff changeset
756 quo operatur virtus passionis Christi per absolutionem sacerdotis
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diff changeset
757 simul cum opere poenitentis, qui cooperatur gratiae ad
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diff changeset
758 destructionem peccati, sicut enim dicit Augustinus, super Ioan.,
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diff changeset
759 <i>qui creavit te sine te, non iustificabit te sine te</i>. Unde
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diff changeset
760 patet quod sacramentum poenitentiae est necessarium ad salutem post
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diff changeset
761 peccatum, sicut medicatio corporalis postquam homo in morbum
53
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diff changeset
762 periculosum inciderit.</p><p title="III q. 84 a. 5 ad 1"><a name="51246"><span class="ref">[51246] IIIª q. 84 a. 5 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28
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diff changeset
763 dicendum quod Glossa illa videtur intelligenda de eo cui adest bona
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diff changeset
764 voluntas sine interpolatione quae fit per peccatum, tales autem non
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diff changeset
765 habent tristitiae causam. Sed ex quo bona voluntas tollitur per
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diff changeset
766 peccatum, non potest restitui sine tristitia, qua quis dolet de
53
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diff changeset
767 peccato praeterito, quod pertinet ad poenitentiam.</p><p title="III q. 84 a. 5 ad 2"><a name="51247"><span class="ref">[51247] IIIª q. 84 a. 5 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
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diff changeset
768 dicendum quod ex quo aliquis peccatum incurrit, caritas et fides et
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diff changeset
769 misericordia non liberant hominem a peccato sine poenitentia.
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diff changeset
770 Requirit enim caritas quod homo doleat de offensa in amicum
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diff changeset
771 commissa, et quod amico homo reconciliari studeat. Requirit etiam
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diff changeset
772 ipsa fides ut per virtutem passionis Christi, quae in sacramentis
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diff changeset
773 Ecclesiae operatur, quaerat iustificari a peccatis. Requirit etiam
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diff changeset
774 ipsa misericordia ordinata ut homo subveniat poenitendo suae
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diff changeset
775 miseriae, quam per peccatum incurrit, secundum illud Proverb. XIV,
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diff changeset
776 <i>miseros facit populos peccatum</i>, unde et Eccli. XXX dicitur,
53
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777 <i>miserere animae tuae placens Deo</i>.</p><p title="III q. 84 a. 5 ad 3"><a name="51248"><span class="ref">[51248] IIIª q. 84 a. 5 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
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diff changeset
778 dicendum quod ad potestatem excellentiae, quam solus Christus
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diff changeset
779 habuit, ut supra dictum est, pertinuit quod Christus effectum
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diff changeset
780 sacramenti poenitentiae, qui est remissio peccatorum, contulit
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diff changeset
781 mulieri adulterae sine poenitentiae sacramento, licet non sine
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diff changeset
782 interiori poenitentia, quam ipse in ea per gratiam est
53
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diff changeset
783 operatus.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 6</h3><p title="III q. 84 a. 6 arg. 1"><a name="51249"><span class="ref">[51249] IIIª q. 84 a. 6 arg. 1</span></a> Ad sextum sic
28
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diff changeset
784 proceditur. Videtur quod poenitentia non sit secunda tabula post
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diff changeset
785 naufragium. Quia super illud Isaiae III, <i>peccatum suum sicut
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diff changeset
786 Sodoma praedicaverunt</i>, dicit Glossa, <i>secunda tabula post
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diff changeset
787 naufragium est peccata abscondere</i>. Poenitentia autem non
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diff changeset
788 abscondit peccata, sed magis ea revelat. Ergo poenitentia non est
53
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diff changeset
789 secunda tabula.</p><p title="III q. 84 a. 6 arg. 2"><a name="51250"><span class="ref">[51250] IIIª q. 84 a. 6 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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diff changeset
790 fundamentum in aedificio non tenet secundum, sed primum locum.
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diff changeset
791 Poenitentia autem in spirituali aedificio est fundamentum, secundum
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diff changeset
792 illud Heb. VI, <i>non rursum iacientes fundamentum poenitentiae ab
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diff changeset
793 operibus mortuis</i>. Unde et praecedit ipsum Baptismum, secundum
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diff changeset
794 illud Act. II, <i>poenitentiam agite, et baptizetur unusquisque
53
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diff changeset
795 vestrum</i>. Ergo poenitentia non debet dici secunda tabula.</p><p title="III q. 84 a. 6 arg. 3"><a name="51251"><span class="ref">[51251] IIIª q. 84 a. 6 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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diff changeset
796 omnia sacramenta sunt quaedam tabulae, idest remedia contra
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diff changeset
797 peccatum. Sed poenitentia non tenet secundum locum inter
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diff changeset
798 sacramenta, sed magis quartum, ut ex supra dictis patet. Ergo
53
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diff changeset
799 poenitentia non debet dici secunda tabula post naufragium.</p><p title="III q. 84 a. 6 s. c."><a name="51252"><span class="ref">[51252] IIIª q. 84 a. 6 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28
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diff changeset
800 quod Hieronymus dicit quod <i>secunda tabula post naufragium est
53
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diff changeset
801 poenitentia</i>.</p><p title="III q. 84 a. 6 co."><a name="51253"><span class="ref">[51253] IIIª q. 84 a. 6 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
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diff changeset
802 dicendum quod id quod est per se, naturaliter prius est eo quod est
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diff changeset
803 per accidens, sicut et substantia prior est accidente. Sacramenta
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diff changeset
804 autem quaedam per se ordinantur ad salutem hominis, sicut
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diff changeset
805 Baptismus, qui est spiritualis generatio, et confirmatio, quae est
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diff changeset
806 spirituale augmentum, et Eucharistia, quae est spirituale
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diff changeset
807 nutrimentum. Poenitentia autem ordinatur ad salutem hominis quasi
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diff changeset
808 per accidens, supposito quodam, scilicet ex suppositione peccati.
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diff changeset
809 Nisi enim homo peccaret actualiter, poenitentia non indigeret,
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diff changeset
810 indigeret tamen Baptismo et confirmatione et Eucharistia, sicut et
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diff changeset
811 in vita corporali non indigeret homo medicatione nisi infirmaretur,
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diff changeset
812 indiget autem homo per se ad vitam generatione, augmento et
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diff changeset
813 nutrimento. Et ideo poenitentia tenet secundum locum respectu
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diff changeset
814 status integritatis, qui confertur et conservatur per sacramenta
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diff changeset
815 praedicta. Unde metaphorice dicitur secunda tabula post naufragium.
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diff changeset
816 Nam primum remedium mare transeuntibus est ut conserventur in navi
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diff changeset
817 integra, secundum autem remedium est, post navim fractam, ut
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diff changeset
818 aliquis tabulae adhaereat. Ita etiam primum remedium in mari huius
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diff changeset
819 vitae est quod homo integritatem servet, secundum autem remedium
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diff changeset
820 est, si per peccatum integritatem perdiderit, quod per poenitentiam
53
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821 redeat.</p><p title="III q. 84 a. 6 ad 1"><a name="51254"><span class="ref">[51254] IIIª q. 84 a. 6 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28
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diff changeset
822 dicendum quod abscondere peccata contingit dupliciter. Uno modo,
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diff changeset
823 dum ipsa peccata fiunt. Est autem peius peccare publice quam
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diff changeset
824 occulte, tum quia peccator publicus videtur ex contemptu maiori
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diff changeset
825 peccare; tum etiam quia peccat cum scandalo aliorum. Et ideo est
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diff changeset
826 quoddam remedium in peccatis quod aliquis in occulto peccet. Et
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diff changeset
827 secundum hoc dicit Glossa quod <i>secunda tabula post naufragium
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diff changeset
828 est peccata abscondere</i>, non quod per hoc tollatur peccatum,
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diff changeset
829 sicut per poenitentiam; sed quia per hoc peccatum fit minus. Alio
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diff changeset
830 modo, aliquis abscondit peccatum prius factum per negligentiam
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diff changeset
831 confessionis. Et hoc contrariatur poenitentiae. Et sic abscondere
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diff changeset
832 peccatum non est secunda tabula, sed magis contrarium tabulae,
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diff changeset
833 dicitur enim Proverb. XXVIII, <i>qui abscondit scelera sua, non
53
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diff changeset
834 dirigetur</i>.</p><p title="III q. 84 a. 6 ad 2"><a name="51255"><span class="ref">[51255] IIIª q. 84 a. 6 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
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diff changeset
835 dicendum quod poenitentia non potest dici fundamentum spiritualis
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diff changeset
836 aedificii simpliciter, idest in prima aedificatione, sed est
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diff changeset
837 fundamentum in secunda reaedificatione, quae fit post destructionem
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diff changeset
838 peccati; nam primo redeuntibus ad Deum occurrit poenitentia.
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diff changeset
839 Apostolus tamen ibi loquitur de fundamento spiritualis doctrinae.
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diff changeset
840 Poenitentia autem quae Baptismum praecedit, non est poenitentiae
53
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diff changeset
841 sacramentum.</p><p title="III q. 84 a. 6 ad 3"><a name="51256"><span class="ref">[51256] IIIª q. 84 a. 6 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
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diff changeset
842 dicendum quod tria praecedentia sacramenta pertinent ad navem
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diff changeset
843 integram, idest ad statum integritatis, respectu cuius poenitentia
53
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diff changeset
844 dicitur secunda tabula.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 7</h3><p title="III q. 84 a. 7 arg. 1"><a name="51257"><span class="ref">[51257] IIIª q. 84 a. 7 arg. 1</span></a> Ad septimum
28
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diff changeset
845 sic proceditur. Videtur quod hoc sacramentum non fuerit
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diff changeset
846 convenienter institutum in nova lege. Ea enim quae sunt de iure
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parents: 26
diff changeset
847 naturali, institutione non indigent. Sed poenitere de malis quae
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parents: 26
diff changeset
848 quis gessit, est de iure naturali, non enim potest aliquis bonum
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diff changeset
849 diligere quin de contrario doleat. Ergo non est poenitentia
53
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diff changeset
850 convenienter instituta in nova lege.</p><p title="III q. 84 a. 7 arg. 2"><a name="51258"><span class="ref">[51258] IIIª q. 84 a. 7 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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diff changeset
851 illud quod fuit in veteri lege, instituendum non fuit. Sed etiam in
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diff changeset
852 veteri lege fuit poenitentia, unde et dominus conqueritur, Ierem.
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diff changeset
853 VIII, dicens, <i>nullus est qui agat poenitentiam super peccato
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854 suo, dicens, quid feci?</i> Ergo poenitentia non debuit institui in
53
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855 nova lege.</p><p title="III q. 84 a. 7 arg. 3"><a name="51259"><span class="ref">[51259] IIIª q. 84 a. 7 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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diff changeset
856 poenitentia consequenter se habet ad Baptismum, cum sit secunda
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parents: 26
diff changeset
857 tabula, ut supra dictum est. Sed poenitentia videtur a domino
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parents: 26
diff changeset
858 instituta ante Baptismum, nam in principio praedicationis suae
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diff changeset
859 legitur dominus dixisse, Matth. IV, <i>poenitentiam agite,
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diff changeset
860 appropinquabit enim regnum caelorum</i>. Ergo hoc sacramentum non
53
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diff changeset
861 fuit convenienter institutum in nova lege.</p><p title="III q. 84 a. 7 arg. 4"><a name="51260"><span class="ref">[51260] IIIª q. 84 a. 7 arg. 4</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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diff changeset
862 sacramenta novae legis institutionem habent a Christo, ex cuius
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diff changeset
863 virtute operantur, ut supra dictum est. Sed Christus non videtur
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parents: 26
diff changeset
864 instituisse hoc sacramentum, cum ipse non sit usus eo, sicut aliis
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diff changeset
865 sacramentis quae ipse instituit. Ergo hoc sacramentum non fuit
53
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diff changeset
866 convenienter institutum in nova lege.</p><p title="III q. 84 a. 7 s. c."><a name="51261"><span class="ref">[51261] IIIª q. 84 a. 7 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28
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diff changeset
867 quod dominus dicit, Luc. ult., <i>oportebat Christum pati, et
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diff changeset
868 resurgere a mortuis die tertia, et praedicari in nomine eius
53
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diff changeset
869 poenitentiam et remissionem peccatorum in omnes gentes</i>.</p><p title="III q. 84 a. 7 co."><a name="51262"><span class="ref">[51262] IIIª q. 84 a. 7 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
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diff changeset
870 dicendum quod, sicut dictum est, in hoc sacramento actus
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diff changeset
871 poenitentis se habet sicut materia; id autem quod est ex parte
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parents: 26
diff changeset
872 sacerdotis, qui operatur ut minister Christi, se habet ut formale
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diff changeset
873 et completivum sacramenti. Materia vero, etiam in aliis
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parents: 26
diff changeset
874 sacramentis, praeexistit a natura, ut aqua, vel ab aliqua arte, ut
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parents: 26
diff changeset
875 panis, sed quod talis materia ad sacramentum assumatur, indiget
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parents: 26
diff changeset
876 institutione hoc determinante. Sed forma sacramenti, et virtus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
877 ipsius, totaliter est ex institutione Christi, ex cuius passione
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
878 procedit virtus sacramentorum. Sic igitur materia praeexistit a
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
879 natura, ex naturali enim ratione homo movetur ad poenitendum de
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
880 malis quae fecit, sed quod hoc vel illo modo homo poenitentiam
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parents: 26
diff changeset
881 agat, est ex institutione divina. Unde et dominus, in principio
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
882 praedicationis suae, indixit hominibus ut non solum poeniterent,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
883 sed etiam poenitentiam agerent, significans determinatos modos
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parents: 26
diff changeset
884 actuum qui requiruntur ad hoc sacramentum. Sed id quod pertinet ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
885 officium ministrorum, determinavit Matth. XVI, ubi dixit Petro,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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diff changeset
886 <i>tibi dabo claves regni caelorum</i>, et cetera. Efficaciam autem
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diff changeset
887 huius sacramenti, et originem virtutis eius, manifestavit post
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
888 resurrectionem, Luc. ult., ubi dixit quod <i>oportebat praedicari
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parents: 26
diff changeset
889 in nomine eius poenitentiam et remissionem peccatorum in omnes
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parents: 26
diff changeset
890 gentes</i>, praemisso de passione et resurrectione, virtute enim
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parents: 26
diff changeset
891 nominis Iesu Christi patientis et resurgentis hoc sacramentum
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diff changeset
892 efficaciam habet ad remissionem peccatorum. Et sic patet
53
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diff changeset
893 convenienter hoc sacramentum in nova lege fuisse institutum.</p><p title="III q. 84 a. 7 ad 1"><a name="51263"><span class="ref">[51263] IIIª q. 84 a. 7 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28
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diff changeset
894 dicendum quod de iure naturali est quod aliquis poeniteat de malis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
895 quae fecit, quantum ad hoc quod doleat se fecisse, et doloris
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
896 remedium quaerat per aliquem modum, et quod etiam aliqua signa
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parents: 26
diff changeset
897 doloris ostendat, sicut Ninivitae fecerunt, ut legitur Ionae III.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
898 In quibus tamen aliquid fuit adiunctum fidei quam ceperant ex
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parents: 26
diff changeset
899 praedicatione Ionae, ut scilicet hoc agerent sub spe veniae
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parents: 26
diff changeset
900 consequendae a Deo, secundum illud quod legitur ibi, <i>quis scit
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parents: 26
diff changeset
901 si convertatur et ignoscat Deus, et revertatur a furore irae suae,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
902 et non peribimus?</i> Sed, sicut alia quae sunt de iure naturali
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parents: 26
diff changeset
903 determinationem acceperunt ex institutione legis divinae, ut in
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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diff changeset
904 secunda parte dictum est, ita etiam et poenitentia.</p><p title="III q. 84 a. 7 ad 2"><a name="51264"><span class="ref">[51264] IIIª q. 84 a. 7 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
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diff changeset
905 dicendum quod ea quae sunt iuris naturalis diversimode
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diff changeset
906 determinationem accipiunt in veteri et nova lege, secundum quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
907 congruit imperfectioni veteris legis et perfectioni novae. Unde et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
908 poenitentia in veteri lege aliquam determinationem habuit. Quantum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
909 quidem ad dolorem, ut esset magis in corde quam in exterioribus
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parents: 26
diff changeset
910 signis, secundum illud Ioel II, <i>scindite corda vestra, et non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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diff changeset
911 vestimenta vestra</i>. Quantum autem ad remedium doloris
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
912 quaerendum, ut aliquo modo ministris Dei peccata sua confiterentur,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
913 ad minus in generali, unde dominus, Levit. V, dicit, <i>anima quae
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diff changeset
914 peccaverit per ignorantiam, offeret arietem immaculatum de gregibus
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diff changeset
915 sacerdoti, iuxta mensuram aestimationemque peccati, qui orabit pro
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diff changeset
916 eo quod nesciens fecerit, et dimittetur ei</i>; in hoc enim ipso
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diff changeset
917 quod oblationem faciebat aliquis pro peccato suo, quodammodo
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diff changeset
918 peccatum suum sacerdoti confitebatur; et secundum hoc dicitur
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diff changeset
919 Proverb. XXVIII, <i>qui abscondit scelera sua, non dirigetur, qui
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
920 autem confessus fuerit et reliquerit ea, misericordiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
921 consequetur</i>. Nondum autem instituta erat potestas clavium, quae
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parents: 26
diff changeset
922 a passione Christi derivatur. Et per consequens nondum erat
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parents: 26
diff changeset
923 institutum quod aliquis doleret de peccato cum proposito
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diff changeset
924 subiiciendi se per confessionem et satisfactionem clavibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
925 Ecclesiae, sub spe consequendae veniae virtute passionis
53
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diff changeset
926 Christi.</p><p title="III q. 84 a. 7 ad 3"><a name="51265"><span class="ref">[51265] IIIª q. 84 a. 7 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
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diff changeset
927 dicendum quod, si quis recte consideret ea quae dominus dixit de
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diff changeset
928 necessitate Baptismi, Ioan. III, tempore praecesserunt ea quae
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parents: 26
diff changeset
929 dixit, Matth. IV, de necessitate poenitentiae. Nam id quod dixit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
930 Nicodemo de Baptismo, fuit ante incarcerationem Ioannis, de quo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
931 postea subditur quod baptizabat, illud vero quod de poenitentia
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parents: 26
diff changeset
932 dixit, Matth. IV, fuit post incarcerationem Ioannis. Si tamen prius
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
933 ad poenitentiam induxisset quam ad Baptismum, hoc ideo esset quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
934 ante Baptismum etiam requiritur quaedam poenitentia, sicut et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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diff changeset
935 Petrus dixit, Act. II, <i>poenitentiam agite, et baptizetur
53
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diff changeset
936 unusquisque vestrum</i>.</p><p title="III q. 84 a. 7 ad 4"><a name="51266"><span class="ref">[51266] IIIª q. 84 a. 7 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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diff changeset
937 dicendum quod Christus non est usus Baptismo quem ipse instituit,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
938 sed est baptizatus Baptismo Ioannis, ut supra dictum est. Sed nec
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
939 active usus est suo ministerio, quia ipse non baptizabat
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
940 communiter, sed discipuli eius, ut dicitur Ioan. IV; quamvis
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parents: 26
diff changeset
941 credendum videtur quod discipulos baptizaverit, ut Augustinus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
942 dicit, ad Seleucianum. Usus autem huius sacramenti, ab eo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
943 instituti, nullo modo competebat, neque quantum ad hoc quod ipse
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
944 poeniteret, in quo peccatum non fuit; neque quantum ad hoc quod hoc
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parents: 26
diff changeset
945 sacramentum aliis praeberet, quia, ad ostendendum misericordiam et
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parents: 26
diff changeset
946 virtutem suam, effectum huius sacramenti sine sacramento praebebat,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
947 ut supra dictum est. Sacramentum autem Eucharistiae et ipse
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
948 sumpsit, et aliis dedit. Tum ad commendandam excellentiam huius
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
949 sacramenti. Tum quia hoc sacramentum est memoriale suae passionis,
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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diff changeset
950 inquantum Christus est sacerdos et hostia.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 8</h3><p title="III q. 84 a. 8 arg. 1"><a name="51267"><span class="ref">[51267] IIIª q. 84 a. 8 arg. 1</span></a> Ad octavum sic
28
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diff changeset
951 proceditur. Videtur quod poenitentia non debeat durare usque ad
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diff changeset
952 finem vitae. Poenitentia enim ordinatur ad deletionem peccati. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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diff changeset
953 poenitens statim consequitur remissionem peccatorum, secundum illud
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
954 Ezech. XVIII, <i>si poenitentiam egerit impius ab omnibus peccatis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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diff changeset
955 suis quae operatus est, vita vivet et non morietur</i>. Ergo non
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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diff changeset
956 oportet ulterius poenitentiam protendi.</p><p title="III q. 84 a. 8 arg. 2"><a name="51268"><span class="ref">[51268] IIIª q. 84 a. 8 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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diff changeset
957 agere poenitentiam pertinet ad statum incipientium. Sed homo de hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
958 statu debet procedere ad statum proficientium, et ulterius ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
959 statum perfectorum. Ergo non debet homo poenitentiam agere usque ad
53
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diff changeset
960 finem vitae.</p><p title="III q. 84 a. 8 arg. 3"><a name="51269"><span class="ref">[51269] IIIª q. 84 a. 8 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
961 sicut in aliis sacramentis homo debet conservare statuta Ecclesiae,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
962 ita et in hoc sacramento. Sed secundum canones determinata sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
963 tempora poenitendi, ut scilicet ille qui hoc vel illud peccatum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
964 commiserit, tot annis poeniteat. Ergo videtur quod non sit
53
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diff changeset
965 poenitentia extendenda usque ad finem vitae.</p><p title="III q. 84 a. 8 s. c."><a name="51270"><span class="ref">[51270] IIIª q. 84 a. 8 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28
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diff changeset
966 quod dicit Augustinus, in libro de poenitentia, <i>quid restat
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parents: 26
diff changeset
967 nobis nisi dolere in vita? Ubi enim dolor finitur, deficit
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parents: 26
diff changeset
968 poenitentia. Si vero poenitentia finitur, quid derelinquitur de
53
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diff changeset
969 venia?</i></p><p title="III q. 84 a. 8 co."><a name="51271"><span class="ref">[51271] IIIª q. 84 a. 8 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
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diff changeset
970 dicendum quod duplex est poenitentia, scilicet interior, et
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diff changeset
971 exterior. Interior quidem poenitentia est qua quis dolet de peccato
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diff changeset
972 commisso. Et talis poenitentia debet durare usque ad finem vitae.
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diff changeset
973 Semper enim debet homini displicere quod peccavit, si enim ei
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parents: 26
diff changeset
974 placeret peccasse, iam ex hoc ipso peccatum incurreret, et fructus
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parents: 26
diff changeset
975 veniae perderet. Displicentia autem dolorem causat in eo qui est
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parents: 26
diff changeset
976 susceptivus doloris, qualis est homo in hac vita. Post hanc vitam
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parents: 26
diff changeset
977 autem sancti non sunt susceptivi doloris. Unde displicebunt eis
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parents: 26
diff changeset
978 peccata praeterita sine omni tristitia, secundum illud Isaiae LXV,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
979 <i>oblivioni traditae sunt angustiae priores</i>. Poenitentia vero
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diff changeset
980 exterior est qua quis exteriora signa doloris ostendit, et
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parents: 26
diff changeset
981 verbotenus confitetur peccata sua sacerdoti absolventi, et iuxta
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parents: 26
diff changeset
982 eius arbitrium satisfacit. Et talis poenitentia non oportet quod
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diff changeset
983 duret usque ad finem vitae, sed usque ad determinatum tempus,
53
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diff changeset
984 secundum mensuram peccati.</p><p title="III q. 84 a. 8 ad 1"><a name="51272"><span class="ref">[51272] IIIª q. 84 a. 8 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28
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diff changeset
985 dicendum quod vera poenitentia non solum removet peccata
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diff changeset
986 praeterita, sed etiam praeservat eum a peccatis futuris. Quamvis
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parents: 26
diff changeset
987 igitur homo in primo instanti verae poenitentiae remissionem
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parents: 26
diff changeset
988 consequatur praeteritorum peccatorum, oportet tamen in homine
53
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diff changeset
989 perseverare poenitentiam, ne iterum incidat in peccatum.</p><p title="III q. 84 a. 8 ad 2"><a name="51273"><span class="ref">[51273] IIIª q. 84 a. 8 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
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diff changeset
990 dicendum quod agere poenitentiam interiorem simul et exteriorem
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parents: 26
diff changeset
991 pertinet ad statum incipientium, qui scilicet de novo redeunt a
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parents: 26
diff changeset
992 peccato. Sed poenitentia interior habet locum etiam in
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parents: 26
diff changeset
993 proficientibus et perfectis, secundum illud Psalmi, <i>ascensiones
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parents: 26
diff changeset
994 in corde suo disposuit in valle lacrimarum</i>. Unde et ipse Paulus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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diff changeset
995 dicebat, I Cor. XV, <i>non sum dignus vocari apostolus, quoniam
53
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diff changeset
996 persecutus sum Ecclesiam Dei</i>.</p><p title="III q. 84 a. 8 ad 3"><a name="51274"><span class="ref">[51274] IIIª q. 84 a. 8 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
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diff changeset
997 dicendum quod illa tempora praefiguntur poenitentibus quantum ad
53
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diff changeset
998 actionem exterioris poenitentiae.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 9</h3><p title="III q. 84 a. 9 arg. 1"><a name="51275"><span class="ref">[51275] IIIª q. 84 a. 9 arg. 1</span></a> Ad nonum sic
28
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999 proceditur. Videtur quod poenitentia non possit esse continua.
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diff changeset
1000 Dicitur enim Ierem. XXXI, <i>quiescat vox tua a ploratu, et oculi
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diff changeset
1001 tui a lacrimis</i>. Sed hoc esse non posset si poenitentia
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1002 continuaretur, quae consistit in ploratu et lacrimis. Ergo
53
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diff changeset
1003 poenitentia non potest continuari.</p><p title="III q. 84 a. 9 arg. 2"><a name="51276"><span class="ref">[51276] IIIª q. 84 a. 9 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea, de
28
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diff changeset
1004 quolibet bono opere debet homo gaudere, secundum illud Psalmi,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1005 <i>servite domino in laetitia</i>. Sed agere poenitentiam est bonum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1006 opus. Ergo de hoc ipso debet homo gaudere. Sed <i>non potest homo
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1007 simul tristari et gaudere</i>, ut patet per philosophum, IX Ethic.
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diff changeset
1008 Ergo non potest esse quod poenitens simul tristetur de peccatis
53
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1009 praeteritis, quod pertinet ad rationem poenitentiae.</p><p title="III q. 84 a. 9 arg. 3"><a name="51277"><span class="ref">[51277] IIIª q. 84 a. 9 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea, II
28
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diff changeset
1010 ad Cor. II, apostolus dicit, <i>consolemini</i>, scilicet
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1011 poenitentem, <i>ne forte abundantiori tristitia absorbeatur qui est
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1012 huiusmodi</i>. Sed consolatio depellit tristitiam, quae pertinet ad
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diff changeset
1013 rationem poenitentiae. Ergo poenitentia non debet esse
53
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1014 continua.</p><p title="III q. 84 a. 9 s. c."><a name="51278"><span class="ref">[51278] IIIª q. 84 a. 9 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28
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diff changeset
1015 quod Augustinus dicit, in libro de poenitentia, <i>dolor in
53
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diff changeset
1016 poenitentia continue custodiatur</i>.</p><p title="III q. 84 a. 9 co."><a name="51279"><span class="ref">[51279] IIIª q. 84 a. 9 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
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diff changeset
1017 dicendum quod poenitere dicitur dupliciter, scilicet secundum
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diff changeset
1018 actum, et secundum habitum. Actu quidem impossibile est quod homo
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diff changeset
1019 continue poeniteat, quia necesse est quod actus poenitentis, sive
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diff changeset
1020 interior sive exterior, interpoletur, ad minus somno et aliis quae
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1021 ad necessitatem corporis pertinent. Alio modo dicitur poenitere
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diff changeset
1022 secundum habitum. Et sic oportet quod homo continue poeniteat, et
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1023 quantum ad hoc quod homo nunquam aliquid contrarium faciat
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1024 poenitentiae, per quod habitualis dispositio poenitentis tollatur;
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diff changeset
1025 et quantum ad hoc quod debet in proposito gerere quod semper sibi
53
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1026 peccata praeterita displiceant.</p><p title="III q. 84 a. 9 ad 1"><a name="51280"><span class="ref">[51280] IIIª q. 84 a. 9 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28
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1027 dicendum quod ploratus et lacrimae ad actum exterioris poenitentiae
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1028 pertinent, qui non solum non debet esse continuus, sed nec etiam
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diff changeset
1029 oportet quod duret usque ad finem vitae, ut dictum est. Unde et
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diff changeset
1030 signanter ibi subditur quod est merces operi tuo. Est autem merces
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diff changeset
1031 operis poenitentis plena remissio peccati et quantum ad culpam et
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1032 quantum ad poenam, post cuius consecutionem non est necesse quod
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diff changeset
1033 homo ulterius exteriorem poenitentiam agat. Per hoc tamen non
53
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1034 excluditur continuitas poenitentiae qualis dicta est.</p><p title="III q. 84 a. 9 ad 2"><a name="51281"><span class="ref">[51281] IIIª q. 84 a. 9 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
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1035 dicendum quod de dolore et gaudio dupliciter loqui possumus. Uno
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diff changeset
1036 modo, secundum quod sunt passiones appetitus sensitivi. Et sic
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diff changeset
1037 nullo modo possunt esse simul, eo quod sunt omnino contrariae, vel
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diff changeset
1038 ex parte obiecti, puta cum sunt de eodem; vel saltem ex parte motus
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diff changeset
1039 cordis, nam gaudium est cum dilatatione cordis, tristitia vero cum
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diff changeset
1040 constrictione. Et hoc modo loquitur philosophus in IX Ethicorum.
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diff changeset
1041 Alio modo loqui possumus de gaudio et tristitia secundum quod
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diff changeset
1042 consistunt in simplici actu voluntatis, cui aliquid placet vel
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diff changeset
1043 displicet. Et secundum hoc, non possunt habere contrarietatem nisi
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diff changeset
1044 ex parte obiecti, puta cum sunt de eodem et secundum idem. Et sic
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diff changeset
1045 non possunt simul esse gaudium et tristitia, quia non potest simul
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diff changeset
1046 idem secundum idem placere et displicere. Si vero gaudium et
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diff changeset
1047 tristitia sic accepta non sint de eodem et secundum idem, sed vel
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diff changeset
1048 de diversis vel de eodem secundum diversa, sic non est contrarietas
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diff changeset
1049 gaudii et tristitiae. Unde nihil prohibet hominem simul gaudere et
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diff changeset
1050 tristari, puta, si videamus iustum affligi, simul placet nobis eius
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1051 iustitia, et displicet afflictio. Et hoc modo potest alicui
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diff changeset
1052 displicere quod peccavit, et placere quod hoc ei displicet cum spe
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diff changeset
1053 veniae, ita quod ipsa tristitia sit materia gaudii. Unde et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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diff changeset
1054 Augustinus dicit, in libro de poenitentia, <i>semper doleat
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diff changeset
1055 poenitens, et de dolore gaudeat</i>. Si tamen tristitia nullo modo
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1056 compateretur sibi gaudium, per hoc non tolleretur habitualis
53
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1057 continuitas poenitentiae, sed actualis.</p><p title="III q. 84 a. 9 ad 3"><a name="51282"><span class="ref">[51282] IIIª q. 84 a. 9 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
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1058 dicendum quod, secundum philosophum, in II Ethic., ad virtutem
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diff changeset
1059 pertinet tenere medium in passionibus. Tristitia autem quae in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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diff changeset
1060 appetitu poenitentis sensitivo consequitur ex displicentia
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diff changeset
1061 voluntatis, passio quaedam est. Unde moderanda est secundum
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diff changeset
1062 virtutem, et eius superfluitas est vitiosa, quia inducit in
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diff changeset
1063 desperationem. Quod significat apostolus ibidem dicens, <i>ne
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diff changeset
1064 maiori tristitia absorbeatur qui eiusmodi est</i>. Et sic
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1065 consolatio de qua ibi apostolus loquitur, est moderativa
53
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1066 tristitiae, non autem totaliter ablativa.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 10</h3><p title="III q. 84 a. 10 arg. 1"><a name="51283"><span class="ref">[51283] IIIª q. 84 a. 10 arg. 1</span></a> Ad decimum
28
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1067 sic proceditur. Videtur quod sacramentum poenitentiae non debeat
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diff changeset
1068 iterari. Dicit enim apostolus, Heb. VI, <i>impossibile est eos qui
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diff changeset
1069 semel illuminati sunt, et gustaverunt donum caeleste, et participes
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diff changeset
1070 facti sunt spiritus sancti, et prolapsi sunt, rursus renovari ad
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diff changeset
1071 poenitentiam</i>. Sed quicumque poenituerunt, sunt illuminati, et
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1072 acceperunt donum spiritus sancti. Ergo quicumque peccat post
53
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1073 poenitentiam, non potest iterato poenitere.</p><p title="III q. 84 a. 10 arg. 2"><a name="51284"><span class="ref">[51284] IIIª q. 84 a. 10 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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diff changeset
1074 Ambrosius dicit, in libro de poenitentia, <i>reperiuntur qui
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diff changeset
1075 saepius agendam poenitentiam putant. Qui luxuriantur in Christo.
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1076 Nam, si vere poenitentiam agerent, iterandam postea non putarent,
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diff changeset
1077 quia, sicut unum est Baptisma, ita una poenitentia</i>. Sed
53
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1078 Baptismus non iteratur. Ergo nec poenitentia.</p><p title="III q. 84 a. 10 arg. 3"><a name="51285"><span class="ref">[51285] IIIª q. 84 a. 10 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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diff changeset
1079 miracula quibus dominus infirmitates corporales sanavit,
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diff changeset
1080 significant sanationes spiritualium infirmitatum, quibus scilicet
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diff changeset
1081 homines liberantur a peccatis. Sed non legitur quod dominus aliquem
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diff changeset
1082 caecum bis illuminaverit, vel aliquem leprosum bis mundaverit, aut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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diff changeset
1083 aliquem mortuum bis suscitaverit. Ergo videtur quod nec alicui
53
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1084 peccatori bis per poenitentiam veniam largiatur.</p><p title="III q. 84 a. 10 arg. 4"><a name="51286"><span class="ref">[51286] IIIª q. 84 a. 10 arg. 4</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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diff changeset
1085 Gregorius dicit, in homilia Quadragesimae, <i>poenitentia est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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diff changeset
1086 anteacta peccata deflere, et flenda iterum non committere</i>. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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diff changeset
1087 Isidorus dicit, in libro de summo bono, <i>irrisor est, et non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1088 poenitens, qui adhuc agit quod poenitet</i>. Si ergo aliquis vere
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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diff changeset
1089 poeniteat, iterum non peccabit. Ergo non potest quod poenitentia
53
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diff changeset
1090 iteretur.</p><p title="III q. 84 a. 10 arg. 5"><a name="51287"><span class="ref">[51287] IIIª q. 84 a. 10 arg. 5</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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diff changeset
1091 sicut Baptismus habet efficaciam ex passione Christi, ita et
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diff changeset
1092 poenitentia. Sed Baptismus non iteratur, propter unitatem passionis
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diff changeset
1093 et mortis Christi. Ergo pari ratione et poenitentia non
53
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diff changeset
1094 iteratur.</p><p title="III q. 84 a. 10 arg. 6"><a name="51288"><span class="ref">[51288] IIIª q. 84 a. 10 arg. 6</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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diff changeset
1095 Gregorius dicit, <i>facilitas veniae incentivum praebet
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1096 delinquendi</i>. Si ergo Deus frequenter veniam praebet per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1097 poenitentiam, videtur quod ipse incentivum praebeat hominibus
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diff changeset
1098 delinquendi, et sic videtur delectari in peccatis. Quod eius
53
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diff changeset
1099 bonitati non congruit. Non ergo potest poenitentia iterari.</p><p title="III q. 84 a. 10 s. c."><a name="51289"><span class="ref">[51289] IIIª q. 84 a. 10 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1100 quod homo inducitur ad misericordiam exemplo divinae misericordiae,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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diff changeset
1101 secundum illud Luc. VI, <i>estote misericordes, sicut et pater
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1102 vester misericors est</i>. Sed dominus hanc misericordiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1103 discipulis imponit, ut saepius remittant fratribus contra se
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diff changeset
1104 peccantibus, unde, sicut dicitur Matth. XVIII, Petro quaerenti,
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diff changeset
1105 <i>quoties peccaverit in me frater meus, dimittam ei usque
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1106 septies?</i> Respondit Iesus, <i>non dico tibi usque septies, sed
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1107 usque septuagesies septies</i>. Ergo etiam Deus saepius per
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diff changeset
1108 poenitentiam veniam peccantibus praebet, praesertim cum doceat nos
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diff changeset
1109 petere, <i>dimitte nobis debita nostra sicut et nos dimittimus
53
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diff changeset
1110 debitoribus nostris</i>.</p><p title="III q. 84 a. 10 co."><a name="51290"><span class="ref">[51290] IIIª q. 84 a. 10 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
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diff changeset
1111 dicendum quod circa poenitentiam erraverunt quidam dicentes non
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diff changeset
1112 posse hominem per poenitentiam secundo consequi veniam peccatorum.
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diff changeset
1113 Quorum quidam, scilicet Novatiani, hoc in tantum extenderunt quod
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diff changeset
1114 dixerunt post primam poenitentiam quae agitur in Baptismo,
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diff changeset
1115 peccantes non posse per poenitentiam iterato restitui. Alii vero
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diff changeset
1116 fuerunt haeretici, ut Augustinus dicit, in libro de poenitentia,
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diff changeset
1117 qui post Baptismum dicebant quidem esse utilem poenitentiam, non
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diff changeset
1118 tamen pluries, sed semel tantum. Videntur autem huiusmodi errores
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diff changeset
1119 ex duobus processisse. Primo quidem, ex eo quod errabant circa
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diff changeset
1120 rationem verae poenitentiae. Cum enim ad veram poenitentiam caritas
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diff changeset
1121 requiratur, sine qua non delentur peccata, credebant quod caritas
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diff changeset
1122 semel habita non possit amitti, et per consequens quod poenitentia,
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diff changeset
1123 si sit vera, nunquam per peccatum tollatur, ut sit necesse eam
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diff changeset
1124 iterari. Sed hoc improbatum est in secunda parte, ubi ostensum est
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diff changeset
1125 quod caritas semel habita, propter libertatem arbitrii, potest
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diff changeset
1126 amitti; et per consequens post veram poenitentiam potest aliquis
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diff changeset
1127 peccare mortaliter. Secundo, ex eo quod errabant circa
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diff changeset
1128 aestimationem gravitatis peccati. Putabant enim adeo grave esse
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1129 peccatum quod aliquis committit post veniam impetratam, quod non
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diff changeset
1130 sit possibile ipsum remitti. In quo quidem errabant et ex parte
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1131 peccati, quod, etiam post remissionem consecutam, potest esse et
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diff changeset
1132 gravius et levius etiam quam fuerit ipsum primum peccatum remissum,
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diff changeset
1133 et multo magis contra infinitatem divinae misericordiae, quae est
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diff changeset
1134 super omnem numerum et magnitudinem peccatorum, secundum illud
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diff changeset
1135 Psalmi, <i>miserere mei, Deus, secundum magnam misericordiam tuam,
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1136 et secundum multitudinem miserationum tuarum, dele iniquitatem
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ht
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diff changeset
1137 meam</i>. Unde reprobatur verbum Caini dicentis, Genes. IV,
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diff changeset
1138 <i>maior est iniquitas mea quam ut veniam merear</i>. Et ideo
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diff changeset
1139 misericordia Dei peccantibus per poenitentiam veniam praebet absque
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diff changeset
1140 ullo termino. Unde dicitur II Paralip. ult., <i>immensa et
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diff changeset
1141 investigabilis misericordia promissionis tuae super malitias
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diff changeset
1142 hominum</i>. Unde manifestum est quod poenitentia est pluries
53
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diff changeset
1143 iterabilis.</p><p title="III q. 84 a. 10 ad 1"><a name="51291"><span class="ref">[51291] IIIª q. 84 a. 10 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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diff changeset
1144 dicendum quod, quia apud Iudaeos erant secundum legem quaedam
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1145 lavacra instituta, quibus pluries se ab immunditiis purgabant,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1146 credebant aliqui Iudaeorum quod etiam per lavacrum Baptismi aliquis
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1147 pluries purificari possit. Ad quod excludendum, apostolus scribit
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1148 Hebraeis quod impossibile est eos qui semel sunt illuminati,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1149 scilicet per Baptismum, rursum renovari ad poenitentiam, scilicet
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1150 per Baptismum, qui est <i>lavacrum regenerationis et renovationis
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1151 spiritus sancti</i>, ut dicitur ad Tit. III. Et rationem assignat
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1152 ex hoc quod per Baptismum homo Christo commoritur, unde sequitur,
53
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1153 <i>rursum crucifigentes in semetipsis filium Dei</i>.</p><p title="III q. 84 a. 10 ad 2"><a name="51292"><span class="ref">[51292] IIIª q. 84 a. 10 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
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diff changeset
1154 dicendum quod Ambrosius loquitur de poenitentia solemni, quae in
53
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diff changeset
1155 Ecclesia non iteratur, ut infra dicetur.</p><p title="III q. 84 a. 10 ad 3"><a name="51293"><span class="ref">[51293] IIIª q. 84 a. 10 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1156 dicendum quod, sicut Augustinus dicit, in libro de poenitentia,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1157 <i>multos caecos in diverso tempore dominus illuminavit, et multos
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1158 debiles confortavit, ostendens in diversis illis eadem saepe
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1159 peccata dimitti, ut quem prius sanavit leprosum, alio tempore
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1160 illuminat caecum. Ideo enim tot sanavit caecos, claudos et aridos,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1161 ne desperet saepe peccator. Ideo non scribitur aliquem nisi semel
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1162 sanasse, ut quisque timeat se iungi peccato. Medicum se vocat, et
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1163 non sanis, sed male habentibus opportunum, sed qualis hic medicus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1164 qui malum iteratum nesciret curare? Medicorum enim est centies
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1165 infirmum centies curare. Qui ceteris minor esset, si alii
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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diff changeset
1166 possibilia ignoraret</i>.</p><p title="III q. 84 a. 10 ad 4"><a name="51294"><span class="ref">[51294] IIIª q. 84 a. 10 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1167 dicendum quod poenitere est anteacta peccata deflere et flenda non
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1168 committere simul dum flet, vel actu vel proposito. Ille enim est
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1169 irrisor et non poenitens qui, simul dum poenitet, agit quod
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1170 poenitet, proponit enim iterum se facturum quod gessit, vel etiam
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1171 actualiter peccat eodem vel alio genere peccati. Quod autem aliquis
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1172 postea peccat, vel actu vel proposito, non excludit quin prima
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1173 poenitentia vera fuerit. Nunquam enim veritas prioris actus
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1174 excluditur per actum contrarium subsequentem, sicut enim vere
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diff changeset
1175 cucurrit qui postea sedet, ita vere poenituit qui postea
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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diff changeset
1176 peccat.</p><p title="III q. 84 a. 10 ad 5"><a name="51295"><span class="ref">[51295] IIIª q. 84 a. 10 ad 5</span></a> Ad quintum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1177 dicendum quod Baptismus habet virtutem ex passione Christi sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1178 quaedam spiritualis regeneratio, cum spirituali morte praecedentis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1179 vitae. Statutum est autem hominibus semel mori, et semel nasci. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1180 ideo semel tantum debet homo baptizari. Sed poenitentia habet
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1181 virtutem ex passione Christi sicut spiritualis medicatio, quae
53
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diff changeset
1182 frequenter iterari potest.</p><p title="III q. 84 a. 10 ad 6"><a name="51296"><span class="ref">[51296] IIIª q. 84 a. 10 ad 6</span></a> Ad sextum
28
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diff changeset
1183 dicendum quod Augustinus, in libro de poenitentia, dicit quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1184 <i>constat Deo multum displicere peccata, qui semper praesto est ea
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1185 destruere, ne solvatur quod creavit, ne corrumpatur quod
59
03759e5c1080 fix multi-para s.c.
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diff changeset
1186 amavit</i>, scilicet per desperationem.</p></div></div><div id="q85" class="q"><h2>Quaestio 85</h2><div class="p"><h3>Prooemium</h3><p title="III q. 85 pr."><a name="51297"><span class="ref">[51297]
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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diff changeset
1187 IIIª q. 85 pr.</span></a> Deinde considerandum est de
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1188 poenitentia secundum quod est virtus. Et circa hoc quaeruntur sex.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1189 Primo, utrum poenitentia sit virtus. Secundo, utrum sit virtus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1190 specialis. Tertio, sub qua specie virtutis contineatur. Quarto, de
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1191 subiecto eius. Quinto, de causa ipsius. Sexto, de ordine eius ad
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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diff changeset
1192 alias virtutes.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 1</h3><p title="III q. 85 a. 1 arg. 1"><a name="51298"><span class="ref">[51298] IIIª q. 85 a. 1 arg. 1</span></a> Ad primum sic
28
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diff changeset
1193 proceditur. Videtur quod poenitentia non sit virtus. Poenitentia
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1194 enim est quoddam sacramentum aliis sacramentis connumeratum, ut ex
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diff changeset
1195 supra dictis patet. Sed nullum aliud sacramentorum est virtus. Ergo
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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diff changeset
1196 neque poenitentia est virtus.</p><p title="III q. 85 a. 1 arg. 2"><a name="51299"><span class="ref">[51299] IIIª q. 85 a. 1 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1197 secundum philosophum, in IV Ethic., verecundia non est virtus, tum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1198 quia est passio habens corporalem immutationem; tum etiam quia non
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1199 est dispositio perfecti, cum sit de turpi acto, quod non habet
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1200 locum in homine virtuoso. Sed similiter poenitentia est quaedam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1201 passio habens corporalem immutationem, scilicet ploratum, sicut
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1202 Gregorius dicit quod <i>poenitere est peccata praeterita
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1203 plangere</i>. Est etiam de turpibus factis, scilicet de peccatis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1204 quae non habent locum in homine virtuoso. Ergo poenitentia non est
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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diff changeset
1205 virtus.</p><p title="III q. 85 a. 1 arg. 3"><a name="51300"><span class="ref">[51300] IIIª q. 85 a. 1 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1206 secundum philosophum, in IV Ethic., <i>nullus est stultus eorum qui
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1207 sunt secundum virtutem</i>. Sed stultum videtur dolere de commisso
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1208 praeterito, quod non potest non esse, quod tamen pertinet ad
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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diff changeset
1209 poenitentiam. Ergo poenitentia non est virtus.</p><p title="III q. 85 a. 1 s. c."><a name="51301"><span class="ref">[51301] IIIª q. 85 a. 1 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1210 quod praecepta legis dantur de actibus virtutum, quia legislator
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1211 intendit cives facere virtuosos, ut dicitur in II Ethic. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1212 praeceptum divinae legis est de poenitentia, secundum illud Matth.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1213 III, poenitentiam agite, et cetera. Ergo poenitentia est
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
1214 virtus.</p><p title="III q. 85 a. 1 co."><a name="51302"><span class="ref">[51302] IIIª q. 85 a. 1 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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diff changeset
1215 dicendum quod, sicut ex dictis patet, poenitere est de aliquo a se
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1216 prius facto dolere. Dictum est autem supra quod dolor vel tristitia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1217 dupliciter dicitur. Uno modo, secundum quod est passio quaedam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1218 appetitus sensitivi. Et quantum ad hoc, poenitentia non est virtus,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1219 sed passio alio modo, secundum quod consistit in voluntate. Et hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1220 modo est cum quadam electione. Quae quidem si sit recta, necesse
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1221 est quod sit actus virtutis, dicitur enim in II Ethic. quod
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1222 <i>virtus est habitus electivus secundum rationem rectam</i>.
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diff changeset
1223 Pertinet autem ad rationem rectam quod aliquis doleat de quo
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1224 dolendum est. Quod quidem observatur in poenitentia de qua nunc
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1225 loquimur, nam poenitens assumit moderatum dolorem de peccatis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1226 praeteritis, cum intentione removendi ea. Unde manifestum est quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1227 poenitentia de qua nunc loquimur, vel est virtus, vel actus
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
1228 virtutis.</p><p title="III q. 85 a. 1 ad 1"><a name="51303"><span class="ref">[51303] IIIª q. 85 a. 1 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1229 dicendum quod, sicut dictum est, in sacramento poenitentiae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1230 materialiter se habent actus humani, quod non contingit in Baptismo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1231 vel confirmatione. Et ideo, cum virtus sit principium alicuius
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1232 actus, potius poenitentia est virtus, vel cum virtute, quam
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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diff changeset
1233 Baptismus vel confirmatio.</p><p title="III q. 85 a. 1 ad 2"><a name="51304"><span class="ref">[51304] IIIª q. 85 a. 1 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1234 dicendum quod poenitentia, secundum quod est passio, non est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1235 virtus, ut dictum est. Sic autem habet corporalem transmutationem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1236 adiunctam. Est autem virtus secundum quod habet ex parte voluntatis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1237 electionem rectam. Quod tamen magis potest dici de poenitentia quam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1238 de verecundia. Nam verecundia respicit turpe factum ut praesens,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1239 poenitentia vero respicit turpe factum ut praeteritum. Est autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1240 contra perfectionem virtutis quod aliquis in praesenti habeat turpe
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1241 factum, de quo oporteat eum verecundari. Non autem est contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1242 perfectionem virtutis quod aliquis prius commiserit turpia facta,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1243 de quibus oporteat eum poenitere, cum ex vitioso fiat aliquis
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
1244 virtuosus.</p><p title="III q. 85 a. 1 ad 3"><a name="51305"><span class="ref">[51305] IIIª q. 85 a. 1 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1245 dicendum quod dolere de eo quod prius factum est cum hac intentione
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1246 conandi ad hoc quod factum non fuerit, esset stultum. Hoc autem non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1247 intendit poenitens, sed dolor eius est displicentia seu reprobatio
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1248 facti praeteriti cum intentione removendi sequelam ipsius, scilicet
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
1249 offensam Dei et reatum poenae. Et hoc non est stultum.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 2</h3><p title="III q. 85 a. 2 arg. 1"><a name="51306"><span class="ref">[51306] IIIª q. 85 a. 2 arg. 1</span></a> Ad secundum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1250 sic proceditur. Videtur quod poenitentia non sit specialis virtus.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1251 Eiusdem enim rationis videtur esse gaudere de bonis prius actis, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1252 dolere de malis perpetratis. Sed gaudium de bono prius facto non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1253 est specialis virtus, sed est quidam affectus laudabilis ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1254 caritate proveniens, ut patet per Augustinum, XIV de Civ. Dei, unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1255 et apostolus, I Cor. XIII, dicit quod <i>caritas non gaudet super
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1256 iniquitate, congaudet autem veritati</i>. Ergo pari ratione
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1257 poenitentia, quae est dolor de peccatis praeteritis, non est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1258 specialis virtus, sed est quidam affectus ex caritate
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
1259 proveniens.</p><p title="III q. 85 a. 2 arg. 2"><a name="51307"><span class="ref">[51307] IIIª q. 85 a. 2 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1260 quaelibet virtus specialis habet materiam specialem, quia habitus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1261 distinguuntur per actus, et actus per obiecta. Sed poenitentia non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1262 habet materiam specialem, sunt enim eius materia peccata praeterita
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1263 circa quamcumque materiam. Ergo poenitentia non est specialis
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
1264 virtus.</p><p title="III q. 85 a. 2 arg. 3"><a name="51308"><span class="ref">[51308] IIIª q. 85 a. 2 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1265 nihil expellitur nisi a suo contrario. Sed poenitentia expellit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1266 omnia peccata. Ergo contrariatur omnibus peccatis. Non est ergo
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
1267 specialis virtus.</p><p title="III q. 85 a. 2 s. c."><a name="51309"><span class="ref">[51309] IIIª q. 85 a. 2 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1268 quod de ea datur speciale legis praeceptum, ut supra habitum
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
1269 est.</p><p title="III q. 85 a. 2 co."><a name="51310"><span class="ref">[51310] IIIª q. 85 a. 2 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1270 dicendum quod, sicut in secunda parte habitum est, species habituum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1271 distinguuntur secundum species actuum, et ideo ubi occurrit
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1272 specialis actus laudabilis, ibi necesse est ponere specialem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1273 habitum virtutis. Manifestum est autem quod in poenitentia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1274 invenitur specialis ratio actus laudabilis, scilicet operari ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1275 destructionem peccati praeteriti inquantum est Dei offensa, quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1276 non pertinet ad rationem alterius virtutis. Unde necesse est ponere
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
1277 quod poenitentia sit specialis virtus.</p><p title="III q. 85 a. 2 ad 1"><a name="51311"><span class="ref">[51311] IIIª q. 85 a. 2 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1278 dicendum quod a caritate derivatur aliquis actus dupliciter. Uno
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1279 modo, sicut ab ea elicitus. Et talis actus virtuosus non requirit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1280 aliam virtutem praeter caritatem, sicut diligere bonum et gaudere
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1281 de eo, et tristari de opposito. Alio modo aliquis actus a caritate
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1282 procedit quasi a caritate imperatus. Et sic, quia ipsa imperat
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1283 omnibus virtutibus, utpote ordinans eas ad finem suum, actus a
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1284 caritate procedens potest etiam ad aliam virtutem specialem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1285 pertinere. Si ergo in actu poenitentis consideretur sola
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1286 displicentia peccati praeteriti, hoc immediate ad caritatem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1287 pertinet, sicut et gaudere de bonis praeteritis. Sed intentio
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1288 operandi ad deletionem peccati praeteriti requirit specialem
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
1289 virtutem sub caritate.</p><p title="III q. 85 a. 2 ad 2"><a name="51312"><span class="ref">[51312] IIIª q. 85 a. 2 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
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diff changeset
1290 dicendum quod poenitentia habet quidem realiter generalem materiam,
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diff changeset
1291 inquantum respicit omnia peccata, sed tamen sub ratione speciali,
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diff changeset
1292 inquantum sunt emendabilia per actum hominis cooperantis Deo ad
53
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diff changeset
1293 suam iustificationem.</p><p title="III q. 85 a. 2 ad 3"><a name="51313"><span class="ref">[51313] IIIª q. 85 a. 2 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1294 dicendum quod quaelibet virtus specialis expellit habitum vitii
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diff changeset
1295 oppositi, sicut albedo expellit nigredinem ab eodem subiecto. Sed
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diff changeset
1296 poenitentia expellit omne peccatum effective, inquantum operatur ad
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diff changeset
1297 destructionem peccati, prout est remissibile ex divina gratia
53
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diff changeset
1298 homine cooperante. Unde non sequitur quod sit virtus generalis.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 3</h3><p title="III q. 85 a. 3 arg. 1"><a name="51314"><span class="ref">[51314] IIIª q. 85 a. 3 arg. 1</span></a> Ad tertium sic
28
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diff changeset
1299 proceditur. Videtur quod virtus poenitentiae non sit species
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1300 iustitiae. Iustitia enim non est virtus theologica sed moralis, ut
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1301 in secunda parte patet. Poenitentia autem videtur virtus esse
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1302 theologica, quia habet Deum pro obiecto, satisfacit enim Deo, cui
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diff changeset
1303 etiam reconciliat peccatorem. Ergo videtur quod poenitentia non sit
53
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diff changeset
1304 pars iustitiae.</p><p title="III q. 85 a. 3 arg. 2"><a name="51315"><span class="ref">[51315] IIIª q. 85 a. 3 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1305 iustitia, cum sit virtus moralis, consistit in medio. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1306 poenitentia non consistit in medio, sed in quodam excessu, secundum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1307 illud Ierem. VI, <i>luctum unigeniti fac tibi, planctum amarum</i>.
53
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diff changeset
1308 Ergo poenitentia non est species iustitiae.</p><p title="III q. 85 a. 3 arg. 3"><a name="51316"><span class="ref">[51316] IIIª q. 85 a. 3 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1309 duae sunt species iustitiae, ut dicitur in V Ethic., scilicet
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1310 distributiva et commutativa. Sed sub neutra videtur poenitentia
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1311 contineri. Ergo videtur quod poenitentia non sit species
53
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diff changeset
1312 iustitiae.</p><p title="III q. 85 a. 3 arg. 4"><a name="51317"><span class="ref">[51317] IIIª q. 85 a. 3 arg. 4</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1313 super illud Luc. VI, <i>beati qui nunc fletis</i>, dicit Glossa,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1314 <i>ecce prudentia, per quam ostenditur quam haec terrena sint
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1315 misera, et quam beata caelestia</i>. Sed flere est actus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1316 poenitentiae. Ergo poenitentia magis est prudentiae quam
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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diff changeset
1317 iustitiae.</p><p title="III q. 85 a. 3 s. c."><a name="51318"><span class="ref">[51318] IIIª q. 85 a. 3 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1318 quod Augustinus dicit, in libro de poenitentia, <i>poenitentia est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1319 quaedam dolentis vindicta, semper puniens in se quod dolet se
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1320 commisisse</i>. Sed facere vindictam pertinet ad iustitiam, unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1321 Tullius, in sua rhetorica, ponit vindicativam unam speciem
53
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diff changeset
1322 iustitiae. Ergo videtur quod poenitentia sit species iustitiae.</p><p title="III q. 85 a. 3 co."><a name="51319"><span class="ref">[51319] IIIª q. 85 a. 3 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1323 dicendum quod, sicut supra dictum est, poenitentia non habet quod
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1324 sit virtus specialis ex hoc solo quod dolet de malo perpetrato, ad
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1325 hoc enim sufficeret caritas, sed ex eo quod poenitens dolet de
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1326 peccato commisso inquantum est offensa Dei, cum emendationis
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1327 proposito. Emendatio autem offensae contra aliquem commissae fit
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1328 non per solam cessationem offensae, sed exigitur ulterius quaedam
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1329 recompensatio, quae habet locum in offensis in alterum commissis
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1330 sicut et retributio, nisi quod recompensatio est ex parte eius qui
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1331 offendit, ut puta cum satisfactione; retributio autem est ex parte
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1332 eius in quem fuit offensa commissa. Utrumque autem ad materiam
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1333 iustitiae pertinet, quia utrumque est commutatio quaedam. Unde
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1334 manifestum est quod poenitentia, secundum quod est virtus, est pars
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1335 iustitiae. Sciendum tamen quod, secundum philosophum, in V Ethic.,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1336 dupliciter dicitur iustum, scilicet simpliciter, et secundum quid.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1337 Simpliciter quidem iustum est inter aequales, eo quod iustitia est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1338 aequalitas quaedam. Quod ipse vocat iustum politicum vel civile, eo
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1339 quod omnes cives aequales sunt, quantum ad hoc quod immediate sunt
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1340 sub principe, sicut liberi existentes. Iustum autem secundum quid
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1341 dicitur quod est inter illos quorum unus est sub potestate
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1342 alterius, sicut servus sub domino, filius sub patre, uxor sub viro.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1343 Et tale iustum consideratur in poenitentia. Unde poenitens recurrit
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1344 ad Deum, cum emendationis proposito, sicut servus ad dominum,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1345 secundum illud Psalmi, <i>sicut oculi servorum in manibus dominorum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1346 suorum, ita oculi nostri ad dominum Deum nostrum, donec misereatur
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1347 nostri</i>; et sicut filius ad patrem, secundum illud Luc. XV,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1348 <i>pater, peccavi in caelum et coram te</i>; et sicut uxor ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1349 virum, secundum illud Ierem. III, <i>fornicata es cum amatoribus
53
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diff changeset
1350 multis, tamen revertere ad me, dicit dominus</i>.</p><p title="III q. 85 a. 3 ad 1"><a name="51320"><span class="ref">[51320] IIIª q. 85 a. 3 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1351 dicendum quod, sicut in V Ethic. dicitur, iustitia est ad alterum.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1352 Ille autem ad quem est iustitia, non dicitur esse materia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1353 iustitiae, sed magis res quae distribuuntur vel commutantur. Unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1354 et materia poenitentiae non est Deus, sed actus humani quibus Deus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1355 offenditur vel placatur, sed Deus se habet sicut ille ad quem est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1356 iustitia. Ex quo patet quod poenitentia non est virtus theologica,
53
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diff changeset
1357 quia non habet Deum pro materia vel pro obiecto.</p><p title="III q. 85 a. 3 ad 2"><a name="51321"><span class="ref">[51321] IIIª q. 85 a. 3 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1358 dicendum quod medium iustitiae est aequalitas quae constituitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1359 inter illos inter quos est iustitia, ut dicitur in V Ethic. In
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1360 quibusdam autem non potest perfecta aequalitas constitui, propter
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1361 alterius excellentiam, sicut inter filium et patrem, inter hominem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1362 et Deum, ut philosophus dicit, in VIII Ethic. Unde in talibus ille
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1363 qui est deficiens, debet facere quidquid potest, nec tamen hoc erit
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1364 sufficiens, sed solum secundum acceptationem superioris. Et hoc
53
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diff changeset
1365 significatur per excessum qui attribuitur poenitentiae.</p><p title="III q. 85 a. 3 ad 3"><a name="51322"><span class="ref">[51322] IIIª q. 85 a. 3 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1366 dicendum quod, sicut est commutatio quaedam in beneficiis, cum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1367 scilicet aliquis pro beneficio recepto gratiam rependit, ita etiam
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1368 est commutatio in offensis, cum aliquis pro offensa in alterum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1369 commissa vel invitus punitur, quod pertinet ad vindicativam
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1370 iustitiam; vel voluntarie recompensat emendam, quod pertinet ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1371 poenitentiam, quae respicit personam peccatoris sicut iustitia
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1372 vindicativa personam iudicis. Unde manifestum est quod utraque sub
53
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diff changeset
1373 iustitia commutativa continetur.</p><p title="III q. 85 a. 3 ad 4"><a name="51323"><span class="ref">[51323] IIIª q. 85 a. 3 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1374 dicendum quod poenitentia, licet directe sit species iustitiae,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1375 comprehendit tamen quodammodo ea quae pertinent ad omnes virtutes.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1376 Inquantum enim est iustitia quaedam hominis ad Deum, oportet quod
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1377 participet ea quae sunt virtutum theologicarum, quae habent Deum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1378 pro obiecto. Unde poenitentia est cum fide passionis Christi, per
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1379 quam iustificamur a peccatis; et cum spe veniae; et cum odio
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1380 vitiorum, quod pertinet ad caritatem inquantum vero est virtus
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1381 moralis, participat aliquid prudentiae, quae est directiva omnium
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1382 virtutum moralium. Sed ex ipsa ratione iustitiae non solum habet id
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1383 quod iustitiae est, sed etiam ea quae sunt temperantiae et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1384 fortitudinis, inquantum scilicet ea quae delectationem causant ad
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1385 temperantiam pertinentem, vel terrorem incutiunt, quem fortitudo
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1386 moderatur, in commutationem iustitiae veniunt. Et secundum hoc ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1387 iustitiam pertinet et abstinere a delectabilibus, quod pertinet ad
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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diff changeset
1388 temperantiam; et sustinere dura, quod pertinet ad fortitudinem.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 4</h3><p title="III q. 85 a. 4 arg. 1"><a name="51324"><span class="ref">[51324] IIIª q. 85 a. 4 arg. 1</span></a> Ad quartum sic
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1389 proceditur. Videtur quod subiectum poenitentiae non sit proprie
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1390 voluntas. Poenitentia enim est tristitiae species. Sed tristitia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1391 est in concupiscibili, sicut et gaudium. Ergo poenitentia est in
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
1392 concupiscibili.</p><p title="III q. 85 a. 4 arg. 2"><a name="51325"><span class="ref">[51325] IIIª q. 85 a. 4 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1393 poenitentia est vindicta quaedam, ut Augustinus dicit, in libro de
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1394 poenitentia. Sed vindicta videtur ad irascibilem pertinere, quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1395 ira est appetitus vindictae. Ergo videtur quod poenitentia sit in
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
1396 irascibili.</p><p title="III q. 85 a. 4 arg. 3"><a name="51326"><span class="ref">[51326] IIIª q. 85 a. 4 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1397 praeteritum est proprium obiectum memoriae, secundum philosophum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1398 in libro de memoria. Sed poenitentia est de praeterito, ut dictum
53
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diff changeset
1399 est. Ergo poenitentia est in memoria sicuti in subiecto.</p><p title="III q. 85 a. 4 arg. 4"><a name="51327"><span class="ref">[51327] IIIª q. 85 a. 4 arg. 4</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1400 nihil agit ubi non est. Sed poenitentia excludit peccata ab omnibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1401 viribus animae. Ergo poenitentia est in qualibet vi animae, et non
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
1402 in voluntate tantum.</p><p title="III q. 85 a. 4 s. c."><a name="51328"><span class="ref">[51328] IIIª q. 85 a. 4 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1403 poenitentia est sacrificium quoddam, secundum illud Psalmi,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1404 <i>sacrificium Deo spiritus contribulatus</i>. Sed offerre
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1405 sacrificium est actus voluntatis, secundum illud Psalmi,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1406 <i>voluntarie sacrificabo tibi</i>. Ergo poenitentia est in
53
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parents: 28
diff changeset
1407 voluntate.</p><p title="III q. 85 a. 4 co."><a name="51329"><span class="ref">[51329] IIIª q. 85 a. 4 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1408 dicendum quod de poenitentia dupliciter loqui possumus. Uno modo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1409 secundum quod est passio quaedam. Et sic, cum sit species
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1410 tristitiae, est in concupiscibili sicut in subiecto. Alio modo,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1411 secundum quod est virtus. Et sic, sicut dictum est, est species
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1412 iustitiae. Iustitia autem, ut in secunda parte dictum est, habet
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1413 pro subiecto appetitum rationis, qui est voluntas. Unde manifestum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1414 est quod poenitentia, secundum quod est virtus, est in voluntate
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1415 sicut in subiecto. Et proprius eius actus est propositum emendandi
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
1416 Deo quod contra eum commissum est.</p><p title="III q. 85 a. 4 ad 1"><a name="51330"><span class="ref">[51330] IIIª q. 85 a. 4 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1417 dicendum quod ratio illa procedit de poenitentia secundum quod est
53
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parents: 28
diff changeset
1418 passio.</p><p title="III q. 85 a. 4 ad 2"><a name="51331"><span class="ref">[51331] IIIª q. 85 a. 4 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1419 dicendum quod vindictam expetere ex passione de alio pertinet ad
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1420 irascibilem. Sed appetere vel facere vindictam ex ratione de se vel
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
1421 de alio, pertinet ad voluntatem.</p><p title="III q. 85 a. 4 ad 3"><a name="51332"><span class="ref">[51332] IIIª q. 85 a. 4 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1422 dicendum quod memoria est vis apprehensiva praeteriti. Poenitentia
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1423 autem non pertinet ad vim apprehensivam, sed ad appetitivam, quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1424 praesupponit actum apprehensivae. Unde poenitentia non est in
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
1425 memoria, sed supponit eam.</p><p title="III q. 85 a. 4 ad 4"><a name="51333"><span class="ref">[51333] IIIª q. 85 a. 4 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1426 dicendum quod voluntas, sicut in prima parte habitum est, movet
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1427 omnes alias potentias animae. Et ideo non est inconveniens si
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1428 poenitentia, in voluntate existens, aliquid in singulis potentiis
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
1429 animae operatur.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 5</h3><p title="III q. 85 a. 5 arg. 1"><a name="51334"><span class="ref">[51334] IIIª q. 85 a. 5 arg. 1</span></a> Ad quintum sic
28
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diff changeset
1430 proceditur. Videtur quod principium poenitentiae non sit ex timore.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1431 Poenitentia enim incipit in displicentia peccatorum. Sed hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1432 pertinet ad caritatem, ut supra dictum est. Ergo poenitentia magis
53
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diff changeset
1433 oritur ex amore quam ex timore.</p><p title="III q. 85 a. 5 arg. 2"><a name="51335"><span class="ref">[51335] IIIª q. 85 a. 5 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea, ad
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1434 poenitentiam homines provocantur per expectationem regni caelestis,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1435 secundum illud Matth. IV, <i>poenitentiam agite, appropinquabit
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1436 enim regnum caelorum</i>. Sed regnum caelorum est obiectum spei.
53
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diff changeset
1437 Ergo poenitentia magis procedit ex spe quam ex timore.</p><p title="III q. 85 a. 5 arg. 3"><a name="51336"><span class="ref">[51336] IIIª q. 85 a. 5 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1438 timor est interior actus hominis. Poenitentia autem non videtur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1439 esse ex opere hominis, sed ex opere Dei, secundum illud Ierem.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1440 XXXI, <i>postquam convertisti me, egi poenitentiam</i>. Ergo
53
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diff changeset
1441 poenitentia non procedit ex timore.</p><p title="III q. 85 a. 5 s. c."><a name="51337"><span class="ref">[51337] IIIª q. 85 a. 5 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1442 quod Isaiae XXVI dicitur, <i>sicut quae concipit, cum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1443 appropinquaverit ad partum, dolens clamat in doloribus suis, sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1444 facti sumus</i>, scilicet per poenitentiam, et postea subditur,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1445 secundum aliam litteram, <i>a timore tuo, domine, concepimus, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1446 parturivimus, et peperimus spiritum salutis</i>, idest poenitentiae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1447 salutaris, ut per praemissa patet. Ergo poenitentia procedit ex
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
1448 timore.</p><p title="III q. 85 a. 5 co."><a name="51338"><span class="ref">[51338] IIIª q. 85 a. 5 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1449 dicendum quod de poenitentia loqui possumus dupliciter. Uno modo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1450 quantum ad habitum. Et sic immediate a Deo infunditur, sine nobis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1451 principaliter operantibus, non tamen sine nobis dispositive
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1452 cooperantibus per aliquos actus. Alio modo possumus loqui de
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1453 poenitentia quantum ad actus quibus Deo operanti in poenitentia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1454 cooperamur. Quorum actuum primum principium est Dei operatio
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1455 convertentis cor, secundum illud Thren. ult., <i>converte nos,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1456 domine, ad te, et convertemur</i>. Secundus actus est motus fidei.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1457 Tertius actus est motus timoris servilis, quo quis timore
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1458 suppliciorum a peccatis retrahitur. Quartus actus est motus spei,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1459 quo quis, sub spe veniae consequendae, assumit propositum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1460 emendandi. Quintus actus est motus caritatis, quo alicui peccatum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1461 displicet secundum seipsum, et non iam propter supplicia. Sextus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1462 actus est motus timoris filialis, quo, propter reverentiam Dei,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1463 aliquis emendam Deo voluntarius offert. Sic igitur patet quod actus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1464 poenitentiae a timore servili procedit sicut a primo motu affectus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1465 ad hoc ordinante, a timore autem filiali sicut ab immediato et
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
1466 proximo principio.</p><p title="III q. 85 a. 5 ad 1"><a name="51339"><span class="ref">[51339] IIIª q. 85 a. 5 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1467 dicendum quod peccatum prius incipit homini displicere, maxime
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1468 peccatori, propter supplicia, quae respicit timor servilis, quam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1469 propter Dei offensam vel peccati turpitudinem, quod pertinet ad
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
1470 caritatem.</p><p title="III q. 85 a. 5 ad 2"><a name="51340"><span class="ref">[51340] IIIª q. 85 a. 5 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1471 dicendum quod in regno caelorum appropinquante intelligitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1472 adventus regis non solum praemiantis, sed etiam punientis. Unde et,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1473 Matth. III, Ioannes Baptista dicebat, <i>progenies viperarum, quis
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
1474 demonstravit vobis fugere a ventura ira?</i></p><p title="III q. 85 a. 5 ad 3"><a name="51341"><span class="ref">[51341] IIIª q. 85 a. 5 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1475 dicendum quod etiam ipse motus timoris procedit ex actu Dei
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1476 convertentis cor, unde dicitur Deuteron. V, <i>quis det eos talem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1477 habere mentem ut timeant me?</i> Et ideo per hoc quod poenitentia a
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1478 timore procedit, non excluditur quin procedat ex actu Dei
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
1479 convertentis cor.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 6</h3><p title="III q. 85 a. 6 arg. 1"><a name="51342"><span class="ref">[51342] IIIª q. 85 a. 6 arg. 1</span></a> Ad sextum sic
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1480 proceditur. Videtur quod poenitentia sit prima virtutum. Quia super
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1481 illud Matth. III, <i>poenitentiam agite</i>, dicit Glossa, <i>prima
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1482 virtus est per poenitentiam punire veterem hominem et vitia
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
1483 odire</i>.</p><p title="III q. 85 a. 6 arg. 2"><a name="51343"><span class="ref">[51343] IIIª q. 85 a. 6 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1484 recedere a termino prius esse videtur quam accedere ad terminum.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1485 Sed omnes aliae virtutes pertinere videntur ad accessum ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1486 terminum, quia per omnes homo ordinatur ad bonum agendum.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1487 Poenitentia autem videtur ordinari ad recessum a malo. Ergo
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
1488 poenitentia videtur prior esse omnibus aliis virtutibus.</p><p title="III q. 85 a. 6 arg. 3"><a name="51344"><span class="ref">[51344] IIIª q. 85 a. 6 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1489 ante poenitentiam est peccatum in anima. Sed simul cum peccato
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1490 nulla virtus animae inest. Ergo nulla virtus est ante poenitentiam,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1491 sed ipsa videtur esse prima, quae aliis aditum aperit excludendo
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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diff changeset
1492 peccatum.</p><p title="III q. 85 a. 6 s. c."><a name="51345"><span class="ref">[51345] IIIª q. 85 a. 6 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1493 quod poenitentia procedit ex fide, spe et caritate, sicut iam
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
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diff changeset
1494 dictum est. Non ergo poenitentia est prima virtutum.</p><p title="III q. 85 a. 6 co."><a name="51346"><span class="ref">[51346] IIIª q. 85 a. 6 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1495 dicendum quod in virtutibus non attenditur ordo temporis quantum ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1496 habitus, quia, cum virtutes sint connexae, ut in secunda parte
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1497 habitum est, omnes simul incipiunt esse in anima. Sed dicitur una
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1498 earum esse prior altera ordine naturae, qui consideratur ex ordine
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1499 actuum, secundum scilicet quod actus unius virtutis praesupponit
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1500 actum alterius virtutis. Secundum hoc ergo dicendum est quod actus
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1501 quidam laudabiles etiam tempore praecedere possunt actum et habitum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1502 poenitentiae, sicut actus fidei et spei informium, et actus timoris
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1503 servilis. Actus autem et habitus caritatis simul sunt tempore cum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1504 actu et habitu poenitentiae, et cum habitibus aliarum virtutum,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1505 nam, sicut in secunda parte habitum est, in iustificatione impii
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1506 simul est motus liberi arbitrii in Deum, qui est actus fidei per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1507 caritatem formatus, et motus liberi arbitrii in peccatum, qui est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1508 actus poenitentiae. Horum tamen duorum actuum primus naturaliter
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1509 praecedit secundum, nam actus poenitentiae virtutis est contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1510 peccatum ex amore Dei, unde primus actus est ratio et causa
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1511 secundi. Sic igitur poenitentia non est simpliciter prima virtutum,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1512 nec ordine temporis nec ordine naturae, quia ordine naturae
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1513 simpliciter praecedunt ipsam virtutes theologicae. Sed quantum ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1514 aliquid est prima inter ceteras virtutes ordine temporis, quantum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1515 ad actum eius qui primus occurrit in iustificatione impii. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1516 ordine naturae videntur esse aliae virtutes priores, sicut quod est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1517 per se prius est eo quod est per accidens, nam aliae virtutes per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1518 se videntur esse necessariae ad bonum hominis, poenitentia autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1519 supposito quodam, scilicet peccato praeexistenti; sicut etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1520 dictum est circa ordinem sacramenti poenitentiae ad alia sacramenta
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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diff changeset
1521 praedicta.</p><p title="III q. 85 a. 6 ad 1"><a name="51347"><span class="ref">[51347] IIIª q. 85 a. 6 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1522 dicendum quod Glossa illa loquitur quantum ad hoc quod actus
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
1523 poenitentiae primus est tempore inter actus aliarum virtutum.</p><p title="III q. 85 a. 6 ad 2"><a name="51348"><span class="ref">[51348] IIIª q. 85 a. 6 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1524 dicendum quod in motibus successivis recedere a termino est prius
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1525 tempore quam pervenire ad terminum; et prius natura quantum est ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1526 parte subiecti, sive secundum ordinem causae materialis. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1527 secundum ordinem causae agentis et finalis, prius est pervenire ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1528 terminum, hoc enim est quod primo agens intendit. Et hic ordo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1529 praecipue attenditur in actibus animae, ut dicitur in II
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
1530 physicorum.</p><p title="III q. 85 a. 6 ad 3"><a name="51349"><span class="ref">[51349] IIIª q. 85 a. 6 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1531 dicendum quod poenitentia aperit aditum virtutibus expellendo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1532 peccatum per virtutem fidei et caritatis, quae sunt naturaliter
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1533 priores. Ita tamen aperit eis aditum quod ipsae simul intrant cum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1534 ipsa, nam in iustificatione impii simul cum motu liberi arbitrii in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1535 Deum et in peccatum, est remissio culpae et infusio gratiae, cum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1536 qua simul infunduntur omnes virtutes, ut in secunda parte habitum
59
03759e5c1080 fix multi-para s.c.
ht
parents: 53
diff changeset
1537 est.</p></div></div><div id="q86" class="q"><h2>Quaestio 86</h2><div class="p"><h3>Prooemium</h3><p title="III q. 86 pr."><a name="51350"><span class="ref">[51350]
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
1538 IIIª q. 86 pr.</span></a> Deinde considerandum est de effectu
28
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1539 poenitentiae. Et primo, quantum ad remissionem peccatorum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1540 mortalium; secundo, quantum ad remissionem peccatorum venialium;
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1541 tertio, quantum ad reditum peccatorum dimissorum; quarto, quantum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1542 ad restitutionem virtutum. Circa primum quaeruntur sex. Primo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1543 utrum peccata mortalia per poenitentiam auferantur. Secundo, utrum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1544 possint sine poenitentia tolli. Tertio, utrum possit remitti unum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1545 sine alio. Quarto, utrum poenitentia auferat culpam remanente
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1546 reatu. Quinto, utrum remaneant reliquiae peccatorum. Sexto, utrum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1547 auferre peccatum sit effectus poenitentiae inquantum est virtus,
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
1548 vel inquantum est sacramentum.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 1</h3><p title="III q. 86 a. 1 arg. 1"><a name="51351"><span class="ref">[51351] IIIª q. 86 a. 1 arg. 1</span></a> Ad primum sic
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1549 proceditur. Videtur quod per poenitentiam non removeantur omnia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1550 peccata. Dicit enim apostolus, Heb. XII, quod <i>Esau non invenit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1551 locum poenitentiae, quamvis cum lacrimis inquisisset eam</i>,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1552 Glossa, <i>idest, non invenit locum veniae et benedictionis per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1553 poenitentiam</i>. Et II Machab. IX dicitur de Antiocho, <i>orabat
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1554 scelestus ille dominum, a quo non erat misericordiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1555 consecuturus</i>. Non ergo videtur quod per poenitentiam omnia
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
1556 peccata tollantur.</p><p title="III q. 86 a. 1 arg. 2"><a name="51352"><span class="ref">[51352] IIIª q. 86 a. 1 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1557 dicit Augustinus, in libro de sermone Dom. in monte, quod <i>tanta
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1558 est labes illius peccati (scilicet, cum post agnitionem Dei per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1559 gratiam Christi, oppugnat aliquis fraternitatem, et adversus ipsam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1560 gratiam invidiae facibus agitatur), ut deprecandi humilitatem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1561 subire non possit, etiam si peccatum suum mala conscientia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1562 agnoscere et annuntiare cogatur</i>. Non ergo omne peccatum potest
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
1563 per poenitentiam tolli.</p><p title="III q. 86 a. 1 arg. 3"><a name="51353"><span class="ref">[51353] IIIª q. 86 a. 1 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1564 dominus dicit, Matth. XII, <i>qui dixerit contra spiritum sanctum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1565 verbum, non remittetur ei neque in hoc saeculo neque in futuro</i>.
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
1566 Non ergo omne peccatum remitti potest per poenitentiam.</p><p title="III q. 86 a. 1 s. c."><a name="51354"><span class="ref">[51354] IIIª q. 86 a. 1 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1567 quod dicitur Ezech. XVIII, <i>omnium iniquitatum eius quas operatus
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
1568 est, non recordabor amplius</i>.</p><p title="III q. 86 a. 1 co."><a name="51355"><span class="ref">[51355] IIIª q. 86 a. 1 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1569 dicendum quod hoc quod aliquod peccatum per poenitentiam tolli non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1570 possit, posset contingere dupliciter, uno modo, quia aliquis de
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1571 peccato poenitere non posset; alio modo, quia poenitentia non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1572 posset delere peccatum. Et primo quidem modo, non possunt deleri
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1573 peccata Daemonum, et etiam hominum damnatorum, quia affectus eorum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1574 sunt in malo confirmati, ita quod non potest eis displicere
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1575 peccatum inquantum est culpa, sed solum displicet eis inquantum est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1576 poena quam patiuntur; ratione cuius aliquam poenitentiam, sed
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1577 infructuosam habent, secundum illud Sap. V, <i>poenitentiam
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1578 agentes, et prae angustia spiritus gementes</i>. Unde talis
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1579 poenitentia non est cum spe veniae, sed cum desperatione. Tale
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1580 autem non potest esse peccatum aliquod hominis viatoris, cuius
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1581 liberum arbitrium flexibile est ad bonum et ad malum. Unde dicere
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1582 quod aliquod peccatum sit in hac vita de quo aliquis poenitere non
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1583 possit, est erroneum. Primo quidem, quia per hoc tolleretur
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1584 libertas arbitrii. Secundo, quia derogaretur virtuti gratiae, per
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1585 quam moveri potest cor cuiuscumque peccatoris ad poenitendum,
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1586 secundum illud Proverb. XXI <i>cor regis in manu Dei, et quocumque
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1587 voluerit vertet illud</i>. Quod autem secundo modo non possit per
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1588 veram poenitentiam aliquod peccatum remitti, est etiam erroneum.
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1589 Primo quidem, quia repugnat divinae misericordiae, de qua dicitur,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1590 Ioel II, quod <i>benignus et misericors est, et multae
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1591 misericordiae, et praestabilis super malitia</i>. Vinceretur
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1592 quodammodo enim Deus ab homine, si homo peccatum vellet deleri,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1593 quod Deus delere non vellet. Secundo, quia hoc derogaret virtuti
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1594 passionis Christi, per quam poenitentia operatur, sicut et cetera
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1595 sacramenta, cum scriptum sit, I Ioan. II, <i>ipse est propitiatio
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1596 pro peccatis nostris, non solum nostris, sed etiam totius
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1597 mundi</i>. Unde simpliciter dicendum est quod omne peccatum in hac
53
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diff changeset
1598 vita per poenitentiam deleri potest.</p><p title="III q. 86 a. 1 ad 1"><a name="51356"><span class="ref">[51356] IIIª q. 86 a. 1 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1599 dicendum quod Esau non vere poenituit. Quod patet ex hoc quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1600 dixit, <i>venient dies luctus patris mei, et occidam Iacob fratrem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1601 meum</i>. Similiter etiam nec Antiochus vere poenituit. Dolebat
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1602 enim de culpa praeterita non propter offensam Dei, sed propter
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
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diff changeset
1603 infirmitatem corporalem quam patiebatur.</p><p title="III q. 86 a. 1 ad 2"><a name="51357"><span class="ref">[51357] IIIª q. 86 a. 1 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1604 dicendum quod illud verbum Augustini sic est intelligendum, tanta
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1605 est labes illius peccati ut deprecandi humilitatem subire non
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1606 possit, scilicet, de facili, secundum quod dicitur ille non posse
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1607 sanari qui non potest de facili sanari. Potest tamen hoc fieri per
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1608 virtutem divinae gratiae, quae etiam interdum in profundum maris
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
1609 convertit, ut dicitur in Psalmo.</p><p title="III q. 86 a. 1 ad 3"><a name="51358"><span class="ref">[51358] IIIª q. 86 a. 1 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1610 dicendum quod illud verbum vel blasphemia contra spiritum sanctum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1611 est finalis impoenitentia, ut Augustinus dicit, in libro de verbis
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1612 domini, quae penitus irremissibilis est, quia post finem huius
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1613 vitae non est remissio peccatorum. Vel, si intelligatur per
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1614 blasphemiam spiritus sancti peccatum quod fit ex certa malitia, vel
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1615 etiam ipsa blasphemia spiritus sancti, dicitur non remitti,
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1616 scilicet de facili, quia tale non habet in se causam excusationis;
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1617 vel quia pro tali peccato punitur aliquis et in hoc saeculo et in
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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diff changeset
1618 futuro; ut in secunda parte expositum est.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 2</h3><p title="III q. 86 a. 2 arg. 1"><a name="51359"><span class="ref">[51359] IIIª q. 86 a. 2 arg. 1</span></a> Ad secundum
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1619 sic proceditur. Videtur quod sine poenitentia peccatum remitti
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1620 possit. Non enim est minor virtus Dei circa adultos quam circa
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1621 pueros. Sed pueris peccata dimittit sine poenitentia. Ergo etiam et
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
1622 adultis.</p><p title="III q. 86 a. 2 arg. 2"><a name="51360"><span class="ref">[51360] IIIª q. 86 a. 2 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1623 Deus virtutem suam sacramentis non alligavit. Sed poenitentia est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1624 quoddam sacramentum. Ergo virtute divina possunt peccata sine
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
1625 poenitentia dimitti.</p><p title="III q. 86 a. 2 arg. 3"><a name="51361"><span class="ref">[51361] IIIª q. 86 a. 2 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1626 maior est misericordia Dei quam misericordia hominis. Sed homo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1627 interdum remittit offensam suam homini etiam non poenitenti, unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1628 et ipse dominus mandat, Matth. V, <i>diligite inimicos vestros,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1629 benefacite his qui oderunt vos</i>. Ergo multo magis Deus dimittit
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
1630 offensam suam hominibus non poenitentibus.</p><p title="III q. 86 a. 2 s. c."><a name="51362"><span class="ref">[51362] IIIª q. 86 a. 2 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1631 quod dominus dicit, Ierem. XVIII, <i>si poenitentiam egerit gens
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1632 illa a malo quod fecit, agam et ego poenitentiam a malo quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1633 cogitavi ut facerem ei</i>. Et sic e converso videtur quod, si homo
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
1634 poenitentiam non agat, quod Deus ei non remittat offensam.</p><p title="III q. 86 a. 2 co."><a name="51363"><span class="ref">[51363] IIIª q. 86 a. 2 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1635 dicendum quod impossibile est peccatum actuale mortale sine
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1636 poenitentia remitti, loquendo de poenitentia quae est virtus. Cum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1637 enim peccatum sit Dei offensa, eo modo Deus peccatum remittit quo
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1638 remittit offensam in se commissam. Offensa autem directe opponitur
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1639 gratiae, ex hoc enim dicitur aliquis alteri esse offensus, quod
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1640 repellit eum a gratia sua. Sicut autem habitum est in secunda
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1641 parte, hoc interest inter gratiam Dei et gratiam hominis, quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1642 gratia hominis non causat, sed praesupponit bonitatem, veram vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1643 apparentem, in homine grato, sed gratia Dei causat bonitatem in
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1644 homine grato, eo quod bona voluntas Dei, quae in nomine gratiae
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1645 intelligitur, est causa boni creati. Unde potest contingere quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1646 homo remittat offensam qua offensus est alicui, absque aliqua
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1647 immutatione voluntatis eius, non autem potest contingere quod Deus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1648 remittat offensam alicui absque immutatione voluntatis eius.
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1649 Offensa autem peccati mortalis procedit ex hoc quod voluntas
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1650 hominis est aversa a Deo per conversionem ad aliquod bonum
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1651 commutabile. Unde requiritur ad remissionem divinae offensae quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1652 voluntas hominis sic immutetur quod convertatur ad Deum, cum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1653 detestatione praedictae conversionis et proposito emendae. Quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1654 pertinet ad rationem poenitentiae secundum quod est virtus. Et ideo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1655 impossibile est quod peccatum alicui remittatur sine poenitentia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1656 secundum quod est virtus. Sacramentum autem poenitentiae, sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1657 supra dictum est, perficitur per officium sacerdotis ligantis et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1658 solventis. Sine quo potest Deus peccatum remittere, sicut remisit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1659 Christus mulieri adulterae, ut legitur Ioan. VIII, et peccatrici,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1660 ut legitur Luc. VII. Quibus tamen non remisit peccata sine virtute
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1661 poenitentiae; nam, sicut Gregorius dicit, in homilia, per gratiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1662 traxit intus, scilicet ad poenitentiam, <i>quam per misericordiam
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
1663 suscepit foris</i>.</p><p title="III q. 86 a. 2 ad 1"><a name="51364"><span class="ref">[51364] IIIª q. 86 a. 2 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1664 dicendum quod in pueris non est nisi peccatum originale, quod non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1665 consistit in actuali deordinatione voluntatis, sed in quadam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1666 habituali deordinatione naturae, ut in secunda parte habitum est.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1667 Et ideo remittitur eis peccatum cum habituali immutatione per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1668 infusionem gratiae et virtutum, non autem cum actuali. Sed adulto
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1669 in quo sunt actualia peccata, quae consistunt in deordinatione
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1670 actuali voluntatis, non remittuntur peccata, etiam in Baptismo,
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
1671 sine actuali immutatione voluntatis, quod fit per poenitentiam.</p><p title="III q. 86 a. 2 ad 2"><a name="51365"><span class="ref">[51365] IIIª q. 86 a. 2 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1672 dicendum quod ratio illa procedit de poenitentia secundum quod est
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
1673 sacramentum.</p><p title="III q. 86 a. 2 ad 3"><a name="51366"><span class="ref">[51366] IIIª q. 86 a. 2 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1674 dicendum quod misericordia Dei est maioris virtutis quam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1675 misericordia hominis in hoc, quod immutat voluntatem hominis ad
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
1676 poenitendum, quod misericordia hominis facere non potest.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 3</h3><p title="III q. 86 a. 3 arg. 1"><a name="51367"><span class="ref">[51367] IIIª q. 86 a. 3 arg. 1</span></a> Ad tertium sic
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1677 proceditur. Videtur quod possit per poenitentiam unum peccatum sine
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1678 alio remitti. Dicitur enim Amos IV, <i>plui super unam civitatem,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1679 et super alteram non plui, pars una compluta est, et pars super
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1680 quam non plui, aruit</i>. Quod exponens Gregorius, super Ezech.,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1681 dicit, <i>cum ille qui proximum odit ab aliis vitiis se corrigit,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1682 una et eadem civitas ex parte compluitur, et ex parte arida manet,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1683 quia sunt qui, cum quaedam vitia resecant, in aliis graviter
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1684 perdurant</i>. Ergo potest unum peccatum per poenitentiam remitti
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
1685 sine alio.</p><p title="III q. 86 a. 3 arg. 2"><a name="51368"><span class="ref">[51368] IIIª q. 86 a. 3 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1686 Ambrosius dicit, super beati immaculati, <i>prima consolatio est,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1687 quia non obliviscitur misereri Deus, secunda per punitionem, ubi,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1688 et si fides desit, poena satisfacit et relevat</i>. Potest ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1689 aliquis relevari ab aliquo peccato manente peccato
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
1690 infidelitatis.</p><p title="III q. 86 a. 3 arg. 3"><a name="51369"><span class="ref">[51369] IIIª q. 86 a. 3 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1691 eorum quae non necesse est esse simul, unum potest auferri sine
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1692 alio. Sed peccata, ut in secunda parte habitum est, non sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1693 connexa, et ita unum eorum potest esse sine alio. Ergo unum eorum
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
1694 potest remitti sine alio per poenitentiam.</p><p title="III q. 86 a. 3 arg. 4"><a name="51370"><span class="ref">[51370] IIIª q. 86 a. 3 arg. 4</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1695 peccata sunt debita quae nobis relaxari petimus cum dicimus in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1696 oratione dominica, dimitte nobis debita nostra. Sed homo quandoque
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1697 dimittit debitum unum sine alio. Ergo etiam Deus per poenitentiam
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
1698 dimittit unum peccatum sine alio.</p><p title="III q. 86 a. 3 arg. 5"><a name="51371"><span class="ref">[51371] IIIª q. 86 a. 3 arg. 5</span></a> Praeterea, per
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1699 dilectionem Dei relaxantur hominibus peccata, secundum illud Ierem.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1700 XXXI, <i>in caritate perpetua dilexi te, ideo attraxi te
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1701 miserans</i>. Sed nihil prohibet quin Deus diligat hominem quantum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1702 ad unum, et sit ei offensus quantum ad aliud, sicut peccatorem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1703 diligit quantum ad naturam, odit autem quantum ad culpam. Ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1704 videtur possibile quod Deus per poenitentiam remittat unum peccatum
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
1705 sine alio.</p><p title="III q. 86 a. 3 s. c."><a name="51372"><span class="ref">[51372] IIIª q. 86 a. 3 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1706 quod Augustinus dicit, in libro de poenitentia, <i>sunt plures quos
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1707 poenitet peccasse, sed non omnino, reservantes sibi quaedam in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1708 quibus delectentur, non animadvertentes dominum simul mutum et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1709 surdum a Daemonio liberasse, per hoc docens nos nunquam nisi de
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
1710 omnibus sanari</i>.</p><p title="III q. 86 a. 3 co."><a name="51373"><span class="ref">[51373] IIIª q. 86 a. 3 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1711 dicendum quod impossibile est per poenitentiam unum peccatum sine
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1712 alio remitti. Primo quidem, quia peccatum remittitur inquantum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1713 tollitur Dei offensa per gratiam, unde in secunda parte habitum est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1714 quod nullum peccatum potest remitti sine gratia. Omne autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1715 peccatum mortale contrariatur gratiae, et excludit eam. Unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1716 impossibile est quod unum peccatum sine alio remittatur. Secundo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1717 quia, sicut ostensum est, peccatum mortale non potest sine vera
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1718 poenitentia remitti, ad quam pertinet deserere peccatum inquantum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1719 est contra Deum. Quod quidem est commune omnibus peccatis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1720 mortalibus. Ubi autem eadem ratio est et idem effectus. Unde non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1721 potest esse vere poenitens qui de uno peccato poenitet et non de
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1722 alio. Si enim displiceret ei illud peccatum quia est contra Deum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1723 super omnia dilectum, quod requiritur ad rationem verae
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diff changeset
1724 poenitentiae, sequeretur quod de omnibus peccatis poeniteret. Unde
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diff changeset
1725 sequitur quod impossibile sit unum peccatum remitti sine alio.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1726 Tertio, quia hoc esset contra perfectionem misericordiae Dei, cuius
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1727 perfecta sunt opera, ut dicitur Deut. XXXII. Unde cuius miseretur,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1728 totaliter miseretur. Et hoc est quod Augustinus dicit, in libro de
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1729 poenitentia, <i>quaedam impietas infidelitatis est ab illo qui
53
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diff changeset
1730 iustus et iustitia est, dimidiam sperare veniam</i>.</p><p title="III q. 86 a. 3 ad 1"><a name="51374"><span class="ref">[51374] IIIª q. 86 a. 3 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1731 dicendum quod verbum illud Gregorii non est intelligendum quantum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1732 ad remissionem culpae, sed quantum ad cessationem ab actu, quia
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1733 interdum ille qui plura peccata consuevit committere, deserit unum,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1734 non tamen aliud. Quod quidem fit auxilio divino, quod tamen non
53
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diff changeset
1735 pertingit usque ad remissionem culpae.</p><p title="III q. 86 a. 3 ad 2"><a name="51375"><span class="ref">[51375] IIIª q. 86 a. 3 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1736 dicendum quod in verbo illo Ambrosii fides non potest accipi qua
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1737 creditur in Christum, quia, ut Augustinus dicit, super illud Ioan.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1738 XV, <i>si non venissem et locutus eis non fuissem, peccatum non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1739 haberent</i>, scilicet infidelitatis, <i>hoc enim est peccatum quo
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1740 tenentur cuncta peccata</i>. Sed accipitur fides pro conscientia,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1741 quia interdum per poenas quas quis patienter sustinet, consequitur
53
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diff changeset
1742 remissionem peccati cuius conscientiam non habet.</p><p title="III q. 86 a. 3 ad 3"><a name="51376"><span class="ref">[51376] IIIª q. 86 a. 3 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1743 dicendum quod peccata, quamvis non sint connexa quantum ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1744 conversionem ad bonum commutabile, sunt tamen connexa quantum ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1745 aversionem a bono incommutabili, in qua conveniunt omnia peccata
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1746 mortalia. Et ex hac parte habent rationem offensae, quam oportet
53
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diff changeset
1747 per poenitentiam tolli.</p><p title="III q. 86 a. 3 ad 4"><a name="51377"><span class="ref">[51377] IIIª q. 86 a. 3 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1748 dicendum quod debitum exterioris rei, puta pecuniae, non
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1749 contrariatur amicitiae, ex qua debitum remittitur. Et ideo potest
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1750 unum dimitti sine alio. Sed debitum culpae contrariatur amicitiae.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1751 Et ideo una culpa vel offensa non remittitur sine altera. Ridiculum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1752 etiam videretur quod aliquis ab homine veniam peteret de una
53
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diff changeset
1753 offensa et non de alia.</p><p title="III q. 86 a. 3 ad 5"><a name="51378"><span class="ref">[51378] IIIª q. 86 a. 3 ad 5</span></a> Ad quintum
28
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diff changeset
1754 dicendum quod dilectio qua Deus diligit hominis naturam, non
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1755 ordinatur ad bonum gloriae, a qua impeditur homo per quodlibet
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1756 mortale peccatum. Sed dilectio gratiae, per quam fit remissio
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1757 peccati mortalis, ordinat hominem ad vitam aeternam, secundum illud
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1758 Rom. VI, <i>gratia Dei vita aeterna</i>. Unde non est similis
53
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diff changeset
1759 ratio.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 4</h3><p title="III q. 86 a. 4 arg. 1"><a name="51379"><span class="ref">[51379] IIIª q. 86 a. 4 arg. 1</span></a> Ad quartum sic
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1760 proceditur. Videtur quod, remissa culpa per poenitentiam, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1761 remaneat reatus poenae. Remota enim causa, removetur effectus. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1762 culpa est causa reatus poenae, ideo enim est aliquis dignus poena
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1763 quia culpam commisit. Ergo, remissa culpa, non potest remanere
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
1764 reatus poenae.</p><p title="III q. 86 a. 4 arg. 2"><a name="51380"><span class="ref">[51380] IIIª q. 86 a. 4 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1765 sicut apostolus dicit, Rom. V, donum Christi est efficacius quam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1766 peccatum. Sed peccando homo simul incurrit culpam et poenae reatum.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1767 Ergo multo magis per donum gratiae simul remittitur culpa et
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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diff changeset
1768 tollitur poenae reatus.</p><p title="III q. 86 a. 4 arg. 3"><a name="51381"><span class="ref">[51381] IIIª q. 86 a. 4 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1769 remissio peccatorum fit in poenitentia per virtutem passionis
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1770 Christi, secundum illud Rom. III, <i>quem proposuit Deus
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1771 propitiatorem per fidem in sanguine ipsius, propter remissionem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1772 praecedentium delictorum</i>. Sed passio Christi sufficienter est
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1773 satisfactoria pro omnibus peccatis, ut supra habitum est. Non ergo
53
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diff changeset
1774 post remissionem culpae remanet aliquis reatus poenae.</p><p title="III q. 86 a. 4 s. c."><a name="51382"><span class="ref">[51382] IIIª q. 86 a. 4 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1775 quod, II Reg. XII, dicitur quod, cum David poenitens dixisset ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1776 Nathan, peccavi domino, dixit Nathan ad illum, <i>dominus quoque
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1777 transtulit peccatum tuum, non morieris. Veruntamen filius qui natus
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1778 est tibi, morte morietur</i>, quod fuit in poenam praecedentis
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1779 peccati, ut ibidem dicitur. Ergo, remissa culpa, remanet reatus
53
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parents: 28
diff changeset
1780 alicuius poenae.</p><p title="III q. 86 a. 4 co."><a name="51383"><span class="ref">[51383] IIIª q. 86 a. 4 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1781 dicendum quod, sicut in secunda parte habitum est, in peccato
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1782 mortali sunt duo, scilicet aversio ab incommutabili bono, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1783 conversio ad commutabile bonum inordinata. Ex parte igitur
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1784 aversionis ab incommutabili bono, consequitur peccatum mortale
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1785 reatus poenae aeternae, ut qui contra aeternum bonum peccavit, in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1786 aeternum puniatur. Ex parte etiam conversionis ad bonum
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1787 commutabile, inquantum est inordinata, consequitur peccatum mortale
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1788 reatus alicuius poenae, quia inordinatio culpae non reducitur ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1789 ordinem iustitiae nisi per poenam; iustum est enim ut qui voluntati
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1790 suae plus indulsit quam debuit, contra voluntatem suam aliquid
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1791 patiatur, sic enim erit aequalitas; unde et Apoc. XVIII dicitur,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1792 <i>quantum glorificavit se et in deliciis fuit, tantum date illi
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1793 tormentum et luctum</i>. Quia tamen conversio ad bonum commutabile
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1794 finita est, non habet ex hac parte peccatum mortale quod debeatur
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1795 ei poena aeterna. Unde, si sit inordinata conversio ad bonum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1796 commutabile sine aversione a Deo, sicut est in peccatis venialibus,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1797 non debetur peccato poena aeterna, sed temporalis. Quando igitur
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1798 per gratiam remittitur culpa, tollitur aversio animae a Deo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1799 inquantum per gratiam anima Deo coniungitur. Unde et per consequens
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1800 simul tollitur reatus poenae aeternae. Potest tamen remanere reatus
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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diff changeset
1801 alicuius poenae temporalis.</p><p title="III q. 86 a. 4 ad 1"><a name="51384"><span class="ref">[51384] IIIª q. 86 a. 4 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1802 dicendum quod culpa mortalis utrumque habet, et aversionem a Deo et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1803 conversionem ad bonum creatum, sed, sicut in secunda parte habitum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1804 est, aversio a Deo est ibi sicut formale, conversio autem ad bonum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1805 creatum est ibi sicut materiale. Remoto autem formali cuiuscumque
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1806 rei, tollitur species, sicut, remoto rationali, tollitur species
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1807 humana. Et ideo ex hoc ipso dicitur culpa mortalis remitti, quod
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1808 per gratiam tollitur aversio mentis a Deo, simul cum reatu poenae
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1809 aeternae. Remanet tamen id quod est materiale, scilicet inordinata
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1810 conversio ad bonum creatum. Pro qua debetur reatus poenae
53
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diff changeset
1811 temporalis.</p><p title="III q. 86 a. 4 ad 2"><a name="51385"><span class="ref">[51385] IIIª q. 86 a. 4 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
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diff changeset
1812 dicendum quod, sicut in secunda parte habitum est, ad gratiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1813 pertinet operari in homine iustificando a peccato, et cooperari
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1814 homini ad recte operandum. Remissio igitur culpae et reatus poenae
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1815 aeternae pertinet ad gratiam operantem, sed remissio reatus poenae
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1816 temporalis pertinet ad gratiam cooperantem, inquantum scilicet
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1817 homo, cum auxilio divinae gratiae, patienter poenas tolerando,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1818 absolvitur etiam a reatu poenae temporalis. Sicut igitur prius est
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1819 effectus gratiae operantis quam cooperantis, ita etiam prius est
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1820 remissio culpae et poenae aeternae quam plena absolutio a poena
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1821 temporali, utrumque enim est a gratia, sed primum a gratia sola,
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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diff changeset
1822 secundum ex gratia et ex libero arbitrio.</p><p title="III q. 86 a. 4 ad 3"><a name="51386"><span class="ref">[51386] IIIª q. 86 a. 4 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1823 dicendum est quod passio Christi de se sufficiens est ad tollendum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1824 omnem reatum poenae non solum aeternae, sed etiam temporalis, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1825 secundum modum quo homo participat virtutem passionis Christi,
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1826 percipit etiam absolutionem a reatu poenae. In Baptismo autem homo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1827 participat totaliter virtutem passionis Christi, utpote per aquam
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1828 et spiritum Christo commortuus peccato et in eo regeneratus ad
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1829 novam vitam. Et ideo in Baptismo homo consequitur remissionem
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1830 reatus totius poenae. In poenitentia vero consequitur virtutem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1831 passionis Christi secundum modum propriorum actuum, qui sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1832 materia poenitentiae, sicut aqua Baptismi, ut supra dictum est. Et
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1833 ideo non statim per primum actum poenitentiae, quo remittitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1834 culpa, solvitur reatus totius poenae, sed completis omnibus
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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diff changeset
1835 poenitentiae actibus.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 5</h3><p title="III q. 86 a. 5 arg. 1"><a name="51387"><span class="ref">[51387] IIIª q. 86 a. 5 arg. 1</span></a> Ad quintum sic
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1836 proceditur. Videtur quod, remissa culpa mortali, tollantur omnes
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1837 reliquiae peccati. Dicit enim Augustinus, in libro de poenitentia,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1838 <i>nunquam dominus aliquem sanavit quem omnino non liberavit, totum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1839 enim hominem sanavit in sabbato, quia corpus ab omni infirmitate,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1840 et animam ab omni contagione</i>. Sed reliquiae peccati pertinent
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1841 ad infirmitatem peccati. Ergo non videtur possibile quod, remissa
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
1842 culpa, remaneant reliquiae peccati.</p><p title="III q. 86 a. 5 arg. 2"><a name="51388"><span class="ref">[51388] IIIª q. 86 a. 5 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1843 secundum Dionysium, IV cap. de Div. Nom., bonum est efficacius quam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1844 malum, quia malum non agit nisi in virtute boni. Sed homo peccando
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1845 simul totam infectionem peccati contrahit. Ergo multo magis
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
1846 poenitendo liberatur etiam ab omnibus peccati reliquiis.</p><p title="III q. 86 a. 5 arg. 3"><a name="51389"><span class="ref">[51389] IIIª q. 86 a. 5 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1847 opus Dei est efficacius quam opus hominis. Sed per exercitium
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1848 humanorum operum ad bonum tolluntur reliquiae peccati contrarii.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1849 Ergo multo magis tolluntur per remissionem culpae, quae est opus
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
1850 Dei.</p><p title="III q. 86 a. 5 s. c."><a name="51390"><span class="ref">[51390] IIIª q. 86 a. 5 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1851 quod Marci VIII legitur quod caecus illuminatus a domino, primo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1852 restitutus est ad imperfectum visum, unde ait, <i>video homines
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1853 velut arbores ambulare</i>; deinde restitutus est perfecte, ita ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1854 videret clare omnia. Illuminatio autem caeci significat
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1855 liberationem peccatoris. Post primam ergo remissionem culpae, qua
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1856 peccator restituitur ad visum spiritualem, adhuc remanent in eo
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
1857 reliquiae aliquae peccati praeteriti.</p><p title="III q. 86 a. 5 co."><a name="51391"><span class="ref">[51391] IIIª q. 86 a. 5 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1858 dicendum quod peccatum mortale ex parte conversionis inordinatae ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1859 bonum commutabile quandam dispositionem causat in anima; vel etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1860 habitum, si actus frequenter iteretur. Sicut autem dictum est,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1861 culpa mortalis peccati remittitur inquantum tollitur per gratiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1862 aversio mentis a Deo. Sublato autem eo quod est ex parte
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1863 aversionis, nihilominus remanere potest id quod est ex parte
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1864 conversionis inordinatae, cum hanc contingat esse sine illa, sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1865 prius dictum est. Et ideo nihil prohibet quin remissa culpa,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1866 remaneant dispositiones ex praecedentibus actibus causatae, quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1867 dicuntur peccati reliquiae. Remanent tamen debilitatae et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1868 diminutae, ita quod homini non dominentur. Et hoc magis per modum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1869 dispositionum quam per modum habituum, sicut etiam remanet fomes
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
1870 post Baptismum.</p><p title="III q. 86 a. 5 ad 1"><a name="51392"><span class="ref">[51392] IIIª q. 86 a. 5 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28
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diff changeset
1871 dicendum quod Deus totum hominem perfecte curat, sed quandoque
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1872 subito, sicut socrum Petri statim restituit perfectae sanitati, ita
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1873 ut surgens ministraret ei, ut legitur Luc. IV; quandoque autem
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1874 successive, sicut dictum est de caeco illuminato, Marci VIII. Et
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diff changeset
1875 ita etiam spiritualiter quandoque tanta commotione convertit cor
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1876 hominis ut subito perfecte consequatur sanitatem spiritualem, non
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diff changeset
1877 solum remissa culpa, sed sublatis omnibus peccati reliquiis, ut
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diff changeset
1878 patet de Magdalena, Luc. VII. Quandoque autem prius remittit culpam
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1879 per gratiam operantem, et postea per gratiam cooperantem successive
53
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1880 tollit peccati reliquias.</p><p title="III q. 86 a. 5 ad 2"><a name="51393"><span class="ref">[51393] IIIª q. 86 a. 5 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
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1881 dicendum quod peccatum etiam quandoque statim inducit debilem
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1882 dispositionem, utpote per unum actum causatam, quandoque autem
53
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1883 fortiorem, causatam per multos actus.</p><p title="III q. 86 a. 5 ad 3"><a name="51394"><span class="ref">[51394] IIIª q. 86 a. 5 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
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1884 dicendum quod uno actu humano non tolluntur omnes reliquiae
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diff changeset
1885 peccati, quia, ut dicitur in praedicamentis, <i>pravus, ad meliores
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diff changeset
1886 exercitationes deductus, ad modicum aliquid proficiet, ut melior
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1887 sit</i>, multiplicato autem exercitio, ad hoc pervenit ut sit bonus
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1888 virtute acquisita. Hoc autem multo efficacius facit divina gratia,
53
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1889 sive uno sive pluribus actibus.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 6</h3><p title="III q. 86 a. 6 arg. 1"><a name="51395"><span class="ref">[51395] IIIª q. 86 a. 6 arg. 1</span></a> Ad sextum sic
28
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1890 proceditur. Videtur quod remissio culpae non sit effectus
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diff changeset
1891 poenitentiae secundum quod est virtus. Dicitur enim poenitentia
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diff changeset
1892 virtus secundum quod est principium humani actus. Sed humani actus
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1893 non operantur ad remissionem culpae, quae est effectus gratiae
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1894 operantis. Ergo remissio culpae non est effectus poenitentiae
53
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1895 secundum quod est virtus.</p><p title="III q. 86 a. 6 arg. 2"><a name="51396"><span class="ref">[51396] IIIª q. 86 a. 6 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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1896 quaedam aliae virtutes sunt excellentiores poenitentia. Sed
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diff changeset
1897 remissio culpae non dicitur effectus alicuius alterius virtutis.
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1898 Ergo etiam non est effectus poenitentiae secundum quod est
53
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1899 virtus.</p><p title="III q. 86 a. 6 arg. 3"><a name="51397"><span class="ref">[51397] IIIª q. 86 a. 6 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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1900 remissio culpae non est nisi ex virtute passionis Christi, secundum
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diff changeset
1901 illud Heb. IX, <i>sine sanguinis effusione non fit remissio</i>.
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1902 Sed poenitentia inquantum est sacramentum, operatur in virtute
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1903 passionis Christi, sicut et cetera sacramenta, ut ex supra dictis
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1904 patet. Ergo remissio culpae non est effectus poenitentiae inquantum
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1905 est virtus, sed inquantum est sacramentum.</p><p title="III q. 86 a. 6 s. c."><a name="51398"><span class="ref">[51398] IIIª q. 86 a. 6 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra,
28
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1906 illud est proprie causa alicuius sine quo esse non potest, omnis
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1907 enim effectus dependet a sua causa. Sed remissio culpae potest esse
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1908 a Deo sine poenitentiae sacramento, non autem sine poenitentia
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1909 secundum quod est virtus, ut supra dictum est. Unde et ante
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diff changeset
1910 sacramenta novae legis poenitentibus Deus peccata remittebat. Ergo
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1911 remissio culpae est effectus poenitentiae secundum quod est
53
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1912 virtus.</p><p title="III q. 86 a. 6 co."><a name="51399"><span class="ref">[51399] IIIª q. 86 a. 6 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
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1913 dicendum quod poenitentia est virtus secundum quod est principium
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1914 quorundam actuum humanorum. Actus autem humani qui sunt ex parte
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1915 peccatoris, materialiter se habent in sacramento poenitentiae. Omne
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1916 autem sacramentum producit effectum suum non solum virtute formae,
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diff changeset
1917 sed etiam virtute materiae, ex utroque enim est unum sacramentum,
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diff changeset
1918 ut supra habitum est. Unde, sicut remissio culpae fit in Baptismo
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1919 non solum virtute formae, ex qua et ipsa aqua virtutem recipit; ita
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1920 etiam remissio culpae est effectus poenitentiae, principalius
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diff changeset
1921 quidem ex virtute clavium, quam habent ministri, ex quorum parte
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1922 accipitur id quod est formale in hoc sacramento, ut supra dictum
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diff changeset
1923 est; secundario autem ex vi actuum poenitentis pertinentium ad
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diff changeset
1924 virtutem poenitentiae, tamen prout hi actus aliqualiter ordinantur
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diff changeset
1925 ad claves Ecclesiae. Et sic patet quod remissio culpae est effectus
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diff changeset
1926 poenitentiae secundum quod est virtus, principalius tamen secundum
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1927 quod est sacramentum.</p><p title="III q. 86 a. 6 ad 1"><a name="51400"><span class="ref">[51400] IIIª q. 86 a. 6 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28
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1928 dicendum quod effectus gratiae operantis est iustificatio impii, ut
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diff changeset
1929 in secunda parte dictum est. In qua, ut ibidem dictum est, non
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diff changeset
1930 solum est gratiae infusio et remissio culpae, sed etiam motus
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diff changeset
1931 liberi arbitrii in Deum, qui est actus fidei formatae, et motus
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diff changeset
1932 liberi arbitrii in peccatum, qui est actus poenitentiae. Hi tamen
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1933 actus humani sunt ibi ut effectus gratiae operantis simul producti
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diff changeset
1934 cum remissione culpae. Unde remissio culpae non fit sine actu
53
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1935 poenitentiae virtutis, licet sit effectus gratiae operantis.</p><p title="III q. 86 a. 6 ad 2"><a name="51401"><span class="ref">[51401] IIIª q. 86 a. 6 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
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diff changeset
1936 dicendum quod in iustificatione impii non solum est actus
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diff changeset
1937 poenitentiae, sed etiam actus fidei, ut dictum est. Et ideo
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diff changeset
1938 remissio culpae non ponitur effectus solum poenitentiae virtutis,
53
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1939 sed principalius fidei et caritatis.</p><p title="III q. 86 a. 6 ad 3"><a name="51402"><span class="ref">[51402] IIIª q. 86 a. 6 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
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diff changeset
1940 dicendum quod ad passionem Christi ordinatur actus poenitentiae
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diff changeset
1941 virtutis et per fidem et per ordinem ad claves Ecclesiae. Et ideo
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diff changeset
1942 utroque modo causat remissionem culpae virtute passionis
53
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1943 Christi.</p><p title="III q. 86 a. 6 ad 4"><a name="51403"><span class="ref">[51403] IIIª q. 86 a. 6 ad 4</span></a> Ad id autem quod
28
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1944 in contrarium obiicitur, dicendum est quod actus poenitentiae
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diff changeset
1945 virtutis habet quod sine eo non possit fieri remissio culpae,
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diff changeset
1946 inquantum est inseparabilis effectus gratiae, per quam
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diff changeset
1947 principaliter culpa remittitur, quae etiam operatur in omnibus
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1948 sacramentis. Et ideo per hoc non potest concludi nisi quod gratia
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1949 est principalior causa remissionis culpae quam poenitentiae
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1950 sacramentum. Sciendum tamen quod etiam in veteri lege et in lege
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1951 naturae erat aliqualiter sacramentum poenitentiae, ut supra dictum
59
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1952 est.</p></div></div><div id="q87" class="q"><h2>Quaestio 87</h2><div class="p"><h3>Prooemium</h3><p title="III q. 87 pr."><a name="51404"><span class="ref">[51404]
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1953 IIIª q. 87 pr.</span></a> Deinde considerandum est de
28
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1954 remissione venialium peccatorum. Et circa hoc quaeruntur quatuor.
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1955 Primo, utrum sine poenitentia peccatum veniale possit dimitti.
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1956 Secundo, utrum possit dimitti sine gratiae infusione. Tertio, utrum
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1957 peccata venialia remittantur per aspersionem aquae benedictae, et
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1958 tunsionem pectoris, et orationem dominicam, et alia huiusmodi.
53
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1959 Quarto, utrum veniale possit dimitti sine mortali.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 1</h3><p title="III q. 87 a. 1 arg. 1"><a name="51405"><span class="ref">[51405] IIIª q. 87 a. 1 arg. 1</span></a> Ad primum sic
28
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1960 proceditur. Videtur quod veniale peccatum possit remitti sine
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diff changeset
1961 poenitentia. Pertinet enim, ut supra dictum est, ad rationem verae
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diff changeset
1962 poenitentiae quod non solum homo doleat de peccato praeterito, sed
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diff changeset
1963 etiam proponat cavere de futuro. Sed sine tali proposito peccata
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1964 venialia dimittuntur, cum certum sit homini quod sine peccatis
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1965 venialibus praesentem vitam ducere non possit. Ergo peccata
53
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1966 venialia possunt remitti sine poenitentia.</p><p title="III q. 87 a. 1 arg. 2"><a name="51406"><span class="ref">[51406] IIIª q. 87 a. 1 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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1967 poenitentia non est sine actuali displicentia peccatorum. Sed
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diff changeset
1968 peccata venialia possunt dimitti sine displicentia eorum, sicut
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1969 patet in eo qui dormiens occideretur propter Christum; statim enim
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1970 evolaret, quod non contingit manentibus peccatis venialibus. Ergo
53
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1971 peccata venialia possunt remitti sine poenitentia.</p><p title="III q. 87 a. 1 arg. 3"><a name="51407"><span class="ref">[51407] IIIª q. 87 a. 1 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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1972 peccata venialia opponuntur fervori caritatis, ut in secunda parte
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1973 dictum est. Sed unum oppositorum tollitur per aliud. Ergo per
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1974 fervorem caritatis, quem contingit esse sine actuali displicentia
53
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1975 peccati venialis, fit remissio peccatorum venialium.</p><p title="III q. 87 a. 1 s. c."><a name="51408"><span class="ref">[51408] IIIª q. 87 a. 1 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28
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1976 quod Augustinus dicit, in libro de poenitentia, quod <i>est quaedam
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diff changeset
1977 poenitentia quae quotidie agitur in Ecclesia pro peccatis
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diff changeset
1978 venialibus</i>. Quae frustra esset si sine poenitentia peccata
53
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1979 venialia possunt dimitti.</p><p title="III q. 87 a. 1 co."><a name="51409"><span class="ref">[51409] IIIª q. 87 a. 1 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
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diff changeset
1980 dicendum quod remissio culpae, sicut dictum est, fit per
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1981 coniunctionem ad Deum, a quo aliqualiter separat culpa. Sed haec
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diff changeset
1982 separatio perfecte quidem fit per peccatum mortale, imperfecte
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1983 autem per peccatum veniale, nam per peccatum mortale mens omnino a
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1984 Deo avertitur, utpote contra caritatem agens; per peccatum autem
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diff changeset
1985 veniale retardatur affectus hominis ne prompte in Deum feratur. Et
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1986 ideo utrumque peccatum per poenitentiam quidem remittitur, quia per
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diff changeset
1987 utrumque deordinatur voluntas hominis per immoderatam conversionem
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1988 ad bonum creatum, sicut enim peccatum mortale remitti non potest
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1989 quandiu voluntas peccato adhaeret, ita etiam nec peccatum veniale,
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1990 quia, manente causa, manet effectus. Exigitur autem ad remissionem
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1991 peccati mortalis perfectior poenitentia, ut scilicet homo
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diff changeset
1992 actualiter peccatum mortale commissum detestetur quantum in ipso
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diff changeset
1993 est, ut scilicet diligentiam adhibeat ad rememorandum singula
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1994 peccata mortalia, ut singula detestetur. Sed hoc non requiritur ad
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diff changeset
1995 remissionem venialium peccatorum. Non tamen sufficit habitualis
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diff changeset
1996 displicentia, quae habetur per habitum caritatis vel poenitentiae
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1997 virtutis, quia sic caritas non compateretur peccatum veniale, quod
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1998 patet esse falsum. Unde sequitur quod requiratur quaedam virtualis
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1999 displicentia, puta cum aliquis fertur hoc modo secundum affectum in
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diff changeset
2000 Deum et res divinas ut quidquid ei occurrat quod eum ab hoc motu
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2001 retardaret, displiceret ei, et doleret se hoc commisisse, etiam si
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diff changeset
2002 actu de illo non cogitaret. Quod tamen non sufficit ad remissionem
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2003 peccati mortalis, nisi quantum ad peccata oblita post diligentem
53
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2004 inquisitionem.</p><p title="III q. 87 a. 1 ad 1"><a name="51410"><span class="ref">[51410] IIIª q. 87 a. 1 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28
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diff changeset
2005 dicendum quod homo in gratia constitutus potest vitare omnia
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diff changeset
2006 peccata mortalia et singula; potest etiam vitare singula peccata
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diff changeset
2007 venialia, sed non omnia; ut patet ex his quae in secunda parte
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2008 dicta sunt. Et ideo poenitentia de peccatis mortalibus requirit
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diff changeset
2009 quod homo proponat abstinere ab omnibus et singulis peccatis
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diff changeset
2010 mortalibus. Sed ad poenitentiam peccatorum venialium requiritur
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2011 quod proponat abstinere a singulis, non tamen ab omnibus, quia hoc
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2012 infirmitas huius vitae non patitur. Debet tamen habere propositum
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2013 se praeparandi ad peccata venialia minuenda, alioquin esset ei
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2014 periculum deficiendi, cum desereret appetitum proficiendi, seu
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diff changeset
2015 tollendi impedimenta spiritualis profectus, quae sunt peccata
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2016 venialia.</p><p title="III q. 87 a. 1 ad 2"><a name="51411"><span class="ref">[51411] IIIª q. 87 a. 1 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
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2017 dicendum quod passio pro Christo suscepta, sicut supra dictum est,
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2018 obtinet vim Baptismi. Et ideo purgat ab omni culpa et mortali et
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2019 veniali, nisi actualiter voluntatem peccato invenerit
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2020 inhaerentem.</p><p title="III q. 87 a. 1 ad 3"><a name="51412"><span class="ref">[51412] IIIª q. 87 a. 1 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
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diff changeset
2021 dicendum quod fervor caritatis virtualiter implicat displicentiam
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
2022 venialium peccatorum, ut supra dictum est.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 2</h3><p title="III q. 87 a. 2 arg. 1"><a name="51413"><span class="ref">[51413] IIIª q. 87 a. 2 arg. 1</span></a> Ad secundum
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2023 sic proceditur. Videtur quod ad remissionem venialium peccatorum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2024 requiratur gratiae infusio. Effectus enim non est sine propria
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2025 causa. Sed propria causa remissionis peccatorum est gratia, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2026 enim ex meritis propriis hominis peccata propria remittuntur; unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2027 dicitur Ephes. II, <i>Deus, qui dives est in misericordia, propter
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2028 nimiam caritatem qua dilexit nos, cum essemus mortui peccatis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2029 convivificavit nos in Christo, cuius gratia salvati estis</i>. Ergo
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
2030 peccata venialia non remittuntur sine gratiae infusione.</p><p title="III q. 87 a. 2 arg. 2"><a name="51414"><span class="ref">[51414] IIIª q. 87 a. 2 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2031 peccata venialia non remittuntur sine poenitentia. Sed in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2032 poenitentia infunditur gratia, sicut et in aliis sacramentis novae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2033 legis. Ergo peccata venialia non remittuntur sine gratiae
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
2034 infusione.</p><p title="III q. 87 a. 2 arg. 3"><a name="51415"><span class="ref">[51415] IIIª q. 87 a. 2 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2035 peccatum veniale maculam quandam animae infert. Sed macula non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2036 aufertur nisi per gratiam, quae est spiritualis animae decor. Ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2037 videtur quod peccata venialia non remittantur sine gratiae
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
2038 infusione.</p><p title="III q. 87 a. 2 s. c."><a name="51416"><span class="ref">[51416] IIIª q. 87 a. 2 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2039 quod peccatum veniale adveniens non tollit gratiam, neque etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2040 diminuit eam, ut in secunda parte habitum est. Ergo, pari ratione,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2041 ad hoc quod peccatum veniale remittatur, non requiritur novae
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
2042 gratiae infusio.</p><p title="III q. 87 a. 2 co."><a name="51417"><span class="ref">[51417] IIIª q. 87 a. 2 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2043 dicendum quod unumquodque tollitur per suum oppositum. Peccatum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2044 autem veniale non contrariatur habituali gratiae vel caritati, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2045 retardat actum eius, inquantum nimis haeret homo bono creato, licet
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2046 non contra Deum, ut in secunda parte habitum est. Et ideo ad hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2047 quod peccatum tollatur, non requiritur aliqua habitualis gratia,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2048 sed sufficit aliquis motus gratiae vel caritatis ad eius
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2049 remissionem. Quia tamen in habentibus usum liberi arbitrii, in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2050 quibus solum possunt esse peccata venialia, non contingit esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2051 infusionem gratiae sine actuali motu liberi arbitrii in Deum et in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2052 peccatum; ideo, quandocumque de novo gratia infunditur, peccata
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2053 venialia remittuntur.</p><p title="III q. 87 a. 2 ad 1"><a name="51418"><span class="ref">[51418] IIIª q. 87 a. 2 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2054 dicendum quod etiam remissio peccatorum venialium est effectus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2055 gratiae, per actum scilicet quem de novo elicit, non autem per
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2056 aliquid habituale de novo animae infusum.</p><p title="III q. 87 a. 2 ad 2"><a name="51419"><span class="ref">[51419] IIIª q. 87 a. 2 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2057 dicendum quod veniale peccatum nunquam remittitur sine aliquali
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2058 actu poenitentiae virtutis, explicito scilicet vel implicito, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2059 supra dictum est. Potest tamen remitti veniale peccatum sine
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2060 poenitentiae sacramento, quod in absolutione sacerdotis formaliter
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2061 perficitur, ut supra dictum est. Et ideo non sequitur quod ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2062 remissionem venialis requiratur gratiae infusio, quae licet sit in
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2063 quolibet sacramento, non tamen in quolibet actu virtutis.</p><p title="III q. 87 a. 2 ad 3"><a name="51420"><span class="ref">[51420] IIIª q. 87 a. 2 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2064 dicendum quod, sicut in corpore contingit esse maculam dupliciter,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2065 uno modo per privationem eius quod requiritur ad decorem, puta
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2066 debiti coloris aut debitae proportionis membrorum, alio modo per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2067 superinductionem alicuius impedientis decorem, puta luti aut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2068 pulveris; ita etiam in anima inducitur macula uno modo per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2069 privationem decoris gratiae per peccatum mortale, alio modo per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2070 inclinationem inordinatam affectus ad aliquid temporale; et hoc fit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2071 per peccatum veniale. Et ideo ad tollendam maculam mortalis peccati
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2072 requiritur infusio gratiae, sed ad tollendam maculam peccati
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2073 venialis, requiritur aliquis actus procedens a gratia per quem
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2074 removeatur inordinata adhaesio ad rem temporalem.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 3</h3><p title="III q. 87 a. 3 arg. 1"><a name="51421"><span class="ref">[51421] IIIª q. 87 a. 3 arg. 1</span></a> Ad tertium sic
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2075 proceditur. Videtur quod peccata venialia non remittantur per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2076 aspersionem aquae benedictae, et episcopalem benedictionem, et alia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2077 huiusmodi. Peccata enim venialia non remittuntur sine poenitentia,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2078 ut dictum est. Sed poenitentia per se sufficit ad remissionem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2079 venialium peccatorum. Ergo ista nihil operantur ad huiusmodi
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2080 remissionem.</p><p title="III q. 87 a. 3 arg. 2"><a name="51422"><span class="ref">[51422] IIIª q. 87 a. 3 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2081 quodlibet istorum relationem habet ad unum peccatum veniale, et ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2082 omnia. Si ergo per aliquod istorum remittitur peccatum veniale,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2083 sequetur quod pari ratione remittantur omnia. Et ita per unam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2084 tunsionem pectoris, vel per unam aspersionem aquae benedictae,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2085 redderetur homo immunis ab omnibus peccatis venialibus. Quod
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2086 videtur inconveniens.</p><p title="III q. 87 a. 3 arg. 3"><a name="51423"><span class="ref">[51423] IIIª q. 87 a. 3 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2087 peccata venialia inducunt reatum alicuius poenae, licet temporalis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2088 dicitur enim, I Cor. III, de eo qui <i>superaedificat lignum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2089 faenum et stipulam, quod salvus erit, sic tamen quasi per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2090 ignem</i>. Sed huiusmodi per quae dicitur peccatum veniale remitti,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2091 vel nullam vel minimam poenam in se habent. Ergo non sufficiunt ad
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2092 plenam remissionem venialium peccatorum.</p><p title="III q. 87 a. 3 s. c."><a name="51424"><span class="ref">[51424] IIIª q. 87 a. 3 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2093 quod Augustinus dicit, in libro de poenitentia, quod pro levibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2094 peccatis pectora nostra tundimus, <i>et dicimus, dimitte nobis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2095 debita nostra</i>. Et ita videtur quod tunsio pectoris et oratio
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2096 dominica causent remissionem peccatorum. Et eadem ratio videtur
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2097 esse de aliis.</p><p title="III q. 87 a. 3 co."><a name="51425"><span class="ref">[51425] IIIª q. 87 a. 3 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2098 dicendum quod, sicut dictum est, ad remissionem venialis peccati
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2099 non requiritur novae gratiae infusio, sed sufficit aliquis actus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2100 procedens ex gratia quo homo detestetur peccatum vel explicite, vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2101 saltem implicite, sicut cum aliquis ferventer movetur in Deum. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2102 ideo triplici ratione aliqua causant remissionem venialium
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2103 peccatorum. Uno modo, inquantum in eis infunditur gratia, quia per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2104 infusionem gratiae tolluntur peccata venialia, ut supra dictum est.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2105 Et hoc modo per Eucharistiam et extremam unctionem, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2106 universaliter per omnia sacramenta novae legis, in quibus confertur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2107 gratia, peccata venialia remittuntur. Secundo, inquantum sunt cum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2108 aliquo motu detestationis peccatorum. Et hoc modo confessio
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2109 generalis, tunsio pectoris, et oratio dominica operantur ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2110 remissionem venialium peccatorum, nam in oratione dominica petimus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2111 dimitte nobis debita nostra. Tertio, inquantum sunt cum aliquo motu
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2112 reverentiae in Deum et ad res divinas. Et hoc modo benedictio
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2113 episcopalis, aspersio aquae benedictae, quaelibet sacramentalis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2114 unctio, oratio in Ecclesia dedicata, et si qua alia sunt huiusmodi,
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2115 operantur ad remissionem peccatorum.</p><p title="III q. 87 a. 3 ad 1"><a name="51426"><span class="ref">[51426] IIIª q. 87 a. 3 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2116 dicendum quod omnia ista causant remissionem peccatorum venialium
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2117 inquantum inclinant animam ad motum poenitentiae, qui est
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2118 detestatio peccatorum, vel implicite vel explicite.</p><p title="III q. 87 a. 3 ad 2"><a name="51427"><span class="ref">[51427] IIIª q. 87 a. 3 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2119 dicendum quod omnia ista, quantum est de se, operantur ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2120 remissionem omnium venialium peccatorum. Potest tamen impediri
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2121 remissio quantum ad aliqua peccata venialia, quibus mens actualiter
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2122 inhaeret, sicut etiam per fictionem impeditur aliquando effectus
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2123 Baptismi.</p><p title="III q. 87 a. 3 ad 3"><a name="51428"><span class="ref">[51428] IIIª q. 87 a. 3 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2124 dicendum quod per praedicta tolluntur quidem peccata venialia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2125 quantum ad culpam, tum virtute alicuius sanctificationis, tum etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2126 virtute caritatis, cuius motus per praedicta excitatur. Non autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2127 per quodlibet praedictorum semper tollitur totus reatus poenae,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2128 quia sic qui esset omnino immunis a peccato mortali, aspersus aqua
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2129 benedicta statim evolaret. Sed reatus poenae remittitur per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2130 praedicta secundum motum fervoris in Deum, qui per praedicta
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2131 excitatur quandoque magis, quandoque minus.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 4</h3><p title="III q. 87 a. 4 arg. 1"><a name="51429"><span class="ref">[51429] IIIª q. 87 a. 4 arg. 1</span></a> Ad quartum sic
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2132 proceditur. Videtur quod veniale peccatum possit remitti sine
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2133 mortali. Quia super illud Ioan. VIII, <i>qui sine peccato est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2134 vestrum, primus in illam lapidem mittat</i>, dicit quaedam Glossa
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2135 quod <i>omnes illi erant in peccato mortali, venialia enim eis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2136 dimittebantur per caeremonias</i>. Ergo veniale peccatum potest
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2137 remitti sine mortali.</p><p title="III q. 87 a. 4 arg. 2"><a name="51430"><span class="ref">[51430] IIIª q. 87 a. 4 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea, ad
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2138 remissionem peccati venialis non requiritur gratiae infusio.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2139 Requiritur autem ad remissionem mortalis. Ergo veniale peccatum
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2140 potest remitti sine mortali.</p><p title="III q. 87 a. 4 arg. 3"><a name="51431"><span class="ref">[51431] IIIª q. 87 a. 4 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2141 plus distat veniale peccatum a mortali quam ab alio veniali. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2142 unum veniale potest dimitti sine alio, ut dictum est. Ergo veniale
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2143 potest dimitti sine mortali.</p><p title="III q. 87 a. 4 s. c."><a name="51432"><span class="ref">[51432] IIIª q. 87 a. 4 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2144 quod dicitur Matth. V, non exibis inde, scilicet de carcere, in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2145 quem introducitur homo pro peccato mortali, donec reddas novissimum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2146 quadrantem, per quem significatur veniale peccatum. Ergo veniale
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2147 peccatum non remittitur sine mortali.</p><p title="III q. 87 a. 4 co."><a name="51433"><span class="ref">[51433] IIIª q. 87 a. 4 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2148 dicendum quod, sicut supra dictum est, remissio culpae cuiuscumque
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2149 nunquam fit nisi per virtutem gratiae, quia, ut apostolus dicit,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2150 Rom. IV, ad gratiam Dei pertinet quod Deus alicui non imputat
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2151 peccatum, quod Glossa ibi exponit de veniali. Ille autem qui est in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2152 peccato mortali, caret gratia Dei. Unde nullum peccatum veniale
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2153 sibi remittitur.</p><p title="III q. 87 a. 4 ad 1"><a name="51434"><span class="ref">[51434] IIIª q. 87 a. 4 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2154 dicendum quod venialia ibi dicuntur irregularitates sive
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2155 immunditiae quas contrahebant secundum legem.</p><p title="III q. 87 a. 4 ad 2"><a name="51435"><span class="ref">[51435] IIIª q. 87 a. 4 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2156 dicendum quod, licet ad remissionem peccati venialis non requiratur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2157 nova infusio habitualis gratiae, requiritur tamen aliquis gratiae
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2158 actus. Qui non potest esse in eo qui subiacet peccato mortali.</p><p title="III q. 87 a. 4 ad 3"><a name="51436"><span class="ref">[51436] IIIª q. 87 a. 4 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2159 dicendum quod peccatum veniale non excludit omnem actum gratiae,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2160 per quem possunt omnia peccata venialia dimitti. Sed peccatum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2161 mortale excludit totaliter habitum gratiae, sine quo nullum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2162 peccatum mortale vel veniale remittitur. Et ideo non est similis
59
03759e5c1080 fix multi-para s.c.
ht
parents: 53
diff changeset
2163 ratio.</p></div></div><div id="q88" class="q"><h2>Quaestio 88</h2><div class="p"><h3>Prooemium</h3><p title="III q. 88 pr."><a name="51437"><span class="ref">[51437]
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
2164 IIIª q. 88 pr.</span></a> Deinde considerandum est de reditu
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2165 peccatorum post poenitentiam dimissorum. Et circa hoc quaeruntur
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2166 quatuor. Primo, utrum peccata per poenitentiam dimissa redeant
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2167 simpliciter per sequens peccatum. Secundo, utrum aliquo modo per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2168 ingratitudinem redeant specialius secundum quaedam peccata. Tertio,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2169 utrum redeant in aequali reatu. Quarto, utrum illa ingratitudo per
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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diff changeset
2170 quam redeunt, sit speciale peccatum.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 1</h3><p title="III q. 88 a. 1 arg. 1"><a name="51438"><span class="ref">[51438] IIIª q. 88 a. 1 arg. 1</span></a> Ad primum sic
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2171 proceditur. Videtur quod peccata dimissa redeant per sequens
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2172 peccatum. Dicit enim Augustinus, in libro I de Baptismo, <i>redire
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2173 dimissa peccata ubi fraterna caritas non est, apertissime dominus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2174 in Evangelio docet in illo servo a quo dimissum debitum dominus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2175 petiit eo quod ille conservo suo debitum nollet dimittere</i>. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2176 fraterna caritas tollitur per quodlibet peccatum mortale. Ergo per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2177 quodlibet sequens mortale peccatum redeunt peccata prius per
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
2178 poenitentiam dimissa.</p><p title="III q. 88 a. 1 arg. 2"><a name="51439"><span class="ref">[51439] IIIª q. 88 a. 1 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2179 super illud Luc. XI, <i>revertar in domum meam unde exivi</i>,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2180 dicit Beda, <i>timendus est ille versiculus, non exponendus, ne
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2181 culpa quam in nobis extinctam credebamus, per incuriam nos vacantes
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2182 opprimat</i>. Hoc autem non esset nisi rediret. Ergo culpa per
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
2183 poenitentiam dimissa redit.</p><p title="III q. 88 a. 1 arg. 3"><a name="51440"><span class="ref">[51440] IIIª q. 88 a. 1 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2184 Ezech. XVIII dominus dicit, <i>si averterit se iustus a iustitia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2185 sua et fecerit iniquitatem, omnes iustitiae eius quas fecerat, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2186 recordabuntur amplius</i>. Sed inter alias iustitias quas fecit,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2187 etiam praecedens poenitentia concurrit, cum supra dictum sit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2188 poenitentiam esse partem iustitiae. Ergo, postquam poenitens
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2189 peccat, non imputatur ei praecedens poenitentia, per quam
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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diff changeset
2190 consecutus est veniam peccatorum. Redeunt ergo illa peccata.</p><p title="III q. 88 a. 1 arg. 4"><a name="51441"><span class="ref">[51441] IIIª q. 88 a. 1 arg. 4</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2191 peccata praeterita per gratiam teguntur, ut patet per apostolum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2192 Rom. IV, inducentem illud Psalmi, <i>beati quorum remissae sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2193 iniquitates et quorum tecta sunt peccata</i>. Sed per peccatum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2194 mortale sequens gratia tollitur. Ergo peccata quae fuerant prius
59
03759e5c1080 fix multi-para s.c.
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parents: 53
diff changeset
2195 commissa, remanent detecta. Et ita videtur quod redeant.</p><div class="sc"><p title="III q. 88 a. 1 s. c. 1"><a name="51442"><span class="ref">[51442] IIIª q. 88 a. 1 s. c. 1</span></a> Sed contra
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2196 est quod apostolus dicit, Rom. XI, <i>sine poenitentia sunt dona
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2197 Dei, et vocatio</i>. Sed peccata poenitentis sunt remissa per donum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2198 Dei. Ergo per peccatum sequens non redeunt dimissa peccata, quasi
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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diff changeset
2199 Deus de dono remissionis poeniteat.</p><p title="III q. 88 a. 1 s. c. 2"><a name="51443"><span class="ref">[51443] IIIª q. 88 a. 1 s. c. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2200 Augustinus dicit, in libro responsionum prosperi, <i>qui recedit a
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2201 Christo et alienatus a gratia finit hanc vitam, quid nisi in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2202 perditionem vadit? Sed non in id quod dimissum est recidit, nec pro
59
03759e5c1080 fix multi-para s.c.
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parents: 53
diff changeset
2203 originali peccato damnabitur</i>.</p></div><p title="III q. 88 a. 1 co."><a name="51444"><span class="ref">[51444] IIIª q. 88 a. 1 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2204 dicendum quod, sicut supra dictum est, in peccato mortali sunt duo,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2205 scilicet aversio a Deo, et conversio ad bonum creatum. Quidquid
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2206 autem est aversionis in peccato mortali secundum se consideratum,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2207 est commune omnibus peccatis mortalibus, quia per quodlibet
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2208 peccatum mortale homo avertitur a Deo. Unde et per consequens
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2209 macula, quae est per privationem gratiae, et reatus poenae
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2210 aeternae, communia sunt omnibus peccatis mortalibus. Et secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2211 hoc intelligitur id quod dicitur Iac. II, <i>qui offendit in uno,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2212 factus est omnium reus</i>. Sed ex parte conversionis, peccata
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2213 mortalia sunt diversa, et interdum contraria. Unde manifestum est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2214 quod ex parte conversionis peccatum mortale sequens non facit
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2215 redire peccata mortalia prius abolita. Alioquin sequeretur quod
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2216 homo per peccatum prodigalitatis reduceretur in habitum vel
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2217 dispositionem avaritiae prius abolitae et sic contrarium esset
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2218 causa sui contrarii, quod est impossibile. Sed considerando in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2219 peccatis mortalibus id quod est ex parte aversionis absolute, per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2220 peccatum mortale sequens homo privatur gratia et fit reus poenae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2221 aeternae, sicut et prius erat. Verum, quia aversio in peccato
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2222 mortali ex conversione quodammodo diversitatem induit per
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2223 comparationem ad diversas conversiones sicut ad diversas causas,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2224 ita quod sit alia aversio et alia macula et alius reatus prout
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2225 consurgit ex alio actu peccati mortalis, hoc ergo in quaestionem
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2226 vertitur, utrum macula et reatus poenae aeternae, secundum quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2227 causabantur ex actibus peccatorum prius dimissorum, redeant per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2228 peccatum mortale sequens. Quibusdam igitur visum est quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2229 simpliciter hoc modo redeant. Sed hoc non potest esse. Quia opus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2230 Dei per opus hominis irritari non potest. Remissio autem priorum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2231 peccatorum est opus divinae misericordiae. Unde non potest irritari
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2232 per sequens peccatum hominis, secundum illud Rom. III, <i>nunquid
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2233 incredulitas illorum fidem Dei evacuavit?</i> Et ideo alii,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2234 ponentes peccata redire, dixerunt quod Deus non remittit peccata
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2235 poenitenti postmodum peccaturo secundum praescientiam, sed solum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2236 secundum praesentem iustitiam. Praescit enim eum pro his peccatis
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2237 aeternaliter puniendum, et tamen per gratiam facit eum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2238 praesentialiter iustum. Sed nec hoc stare potest. Quia, si causa
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2239 absolute ponatur, et effectus ponitur absolute. Si ergo absolute
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2240 non fieret peccatorum remissio, sed cum quadam conditione in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2241 futurum dependente, per gratiam et gratiae sacramenta, sequeretur
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2242 quod gratia et gratiae sacramenta non essent sufficiens causa
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2243 remissionis peccatorum. Quod est erroneum, utpote derogans gratiae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2244 Dei. Et ideo nullo modo potest esse quod macula et reatus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2245 praecedentium peccatorum redeant secundum quod ex talibus actibus
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2246 causabantur. Contingit autem quod sequens actus peccati virtualiter
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2247 continet reatum prioris peccati, inquantum scilicet aliquis secundo
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2248 peccans ex hoc ipso videtur gravius peccare quam prius peccaverat;
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2249 secundum illud Rom. II, <i>secundum duritiam tuam et cor
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2250 impoenitens thesaurizas tibi iram in die irae</i>, ex hoc solo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2251 scilicet quod contemnitur Dei bonitas, quae ad poenitentiam
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2252 expectat; multo autem magis contemnitur Dei bonitas si, post
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2253 remissionem prioris peccati, secundo peccatum iteretur; quanto
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2254 maius est beneficium peccatum remittere quam sustinere peccatorem.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2255 Sic igitur per peccatum sequens poenitentiam redit quodammodo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2256 reatus peccatorum prius dimissorum, non inquantum causabatur ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2257 illis peccatis prius dimissis, sed inquantum causatur ex peccato
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2258 ultimo perpetrato, quod aggravatur ex peccatis prioribus. Et hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2259 non est peccata dimissa redire simpliciter, sed secundum quid,
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2260 inquantum scilicet virtualiter in peccato sequenti continentur.</p><p title="III q. 88 a. 1 ad 1"><a name="51445"><span class="ref">[51445] IIIª q. 88 a. 1 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2261 dicendum quod illud verbum Augustini videtur esse intelligendum de
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2262 reditu peccatorum quantum ad reatum poenae aeternae in se
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2263 consideratum, quia scilicet post poenitentiam peccans incurrit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2264 reatum poenae aeternae sicut et prius; non tamen omnino propter
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2265 eandem rationem. Unde Augustinus, in libro de responsionibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2266 prosperi, cum dixisset quod <i>non in id quod remissum est recidit,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2267 nec pro originali peccato damnabitur</i>, subdit, <i>qui tamen ea
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2268 morte afficitur quae ei propter peccata dimissa debebatur</i>, quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2269 scilicet incurrit mortem aeternam, quam meruerat per peccata
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2270 praeterita.</p><p title="III q. 88 a. 1 ad 2"><a name="51446"><span class="ref">[51446] IIIª q. 88 a. 1 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2271 dicendum quod in illis verbis non intendit Beda dicere quod culpa
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2272 prius dimissa hominem opprimat per reditum praeteriti reatus, sed
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2273 per iterationem actus.</p><p title="III q. 88 a. 1 ad 3"><a name="51447"><span class="ref">[51447] IIIª q. 88 a. 1 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2274 dicendum quod per sequens peccatum iustitiae priores oblivioni
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2275 traduntur inquantum erant meritoriae vitae aeternae, non tamen
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2276 inquantum erant impeditivae peccati. Unde, si aliquis peccet
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2277 mortaliter postquam restituit debitum, non efficitur reus quasi
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2278 debitum non reddidisset. Et multo minus traditur oblivioni
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2279 poenitentia prius acta quantum ad remissionem culpae, cum remissio
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2280 culpae magis sit opus Dei quam hominis.</p><p title="III q. 88 a. 1 ad 4"><a name="51448"><span class="ref">[51448] IIIª q. 88 a. 1 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2281 dicendum quod gratia simpliciter tollit maculam et reatum poenae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2282 aeternae, tegit autem actus peccati praeteritos, ne scilicet
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2283 propter eos Deus hominem gratia privet et reum habeat poenae
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2284 aeternae. Et quod gratia semel facit, perpetuo manet.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 2</h3><p title="III q. 88 a. 2 arg. 1"><a name="51449"><span class="ref">[51449] IIIª q. 88 a. 2 arg. 1</span></a> Ad secundum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2285 sic proceditur. Videtur quod peccata dimissa non redeant per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2286 ingratitudinem quae specialiter est secundum quatuor genera
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2287 peccatorum, scilicet secundum odium fraternum, apostasiam a fide,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2288 contemptum confessionis, et dolorem de poenitentia habita, secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2289 quod quidam metrice dixerunt, <i>fratres odit, apostata fit,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2290 spernitque fateri, poenituisse piget, pristina culpa redit</i>.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2291 Tanto enim est maior ingratitudo quanto gravius est peccatum quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2292 quis contra Deum committit post beneficium remissionis peccatorum.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2293 Sed quaedam alia peccata sunt his graviora, sicut blasphemia contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2294 Deum, et peccatum in spiritum sanctum. Ergo videtur quod peccata
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2295 dimissa non redeant magis secundum ingratitudinem commissam
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2296 secundum haec peccata, quam secundum alia.</p><p title="III q. 88 a. 2 arg. 2"><a name="51450"><span class="ref">[51450] IIIª q. 88 a. 2 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2297 Rabanus dicit, <i>nequam servum tradidit Deus tortoribus quoadusque
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2298 redderet universum debitum, quia non solum peccata quae post
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2299 Baptismum homo egit reputabuntur ei ad poenam, sed originalia, quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2300 ei sunt dimissa in Baptismo</i>. Sed etiam inter debita peccata
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2301 venialia computantur, pro quibus dicimus, dimitte nobis debita
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2302 nostra. Ergo ipsa etiam redeunt per ingratitudinem. Et pari ratione
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2303 videtur quod per peccata venialia redeant peccata prius dimissa, et
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2304 non solum per praedicta peccata.</p><p title="III q. 88 a. 2 arg. 3"><a name="51451"><span class="ref">[51451] IIIª q. 88 a. 2 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2305 tanto est maior ingratitudo quanto post maius beneficium acceptum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2306 aliquis peccat. Sed beneficium Dei est etiam ipsa innocentia, qua
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2307 peccatum vitamus, dicit enim Augustinus, in II Confess., <i>gratiae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2308 tuae deputo quaecumque peccata non feci</i>. Maius autem donum est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2309 innocentia quam etiam remissio omnium peccatorum. Ergo non minus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2310 est ingratus Deo qui primo peccat post innocentiam, quam qui peccat
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2311 post poenitentiam. Et ita videtur quod per ingratitudinem quae fit
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
2312 secundum peccata praedicta, non maxime redeant peccata dimissa.</p><p title="III q. 88 a. 2 s. c."><a name="51452"><span class="ref">[51452] IIIª q. 88 a. 2 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28
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diff changeset
2313 quod Gregorius dicit, XVIII Moral., <i>ex dictis evangelicis
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2314 constat quia, si quod in nos delinquitur ex corde non dimittimus,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2315 et illud rursus exigetur quod nobis iam per poenitentiam dimissum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2316 fuisse gaudebamus</i>. Et ita propter odium fraternum specialiter
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2317 peccata dimissa redeunt per ingratitudinem. Et eadem ratio videtur
53
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diff changeset
2318 de aliis.</p><p title="III q. 88 a. 2 co."><a name="51453"><span class="ref">[51453] IIIª q. 88 a. 2 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
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diff changeset
2319 dicendum quod, sicut supra dictum est, peccata dimissa per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2320 poenitentiam redire dicuntur inquantum reatus eorum, ratione
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2321 ingratitudinis, virtualiter continetur in peccato sequenti.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2322 Ingratitudo autem potest committi dupliciter. Uno modo, ex eo quod
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2323 aliquid fit contra beneficium. Et hoc modo per omne peccatum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2324 mortale quo Deum offendit, redditur homo ingratus Deo, qui peccata
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2325 remisit. Et sic per quodlibet peccatum mortale sequens redeunt
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2326 peccata prius dimissa, ratione ingratitudinis. Alio modo
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2327 committitur ingratitudo non solum faciendo contra ipsum beneficium,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2328 sed etiam faciendo contra formam beneficii praestiti. Quae quidem
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2329 forma, si attendatur ex parte benefactoris, est remissio debitorum.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2330 Unde contra hanc formam facit qui fratri petenti veniam non
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2331 remittit, sed odium tenet. Si autem attendatur ex parte
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2332 poenitentis, qui recipit hoc beneficium, invenitur duplex motus
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2333 liberi arbitrii. Quorum primus est motus liberi arbitrii in Deum,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2334 qui est actus fidei formatae, et contra hoc facit homo apostatando
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2335 a fide, secundus autem, motus liberi arbitrii in peccatum, qui est
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2336 actus poenitentiae. Ad quam primo pertinet, ut supra dictum est,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2337 quod homo detestetur peccata praeterita, et contra hoc facit ille
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2338 qui dolet se poenituisse. Secundo pertinet ad actum poenitentiae ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2339 poenitens proponat se subiicere clavibus Ecclesiae per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2340 confessionem, secundum illud Psalmi, <i>dixi, confitebor adversum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2341 me iniustitiam meam domino, et ut remisisti impietatem peccati
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2342 mei</i>. Et contra hoc facit ille qui contemnit confiteri, secundum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2343 quod proposuerat. Et ideo dicitur quod specialiter ingratitudo
53
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diff changeset
2344 horum peccatorum facit redire peccata prius dimissa.</p><p title="III q. 88 a. 2 ad 1"><a name="51454"><span class="ref">[51454] IIIª q. 88 a. 2 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2345 dicendum quod hoc non dicitur specialiter de istis peccatis quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2346 sint ceteris graviora, sed quia directius opponuntur beneficio
53
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diff changeset
2347 remissionis peccatorum.</p><p title="III q. 88 a. 2 ad 2"><a name="51455"><span class="ref">[51455] IIIª q. 88 a. 2 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2348 dicendum quod etiam peccata venialia et peccatum originale redeunt
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2349 modo praedicto, sicut et peccata mortalia, inquantum contemnitur
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2350 Dei beneficium quo haec peccata sunt remissa. Non tamen per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2351 peccatum veniale aliquis incurrit ingratitudinem, quia homo,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2352 peccando venialiter, non facit contra Deum, sed praeter ipsum. Et
53
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parents: 28
diff changeset
2353 ideo per peccata venialia nullo modo peccata dimissa redeunt.</p><p title="III q. 88 a. 2 ad 3"><a name="51456"><span class="ref">[51456] IIIª q. 88 a. 2 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2354 dicendum quod beneficium aliquod habet pensari dupliciter. Uno
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2355 modo, ex quantitate ipsius beneficii. Et secundum hoc, innocentia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2356 est maius Dei beneficium quam poenitentia, quae dicitur secunda
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2357 tabula post naufragium. Alio modo potest pensari beneficium ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2358 parte recipientis, qui minus est dignus, et sic magis sibi fit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2359 gratia. Unde et ipse magis est ingratus si contemnat. Et hoc modo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2360 beneficium remissionis culpae est maius, inquantum praestatur
53
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parents: 28
diff changeset
2361 totaliter indigno. Et ideo ex hoc sequitur maior ingratitudo.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 3</h3><p title="III q. 88 a. 3 arg. 1"><a name="51457"><span class="ref">[51457] IIIª q. 88 a. 3 arg. 1</span></a> Ad tertium sic
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2362 proceditur. Videtur quod per ingratitudinem peccati sequentis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2363 consurgat tantus reatus quantus fuerat peccatorum prius dimissorum.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2364 Quia secundum magnitudinem peccati est magnitudo beneficii quo
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2365 peccatum remittitur; et per consequens magnitudo ingratitudinis qua
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2366 hoc beneficium contemnitur. Sed secundum quantitatem ingratitudinis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2367 est quantitas reatus consequentis. Ergo tantus reatus surgit ex
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2368 ingratitudine sequentis peccati quantus fuit reatus omnium
53
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diff changeset
2369 praecedentium peccatorum.</p><p title="III q. 88 a. 3 arg. 2"><a name="51458"><span class="ref">[51458] IIIª q. 88 a. 3 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2370 magis peccat qui offendit Deum quam qui offendit hominem. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2371 servus manumissus ab aliquo domino reducitur in eandem servitutem a
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2372 qua prius fuerat liberatus, vel etiam in graviorem. Ergo multo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2373 magis ille qui contra Deum peccat post liberationem a peccato,
53
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parents: 28
diff changeset
2374 reducitur in tantum reatum poenae quantum primo habuerat.</p><p title="III q. 88 a. 3 arg. 3"><a name="51459"><span class="ref">[51459] IIIª q. 88 a. 3 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2375 Matth. XVIII dicitur quod iratus dominus tradidit eum, cui
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2376 replicantur peccata dimissa propter ingratitudinem, tortoribus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2377 quoadusque redderet universum debitum. Sed hoc non esset nisi
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2378 consurgeret ex ingratitudine tantus reatus quantus fuit omnium
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2379 praeteritorum peccatorum. Ergo aequalis reatus per ingratitudinem
53
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parents: 28
diff changeset
2380 redit.</p><p title="III q. 88 a. 3 s. c."><a name="51460"><span class="ref">[51460] IIIª q. 88 a. 3 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2381 quod dicitur Deuteron. XXV, <i>pro mensura peccati erit et plagarum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2382 modus</i>. Ex quo patet quod ex parvo peccato non consurgit magnus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2383 reatus. Sed quandoque mortale peccatum sequens est multo minus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2384 quolibet peccatorum prius dimissorum. Non ergo ex peccato sequenti
53
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parents: 28
diff changeset
2385 redit tantus reatus quantus fuit peccatorum prius dimissorum.</p><p title="III q. 88 a. 3 co."><a name="51461"><span class="ref">[51461] IIIª q. 88 a. 3 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2386 dicendum quod quidam dixerunt quod ex peccato sequenti, propter
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2387 ingratitudinem, consurgit tantus reatus quantus fuit reatus omnium
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2388 peccatorum prius dimissorum, supra reatum proprium huius peccati.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2389 Sed hoc non est necesse. Quia supra dictum est quod reatus
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2390 praecedentium peccatorum non redit per peccatum sequens inquantum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2391 sequebatur ex actibus praecedentium peccatorum, sed inquantum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2392 consequitur actum sequentis peccati. Et ita oportet quod quantitas
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2393 reatus redeuntis sit secundum gravitatem peccati subsequentis.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2394 Potest autem contingere quod gravitas peccati subsequentis adaequat
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2395 gravitatem omnium praecedentium peccatorum, sed hoc non semper est
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2396 necesse, sive loquamur de gravitate eius quam habet ex sua specie,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2397 cum quandoque peccatum sequens sit simplex fornicatio, peccata vero
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2398 praeterita fuerunt homicidia vel adulteria seu sacrilegia; sive
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2399 etiam loquamur de gravitate quam habet ex ingratitudine annexa. Non
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2400 enim oportet quod quantitas ingratitudinis sit absolute aequalis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2401 quantitati beneficii suscepti, cuius quantitas attenditur secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2402 quantitatem peccatorum prius dimissorum. Contingit enim quod contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2403 idem beneficium unus est multum ingratus, vel secundum intensionem
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2404 contemptus beneficii, vel secundum gravitatem culpae contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2405 benefactorem commissae; alius autem parum, vel quia minus
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2406 contemnit, vel quia minus contra benefactorem agit. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2407 proportionaliter quantitas ingratitudinis adaequatur quantitati
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2408 beneficii, supposito enim aequali contemptu beneficii, vel offensa
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2409 benefactoris, tanto erit gravior ingratitudo quanto beneficium fuit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2410 maius. Unde manifestum est quod non est necesse quod propter
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2411 ingratitudinem semper per peccatum sequens redeat tantus reatus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2412 quantus fuit praecedentium peccatorum, sed necesse est quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2413 proportionaliter, quanto peccata prius dimissa fuerunt plura et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2414 maiora, tanto redeat maior reatus per qualecumque sequens peccatum
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
2415 mortale.</p><p title="III q. 88 a. 3 ad 1"><a name="51462"><span class="ref">[51462] IIIª q. 88 a. 3 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2416 dicendum quod beneficium remissionis culpae recipit quantitatem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2417 absolutam secundum quantitatem peccatorum dimissorum. Sed peccatum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2418 ingratitudinis non recipit quantitatem absolutam secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2419 quantitatem beneficii, sed secundum quantitatem contemptus vel
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2420 offensae, ut dictum est. Et ideo ratio non sequitur.</p><p title="III q. 88 a. 3 ad 2"><a name="51463"><span class="ref">[51463] IIIª q. 88 a. 3 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2421 dicendum quod servus manumissus non reducitur in pristinam
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
2422 servitutem pro qualicumque ingratitudine, sed pro aliqua gravi.</p><p title="III q. 88 a. 3 ad 3"><a name="51464"><span class="ref">[51464] IIIª q. 88 a. 3 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2423 dicendum quod illi cui peccata dimissa replicantur propter
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2424 subsequentem ingratitudinem, redit universum debitum, inquantum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2425 quantitas peccatorum praecedentium proportionaliter invenitur in
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2426 ingratitudine subsequenti, non autem absolute, ut dictum est.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 4</h3><p title="III q. 88 a. 4 arg. 1"><a name="51465"><span class="ref">[51465] IIIª q. 88 a. 4 arg. 1</span></a> Ad quartum sic
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2427 proceditur. Videtur quod ingratitudo ratione cuius sequens peccatum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2428 facit redire peccata prius dimissa, sit speciale peccatum.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2429 Retributio enim gratiarum pertinet ad contrapassum, quod requiritur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2430 in iustitia, ut patet per philosophum, in V Ethic. Sed iustitia est
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
2431 specialis virtus. Ergo ingratitudo est speciale peccatum.</p><p title="III q. 88 a. 4 arg. 2"><a name="51466"><span class="ref">[51466] IIIª q. 88 a. 4 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2432 Tullius, in II Rhetoric., ponit quod gratia est specialis virtus.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2433 Sed ingratitudo opponitur gratiae. Ergo ingratitudo est speciale
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
2434 peccatum.</p><p title="III q. 88 a. 4 arg. 3"><a name="51467"><span class="ref">[51467] IIIª q. 88 a. 4 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2435 specialis effectus a speciali causa procedit. Sed ingratitudo habet
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2436 specialem effectum, scilicet quod facit aliqualiter redire peccata
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2437 prius dimissa. Ergo ingratitudo est speciale peccatum.</p><p title="III q. 88 a. 4 s. c."><a name="51468"><span class="ref">[51468] IIIª q. 88 a. 4 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est.
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2438 Id quod sequitur omnia peccata, non est speciale peccatum. Sed per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2439 quodcumque peccatum mortale aliquis efficitur Deo ingratus, ut ex
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2440 praemissis patet. Ergo ingratitudo non est speciale peccatum.</p><p title="III q. 88 a. 4 co."><a name="51469"><span class="ref">[51469] IIIª q. 88 a. 4 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2441 dicendum quod ingratitudo peccantis quandoque est speciale
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2442 peccatum; quandoque non, sed est circumstantia generaliter
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2443 consequens omne peccatum mortale quod contra Deum committitur.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2444 Peccatum enim speciem recipit ex intentione peccantis, unde, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2445 philosophus dicit, in V Ethic., <i>ille qui moechatur ut furetur,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2446 magis est fur quam moechus</i>. Si igitur aliquis peccator in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2447 contemptum Dei et suscepti beneficii aliquod peccatum committit,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2448 illud peccatum trahitur ad speciem ingratitudinis, et haec
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2449 ingratitudo peccantis est speciale peccatum. Si vero aliquis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2450 intendens aliquod peccatum committere, puta homicidium aut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2451 adulterium, non retrahatur ab hoc propter hoc quod pertinet ad Dei
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2452 contemptum, ingratitudo non erit speciale peccatum, sed traheretur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2453 ad speciem alterius peccati sicut circumstantia quaedam. Ut autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2454 Augustinus dicit, in libro de natura et gratia, non omne peccatum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2455 est ex contemptu, et tamen in omni peccato Deus contemnitur in suis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2456 praeceptis. Unde manifestum est quod ingratitudo peccantis
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2457 quandoque est speciale peccatum, sed non semper.</p><p title="III q. 88 a. 4 ad 1"><a name="51470"><span class="ref">[51470] IIIª q. 88 a. 4 ad 1</span></a> Et per hoc patet
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2458 responsio ad obiecta. Nam primae rationes concludunt quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2459 ingratitudo secundum se sit quaedam species peccati. Ultima autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2460 ratio concludit quod ingratitudo secundum quod invenitur in omni
59
03759e5c1080 fix multi-para s.c.
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diff changeset
2461 peccato, non sit speciale peccatum.</p></div></div><div id="q89" class="q"><h2>Quaestio 89</h2><div class="p"><h3>Prooemium</h3><p title="III q. 89 pr."><a name="51471"><span class="ref">[51471]
53
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diff changeset
2462 IIIª q. 89 pr.</span></a> Deinde considerandum est de
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2463 recuperatione virtutum per poenitentiam. Et circa hoc quaeruntur
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2464 sex. Primo, utrum per poenitentiam restituantur virtutes. Secundo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2465 utrum restituantur in aequali quantitate. Tertio, utrum restituatur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2466 poenitenti aequalis dignitas. Quarto, utrum opera virtutum per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2467 peccatum mortificentur. Quinto, utrum opera mortificata per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2468 peccatum per poenitentiam reviviscant. Sexto, utrum opera mortua,
53
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diff changeset
2469 idest absque caritate facta, per poenitentiam vivificentur.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 1</h3><p title="III q. 89 a. 1 arg. 1"><a name="51472"><span class="ref">[51472] IIIª q. 89 a. 1 arg. 1</span></a> Ad primum sic
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2470 proceditur. Videtur quod per poenitentiam virtutes non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2471 restituantur. Non enim possent virtutes amissae per poenitentiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2472 restitui nisi poenitentia virtutes causaret. Sed poenitentia, cum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2473 sit virtus, non potest esse causa omnium virtutum, praesertim cum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2474 quaedam virtutes sint naturaliter priores poenitentia, ut supra
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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diff changeset
2475 dictum est. Ergo per poenitentiam non restituuntur.</p><p title="III q. 89 a. 1 arg. 2"><a name="51473"><span class="ref">[51473] IIIª q. 89 a. 1 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2476 poenitentia in quibusdam actibus poenitentis consistit. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2477 virtutes gratuitae non causantur ex actibus nostris, dicit enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2478 Augustinus, in libro de Lib. Arbit., quod virtutes Deus in nobis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2479 sine nobis operatur. Ergo videtur quod per poenitentiam non
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
2480 restituantur virtutes.</p><p title="III q. 89 a. 1 arg. 3"><a name="51474"><span class="ref">[51474] IIIª q. 89 a. 1 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2481 habens virtutem sine difficultate et delectabiliter actus virtutum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2482 operatur, unde philosophus dicit, in I Ethic., quod <i>non est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2483 iustus qui non gaudet iusta operatione</i>. Sed multi poenitentes
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2484 adhuc difficultatem patiuntur in operando actus virtutum. Non ergo
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
2485 per poenitentiam restituuntur virtutes.</p><p title="III q. 89 a. 1 s. c."><a name="51475"><span class="ref">[51475] IIIª q. 89 a. 1 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2486 quod, Luc. XV, pater mandavit quod filius poenitens indueretur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2487 stola prima, quae, secundum Ambrosium, est amictus sapientiae, quam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2488 simul consequuntur omnes virtutes, secundum illud Sap. VIII,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2489 <i>sobrietatem et iustitiam docet, prudentiam et virtutem, quibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2490 in vita nihil est utilius hominibus</i>. Ergo per poenitentiam
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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diff changeset
2491 omnes virtutes restituuntur.</p><p title="III q. 89 a. 1 co."><a name="51476"><span class="ref">[51476] IIIª q. 89 a. 1 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2492 dicendum quod per poenitentiam, sicut dictum est supra, remittuntur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2493 peccata. Remissio autem peccatorum non potest esse nisi per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2494 infusionem gratiae. Unde relinquitur quod per poenitentiam gratia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2495 homini infundatur. Ex gratia autem consequuntur omnes virtutes
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2496 gratuitae, sicut ex essentia animae fluunt omnes potentiae, ut in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2497 secunda parte habitum est. Unde relinquitur quod per poenitentiam
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
2498 omnes virtutes restituantur.</p><p title="III q. 89 a. 1 ad 1"><a name="51477"><span class="ref">[51477] IIIª q. 89 a. 1 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2499 dicendum quod eodem modo poenitentia restituit virtutes per quem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2500 modum est causa gratiae, ut iam dictum est. Est autem causa gratiae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2501 inquantum est sacramentum, nam inquantum est virtus, est magis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2502 gratiae effectus. Et ideo non oportet quod poenitentia, secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2503 quod est virtus, sit causa omnium aliarum virtutum, sed quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2504 habitus poenitentiae simul cum habitibus aliarum virtutum per
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2505 sacramentum causetur.</p><p title="III q. 89 a. 1 ad 2"><a name="51478"><span class="ref">[51478] IIIª q. 89 a. 1 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2506 dicendum quod in sacramento poenitentiae actus humani se habent
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2507 materialiter, sed formalis vis huius sacramenti dependet ex virtute
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2508 clavium. Et ideo virtus clavium effective causat gratiam et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2509 virtutes, instrumentaliter tamen. Sed actus primus poenitentis se
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2510 habet ut ultima dispositio ad gratiam consequendam, scilicet
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2511 contritio, alii vero sequentes actus poenitentiae procedunt iam ex
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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diff changeset
2512 gratia et virtutibus.</p><p title="III q. 89 a. 1 ad 3"><a name="51479"><span class="ref">[51479] IIIª q. 89 a. 1 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2513 dicendum quod, sicut supra dictum est, quandoque post primum actum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2514 poenitentiae, qui est contritio, remanent quaedam reliquiae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2515 peccatorum, scilicet dispositiones ex prioribus actibus peccatorum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2516 causatae, ex quibus praestatur difficultas quaedam poenitenti ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2517 operandum opera virtutum, sed quantum est ex ipsa inclinatione
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2518 caritatis et aliarum virtutum, poenitens opera virtutum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2519 delectabiliter et sine difficultate operatur; sicut si virtuosus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2520 per accidens difficultatem pateretur in executione actus virtutis
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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diff changeset
2521 propter somnum aut aliquam corporis dispositionem.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 2</h3><p title="III q. 89 a. 2 arg. 1"><a name="51480"><span class="ref">[51480] IIIª q. 89 a. 2 arg. 1</span></a> Ad secundum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2522 sic proceditur. Videtur quod post poenitentiam resurgat homo in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2523 aequali virtute. Dicit enim apostolus, Rom. VIII, <i>diligentibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2524 Deum omnia cooperantur in bonum</i>, ubi dicit Glossa Augustini
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2525 quod hoc adeo verum est <i>ut, si qui horum devient et exorbitent,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2526 hoc ipsum Deus faciat eis in bonum proficere</i>. Sed hoc non esset
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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diff changeset
2527 si homo resurgeret in minori virtute.</p><p title="III q. 89 a. 2 arg. 2"><a name="51481"><span class="ref">[51481] IIIª q. 89 a. 2 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2528 Ambrosius dicit quod <i>poenitentia optima res est, quae omnes
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2529 defectus revocat ad perfectum</i>. Sed hoc non esset nisi virtutes
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2530 in aequali quantitate recuperarentur. Ergo per poenitentiam semper
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2531 recuperatur aequalis virtus.</p><p title="III q. 89 a. 2 arg. 3"><a name="51482"><span class="ref">[51482] IIIª q. 89 a. 2 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2532 super illud Genes. I, <i>factum est vespere et mane dies unus</i>,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2533 dicit Glossa, <i>vespertina lux est a qua quis cecidit, matutina in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2534 qua resurgit</i>. Sed lux matutina est maior quam vespertina. Ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2535 aliquis resurgit in maiori gratia vel caritate quam prius habuerat.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2536 Quod etiam videtur per id quod apostolus dicit, Rom. V, <i>ubi
53
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diff changeset
2537 abundavit delictum, superabundavit et gratia</i>.</p><p title="III q. 89 a. 2 s. c."><a name="51483"><span class="ref">[51483] IIIª q. 89 a. 2 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2538 caritas proficiens vel perfecta maior est quam caritas incipiens.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2539 Sed quandoque aliquis cadit a caritate proficiente, resurgit autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2540 in caritate incipiente. Ergo semper resurgit homo in minori etiam
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2541 virtute.</p><p title="III q. 89 a. 2 co."><a name="51484"><span class="ref">[51484] IIIª q. 89 a. 2 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2542 dicendum quod, sicut dictum est, motus liberi arbitrii qui est in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2543 iustificatione impii, est ultima dispositio ad gratiam, unde in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2544 eodem instanti est gratiae infusio cum praedicto motu liberi
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2545 arbitrii, ut in secunda parte habitum est. In quo quidem motu
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2546 comprehenditur actus poenitentiae, ut supra dictum est. Manifestum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2547 est autem quod formae quae possunt recipere magis et minus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2548 intenduntur et remittuntur secundum diversam dispositionem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2549 subiecti, ut in secunda parte habitum est. Et inde est quod,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2550 secundum quod motus liberi arbitrii in poenitentia est intensior
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2551 vel remissior, secundum hoc poenitens consequitur maiorem vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2552 minorem gratiam. Contingit autem intensionem motus poenitentis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2553 quandoque proportionatam esse maiori gratiae quam illa a qua
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2554 cecidit per peccatum; quandoque vero aequali; quandoque vero
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2555 minori. Et ideo poenitens quandoque resurgit in maiori gratia quam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2556 prius habuerat; quandoque autem in aequali; quandoque etiam in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2557 minori. Et eadem ratio est de virtutibus, quae ex gratia
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2558 consequuntur.</p><p title="III q. 89 a. 2 ad 1"><a name="51485"><span class="ref">[51485] IIIª q. 89 a. 2 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2559 dicendum quod non omnibus diligentibus Deum cooperatur in bonum hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2560 ipsum quod per peccatum a Dei amore cadunt, quod patet in his qui
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2561 cadunt et nunquam resurgunt, vel qui resurgunt iterum casuri, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2562 in <i>his qui secundum propositum vocati sunt sancti</i>, scilicet
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2563 praedestinatis, qui, quotiescumque cadunt, finaliter tamen
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2564 resurgunt. Cedit igitur eis in bonum hoc quod cadunt, non quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2565 semper in maiori gratia resurgant, sed quia resurgunt in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2566 permanentiori gratia, non quidem ex parte ipsius gratiae, quia,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2567 quanto gratia est maior, tanto de se est permanentior; sed ex parte
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2568 hominis, qui tanto stabilius in gratia permanet quanto est cautior
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2569 et humilior. Unde et Glossa ibidem subdit quod ideo proficit eis in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2570 bonum quod cadunt, quia humiliores redeunt, et quia doctiores
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2571 fiunt.</p><p title="III q. 89 a. 2 ad 2"><a name="51486"><span class="ref">[51486] IIIª q. 89 a. 2 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2572 dicendum quod poenitentia, quantum est de se, habet virtutem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2573 reparandi omnes defectus ad perfectum, et etiam promovendi in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2574 ulteriorem statum, sed hoc quandoque impeditur ex parte hominis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2575 qui remissius movetur in Deum et in detestationem peccati. Sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2576 etiam in Baptismo aliqui adulti consequuntur maiorem vel minorem
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2577 gratiam, secundum quod diversimode se disponunt.</p><p title="III q. 89 a. 2 ad 3"><a name="51487"><span class="ref">[51487] IIIª q. 89 a. 2 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2578 dicendum quod illa assimilatio utriusque gratiae ad lucem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2579 vespertinam et matutinam fit propter similitudinem ordinis, quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2580 post lucem vespertinam sequuntur tenebrae noctis, post lucem autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2581 matutinam sequitur lux diei, non autem propter maiorem vel minorem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2582 similitudinem quantitatis. Illud etiam verbum apostoli intelligitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2583 de gratia, quae exsuperat omnem abundantiam humanorum peccatorum.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2584 Non autem hoc est verum in omnibus, quod quanto abundantius
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2585 peccavit, tanto abundantiorem gratiam consequatur, pensata
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2586 quantitate habitualis gratiae. Est tamen superabundans gratia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2587 quantum ad ipsam gratiae rationem, quia magis gratis beneficium
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2588 remissionis magis peccatori confertur. Quamvis quandoque abundanter
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2589 peccantes abundanter dolent, et sic abundantiorem habitum gratiae
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2590 et virtutum consequuntur, sicut patet in Magdalena.</p><p title="III q. 89 a. 2 ad 4"><a name="51488"><span class="ref">[51488] IIIª q. 89 a. 2 ad 4</span></a> Ad id vero quod
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2591 in contrarium obiicitur, dicendum quod una et eadem gratia maior
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2592 est proficiens quam incipiens, sed in diversis hoc non est necesse.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2593 Unus enim incipit a maiori gratia quam alius habeat in statu
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2594 profectus, sicut Gregorius dicit, in II Dialog., <i>praesentes et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2595 secuturi omnes cognoscant, Benedictus puer a quanta perfectione
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
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diff changeset
2596 conversionis gratiam incoepisset</i>.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 3</h3><p title="III q. 89 a. 3 arg. 1"><a name="51489"><span class="ref">[51489] IIIª q. 89 a. 3 arg. 1</span></a> Ad tertium sic
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2597 proceditur. Videtur quod per poenitentiam non restituatur homo in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2598 pristinam dignitatem. Quia super illud Amos V, <i>virgo Israel
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2599 cecidit</i>, dicit Glossa, <i>non negat ut resurgat, sed ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2600 resurgere virgo possit, quia semel oberrans ovis, etsi reportetur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2601 in humeris pastoris, non habet tantam gloriam quantam quae nunquam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2602 erravit</i>. Ergo per poenitentiam non recuperat homo pristinam
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
2603 dignitatem.</p><p title="III q. 89 a. 3 arg. 2"><a name="51490"><span class="ref">[51490] IIIª q. 89 a. 3 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2604 Hieronymus dicit, <i>quicumque dignitatem divini gradus non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2605 custodiunt, contenti fiant animam salvare, reverti enim in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2606 pristinum gradum difficile est</i>. Et Innocentius Papa dicit quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2607 <i>apud Nicaeam constituti canones poenitentes etiam ab infimis
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diff changeset
2608 clericorum officiis excludunt</i>. Non ergo per poenitentiam homo
53
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diff changeset
2609 recuperat pristinam dignitatem.</p><p title="III q. 89 a. 3 arg. 3"><a name="51491"><span class="ref">[51491] IIIª q. 89 a. 3 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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diff changeset
2610 ante peccatum potest aliquis ad maiorem gradum ascendere. Non autem
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diff changeset
2611 hoc post peccatum conceditur poenitenti, dicitur enim Ezech. XLIV,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2612 <i>Levitae qui recesserunt a me, nunquam appropinquabunt mihi, ut
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2613 sacerdotio fungantur</i>. Et, sicut habetur in decretis, dist. l,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2614 in Hilerdensi Concilio legitur, <i>hi qui sancto altario
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2615 deserviunt, si subito flenda debilitate carnis corruerint, et,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2616 domino respiciente, poenituerint, officiorum suorum loca recipiant,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2617 nec possint ad altiora officia ulterius promoveri</i>. Non ergo
53
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diff changeset
2618 poenitentia restituit hominem in pristinam dignitatem.</p><p title="III q. 89 a. 3 s. c."><a name="51492"><span class="ref">[51492] IIIª q. 89 a. 3 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28
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diff changeset
2619 quod, sicut in eadem distinctione legitur, Gregorius, scribens
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2620 Secundino, dixit, <i>post dignam satisfactionem, credimus hominem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2621 posse redire ad suum honorem</i>. Et in Concilio Agathensi legitur,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2622 <i>contumaces clerici, prout dignitatis ordo permiserit, ab
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2623 episcopis corrigantur, ita ut, cum eos poenitentia correxerit,
53
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diff changeset
2624 gradum suum dignitatemque recipiant</i>.</p><p title="III q. 89 a. 3 co."><a name="51493"><span class="ref">[51493] IIIª q. 89 a. 3 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2625 dicendum quod homo per peccatum duplicem dignitatem amittit, unam
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2626 quantum ad Deum, aliam vero quantum ad Ecclesiam. Quantum autem ad
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2627 Deum, amittit duplicem dignitatem. Unam principalem, qua scilicet
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2628 computatus erat inter filios Dei per gratiam. Et hanc dignitatem
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2629 recuperat per poenitentiam. Quod significatur Luc. XV de filio
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2630 prodigo, cui pater poenitenti iussit restitui stolam primam et
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2631 anulum et calceamenta. Aliam vero dignitatem amittit secundariam,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2632 scilicet innocentiam, de qua, sicut ibidem legitur, gloriabatur
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2633 filius senior, dicens, <i>ecce, tot annis servio tibi, et nunquam
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2634 mandatum tuum praeterivi</i>. Et hanc dignitatem poenitens
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2635 recuperare non potest. Recuperat tamen quandoque aliquid maius.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2636 Quia, ut Gregorius dicit, in homilia de centum ovibus, <i>qui
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2637 errasse a Deo se considerant, damna praecedentia lucris sequentibus
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2638 recompensant. Maius ergo gaudium de eis fit in caelo, quia et dux
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2639 in praelio plus eum militem diligit qui post fugam reversus hostem
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2640 fortiter premit, quam illum qui nunquam terga praebuit et nunquam
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2641 aliquid fortiter fecit</i>. Dignitatem autem ecclesiasticam homo
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2642 per peccatum perdit, qui indignum se reddit ad ea quae competunt
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2643 dignitati ecclesiasticae exercenda. Quam quidem recuperare
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2644 prohibentur, uno modo, quia non poenitent. Unde Isidorus ad
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2645 Misianum episcopum scribit, sicut in eadem distinctione legitur,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2646 cap. domino, <i>illos ad pristinos gradus canones redire
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2647 praecipiunt quos poenitentiae praecessit satisfactio, vel condigna
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2648 peccatorum confessio. At contra hi qui a vitio corruptionis non
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2649 emendantur, nec gradum honoris, nec gratiam recipiunt
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2650 communionis</i>. Secundo, quia poenitentiam negligenter agunt. Unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2651 in eadem distinctione, cap. si quis diaconus, dicitur, <i>cum in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2652 aliquibus nec compunctio humilitatis, nec instantia orandi
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2653 appareat, nec ieiuniis vel lectionibus eos vacare videamus,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2654 possumus agnoscere, si ad pristinos honores redirent, cum quanta
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2655 negligentia permanerent</i>. Tertio, si commisit aliquod peccatum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2656 habens irregularitatem aliquam admixtam. Unde in eadem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2657 distinctione, ex Concilio Martini Papae, dicitur, <i>si quis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2658 viduam, vel ab alio relictam duxerit, non admittatur ad clerum.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2659 Quod si irrepserit, deiiciatur. Similiter si homicidii aut facto
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2660 aut praecepto aut consilio aut defensione, post Baptismum, conscius
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2661 fuerit</i>. Sed hoc non est ratione peccati, sed ratione
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2662 irregularitatis. Quarto, propter scandalum. Unde in eadem
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2663 distinctione legitur, cap. de his vero, <i>Rabanus dicit, hi qui
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2664 deprehensi vel capti fuerint publice in periurio, furto aut
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2665 fornicatione, et ceteris criminibus, secundum canonum sacrorum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2666 instituta a proprio gradu decidant, quia scandalum est populo Dei
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2667 tales personas superpositas habere. Qui autem de praedictis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2668 peccatis absconse a se commissis sacerdoti confitentur, si se per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2669 ieiunia et eleemosynas vigiliasque et sacras orationes purgaverint,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2670 his etiam, gradu proprio servato, spes veniae de misericordia Dei
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2671 promittenda est</i>. Et hoc etiam dicitur extra, de qualitate
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2672 Ordinand., cap. quaesitum, <i>si crimina ordine iudiciario
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2673 comprobata, vel alias notoria non fuerint, praeter reos homicidii,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2674 post poenitentiam in susceptis vel iam suscipiendis ordinibus
53
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diff changeset
2675 impedire non possunt</i>.</p><p title="III q. 89 a. 3 ad 1"><a name="51494"><span class="ref">[51494] IIIª q. 89 a. 3 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2676 dicendum quod eadem ratio est de recuperatione virginitatis et de
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2677 recuperatione innocentiae, quae pertinet ad secundariam dignitatem
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
2678 quoad Deum.</p><p title="III q. 89 a. 3 ad 2"><a name="51495"><span class="ref">[51495] IIIª q. 89 a. 3 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2679 dicendum quod Hieronymus in verbis illis non dicit esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2680 impossibile, sed dicit esse difficile hominem recuperare post
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2681 peccatum pristinum gradum, quia hoc non conceditur nisi perfecte
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2682 poenitenti, ut dictum est. Ad statuta autem canonum qui hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2683 prohibere videntur, respondet Augustinus, Bonifacio scribens, <i>ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2684 constitueretur in Ecclesia ne quisquam post alicuius criminis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2685 poenitentiam clericatum accipiat, vel ad clericatum redeat, vel in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2686 clericatu maneat, non desperatione indulgentiae, sed rigore factum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2687 est disciplinae. Alioquin contra claves datas Ecclesiae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2688 disputabitur, de quibus dictum est, quaecumque solveritis super
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2689 terram, erunt soluta et in caelo</i>. Et postea subdit, <i>nam et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2690 sanctus David de criminibus egit poenitentiam, et tamen in honore
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2691 suo perstitit. Et beatum Petrum, quando amarissimas lacrimas fudit,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2692 utique dominum negasse poenituit, et tamen apostolus permansit. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2693 non ideo putanda est supervacua posteriorum diligentia, qui, ubi
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2694 saluti nihil detrahebatur, humilitati aliquid addiderunt, experti,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2695 ut credo, aliquorum fictas poenitentias per affectatas honorum
53
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ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2696 potentias</i>.</p><p title="III q. 89 a. 3 ad 3"><a name="51496"><span class="ref">[51496] IIIª q. 89 a. 3 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2697 dicendum quod illud statutum intelligitur de illis qui publicam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2698 poenitentiam agunt, qui postmodum non possunt ad maiorem provehi
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2699 gradum. Nam et Petrus post negationem pastor ovium Christi
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2700 constitutus est, ut patet Ioan. ult. Ubi dicit Chrysostomus quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2701 <i>Petrus post negationem et poenitentiam ostendit se habere
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2702 maiorem fiduciam ad Christum. Qui enim in cena non audebat
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2703 interrogare, sed Ioanni interrogationem commisit, huic postea et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2704 praepositura fratrum credita est, et non solum non committit alteri
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2705 interrogare quae ad ipsum pertinent, sed de reliquo ipse pro Ioanne
53
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parents: 28
diff changeset
2706 magistrum interrogat</i>.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 4</h3><p title="III q. 89 a. 4 arg. 1"><a name="51497"><span class="ref">[51497] IIIª q. 89 a. 4 arg. 1</span></a> Ad quartum sic
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2707 proceditur. Videtur quod opera virtutum in caritate facta
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2708 mortificari non possunt. Quod enim non est, immutari non potest.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2709 Sed mortificatio est quaedam mutatio de vita in mortem. Cum ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2710 opera virtutum, postquam facta sunt, iam non sint, videtur quod
53
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parents: 28
diff changeset
2711 ulterius mortificari non possunt.</p><p title="III q. 89 a. 4 arg. 2"><a name="51498"><span class="ref">[51498] IIIª q. 89 a. 4 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea, per
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2712 opera virtutis in caritate facta homo meretur vitam aeternam. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2713 subtrahere mercedem merenti est iniustitia, quae non cadit in Deum.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2714 Ergo non potest esse quod opera virtutum in caritate facta per
53
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diff changeset
2715 peccatum sequens mortificentur.</p><p title="III q. 89 a. 4 arg. 3"><a name="51499"><span class="ref">[51499] IIIª q. 89 a. 4 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2716 fortius non corrumpitur a debiliori. Sed opera caritatis sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2717 fortiora quibuslibet peccatis, quia, ut dicitur Proverb. X,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2718 <i>universa delicta operit caritas</i>. Ergo videtur quod opera in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2719 caritate facta per sequens mortale peccatum mortificari non
53
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ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2720 possunt.</p><p title="III q. 89 a. 4 s. c."><a name="51500"><span class="ref">[51500] IIIª q. 89 a. 4 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2721 quod dicitur Ezech. XVIII, <i>si averterit se iustus a iustitia
53
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parents: 28
diff changeset
2722 sua, omnes iustitiae eius quas fecerat, non recordabuntur</i>.</p><p title="III q. 89 a. 4 co."><a name="51501"><span class="ref">[51501] IIIª q. 89 a. 4 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2723 dicendum quod res viva per mortem perdit operationem vitae, unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2724 per quandam similitudinem dicuntur res mortificari quando
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2725 impediuntur a proprio suo effectu vel operatione. Effectus autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2726 operum virtuosorum quae in caritate fiunt, est perducere ad vitam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2727 aeternam. Quod quidem impeditur per peccatum mortale sequens, quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2728 gratiam tollit. Et secundum hoc, opera in caritate facta dicuntur
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2729 mortificari per sequens peccatum mortale.</p><p title="III q. 89 a. 4 ad 1"><a name="51502"><span class="ref">[51502] IIIª q. 89 a. 4 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2730 dicendum quod, sicut opera peccatorum transeunt actu et manent
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2731 reatu, ita opera in caritate facta, postquam transeunt actu, manent
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2732 merito in Dei acceptatione. Et secundum hoc mortificantur,
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
2733 inquantum impeditur homo ne consequatur suam mercedem.</p><p title="III q. 89 a. 4 ad 2"><a name="51503"><span class="ref">[51503] IIIª q. 89 a. 4 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2734 dicendum quod sine iniustitia potest subtrahi merces merenti quando
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2735 ipse reddiderit se indignum mercede per culpam sequentem. Nam et ea
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
2736 quae homo iam accepit, quandoque iuste propter culpam perdit.</p><p title="III q. 89 a. 4 ad 3"><a name="51504"><span class="ref">[51504] IIIª q. 89 a. 4 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2737 dicendum quod non est propter fortitudinem operum peccati quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2738 mortificantur opera prius in caritate facta, sed est propter
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2739 libertatem voluntatis, quae potest a bono in malum deflecti.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 5</h3><p title="III q. 89 a. 5 arg. 1"><a name="51505"><span class="ref">[51505] IIIª q. 89 a. 5 arg. 1</span></a> Ad quintum sic
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2740 proceditur. Videtur quod opera mortificata per peccatum per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2741 poenitentiam non reviviscant. Sicut enim per poenitentiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2742 subsequentem remittuntur peccata praeterita, ita etiam per peccatum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2743 sequens mortificantur opera prius in caritate facta. Sed peccata
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2744 dimissa per poenitentiam non redeunt, ut supra dictum est. Ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2745 videtur quod etiam opera mortificata per caritatem non
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2746 reviviscant.</p><p title="III q. 89 a. 5 arg. 2"><a name="51506"><span class="ref">[51506] IIIª q. 89 a. 5 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2747 opera dicuntur mortificari ad similitudinem animalium quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2748 moriuntur, ut dictum est. Sed animal mortuum non potest iterum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2749 vivificari. Ergo nec opera mortificata possunt iterum per
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2750 poenitentiam reviviscere.</p><p title="III q. 89 a. 5 arg. 3"><a name="51507"><span class="ref">[51507] IIIª q. 89 a. 5 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2751 opera in caritate facta merentur gloriam secundum quantitatem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2752 gratiae vel caritatis. Sed quandoque per poenitentiam homo resurgit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2753 in minori gratia vel caritate. Ergo non consequetur gloriam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2754 secundum merita priorum operum. Et ita videtur quod opera
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2755 mortificata per peccatum non reviviscant.</p><p title="III q. 89 a. 5 s. c."><a name="51508"><span class="ref">[51508] IIIª q. 89 a. 5 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2756 quod, super illud Ioel II, <i>reddam vobis annos quos comedit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2757 locusta</i>, dicit Glossa, <i>non patiar perire ubertatem quam cum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2758 perturbatione animi amisistis</i>. Sed illa ubertas est meritum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2759 bonorum operum, quod fuit perditum per peccatum. Ergo per
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2760 poenitentiam reviviscunt opera meritoria prius facta.</p><p title="III q. 89 a. 5 co."><a name="51509"><span class="ref">[51509] IIIª q. 89 a. 5 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2761 dicendum quod quidam dixerunt quod opera meritoria per peccatum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2762 sequens mortificata non reviviscunt per poenitentiam sequentem,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2763 considerantes quod opera illa non remanent, ut iterum vivificari
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2764 possent. Sed hoc impedire non potest quin vivificentur. Non enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2765 habent vim perducendi in vitam aeternam, quod pertinet ad eorum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2766 vitam, solum secundum quod actu existunt, sed etiam postquam actu
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2767 esse desinunt secundum quod remanent in acceptatione divina. Sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2768 autem remanent, quantum est de se, etiam postquam per peccatum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2769 mortificantur, quia semper Deus illa opera, prout facta fuerunt,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2770 acceptabit, et sancti de eis gaudebunt, secundum illud Apoc. III,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2771 <i>tene quod habes, ne alius accipiat coronam tuam</i>. Sed quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2772 isti qui ea fecit non sint efficacia ad ducendum ad vitam aeternam,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2773 provenit ex impedimento peccati supervenientis, per quod ipse
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2774 redditur indignus vita aeterna. Hoc autem impedimentum tollitur per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2775 poenitentiam, inquantum per eam remittuntur peccata. Unde restat
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2776 quod opera prius mortificata per poenitentiam recuperant efficaciam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2777 perducendi eum qui fecit ea in vitam aeternam, quod est ea
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2778 reviviscere. Et ita patet quod opera mortificata per poenitentiam
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
2779 reviviscunt.</p><p title="III q. 89 a. 5 ad 1"><a name="51510"><span class="ref">[51510] IIIª q. 89 a. 5 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2780 dicendum quod opera peccati per poenitentiam abolentur secundum se,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2781 ita scilicet quod ex eis ulterius, Deo indulgente, nec macula nec
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2782 reatus inducitur. Sed opera ex caritate facta non abolentur a Deo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2783 in cuius acceptatione remanent, sed impedimentum accipiunt ex parte
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2784 hominis operantis. Et ideo, remoto impedimento quod est ex parte
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2785 hominis, Deus implet ex parte sua illud quod opera merebantur.</p><p title="III q. 89 a. 5 ad 2"><a name="51511"><span class="ref">[51511] IIIª q. 89 a. 5 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2786 dicendum quod opera in caritate facta non mortificantur secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2787 se, sicut dictum est, sed solum per impedimentum superveniens ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2788 parte operantis. Animalia autem moriuntur secundum se, inquantum
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2789 privantur principio vitae. Et ideo non est simile.</p><p title="III q. 89 a. 5 ad 3"><a name="51512"><span class="ref">[51512] IIIª q. 89 a. 5 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2790 dicendum quod ille qui per poenitentiam resurgit in minori
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2791 caritate, consequetur quidem praemium essentiale secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2792 quantitatem caritatis in qua invenitur, habebit tamen gaudium maius
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2793 de operibus in prima caritate factis quam de operibus quae in
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2794 secunda fecit. Quod pertinet ad praemium accidentale.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 6</h3><p title="III q. 89 a. 6 arg. 1"><a name="51513"><span class="ref">[51513] IIIª q. 89 a. 6 arg. 1</span></a> Ad sextum sic
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2795 proceditur. Videtur quod per poenitentiam subsequentem etiam opera
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2796 mortua, quae scilicet non sunt in caritate facta, vivificentur.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2797 Difficilius enim videtur quod ad vitam perveniat illud quod fuit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2798 mortificatum, quod nunquam fit secundum naturam, quam illud quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2799 nunquam fuit vivum, vivificetur, quia ex non vivis secundum naturam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2800 viva aliqua generantur. Sed opera mortificata per poenitentiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2801 vivificantur, ut dictum est. Ergo multo magis opera mortua
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2802 vivificantur.</p><p title="III q. 89 a. 6 arg. 2"><a name="51514"><span class="ref">[51514] IIIª q. 89 a. 6 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2803 remota causa, removetur effectus. Sed causa quare opera de genere
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2804 bonorum sine caritate facta non fuerunt viva, fuit defectus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2805 caritatis et gratiae. Sed iste defectus tollitur per poenitentiam.
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2806 Ergo per poenitentiam opera mortua vivificantur.</p><p title="III q. 89 a. 6 arg. 3"><a name="51515"><span class="ref">[51515] IIIª q. 89 a. 6 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2807 Hieronymus dicit, <i>si quando videris inter multa opera peccatorum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2808 facere quemquam aliqua quae iusta sunt, non est tam iniustus Deus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2809 ut propter multa mala obliviscatur paucorum bonorum</i>. Sed hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2810 videtur maxime quando mala praeterita per poenitentiam tolluntur.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2811 Ergo videtur quod post poenitentiam Deus remuneret priora bona in
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2812 statu peccati facta, quod est ea vivificari.</p><p title="III q. 89 a. 6 s. c."><a name="51516"><span class="ref">[51516] IIIª q. 89 a. 6 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2813 quod apostolus dicit, I Cor. XIII, <i>si distribuero in cibos
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2814 pauperum omnes facultates meas, et si tradidero corpus meum ita ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2815 ardeam, caritatem autem non habuero, nihil mihi prodest</i>. Hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2816 autem non esset si saltem per poenitentiam subsequentem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2817 vivificarentur. Non ergo poenitentia vivificat opera prius
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2818 mortua.</p><p title="III q. 89 a. 6 co."><a name="51517"><span class="ref">[51517] IIIª q. 89 a. 6 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2819 dicendum quod opus aliquod dicitur mortuum dupliciter. Uno modo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2820 effective, quia scilicet est causa mortis. Et secundum hoc, opera
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2821 peccati dicuntur opera mortua, secundum illud Heb. IX, <i>sanguis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2822 Christi emundabit conscientias nostras ab operibus mortuis</i>.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2823 Haec igitur opera mortua non vivificantur per poenitentiam, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2824 magis abolentur, secundum illud Heb. VI, <i>non rursus iacientes
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2825 fundamentum poenitentiae ab operibus mortuis</i>. Alio modo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2826 dicuntur opera mortua privative, scilicet quia carent vita
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2827 spirituali, quae est ex caritate, per quam anima Deo coniungitur,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2828 ex quo vivit sicut corpus per animam. Et per hunc modum etiam fides
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2829 quae est sine caritate, dicitur mortua, secundum illud Iac. II,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2830 <i>fides sine operibus mortua est</i>. Et per hunc etiam modum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2831 omnia opera quae sunt bona ex genere, si sine caritate fiant,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2832 dicuntur mortua, inquantum scilicet non procedunt ex principio
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2833 vitae; sicut si dicamus sonum citharae vocem mortuam dare. Sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2834 igitur differentia mortis et vitae in operibus est secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2835 comparationem ad principium a quo procedunt. Opera autem non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2836 possunt iterum a principio procedere, quia transeunt, et iterum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2837 eadem numero assumi non possunt. Unde impossibile est quod opera
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2838 mortua iterum fiant viva per poenitentiam.</p><p title="III q. 89 a. 6 ad 1"><a name="51518"><span class="ref">[51518] IIIª q. 89 a. 6 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2839 dicendum quod in rebus naturalibus tam mortua quam mortificata
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2840 carent principio vitae. Sed opera dicuntur mortificata non ex parte
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2841 principii a quo processerunt, sed ex parte impedimenti extrinseci.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2842 Mortua autem dicuntur ex parte principii. Et ideo non est similis
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2843 ratio.</p><p title="III q. 89 a. 6 ad 2"><a name="51519"><span class="ref">[51519] IIIª q. 89 a. 6 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2844 dicendum quod opera de genere bonorum sine caritate facta dicuntur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2845 mortua propter defectum caritatis et gratiae sicut principii. Hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2846 autem non praestatur eis per poenitentiam subsequentem, ut ex tali
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2847 principio procedant. Unde ratio non sequitur.</p><p title="III q. 89 a. 6 ad 3"><a name="51520"><span class="ref">[51520] IIIª q. 89 a. 6 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2848 dicendum quod Deus recordatur bonorum quae quis facit in statu
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2849 peccati, non ut remuneret ea in vita aeterna, quod debetur solis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2850 operibus vivis, idest ex caritate factis, sed remunerat temporali
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2851 remuneratione. Sicut Gregorius dicit, in homilia de divite et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2852 Lazaro, quod, <i>nisi dives ille aliquod bonum egisset et in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2853 praesenti saeculo remunerationem accepisset, nequaquam ei Abraham
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2854 diceret, recepisti bona in vita tua</i>. Vel hoc etiam potest
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2855 referri ad hoc quod patietur tolerabilius iudicium. Unde dicit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2856 Augustinus, in libro de patientia, <i>non possumus dicere
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2857 schismatico melius fuisse ei ut, Christum negando, nihil eorum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2858 pateretur quae passus est confitendo, ut illud quod ait apostolus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2859 si tradidero corpus meum ita ut ardeam, caritatem autem non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2860 habuero, nihil mihi prodest, intelligatur ad regnum caelorum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2861 obtinendum, non ad extremi iudicii supplicium tolerabilius
59
03759e5c1080 fix multi-para s.c.
ht
parents: 53
diff changeset
2862 subeundum</i>.</p></div></div><div id="q90" class="q"><h2>Quaestio 90</h2><div class="p"><h3>Prooemium</h3><p title="III q. 90 pr."><a name="51521"><span class="ref">[51521]
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2863 IIIª q. 90 pr.</span></a> Deinde considerandum est de partibus
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2864 poenitentiae. Et primo, in generali; secundo, in speciali de
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2865 singulis. Circa primum quaeruntur quatuor. Primo, utrum poenitentia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2866 habeat partes. Secundo, de numero partium. Tertio, quales partes
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2867 sint. Quarto, de divisione eius in partes subiectivas.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 1</h3><p title="III q. 90 a. 1 arg. 1"><a name="51522"><span class="ref">[51522] IIIª q. 90 a. 1 arg. 1</span></a> Ad primum sic
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2868 proceditur. Videtur quod poenitentiae non debent partes assignari.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2869 Sacramenta enim sunt in quibus divina virtus secretius operatur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2870 salutem. Sed virtus divina est una et simplex. Non ergo
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2871 poenitentiae, cum sit sacramentum, debent partes assignari.</p><p title="III q. 90 a. 1 arg. 2"><a name="51523"><span class="ref">[51523] IIIª q. 90 a. 1 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2872 poenitentia est virtus, et est sacramentum. Sed ei inquantum est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2873 virtus, non assignantur partes, cum virtus sit habitus quidam, qui
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2874 est simplex qualitas mentis. Similiter etiam ei poenitentiae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2875 inquantum est sacramentum, non videtur quod partes sint
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2876 assignandae, quia Baptismo et aliis sacramentis non assignantur
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2877 partes. Ergo poenitentiae nullae debent partes assignari.</p><p title="III q. 90 a. 1 arg. 3"><a name="51524"><span class="ref">[51524] IIIª q. 90 a. 1 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2878 poenitentiae materia est peccatum, ut supra dictum est. Sed peccato
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2879 non assignantur partes. Ergo etiam nec poenitentiae sunt partes
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2880 assignandae.</p><p title="III q. 90 a. 1 s. c."><a name="51525"><span class="ref">[51525] IIIª q. 90 a. 1 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2881 quod partes sunt ex quibus perfectio alicuius integratur. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2882 poenitentiae perfectio integratur ex pluribus, scilicet ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2883 contritione, confessione et satisfactione. Ergo poenitentia habet
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2884 partes.</p><p title="III q. 90 a. 1 co."><a name="51526"><span class="ref">[51526] IIIª q. 90 a. 1 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2885 dicendum quod partes rei sunt in quas materialiter totum dividitur,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2886 habent enim se partes ad totum sicut materia ad formam; unde in II
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2887 Physic. partes ponuntur in genere causae materialis, totum autem in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2888 genere causae formalis. Ubicumque igitur ex parte materiae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2889 invenitur aliqua pluralitas, ibi est invenire partium rationem.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2890 Dictum est autem supra quod in sacramento poenitentiae actus humani
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2891 se habent per modum materiae. Et ideo, cum plures actus humani
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2892 requirantur ad perfectionem poenitentiae, scilicet contritio,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2893 confessio et satisfactio, ut infra patebit, consequens est quod
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2894 sacramentum poenitentiae habeat partes.</p><p title="III q. 90 a. 1 ad 1"><a name="51527"><span class="ref">[51527] IIIª q. 90 a. 1 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2895 dicendum quod quodlibet sacramentum habet simplicitatem ratione
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2896 virtutis divinae, quae in eo operatur. Sed virtus divina, propter
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2897 sui magnitudinem, operari potest et per unum et per multa, ratione
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2898 quorum alicui sacramento possunt partes assignari.</p><p title="III q. 90 a. 1 ad 2"><a name="51528"><span class="ref">[51528] IIIª q. 90 a. 1 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2899 dicendum quod poenitentiae secundum quod est virtus, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2900 assignantur partes, actus enim humani, qui multiplicantur in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2901 poenitentia, non comparantur ad habitum virtutis sicut partes, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2902 sicut effectus. Unde relinquitur quod partes assignentur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2903 poenitentiae inquantum est sacramentum, ad quod actus humani
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2904 comparantur ut materia. In aliis autem sacramentis materia non sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2905 actus humani, sed aliqua res exterior, una quidem simplex, ut aqua
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2906 vel oleum; sive composita, ut chrisma. Et ideo aliis sacramentis
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
2907 non assignantur partes.</p><p title="III q. 90 a. 1 ad 3"><a name="51529"><span class="ref">[51529] IIIª q. 90 a. 1 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2908 dicendum quod peccata sunt materia remota poenitentiae, inquantum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2909 scilicet sunt ut materia vel obiectum humanorum actuum, qui sunt
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2910 propria materia poenitentiae prout est sacramentum.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 2</h3><p title="III q. 90 a. 2 arg. 1"><a name="51530"><span class="ref">[51530] IIIª q. 90 a. 2 arg. 1</span></a> Ad secundum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2911 sic proceditur. Videtur quod inconvenienter assignentur partes
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2912 poenitentiae contritio, confessio et satisfactio. Contritio enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2913 est in corde, et sic pertinet ad interiorem poenitentiam. Confessio
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2914 autem est in ore, et satisfactio in opere, et sic duo ultima
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2915 pertinent ad poenitentiam exteriorem. Poenitentia autem interior
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2916 non est sacramentum, sed sola poenitentia exterior, quae sensui
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2917 subiacet. Non ergo convenienter assignantur hae partes sacramento
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
2918 poenitentiae.</p><p title="III q. 90 a. 2 arg. 2"><a name="51531"><span class="ref">[51531] IIIª q. 90 a. 2 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea, in
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2919 sacramento novae legis confertur gratia, ut supra habitum est. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2920 in satisfactione non confertur aliqua gratia. Ergo satisfactio non
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2921 est pars sacramenti.</p><p title="III q. 90 a. 2 arg. 3"><a name="51532"><span class="ref">[51532] IIIª q. 90 a. 2 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea, non
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2922 est idem fructus rei et pars. Sed satisfactio est fructus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2923 poenitentiae, secundum illud Luc. III, <i>facite vobis dignos
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
2924 fructus poenitentiae</i>. Ergo non est pars poenitentiae.</p><p title="III q. 90 a. 2 arg. 4"><a name="51533"><span class="ref">[51533] IIIª q. 90 a. 2 arg. 4</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2925 poenitentia ordinatur contra peccatum. Sed peccatum potest perfici
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2926 solum in corde per consensum, ut in secunda parte habitum est. Ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2927 et poenitentia. Non ergo debent poenitentiae partes poni confessio
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
2928 oris et satisfactio operis.</p><p title="III q. 90 a. 2 s. c."><a name="51534"><span class="ref">[51534] IIIª q. 90 a. 2 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2929 videtur quod debeant poni plures partes poenitentiae. Pars enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2930 hominis ponitur non solum corpus, quasi materia, sed etiam anima,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2931 quae est forma. Sed tria praedicta, cum sint actus poenitentis, se
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2932 habent sicut materia, absolutio autem sacerdotis se habet per modum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2933 formae. Ergo absolutio sacerdotis debet poni quarta pars
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
2934 poenitentiae.</p><p title="III q. 90 a. 2 co."><a name="51535"><span class="ref">[51535] IIIª q. 90 a. 2 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2935 dicendum quod duplex est pars, ut dicitur in V Metaphys. scilicet
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2936 pars essentiae, et pars quantitatis. Partes quidem essentiae sunt,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2937 naturaliter quidem, forma et materia, logice autem, genus et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2938 differentia. Hoc autem modo quodlibet sacramentum distinguitur in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2939 materiam et formam sicut in partes essentiae, unde et supra dictum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2940 est quod sacramenta consistunt in rebus et verbis. Sed quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2941 quantitas se tenet ex parte materiae, partes quantitatis sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2942 partes materiae. Et hoc modo sacramento poenitentiae specialiter
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2943 assignantur partes, ut supra dictum est, quantum ad actus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2944 poenitentis, qui sunt materia huius sacramenti. Dictum est autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2945 supra quod alio modo fit recompensatio offensae in poenitentia, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2946 in vindicativa iustitia. Nam in vindicativa iustitia fit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2947 recompensatio secundum arbitrium iudicis, non secundum voluntatem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2948 offendentis vel offensi, sed in poenitentia fit recompensatio
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2949 offensae secundum voluntatem peccantis, et secundum arbitrium Dei,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2950 in quem peccatur; quia hic non quaeritur sola reintegratio
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2951 aequalitatis iustitiae, sicut in iustitia vindicativa, sed magis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2952 reconciliatio amicitiae, quod fit dum offendens recompensat
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2953 secundum voluntatem eius quem offendit. Sic igitur requiritur ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2954 parte poenitentis, primo quidem, voluntas recompensandi, quod fit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2955 per contritionem; secundo, quod se subiiciat arbitrio sacerdotis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2956 loco Dei, quod fit in confessione; tertio, quod recompenset
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2957 secundum arbitrium ministri Dei, quod fit in satisfactione. Et ideo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2958 contritio, confessio et satisfactio ponuntur partes
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
2959 poenitentiae.</p><p title="III q. 90 a. 2 ad 1"><a name="51536"><span class="ref">[51536] IIIª q. 90 a. 2 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2960 dicendum quod contritio secundum essentiam quidem est in corde, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2961 pertinet ad interiorem poenitentiam, virtualiter autem pertinet ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2962 poenitentiam exteriorem, inquantum scilicet implicat propositum
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2963 confitendi et satisfaciendi.</p><p title="III q. 90 a. 2 ad 2"><a name="51537"><span class="ref">[51537] IIIª q. 90 a. 2 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2964 dicendum quod satisfactio confert gratiam prout est in proposito,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2965 et auget eam prout est in executione, sicut Baptismus in adultis,
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2966 ut supra dictum est.</p><p title="III q. 90 a. 2 ad 3"><a name="51538"><span class="ref">[51538] IIIª q. 90 a. 2 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2967 dicendum quod satisfactio est pars poenitentiae sacramenti; fructus
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2968 autem poenitentiae virtutis.</p><p title="III q. 90 a. 2 ad 4"><a name="51539"><span class="ref">[51539] IIIª q. 90 a. 2 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2969 dicendum quod plura requiruntur ad bonum, quod procedit ex integra
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2970 causa, quam ad malum, quod procedit ex singularibus defectibus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2971 secundum Dionysium, IV cap. de Div. Nom. Et ideo, licet peccatum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2972 perficiatur in consensu cordis, ad perfectionem tamen poenitentiae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2973 requiritur et contritio cordis, et confessio oris, et satisfactio
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2974 operis.</p><p title="III q. 90 a. 2 ad 5"><a name="51540"><span class="ref">[51540] IIIª q. 90 a. 2 ad 5</span></a> Ad contrarium
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2975 patet solutio per ea quae dicta sunt.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 3</h3><p title="III q. 90 a. 3 arg. 1"><a name="51541"><span class="ref">[51541] IIIª q. 90 a. 3 arg. 1</span></a> Ad tertium sic
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2976 proceditur. Videtur quod praedicta tria non sint partes integrales
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2977 poenitentiae. Poenitentia enim, ut dictum est, contra peccatum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2978 ordinatur. Sed peccatum cordis, oris et operis sunt partes
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2979 subiectivae peccati, et non partes integrales, quia peccatum de
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2980 quolibet horum praedicatur. Ergo etiam in poenitentia contritio
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2981 cordis et confessio oris et satisfactio operis non sunt partes
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2982 integrales.</p><p title="III q. 90 a. 3 arg. 2"><a name="51542"><span class="ref">[51542] IIIª q. 90 a. 3 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2983 nulla pars integralis in se continet aliam sibi condivisam. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2984 contritio continet in se confessionem et satisfactionem in
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2985 proposito. Ergo non sunt partes integrales.</p><p title="III q. 90 a. 3 arg. 3"><a name="51543"><span class="ref">[51543] IIIª q. 90 a. 3 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea, ex
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2986 partibus integralibus simul et aequaliter constituitur totum, sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2987 linea ex suis partibus. Sed hoc non contingit hic. Ergo praedicta
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2988 non sunt partes integrales poenitentiae.</p><p title="III q. 90 a. 3 s. c."><a name="51544"><span class="ref">[51544] IIIª q. 90 a. 3 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2989 illae dicuntur partes integrales ex quibus integratur perfectio
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2990 totius. Sed ex tribus praedictis integratur perfectio poenitentiae.
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2991 Ergo sunt partes integrales poenitentiae.</p><p title="III q. 90 a. 3 co."><a name="51545"><span class="ref">[51545] IIIª q. 90 a. 3 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2992 dicendum quod quidam dixerunt haec tria esse partes subiectivas
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2993 poenitentiae. Sed hoc non potest esse. Quia partibus subiectivis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2994 singulis adest tota virtus totius, et simul, et aequaliter, sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2995 tota virtus animalis, inquantum est animal, salvatur in qualibet
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2996 specie animalis, quae simul et aequaliter dividunt animal. Sed hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2997 non est in proposito. Et ideo alii dixerunt quod sunt partes
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2998 potentiales. Sed nec hoc iterum esse potest. Quia singulis partibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2999 potentialibus adest totum secundum totam essentiam, sicut tota
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3000 essentia animae adest cuilibet eius potentiae. Sed hoc non est in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3001 proposito. Unde relinquitur quod praedicta tria sint partes
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3002 integrales poenitentiae, ad quarum rationem exigitur ut totum non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3003 adsit singulis partibus neque secundum totam virtutem eius, neque
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3004 secundum totam essentiam, sed omnibus simul.</p><p title="III q. 90 a. 3 ad 1"><a name="51546"><span class="ref">[51546] IIIª q. 90 a. 3 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3005 dicendum quod peccatum, quia rationem mali habet, potest in uno
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3006 tantum perfici, ut dictum est. Et ideo peccatum quod in solo corde
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3007 perficitur, est una species peccati. Alia vero species est peccatum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3008 quod perficitur in corde et ore. Tertia vero species est peccatum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3009 quod perficitur in corde et opere. Et huius peccati partes quasi
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3010 integrales sunt quod est in corde, et quod est in ore, et quod est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3011 in opere. Et ideo poenitentiae, quae in his tribus perficitur, haec
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3012 tria sunt partes integrales.</p><p title="III q. 90 a. 3 ad 2"><a name="51547"><span class="ref">[51547] IIIª q. 90 a. 3 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3013 dicendum quod una pars integralis potest continere totum, licet non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3014 secundum essentiam, fundamentum enim quodammodo virtute continet
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3015 totum aedificium. Et hoc modo contritio continet virtute totam
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3016 poenitentiam.</p><p title="III q. 90 a. 3 ad 3"><a name="51548"><span class="ref">[51548] IIIª q. 90 a. 3 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3017 dicendum quod omnes partes integrales habent ordinem quendam ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3018 invicem. Sed quaedam habent ordinem tantum in situ, sive
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3019 consequenter se habeant, sicut partes exercitus; sive se tangant,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3020 sicut partes acervi; sive etiam colligentur, sicut partes domus;
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3021 sive etiam continuentur, sicut partes lineae. Quaedam vero habent
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3022 insuper ordinem virtutis, sicut partes animalis, quarum prima
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3023 virtute est cor, et aliae quodam ordine virtutis dependent ab
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3024 invicem. Tertio modo ordinantur ordine temporis, sicut partes
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3025 temporis et motus. Partes igitur poenitentiae habent ad invicem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3026 ordinem virtutis et temporis, quia sunt actus; non autem ordinem
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3027 situs, quia non habent positionem.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 4</h3><p title="III q. 90 a. 4 arg. 1"><a name="51549"><span class="ref">[51549] IIIª q. 90 a. 4 arg. 1</span></a> Ad quartum sic
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3028 proceditur. Videtur quod inconvenienter dividatur poenitentia in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3029 poenitentiam ante Baptismum, et poenitentiam mortalium, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3030 poenitentiam venialium. Poenitentia enim est secunda tabula post
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3031 naufragium, ut supra dictum est, Baptismus autem prima. Illud ergo
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3032 quod est ante Baptismum, non debet poni species poenitentiae.</p><p title="III q. 90 a. 4 arg. 2"><a name="51550"><span class="ref">[51550] IIIª q. 90 a. 4 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3033 quod potest destruere maius, potest etiam destruere minus. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3034 mortale est maius peccatum quam veniale. Illa vero poenitentia quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3035 est de mortalibus, eadem etiam est de venialibus. Non ergo debent
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3036 poni diversae species poenitentiae.</p><p title="III q. 90 a. 4 arg. 3"><a name="51551"><span class="ref">[51551] IIIª q. 90 a. 4 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3037 sicut post Baptismum peccatur venialiter et mortaliter, ita etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3038 ante Baptismum. Si ergo post Baptismum distinguitur poenitentia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3039 venialium et mortalium, pari ratione debet distingui ante
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3040 Baptismum. Non ergo convenienter distinguitur poenitentia per has
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3041 species.</p><p title="III q. 90 a. 4 s. c."><a name="51552"><span class="ref">[51552] IIIª q. 90 a. 4 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3042 quod Augustinus, in libro de poenitentia, ponit praedictas tres
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3043 species poenitentiae.</p><p title="III q. 90 a. 4 co."><a name="51553"><span class="ref">[51553] IIIª q. 90 a. 4 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3044 dicendum quod haec divisio est poenitentiae secundum quod est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3045 virtus. Est autem considerandum quod quaelibet virtus operatur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
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diff changeset
3046 secundum congruentiam temporis, sicut et secundum alias debitas
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3047 circumstantias. Unde et virtus poenitentiae actum suum habet in hoc
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3048 tempore secundum quod convenit novae legi pertinet autem ad
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3049 poenitentiam ut detestetur peccata praeterita, cum proposito
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3050 immutandi vitam in melius, quod est quasi poenitentiae finis. Et
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3051 quia moralia recipiunt speciem secundum finem, ut in secunda parte
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3052 habitum est; consequens est quod diversae species poenitentiae
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3053 accipiantur secundum diversas immutationes quas poenitens intendit.
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3054 Est autem triplex immutatio a poenitente intenta. Prima quidem per
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3055 regenerationem in novam vitam. Et haec pertinet ad poenitentiam
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3056 quae est ante Baptismum. Secunda autem immutatio est per
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3057 reformationem vitae praeteritae iam corruptae. Et haec pertinet ad
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3058 poenitentiam mortalium post Baptismum. Tertia autem immutatio est
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3059 in perfectiorem operationem vitae. Et haec pertinet ad poenitentiam
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3060 venialium, quae remittuntur per aliquem ferventem actum caritatis,
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3061 ut supra dictum est.</p><p title="III q. 90 a. 4 ad 1"><a name="51554"><span class="ref">[51554] IIIª q. 90 a. 4 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28
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3062 dicendum quod poenitentia quae est ante Baptismum, non est
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3063 sacramentum, sed est actus virtutis disponens ad sacramentum
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3064 Baptismi.</p><p title="III q. 90 a. 4 ad 2"><a name="51555"><span class="ref">[51555] IIIª q. 90 a. 4 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
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3065 dicendum quod poenitentia quae delet peccata mortalia delet etiam
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3066 venialia, sed non convertitur. Et ideo hae duae poenitentiae se
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3067 habent sicut perfectum et imperfectum.</p><p title="III q. 90 a. 4 ad 3"><a name="51556"><span class="ref">[51556] IIIª q. 90 a. 4 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
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3068 dicendum quod ante Baptismum non sunt peccata venialia sine
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3069 mortalibus. Et quia veniale sine mortali dimitti non potest, ut
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3070 supra dictum est; ideo ante Baptismum non distinguitur poenitentia
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3071 mortalium et venialium.</p></div></div><div class="centro"><br/>
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3072 <p><a href="sth4083.html"><img src="icons/ageretro.gif" width="19" height="19" align="middle" border="0" alt="age retro"/></a>  
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3073 <a href="iopera.html"><img src="icons/ageultra.gif" width="19" height="19" align="middle" border="0" alt="age ultra"/></a></p>
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3074 <br/>
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3075 <hr/>
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3076 <br/>
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3077 <address>© 2006 Fundación Tomás de Aquino quoad
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3078 hanc editionem<br/>
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3079 Iura omnia asservantur<br/>
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3080 OCLC nr. <a href="http://worldcatlibraries.org/wcpa/oclc/49644264" style="text-decoration=none">49644264</a></address>
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3081 </div></body>
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3082 </html>