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annotate summa/latin/sth1028.html @ 53:d777cc3962f2

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author ht
date Mon, 28 Dec 2009 13:00:58 +0000
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1 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
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2 <!DOCTYPE html
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3 PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "file:///c:/cygwin/usr/local/share/lib/xml/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
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4 <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="LA" lang="LA">
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5 <head>
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6 <meta content="HTML Tidy for Windows (vers 1st February 2005), see www.w3.org" name="generator"/>
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7 <meta content="text/html; charset=us-ascii" http-equiv="Content-Type"/>
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8 <meta content="text/css" http-equiv="Content-Style-Type"/>
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9 <meta content="text/javascript" http-equiv="Content-Script-Type"/>
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10 <meta content="Thomas de Aquino, Summa Theologiae, Corpus Thomisticum" name="keywords"/>
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11 <meta content="Latin" name="language"/>
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12 <meta content="public" name="security"/>
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13 <meta content="ealarcon@unav.es" name="owner"/>
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14 <meta content="Enrique Alarcón" name="author"/>
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15 <meta content="" name="abstract"/>
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16 <link type="text/css" href="vscreen.css" media="screen" rel="stylesheet"/>
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17 <link type="text/css" href="vprint.css" media="print" rel="stylesheet"/>
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18 <title>Thomas de Aquino, Summa Theologiae, Iª q. 28-43</title>
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19 </head>
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20 <body><a href="http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/"/><div class="tres">CORPUS THOMISTICUM</div><div class="uno">Sancti Thomae de Aquino</div><div class="uno">Summa Theologiae</div><div class="dos">prima pars a quaestione XXVIII ad quaestionem
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21 XLIII</div><div class="centro">
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22 <table summary="Imago" align="center">
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23 <tr>
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24 <th><img align="middle" alt="Thomas de Aquino a Justo Ghent depictus" border="0" height="190" width="120" src="icons/ghent190.jpg"/></th>
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25 </tr>
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26 </table>
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27 <br/>
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28 <span class="tres">Textum Leoninum Romae 1888 editum<br/>
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29 ac automato translatum a Roberto Busa SJ in taenias
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30 magneticas<br/>
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31 denuo recognovit Enrique Alarcón atque instruxit<br/>
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32 <br/></span><br/>
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33 <hr/>
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34 <br/>
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35 <p><a href="sth1015.html"><img alt="age retro" border="0" align="middle" height="19" width="19" src="icons/ageretro.gif"/></a>  
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36 <a href="sth1044.html"><img alt="age ultra" border="0" align="middle" height="19" width="19" src="icons/ageultra.gif"/></a></p>
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37 <script type="text/javascript" language="JavaScript">
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38 //
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39 &lt;!--
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4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
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40 // original code by Bill Trefzger 12/12/96; revised by Enrique Alarcon 12/9/2000
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138 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#29699"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 30 a. 1 ad 2');
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139 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#29700"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 30 a. 1 ad 3');
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140 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#29701"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 30 a. 1 ad 4');
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141 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#29702"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 30 a. 2 arg. 1');
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142 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#29703"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 30 a. 2 arg. 2');
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parents: 28
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143 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#29704"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 30 a. 2 arg. 3');
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diff changeset
144 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#29705"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 30 a. 2 arg. 4');
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145 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#29706"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 30 a. 2 arg. 5');
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diff changeset
146 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#29707"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 30 a. 2 s. c.');
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diff changeset
147 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#29708"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 30 a. 2 co.');
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diff changeset
148 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#29709"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 30 a. 2 ad 1');
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149 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#29710"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 30 a. 2 ad 2');
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150 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#29711"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 30 a. 2 ad 3');
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151 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#29712"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 30 a. 2 ad 4');
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152 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#29713"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 30 a. 2 ad 5');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
153 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#29714"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 30 a. 3 arg. 1');
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diff changeset
154 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#29715"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 30 a. 3 arg. 2');
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parents: 28
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155 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#29716"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 30 a. 3 arg. 3');
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156 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#29717"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 30 a. 3 s. c.');
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diff changeset
157 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#29718"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 30 a. 3 co.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
158 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#29719"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 30 a. 3 ad 1');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
159 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#29720"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 30 a. 3 ad 2');
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160 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#29721"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 30 a. 3 ad 3');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
161 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#29722"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 30 a. 4 arg. 1');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
162 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#29723"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 30 a. 4 arg. 2');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
163 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#29724"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 30 a. 4 arg. 3');
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164 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#29725"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 30 a. 4 s. c.');
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diff changeset
165 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#29726"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 30 a. 4 co.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
166 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#29727"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 30 a. 4 ad 1');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
167 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#29728"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 30 a. 4 ad 2');
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parents: 28
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168 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#29729"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 30 a. 4 ad 3');
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parents: 28
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169 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#29730"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 31 pr.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
170 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#29731"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 31 a. 1 arg. 1');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
171 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#29732"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 31 a. 1 arg. 2');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
172 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#29733"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 31 a. 1 arg. 3');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
173 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#29734"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 31 a. 1 arg. 4');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
174 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#29735"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 31 a. 1 arg. 5');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
175 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#29736"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 31 a. 1 s. c.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
176 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#29737"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 31 a. 1 co.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
177 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#29738"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 31 a. 1 ad 1');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
178 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#29739"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 31 a. 1 ad 2');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
179 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#29740"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 31 a. 1 ad 3');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
180 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#29741"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 31 a. 1 ad 4');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
181 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#29742"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 31 a. 1 ad 5');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
182 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#29743"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 31 a. 2 arg. 1');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
183 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#29744"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 31 a. 2 arg. 2');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
184 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#29745"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 31 a. 2 arg. 3');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
185 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#29746"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 31 a. 2 arg. 4');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
186 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#29747"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 31 a. 2 s. c.');
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diff changeset
187 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#29748"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 31 a. 2 co.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
188 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#29749"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 31 a. 2 ad 1');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
189 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#29750"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 31 a. 2 ad 2');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
190 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#29751"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 31 a. 2 ad 3');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
191 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#29752"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 31 a. 2 ad 4');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
192 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#29753"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 31 a. 3 arg. 1');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
193 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#29754"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 31 a. 3 arg. 2');
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parents: 28
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194 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#29755"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 31 a. 3 arg. 3');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
195 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#29756"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 31 a. 3 s. c.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
196 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#29757"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 31 a. 3 co.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
197 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#29758"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 31 a. 3 ad 1');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
198 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#29759"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 31 a. 3 ad 2');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
199 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#29760"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 31 a. 3 ad 3');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
200 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#29761"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 31 a. 4 arg. 1');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
201 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#29762"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 31 a. 4 arg. 2');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
202 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#29763"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 31 a. 4 arg. 3');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
203 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#29764"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 31 a. 4 arg. 4');
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parents: 28
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204 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#29765"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 31 a. 4 s. c.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
205 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#29766"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 31 a. 4 co.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
206 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#29767"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 31 a. 4 ad 1');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
207 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#29768"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 31 a. 4 ad 2');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
208 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#29769"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 31 a. 4 ad 3');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
209 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#29770"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 31 a. 4 ad 4');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
210 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#29771"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 32 pr.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
211 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#29772"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 32 a. 1 arg. 1');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
212 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#29773"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 32 a. 1 arg. 2');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
213 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#29774"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 32 a. 1 arg. 3');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
214 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#29775"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 32 a. 1 s. c.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
215 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#29776"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 32 a. 1 co.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
216 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#29777"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 32 a. 1 ad 1');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
217 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#29778"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 32 a. 1 ad 2');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
218 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#29779"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 32 a. 1 ad 3');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
219 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#29780"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 32 a. 2 arg. 1');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
220 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#29781"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 32 a. 2 arg. 2');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
221 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#29782"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 32 a. 2 arg. 3');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
222 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#29783"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 32 a. 2 s. c.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
223 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#29784"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 32 a. 2 co.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
224 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#29785"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 32 a. 2 ad 1');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
225 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#29786"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 32 a. 2 ad 2');
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parents: 28
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226 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#29787"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 32 a. 2 ad 3');
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parents: 28
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227 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#29788"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 32 a. 3 arg. 1');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
228 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#29789"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 32 a. 3 arg. 2');
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parents: 28
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229 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#29790"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 32 a. 3 arg. 3');
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parents: 28
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230 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#29791"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 32 a. 3 s. c. 1');
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231 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#29792"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 32 a. 3 s. c. 2');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
232 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#29793"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 32 a. 3 co.');
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parents: 28
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233 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#29794"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 32 a. 3 ad 1');
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parents: 28
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234 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#29795"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 32 a. 3 ad 2');
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parents: 28
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235 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#29796"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 32 a. 3 ad 3');
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parents: 28
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236 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#29797"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 32 a. 3 ad 4');
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parents: 28
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237 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#29798"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 32 a. 3 ad 5');
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parents: 28
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238 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#29799"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 32 a. 4 arg. 1');
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parents: 28
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239 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#29800"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 32 a. 4 arg. 2');
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parents: 28
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240 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#29801"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 32 a. 4 s. c.');
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parents: 28
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241 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#29802"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 32 a. 4 co.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
242 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#29803"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 32 a. 4 ad');
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parents: 28
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243 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#29804"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 33 pr.');
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parents: 28
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244 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#29805"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 33 a. 1 arg. 1');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
245 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#29806"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 33 a. 1 arg. 2');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
246 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#29807"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 33 a. 1 arg. 3');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
247 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#29808"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 33 a. 1 s. c.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
248 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#29809"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 33 a. 1 co.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
249 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#29810"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 33 a. 1 ad 1');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
250 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#29811"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 33 a. 1 ad 2');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
251 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#29812"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 33 a. 1 ad 3');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
252 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#29813"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 33 a. 2 arg. 1');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
253 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#29814"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 33 a. 2 arg. 2');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
254 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#29815"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 33 a. 2 arg. 3');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
255 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#29816"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 33 a. 2 arg. 4');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
256 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#29817"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 33 a. 2 s. c.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
257 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#29818"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 33 a. 2 co.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
258 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#29819"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 33 a. 2 ad 1');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
259 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#29820"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 33 a. 2 ad 2');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
260 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#29821"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 33 a. 2 ad 3');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
261 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#29822"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 33 a. 2 ad 4');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
262 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#29823"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 33 a. 3 arg. 1');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
263 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#29824"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 33 a. 3 arg. 2');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
264 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#29825"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 33 a. 3 arg. 3');
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parents: 28
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265 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#29826"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 33 a. 3 s. c.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
266 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#29827"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 33 a. 3 co.');
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diff changeset
267 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#29828"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 33 a. 3 ad 1');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
268 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#29829"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 33 a. 3 ad 2');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
269 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#29830"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 33 a. 3 ad 3');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
270 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#29831"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 33 a. 4 arg. 1');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
271 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#29832"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 33 a. 4 arg. 2');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
272 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#29833"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 33 a. 4 arg. 3');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
273 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#29834"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 33 a. 4 arg. 4');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
274 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#29835"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 33 a. 4 arg. 5');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
275 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#29836"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 33 a. 4 s. c.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
276 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#29837"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 33 a. 4 co.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
277 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#29838"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 33 a. 4 ad 1');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
278 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#29839"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 33 a. 4 ad 2');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
279 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#29840"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 33 a. 4 ad 3');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
280 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#29841"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 33 a. 4 ad 4');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
281 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#29842"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 33 a. 4 ad 5');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
282 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#29843"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 34 pr.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
283 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#29844"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 34 a. 1 arg. 1');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
284 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#29845"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 34 a. 1 arg. 2');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
285 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#29846"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 34 a. 1 arg. 3');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
286 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#29847"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 34 a. 1 arg. 4');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
287 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#29848"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 34 a. 1 s. c.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
288 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#29849"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 34 a. 1 co.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
289 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#29850"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 34 a. 1 ad 1');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
290 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#29851"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 34 a. 1 ad 2');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
291 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#29852"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 34 a. 1 ad 3');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
292 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#29853"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 34 a. 1 ad 4');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
293 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#29854"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 34 a. 2 arg. 1');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
294 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#29855"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 34 a. 2 arg. 2');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
295 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#29856"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 34 a. 2 arg. 3');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
296 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#29857"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 34 a. 2 arg. 4');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
297 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#29858"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 34 a. 2 arg. 5');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
298 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#29859"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 34 a. 2 s. c.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
299 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#29860"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 34 a. 2 co.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
300 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#29861"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 34 a. 2 ad 1');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
301 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#29862"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 34 a. 2 ad 2');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
302 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#29863"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 34 a. 2 ad 3');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
303 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#29864"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 34 a. 2 ad 4');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
304 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#29865"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 34 a. 2 ad 5');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
305 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#29866"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 34 a. 3 arg. 1');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
306 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#29867"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 34 a. 3 arg. 2');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
307 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#29868"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 34 a. 3 arg. 3');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
308 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#29869"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 34 a. 3 arg. 4');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
309 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#29870"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 34 a. 3 arg. 5');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
310 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#29871"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 34 a. 3 s. c.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
311 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#29872"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 34 a. 3 co.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
312 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#29873"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 34 a. 3 ad 1');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
313 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#29874"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 34 a. 3 ad 2');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
314 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#29875"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 34 a. 3 ad 3');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
315 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#29876"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 34 a. 3 ad 4');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
316 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#29877"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 34 a. 3 ad 5');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
317 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#29878"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 35 pr.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
318 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#29879"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 35 a. 1 arg. 1');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
319 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#29880"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 35 a. 1 arg. 2');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
320 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#29881"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 35 a. 1 arg. 3');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
321 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#29882"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 35 a. 1 s. c.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
322 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#29883"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 35 a. 1 co.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
323 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#29884"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 35 a. 1 ad 1');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
324 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#29885"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 35 a. 1 ad 2');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
325 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#29886"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 35 a. 1 ad 3');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
326 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#29887"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 35 a. 2 arg. 1');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
327 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#29888"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 35 a. 2 arg. 2');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
328 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#29889"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 35 a. 2 arg. 3');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
329 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#29890"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 35 a. 2 s. c.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
330 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#29891"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 35 a. 2 co.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
331 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#29892"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 35 a. 2 ad 1');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
332 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#29893"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 35 a. 2 ad 2');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
333 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#29894"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 35 a. 2 ad 3');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
334 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#29895"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 36 pr.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
335 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#29896"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 36 a. 1 arg. 1');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
336 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#29897"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 36 a. 1 arg. 2');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
337 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#29898"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 36 a. 1 arg. 3');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
338 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#29899"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 36 a. 1 s. c.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
339 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#29900"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 36 a. 1 co.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
340 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#29901"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 36 a. 1 ad 1');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
341 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#29902"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 36 a. 1 ad 2');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
342 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#29903"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 36 a. 1 ad 3');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
343 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#29904"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 36 a. 2 arg. 1');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
344 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#29905"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 36 a. 2 arg. 2');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
345 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#29906"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 36 a. 2 arg. 3');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
346 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#29907"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 36 a. 2 arg. 4');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
347 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#29908"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 36 a. 2 arg. 5');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
348 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#29909"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 36 a. 2 arg. 6');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
349 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#29910"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 36 a. 2 arg. 7');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
350 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#29911"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 36 a. 2 s. c.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
351 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#29912"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 36 a. 2 co.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
352 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#29913"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 36 a. 2 ad 1');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
353 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#29914"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 36 a. 2 ad 2');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
354 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#29915"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 36 a. 2 ad 3');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
355 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#29916"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 36 a. 2 ad 4');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
356 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#29917"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 36 a. 2 ad 5');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
357 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#29918"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 36 a. 2 ad 6');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
358 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#29919"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 36 a. 2 ad 7');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
359 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#29920"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 36 a. 3 arg. 1');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
360 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#29921"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 36 a. 3 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
361 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#29922"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 36 a. 3 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
362 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#29923"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 36 a. 3 arg. 4');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
363 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#29924"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 36 a. 3 s. c.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
364 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#29925"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 36 a. 3 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
365 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#29926"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 36 a. 3 ad 1');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
366 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#29927"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 36 a. 3 ad 2');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
367 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#29928"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 36 a. 3 ad 3');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
368 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#29929"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 36 a. 3 ad 4');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
369 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#29930"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 36 a. 4 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
370 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#29931"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 36 a. 4 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
371 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#29932"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 36 a. 4 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
372 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#29933"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 36 a. 4 arg. 4');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
373 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#29934"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 36 a. 4 arg. 5');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
374 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#29935"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 36 a. 4 arg. 6');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
375 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#29936"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 36 a. 4 arg. 7');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
376 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#29937"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 36 a. 4 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
377 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#29938"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 36 a. 4 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
378 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#29939"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 36 a. 4 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
379 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#29940"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 36 a. 4 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
380 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#29941"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 36 a. 4 ad 3');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
381 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#29942"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 36 a. 4 ad 4');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
382 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#29943"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 36 a. 4 ad 5');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
383 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#29944"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 36 a. 4 ad 6');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
384 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#29945"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 36 a. 4 ad 7');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
385 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#29946"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 37 pr.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
386 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#29947"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 37 a. 1 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
387 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#29948"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 37 a. 1 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
388 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#29949"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 37 a. 1 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
389 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#29950"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 37 a. 1 arg. 4');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
390 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#29951"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 37 a. 1 s. c.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
391 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#29952"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 37 a. 1 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
392 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#29953"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 37 a. 1 ad 1');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
393 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#29954"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 37 a. 1 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
394 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#29955"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 37 a. 1 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
395 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#29956"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 37 a. 1 ad 4');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
396 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#29957"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 37 a. 2 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
397 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#29958"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 37 a. 2 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
398 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#29959"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 37 a. 2 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
399 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#29960"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 37 a. 2 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
400 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#29961"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 37 a. 2 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
401 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#29962"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 37 a. 2 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
402 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#29963"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 37 a. 2 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
403 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#29964"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 37 a. 2 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
404 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#29965"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 38 pr.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
405 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#29966"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 38 a. 1 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
406 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#29967"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 38 a. 1 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
407 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#29968"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 38 a. 1 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
408 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#29969"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 38 a. 1 arg. 4');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
409 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#29970"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 38 a. 1 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
410 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#29971"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 38 a. 1 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
411 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#29972"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 38 a. 1 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
412 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#29973"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 38 a. 1 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
413 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#29974"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 38 a. 1 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
414 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#29975"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 38 a. 1 ad 4');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
415 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#29976"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 38 a. 2 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
416 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#29977"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 38 a. 2 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
417 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#29978"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 38 a. 2 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
418 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#29979"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 38 a. 2 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
419 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#29980"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 38 a. 2 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
420 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#29981"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 38 a. 2 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
421 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#29982"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 38 a. 2 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
422 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#29983"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 38 a. 2 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
423 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#29984"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 39 pr.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
424 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#29985"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 39 a. 1 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
425 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#29986"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 39 a. 1 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
426 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#29987"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 39 a. 1 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
427 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#29988"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 39 a. 1 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
428 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#29989"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 39 a. 1 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
429 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#29990"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 39 a. 1 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
430 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#29991"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 39 a. 1 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
431 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#29992"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 39 a. 1 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
432 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#29993"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 39 a. 2 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
433 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#29994"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 39 a. 2 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
434 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#29995"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 39 a. 2 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
435 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#29996"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 39 a. 2 arg. 4');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
436 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#29997"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 39 a. 2 arg. 5');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
437 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#29998"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 39 a. 2 arg. 6');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
438 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#29999"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 39 a. 2 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
439 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#30000"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 39 a. 2 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
440 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#30001"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 39 a. 2 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
441 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#30002"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 39 a. 2 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
442 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#30003"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 39 a. 2 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
443 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#30004"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 39 a. 2 ad 4');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
444 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#30005"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 39 a. 2 ad 5');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
445 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#30006"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 39 a. 2 ad 6');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
446 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#30007"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 39 a. 3 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
447 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#30008"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 39 a. 3 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
448 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#30009"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 39 a. 3 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
449 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#30010"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 39 a. 3 arg. 4');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
450 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#30011"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 39 a. 3 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
451 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#30012"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 39 a. 3 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
452 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#30013"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 39 a. 3 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
453 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#30014"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 39 a. 3 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
454 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#30015"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 39 a. 3 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
455 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#30016"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 39 a. 3 ad 4');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
456 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#30017"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 39 a. 4 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
457 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#30018"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 39 a. 4 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
458 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#30019"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 39 a. 4 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
459 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#30020"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 39 a. 4 arg. 4');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
460 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#30021"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 39 a. 4 arg. 5');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
461 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#30022"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 39 a. 4 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
462 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#30023"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 39 a. 4 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
463 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#30024"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 39 a. 4 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
464 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#30025"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 39 a. 4 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
465 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#30026"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 39 a. 4 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
466 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#30027"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 39 a. 4 ad 4');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
467 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#30028"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 39 a. 4 ad 5');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
468 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#30029"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 39 a. 5 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
469 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#30030"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 39 a. 5 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
470 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#30031"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 39 a. 5 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
471 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#30032"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 39 a. 5 arg. 4');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
472 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#30033"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 39 a. 5 arg. 5');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
473 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#30034"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 39 a. 5 arg. 6');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
474 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#30035"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 39 a. 5 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
475 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#30036"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 39 a. 5 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
476 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#30037"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 39 a. 5 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
477 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#30038"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 39 a. 5 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
478 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#30039"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 39 a. 5 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
479 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#30040"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 39 a. 5 ad 4');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
480 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#30041"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 39 a. 5 ad 5');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
481 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#30042"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 39 a. 5 ad 6');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
482 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#30043"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 39 a. 6 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
483 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#30044"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 39 a. 6 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
484 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#30045"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 39 a. 6 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
485 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#30046"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 39 a. 6 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
486 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#30047"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 39 a. 6 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
487 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#30048"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 39 a. 6 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
488 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#30049"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 39 a. 7 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
489 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#30050"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 39 a. 7 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
490 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#30051"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 39 a. 7 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
491 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#30052"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 39 a. 7 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
492 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#30053"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 39 a. 7 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
493 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#30054"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 39 a. 7 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
494 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#30055"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 39 a. 7 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
495 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#30056"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 39 a. 7 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
496 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#30057"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 39 a. 8 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
497 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#30058"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 39 a. 8 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
498 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#30059"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 39 a. 8 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
499 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#30060"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 39 a. 8 arg. 4');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
500 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#30061"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 39 a. 8 arg. 5');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
501 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#30062"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 39 a. 8 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
502 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#30063"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 39 a. 8 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
503 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#30064"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 40 pr.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
504 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#30065"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 40 a. 1 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
505 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#30066"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 40 a. 1 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
506 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#30067"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 40 a. 1 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
507 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#30068"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 40 a. 1 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
508 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#30069"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 40 a. 1 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
509 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#30070"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 40 a. 1 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
510 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#30071"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 40 a. 1 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
511 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#30072"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 40 a. 1 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
512 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#30073"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 40 a. 2 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
513 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#30074"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 40 a. 2 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
514 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#30075"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 40 a. 2 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
515 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#30076"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 40 a. 2 arg. 4');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
516 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#30077"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 40 a. 2 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
517 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#30078"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 40 a. 2 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
518 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#30079"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 40 a. 2 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
519 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#30080"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 40 a. 2 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
520 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#30081"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 40 a. 2 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
521 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#30082"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 40 a. 2 ad 4');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
522 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#30083"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 40 a. 3 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
523 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#30084"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 40 a. 3 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
524 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#30085"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 40 a. 3 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
525 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#30086"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 40 a. 3 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
526 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#30087"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 40 a. 3 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
527 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#30088"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 40 a. 3 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
528 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#30089"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 40 a. 3 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
529 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#30090"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 40 a. 3 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
530 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#30091"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 40 a. 4 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
531 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#30092"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 40 a. 4 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
532 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#30093"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 40 a. 4 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
533 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#30094"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 40 a. 4 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
534 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#30095"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 40 a. 4 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
535 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#30096"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 40 a. 4 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
536 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#30097"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 40 a. 4 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
537 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#30098"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 40 a. 4 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
538 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#30099"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 41 pr.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
539 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#30100"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 41 a. 1 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
540 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#30101"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 41 a. 1 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
541 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#30102"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 41 a. 1 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
542 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#30103"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 41 a. 1 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
543 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#30104"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 41 a. 1 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
544 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#30105"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 41 a. 1 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
545 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#30106"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 41 a. 1 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
546 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#30107"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 41 a. 1 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
547 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#30108"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 41 a. 2 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
548 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#30109"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 41 a. 2 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
549 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#30110"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 41 a. 2 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
550 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#30111"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 41 a. 2 arg. 4');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
551 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#30112"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 41 a. 2 arg. 5');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
552 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#30113"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 41 a. 2 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
553 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#30114"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 41 a. 2 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
554 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#30115"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 41 a. 2 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
555 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#30116"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 41 a. 2 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
556 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#30117"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 41 a. 2 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
557 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#30118"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 41 a. 2 ad 4');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
558 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#30119"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 41 a. 2 ad 5');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
559 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#30120"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 41 a. 3 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
560 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#30121"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 41 a. 3 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
561 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#30122"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 41 a. 3 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
562 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#30123"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 41 a. 3 arg. 4');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
563 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#30124"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 41 a. 3 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
564 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#30125"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 41 a. 3 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
565 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#30126"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 41 a. 3 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
566 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#30127"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 41 a. 3 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
567 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#30128"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 41 a. 3 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
568 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#30129"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 41 a. 3 ad 4');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
569 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#30130"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 41 a. 4 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
570 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#30131"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 41 a. 4 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
571 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#30132"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 41 a. 4 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
572 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#30133"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 41 a. 4 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
573 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#30134"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 41 a. 4 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
574 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#30135"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 41 a. 4 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
575 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#30136"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 41 a. 4 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
576 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#30137"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 41 a. 4 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
577 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#30138"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 41 a. 5 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
578 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#30139"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 41 a. 5 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
579 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#30140"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 41 a. 5 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
580 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#30141"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 41 a. 5 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
581 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#30142"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 41 a. 5 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
582 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#30143"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 41 a. 5 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
583 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#30144"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 41 a. 5 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
584 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#30145"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 41 a. 5 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
585 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#30146"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 41 a. 6 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
586 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#30147"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 41 a. 6 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
587 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#30148"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 41 a. 6 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
588 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#30149"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 41 a. 6 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
589 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#30150"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 41 a. 6 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
590 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#30151"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 41 a. 6 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
591 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#30152"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 41 a. 6 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
592 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#30153"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 41 a. 6 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
593 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#30154"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 42 pr.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
594 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#30155"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 42 a. 1 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
595 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#30156"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 42 a. 1 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
596 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#30157"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 42 a. 1 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
597 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#30158"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 42 a. 1 arg. 4');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
598 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#30159"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 42 a. 1 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
599 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#30160"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 42 a. 1 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
600 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#30161"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 42 a. 1 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
601 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#30162"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 42 a. 1 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
602 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#30163"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 42 a. 1 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
603 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#30164"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 42 a. 1 ad 4');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
604 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#30165"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 42 a. 2 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
605 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#30166"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 42 a. 2 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
606 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#30167"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 42 a. 2 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
607 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#30168"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 42 a. 2 arg. 4');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
608 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#30169"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 42 a. 2 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
609 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#30170"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 42 a. 2 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
610 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#30171"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 42 a. 2 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
611 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#30172"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 42 a. 2 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
612 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#30173"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 42 a. 2 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
613 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#30174"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 42 a. 2 ad 4');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
614 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#30175"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 42 a. 3 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
615 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#30176"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 42 a. 3 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
616 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#30177"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 42 a. 3 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
617 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#30178"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 42 a. 3 arg. 4');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
618 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#30179"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 42 a. 3 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
619 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#30180"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 42 a. 3 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
620 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#30181"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 42 a. 3 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
621 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#30182"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 42 a. 3 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
622 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#30183"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 42 a. 3 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
623 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#30184"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 42 a. 3 ad 4');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
624 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#30185"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 42 a. 4 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
625 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#30186"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 42 a. 4 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
626 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#30187"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 42 a. 4 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
627 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#30188"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 42 a. 4 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
628 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#30189"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 42 a. 4 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
629 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#30190"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 42 a. 4 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
630 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#30191"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 42 a. 4 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
631 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#30192"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 42 a. 4 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
632 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#30193"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 42 a. 5 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
633 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#30194"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 42 a. 5 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
634 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#30195"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 42 a. 5 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
635 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#30196"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 42 a. 5 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
636 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#30197"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 42 a. 5 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
637 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#30198"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 42 a. 5 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
638 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#30199"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 42 a. 5 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
639 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#30200"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 42 a. 5 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
640 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#30201"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 42 a. 6 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
641 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#30202"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 42 a. 6 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
642 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#30203"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 42 a. 6 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
643 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#30204"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 42 a. 6 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
644 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#30205"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 42 a. 6 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
645 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#30206"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 42 a. 6 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
646 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#30207"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 42 a. 6 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
647 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#30208"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 42 a. 6 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
648 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#30209"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 43 pr.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
649 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#30210"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 43 a. 1 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
650 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#30211"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 43 a. 1 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
651 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#30212"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 43 a. 1 arg. 3');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
652 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#30213"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 43 a. 1 s. c.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
653 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#30214"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 43 a. 1 co.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
654 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#30215"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 43 a. 1 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
655 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#30216"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 43 a. 1 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
656 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#30217"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 43 a. 1 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
657 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#30218"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 43 a. 2 arg. 1');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
658 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#30219"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 43 a. 2 arg. 2');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
659 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#30220"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 43 a. 2 arg. 3');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
660 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#30221"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 43 a. 2 s. c.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
661 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#30222"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 43 a. 2 co.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
662 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#30223"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 43 a. 2 ad 1');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
663 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#30224"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 43 a. 2 ad 2');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
664 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#30225"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 43 a. 2 ad 3');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
665 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#30226"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 43 a. 3 arg. 1');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
666 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#30227"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 43 a. 3 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
667 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#30228"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 43 a. 3 arg. 3');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
668 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#30229"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 43 a. 3 arg. 4');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
669 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#30230"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 43 a. 3 s. c.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
670 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#30231"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 43 a. 3 co.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
671 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#30232"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 43 a. 3 ad 1');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
672 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#30233"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 43 a. 3 ad 2');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
673 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#30234"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 43 a. 3 ad 3');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
674 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#30235"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 43 a. 3 ad 4');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
675 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#30236"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 43 a. 4 arg. 1');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
676 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#30237"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 43 a. 4 arg. 2');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
677 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#30238"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 43 a. 4 arg. 3');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
678 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#30239"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 43 a. 4 s. c.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
679 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#30240"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 43 a. 4 co.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
680 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#30241"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 43 a. 4 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
681 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#30242"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 43 a. 4 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
682 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#30243"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 43 a. 4 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
683 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#30244"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 43 a. 5 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
684 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#30245"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 43 a. 5 arg. 2');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
685 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#30246"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 43 a. 5 arg. 3');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
686 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#30247"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 43 a. 5 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
687 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#30248"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 43 a. 5 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
688 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#30249"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 43 a. 5 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
689 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#30250"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 43 a. 5 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
690 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#30251"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 43 a. 5 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
691 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#30252"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 43 a. 6 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
692 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#30253"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 43 a. 6 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
693 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#30254"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 43 a. 6 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
694 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#30255"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 43 a. 6 arg. 4');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
695 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#30256"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 43 a. 6 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
696 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#30257"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 43 a. 6 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
697 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#30258"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 43 a. 6 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
698 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#30259"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 43 a. 6 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
699 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#30260"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 43 a. 6 ad 3');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
700 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#30261"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 43 a. 6 ad 4');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
701 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#30262"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 43 a. 7 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
702 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#30263"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 43 a. 7 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
703 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#30264"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 43 a. 7 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
704 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#30265"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 43 a. 7 arg. 4');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
705 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#30266"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 43 a. 7 arg. 5');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
706 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#30267"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 43 a. 7 arg. 6');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
707 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#30268"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 43 a. 7 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
708 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#30269"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 43 a. 7 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
709 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#30270"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 43 a. 7 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
710 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#30271"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 43 a. 7 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
711 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#30272"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 43 a. 7 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
712 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#30273"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 43 a. 7 ad 4');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
713 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#30274"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 43 a. 7 ad 5');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
714 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#30275"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 43 a. 7 ad 6');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
715 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#30276"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 43 a. 8 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
716 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#30277"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 43 a. 8 arg. 2');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
717 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#30278"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 43 a. 8 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
718 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#30279"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 43 a. 8 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
719 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#30280"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 43 a. 8 co.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
720 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#30281"&gt;I&amp;ordf; q. 43 a. 8 ad');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
721 document.write('&lt;\/SELECT&gt;');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
722 document.write('&lt;BR&gt;&lt;BR&gt;');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
723 document.write('&lt;INPUT TYPE="button" VALUE="Agedum" ONCLICK="go()"&gt;');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
724 document.write('&lt;\/FORM&gt;');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
725 // --&gt;
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parents: 28
diff changeset
726 //
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parents: 28
diff changeset
727 </script><br/>
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
728 <hr/>
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parents: 28
diff changeset
729 <br/></div><div class="q" id="q28"><h2>Quaestio 28</h2><div class="p"><h3>Prooemium</h3><p title="I q. 28 pr."><a name="29610"><span class="ref">[29610]
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parents: 28
diff changeset
730 Iª q. 28 pr.</span></a> Deinde considerandum est de
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
731 relationibus divinis. Et circa hoc quaeruntur quatuor. Primo, utrum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
732 in Deo sint aliquae relationes reales. Secundo, utrum illae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
733 relationes sint ipsa essentia divina, vel sint extrinsecus affixae.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
734 Tertio, utrum possint esse in Deo plures relationes realiter
53
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parents: 28
diff changeset
735 distinctae ab invicem. Quarto, de numero harum relationum.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 1</h3><p title="I q. 28 a. 1 arg. 1"><a name="29611"><span class="ref">[29611] Iª q. 28 a. 1 arg. 1</span></a> Ad primum sic
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
736 proceditur. Videtur quod in Deo non sint aliquae relationes reales.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
737 Dicit enim Boetius, in libro de Trin., quod <i>cum quis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
738 praedicamenta in divinam vertit praedicationem, cuncta mutantur in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
739 substantiam quae praedicari possunt; ad aliquid vero omnino non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
740 potest praedicari</i>. Sed quidquid est realiter in Deo, de ipso
53
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parents: 28
diff changeset
741 praedicari potest. Ergo relatio non est realiter in Deo.</p><p title="I q. 28 a. 1 arg. 2"><a name="29612"><span class="ref">[29612] Iª q. 28 a. 1 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea, dicit
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
742 Boetius in eodem libro, quod <i>similis est relatio in Trinitate
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
743 patris ad filium, et utriusque ad spiritum sanctum, ut eius quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
744 est idem, ad id quod est idem</i>. Sed huiusmodi relatio est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
745 rationis tantum, quia omnis relatio realis exigit duo extrema
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
746 realiter. Ergo relationes quae ponuntur in divinis, non sunt reales
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
747 relationes, sed rationis tantum.</p><p title="I q. 28 a. 1 arg. 3"><a name="29613"><span class="ref">[29613] Iª q. 28 a. 1 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
748 relatio paternitatis est relatio principii. Sed cum dicitur, Deus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
749 est principium creaturarum, non importatur aliqua relatio realis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
750 sed rationis tantum. Ergo nec paternitas in divinis est relatio
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
751 realis. Et eadem ratione nec aliae relationes quae ponuntur
53
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parents: 28
diff changeset
752 ibi.</p><p title="I q. 28 a. 1 arg. 4"><a name="29614"><span class="ref">[29614] Iª q. 28 a. 1 arg. 4</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
753 generatio in divinis est secundum intelligibilis verbi
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
754 processionem. Sed relationes quae consequuntur operationem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
755 intellectus, sunt relationes rationis. Ergo paternitas et filiatio,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
756 quae dicuntur in divinis secundum generationem, sunt relationes
53
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parents: 28
diff changeset
757 rationis tantum.</p><p title="I q. 28 a. 1 s. c."><a name="29615"><span class="ref">[29615] Iª q. 28 a. 1 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
758 quod pater non dicitur nisi a paternitate, et filius a filiatione.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
759 Si igitur paternitas et filiatio non sunt in Deo realiter, sequitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
760 quod Deus non sit realiter pater aut filius, sed secundum rationem
53
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parents: 28
diff changeset
761 intelligentiae tantum, quod est haeresis Sabelliana.</p><p title="I q. 28 a. 1 co."><a name="29616"><span class="ref">[29616] Iª q. 28 a. 1 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
762 quod relationes quaedam sunt in divinis realiter. Ad cuius
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
763 evidentiam, considerandum est quod solum in his quae dicuntur ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
764 aliquid, inveniuntur aliqua secundum rationem tantum, et non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
765 secundum rem. Quod non est in aliis generibus, quia alia genera, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
766 quantitas et qualitas, secundum propriam rationem significant
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
767 aliquid alicui inhaerens. Ea vero quae dicuntur ad aliquid,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
768 significant secundum propriam rationem solum respectum ad aliud.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
769 Qui quidem respectus aliquando est in ipsa natura rerum; utpote
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
770 quando aliquae res secundum suam naturam ad invicem ordinatae sunt,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
771 et invicem inclinationem habent. Et huiusmodi relationes oportet
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
772 esse reales. Sicut in corpore gravi est inclinatio et ordo ad locum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
773 medium, unde respectus quidam est in ipso gravi respectu loci
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
774 medii. Et similiter est de aliis huiusmodi. Aliquando vero
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
775 respectus significatus per ea quae dicuntur ad aliquid, est tantum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
776 in ipsa apprehensione rationis conferentis unum alteri, et tunc est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
777 relatio rationis tantum; sicut cum comparat ratio hominem animali,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
778 ut speciem ad genus. Cum autem aliquid procedit a principio eiusdem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
779 naturae, necesse est quod ambo, scilicet procedens et id a quo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
780 procedit, in eodem ordine conveniant, et sic oportet quod habeant
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
781 reales respectus ad invicem. Cum igitur processiones in divinis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
782 sint in identitate naturae, ut ostensum est, necesse est quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
783 relationes quae secundum processiones divinas accipiuntur, sint
53
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parents: 28
diff changeset
784 relationes reales.</p><p title="I q. 28 a. 1 ad 1"><a name="29617"><span class="ref">[29617] Iª q. 28 a. 1 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
785 dicendum quod ad aliquid dicitur omnino non praedicari in Deo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
786 secundum propriam rationem eius quod dicitur ad aliquid; inquantum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
787 scilicet propria ratio eius quod ad aliquid dicitur, non accipitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
788 per comparationem ad illud cui inest relatio, sed per respectum ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
789 alterum. Non ergo per hoc excludere voluit quod relatio non esset
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
790 in Deo, sed quod non praedicaretur per modum inhaerentis secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
791 propriam relationis rationem, sed magis per modum ad aliud se
53
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parents: 28
diff changeset
792 habentis.</p><p title="I q. 28 a. 1 ad 2"><a name="29618"><span class="ref">[29618] Iª q. 28 a. 1 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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diff changeset
793 dicendum quod relatio quae importatur per hoc nomen idem, est
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parents: 26
diff changeset
794 relatio rationis tantum, si accipiatur simpliciter idem, quia
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parents: 26
diff changeset
795 huiusmodi relatio non potest consistere nisi in quodam ordine quem
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parents: 26
diff changeset
796 ratio adinvenit alicuius ad seipsum, secundum aliquas eius duas
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parents: 26
diff changeset
797 considerationes. Secus autem est, cum dicuntur aliqua eadem esse,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
798 non in numero, sed in natura generis sive speciei. Boetius igitur
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parents: 26
diff changeset
799 relationes quae sunt in divinis, assimilat relationi identitatis,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
800 non quantum ad omnia, sed quantum ad hoc solum, quod per huiusmodi
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parents: 26
diff changeset
801 relationes non diversificatur substantia, sicut nec per relationem
53
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diff changeset
802 identitatis.</p><p title="I q. 28 a. 1 ad 3"><a name="29619"><span class="ref">[29619] Iª q. 28 a. 1 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
803 dicendum quod, cum creatura procedat a Deo in diversitate naturae,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
804 Deus est extra ordinem totius creaturae, nec ex eius natura est
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parents: 26
diff changeset
805 eius habitudo ad creaturas. Non enim producit creaturas ex
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parents: 26
diff changeset
806 necessitate suae naturae, sed per intellectum et per voluntatem, ut
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parents: 26
diff changeset
807 supra dictum est. Et ideo in Deo non est realis relatio ad
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parents: 26
diff changeset
808 creaturas. Sed in creaturis est realis relatio ad Deum, quia
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parents: 26
diff changeset
809 creaturae continentur sub ordine divino, et in earum natura est
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parents: 26
diff changeset
810 quod dependeant a Deo. Sed processiones divinae sunt in eadem
53
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diff changeset
811 natura. Unde non est similis ratio.</p><p title="I q. 28 a. 1 ad 4"><a name="29620"><span class="ref">[29620] Iª q. 28 a. 1 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
812 dicendum quod relationes quae consequuntur solam operationem
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parents: 26
diff changeset
813 intellectus in ipsis rebus intellectis, sunt relationes rationis
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parents: 26
diff changeset
814 tantum, quia scilicet eas ratio adinvenit inter duas res
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parents: 26
diff changeset
815 intellectas. Sed relationes quae consequuntur operationem
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parents: 26
diff changeset
816 intellectus, quae sunt inter verbum intellectualiter procedens et
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parents: 26
diff changeset
817 illud a quo procedit, non sunt relationes rationis tantum, sed rei,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
818 quia et ipse intellectus et ratio est quaedam res, et comparatur
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parents: 26
diff changeset
819 realiter ad id quod procedit intelligibiliter, sicut res corporalis
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parents: 26
diff changeset
820 ad id quod procedit corporaliter. Et sic paternitas et filiatio
53
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diff changeset
821 sunt relationes reales in divinis.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 2</h3><p title="I q. 28 a. 2 arg. 1"><a name="29621"><span class="ref">[29621] Iª q. 28 a. 2 arg. 1</span></a> Ad secundum sic
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
822 proceditur. Videtur quod relatio in Deo non sit idem quod sua
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parents: 26
diff changeset
823 essentia. Dicit enim Augustinus, in V de Trin., quod <i>non omne
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parents: 26
diff changeset
824 quod dicitur in Deo, dicitur secundum substantiam. Dicitur enim ad
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parents: 26
diff changeset
825 aliquid, sicut pater ad filium, sed haec non secundum substantiam
53
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parents: 28
diff changeset
826 dicuntur</i>. Ergo relatio non est divina essentia.</p><p title="I q. 28 a. 2 arg. 2"><a name="29622"><span class="ref">[29622] Iª q. 28 a. 2 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
827 Augustinus dicit, VII de Trin., <i>omnis res quae relative dicitur,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
828 est etiam aliquid excepto relativo; sicut homo dominus, et homo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
829 servus</i>. Si igitur relationes aliquae sunt in Deo, oportet esse
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parents: 26
diff changeset
830 in Deo aliquid aliud praeter relationes. Sed hoc aliud non potest
53
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diff changeset
831 esse nisi essentia. Ergo essentia est aliud a relationibus.</p><p title="I q. 28 a. 2 arg. 3"><a name="29623"><span class="ref">[29623] Iª q. 28 a. 2 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea, esse
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
832 relativi est ad aliud se habere, ut dicitur in praedicamentis. Si
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parents: 26
diff changeset
833 igitur relatio sit ipsa divina essentia, sequitur quod esse divinae
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parents: 26
diff changeset
834 essentiae sit ad aliud se habere, quod repugnat perfectioni divini
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parents: 26
diff changeset
835 esse, quod est maxime absolutum et per se subsistens, ut supra
53
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diff changeset
836 ostensum est. Non igitur relatio est ipsa essentia divina.</p><p title="I q. 28 a. 2 s. c."><a name="29624"><span class="ref">[29624] Iª q. 28 a. 2 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra, omnis
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
837 res quae non est divina essentia, est creatura. Sed relatio
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parents: 26
diff changeset
838 realiter competit Deo. Si ergo non est divina essentia, erit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
839 creatura, et ita ei non erit adoratio latriae exhibenda, contra
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parents: 26
diff changeset
840 quod in praefatione cantatur, <i>ut in personis proprietas, et in
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
841 maiestate adoretur aequalitas</i>.</p><p title="I q. 28 a. 2 co."><a name="29625"><span class="ref">[29625] Iª q. 28 a. 2 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
842 quod circa hoc dicitur Gilbertus Porretanus errasse, sed errorem
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parents: 26
diff changeset
843 suum postmodum in Remensi Concilio revocasse. Dixit enim quod
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parents: 26
diff changeset
844 relationes in divinis sunt assistentes, sive extrinsecus affixae.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
845 Ad cuius evidentiam, considerandum est quod in quolibet novem
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parents: 26
diff changeset
846 generum accidentis est duo considerare. Quorum unum est esse quod
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parents: 26
diff changeset
847 competit unicuique ipsorum secundum quod est accidens. Et hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
848 communiter in omnibus est inesse subiecto, accidentis enim esse est
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parents: 26
diff changeset
849 inesse. Aliud quod potest considerari in unoquoque, est propria
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parents: 26
diff changeset
850 ratio uniuscuiusque illorum generum. Et in aliis quidem generibus a
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parents: 26
diff changeset
851 relatione, utpote quantitate et qualitate, etiam propria ratio
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parents: 26
diff changeset
852 generis accipitur secundum comparationem ad subiectum, nam
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parents: 26
diff changeset
853 quantitas dicitur mensura substantiae, qualitas vero dispositio
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parents: 26
diff changeset
854 substantiae. Sed ratio propria relationis non accipitur secundum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
855 comparationem ad illud in quo est, sed secundum comparationem ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
856 aliquid extra. Si igitur consideremus, etiam in rebus creatis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
857 relationes secundum id quod relationes sunt, sic inveniuntur esse
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parents: 26
diff changeset
858 assistentes, non intrinsecus affixae; quasi significantes respectum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
859 quodammodo contingentem ipsam rem relatam, prout ab ea tendit in
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parents: 26
diff changeset
860 alterum. Si vero consideretur relatio secundum quod est accidens,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
861 sic est inhaerens subiecto, et habens esse accidentale in ipso. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
862 Gilbertus Porretanus consideravit relationem primo modo tantum.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
863 Quidquid autem in rebus creatis habet esse accidentale, secundum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
864 quod transfertur in Deum, habet esse substantiale, nihil enim est
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parents: 26
diff changeset
865 in Deo ut accidens in subiecto, sed quidquid est in Deo, est eius
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parents: 26
diff changeset
866 essentia. Sic igitur ex ea parte qua relatio in rebus creatis habet
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parents: 26
diff changeset
867 esse accidentale in subiecto, relatio realiter existens in Deo
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parents: 26
diff changeset
868 habet esse essentiae divinae, idem omnino ei existens. In hoc vero
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
869 quod ad aliquid dicitur, non significatur aliqua habitudo ad
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parents: 26
diff changeset
870 essentiam, sed magis ad suum oppositum. Et sic manifestum est quod
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parents: 26
diff changeset
871 relatio realiter existens in Deo, est idem essentiae secundum rem;
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
872 et non differt nisi secundum intelligentiae rationem, prout in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
873 relatione importatur respectus ad suum oppositum, qui non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
874 importatur in nomine essentiae. Patet ergo quod in Deo non est
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
875 aliud esse relationis et esse essentiae, sed unum et idem.</p><p title="I q. 28 a. 2 ad 1"><a name="29626"><span class="ref">[29626] Iª q. 28 a. 2 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
876 dicendum quod verba illa Augustini non pertinent ad hoc, quod
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parents: 26
diff changeset
877 paternitas, vel alia relatio quae est in Deo, secundum esse suum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
878 non sit idem quod divina essentia; sed quod non praedicatur
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parents: 26
diff changeset
879 secundum modum substantiae, ut existens in eo de quo dicitur, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
880 ut ad alterum se habens. Et propter hoc dicuntur duo tantum esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
881 praedicamenta in divinis. Quia alia praedicamenta important
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
882 habitudinem ad id de quo dicuntur, tam secundum suum esse, quam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
883 secundum proprii generis rationem, nihil autem quod est in Deo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
884 potest habere habitudinem ad id in quo est, vel de quo dicitur,
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
885 nisi habitudinem identitatis, propter summam Dei simplicitatem.</p><p title="I q. 28 a. 2 ad 2"><a name="29627"><span class="ref">[29627] Iª q. 28 a. 2 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
886 dicendum quod, sicut in rebus creatis, in illo quod dicitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
887 relative, non solum est invenire respectum ad alterum, sed etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
888 aliquid absolutum, ita et in Deo, sed tamen aliter et aliter. Nam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
889 id quod invenitur in creatura praeter id quod continetur sub
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
890 significatione nominis relativi, est alia res, in Deo autem non est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
891 alia res, sed una et eadem, quae non perfecte exprimitur relationis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
892 nomine, quasi sub significatione talis nominis comprehensa. Dictum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
893 est enim supra, cum de divinis nominibus agebatur, quod plus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
894 continetur in perfectione divinae essentiae, quam aliquo nomine
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
895 significari possit. Unde non sequitur quod in Deo, praeter
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
896 relationem, sit aliquid aliud secundum rem; sed solum considerata
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
897 nominum ratione.</p><p title="I q. 28 a. 2 ad 3"><a name="29628"><span class="ref">[29628] Iª q. 28 a. 2 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
898 dicendum quod, si in perfectione divina nihil plus contineretur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
899 quam quod significat nomen relativum, sequeretur quod esse eius
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
900 esset imperfectum, utpote ad aliquid aliud se habens, sicut si non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
901 contineretur ibi plus quam quod nomine sapientiae significatur, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
902 esset aliquid subsistens. Sed quia divinae essentiae perfectio est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
903 maior quam quod significatione alicuius nominis comprehendi possit,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
904 non sequitur, si nomen relativum, vel quodcumque aliud nomen dictum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
905 de Deo, non significat aliquid perfectum, quod divina essentia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
906 habeat esse imperfectum, quia divina essentia comprehendit in se
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
907 omnium generum perfectionem, ut supra dictum est.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 3</h3><p title="I q. 28 a. 3 arg. 1"><a name="29629"><span class="ref">[29629] Iª q. 28 a. 3 arg. 1</span></a> Ad tertium sic
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
908 proceditur. Videtur quod relationes quae sunt in Deo, realiter ab
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
909 invicem non distinguantur. Quaecumque enim uni et eidem sunt eadem,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
910 sibi invicem sunt eadem. Sed omnis relatio in Deo existens est idem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
911 secundum rem cum divina essentia. Ergo relationes secundum rem ab
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
912 invicem non distinguuntur.</p><p title="I q. 28 a. 3 arg. 2"><a name="29630"><span class="ref">[29630] Iª q. 28 a. 3 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea, sicut
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
913 paternitas et filiatio secundum nominis rationem distinguuntur ab
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
914 essentia divina, ita et bonitas et potentia. Sed propter huiusmodi
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parents: 26
diff changeset
915 rationis distinctionem non est aliqua realis distinctio bonitatis
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
916 et potentiae divinae. Ergo neque paternitatis et filiationis.</p><p title="I q. 28 a. 3 arg. 3"><a name="29631"><span class="ref">[29631] Iª q. 28 a. 3 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea, in
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
917 divinis non est distinctio realis nisi secundum originem. Sed una
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
918 relatio non videtur oriri ex alia. Ergo relationes non
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
919 distinguuntur realiter ab invicem.</p><p title="I q. 28 a. 3 s. c."><a name="29632"><span class="ref">[29632] Iª q. 28 a. 3 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
920 quod dicit Boetius, in libro de Trin., quod <i>substantia in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
921 divinis continet unitatem, relatio multiplicat Trinitatem</i>. Si
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
922 ergo relationes non distinguuntur ab invicem realiter, non erit in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
923 divinis Trinitas realis, sed rationis tantum, quod est Sabelliani
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
924 erroris.</p><p title="I q. 28 a. 3 co."><a name="29633"><span class="ref">[29633] Iª q. 28 a. 3 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
925 quod ex eo quod aliquid alicui attribuitur, oportet quod
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parents: 26
diff changeset
926 attribuantur ei omnia quae sunt de ratione illius, sicut cuicumque
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parents: 26
diff changeset
927 attribuitur homo, oportet quod attribuatur ei esse rationale. De
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parents: 26
diff changeset
928 ratione autem relationis est respectus unius ad alterum, secundum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
929 quem aliquid alteri opponitur relative. Cum igitur in Deo realiter
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parents: 26
diff changeset
930 sit relatio, ut dictum est, oportet quod realiter sit ibi
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parents: 26
diff changeset
931 oppositio. Relativa autem oppositio in sui ratione includit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
932 distinctionem. Unde oportet quod in Deo sit realis distinctio, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
933 quidem secundum rem absolutam, quae est essentia, in qua est summa
53
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parents: 28
diff changeset
934 unitas et simplicitas; sed secundum rem relativam.</p><p title="I q. 28 a. 3 ad 1"><a name="29634"><span class="ref">[29634] Iª q. 28 a. 3 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
935 dicendum quod, secundum philosophum in III Physic., argumentum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
936 illud tenet, quod quaecumque uni et eidem sunt eadem, sibi invicem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
937 sunt eadem, in his quae sunt idem re et ratione, sicut tunica et
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parents: 26
diff changeset
938 indumentum, non autem in his quae differunt ratione. Unde ibidem
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parents: 26
diff changeset
939 dicit quod, licet actio sit idem motui, similiter et passio, non
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parents: 26
diff changeset
940 tamen sequitur quod actio et passio sint idem, quia in actione
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parents: 26
diff changeset
941 importatur respectus ut a quo est motus in mobili, in passione vero
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parents: 26
diff changeset
942 ut qui est ab alio. Et similiter, licet paternitas sit idem
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parents: 26
diff changeset
943 secundum rem cum essentia divina, et similiter filiatio, tamen haec
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
944 duo in suis propriis rationibus important oppositos respectus. Unde
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
945 distinguuntur ab invicem.</p><p title="I q. 28 a. 3 ad 2"><a name="29635"><span class="ref">[29635] Iª q. 28 a. 3 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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diff changeset
946 dicendum quod potentia et bonitas non important in suis rationibus
53
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diff changeset
947 aliquam oppositionem, unde non est similis ratio.</p><p title="I q. 28 a. 3 ad 3"><a name="29636"><span class="ref">[29636] Iª q. 28 a. 3 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
948 dicendum quod, quamvis relationes, proprie loquendo, non oriantur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
949 vel procedant ab invicem, tamen accipiuntur per oppositum secundum
53
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diff changeset
950 processionem alicuius ab alio.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 4</h3><p title="I q. 28 a. 4 arg. 1"><a name="29637"><span class="ref">[29637] Iª q. 28 a. 4 arg. 1</span></a> Ad quartum sic
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
951 proceditur. Videtur quod in Deo non sint tantum quatuor relationes
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
952 reales, scilicet paternitas, filiatio, spiratio et processio. Est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
953 enim considerare in Deo relationes intelligentis ad intellectum, et
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parents: 26
diff changeset
954 volentis ad volitum, quae videntur esse relationes reales, neque
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
955 sub praedictis continentur. Non ergo sunt solum quatuor relationes
53
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parents: 28
diff changeset
956 reales in Deo.</p><p title="I q. 28 a. 4 arg. 2"><a name="29638"><span class="ref">[29638] Iª q. 28 a. 4 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
957 relationes reales accipiuntur in Deo secundum processionem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
958 intelligibilem verbi. Sed relationes intelligibiles multiplicantur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
959 in infinitum, ut Avicenna dicit. Ergo in Deo sunt infinitae
53
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diff changeset
960 relationes reales.</p><p title="I q. 28 a. 4 arg. 3"><a name="29639"><span class="ref">[29639] Iª q. 28 a. 4 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea, ideae
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
961 sunt in Deo ab aeterno, ut supra dictum est. Non autem
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parents: 26
diff changeset
962 distinguuntur ab invicem nisi secundum respectum ad res, ut supra
53
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diff changeset
963 dictum est. Ergo in Deo sunt multo plures relationes aeternae.</p><p title="I q. 28 a. 4 arg. 4"><a name="29640"><span class="ref">[29640] Iª q. 28 a. 4 arg. 4</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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diff changeset
964 aequalitas et similitudo et identitas sunt relationes quaedam; et
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diff changeset
965 sunt in Deo ab aeterno. Ergo plures relationes sunt ab aeterno in
53
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diff changeset
966 Deo, quam quae dictae sunt.</p><p title="I q. 28 a. 4 s. c."><a name="29641"><span class="ref">[29641] Iª q. 28 a. 4 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra,
28
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diff changeset
967 videtur quod sint pauciores. Quia secundum philosophum, in III
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
968 Physic., <i>eadem via est de Athenis ad Thebas, et de Thebis ad
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diff changeset
969 Athenas</i>. Ergo videtur quod pari ratione eadem sit relatio de
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parents: 26
diff changeset
970 patre ad filium, quae dicitur paternitas, et de filio ad patrem,
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diff changeset
971 quae dicitur filiatio. Et sic non sunt quatuor relationes in
53
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diff changeset
972 Deo.</p><p title="I q. 28 a. 4 co."><a name="29642"><span class="ref">[29642] Iª q. 28 a. 4 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
28
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diff changeset
973 quod, secundum philosophum, in V Metaphys., relatio omnis fundatur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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diff changeset
974 vel supra quantitatem, ut duplum et dimidium; vel supra actionem et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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diff changeset
975 passionem, ut faciens et factum, pater et filius, dominus et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
976 servus, et huiusmodi. Cum autem quantitas non sit in Deo (est enim
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parents: 26
diff changeset
977 sine quantitate magnus, ut dicit Augustinus). Relinquitur ergo quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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diff changeset
978 realis relatio in Deo esse non possit, nisi super actionem fundata.
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diff changeset
979 Non autem super actiones secundum quas procedit aliquid extrinsecum
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diff changeset
980 a Deo, quia relationes Dei ad creaturas non sunt realiter in ipso,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
981 ut supra dictum est. Unde relinquitur quod relationes reales in Deo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
982 non possunt accipi, nisi secundum actiones secundum quas est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
983 processio in Deo, non extra, sed intra. Huiusmodi autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
984 processiones sunt duae tantum, ut supra dictum est, quarum una
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
985 accipitur secundum actionem intellectus, quae est processio verbi;
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diff changeset
986 alia secundum actionem voluntatis, quae est processio amoris.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
987 Secundum quamlibet autem processionem oportet duas accipere
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parents: 26
diff changeset
988 relationes oppositas, quarum una sit procedentis a principio, et
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parents: 26
diff changeset
989 alia ipsius principii. Processio autem verbi dicitur generatio,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
990 secundum propriam rationem qua competit rebus viventibus. Relatio
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
991 autem principii generationis in viventibus perfectis dicitur
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parents: 26
diff changeset
992 paternitas, relatio vero procedentis a principio dicitur filiatio.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
993 Processio vero amoris non habet nomen proprium, ut supra dictum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
994 est, unde neque relationes quae secundum ipsam accipiuntur. Sed
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parents: 26
diff changeset
995 vocatur relatio principii huius processionis spiratio; relatio
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parents: 26
diff changeset
996 autem procedentis, processio; quamvis haec duo nomina ad ipsas
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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diff changeset
997 processiones vel origines pertineant, et non ad relationes.</p><p title="I q. 28 a. 4 ad 1"><a name="29643"><span class="ref">[29643] Iª q. 28 a. 4 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
998 dicendum quod in his in quibus differt intellectus et intellectum,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
999 volens et volitum, potest esse realis relatio et scientiae ad rem
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1000 scitam, et volentis ad rem volitam. Sed in Deo est idem omnino
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1001 intellectus et intellectum, quia intelligendo se intelligit omnia
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1002 alia, et eadem ratione voluntas et volitum. Unde in Deo huiusmodi
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1003 relationes non sunt reales, sicut neque relatio eiusdem ad idem.
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diff changeset
1004 Sed tamen relatio ad verbum est realis, quia verbum intelligitur ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1005 procedens per actionem intelligibilem, non autem ut res intellecta.
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diff changeset
1006 Cum enim intelligimus lapidem, id quod ex re intellecta concipit
53
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parents: 28
diff changeset
1007 intellectus, vocatur verbum.</p><p title="I q. 28 a. 4 ad 2"><a name="29644"><span class="ref">[29644] Iª q. 28 a. 4 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1008 dicendum quod in nobis relationes intelligibiles in infinitum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1009 multiplicantur, quia alio actu intelligit homo lapidem, et alio
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1010 actu intelligit se intelligere lapidem, et alio etiam intelligit
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1011 hoc intelligere, et sic in infinitum multiplicantur actus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1012 intelligendi, et per consequens relationes intellectae. Sed hoc in
53
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diff changeset
1013 Deo non habet locum, quia uno actu tantum omnia intelligit.</p><p title="I q. 28 a. 4 ad 3"><a name="29645"><span class="ref">[29645] Iª q. 28 a. 4 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1014 dicendum quod respectus ideales sunt ut intellecti a Deo. Unde ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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diff changeset
1015 eorum pluralitate non sequitur quod sint plures relationes in Deo,
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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diff changeset
1016 sed quod Deus cognoscat plures relationes.</p><p title="I q. 28 a. 4 ad 4"><a name="29646"><span class="ref">[29646] Iª q. 28 a. 4 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1017 dicendum quod aequalitas et similitudo in Deo non sunt relationes
53
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diff changeset
1018 reales, sed rationis tantum, ut infra patebit.</p><p title="I q. 28 a. 4 ad 5"><a name="29647"><span class="ref">[29647] Iª q. 28 a. 4 ad 5</span></a> Ad quintum
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1019 dicendum quod via est eadem ab uno termino ad alterum, et e
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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diff changeset
1020 converso; sed tamen respectus sunt diversi. Unde ex hoc non potest
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diff changeset
1021 concludi quod eadem sit relatio patris ad filium, et e converso,
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diff changeset
1022 sed posset hoc concludi de aliquo absoluto, si esset medium inter
53
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diff changeset
1023 ea.</p></div></div><div class="q" id="q29"><h2>Quaestio 29</h2><div class="p"><h3>Prooemium</h3><p title="I q. 29 pr."><a name="29648"><span class="ref">[29648]
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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diff changeset
1024 Iª q. 29 pr.</span></a> Praemissis autem his quae de
28
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diff changeset
1025 processionibus et relationibus praecognoscenda videbantur,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1026 necessarium est aggredi de personis. Et primo, secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1027 considerationem absolutam; et deinde secundum comparativam
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1028 considerationem. Oportet autem absolute de personis, primo quidem
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1029 in communi considerare; deinde de singulis personis. Ad communem
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1030 autem considerationem personarum quatuor pertinere videntur, primo
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1031 quidem, significatio huius nominis persona; secundo vero, numerus
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1032 personarum; tertio, ea quae consequuntur numerum personarum, vel ei
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1033 opponuntur, ut diversitas et solitudo, et huiusmodi; quarto vero,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1034 ea quae pertinent ad notitiam personarum. Circa primum quaeruntur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1035 quatuor. Primo, de definitione personae. Secundo, de comparatione
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1036 personae ad essentiam, subsistentiam et hypostasim. Tertio, utrum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1037 nomen personae competat in divinis. Quarto, quid ibi
53
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parents: 28
diff changeset
1038 significet.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 1</h3><p title="I q. 29 a. 1 arg. 1"><a name="29649"><span class="ref">[29649] Iª q. 29 a. 1 arg. 1</span></a> Ad primum sic
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1039 proceditur. Videtur quod incompetens sit definitio personae quam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1040 Boetius assignat in libro de duabus naturis, quae talis est,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1041 <i>persona est rationalis naturae individua substantia</i>. Nullum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1042 enim singulare definitur. Sed persona significat quoddam singulare.
53
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parents: 28
diff changeset
1043 Ergo persona inconvenienter definitur.</p><p title="I q. 29 a. 1 arg. 2"><a name="29650"><span class="ref">[29650] Iª q. 29 a. 1 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1044 substantia, prout ponitur in definitione personae, aut sumitur pro
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1045 substantia prima, aut pro substantia secunda. Si pro substantia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1046 prima, superflue additur individua, quia substantia prima est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1047 substantia individua. Si vero stat pro substantia secunda, falso
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1048 additur, et est oppositio in adiecto, nam secundae substantiae
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
1049 dicuntur genera vel species. Ergo definitio est male assignata.</p><p title="I q. 29 a. 1 arg. 3"><a name="29651"><span class="ref">[29651] Iª q. 29 a. 1 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea, nomen
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1050 intentionis non debet poni in definitione rei. Non enim esset bona
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1051 assignatio, si quis diceret, homo est species animalis, homo enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1052 est nomen rei, et species est nomen intentionis. Cum igitur persona
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1053 sit nomen rei (significat enim substantiam quandam rationalis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1054 naturae), inconvenienter individuum, quod est nomen intentionis, in
53
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parents: 28
diff changeset
1055 eius definitione ponitur.</p><p title="I q. 29 a. 1 arg. 4"><a name="29652"><span class="ref">[29652] Iª q. 29 a. 1 arg. 4</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1056 natura est principium motus et quietis in eo in quo est per se et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1057 non per accidens, ut dicitur in II Physic. Sed persona est in rebus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1058 immobilibus, sicut in Deo et in Angelis. Non ergo in definitione
53
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diff changeset
1059 personae debuit poni natura, sed magis essentia.</p><p title="I q. 29 a. 1 arg. 5"><a name="29653"><span class="ref">[29653] Iª q. 29 a. 1 arg. 5</span></a> Praeterea, anima
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1060 separata est rationalis naturae individua substantia. Non autem est
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
1061 persona. Inconvenienter ergo persona sic definitur.</p><p title="I q. 29 a. 1 co."><a name="29654"><span class="ref">[29654] Iª q. 29 a. 1 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1062 quod, licet universale et particulare inveniantur in omnibus
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1063 generibus, tamen speciali quodam modo individuum invenitur in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1064 genere substantiae. Substantia enim individuatur per seipsam, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1065 accidentia individuantur per subiectum, quod est substantia,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1066 dicitur enim haec albedo, inquantum est in hoc subiecto. Unde etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1067 convenienter individua substantiae habent aliquod speciale nomen
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1068 prae aliis, dicuntur enim hypostases, vel primae substantiae. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1069 adhuc quodam specialiori et perfectiori modo invenitur particulare
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1070 et individuum in substantiis rationalibus, quae habent dominium sui
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1071 actus, et non solum aguntur, sicut alia, sed per se agunt, actiones
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1072 autem in singularibus sunt. Et ideo etiam inter ceteras substantias
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1073 quoddam speciale nomen habent singularia rationalis naturae. Et hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1074 nomen est persona. Et ideo in praedicta definitione personae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1075 ponitur substantia individua, inquantum significat singulare in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1076 genere substantiae, additur autem rationalis naturae, inquantum
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
1077 significat singulare in rationalibus substantiis.</p><p title="I q. 29 a. 1 ad 1"><a name="29655"><span class="ref">[29655] Iª q. 29 a. 1 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1078 dicendum quod, licet hoc singulare vel illud definiri non possit,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1079 tamen id quod pertinet ad communem rationem singularitatis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1080 definiri potest, et sic philosophus definit substantiam primam. Et
53
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parents: 28
diff changeset
1081 hoc modo definit Boetius personam.</p><p title="I q. 29 a. 1 ad 2"><a name="29656"><span class="ref">[29656] Iª q. 29 a. 1 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1082 dicendum quod, secundum quosdam, substantia in definitione personae
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1083 ponitur pro substantia prima, quae est hypostasis. Neque tamen
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1084 superflue additur individua. Quia nomine hypostasis vel substantiae
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1085 primae, excluditur ratio universalis et partis (non enim dicimus
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1086 quod homo communis sit hypostasis, neque etiam manus, cum sit
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1087 pars), sed per hoc quod additur individuum, excluditur a persona
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1088 ratio assumptibilis; humana enim natura in Christo non est persona,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1089 quia est assumpta a digniori, scilicet a verbo Dei. Sed melius
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1090 dicendum est quod substantia accipitur communiter, prout dividitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1091 per primam et secundam, et per hoc quod additur individua, trahitur
53
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diff changeset
1092 ad standum pro substantia prima.</p><p title="I q. 29 a. 1 ad 3"><a name="29657"><span class="ref">[29657] Iª q. 29 a. 1 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1093 dicendum quod, quia substantiales differentiae non sunt nobis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1094 notae, vel etiam nominatae non sunt, oportet interdum uti
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1095 differentiis accidentalibus loco substantialium, puta si quis
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diff changeset
1096 diceret, ignis est corpus simplex, calidum et siccum, accidentia
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diff changeset
1097 enim propria sunt effectus formarum substantialium, et manifestant
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1098 eas. Et similiter nomina intentionum possunt accipi ad definiendum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1099 res, secundum quod accipiuntur pro aliquibus nominibus rerum quae
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1100 non sunt posita. Et sic hoc nomen individuum ponitur in definitione
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diff changeset
1101 personae, ad designandum modum subsistendi qui competit substantiis
53
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1102 particularibus.</p><p title="I q. 29 a. 1 ad 4"><a name="29658"><span class="ref">[29658] Iª q. 29 a. 1 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
28
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diff changeset
1103 dicendum quod, secundum philosophum, in V Metaphys., nomen naturae
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diff changeset
1104 primo impositum est ad significandam generationem viventium, quae
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1105 dicitur nativitas. Et quia huiusmodi generatio est a principio
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diff changeset
1106 intrinseco, extensum est hoc nomen ad significandum principium
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1107 intrinsecum cuiuscumque motus. Et sic definitur natura in II
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diff changeset
1108 Physic. Et quia huiusmodi principium est formale vel materiale,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1109 communiter tam materia quam forma dicitur natura. Et quia per
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diff changeset
1110 formam completur essentia uniuscuiusque rei, communiter essentia
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diff changeset
1111 uniuscuiusque rei, quam significat eius definitio, vocatur natura.
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diff changeset
1112 Et sic accipitur hic natura. Unde Boetius in eodem libro dicit quod
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diff changeset
1113 <i>natura est unumquodque informans specifica differentia</i>,
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diff changeset
1114 specifica enim differentia est quae complet definitionem, et
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diff changeset
1115 sumitur a propria forma rei. Et ideo convenientius fuit quod in
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diff changeset
1116 definitione personae, quae est singulare alicuius generis
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diff changeset
1117 determinati, uteretur nomine naturae, quam essentiae, quae sumitur
53
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diff changeset
1118 ab esse, quod est communissimum.</p><p title="I q. 29 a. 1 ad 5"><a name="29659"><span class="ref">[29659] Iª q. 29 a. 1 ad 5</span></a> Ad quintum
28
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diff changeset
1119 dicendum quod anima est pars humanae speciei, et ideo, licet sit
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diff changeset
1120 separata, quia tamen retinet naturam unibilitatis, non potest dici
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diff changeset
1121 substantia individua quae est hypostasis vel substantia prima;
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1122 sicut nec manus, nec quaecumque alia partium hominis. Et sic non
53
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1123 competit ei neque definitio personae, neque nomen.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 2</h3><p title="I q. 29 a. 2 arg. 1"><a name="29660"><span class="ref">[29660] Iª q. 29 a. 2 arg. 1</span></a> Ad secundum sic
28
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diff changeset
1124 proceditur. Videtur quod persona sit idem quod hypostasis,
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diff changeset
1125 subsistentia et essentia. Dicit enim Boetius, in libro de Duab.
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diff changeset
1126 Natur., quod <i>Graeci naturae rationalis individuam substantiam
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diff changeset
1127 hypostaseos nomine vocaverunt</i>. Sed hoc etiam, apud nos,
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diff changeset
1128 significat nomen personae. Ergo persona omnino idem est quod
53
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diff changeset
1129 hypostasis.</p><p title="I q. 29 a. 2 arg. 2"><a name="29661"><span class="ref">[29661] Iª q. 29 a. 2 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea, sicut
28
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diff changeset
1130 in divinis dicimus tres personas, ita in divinis dicimus tres
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diff changeset
1131 subsistentias, quod non esset, nisi persona et subsistentia idem
53
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diff changeset
1132 significarent. Ergo idem significant persona et subsistentia.</p><p title="I q. 29 a. 2 arg. 3"><a name="29662"><span class="ref">[29662] Iª q. 29 a. 2 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1133 Boetius dicit, in commento praedicamentorum, quod usia, quod est
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diff changeset
1134 idem quod essentia, significat compositum ex materia et forma. Id
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1135 autem quod est compositum ex materia et forma, est individuum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1136 substantiae, quod et hypostasis et persona dicitur. Ergo omnia
53
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diff changeset
1137 praedicta nomina idem significare videntur.</p><p title="I q. 29 a. 2 s. c. 1"><a name="29663"><span class="ref">[29663] Iª q. 29 a. 2 s. c. 1</span></a> Sed contra est
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1138 quod Boetius dicit, in libro de Duab. Natur., quod <i>genera et
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diff changeset
1139 species subsistunt tantum; individua vero non modo subsistunt,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1140 verum etiam substant</i>. Sed a subsistendo dicuntur subsistentiae,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1141 sicut a substando substantiae vel hypostases. Cum igitur esse
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diff changeset
1142 hypostases vel personas non conveniat generibus vel speciebus,
53
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diff changeset
1143 hypostases vel personae non sunt idem quod subsistentiae.</p><p title="I q. 29 a. 2 s. c. 2"><a name="29664"><span class="ref">[29664] Iª q. 29 a. 2 s. c. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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diff changeset
1144 Boetius dicit, in commento praedicamentorum, quod hypostasis
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diff changeset
1145 dicitur materia, usiosis autem, idest subsistentia, dicitur forma.
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diff changeset
1146 Sed neque forma neque materia potest dici persona. Ergo persona
53
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diff changeset
1147 differt a praedictis.</p><p title="I q. 29 a. 2 co."><a name="29665"><span class="ref">[29665] Iª q. 29 a. 2 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1148 quod, secundum philosophum, in V Metaphys., substantia dicitur
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diff changeset
1149 dupliciter. Uno modo dicitur substantia quidditas rei, quam
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1150 significat definitio, secundum quod dicimus quod definitio
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diff changeset
1151 significat substantiam rei, quam quidem substantiam Graeci usiam
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diff changeset
1152 vocant, quod nos essentiam dicere possumus. Alio modo dicitur
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1153 substantia subiectum vel suppositum quod subsistit in genere
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diff changeset
1154 substantiae. Et hoc quidem, communiter accipiendo, nominari potest
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diff changeset
1155 et nomine significante intentionem, et sic dicitur suppositum.
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diff changeset
1156 Nominatur etiam tribus nominibus significantibus rem, quae quidem
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diff changeset
1157 sunt res naturae, subsistentia et hypostasis, secundum triplicem
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diff changeset
1158 considerationem substantiae sic dictae. Secundum enim quod per se
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diff changeset
1159 existit et non in alio, vocatur subsistentia, illa enim subsistere
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diff changeset
1160 dicimus, quae non in alio, sed in se existunt. Secundum vero quod
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diff changeset
1161 supponitur alicui naturae communi, sic dicitur res naturae; sicut
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diff changeset
1162 hic homo est res naturae humanae. Secundum vero quod supponitur
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1163 accidentibus, dicitur hypostasis vel substantia. Quod autem haec
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diff changeset
1164 tria nomina significant communiter in toto genere substantiarum,
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diff changeset
1165 hoc nomen persona significat in genere rationalium
53
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diff changeset
1166 substantiarum.</p><p title="I q. 29 a. 2 ad 1"><a name="29666"><span class="ref">[29666] Iª q. 29 a. 2 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28
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diff changeset
1167 dicendum quod hypostasis, apud Graecos, ex propria significatione
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diff changeset
1168 nominis habet quod significet quodcumque individuum substantiae,
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diff changeset
1169 sed ex usu loquendi habet quod sumatur pro individuo rationalis
53
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diff changeset
1170 naturae, ratione suae excellentiae.</p><p title="I q. 29 a. 2 ad 2"><a name="29667"><span class="ref">[29667] Iª q. 29 a. 2 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
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diff changeset
1171 dicendum quod, sicut nos dicimus in divinis pluraliter tres
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diff changeset
1172 personas et tres subsistentias, ita Graeci dicunt tres hypostases.
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diff changeset
1173 Sed quia nomen substantiae, quod secundum proprietatem
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diff changeset
1174 significationis respondet hypostasi, aequivocatur apud nos, cum
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diff changeset
1175 quandoque significet essentiam, quandoque hypostasim; ne possit
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diff changeset
1176 esse erroris occasio, maluerunt pro hypostasi transferre
53
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diff changeset
1177 subsistentiam, quam substantiam.</p><p title="I q. 29 a. 2 ad 3"><a name="29668"><span class="ref">[29668] Iª q. 29 a. 2 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
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diff changeset
1178 dicendum quod essentia proprie est id quod significatur per
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diff changeset
1179 definitionem. Definitio autem complectitur principia speciei, non
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diff changeset
1180 autem principia individualia. Unde in rebus compositis ex materia
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diff changeset
1181 et forma, essentia significat non solum formam, nec solum materiam,
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diff changeset
1182 sed compositum ex materia et forma communi, prout sunt principia
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diff changeset
1183 speciei. Sed compositum ex hac materia et ex hac forma, habet
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diff changeset
1184 rationem hypostasis et personae, anima enim et caro et os sunt de
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diff changeset
1185 ratione hominis, sed haec anima et haec caro et hoc os sunt de
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diff changeset
1186 ratione huius hominis. Et ideo hypostasis et persona addunt supra
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diff changeset
1187 rationem essentiae principia individualia; neque sunt idem cum
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diff changeset
1188 essentia in compositis ex materia et forma, ut supra dictum est,
53
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diff changeset
1189 cum de simplicitate divina ageretur.</p><p title="I q. 29 a. 2 ad 4"><a name="29669"><span class="ref">[29669] Iª q. 29 a. 2 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
28
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diff changeset
1190 dicendum quod Boetius dicit genera et species subsistere, inquantum
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diff changeset
1191 individuis aliquibus competit subsistere, ex eo quod sunt sub
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1192 generibus et speciebus in praedicamento substantiae comprehensis,
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diff changeset
1193 non quod ipsae species vel genera subsistant, nisi secundum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1194 opinionem Platonis, qui posuit species rerum separatim subsistere a
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diff changeset
1195 singularibus. Substare vero competit eisdem individuis in ordine ad
53
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diff changeset
1196 accidentia, quae sunt praeter rationem generum et specierum.</p><p title="I q. 29 a. 2 ad 5"><a name="29670"><span class="ref">[29670] Iª q. 29 a. 2 ad 5</span></a> Ad quintum
28
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diff changeset
1197 dicendum quod individuum compositum ex materia et forma, habet quod
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1198 substet accidenti, ex proprietate materiae. Unde et Boetius dicit,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1199 in libro de Trin., <i>forma simplex subiectum esse non potest</i>.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1200 Sed quod per se subsistat, habet ex proprietate suae formae, quae
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1201 non advenit rei subsistenti, sed dat esse actuale materiae, ut sic
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1202 individuum subsistere possit. Propter hoc ergo hypostasim attribuit
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diff changeset
1203 materiae, et usiosim, sive subsistentiam, formae, quia materia est
53
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diff changeset
1204 principium substandi, et forma est principium subsistendi.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 3</h3><p title="I q. 29 a. 3 arg. 1"><a name="29671"><span class="ref">[29671] Iª q. 29 a. 3 arg. 1</span></a> Ad tertium sic
28
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diff changeset
1205 proceditur. Videtur quod nomen personae non sit ponendum in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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diff changeset
1206 divinis. Dicit enim Dionysius, in principio de Div. Nom.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1207 <i>universaliter non est audendum aliquid dicere nec cogitare de
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diff changeset
1208 supersubstantiali occulta divinitate, praeter ea quae divinitus
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diff changeset
1209 nobis ex sanctis eloquiis sunt expressa</i>. Sed nomen personae non
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diff changeset
1210 exprimitur nobis in sacra Scriptura novi vel veteris testamenti.
53
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diff changeset
1211 Ergo non est nomine personae utendum in divinis.</p><p title="I q. 29 a. 3 arg. 2"><a name="29672"><span class="ref">[29672] Iª q. 29 a. 3 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1212 Boetius dicit, in libro de Duab. Natur., <i>nomen personae videtur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1213 traductum ex his personis quae in comoediis tragoediisque homines
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1214 repraesentabant; persona enim dicta est a personando, quia
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1215 concavitate ipsa maior necesse est ut volvatur sonus. Graeci vero
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1216 has personas prosopa vocant, ab eo quod ponantur in facie, atque
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1217 ante oculos obtegant vultum</i>. Sed hoc non potest competere in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1218 divinis, nisi forte secundum metaphoram. Ergo nomen personae non
53
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diff changeset
1219 dicitur de Deo nisi metaphorice.</p><p title="I q. 29 a. 3 arg. 3"><a name="29673"><span class="ref">[29673] Iª q. 29 a. 3 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea, omnis
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1220 persona est hypostasis. Sed nomen hypostasis non videtur Deo
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1221 competere, cum, secundum Boetium, significet id quod subiicitur
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1222 accidentibus, quae in Deo non sunt. Hieronymus etiam dicit quod in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1223 hoc nomine hypostasis, venenum latet sub melle. Ergo hoc nomen
53
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diff changeset
1224 persona non est dicendum de Deo.</p><p title="I q. 29 a. 3 arg. 4"><a name="29674"><span class="ref">[29674] Iª q. 29 a. 3 arg. 4</span></a> Praeterea, a
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1225 quocumque removetur definitio, et definitum. Sed definitio personae
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1226 supra posita non videtur Deo competere. Tum quia ratio importat
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1227 discursivam cognitionem, quae non competit Deo, ut supra ostensum
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diff changeset
1228 est, et sic Deus non potest dici rationalis naturae. Tum etiam quia
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diff changeset
1229 Deus dici non potest individua substantia, cum principium
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1230 individuationis sit materia, Deus autem immaterialis est; neque
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diff changeset
1231 etiam accidentibus substat, ut substantia dici possit. Nomen ergo
53
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diff changeset
1232 personae Deo attribui non debet.</p><p title="I q. 29 a. 3 s. c."><a name="29675"><span class="ref">[29675] Iª q. 29 a. 3 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28
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diff changeset
1233 quod dicitur in symbolo Athanasii, <i>alia est persona patris, alia
53
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diff changeset
1234 filii, alia spiritus sancti</i>.</p><p title="I q. 29 a. 3 co."><a name="29676"><span class="ref">[29676] Iª q. 29 a. 3 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
28
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diff changeset
1235 quod persona significat id quod est perfectissimum in tota natura,
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diff changeset
1236 scilicet subsistens in rationali natura. Unde, cum omne illud quod
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diff changeset
1237 est perfectionis, Deo sit attribuendum, eo quod eius essentia
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1238 continet in se omnem perfectionem; conveniens est ut hoc nomen
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1239 persona de Deo dicatur. Non tamen eodem modo quo dicitur de
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1240 creaturis, sed excellentiori modo; sicut et alia nomina quae,
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diff changeset
1241 creaturis a nobis imposita, Deo attribuuntur; sicut supra ostensum
53
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diff changeset
1242 est, cum de divinis nominibus ageretur.</p><p title="I q. 29 a. 3 ad 1"><a name="29677"><span class="ref">[29677] Iª q. 29 a. 3 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1243 dicendum quod, licet nomen personae in Scriptura veteris vel novi
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1244 testamenti non inveniatur dictum de Deo, tamen id quod nomen
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1245 significat, multipliciter in sacra Scriptura invenitur assertum de
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1246 Deo; scilicet quod est maxime per se ens, et perfectissime
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diff changeset
1247 intelligens. Si autem oporteret de Deo dici solum illa, secundum
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diff changeset
1248 vocem, quae sacra Scriptura de Deo tradit, sequeretur quod nunquam
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1249 in alia lingua posset aliquis loqui de Deo, nisi in illa in qua
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1250 primo tradita est Scriptura veteris vel novi testamenti. Ad
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1251 inveniendum autem nova nomina, antiquam fidem de Deo significantia,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1252 coegit necessitas disputandi cum haereticis. Nec haec novitas
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1253 vitanda est, cum non sit profana, utpote a Scripturarum sensu non
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diff changeset
1254 discordans, docet autem apostolus profanas vocum novitates vitare,
53
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diff changeset
1255 I ad Tim. ult.</p><p title="I q. 29 a. 3 ad 2"><a name="29678"><span class="ref">[29678] Iª q. 29 a. 3 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
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diff changeset
1256 dicendum quod, quamvis hoc nomen persona non conveniat Deo quantum
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diff changeset
1257 ad id a quo impositum est nomen, tamen quantum ad id ad quod
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1258 significandum imponitur, maxime Deo convenit. Quia enim in
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1259 comoediis et tragoediis repraesentabantur aliqui homines famosi,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1260 impositum est hoc nomen persona ad significandum aliquos dignitatem
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1261 habentes. Unde consueverunt dici personae in Ecclesiis, quae habent
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1262 aliquam dignitatem. Propter quod quidam definiunt personam,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1263 dicentes quod <i>persona est hypostasis proprietate distincta ad
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1264 dignitatem pertinente</i>. Et quia magnae dignitatis est in
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1265 rationali natura subsistere, ideo omne individuum rationalis
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1266 naturae dicitur persona, ut dictum est. Sed dignitas divinae
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diff changeset
1267 naturae excedit omnem dignitatem, et secundum hoc maxime competit
53
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diff changeset
1268 Deo nomen personae.</p><p title="I q. 29 a. 3 ad 3"><a name="29679"><span class="ref">[29679] Iª q. 29 a. 3 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
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diff changeset
1269 dicendum quod nomen hypostasis non competit Deo quantum ad id a quo
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1270 est impositum nomen, cum non substet accidentibus, competit autem
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1271 ei quantum ad id, quod est impositum ad significandum rem
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1272 subsistentem. Hieronymus autem dicit sub hoc nomine venenum latere,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1273 quia antequam significatio huius nominis esset plene nota apud
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diff changeset
1274 Latinos, haeretici per hoc nomen simplices decipiebant, ut
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diff changeset
1275 confiterentur plures essentias, sicut confitentur plures
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1276 hypostases; propter hoc quod nomen substantiae, cui respondet in
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diff changeset
1277 Graeco nomen hypostasis, communiter accipitur apud nos pro
53
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diff changeset
1278 essentia.</p><p title="I q. 29 a. 3 ad 4"><a name="29680"><span class="ref">[29680] Iª q. 29 a. 3 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
28
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diff changeset
1279 dicendum quod Deus potest dici rationalis naturae, secundum quod
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diff changeset
1280 ratio non importat discursum, sed communiter intellectualem
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1281 naturam. Individuum autem Deo competere non potest quantum ad hoc
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1282 quod individuationis principium est materia, sed solum secundum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1283 quod importat incommunicabilitatem. Substantia vero convenit Deo,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1284 secundum quod significat existere per se. Quidam tamen dicunt quod
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1285 definitio superius a Boetio data, non est definitio personae
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1286 secundum quod personas in Deo dicimus. Propter quod Ricardus de
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1287 sancto Victore, corrigere volens hanc definitionem, dixit quod
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diff changeset
1288 persona, secundum quod de Deo dicitur, est divinae naturae
53
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diff changeset
1289 incommunicabilis existentia.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 4</h3><p title="I q. 29 a. 4 arg. 1"><a name="29681"><span class="ref">[29681] Iª q. 29 a. 4 arg. 1</span></a> Ad quartum sic
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1290 proceditur. Videtur quod hoc nomen persona non significet
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1291 relationem, sed substantiam, in divinis. Dicit enim Augustinus, in
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diff changeset
1292 VII de Trin., <i>cum dicimus personam patris, non aliud dicimus
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diff changeset
1293 quam substantiam patris; ad se quippe dicitur persona, non ad
53
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diff changeset
1294 filium</i>.</p><p title="I q. 29 a. 4 arg. 2"><a name="29682"><span class="ref">[29682] Iª q. 29 a. 4 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea, quid
28
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diff changeset
1295 quaerit de essentia. Sed, sicut dicit Augustinus in eodem loco, cum
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diff changeset
1296 dicitur, <i>tres sunt qui testimonium dant in caelo, pater, verbum
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diff changeset
1297 et spiritus</i> sanctus; et quaeritur, quid tres? Respondetur, tres
53
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diff changeset
1298 personae. Ergo hoc nomen persona significat essentiam.</p><p title="I q. 29 a. 4 arg. 3"><a name="29683"><span class="ref">[29683] Iª q. 29 a. 4 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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diff changeset
1299 secundum philosophum, IV Metaphys., id quod significatur per nomen,
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diff changeset
1300 est eius definitio. Sed definitio personae est rationalis naturae
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diff changeset
1301 individua substantia, ut dictum est. Ergo hoc nomen persona
53
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diff changeset
1302 significat substantiam.</p><p title="I q. 29 a. 4 arg. 4"><a name="29684"><span class="ref">[29684] Iª q. 29 a. 4 arg. 4</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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diff changeset
1303 persona in hominibus et Angelis non significat relationem, sed
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diff changeset
1304 aliquid absolutum. Si igitur in Deo significaret relationem,
53
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diff changeset
1305 diceretur aequivoce de Deo et hominibus et Angelis.</p><p title="I q. 29 a. 4 s. c."><a name="29685"><span class="ref">[29685] Iª q. 29 a. 4 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28
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diff changeset
1306 quod dicit Boetius, in libro de Trin., quod omne nomen ad personas
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diff changeset
1307 pertinens, relationem significat. Sed nullum nomen magis pertinet
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diff changeset
1308 ad personas, quam hoc nomen persona. Ergo hoc nomen persona
53
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diff changeset
1309 relationem significat.</p><p title="I q. 29 a. 4 co."><a name="29686"><span class="ref">[29686] Iª q. 29 a. 4 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
28
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diff changeset
1310 quod circa significationem huius nominis persona in divinis,
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diff changeset
1311 difficultatem ingerit quod pluraliter de tribus praedicatur,
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diff changeset
1312 praeter naturam essentialium nominum; neque etiam ad aliquid
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diff changeset
1313 dicitur, sicut nomina quae relationem significant. Unde quibusdam
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diff changeset
1314 visum est quod hoc nomen persona simpliciter, ex virtute vocabuli,
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diff changeset
1315 essentiam significet in divinis, sicut hoc nomen Deus, et hoc nomen
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diff changeset
1316 sapiens, sed propter instantiam haereticorum, est accommodatum, ex
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diff changeset
1317 ordinatione Concilii, ut possit poni pro relativis; et praecipue in
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diff changeset
1318 plurali, vel cum nomine partitivo, ut cum dicimus tres personas,
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diff changeset
1319 vel alia est persona patris, alia filii. In singulari vero potest
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diff changeset
1320 sumi pro absoluto, et pro relativo. Sed haec non videtur sufficiens
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diff changeset
1321 ratio. Quia si hoc nomen persona, ex vi suae significationis, non
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diff changeset
1322 habet quod significet nisi essentiam in divinis; ex hoc quod dictum
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diff changeset
1323 est tres personas, non fuisset haereticorum quietata calumnia, sed
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diff changeset
1324 maioris calumniae data esset eis occasio. Et ideo alii dixerunt
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diff changeset
1325 quod hoc nomen persona in divinis significat simul essentiam et
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diff changeset
1326 relationem. Quorum quidam dixerunt quod significat essentiam in
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diff changeset
1327 recto, et relationem in obliquo. Quia persona dicitur quasi per se
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diff changeset
1328 una, unitas autem pertinet ad essentiam. Quod autem dicitur per se,
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diff changeset
1329 implicat relationem oblique, intelligitur enim pater per se esse,
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diff changeset
1330 quasi relatione distinctus a filio. Quidam vero dixerunt e
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diff changeset
1331 converso, quod significat relationem in recto, et essentiam in
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diff changeset
1332 obliquo, quia in definitione personae, natura ponitur in obliquo.
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diff changeset
1333 Et isti propinquius ad veritatem accesserunt. Ad evidentiam igitur
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diff changeset
1334 huius quaestionis, considerandum est quod aliquid est de
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diff changeset
1335 significatione minus communis, quod tamen non est de significatione
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diff changeset
1336 magis communis, rationale enim includitur in significatione
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diff changeset
1337 hominis, quod tamen non est de significatione animalis. Unde aliud
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diff changeset
1338 est quaerere de significatione animalis, et aliud est quaerere de
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diff changeset
1339 significatione animalis quod est homo. Similiter aliud est quaerere
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1340 de significatione huius nominis persona in communi, et aliud de
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diff changeset
1341 significatione personae divinae. Persona enim in communi significat
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diff changeset
1342 substantiam individuam rationalis naturae, ut dictum est.
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diff changeset
1343 Individuum autem est quod est in se indistinctum, ab aliis vero
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diff changeset
1344 distinctum. Persona igitur, in quacumque natura, significat id quod
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diff changeset
1345 est distinctum in natura illa sicut in humana natura significat has
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diff changeset
1346 carnes et haec ossa et hanc animam, quae sunt principia
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diff changeset
1347 individuantia hominem; quae quidem, licet non sint de
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diff changeset
1348 significatione personae, sunt tamen de significatione personae
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diff changeset
1349 humanae. Distinctio autem in divinis non fit nisi per relationes
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diff changeset
1350 originis, ut dictum est supra. Relatio autem in divinis non est
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diff changeset
1351 sicut accidens inhaerens subiecto, sed est ipsa divina essentia,
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diff changeset
1352 unde est subsistens, sicut essentia divina subsistit. Sicut ergo
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diff changeset
1353 deitas est Deus, ita paternitas divina est Deus pater, qui est
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1354 persona divina. Persona igitur divina significat relationem ut
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1355 subsistentem. Et hoc est significare relationem per modum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1356 substantiae quae est hypostasis subsistens in natura divina; licet
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diff changeset
1357 subsistens in natura divina non sit aliud quam natura divina. Et
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diff changeset
1358 secundum hoc, verum est quod hoc nomen persona significat
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diff changeset
1359 relationem in recto, et essentiam in obliquo, non tamen relationem
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diff changeset
1360 inquantum est relatio, sed inquantum significatur per modum
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diff changeset
1361 hypostasis. Similiter etiam significat essentiam in recto, et
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1362 relationem in obliquo, inquantum essentia idem est quod hypostasis;
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1363 hypostasis autem significatur in divinis ut relatione distincta; et
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diff changeset
1364 sic relatio, per modum relationis significata, cadit in ratione
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diff changeset
1365 personae in obliquo. Et secundum hoc etiam dici potest, quod haec
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1366 significatio huius nominis persona non erat percepta ante
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diff changeset
1367 haereticorum calumniam, unde non erat in usu hoc nomen persona,
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diff changeset
1368 nisi sicut unum aliorum absolutorum. Sed postmodum accommodatum est
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diff changeset
1369 hoc nomen persona ad standum pro relativo, ex congruentia suae
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1370 significationis, ut scilicet hoc quod stat pro relativo, non solum
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diff changeset
1371 habeat ex usu, ut prima opinio dicebat, sed etiam ex significatione
53
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diff changeset
1372 sua.</p><p title="I q. 29 a. 4 ad 1"><a name="29687"><span class="ref">[29687] Iª q. 29 a. 4 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28
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diff changeset
1373 dicendum quod hoc nomen persona dicitur ad se, non ad alterum, quia
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1374 significat relationem, non per modum relationis, sed per modum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1375 substantiae quae est hypostasis. Et secundum hoc Augustinus dicit
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diff changeset
1376 quod significat essentiam, prout in Deo essentia est idem cum
53
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diff changeset
1377 hypostasi, quia in Deo non differt quod est et quo est.</p><p title="I q. 29 a. 4 ad 2"><a name="29688"><span class="ref">[29688] Iª q. 29 a. 4 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
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diff changeset
1378 dicendum quod quid quandoque quaerit de natura quam significat
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diff changeset
1379 definitio; ut cum quaeritur, quid est homo? Et respondetur, animal
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diff changeset
1380 rationale mortale. Quandoque vero quaerit suppositum; ut cum
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diff changeset
1381 quaeritur, quid natat in mari? Et respondetur, piscis. Et sic
53
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diff changeset
1382 quaerentibus quid tres? Responsum est, tres personae.</p><p title="I q. 29 a. 4 ad 3"><a name="29689"><span class="ref">[29689] Iª q. 29 a. 4 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
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diff changeset
1383 dicendum quod in intellectu substantiae individuae, idest
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diff changeset
1384 distinctae vel incommunicabilis, intelligitur in divinis relatio,
53
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diff changeset
1385 ut dictum est.</p><p title="I q. 29 a. 4 ad 4"><a name="29690"><span class="ref">[29690] Iª q. 29 a. 4 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
28
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diff changeset
1386 dicendum quod diversa ratio minus communium non facit
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1387 aequivocationem in magis communi. Licet enim sit alia propria
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diff changeset
1388 definitio equi et asini, tamen univocantur in nomine animalis, quia
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1389 communis definitio animalis convenit utrique. Unde non sequitur
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diff changeset
1390 quod, licet in significatione personae divinae contineatur relatio,
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diff changeset
1391 non autem in significatione angelicae personae vel humanae, quod
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diff changeset
1392 nomen personae aequivoce dicatur. Licet nec etiam dicatur univoce,
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diff changeset
1393 cum nihil univoce de Deo dici possit et de creaturis, ut supra
53
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diff changeset
1394 ostensum est.</p></div></div><div class="q" id="q30"><h2>Quaestio 30</h2><div class="p"><h3>Prooemium</h3><p title="I q. 30 pr."><a name="29691"><span class="ref">[29691]
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diff changeset
1395 Iª q. 30 pr.</span></a> Deinde quaeritur de pluralitate
28
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diff changeset
1396 personarum. Et circa hoc quaeruntur quatuor. Primo, utrum sint
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diff changeset
1397 plures personae in divinis. Secundo, quot sunt. Tertio, quid
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diff changeset
1398 significent termini numerales in divinis. Quarto, de communitate
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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diff changeset
1399 huius nominis persona.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 1</h3><p title="I q. 30 a. 1 arg. 1"><a name="29692"><span class="ref">[29692] Iª q. 30 a. 1 arg. 1</span></a> Ad primum sic
28
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diff changeset
1400 proceditur. Videtur quod non sit ponere plures personas in divinis.
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diff changeset
1401 Persona enim est rationalis naturae individua substantia. Si ergo
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1402 sunt plures personae in divinis, sequitur quod sint plures
53
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ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
1403 substantiae, quod videtur haereticum.</p><p title="I q. 30 a. 1 arg. 2"><a name="29693"><span class="ref">[29693] Iª q. 30 a. 1 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1404 pluralitas proprietatum absolutarum non facit distinctionem
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1405 personarum, neque in Deo neque in nobis, multo igitur minus
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1406 pluralitas relationum. Sed in Deo non est alia pluralitas nisi
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1407 relationum, ut supra dictum est. Ergo non potest dici quod in Deo
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
1408 sint plures personae.</p><p title="I q. 30 a. 1 arg. 3"><a name="29694"><span class="ref">[29694] Iª q. 30 a. 1 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1409 Boetius dicit, de Deo loquens, quod hoc vere unum est, in quo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1410 nullus est numerus. Sed pluralitas importat numerum. Ergo non sunt
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
1411 plures personae in divinis.</p><p title="I q. 30 a. 1 arg. 4"><a name="29695"><span class="ref">[29695] Iª q. 30 a. 1 arg. 4</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1412 ubicumque est numerus, ibi est totum et pars. Si igitur in Deo sit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1413 numerus personarum, erit in Deo ponere totum et partem, quod
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
1414 simplicitati divinae repugnat.</p><p title="I q. 30 a. 1 s. c."><a name="29696"><span class="ref">[29696] Iª q. 30 a. 1 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1415 quod dicit Athanasius, <i>alia est persona patris, alia filii, alia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1416 spiritus sancti</i>. Ergo pater et filius et spiritus sanctus sunt
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
1417 plures personae.</p><p title="I q. 30 a. 1 co."><a name="29697"><span class="ref">[29697] Iª q. 30 a. 1 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1418 quod plures esse personas in divinis, sequitur ex praemissis.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1419 Ostensum est enim supra quod hoc nomen persona significat in
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1420 divinis relationem, ut rem subsistentem in natura divina. Supra
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1421 autem habitum est quod sunt plures relationes reales in divinis.
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1422 Unde sequitur quod sint plures res subsistentes in divina natura.
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
1423 Et hoc est esse plures personas in divinis.</p><p title="I q. 30 a. 1 ad 1"><a name="29698"><span class="ref">[29698] Iª q. 30 a. 1 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1424 dicendum quod substantia non ponitur in definitione personae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1425 secundum quod significat essentiam, sed secundum quod significat
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1426 suppositum, quod patet ex hoc quod additur individua. Ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1427 significandum autem substantiam sic dictam, habent Graeci nomen
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1428 hypostasis, unde sicut nos dicimus tres personas, ita ipsi dicunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1429 tres hypostases. Nos autem non consuevimus dicere tres substantias,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1430 ne intelligerentur tres essentiae, propter nominis
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
1431 aequivocationem.</p><p title="I q. 30 a. 1 ad 2"><a name="29699"><span class="ref">[29699] Iª q. 30 a. 1 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1432 dicendum quod proprietates absolutae in divinis, ut bonitas et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1433 sapientia, non opponuntur ad invicem, unde neque realiter
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1434 distinguuntur. Quamvis ergo eis conveniat subsistere, non tamen
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1435 sunt plures res subsistentes, quod est esse plures personas.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1436 Proprietates autem absolutae in rebus creatis non subsistunt, licet
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1437 realiter ab invicem distinguantur, ut albedo et dulcedo. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1438 proprietates relativae in Deo et subsistunt, et realiter ab invicem
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1439 distinguuntur, ut supra dictum est. Unde pluralitas talium
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
1440 proprietatum sufficit ad pluralitatem personarum in divinis.</p><p title="I q. 30 a. 1 ad 3"><a name="29700"><span class="ref">[29700] Iª q. 30 a. 1 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1441 dicendum quod a Deo, propter summam unitatem et simplicitatem,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1442 excluditur omnis pluralitas absolute dictorum; non autem pluralitas
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1443 relationum. Quia relationes praedicantur de aliquo ut ad alterum;
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1444 et sic compositionem in ipso de quo dicuntur non important, ut
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
1445 Boetius in eodem libro docet.</p><p title="I q. 30 a. 1 ad 4"><a name="29701"><span class="ref">[29701] Iª q. 30 a. 1 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1446 dicendum quod numerus est duplex, scilicet numerus simplex vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1447 absolutus, ut duo et tria et quatuor; et numerus qui est in rebus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1448 numeratis, ut duo homines et duo equi. Si igitur in divinis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1449 accipiatur numerus absolute sive abstracte, nihil prohibet in eo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1450 esse totum et partem, et sic non est nisi in acceptione intellectus
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1451 nostri; non enim numerus absolutus a rebus numeratis est nisi in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1452 intellectu. Si autem accipiamus numerum prout est in rebus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1453 numeratis, sic in rebus quidem creatis, unum est pars duorum, et
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1454 duo trium, ut unus homo duorum, et duo trium, sed non est sic in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1455 Deo, quia tantus est pater quanta tota Trinitas, ut infra
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
1456 patebit.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 2</h3><p title="I q. 30 a. 2 arg. 1"><a name="29702"><span class="ref">[29702] Iª q. 30 a. 2 arg. 1</span></a> Ad secundum sic
28
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1457 proceditur. Videtur quod in Deo sint plures personae quam tres.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1458 Pluralitas enim personarum in divinis est secundum pluralitatem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1459 proprietatum relativarum, ut dictum est. Sed quatuor sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1460 relationes in divinis, ut supra dictum est, scilicet paternitas,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1461 filiatio, communis spiratio et processio. Ergo quatuor personae
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
1462 sunt in divinis.</p><p title="I q. 30 a. 2 arg. 2"><a name="29703"><span class="ref">[29703] Iª q. 30 a. 2 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea, non
28
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1463 plus differt natura a voluntate in Deo, quam natura ab intellectu.
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1464 Sed in divinis est alia persona quae procedit per modum voluntatis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1465 ut amor; et alia quae procedit per modum naturae, ut filius. Ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1466 est etiam alia quae procedit per modum intellectus, ut verbum; et
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1467 alia quae procedit per modum naturae, ut filius. Et sic iterum
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
1468 sequitur quod non sunt tantum tres personae in divinis.</p><p title="I q. 30 a. 2 arg. 3"><a name="29704"><span class="ref">[29704] Iª q. 30 a. 2 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea, in
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1469 rebus creatis quod excellentius est, plures habet operationes
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1470 intrinsecas, sicut homo supra alia animalia habet intelligere et
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1471 velle. Sed Deus in infinitum excedit omnem creaturam. Ergo non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1472 solum est ibi persona procedens per modum voluntatis et per modum
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1473 intellectus, sed infinitis aliis modis. Ergo sunt infinitae
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
1474 personae in divinis.</p><p title="I q. 30 a. 2 arg. 4"><a name="29705"><span class="ref">[29705] Iª q. 30 a. 2 arg. 4</span></a> Praeterea, ex
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1475 infinita bonitate patris est, quod infinite seipsum communicet,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1476 producendo personam divinam. Sed etiam in spiritu sancto est
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1477 infinita bonitas. Ergo spiritus sanctus producit divinam personam,
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
1478 et illa aliam, et sic in infinitum.</p><p title="I q. 30 a. 2 arg. 5"><a name="29706"><span class="ref">[29706] Iª q. 30 a. 2 arg. 5</span></a> Praeterea, omne
28
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1479 quod continetur sub determinato numero, est mensuratum, numerus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1480 enim mensura quaedam est. Sed personae divinae sunt immensae, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1481 patet per Athanasium, <i>immensus pater, immensus filius, immensus
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
1482 spiritus sanctus</i>. Non ergo sub numero ternario continentur.</p><p title="I q. 30 a. 2 s. c."><a name="29707"><span class="ref">[29707] Iª q. 30 a. 2 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1483 quod dicitur I Ioan. ult., <i>tres sunt qui testimonium dant in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1484 caelo, pater, verbum et spiritus sanctus</i>. Quaerentibus autem,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1485 quid tres? Respondetur, tres personae, ut Augustinus dicit, in VII
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
1486 de Trin. Sunt igitur tres personae tantum in divinis.</p><p title="I q. 30 a. 2 co."><a name="29708"><span class="ref">[29708] Iª q. 30 a. 2 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
28
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1487 quod, secundum praemissa, necesse est ponere tantum tres personas
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1488 in divinis. Ostensum est enim quod plures personae sunt plures
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1489 relationes subsistentes, ab invicem realiter distinctae. Realis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1490 autem distinctio inter relationes divinas non est nisi in ratione
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1491 oppositionis relativae. Ergo oportet duas relationes oppositas ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1492 duas personas pertinere, si quae autem relationes oppositae non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1493 sunt, ad eandem personam necesse est eas pertinere. Paternitas ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1494 et filiatio, cum sint oppositae relationes, ad duas personas ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1495 necessitate pertinent. Paternitas igitur subsistens est persona
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1496 patris, et filiatio subsistens est persona filii. Aliae autem duae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1497 relationes ad neutram harum oppositionem habent, sed sibi invicem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1498 opponuntur. Impossibile est igitur quod ambae uni personae
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1499 conveniant. Oportet ergo quod vel una earum conveniat utrique
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1500 dictarum personarum, aut quod una uni, et alia alii. Non autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1501 potest esse quod processio conveniat patri et filio, vel alteri
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1502 eorum, quia sic sequeretur quod processio intellectus, quae est
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1503 generatio in divinis, secundum quam accipitur paternitas et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1504 filiatio, prodiret ex processione amoris, secundum quam accipitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1505 spiratio et processio, si persona generans et genita procederent a
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1506 spirante, quod est contra praemissa. Relinquitur ergo quod spiratio
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1507 conveniat et personae patris et personae filii, utpote nullam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1508 habens oppositionem relativam nec ad paternitatem nec ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1509 filiationem. Et per consequens oportet quod conveniat processio
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1510 alteri personae, quae dicitur persona spiritus sancti, quae per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1511 modum amoris procedit, ut supra habitum est. Relinquitur ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1512 tantum tres personas esse in divinis, scilicet patrem et filium et
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
1513 spiritum sanctum.</p><p title="I q. 30 a. 2 ad 1"><a name="29709"><span class="ref">[29709] Iª q. 30 a. 2 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1514 dicendum quod, licet sint quatuor relationes in divinis, tamen una
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1515 earum, scilicet spiratio, non separatur a persona patris et filii,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1516 sed convenit utrique. Et sic, licet sit relatio, non tamen dicitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1517 proprietas, quia non convenit uni tantum personae, neque est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1518 relatio personalis, idest constituens personam. Sed hae tres
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1519 relationes, paternitas, filiatio et processio, dicuntur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1520 proprietates personales, quasi personas constituentes, nam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1521 paternitas est persona patris, filiatio persona filii, processio
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
1522 persona spiritus sancti procedentis.</p><p title="I q. 30 a. 2 ad 2"><a name="29710"><span class="ref">[29710] Iª q. 30 a. 2 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1523 dicendum quod id quod procedit per modum intellectus, ut verbum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1524 procedit secundum rationem similitudinis, sicut etiam id quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1525 procedit per modum naturae, et ideo supra dictum est quod processio
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1526 verbi divini est ipsa generatio per modum naturae. Amor autem,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1527 inquantum huiusmodi, non procedit ut similitudo illius a quo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1528 procedit (licet in divinis amor sit coessentialis inquantum est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1529 divinus), et ideo processio amoris non dicitur generatio in
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
1530 divinis.</p><p title="I q. 30 a. 2 ad 3"><a name="29711"><span class="ref">[29711] Iª q. 30 a. 2 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1531 dicendum quod homo, cum sit perfectior aliis animalibus, habet
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1532 plures operationes intrinsecas quam alia animalia, quia eius
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1533 perfectio est per modum compositionis. Unde in Angelis, qui sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1534 perfectiores et simpliciores, sunt pauciores operationes
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1535 intrinsecae quam in homine, quia in eis non est imaginari, sentire,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1536 et huiusmodi. Sed in Deo, secundum rem, non est nisi una operatio,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1537 quae est sua essentia. Sed quomodo sunt duae processiones, supra
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
1538 ostensum est.</p><p title="I q. 30 a. 2 ad 4"><a name="29712"><span class="ref">[29712] Iª q. 30 a. 2 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1539 dicendum quod ratio illa procederet, si spiritus sanctus haberet
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1540 aliam numero bonitatem a bonitate patris, oporteret enim quod,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1541 sicut pater per suam bonitatem producit personam divinam, ita et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1542 spiritus sanctus. Sed una et eadem bonitas patris est et spiritus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1543 sancti. Neque etiam est distinctio nisi per relationes personarum.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1544 Unde bonitas convenit spiritui sancto quasi habita ab alio, patri
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1545 autem, sicut a quo communicatur alteri. Oppositio autem relationis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1546 non permittit ut cum relatione spiritus sancti sit relatio
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1547 principii respectu divinae personae, quia ipse procedit ab aliis
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
1548 personis quae in divinis esse possunt.</p><p title="I q. 30 a. 2 ad 5"><a name="29713"><span class="ref">[29713] Iª q. 30 a. 2 ad 5</span></a> Ad quintum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1549 dicendum quod numerus determinatus, si accipiatur numerus simplex,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1550 qui est tantum in acceptione intellectus, per unum mensuratur. Si
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1551 vero accipiatur numerus rerum in divinis personis, sic non competit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1552 ibi ratio mensurati, quia eadem est magnitudo trium personarum, ut
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
1553 infra patebit; idem autem non mensuratur per idem.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 3</h3><p title="I q. 30 a. 3 arg. 1"><a name="29714"><span class="ref">[29714] Iª q. 30 a. 3 arg. 1</span></a> Ad tertium sic
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1554 proceditur. Videtur quod termini numerales ponant aliquid in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1555 divinis. Unitas enim divina est eius essentia. Sed omnis numerus
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1556 est unitas repetita. Ergo omnis terminus numeralis in divinis
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
1557 significat essentiam. Ergo ponit aliquid in Deo.</p><p title="I q. 30 a. 3 arg. 2"><a name="29715"><span class="ref">[29715] Iª q. 30 a. 3 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1558 quidquid dicitur de Deo et creaturis, eminentius convenit Deo quam
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1559 creaturis. Sed termini numerales in creaturis aliquid ponunt. Ergo
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
1560 multo magis in Deo.</p><p title="I q. 30 a. 3 arg. 3"><a name="29716"><span class="ref">[29716] Iª q. 30 a. 3 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea, si
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1561 termini numerales non ponunt aliquid in divinis, sed inducuntur ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1562 removendum tantum, ut per pluralitatem removeatur unitas, et per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1563 unitatem pluralitas; sequitur quod sit circulatio in ratione,
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1564 confundens intellectum et nihil certificans; quod est inconveniens.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1565 Relinquitur ergo quod termini numerales aliquid ponunt in
53
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parents: 28
diff changeset
1566 divinis.</p><p title="I q. 30 a. 3 s. c."><a name="29717"><span class="ref">[29717] Iª q. 30 a. 3 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1567 quod Hilarius dicit, in IV de Trin., <i>sustulit singularitatis ac
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1568 solitudinis intelligentiam professio consortii</i>, quod est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1569 professio pluralitatis. Et Ambrosius dicit, in libro de fide <i>cum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1570 unum Deum dicimus, unitas pluralitatem excludit deorum, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1571 quantitatem in Deo ponimus</i>. Ex quibus videtur quod huiusmodi
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1572 nomina sunt inducta in divinis ad removendum, non ad ponendum
53
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parents: 28
diff changeset
1573 aliquid.</p><p title="I q. 30 a. 3 co."><a name="29718"><span class="ref">[29718] Iª q. 30 a. 3 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1574 quod Magister, in sententiis, ponit quod termini numerales non
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1575 ponunt aliquid in divinis, sed removent tantum. Alii vero dicunt
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1576 contrarium. Ad evidentiam igitur huius, considerandum est quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1577 omnis pluralitas consequitur aliquam divisionem. Est autem duplex
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1578 divisio. Una materialis, quae fit secundum divisionem continui, et
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1579 hanc consequitur numerus qui est species quantitatis. Unde talis
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1580 numerus non est nisi in rebus materialibus habentibus quantitatem.
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1581 Alia est divisio formalis, quae fit per oppositas vel diversas
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1582 formas, et hanc divisionem sequitur multitudo quae non est in
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1583 aliquo genere, sed est de transcendentibus, secundum quod ens
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1584 dividitur per unum et multa. Et talem multitudinem solam contingit
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1585 esse in rebus immaterialibus. Quidam igitur, non considerantes nisi
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1586 multitudinem quae est species quantitatis discretae, quia videbant
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1587 quod quantitas discreta non habet locum in divinis, posuerunt quod
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1588 termini numerales non ponunt aliquid in Deo, sed removent tantum.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1589 Alii vero, eandem multitudinem considerantes, dixerunt quod, sicut
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1590 scientia ponitur in Deo secundum rationem propriam scientiae, non
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1591 autem secundum rationem sui generis, quia in Deo nulla est
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1592 qualitas; ita numerus in Deo ponitur secundum propriam rationem
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1593 numeri, non autem secundum rationem sui generis, quod est
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1594 quantitas. Nos autem dicimus quod termini numerales, secundum quod
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1595 veniunt in praedicationem divinam, non sumuntur a numero qui est
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1596 species quantitatis; quia sic de Deo non dicerentur nisi
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1597 metaphorice, sicut et aliae proprietates corporalium, sicut
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1598 latitudo, longitudo, et similia, sed sumuntur a multitudine
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1599 secundum quod est transcendens. Multitudo autem sic accepta hoc
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1600 modo se habet ad multa de quibus praedicatur, sicut unum quod
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1601 convertitur cum ente ad ens. Huiusmodi autem unum, sicut supra
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1602 dictum est, cum de Dei unitate ageretur, non addit aliquid supra
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1603 ens nisi negationem divisionis tantum, unum enim significat ens
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1604 indivisum. Et ideo de quocumque dicatur unum, significatur illa res
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1605 indivisa, sicut unum dictum de homine, significat naturam vel
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1606 substantiam hominis non divisam. Et eadem ratione, cum dicuntur res
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1607 multae, multitudo sic accepta significat res illas cum indivisione
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1608 circa unamquamque earum. Numerus autem qui est species quantitatis,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1609 ponit quoddam accidens additum supra ens, et similiter unum quod
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1610 est principium numeri. Termini ergo numerales significant in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1611 divinis illa de quibus dicuntur, et super hoc nihil addunt nisi
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1612 negationem, ut dictum est, et quantum ad hoc, veritatem dixit
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1613 Magister in sententiis. Ut, cum dicimus, essentia est una, unum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1614 significat essentiam indivisam, cum dicimus, persona est una,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1615 significat personam indivisam, cum dicimus, personae sunt plures,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1616 significantur illae personae, et indivisio circa unamquamque earum;
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
1617 quia de ratione multitudinis est, quod ex unitatibus constet.</p><p title="I q. 30 a. 3 ad 1"><a name="29719"><span class="ref">[29719] Iª q. 30 a. 3 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1618 dicendum quod unum, cum sit de transcendentibus, est communius quam
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1619 substantia et quam relatio, et similiter multitudo. Unde potest
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1620 stare in divinis et pro substantia et pro relatione, secundum quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1621 competit his quibus adiungitur. Et tamen per huiusmodi nomina,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1622 supra essentiam vel relationem, additur, ex eorum significatione
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
1623 propria, negatio quaedam divisionis, ut dictum est.</p><p title="I q. 30 a. 3 ad 2"><a name="29720"><span class="ref">[29720] Iª q. 30 a. 3 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1624 dicendum quod multitudo quae ponit aliquid in rebus creatis, est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1625 species quantitatis; quae non transumitur in divinam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1626 praedicationem; sed tantum multitudo transcendens, quae non addit
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1627 supra ea de quibus dicitur, nisi indivisionem circa singula. Et
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
1628 talis multitudo dicitur de Deo.</p><p title="I q. 30 a. 3 ad 3"><a name="29721"><span class="ref">[29721] Iª q. 30 a. 3 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1629 dicendum quod unum non est remotivum multitudinis, sed divisionis,
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1630 quae est prior, secundum rationem, quam unum vel multitudo.
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1631 Multitudo autem non removet unitatem, sed removet divisionem circa
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1632 unumquodque eorum ex quibus constat multitudo. Et haec supra
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1633 exposita sunt, cum de divina unitate ageretur. Sciendum tamen est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1634 quod auctoritates in oppositum inductae, non probant sufficienter
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1635 propositum. Licet enim pluralitate excludatur solitudo, et unitate
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1636 deorum pluralitas, non tamen sequitur quod his nominibus hoc solum
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1637 significetur. Albedine enim excluditur nigredo, non tamen nomine
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
1638 albedinis significatur sola nigredinis exclusio.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 4</h3><p title="I q. 30 a. 4 arg. 1"><a name="29722"><span class="ref">[29722] Iª q. 30 a. 4 arg. 1</span></a> Ad quartum sic
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1639 proceditur. Videtur quod hoc nomen persona non possit esse commune
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1640 tribus personis. Nihil enim est commune tribus personis nisi
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1641 essentia. Sed hoc nomen persona non significat essentiam in recto.
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
1642 Ergo non est commune tribus.</p><p title="I q. 30 a. 4 arg. 2"><a name="29723"><span class="ref">[29723] Iª q. 30 a. 4 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1643 commune opponitur incommunicabili. Sed de ratione personae est quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1644 sit incommunicabilis, ut patet ex definitione Ricardi de s. Victore
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
1645 supra posita. Ergo hoc nomen persona non est commune tribus.</p><p title="I q. 30 a. 4 arg. 3"><a name="29724"><span class="ref">[29724] Iª q. 30 a. 4 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea, si
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1646 est commune tribus, aut ista communitas attenditur secundum rem,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1647 aut secundum rationem. Sed non secundum rem, quia sic tres personae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1648 essent una persona. Nec iterum secundum rationem tantum, quia sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1649 persona esset universale, in divinis autem non est universale et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1650 particulare, neque genus neque species, ut supra ostensum est. Non
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
1651 ergo hoc nomen persona est commune tribus.</p><p title="I q. 30 a. 4 s. c."><a name="29725"><span class="ref">[29725] Iª q. 30 a. 4 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1652 quod dicit Augustinus, VII de Trin., quod cum quaereretur, quid
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1653 tres? Responsum est, tres personae; quia commune est eis id quod
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
1654 est persona.</p><p title="I q. 30 a. 4 co."><a name="29726"><span class="ref">[29726] Iª q. 30 a. 4 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
28
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1655 quod ipse modus loquendi ostendit hoc nomen persona tribus esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1656 commune, cum dicimus tres personas, sicut cum dicimus tres homines,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1657 ostendimus hominem esse commune tribus. Manifestum est autem quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1658 non est communitas rei, sicut una essentia communis est tribus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1659 quia sic sequeretur unam esse personam trium, sicut essentia est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1660 una. Qualis autem sit communitas, investigantes diversimode locuti
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1661 sunt. Quidam enim dixerunt quod est communitas negationis; propter
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1662 hoc, quod in definitione personae ponitur incommunicabile. Quidam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1663 autem dixerunt quod est communitas intentionis, eo quod in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1664 definitione personae ponitur individuum; sicut si dicatur quod esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1665 speciem est commune equo et bovi. Sed utrumque horum excluditur per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1666 hoc, quod hoc nomen persona non est nomen negationis neque
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1667 intentionis, sed est nomen rei. Et ideo dicendum est quod etiam in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1668 rebus humanis hoc nomen persona est commune communitate rationis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1669 non sicut genus vel species, sed sicut individuum vagum. Nomina
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1670 enim generum vel specierum, ut homo vel animal, sunt imposita ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1671 significandum ipsas naturas communes; non autem intentiones
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1672 naturarum communium, quae significantur his nominibus genus vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1673 species. Sed individuum vagum, ut aliquis homo, significat naturam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1674 communem cum determinato modo existendi qui competit singularibus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1675 ut scilicet sit per se subsistens distinctum ab aliis. Sed in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1676 nomine singularis designati, significatur determinatum distinguens,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1677 sicut in nomine Socratis haec caro et hoc os. Hoc tamen interest,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1678 quod aliquis homo significat naturam, vel individuum ex parte
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1679 naturae, cum modo existendi qui competit singularibus, hoc autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1680 nomen persona non est impositum ad significandum individuum ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1681 parte naturae, sed ad significandum rem subsistentem in tali
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1682 natura. Hoc autem est commune secundum rationem omnibus personis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1683 divinis, ut unaquaeque earum subsistat in natura divina distincta
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1684 ab aliis. Et sic hoc nomen persona, secundum rationem, est commune
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
1685 tribus personis divinis.</p><p title="I q. 30 a. 4 ad 1"><a name="29727"><span class="ref">[29727] Iª q. 30 a. 4 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
1686 dicendum quod ratio illa procedit de communitate rei.</p><p title="I q. 30 a. 4 ad 2"><a name="29728"><span class="ref">[29728] Iª q. 30 a. 4 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1687 dicendum quod, licet persona sit incommunicabilis, tamen ipse modus
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
1688 existendi incommunicabiliter, potest esse pluribus communis.</p><p title="I q. 30 a. 4 ad 3"><a name="29729"><span class="ref">[29729] Iª q. 30 a. 4 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1689 dicendum quod, licet sit communitas rationis et non rei tamen non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1690 sequitur quod in divinis sit universale et particulare, vel genus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1691 vel species. Tum quia neque in rebus humanis communitas personae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1692 est communitas generis vel speciei. Tum quia personae divinae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1693 habent unum esse, genus autem et species, et quodlibet universale,
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
1694 praedicatur de pluribus secundum esse differentibus.</p></div></div><div class="q" id="q31"><h2>Quaestio 31</h2><div class="p"><h3>Prooemium</h3><p title="I q. 31 pr."><a name="29730"><span class="ref">[29730]
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
1695 Iª q. 31 pr.</span></a> Post haec considerandum est de his
28
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1696 quae ad unitatem vel pluralitatem pertinent in divinis. Et circa
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1697 hoc quaeruntur quatuor. Primo, de ipso nomine Trinitatis. Secundo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1698 utrum possit dici, filius est alius a patre. Tertio, utrum dictio
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1699 exclusiva, quae videtur alietatem excludere, possit adiungi nomini
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1700 essentiali in divinis. Quarto, utrum possit adiungi termino
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
1701 personali.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 1</h3><p title="I q. 31 a. 1 arg. 1"><a name="29731"><span class="ref">[29731] Iª q. 31 a. 1 arg. 1</span></a> Ad primum sic
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1702 proceditur. Videtur quod non sit Trinitas in divinis. Omne enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1703 nomen in divinis vel significat substantiam, vel relationem. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1704 hoc nomen Trinitas non significat substantiam, praedicaretur enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1705 de singulis personis. Neque significat relationem, quia non dicitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1706 secundum nomen ad aliud. Ergo nomine Trinitatis non est utendum in
53
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parents: 28
diff changeset
1707 divinis.</p><p title="I q. 31 a. 1 arg. 2"><a name="29732"><span class="ref">[29732] Iª q. 31 a. 1 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea, hoc
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1708 nomen Trinitas videtur esse nomen collectivum, cum significet
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1709 multitudinem. Tale autem nomen non convenit in divinis, cum unitas
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1710 importata per nomen collectivum sit minima unitas, in divinis autem
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1711 est maxima unitas. Ergo hoc nomen Trinitas non convenit in
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
1712 divinis.</p><p title="I q. 31 a. 1 arg. 3"><a name="29733"><span class="ref">[29733] Iª q. 31 a. 1 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea, omne
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1713 trinum est triplex. Sed in Deo non est triplicitas, cum triplicitas
53
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parents: 28
diff changeset
1714 sit species inaequalitatis. Ergo nec Trinitas.</p><p title="I q. 31 a. 1 arg. 4"><a name="29734"><span class="ref">[29734] Iª q. 31 a. 1 arg. 4</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1715 quidquid est in Deo, est in unitate essentiae divinae, quia Deus
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1716 est sua essentia. Si igitur Trinitas est in Deo, erit in unitate
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1717 essentiae divinae. Et sic in Deo erunt tres essentiales unitates,
53
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parents: 28
diff changeset
1718 quod est haereticum.</p><p title="I q. 31 a. 1 arg. 5"><a name="29735"><span class="ref">[29735] Iª q. 31 a. 1 arg. 5</span></a> Praeterea, in
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1719 omnibus quae dicuntur de Deo, concretum praedicatur de abstracto,
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1720 deitas enim est Deus, et paternitas est pater. Sed Trinitas non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1721 potest dici trina, quia sic essent novem res in divinis, quod est
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
1722 erroneum. Ergo nomine Trinitatis non est utendum in divinis.</p><p title="I q. 31 a. 1 s. c."><a name="29736"><span class="ref">[29736] Iª q. 31 a. 1 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1723 quod Athanasius dicit, quod <i>unitas in Trinitate, et Trinitas in
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
1724 unitate veneranda sit</i>.</p><p title="I q. 31 a. 1 co."><a name="29737"><span class="ref">[29737] Iª q. 31 a. 1 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
28
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1725 quod nomen Trinitatis in divinis significat determinatum numerum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1726 personarum. Sicut igitur ponitur pluralitas personarum in divinis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1727 ita utendum est nomine Trinitatis, quia hoc idem quod significat
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1728 pluralitas indeterminate, significat hoc nomen Trinitas
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
1729 determinate.</p><p title="I q. 31 a. 1 ad 1"><a name="29738"><span class="ref">[29738] Iª q. 31 a. 1 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1730 dicendum quod hoc nomen Trinitas, secundum etymologiam vocabuli,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1731 videtur significare unam essentiam trium personarum, secundum quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1732 dicitur Trinitas quasi trium unitas. Sed secundum proprietatem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1733 vocabuli, significat magis numerum personarum unius essentiae. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1734 propter hoc non possumus dicere quod pater sit Trinitas, quia non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1735 est tres personae. Non autem significat ipsas relationes
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1736 personarum, sed magis numerum personarum ad invicem relatarum. Et
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
1737 inde est quod, secundum nomen, ad aliud non refertur.</p><p title="I q. 31 a. 1 ad 2"><a name="29739"><span class="ref">[29739] Iª q. 31 a. 1 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1738 dicendum quod nomen collectivum duo importat, scilicet pluralitatem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1739 suppositorum, et unitatem quandam, scilicet ordinis alicuius,
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1740 populus enim est multitudo hominum sub aliquo ordine
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1741 comprehensorum. Quantum ergo ad primum, hoc nomen Trinitas convenit
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1742 cum nominibus collectivis, sed quantum ad secundum differt, quia in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1743 divina Trinitate non solum est unitas ordinis, sed cum hoc est
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
1744 etiam unitas essentiae.</p><p title="I q. 31 a. 1 ad 3"><a name="29740"><span class="ref">[29740] Iª q. 31 a. 1 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1745 dicendum quod Trinitas absolute dicitur, significat enim numerum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1746 ternarium personarum. Sed triplicitas significat proportionem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1747 inaequalitatis, est enim species proportionis inaequalis, sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1748 patet per Boetium in arithmetica. Et ideo non est in Deo
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
1749 triplicitas, sed Trinitas.</p><p title="I q. 31 a. 1 ad 4"><a name="29741"><span class="ref">[29741] Iª q. 31 a. 1 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1750 dicendum quod in Trinitate divina intelligitur et numerus, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1751 personae numeratae. Cum ergo dicimus Trinitatem in unitate, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1752 ponimus numerum in unitate essentiae, quasi sit ter una, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1753 personas numeratas ponimus in unitate naturae, sicut supposita
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1754 alicuius naturae dicuntur esse in natura illa. E converso autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1755 dicimus unitatem in Trinitate, sicut natura dicitur esse in suis
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
1756 suppositis.</p><p title="I q. 31 a. 1 ad 5"><a name="29742"><span class="ref">[29742] Iª q. 31 a. 1 ad 5</span></a> Ad quintum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1757 dicendum quod, cum dicitur, Trinitas est trina, ratione numeri
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1758 importati significatur multiplicatio eiusdem numeri in seipsum, cum
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1759 hoc quod dico trinum, importet distinctionem in suppositis illius
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1760 de quo dicitur. Et ideo non potest dici quod Trinitas sit trina,
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1761 quia sequeretur, si Trinitas esset trina, quod tria essent
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1762 supposita Trinitatis; sicut cum dicitur, Deus est trinus, sequitur
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
1763 quod sunt tria supposita deitatis.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 2</h3><p title="I q. 31 a. 2 arg. 1"><a name="29743"><span class="ref">[29743] Iª q. 31 a. 2 arg. 1</span></a> Ad secundum sic
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1764 proceditur. Videtur quod filius non sit alius a patre. Alius enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1765 est relativum diversitatis substantiae. Si igitur filius est alius
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1766 a patre, videtur quod sit a patre diversus. Quod est contra
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1767 Augustinum, VII de Trin., ubi dicit quod, cum dicimus tres
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
1768 personas, non diversitatem intelligere volumus.</p><p title="I q. 31 a. 2 arg. 2"><a name="29744"><span class="ref">[29744] Iª q. 31 a. 2 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1769 quicumque sunt alii ab invicem, aliquo modo ab invicem differunt.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1770 Si igitur filius est alius a patre, sequitur quod sit differens a
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1771 patre. Quod est contra Ambrosium, in I de fide, ubi ait, <i>pater
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1772 et filius deitate unum sunt, nec est ibi substantiae differentia,
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
1773 neque ulla diversitas</i>.</p><p title="I q. 31 a. 2 arg. 3"><a name="29745"><span class="ref">[29745] Iª q. 31 a. 2 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea, ab
28
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1774 alio alienum dicitur. Sed filius non est alienus a patre, dicit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1775 enim Hilarius, in VII de Trin., quod in divinis personis nihil est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1776 diversum, nihil alienum, nihil separabile. Ergo filius non est
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
1777 alius a patre.</p><p title="I q. 31 a. 2 arg. 4"><a name="29746"><span class="ref">[29746] Iª q. 31 a. 2 arg. 4</span></a> Praeterea, alius
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1778 et aliud idem significant, sed sola generis consignificatione
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1779 differunt. Si ergo filius est alius a patre, videtur sequi quod
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
1780 filius sit aliud a patre.</p><p title="I q. 31 a. 2 s. c."><a name="29747"><span class="ref">[29747] Iª q. 31 a. 2 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1781 quod Augustinus dicit, in libro de fide ad Petrum, <i>una est enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1782 essentia patris et filii et spiritus sancti, in qua non est aliud
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1783 pater, aliud filius, aliud spiritus sanctus; quamvis personaliter
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
1784 sit alius pater, alius filius, alius spiritus sanctus</i>.</p><p title="I q. 31 a. 2 co."><a name="29748"><span class="ref">[29748] Iª q. 31 a. 2 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
28
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1785 quod, quia ex verbis inordinate prolatis incurritur haeresis, ut
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1786 Hieronymus dicit, ideo cum de Trinitate loquimur, cum cautela et
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1787 modestia est agendum, quia, ut Augustinus dicit, in I de Trin.,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1788 <i>nec periculosius alicubi erratur, nec laboriosius aliquid
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1789 quaeritur, nec fructuosius aliquid invenitur</i>. Oportet autem in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1790 his quae de Trinitate loquimur, duos errores oppositos cavere,
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1791 temperate inter utrumque procedentes, scilicet errorem Arii, qui
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1792 posuit cum Trinitate personarum Trinitatem substantiarum; et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1793 errorem Sabellii, qui posuit cum unitate essentiae unitatem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1794 personae. Ad evitandum igitur errorem Arii, vitare debemus in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1795 divinis nomen diversitatis et differentiae, ne tollatur unitas
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1796 essentiae, possumus autem uti nomine distinctionis, propter
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1797 oppositionem relativam. Unde sicubi in aliqua Scriptura authentica
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1798 diversitas vel differentia personarum invenitur, sumitur diversitas
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1799 vel differentia pro distinctione. Ne autem tollatur simplicitas
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1800 divinae essentiae, vitandum est nomen separationis et divisionis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1801 quae est totius in partes. Ne autem tollatur aequalitas, vitandum
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1802 est nomen disparitatis. Ne vero tollatur similitudo, vitandum est
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1803 nomen alieni et discrepantis, dicit enim Ambrosius, in libro de
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1804 fide, quod in patre et filio non est discrepans, sed una divinitas,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1805 et secundum Hilarium, ut dictum est, in divinis nihil est alienum,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1806 nihil separabile. Ad vitandum vero errorem Sabellii, vitare debemus
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1807 singularitatem, ne tollatur communicabilitas essentiae divinae,
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1808 unde Hilarius dicit, VII de Trin., <i>patrem et filium singularem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1809 Deum praedicare, sacrilegum est</i>. Debemus etiam vitare nomen
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1810 unici, ne tollatur numerus personarum, unde Hilarius in eodem libro
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1811 dicit quod a Deo excluditur singularis atque unici intelligentia.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1812 Dicimus tamen unicum filium, quia non sunt plures filii in divinis.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1813 Neque tamen dicimus unicum Deum, quia pluribus deitas est communis
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1814 vitamus etiam nomen confusi, ne tollatur ordo naturae a personis,
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1815 unde Ambrosius dicit, I de fide, <i>neque confusum est quod unum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1816 est, neque multiplex esse potest quod indifferens est</i>. Vitandum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1817 est etiam nomen solitarii, ne tollatur consortium trium personarum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1818 dicit enim Hilarius, in IV de Trin., <i>nobis neque solitarius,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1819 neque diversus Deus est confitendus</i>. Hoc autem nomen alius,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1820 masculine sumptum, non importat nisi distinctionem suppositi. Unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1821 convenienter dicere possumus quod filius est alius a patre, quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1822 scilicet est aliud suppositum divinae naturae, sicut est alia
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
1823 persona, et alia hypostasis.</p><p title="I q. 31 a. 2 ad 1"><a name="29749"><span class="ref">[29749] Iª q. 31 a. 2 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1824 dicendum quod alius, quia est sicut quoddam particulare nomen,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1825 tenet se ex parte suppositi, unde ad eius rationem sufficit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1826 distinctio substantiae quae est hypostasis vel persona. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1827 diversitas requirit distinctionem substantiae quae est essentia. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1828 ideo non possumus dicere quod filius sit diversus a patre, licet
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
1829 sit alius.</p><p title="I q. 31 a. 2 ad 2"><a name="29750"><span class="ref">[29750] Iª q. 31 a. 2 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1830 dicendum quod differentia importat distinctionem formae. Est autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1831 tantum una forma in divinis, ut patet per id quod dicitur Philip.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1832 II, <i>qui cum in forma Dei esset</i>. Et ideo nomen differentis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1833 non proprie competit in divinis, ut patet per auctoritatem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1834 inductam. Utitur tamen Damascenus nomine differentiae in divinis
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1835 personis, secundum quod proprietas relativa significatur per modum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1836 formae, unde dicit quod non differunt ab invicem hypostases
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1837 secundum substantiam, sed secundum determinatas proprietates. Sed
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
1838 differentia sumitur pro distinctione, ut dictum est.</p><p title="I q. 31 a. 2 ad 3"><a name="29751"><span class="ref">[29751] Iª q. 31 a. 2 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1839 dicendum quod alienum est quod est extraneum et dissimile. Sed hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1840 non importatur cum dicitur alius. Et ideo dicimus filium alium a
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
1841 patre, licet non dicamus alienum.</p><p title="I q. 31 a. 2 ad 4"><a name="29752"><span class="ref">[29752] Iª q. 31 a. 2 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1842 dicendum quod neutrum genus est informe, masculinum autem est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1843 formatum et distinctum, et similiter femininum. Et ideo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1844 convenienter per neutrum genus significatur essentia communis, per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1845 masculinum autem et femininum, aliquod suppositum determinatum in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1846 communi natura. Unde etiam in rebus humanis, si quaeratur, quis est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1847 iste? Respondetur, Socrates, quod nomen est suppositi, si autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1848 quaeratur, quid est iste? Respondetur, animal rationale et mortale.
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1849 Et ideo, quia in divinis distinctio est secundum personas, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1850 autem secundum essentiam, dicimus quod pater est alius a filio, sed
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
1851 non aliud, et e converso dicimus quod sunt unum, sed non unus.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 3</h3><p title="I q. 31 a. 3 arg. 1"><a name="29753"><span class="ref">[29753] Iª q. 31 a. 3 arg. 1</span></a> Ad tertium sic
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1852 proceditur. Videtur quod dictio exclusiva solus non sit addenda
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diff changeset
1853 termino essentiali in divinis. Quia secundum philosophum, in II
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diff changeset
1854 Elench., <i>solus est qui cum alio non est</i>. Sed Deus est cum
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diff changeset
1855 Angelis et sanctis animabus. Ergo non possumus dicere Deum
53
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diff changeset
1856 solum.</p><p title="I q. 31 a. 3 arg. 2"><a name="29754"><span class="ref">[29754] Iª q. 31 a. 3 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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diff changeset
1857 quidquid adiungitur termino essentiali in divinis, potest
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diff changeset
1858 praedicari de qualibet persona per se, et de omnibus simul, quia
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diff changeset
1859 enim convenienter dicitur sapiens Deus, possumus dicere, pater est
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diff changeset
1860 sapiens Deus, et Trinitas est sapiens Deus. Sed Augustinus, in VI
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diff changeset
1861 de Trin., dicit, <i>consideranda est illa sententia, qua dicitur
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diff changeset
1862 non esse patrem verum Deum solum</i>. Ergo non potest dici solus
53
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1863 Deus.</p><p title="I q. 31 a. 3 arg. 3"><a name="29755"><span class="ref">[29755] Iª q. 31 a. 3 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea, si
28
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diff changeset
1864 haec dictio solus adiungitur termino essentiali, aut hoc erit
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diff changeset
1865 respectu praedicati personalis, aut respectu praedicati
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diff changeset
1866 essentialis. Sed non respectu praedicati personalis, quia haec est
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diff changeset
1867 falsa, solus Deus est pater, cum etiam homo sit pater. Neque etiam
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diff changeset
1868 respectu praedicati essentialis. Quia si haec esset vera, solus
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diff changeset
1869 Deus creat, videtur sequi quod haec esset vera, solus pater creat,
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diff changeset
1870 quia quidquid dicitur de Deo, potest dici de patre. Haec autem est
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diff changeset
1871 falsa, quia etiam filius est creator. Non ergo haec dictio solus
53
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1872 potest in divinis adiungi termino essentiali.</p><p title="I q. 31 a. 3 s. c."><a name="29756"><span class="ref">[29756] Iª q. 31 a. 3 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28
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1873 quod dicitur I ad Tim. I, <i>regi saeculorum immortali, invisibili,
53
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diff changeset
1874 soli Deo</i>.</p><p title="I q. 31 a. 3 co."><a name="29757"><span class="ref">[29757] Iª q. 31 a. 3 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
28
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diff changeset
1875 quod haec dictio solus potest accipi ut categorematica vel
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diff changeset
1876 syncategorematica. Dicitur autem dictio categorematica, quae
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diff changeset
1877 absolute ponit rem significatam circa aliquod suppositum; ut albus
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diff changeset
1878 circa hominem, cum dicitur homo albus. Si ergo sic accipiatur haec
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diff changeset
1879 dictio solus, nullo modo potest adiungi alicui termino in divinis,
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diff changeset
1880 quia poneret solitudinem circa terminum cui adiungeretur, et sic
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diff changeset
1881 sequeretur Deum esse solitarium; quod est contra praedicta. Dictio
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diff changeset
1882 vero syncategorematica dicitur, quae importat ordinem praedicati ad
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diff changeset
1883 subiectum, sicut haec dictio omnis, vel nullus. Et similiter haec
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diff changeset
1884 dictio solus, quia excludit omne aliud suppositum a consortio
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diff changeset
1885 praedicati. Sicut, cum dicitur, solus Socrates scribit, non datur
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diff changeset
1886 intelligi quod Socrates sit solitarius; sed quod nullus sit ei
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diff changeset
1887 consors in scribendo, quamvis cum eo multis existentibus. Et per
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diff changeset
1888 hunc modum nihil prohibet hanc dictionem solus adiungere alicui
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diff changeset
1889 essentiali termino in divinis, inquantum excluduntur omnia alia a
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1890 Deo a consortio praedicati, ut si dicamus, solus Deus est aeternus,
53
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1891 quia nihil praeter Deum est aeternum.</p><p title="I q. 31 a. 3 ad 1"><a name="29758"><span class="ref">[29758] Iª q. 31 a. 3 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28
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1892 dicendum quod, licet Angeli et animae sanctae semper sint cum Deo,
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diff changeset
1893 tamen, si non esset pluralitas personarum in divinis, sequeretur,
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1894 quod Deus esset solus vel solitarius. Non enim tollitur solitudo
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diff changeset
1895 per associationem alicuius quod est extraneae naturae, dicitur enim
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1896 aliquis solus esse in horto, quamvis sint ibi multae plantae et
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diff changeset
1897 animalia. Et similiter diceretur Deus esse solus vel solitarius,
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diff changeset
1898 Angelis et hominibus cum eo existentibus, si non essent in divinis
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diff changeset
1899 personae plures. Consociatio igitur Angelorum et animarum non
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diff changeset
1900 excludit solitudinem absolutam a divinis, et multo minus
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1901 solitudinem respectivam, per comparationem ad aliquod
53
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1902 praedicatum.</p><p title="I q. 31 a. 3 ad 2"><a name="29759"><span class="ref">[29759] Iª q. 31 a. 3 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
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1903 dicendum quod haec dictio solus, proprie loquendo, non ponitur ex
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1904 parte praedicati, quod sumitur formaliter, respicit enim
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1905 suppositum, inquantum excludit aliud suppositum ab eo cui
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1906 adiungitur. Sed hoc adverbium tantum, cum sit exclusivum, potest
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1907 poni ex parte subiecti, et ex parte praedicati, possumus enim
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1908 dicere, tantum Socrates currit, idest nullus alius; et, Socrates
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1909 currit tantum, idest nihil aliud facit. Unde non proprie dici
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1910 potest, pater est solus Deus, vel, Trinitas est solus Deus, nisi
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1911 forte ex parte praedicati intelligatur aliqua implicatio, ut
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1912 dicatur, Trinitas est Deus qui est solus Deus. Et secundum hoc
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1913 etiam posset esse vera ista, pater est Deus qui est solus Deus, si
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1914 relativum referret praedicatum, et non suppositum. Augustinus
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1915 autem, cum dicit patrem non esse solum Deum, sed Trinitatem esse
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1916 solum Deum, loquitur expositive, ac si diceret, cum dicitur, regi
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1917 saeculorum, invisibili, soli Deo, non est exponendum de persona
53
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1918 patris, sed de sola Trinitate.</p><p title="I q. 31 a. 3 ad 3"><a name="29760"><span class="ref">[29760] Iª q. 31 a. 3 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
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1919 dicendum quod utroque modo potest haec dictio solus adiungi termino
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diff changeset
1920 essentiali. Haec enim propositio, solus Deus est pater, est duplex.
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1921 Quia ly pater potest praedicare personam patris, et sic est vera,
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1922 non enim homo est illa persona. Vel potest praedicare relationem
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1923 tantum, et sic est falsa, quia relatio paternitatis etiam in aliis
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1924 invenitur, licet non univoce. Similiter haec est vera, solus Deus
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1925 creat. Nec tamen sequitur, ergo solus pater, quia, ut sophistae
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1926 dicunt, dictio exclusiva immobilitat terminum cui adiungitur, ut
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1927 non possit fieri sub eo descensus pro aliquo suppositorum; non enim
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1928 sequitur, solus homo est animal rationale mortale, ergo solus
53
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1929 Socrates.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 4</h3><p title="I q. 31 a. 4 arg. 1"><a name="29761"><span class="ref">[29761] Iª q. 31 a. 4 arg. 1</span></a> Ad quartum sic
28
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1930 proceditur. Videtur quod dictio exclusiva possit adiungi termino
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1931 personali, etiam si praedicatum sit commune. Dicit enim dominus, ad
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1932 patrem loquens, Ioan. XVII, <i>ut cognoscant te, solum Deum
53
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1933 verum</i>. Ergo solus pater est Deus verus.</p><p title="I q. 31 a. 4 arg. 2"><a name="29762"><span class="ref">[29762] Iª q. 31 a. 4 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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1934 Matth. XI dicitur, nemo novit filium nisi pater; quod idem
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1935 significat ac si diceretur, solus pater novit filium. Sed nosse
53
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1936 filium est commune. Ergo idem quod prius.</p><p title="I q. 31 a. 4 arg. 3"><a name="29763"><span class="ref">[29763] Iª q. 31 a. 4 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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1937 dictio exclusiva non excludit illud quod est de intellectu termini
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1938 cui adiungitur, unde non excludit partem, neque universale, non
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1939 enim sequitur, solus Socrates est albus, ergo manus eius non est
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1940 alba; vel, ergo homo non est albus. Sed una persona est in
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diff changeset
1941 intellectu alterius, sicut pater in intellectu filii, et e
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diff changeset
1942 converso. Non ergo per hoc quod dicitur, solus pater est Deus,
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1943 excluditur filius vel spiritus sanctus. Et sic videtur haec locutio
53
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1944 esse vera.</p><p title="I q. 31 a. 4 arg. 4"><a name="29764"><span class="ref">[29764] Iª q. 31 a. 4 arg. 4</span></a> Praeterea, ab
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1945 Ecclesia cantatur, <i>tu solus altissimus, Iesu Christe</i>.</p><p title="I q. 31 a. 4 s. c."><a name="29765"><span class="ref">[29765] Iª q. 31 a. 4 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra, haec
28
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1946 locutio, solus pater est Deus, habet duas expositivas, scilicet,
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1947 pater est Deus, et, nullus alius a patre est Deus. Sed haec secunda
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1948 est falsa, quia filius alius est a patre, qui est Deus. Ergo et
53
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1949 haec est falsa, solus pater est Deus. Et sic de similibus.</p><p title="I q. 31 a. 4 co."><a name="29766"><span class="ref">[29766] Iª q. 31 a. 4 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
28
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1950 quod, cum dicimus, solus pater est Deus, haec propositio potest
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1951 habere multiplicem intellectum. Si enim solus ponat solitudinem
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1952 circa patrem, sic est falsa, secundum quod sumitur categorematice.
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1953 Secundum vero quod sumitur syncategorematice, sic iterum potest
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1954 intelligi multipliciter. Quia si excludat a forma subiecti, sic est
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1955 vera, ut sit sensus, solus pater est Deus, idest, ille cum quo
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1956 nullus alius est pater, est Deus. Et hoc modo exponit Augustinus,
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diff changeset
1957 in VI de Trin., cum dicit, <i>solum patrem dicimus, non quia
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1958 separatur a filio vel spiritu sancto; sed hoc dicentes,
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1959 significamus quod illi simul cum eo non sunt pater</i>. Sed hic
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diff changeset
1960 sensus non habetur ex consueto modo loquendi, nisi intellecta
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1961 aliqua implicatione, ut si dicatur, ille qui solus dicitur pater,
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1962 est Deus. Secundum vero proprium sensum, excludit a consortio
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1963 praedicati. Et sic haec propositio est falsa, si excludit alium
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1964 masculine, est autem vera, si excludit aliud neutraliter tantum,
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1965 quia filius est alius a patre, non tamen aliud; similiter et
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1966 spiritus sanctus. Sed quia haec dictio solus respicit proprie
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1967 subiectum, ut dictum est, magis se habet ad excludendum alium quam
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1968 aliud. Unde non est extendenda talis locutio; sed pie exponenda,
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1969 sicubi inveniatur in authentica Scriptura.</p><p title="I q. 31 a. 4 ad 1"><a name="29767"><span class="ref">[29767] Iª q. 31 a. 4 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28
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1970 dicendum quod, cum dicimus, te solum Deum verum, non intelligitur
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1971 de persona patris, sed de tota Trinitate, ut Augustinus exponit.
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1972 Vel, si intelligatur de persona patris, non excluduntur aliae
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1973 personae, propter essentiae unitatem, prout ly solus excludit
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1974 tantum aliud, ut dictum est.</p><p title="I q. 31 a. 4 ad 2"><a name="29768"><span class="ref">[29768] Iª q. 31 a. 4 ad 2</span></a> Et similiter
28
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1975 dicendum est ad secundum. Cum enim aliquid essentiale dicitur de
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diff changeset
1976 patre, non excluditur filius vel spiritus sanctus, propter
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diff changeset
1977 essentiae unitatem. Tamen sciendum est quod in auctoritate
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diff changeset
1978 praedicta, haec dictio nemo non idem est quod nullus homo, quod
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diff changeset
1979 videtur significare vocabulum (non enim posset excipi persona
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diff changeset
1980 patris), sed sumitur, secundum usum loquendi, distributive pro
53
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1981 quacumque rationali natura.</p><p title="I q. 31 a. 4 ad 3"><a name="29769"><span class="ref">[29769] Iª q. 31 a. 4 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
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diff changeset
1982 dicendum quod dictio exclusiva non excludit illa quae sunt de
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diff changeset
1983 intellectu termini cui adiungitur, si non differunt secundum
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diff changeset
1984 suppositum, ut pars et universale. Sed filius differt supposito a
53
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1985 patre, et ideo non est similis ratio.</p><p title="I q. 31 a. 4 ad 4"><a name="29770"><span class="ref">[29770] Iª q. 31 a. 4 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
28
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diff changeset
1986 dicendum quod non dicimus absolute quod solus filius sit
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1987 altissimus, sed quod solus sit altissimus cum spiritu sancto, in
53
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1988 gloria Dei patris.</p></div></div><div class="q" id="q32"><h2>Quaestio 32</h2><div class="p"><h3>Prooemium</h3><p title="I q. 32 pr."><a name="29771"><span class="ref">[29771]
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1989 Iª q. 32 pr.</span></a> Consequenter inquirendum est de
28
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diff changeset
1990 cognitione divinarum personarum. Et circa hoc quaeruntur quatuor.
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diff changeset
1991 Primo, utrum per rationem naturalem possint cognosci divinae
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1992 personae. Secundo, utrum sint aliquae notiones divinis personis
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1993 attribuendae. Tertio, de numero notionum. Quarto, utrum liceat
53
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1994 diversimode circa notiones opinari.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 1</h3><p title="I q. 32 a. 1 arg. 1"><a name="29772"><span class="ref">[29772] Iª q. 32 a. 1 arg. 1</span></a> Ad primum sic
28
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diff changeset
1995 proceditur. Videtur quod Trinitas divinarum personarum possit per
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diff changeset
1996 naturalem rationem cognosci. Philosophi enim non devenerunt in Dei
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diff changeset
1997 cognitionem nisi per rationem naturalem, inveniuntur autem a
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diff changeset
1998 philosophis multa dicta de Trinitate personarum. Dicit enim
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diff changeset
1999 Aristoteles, in I de caelo et mundo, per hunc numerum, scilicet
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2000 ternarium, <i>adhibuimus nos ipsos magnificare Deum unum, eminentem
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diff changeset
2001 proprietatibus eorum quae sunt creata</i>. Augustinus etiam dicit,
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diff changeset
2002 VII Confes., ibi legi, scilicet in libris Platonicorum, <i>non
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diff changeset
2003 quidem his verbis, sed hoc idem omnino, multis et multiplicibus
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diff changeset
2004 suaderi rationibus, quod in principio erat verbum, et verbum erat
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diff changeset
2005 apud Deum, et Deus erat verbum</i>, et huiusmodi quae ibi
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diff changeset
2006 sequuntur, in quibus verbis distinctio divinarum personarum
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diff changeset
2007 traditur. Dicitur etiam in Glossa Rom. I, et Exod. VIII, quod magi
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diff changeset
2008 Pharaonis defecerunt in tertio signo, idest in notitia tertiae
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diff changeset
2009 personae, scilicet spiritus sancti, et sic ad minus duas
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diff changeset
2010 cognoverunt. Trismegistus etiam dixit, <i>monas genuit monadem, et
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diff changeset
2011 in se suum reflexit ardorem</i>, per quod videtur generatio filii,
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diff changeset
2012 et spiritus sancti processio intimari. Cognitio ergo divinarum
53
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2013 personarum potest per rationem naturalem haberi.</p><p title="I q. 32 a. 1 arg. 2"><a name="29773"><span class="ref">[29773] Iª q. 32 a. 1 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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diff changeset
2014 Ricardus de sancto Victore dicit, in libro de Trin., <i>credo sine
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diff changeset
2015 dubio quod ad quamcumque explanationem veritatis, non modo
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diff changeset
2016 probabilia, imo etiam necessaria argumenta non desint</i>. Unde
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diff changeset
2017 etiam ad probandum Trinitatem personarum, aliqui induxerunt
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diff changeset
2018 rationem ex infinitate bonitatis divinae, quae seipsam infinite
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diff changeset
2019 communicat in processione divinarum personarum. Quidam vero per
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diff changeset
2020 hoc, quod <i>nullius boni sine consortio potest esse iucunda
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diff changeset
2021 possessio</i>. Augustinus vero procedit ad manifestandum Trinitatem
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diff changeset
2022 personarum, ex processione verbi et amoris in mente nostra, quam
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diff changeset
2023 viam supra secuti sumus. Ergo per rationem naturalem potest
53
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2024 cognosci Trinitas personarum.</p><p title="I q. 32 a. 1 arg. 3"><a name="29774"><span class="ref">[29774] Iª q. 32 a. 1 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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diff changeset
2025 superfluum videtur homini tradere quod humana ratione cognosci non
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diff changeset
2026 potest. Sed non est dicendum quod traditio divina de cognitione
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diff changeset
2027 Trinitatis sit superflua. Ergo Trinitas personarum ratione humana
53
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2028 cognosci potest.</p><p title="I q. 32 a. 1 s. c."><a name="29775"><span class="ref">[29775] Iª q. 32 a. 1 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28
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diff changeset
2029 quod Hilarius dicit, in libro II de Trin., <i>non putet homo sua
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diff changeset
2030 intelligentia generationis sacramentum posse consequi</i>.
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diff changeset
2031 Ambrosius etiam dicit, <i>impossibile est generationis scire
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diff changeset
2032 secretum, mens deficit, vox silet</i>. Sed per originem
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diff changeset
2033 generationis et processionis distinguitur Trinitas in personis
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diff changeset
2034 divinis, ut ex supra dictis patet. Cum ergo illud homo non possit
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diff changeset
2035 scire et intelligentia consequi, ad quod ratio necessaria haberi
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diff changeset
2036 non potest, sequitur quod Trinitas personarum per rationem cognosci
53
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2037 non possit.</p><p title="I q. 32 a. 1 co."><a name="29776"><span class="ref">[29776] Iª q. 32 a. 1 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
28
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diff changeset
2038 quod impossibile est per rationem naturalem ad cognitionem
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diff changeset
2039 Trinitatis divinarum personarum pervenire. Ostensum est enim supra
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diff changeset
2040 quod homo per rationem naturalem in cognitionem Dei pervenire non
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diff changeset
2041 potest nisi ex creaturis. Creaturae autem ducunt in Dei
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diff changeset
2042 cognitionem, sicut effectus in causam. Hoc igitur solum ratione
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diff changeset
2043 naturali de Deo cognosci potest, quod competere ei necesse est
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diff changeset
2044 secundum quod est omnium entium principium, et hoc fundamento usi
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diff changeset
2045 sumus supra in consideratione Dei. Virtus autem creativa Dei est
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diff changeset
2046 communis toti Trinitati, unde pertinet ad unitatem essentiae, non
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diff changeset
2047 ad distinctionem personarum. Per rationem igitur naturalem cognosci
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diff changeset
2048 possunt de Deo ea quae pertinent ad unitatem essentiae, non autem
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diff changeset
2049 ea quae pertinent ad distinctionem personarum. Qui autem probare
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diff changeset
2050 nititur Trinitatem personarum naturali ratione, fidei dupliciter
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diff changeset
2051 derogat. Primo quidem, quantum ad dignitatem ipsius fidei, quae est
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diff changeset
2052 ut sit de rebus invisibilibus, quae rationem humanam excedunt. Unde
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diff changeset
2053 apostolus dicit, ad Heb. XI, quod fides est de non apparentibus. Et
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diff changeset
2054 apostolus dicit, I Cor. II, <i>sapientiam loquimur inter perfectos,
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diff changeset
2055 sapientiam vero non huius saeculi, neque principum huius saeculi;
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diff changeset
2056 sed loquimur Dei sapientiam in mysterio, quae abscondita est</i>.
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diff changeset
2057 Secundo, quantum ad utilitatem trahendi alios ad fidem. Cum enim
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diff changeset
2058 aliquis ad probandam fidem inducit rationes quae non sunt cogentes,
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diff changeset
2059 cedit in irrisionem infidelium, credunt enim quod huiusmodi
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diff changeset
2060 rationibus innitamur, et propter eas credamus. Quae igitur fidei
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diff changeset
2061 sunt, non sunt tentanda probare nisi per auctoritates, his qui
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diff changeset
2062 auctoritates suscipiunt. Apud alios vero, sufficit defendere non
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diff changeset
2063 esse impossibile quod praedicat fides. Unde Dionysius dicit, II
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diff changeset
2064 cap. de Div. Nom., <i>si aliquis est qui totaliter eloquiis
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diff changeset
2065 resistit, longe erit a nostra philosophia; si autem ad veritatem
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diff changeset
2066 eloquiorum</i>, scilicet sacrorum, respicit, hoc et nos canone
53
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diff changeset
2067 utimur.</p><p title="I q. 32 a. 1 ad 1"><a name="29777"><span class="ref">[29777] Iª q. 32 a. 1 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28
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2068 dicendum quod philosophi non cognoverunt mysterium Trinitatis
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diff changeset
2069 divinarum personarum per propria, quae sunt paternitas, filiatio et
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diff changeset
2070 processio; secundum illud apostoli, I ad Cor. II, <i>loquimur Dei
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diff changeset
2071 sapientiam, quam nemo principum huius saeculi cognovit</i>, idest
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diff changeset
2072 philosophorum, secundum Glossam. Cognoverunt tamen quaedam
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diff changeset
2073 essentialia attributa quae appropriantur personis, sicut potentia
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diff changeset
2074 patri, sapientia filio, bonitas spiritui sancto, ut infra patebit.
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diff changeset
2075 Quod ergo Aristoteles dicit, <i>per hunc numerum adhibuimus nos
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diff changeset
2076 ipsos</i> etc., non est sic intelligendum, quod ipse poneret
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diff changeset
2077 ternarium numerum in divinis, sed vult dicere quod antiqui
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diff changeset
2078 utebantur ternario numero in sacrificiis et orationibus, propter
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diff changeset
2079 quandam ternarii numeri perfectionem. In libris etiam Platonicorum
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diff changeset
2080 invenitur <i>in principio erat verum</i>, non secundum quod verbum
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diff changeset
2081 significat personam genitam in divinis, sed secundum quod per
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diff changeset
2082 verbum intelligitur ratio idealis, per quam Deus omnia condidit,
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diff changeset
2083 quae filio appropriatur. Et licet appropriata tribus personis
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diff changeset
2084 cognoscerent, dicuntur tamen in tertio signo defecisse, idest in
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diff changeset
2085 cognitione tertiae personae, quia a bonitate, quae spiritui sancto
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diff changeset
2086 appropriatur, deviaverunt, dum cognoscentes Deum, non sicut Deum
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diff changeset
2087 glorificaverunt, ut dicitur Rom. I. Vel, quia ponebant Platonici
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diff changeset
2088 unum primum ens, quod etiam dicebant esse patrem totius
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diff changeset
2089 universitatis rerum, consequenter ponebant aliam substantiam sub
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diff changeset
2090 eo, quam vocabant mentem vel paternum intellectum, in qua erant
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diff changeset
2091 rationes omnium rerum, sicut Macrobius recitat super somnium
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diff changeset
2092 Scipionis, non autem ponebant aliquam substantiam tertiam
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diff changeset
2093 separatam, quae videretur spiritui sancto respondere. Sic autem nos
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diff changeset
2094 non ponimus patrem et filium, secundum substantiam differentes, sed
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diff changeset
2095 hoc fuit error Origenis et Arii. Sequentium in hoc Platonicos. Quod
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diff changeset
2096 vero Trismegistus dixit, <i>monas monadem genuit, et in se suum
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diff changeset
2097 reflexit ardorem</i>, non est referendum ad generationem filii vel
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diff changeset
2098 processionem spiritus sancti, sed ad productionem mundi, nam unus
53
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2099 Deus produxit unum mundum propter sui ipsius amorem.</p><p title="I q. 32 a. 1 ad 2"><a name="29778"><span class="ref">[29778] Iª q. 32 a. 1 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
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2100 dicendum quod ad aliquam rem dupliciter inducitur ratio. Uno modo,
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diff changeset
2101 ad probandum sufficienter aliquam radicem, sicut in scientia
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diff changeset
2102 naturali inducitur ratio sufficiens ad probandum quod motus caeli
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diff changeset
2103 semper sit uniformis velocitatis. Alio modo inducitur ratio, non
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diff changeset
2104 quae sufficienter probet radicem, sed quae radici iam positae
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diff changeset
2105 ostendat congruere consequentes effectus, sicut in astrologia
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diff changeset
2106 ponitur ratio excentricorum et epicyclorum ex hoc quod, hac
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diff changeset
2107 positione facta, possunt salvari apparentia sensibilia circa motus
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diff changeset
2108 caelestes, non tamen ratio haec est sufficienter probans, quia
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diff changeset
2109 etiam forte alia positione facta salvari possent. Primo ergo modo
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diff changeset
2110 potest induci ratio ad probandum Deum esse unum, et similia. Sed
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diff changeset
2111 secundo modo se habet ratio quae inducitur ad manifestationem
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diff changeset
2112 Trinitatis, quia scilicet, Trinitate posita, congruunt huiusmodi
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diff changeset
2113 rationes; non tamen ita quod per has rationes sufficienter probetur
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diff changeset
2114 Trinitas personarum. Et hoc patet per singula. Bonitas enim
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diff changeset
2115 infinita Dei manifestatur etiam in productione creaturarum, quia
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diff changeset
2116 infinitae virtutis est ex nihilo producere. Non enim oportet, si
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diff changeset
2117 infinita bonitate se communicat, quod aliquid infinitum a Deo
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diff changeset
2118 procedat, sed secundum modum suum recipiat divinam bonitatem.
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diff changeset
2119 Similiter etiam quod dicitur, quod <i>sine consortio non potest
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diff changeset
2120 esse iucunda possessio alicuius boni</i>, locum habet quando in una
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diff changeset
2121 persona non invenitur perfecta bonitas; unde indiget, ad plenam
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diff changeset
2122 iucunditatis bonitatem, bono alicuius alterius consociati sibi.
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diff changeset
2123 Similitudo autem intellectus nostri non sufficienter probat aliquid
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diff changeset
2124 de Deo, propter hoc quod intellectus non univoce invenitur in Deo
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2125 et in nobis. Et inde est quod Augustinus, super Ioan., dicit quod
53
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2126 per fidem venitur ad cognitionem, et non e converso.</p><p title="I q. 32 a. 1 ad 3"><a name="29779"><span class="ref">[29779] Iª q. 32 a. 1 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
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diff changeset
2127 dicendum quod cognitio divinarum personarum fuit necessaria nobis
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diff changeset
2128 dupliciter. Uno modo, ad recte sentiendum de creatione rerum. Per
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diff changeset
2129 hoc enim quod dicimus Deum omnia fecisse verbo suo, excluditur
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diff changeset
2130 error ponentium Deum produxisse res ex necessitate naturae. Per hoc
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diff changeset
2131 autem quod ponimus in eo processionem amoris, ostenditur quod Deus
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diff changeset
2132 non propter aliquam indigentiam creaturas produxit, neque propter
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diff changeset
2133 aliquam aliam causam extrinsecam; sed propter amorem suae
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diff changeset
2134 bonitatis. Unde et Moyses, postquam dixerat, in principio creavit
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diff changeset
2135 Deus caelum et terram, subdit, dixit Deus, fiat lux, ad
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diff changeset
2136 manifestationem divini verbi; et postea dixit, vidit Deus lucem,
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diff changeset
2137 quod esset bona, ad ostendendum approbationem divini amoris; et
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diff changeset
2138 similiter in aliis operibus. Alio modo, et principalius, ad recte
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diff changeset
2139 sentiendum de salute generis humani, quae perficitur per filium
53
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2140 incarnatum, et per donum spiritus sancti.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 2</h3><p title="I q. 32 a. 2 arg. 1"><a name="29780"><span class="ref">[29780] Iª q. 32 a. 2 arg. 1</span></a> Ad secundum sic
28
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diff changeset
2141 proceditur. Videtur quod non sint ponendae notiones in divinis.
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diff changeset
2142 Dicit enim Dionysius, in I cap. de Div. Nom., quod <i>non est
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diff changeset
2143 audendum dicere aliquid de Deo, praeter ea quae nobis ex sacris
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diff changeset
2144 eloquiis sunt expressa</i>. Sed de notionibus nulla fit mentio in
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diff changeset
2145 eloquiis sacrae Scripturae. Ergo non sunt ponendae notiones in
53
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diff changeset
2146 divinis.</p><p title="I q. 32 a. 2 arg. 2"><a name="29781"><span class="ref">[29781] Iª q. 32 a. 2 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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diff changeset
2147 quidquid ponitur in divinis, aut pertinet ad unitatem essentiae,
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diff changeset
2148 aut ad Trinitatem personarum. Sed notiones non pertinent ad
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diff changeset
2149 unitatem essentiae, nec ad Trinitatem personarum. De notionibus
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diff changeset
2150 enim neque praedicantur ea quae sunt essentiae, non enim dicimus
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diff changeset
2151 quod paternitas sit sapiens vel creet, neque etiam ea quae sunt
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diff changeset
2152 personae; non enim dicimus quod paternitas generet et filiatio
53
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diff changeset
2153 generetur. Ergo non sunt ponendae notiones in divinis.</p><p title="I q. 32 a. 2 arg. 3"><a name="29782"><span class="ref">[29782] Iª q. 32 a. 2 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea, in
28
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2154 simplicibus non sunt ponenda aliqua abstracta, quae sint principia
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diff changeset
2155 cognoscendi, quia cognoscuntur seipsis. Sed divinae personae sunt
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diff changeset
2156 simplicissimae. Ergo non sunt ponendae in divinis personis
53
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diff changeset
2157 notiones.</p><p title="I q. 32 a. 2 s. c."><a name="29783"><span class="ref">[29783] Iª q. 32 a. 2 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28
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2158 quod dicit Ioannes Damascenus, differentiam hypostaseon, idest
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diff changeset
2159 personarum, in tribus proprietatibus, <i>idest paternali et filiali
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diff changeset
2160 et processionali, recognoscimus</i>. Sunt ergo ponendae
53
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diff changeset
2161 proprietates et notiones in divinis.</p><p title="I q. 32 a. 2 co."><a name="29784"><span class="ref">[29784] Iª q. 32 a. 2 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
28
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diff changeset
2162 quod Praepositivus, attendens simplicitatem personarum, dixit non
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diff changeset
2163 esse ponendas proprietates et notiones in divinis, et sicubi
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2164 inveniantur, exponit abstractum pro concreto, sicut enim
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2165 consuevimus dicere, rogo benignitatem tuam, idest te benignum, ita
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2166 cum dicitur in divinis paternitas, intelligitur Deus pater. Sed,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2167 sicut ostensum est supra, divinae simplicitati non praeiudicat quod
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2168 in divinis utamur nominibus concretis et abstractis. Quia secundum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2169 quod intelligimus, sic nominamus. Intellectus autem noster non
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2170 potest pertingere ad ipsam simplicitatem divinam, secundum quod in
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2171 se est consideranda, et ideo secundum modum suum divina apprehendit
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2172 et nominat, idest secundum quod invenitur in rebus sensibilibus, a
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diff changeset
2173 quibus cognitionem accipit. In quibus, ad significandum simplices
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2174 formas, nominibus abstractis utimur, ad significandum vero res
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2175 subsistentes, utimur nominibus concretis. Unde et divina, sicut
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2176 supra dictum est, ratione simplicitatis, per nomina abstracta
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2177 significamus, ratione vero subsistentiae et complementi, per nomina
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2178 concreta. Oportet autem non solum nomina essentialia in abstracto
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2179 et in concreto significare, ut cum dicimus deitatem et Deum, vel
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2180 sapientiam et sapientem; sed etiam personalia, ut dicamus
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2181 paternitatem et patrem. Ad quod duo praecipue nos cogunt. Primo
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2182 quidem, haereticorum instantia. Cum enim confiteamur patrem et
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2183 filium et spiritum sanctum esse unum Deum et tres personas,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2184 quaerentibus quo sunt unus Deus, et quo sunt tres personae, sicut
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2185 respondetur quod sunt essentia vel deitate unum, ita oportuit esse
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2186 aliqua nomina abstracta, quibus responderi possit personas
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2187 distingui. Et huiusmodi sunt proprietates vel notiones in abstracto
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diff changeset
2188 significatae, ut paternitas et filiatio. Et ideo essentia
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2189 significatur in divinis ut quid, persona vero ut quis, proprietas
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2190 autem ut quo. Secundo, quia una persona invenitur in divinis
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2191 referri ad duas personas, scilicet persona patris ad personam filii
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2192 et personam spiritus sancti. Non autem una relatione, quia sic
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2193 sequeretur quod etiam filius et spiritus sanctus una et eadem
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2194 relatione referrentur ad patrem; et sic, cum sola relatio in
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2195 divinis multiplicet Trinitatem, sequeretur quod filius et spiritus
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diff changeset
2196 sanctus non essent duae personae. Neque potest dici, ut
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diff changeset
2197 Praepositivus dicebat, quod sicut Deus uno modo se habet ad
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diff changeset
2198 creaturas, cum tamen creaturae diversimode se habeant ad ipsum, sic
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2199 pater una relatione refertur ad filium et ad spiritum sanctum, cum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2200 tamen illi duo duabus relationibus referantur ad patrem. Quia cum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2201 ratio specifica relativi consistat in hoc quod ad aliud se habet,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2202 necesse est dicere quod duae relationes non sunt diversae secundum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2203 speciem, si ex opposito una relatio eis correspondeat, oportet enim
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2204 aliam speciem relationis esse domini et patris, secundum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2205 diversitatem filiationis et servitutis. Omnes autem creaturae sub
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2206 una specie relationis referuntur ad Deum, ut sunt creaturae ipsius,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2207 filius autem et spiritus sanctus non secundum relationes unius
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2208 rationis referuntur ad patrem, unde non est simile. Et iterum, in
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2209 Deo non requiritur relatio realis ad creaturam, ut supra dictum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2210 est, relationes autem rationis in Deo multiplicare non est
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2211 inconveniens. Sed in patre oportet esse relationem realem qua
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2212 refertur ad filium et spiritum sanctum, unde secundum duas
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2213 relationes filii et spiritus sancti quibus referuntur ad patrem,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2214 oportet intelligi duas relationes in patre, quibus referatur ad
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2215 filium et spiritum sanctum. Unde, cum non sit nisi una patris
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2216 persona, necesse fuit seorsum significari relationes in abstracto,
53
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diff changeset
2217 quae dicuntur proprietates et notiones.</p><p title="I q. 32 a. 2 ad 1"><a name="29785"><span class="ref">[29785] Iª q. 32 a. 2 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2218 dicendum quod, licet de notionibus non fiat mentio in sacra
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diff changeset
2219 Scriptura, fit tamen mentio de personis, in quibus intelliguntur
53
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parents: 28
diff changeset
2220 notiones, sicut abstractum in concreto.</p><p title="I q. 32 a. 2 ad 2"><a name="29786"><span class="ref">[29786] Iª q. 32 a. 2 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2221 dicendum quod notiones significantur in divinis, non ut res, sed ut
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2222 rationes quaedam quibus cognoscuntur personae; licet ipsae notiones
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2223 vel relationes realiter sint in Deo, ut supra dictum est. Et ideo
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2224 ea quae habent ordinem aliquem ad actum aliquem essentialem vel
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2225 personalem, non possunt dici de notionibus, quia hoc repugnat modo
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2226 significandi ipsarum. Unde non possumus dicere quod paternitas
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2227 generet vel creet, sit sapiens vel intelligens. Essentialia vero
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2228 quae non habent ordinem ad aliquem actum, sed removent conditiones
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2229 creaturae a Deo possunt praedicari de notionibus, possumus enim
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2230 dicere quod paternitas est aeterna vel immensa, vel quodcumque
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2231 huiusmodi. Et similiter, propter identitatem rei, possunt
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2232 substantiva personalia et essentialia praedicari de notionibus,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2233 possumus enim dicere quod paternitas est Deus, et paternitas est
53
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parents: 28
diff changeset
2234 pater.</p><p title="I q. 32 a. 2 ad 3"><a name="29787"><span class="ref">[29787] Iª q. 32 a. 2 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2235 dicendum quod, licet personae sint simplices, tamen absque
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2236 praeiudicio simplicitatis possunt propriae rationes personarum in
53
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diff changeset
2237 abstracto significari, ut dictum est.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 3</h3><p title="I q. 32 a. 3 arg. 1"><a name="29788"><span class="ref">[29788] Iª q. 32 a. 3 arg. 1</span></a> Ad tertium sic
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2238 proceditur. Videtur quod non sint quinque notiones. Propriae enim
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2239 notiones personarum sunt relationes quibus distinguuntur. Sed
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2240 relationes in divinis non sunt nisi quatuor, ut supra dictum est.
53
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diff changeset
2241 Ergo et notiones sunt tantum quatuor.</p><p title="I q. 32 a. 3 arg. 2"><a name="29789"><span class="ref">[29789] Iª q. 32 a. 3 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2242 propter hoc quod in divinis est una essentia, dicitur Deus unus,
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diff changeset
2243 propter hoc autem quod sunt tres personae, dicitur Deus trinus. Si
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diff changeset
2244 ergo in divinis sunt quinque notiones, dicetur quinus, quod est
53
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diff changeset
2245 inconveniens.</p><p title="I q. 32 a. 3 arg. 3"><a name="29790"><span class="ref">[29790] Iª q. 32 a. 3 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea, si,
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2246 tribus personis existentibus in divinis, sunt quinque notiones,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2247 oportet quod in aliqua personarum sint aliquae notiones duae vel
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diff changeset
2248 plures; sicut in persona patris ponitur innascibilitas et
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diff changeset
2249 paternitas et communis spiratio. Aut igitur istae tres notiones
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2250 differunt re, aut non. Si differunt re, sequitur quod persona
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2251 patris sit composita ex pluribus rebus. Si autem differunt ratione
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2252 tantum, sequitur quod una earum possit de alia praedicari, ut
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2253 dicamus quod, sicut bonitas divina est eius sapientia propter
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diff changeset
2254 indifferentiam rei, ita communis spiratio sit paternitas, quod non
53
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diff changeset
2255 conceditur. Igitur non sunt quinque notiones.</p><p title="I q. 32 a. 3 s. c. 1"><a name="29791"><span class="ref">[29791] Iª q. 32 a. 3 s. c. 1</span></a> Sed contra,
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2256 videtur quod sint plures. Quia sicut pater a nullo est, et secundum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2257 hoc accipitur notio quae dicitur innascibilitas, ita a spiritu
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2258 sancto non est alia persona. Et secundum hoc oportebit accipere
53
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diff changeset
2259 sextam notionem.</p><p title="I q. 32 a. 3 s. c. 2"><a name="29792"><span class="ref">[29792] Iª q. 32 a. 3 s. c. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2260 sicut patri et filio commune est quod ab eis procedat spiritus
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2261 sanctus, ita commune est filio et spiritui sancto quod procedant a
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2262 patre. Ergo, sicut una notio ponitur communis patri et filio, ita
53
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diff changeset
2263 debet poni una notio communis filio et spiritui sancto.</p><p title="I q. 32 a. 3 co."><a name="29793"><span class="ref">[29793] Iª q. 32 a. 3 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2264 quod notio dicitur id quod est propria ratio cognoscendi divinam
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diff changeset
2265 personam. Divinae autem personae multiplicantur secundum originem.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2266 Ad originem autem pertinet a quo alius, et qui ab alio, et secundum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2267 hos duos modos potest innotescere persona. Igitur persona patris
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2268 non potest innotescere per hoc quod sit ab alio, sed per hoc quod a
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2269 nullo est, et sic ex hac parte eius notio est innascibilitas. Sed
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2270 inquantum aliquis est ab eo, innotescit dupliciter. Quia inquantum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2271 filius est ab eo, innotescit notione paternitatis, inquantum autem
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2272 spiritus sanctus est ab eo, innotescit notione communis
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2273 spirationis. Filius autem potest innotescere per hoc quod est ab
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2274 alio nascendo, et sic innotescit per filiationem. Et per hoc quod
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2275 est alius ab eo, scilicet spiritus sanctus, et per hoc innotescit
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2276 eodem modo sicut et pater, scilicet communi spiratione. Spiritus
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2277 sanctus autem innotescere potest per hoc quod est ab alio vel ab
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2278 aliis, et sic innotescit processione. Non autem per hoc quod alius
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2279 sit ab eo, quia nulla divina persona procedit ab eo. Sunt igitur
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2280 quinque notiones in divinis, scilicet innascibilitas, paternitas,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2281 filiatio, communis spiratio et processio. Harum autem tantum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2282 quatuor sunt relationes, nam innascibilitas non est relatio nisi
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2283 per reductionem, ut infra dicetur. Quatuor autem tantum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2284 proprietates sunt, nam communis spiratio non est proprietas, quia
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2285 convenit duabus personis. Tres autem sunt notiones personales,
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2286 idest constituentes personas, scilicet paternitas, filiatio et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2287 processio, nam communis spiratio et innascibilitas dicuntur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2288 notiones personarum, non autem personales, ut infra magis
53
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ht
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diff changeset
2289 patebit.</p><p title="I q. 32 a. 3 ad 1"><a name="29794"><span class="ref">[29794] Iª q. 32 a. 3 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2290 dicendum quod praeter quatuor relationes oportet ponere aliam
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
2291 notionem, ut dictum est.</p><p title="I q. 32 a. 3 ad 2"><a name="29795"><span class="ref">[29795] Iª q. 32 a. 3 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2292 dicendum quod essentia in divinis significatur ut res quaedam; et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2293 similiter personae significantur ut res quaedam sed notiones
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2294 significantur ut rationes notificantes personas. Et ideo, licet
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2295 dicatur Deus unus propter unitatem essentiae, et trinus propter
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2296 Trinitatem personarum; non tamen dicitur quinus propter quinque
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
2297 notiones.</p><p title="I q. 32 a. 3 ad 3"><a name="29796"><span class="ref">[29796] Iª q. 32 a. 3 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2298 dicendum quod, cum sola oppositio relativa faciat pluralitatem
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2299 realem in divinis, plures proprietates unius personae, cum non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2300 opponantur ad invicem relative, non differunt realiter. Nec tamen
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2301 de invicem praedicantur, quia significantur ut diversae rationes
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2302 personarum. Sicut etiam non dicimus quod attributum potentiae sit
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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diff changeset
2303 attributum scientiae, licet dicamus quod scientia sit potentia.</p><p title="I q. 32 a. 3 ad 4"><a name="29797"><span class="ref">[29797] Iª q. 32 a. 3 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2304 dicendum quod, cum persona importet dignitatem, ut supra dictum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2305 est, non potest accipi notio aliqua spiritus sancti ex hoc quod
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2306 nulla persona est ab ipso. Hoc enim non pertinet ad dignitatem
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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diff changeset
2307 ipsius; sicut pertinet ad auctoritatem patris quod sit a nullo.</p><p title="I q. 32 a. 3 ad 5"><a name="29798"><span class="ref">[29798] Iª q. 32 a. 3 ad 5</span></a> Ad quintum
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2308 dicendum quod filius et spiritus sanctus non conveniunt in uno
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2309 speciali modo existendi a patre; sicut pater et filius conveniunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2310 in uno speciali modo producendi spiritum sanctum. Id autem quod est
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2311 principium innotescendi, oportet esse aliquid speciale. Et ideo non
53
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diff changeset
2312 est simile.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 4</h3><p title="I q. 32 a. 4 arg. 1"><a name="29799"><span class="ref">[29799] Iª q. 32 a. 4 arg. 1</span></a> Ad quartum sic
28
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diff changeset
2313 proceditur. Videtur quod non liceat contrarie opinari de
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2314 notionibus. Dicit enim Augustinus, in I de Trin., quod non erratur
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2315 alicubi periculosius quam in materia Trinitatis, ad quam certum est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2316 notiones pertinere. Sed contrariae opiniones non possunt esse
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
2317 absque errore. Ergo contrarie opinari circa notiones non licet.</p><p title="I q. 32 a. 4 arg. 2"><a name="29800"><span class="ref">[29800] Iª q. 32 a. 4 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea, per
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2318 notiones cognoscuntur personae, ut dictum est. Sed circa personas
53
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parents: 28
diff changeset
2319 non licet contrarie opinari. Ergo nec circa notiones.</p><p title="I q. 32 a. 4 s. c."><a name="29801"><span class="ref">[29801] Iª q. 32 a. 4 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2320 articuli fidei non sunt de notionibus. Ergo circa notiones licet
53
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parents: 28
diff changeset
2321 sic vel aliter opinari.</p><p title="I q. 32 a. 4 co."><a name="29802"><span class="ref">[29802] Iª q. 32 a. 4 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2322 quod ad fidem pertinet aliquid dupliciter. Uno modo, directe; sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2323 ea quae nobis sunt principaliter divinitus tradita, ut Deum esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2324 trinum et unum, filium Dei esse incarnatum, et huiusmodi. Et circa
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2325 haec opinari falsum, hoc ipso inducit haeresim, maxime si
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2326 pertinacia adiungatur. Indirecte vero ad fidem pertinent ea ex
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2327 quibus consequitur aliquid contrarium fidei; sicut si quis diceret
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2328 Samuelem non fuisse filium Elcanae; ex hoc enim sequitur Scripturam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2329 divinam esse falsam. Circa huiusmodi ergo absque periculo haeresis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2330 aliquis falsum potest opinari, antequam consideretur, vel
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2331 determinatum sit, quod ex hoc sequitur aliquid contrarium fidei, et
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2332 maxime si non pertinaciter adhaereat. Sed postquam manifestum est,
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2333 et praecipue si sit per Ecclesiam determinatum, quod ex hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2334 sequitur aliquid contrarium fidei, in hoc errare non esset absque
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2335 haeresi. Et propter hoc, multa nunc reputantur haeretica, quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2336 prius non reputabantur, propter hoc quod nunc est magis manifestum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2337 quid ex eis sequatur. Sic igitur dicendum est quod circa notiones
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2338 aliqui absque periculo haeresis contrarie sunt opinati, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2339 intendentes sustinere aliquid contrarium fidei. Sed si quis falsum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2340 opinaretur circa notiones, considerans quod ex hoc sequatur aliquid
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
2341 contrarium fidei, in haeresim laberetur.</p><p title="I q. 32 a. 4 ad arg."><a name="29803"><span class="ref">[29803] Iª q. 32 a. 4 ad arg.</span></a> Et per hoc
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
2342 patet responsio ad obiecta.</p></div></div><div class="q" id="q33"><h2>Quaestio 33</h2><div class="p"><h3>Prooemium</h3><p title="I q. 33 pr."><a name="29804"><span class="ref">[29804]
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
2343 Iª q. 33 pr.</span></a> Consequenter considerandum est de
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2344 personis in speciali. Et primo de persona patris. Circa quam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2345 quaeruntur quatuor. Primo, utrum patri competat esse principium.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2346 Secundo, utrum persona patris proprie significetur hoc nomine
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2347 pater. Tertio, utrum per prius dicatur in divinis pater secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2348 quod sumitur personaliter, quam secundum quod sumitur
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
2349 essentialiter. Quarto, utrum sit proprium patri esse ingenitum.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 1</h3><p title="I q. 33 a. 1 arg. 1"><a name="29805"><span class="ref">[29805] Iª q. 33 a. 1 arg. 1</span></a> Ad primum sic
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2350 proceditur. Videtur quod pater non possit dici principium filii vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2351 spiritus sancti. Principium enim et causa idem sunt, secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2352 philosophum. Sed non dicimus patrem esse causam filii. Ergo non
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2353 debet dici quod sit eius principium.</p><p title="I q. 33 a. 1 arg. 2"><a name="29806"><span class="ref">[29806] Iª q. 33 a. 1 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2354 principium dicitur respectu principiati. Si igitur pater est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2355 principium filii, sequitur filium esse principiatum, et per
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2356 consequens esse creatum. Quod videtur esse erroneum.</p><p title="I q. 33 a. 1 arg. 3"><a name="29807"><span class="ref">[29807] Iª q. 33 a. 1 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea, nomen
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2357 principii a prioritate sumitur. Sed in divinis non est prius et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2358 posterius, ut Athanasius dicit. Ergo in divinis non debemus uti
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
2359 nomine principii.</p><p title="I q. 33 a. 1 s. c."><a name="29808"><span class="ref">[29808] Iª q. 33 a. 1 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2360 quod dicit Augustinus, in IV de Trin., <i>pater est principium
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2361 totius deitatis</i>.</p><p title="I q. 33 a. 1 co."><a name="29809"><span class="ref">[29809] Iª q. 33 a. 1 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2362 quod hoc nomen principium nihil aliud significat quam id a quo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2363 aliquid procedit, omne enim a quo aliquid procedit quocumque modo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2364 dicimus esse principium; et e converso. Cum ergo pater sit a quo
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2365 procedit alius, sequitur quod pater est principium.</p><p title="I q. 33 a. 1 ad 1"><a name="29810"><span class="ref">[29810] Iª q. 33 a. 1 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2366 dicendum quod Graeci utuntur in divinis indifferenter nomine
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2367 causae, sicut et nomine principii, sed Latini doctores non utuntur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2368 nomine causae, sed solum nomine principii. Cuius ratio est, quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2369 principium communius est quam causa, sicut causa communius quam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2370 elementum, primus enim terminus, vel etiam prima pars rei dicitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2371 principium, sed non causa. Quanto autem aliquod nomen est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2372 communius, tanto convenientius assumitur in divinis, ut supra
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2373 dictum est, quia nomina, quanto magis specialia sunt, tanto magis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2374 determinant modum convenientem creaturae. Unde hoc nomen causa
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2375 videtur importare diversitatem substantiae, et dependentiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2376 alicuius ab altero; quam non importat nomen principii. In omnibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2377 enim causae generibus, semper invenitur distantia inter causam et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2378 id cuius est causa, secundum aliquam perfectionem aut virtutem. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2379 nomine principii utimur etiam in his quae nullam huiusmodi
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2380 differentiam habent, sed solum secundum quendam ordinem, sicut cum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2381 dicimus punctum esse principium lineae, vel etiam cum dicimus
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2382 primam partem lineae esse principium lineae.</p><p title="I q. 33 a. 1 ad 2"><a name="29811"><span class="ref">[29811] Iª q. 33 a. 1 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2383 dicendum quod apud Graecos invenitur de filio vel spiritu sancto
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2384 dici quod principientur. Sed hoc non est in usu doctorum nostrorum.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2385 Quia licet attribuamus patri aliquid auctoritatis ratione
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2386 principii, nihil tamen ad subiectionem vel minorationem quocumque
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2387 modo pertinens, attribuimus filio vel spiritui sancto, ut vitetur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2388 omnis erroris occasio. Secundum quem modum Hilarius dicit, IX de
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2389 Trin., <i>donantis auctoritate pater maior est; sed minor non est
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2390 filius, cui unum esse donatur</i>.</p><p title="I q. 33 a. 1 ad 3"><a name="29812"><span class="ref">[29812] Iª q. 33 a. 1 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2391 dicendum quod, licet hoc nomen principium, quantum ad id a quo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2392 imponitur ad significandum, videatur a prioritate sumptum; non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2393 tamen significat prioritatem, sed originem. Non enim idem est quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2394 significat nomen, et a quo nomen imponitur, ut supra dictum
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2395 est.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 2</h3><p title="I q. 33 a. 2 arg. 1"><a name="29813"><span class="ref">[29813] Iª q. 33 a. 2 arg. 1</span></a> Ad secundum sic
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2396 proceditur. Videtur quod hoc nomen pater non sit proprie nomen
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2397 divinae personae. Hoc enim nomen pater significat relationem.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2398 Persona autem est substantia individua. Non ergo hoc nomen pater
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2399 est proprie nomen significativum personae.</p><p title="I q. 33 a. 2 arg. 2"><a name="29814"><span class="ref">[29814] Iª q. 33 a. 2 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2400 generans communius est quam pater, nam omnis pater est generans,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2401 sed non e converso. Sed nomen communius magis proprie dicitur in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2402 divinis, ut dictum est. Ergo magis proprium nomen est personae
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2403 divinae generans et genitor, quam pater.</p><p title="I q. 33 a. 2 arg. 3"><a name="29815"><span class="ref">[29815] Iª q. 33 a. 2 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea, nihil
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2404 quod secundum metaphoram dicitur, potest esse nomen proprium
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2405 alicuius. Sed verbum metaphorice apud nos dicitur genitum vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2406 proles, et per consequens ille cuius est verbum, metaphorice
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2407 dicitur pater. Non ergo principium verbi in divinis potest proprie
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2408 dici pater.</p><p title="I q. 33 a. 2 arg. 4"><a name="29816"><span class="ref">[29816] Iª q. 33 a. 2 arg. 4</span></a> Praeterea, omne
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2409 quod proprie dicitur in divinis, per prius dicitur de Deo quam de
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2410 creaturis. Sed generatio per prius videtur dici de creaturis quam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2411 de Deo, verior enim ibi videtur esse generatio, ubi aliquid
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2412 procedit ab alio distinctum non secundum relationem tantum, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2413 etiam secundum essentiam. Ergo nomen patris, quod a generatione
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2414 sumitur, non videtur esse proprium alicuius divinae personae.</p><p title="I q. 33 a. 2 s. c."><a name="29817"><span class="ref">[29817] Iª q. 33 a. 2 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2415 quod dicitur in Psalmo, <i>ipse invocabit me, pater meus es
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2416 tu</i>.</p><p title="I q. 33 a. 2 co."><a name="29818"><span class="ref">[29818] Iª q. 33 a. 2 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2417 quod nomen proprium cuiuslibet personae significat id per quod illa
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2418 persona distinguitur ab omnibus aliis. Sicut enim de ratione
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2419 hominis est anima et corpus, ita de intellectu huius hominis est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2420 haec anima et hoc corpus, ut dicitur in VII Metaphys.; his autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2421 hic homo ab omnibus aliis distinguitur. Id autem per quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2422 distinguitur persona patris ab omnibus aliis, est paternitas. Unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2423 proprium nomen personae patris est hoc nomen pater, quod significat
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2424 paternitatem.</p><p title="I q. 33 a. 2 ad 1"><a name="29819"><span class="ref">[29819] Iª q. 33 a. 2 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2425 dicendum quod apud nos relatio non est subsistens persona, et ideo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2426 hoc nomen pater, apud nos, non significat personam, sed relationem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2427 personae. Non autem est ita in divinis, ut quidam falso opinati
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2428 sunt, nam relatio quam significat hoc nomen pater, est subsistens
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2429 persona. Unde supra dictum est quod hoc nomen persona in divinis
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2430 significat relationem ut subsistentem in divina natura.</p><p title="I q. 33 a. 2 ad 2"><a name="29820"><span class="ref">[29820] Iª q. 33 a. 2 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2431 dicendum quod, secundum philosophum, in II de anima, denominatio
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2432 rei maxime debet fieri a perfectione et fine. Generatio autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2433 significat ut in fieri, sed paternitas significat complementum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2434 generationis. Et ideo potius est nomen divinae personae pater, quam
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2435 generans vel genitor.</p><p title="I q. 33 a. 2 ad 3"><a name="29821"><span class="ref">[29821] Iª q. 33 a. 2 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2436 dicendum quod verbum non est aliquid subsistens in natura humana,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2437 unde non proprie potest dici genitum vel filius. Sed verbum divinum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2438 est aliquid subsistens in natura divina, unde proprie, et non
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2439 metaphorice, dicitur filius, et eius principium, pater.</p><p title="I q. 33 a. 2 ad 4"><a name="29822"><span class="ref">[29822] Iª q. 33 a. 2 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2440 dicendum quod nomen generationis et paternitatis, sicut et alia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2441 nomina quae proprie dicuntur in divinis, per prius dicuntur de Deo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2442 quam de creaturis, quantum ad rem significatam, licet non quantum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2443 ad modum significandi. Unde et apostolus dicit, ad Ephes. III,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2444 <i>flecto genua mea ad patrem domini nostri Iesu Christi, ex quo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2445 omnis paternitas in caelo et in terra nominatur</i>. Quod sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2446 apparet. Manifestum est enim quod generatio accipit speciem a
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2447 termino, qui est forma generati. Et quanto haec fuerit propinquior
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2448 formae generantis, tanto verior et perfectior est generatio; sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2449 generatio univoca est perfectior quam non univoca, nam de ratione
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2450 generantis est, quod generet sibi simile secundum formam. Unde hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2451 ipsum quod in generatione divina est eadem numero forma generantis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2452 et geniti, in rebus autem creatis non est eadem numero, sed specie
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2453 tantum, ostendit quod generatio, et per consequens paternitas, per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2454 prius sit in Deo quam in creaturis. Unde hoc ipsum quod in divinis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2455 est distinctio geniti a generante secundum relationem tantum, ad
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2456 veritatem divinae generationis et paternitatis pertinet.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 3</h3><p title="I q. 33 a. 3 arg. 1"><a name="29823"><span class="ref">[29823] Iª q. 33 a. 3 arg. 1</span></a> Ad tertium sic
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2457 proceditur. Videtur quod hoc nomen pater non dicatur in divinis per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2458 prius secundum quod personaliter sumitur. Commune enim, secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2459 intellectum, est prius proprio. Sed hoc nomen pater, secundum quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2460 personaliter sumitur, est proprium personae patris, secundum vero
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2461 quod sumitur essentialiter est commune toti Trinitati, nam toti
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2462 Trinitati dicimus pater noster. Ergo per prius dicitur pater
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2463 essentialiter sumptum, quam personaliter.</p><p title="I q. 33 a. 3 arg. 2"><a name="29824"><span class="ref">[29824] Iª q. 33 a. 3 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea, in
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2464 his quae sunt eiusdem rationis, non est praedicatio per prius et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2465 posterius. Sed paternitas et filiatio secundum unam rationem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2466 videntur dici secundum quod persona divina est pater filii, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2467 secundum quod tota Trinitas est pater noster vel creaturae, cum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2468 secundum Basilium, accipere sit commune creaturae et filio. Ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2469 non per prius dicitur pater in divinis secundum quod sumitur
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2470 essentialiter, quam secundum quod sumitur personaliter.</p><p title="I q. 33 a. 3 arg. 3"><a name="29825"><span class="ref">[29825] Iª q. 33 a. 3 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea, inter
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2471 ea quae non dicuntur secundum rationem unam, non potest esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2472 comparatio. Sed filius comparatur creaturae in ratione filiationis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2473 vel generationis, secundum illud Coloss. I, <i>qui est imago Dei
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2474 invisibilis, primogenitus omnis creaturae</i>. Ergo non per prius
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2475 dicitur in divinis paternitas personaliter sumpta, quam
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2476 essentialiter; sed secundum rationem eandem.</p><p title="I q. 33 a. 3 s. c."><a name="29826"><span class="ref">[29826] Iª q. 33 a. 3 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2477 quod aeternum prius est temporali. Ab aeterno autem Deus est pater
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2478 filii, ex tempore autem pater est creaturae. Ergo per prius dicitur
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2479 paternitas in Deo respectu filii, quam respectu creaturae.</p><p title="I q. 33 a. 3 co."><a name="29827"><span class="ref">[29827] Iª q. 33 a. 3 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2480 quod per prius dicitur nomen de illo in quo salvatur tota ratio
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2481 nominis perfecte, quam de illo in quo salvatur secundum aliquid, de
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2482 hoc enim dicitur quasi per similitudinem ad id in quo perfecte
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2483 salvatur, quia omnia imperfecta sumuntur a perfectis. Et inde est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2484 quod hoc nomen leo per prius dicitur de animali in quo tota ratio
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2485 leonis salvatur, quod proprie dicitur leo, quam de aliquo homine in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2486 quo invenitur aliquid de ratione leonis, ut puta audacia vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2487 fortitudo, vel aliquid huiusmodi, de hoc enim per similitudinem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2488 dicitur. Manifestum est autem ex praemissis quod perfecta ratio
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2489 paternitatis et filiationis invenitur in Deo patre et Deo filio,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2490 quia patris et filii una est natura et gloria. Sed in creatura
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2491 filiatio invenitur respectu Dei, non secundum perfectam rationem,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2492 cum non sit una natura creatoris et creaturae; sed secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2493 aliqualem similitudinem. Quae quanto perfectior fuerit, tanto
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2494 propinquius acceditur ad veram filiationis rationem. Dicitur enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2495 Deus alicuius creaturae pater, propter similitudinem vestigii
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2496 tantum, utpote irrationalium creaturarum; secundum illud Iob
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2497 XXXVIII, <i>quis est pluviae pater? Aut quis genuit stillas
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2498 roris?</i> Alicuius vero creaturae, scilicet rationalis, secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2499 similitudinem imaginis; secundum illud Deut. XXXII, <i>nonne ipse
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2500 est pater tuus, qui possedit et fecit et creavit te?</i> Aliquorum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2501 vero est pater secundum similitudinem gratiae, qui etiam dicuntur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2502 filii adoptivi, secundum quod ordinantur ad haereditatem aeternae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2503 gloriae per munus gratiae acceptum; secundum illud Rom. VIII,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2504 <i>ipse spiritus reddit testimonium spiritui nostro, quod sumus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2505 filii Dei; si autem filii, et haeredes</i>. Aliquorum vero secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2506 similitudinem gloriae, prout iam gloriae haereditatem possident;
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2507 secundum illud Rom. V, <i>gloriamur in spe gloriae filiorum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2508 Dei</i>. Sic igitur patet quod per prius paternitas dicitur in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2509 divinis secundum quod importatur respectus personae ad personam,
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2510 quam secundum quod importatur respectus Dei ad creaturam.</p><p title="I q. 33 a. 3 ad 1"><a name="29828"><span class="ref">[29828] Iª q. 33 a. 3 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2511 dicendum quod communia absolute dicta, secundum ordinem intellectus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2512 nostri, sunt priora quam propria, quia includuntur in intellectu
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2513 propriorum, sed non e converso; in intellectu enim personae patris
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2514 intelligitur Deus, sed non convertitur. Sed communia quae important
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2515 respectum ad creaturam, per posterius dicuntur quam propria quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2516 important respectus personales, quia persona procedens in divinis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2517 procedit ut principium productionis creaturarum. Sicut enim verbum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2518 conceptum in mente artificis, per prius intelligitur procedere ab
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2519 artifice quam artificiatum, quod producitur ad similitudinem verbi
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2520 concepti in mente; ita per prius procedit filius a patre quam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2521 creatura, de qua nomen filiationis dicitur secundum quod aliquid
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2522 participat de similitudine filii; ut patet per illud quod dicitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2523 Rom. VIII, <i>quos praescivit, et praedestinavit fieri conformes
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2524 imaginis filii eius</i>.</p><p title="I q. 33 a. 3 ad 2"><a name="29829"><span class="ref">[29829] Iª q. 33 a. 3 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2525 dicendum quod accipere dicitur esse commune creaturae et filio, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2526 secundum univocationem, sed secundum similitudinem quandam remotam,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2527 ratione cuius dicitur primogenitus creaturae. Unde in auctoritate
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2528 inducta subditur, ut sit ipse primogenitus in multis fratribus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2529 postquam dixerat conformes fieri aliquos imaginis filii Dei. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2530 filius Dei naturaliter habet quoddam singulare prae aliis, scilicet
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2531 habere per naturam id quod accipit; ut idem Basilius dicit. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2532 secundum hoc dicitur unigenitus, ut patet Ioan. I, <i>unigenitus,
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2533 qui est in sinu patris, ipse nobis enarravit</i>.</p><p title="I q. 33 a. 3 ad 3"><a name="29830"><span class="ref">[29830] Iª q. 33 a. 3 ad 3</span></a> Et per hoc patet
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2534 solutio ad tertium.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 4</h3><p title="I q. 33 a. 4 arg. 1"><a name="29831"><span class="ref">[29831] Iª q. 33 a. 4 arg. 1</span></a> Ad quartum sic
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2535 proceditur. Videtur quod esse ingenitum non sit patri proprium.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2536 Omnis enim proprietas ponit aliquid in eo cuius est proprietas. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2537 ingenitus nihil ponit in patre, sed removet tantum. Ergo non
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2538 significat proprietatem patris.</p><p title="I q. 33 a. 4 arg. 2"><a name="29832"><span class="ref">[29832] Iª q. 33 a. 4 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2539 ingenitum aut dicitur privative, aut negative. Si negative, tunc
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2540 quidquid non est genitum, potest dici ingenitum. Sed spiritus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2541 sanctus non est genitus, neque etiam essentia divina. Ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2542 ingenitum etiam eis convenit, et sic non est proprium patri. Si
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2543 autem privative sumatur, cum omnis privatio significet
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2544 imperfectionem in privato, sequitur quod persona patris sit
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2545 imperfecta. Quod est impossibile.</p><p title="I q. 33 a. 4 arg. 3"><a name="29833"><span class="ref">[29833] Iª q. 33 a. 4 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2546 ingenitus in divinis non significat relationem, quia non dicitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2547 relative, significat ergo substantiam. Ingenitus igitur et genitus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2548 secundum substantiam differunt. Filius autem, qui est genitus, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2549 differt a patre secundum substantiam. Pater ergo non debet dici
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2550 ingenitus.</p><p title="I q. 33 a. 4 arg. 4"><a name="29834"><span class="ref">[29834] Iª q. 33 a. 4 arg. 4</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2551 proprium est quod uni soli convenit. Sed cum sint plures ab alio
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2552 procedentes in divinis, nihil videtur prohibere quin etiam sint
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2553 plures ab alio non existentes. Non igitur est proprium patri esse
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2554 ingenitum.</p><p title="I q. 33 a. 4 arg. 5"><a name="29835"><span class="ref">[29835] Iª q. 33 a. 4 arg. 5</span></a> Praeterea, sicut
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2555 pater est principium personae genitae, ita et personae procedentis.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2556 Si ergo propter oppositionem quam habet ad personam genitam,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2557 proprium patris ponitur esse quod sit ingenitus; etiam proprium
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2558 eius debet poni quod sit improcessibilis.</p><p title="I q. 33 a. 4 s. c."><a name="29836"><span class="ref">[29836] Iª q. 33 a. 4 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2559 quod dicit Hilarius, IV de Trin.: <i>est unus ab uno</i>, scilicet
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2560 ab ingenito genitus, <i>proprietate videlicet in unoquoque et
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2561 innascibilitatis et originis</i>.</p><p title="I q. 33 a. 4 co."><a name="29837"><span class="ref">[29837] Iª q. 33 a. 4 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2562 quod, sicut in creaturis invenitur principium primum et principium
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2563 secundum, ita in personis divinis, in quibus non est prius et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2564 posterius, invenitur principium non de principio, quod est pater,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2565 et principium a principio, quod est filius. In rebus autem creatis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2566 aliquod principium primum innotescit dupliciter, uno quidem modo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2567 inquantum est principium primum per hoc quod habet relationem ad ea
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2568 quae ab ipso sunt; alio modo, inquantum est primum principium per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2569 hoc quod non est ab alio. Sic igitur et pater innotescit quidem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2570 paternitate et communi spiratione, per respectum ad personas ab eo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2571 procedentes, inquantum autem est principium non de principio,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2572 innotescit per hoc, quod non est ab alio, quod pertinet ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2573 proprietatem innascibilitatis, quam significat hoc nomen
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2574 ingenitus.</p><p title="I q. 33 a. 4 ad 1"><a name="29838"><span class="ref">[29838] Iª q. 33 a. 4 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2575 dicendum quod quidam dicunt quod innascibilitas, quam significat
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2576 hoc nomen ingenitus, secundum quod est proprietas patris, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2577 dicitur tantum negative; sed importat vel utrumque simul, scilicet
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2578 quod pater a nullo est, et quod est principium aliorum; vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2579 importat universalem auctoritatem; vel etiam fontalem plenitudinem.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2580 Sed hoc non videtur verum. Quia sic innascibilitas non esset alia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2581 proprietas a paternitate et spiratione, sed includeret eas, sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2582 includitur proprium in communi, nam fontalitas et auctoritas nihil
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2583 aliud significant in divinis quam principium originis. Et ideo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2584 dicendum est, secundum Augustinum, V de Trin., quod ingenitus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2585 negationem generationis passivae importat, dicit enim quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2586 <i>tantum valet quod dicitur ingenitus, quantum valet quod dicitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2587 non filius</i>. Nec propter hoc sequitur quod ingenitus non debeat
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2588 poni propria notio patris, quia prima et simplicia per negationes
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2589 notificantur; sicut dicimus punctum esse cuius pars non est.</p><p title="I q. 33 a. 4 ad 2"><a name="29839"><span class="ref">[29839] Iª q. 33 a. 4 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2590 dicendum quod ingenitum quandoque sumitur negative tantum. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2591 secundum hoc Hieronymus dicit spiritum sanctum esse ingenitum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2592 idest non genitum. Alio modo potest dici ingenitum aliquo modo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2593 privative, non tamen aliquam imperfectionem importat. Multipliciter
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2594 enim dicitur privatio. Uno modo, quando aliquid non habet quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2595 natum est haberi ab alio, etiamsi ipsum non sit natum habere illud,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2596 sicut si lapis dicatur res mortua, quia caret vita, quam quaedam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2597 res natae sunt habere. Alio modo dicitur privatio, quando aliquid
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2598 non habet quod natum est haberi ab aliquo sui generis; sicut si
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2599 talpa dicatur caeca. Tertio modo, quando ipsum non habet quod natum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2600 est habere, et hoc modo privatio imperfectionem importat. Sic autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2601 ingenitum non dicitur privative de patre, sed secundo modo, prout
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2602 scilicet aliquod suppositum divinae naturae non est genitum, cuius
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2603 tamen naturae aliquod suppositum est genitum. Sed secundum hanc
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2604 rationem, etiam de spiritu sancto potest dici ingenitum. Unde ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2605 hoc quod sit proprium soli patri, oportet ulterius in nomine
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2606 ingeniti intelligere, quod conveniat alicui personae divinae quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2607 sit principium alterius personae; ut sic intelligatur importare
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2608 negationem in genere principii personaliter dicti in divinis. Vel,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2609 ut intelligatur in nomine ingeniti, quod omnino non sit ab alio, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2610 non solum quod non sit ab alio per generationem. Sic enim nec
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2611 spiritui sancto convenit esse ingenitum, qui est ab alio per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2612 processionem ut persona subsistens, nec etiam divinae essentiae, de
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2613 qua potest dici quod est in filio vel in spiritu sancto ab alio,
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2614 scilicet a patre.</p><p title="I q. 33 a. 4 ad 3"><a name="29840"><span class="ref">[29840] Iª q. 33 a. 4 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
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diff changeset
2615 dicendum quod, secundum Damascenum, ingenitum uno modo significat
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2616 idem quod increatum, et sic secundum substantiam dicitur; per hoc
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2617 enim differt substantia creata ab increata. Alio modo significat id
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2618 quod non est genitum. Et sic relative dicitur, eo modo quo negatio
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2619 reducitur ad genus affirmationis, sicut non homo ad genus
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2620 substantiae, et non album ad genus qualitatis. Unde, cum genitum in
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2621 divinis relationem importet, ingenitum etiam ad relationem
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2622 pertinet. Et sic non sequitur quod pater ingenitus distinguatur a
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2623 filio genito secundum substantiam; sed solum secundum relationem,
53
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diff changeset
2624 inquantum scilicet relatio filii negatur de patre.</p><p title="I q. 33 a. 4 ad 4"><a name="29841"><span class="ref">[29841] Iª q. 33 a. 4 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2625 dicendum quod, sicut in quolibet genere oportet ponere unum primum,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2626 ita in divina natura oportet ponere unum principium quod non sit ab
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2627 alio, quod ingenitum dicitur. Ponere igitur duos innascibiles, est
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2628 ponere duos deos, et duas naturas divinas. Unde Hilarius dicit, in
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2629 libro de synodis, <i>cum unus Deus sit, duo innascibiles esse non
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2630 possunt</i>. Et hoc praecipue quia, si essent duo innascibiles,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2631 unus eorum non esset ab alio, et sic non distinguerentur
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2632 oppositione relativa oporteret igitur quod distinguerentur
53
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diff changeset
2633 diversitate naturae.</p><p title="I q. 33 a. 4 ad 5"><a name="29842"><span class="ref">[29842] Iª q. 33 a. 4 ad 5</span></a> Ad quintum
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2634 dicendum quod proprietas patris prout non est ab alio, potius
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2635 significatur per remotionem nativitatis filii, quam per remotionem
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2636 processionis spiritus sancti. Tum quia processio spiritus sancti
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2637 non habet nomen speciale, ut supra dictum est. Tum quia etiam
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2638 ordine naturae praesupponit generationem filii. Unde, remoto a
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2639 patre quod non sit genitus, cum tamen sit principium generationis,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2640 sequitur consequenter quod non sit procedens processione spiritus
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2641 sancti, quia spiritus sanctus non est generationis principium, sed
53
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diff changeset
2642 a genito procedens.</p></div></div><div class="q" id="q34"><h2>Quaestio 34</h2><div class="p"><h3>Prooemium</h3><p title="I q. 34 pr."><a name="29843"><span class="ref">[29843]
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diff changeset
2643 Iª q. 34 pr.</span></a> Deinde considerandum est de persona
28
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diff changeset
2644 filii. Attribuuntur autem tria nomina filio, scilicet filius,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2645 verbum et imago. Sed ratio filii ex ratione patris consideratur.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2646 Unde restat considerandum de verbo et imagine. Circa verbum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2647 quaeruntur tria. Primo, utrum verbum dicatur essentialiter in
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2648 divinis, vel personaliter. Secundo, utrum sit proprium nomen filii.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2649 Tertio, utrum in nomine verbi importetur respectus ad
53
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parents: 28
diff changeset
2650 creaturas.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 1</h3><p title="I q. 34 a. 1 arg. 1"><a name="29844"><span class="ref">[29844] Iª q. 34 a. 1 arg. 1</span></a> Ad primum sic
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2651 proceditur. Videtur quod verbum in divinis non sit nomen personale.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2652 Nomina enim personalia proprie dicuntur in divinis, ut pater et
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2653 filius. Sed verbum metaphorice dicitur in divinis, ut Origenes
53
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diff changeset
2654 dicit, super Ioannem. Ergo verbum non est personale in divinis.</p><p title="I q. 34 a. 1 arg. 2"><a name="29845"><span class="ref">[29845] Iª q. 34 a. 1 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2655 secundum Augustinum, in libro de Trin., verbum est notitia cum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2656 amore. Et secundum Anselmum, in Monol., <i>dicere summo spiritui
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2657 nihil aliud est quam cogitando intueri</i>. Sed notitia et
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2658 cogitatio et intuitus in divinis essentialiter dicuntur. Ergo
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
2659 verbum non dicitur personaliter in divinis.</p><p title="I q. 34 a. 1 arg. 3"><a name="29846"><span class="ref">[29846] Iª q. 34 a. 1 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea, de
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2660 ratione verbi est quod dicatur. Sed, secundum Anselmum, sicut pater
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2661 est intelligens, et filius est intelligens, et spiritus sanctus est
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2662 intelligens; ita pater est dicens, filius est dicens, et spiritus
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2663 sanctus est dicens. Et similiter quilibet eorum dicitur. Ergo nomen
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
2664 verbi essentialiter dicitur in divinis, et non personaliter.</p><p title="I q. 34 a. 1 arg. 4"><a name="29847"><span class="ref">[29847] Iª q. 34 a. 1 arg. 4</span></a> Praeterea, nulla
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2665 persona divina est facta. Sed verbum Dei est aliquid factum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2666 dicitur enim in Psalmo CXLVIII, <i>ignis, grando, nix, glacies,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2667 spiritus procellarum, quae faciunt verbum eius</i>. Ergo verbum non
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
2668 est nomen personale in divinis.</p><p title="I q. 34 a. 1 s. c."><a name="29848"><span class="ref">[29848] Iª q. 34 a. 1 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2669 quod dicit Augustinus, in VII de Trin., <i>sicut filius refertur ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2670 patrem, ita et verbum ad id cuius est verbum</i>. Sed filius est
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
2671 nomen personale, quia relative dicitur. Ergo et verbum.</p><p title="I q. 34 a. 1 co."><a name="29849"><span class="ref">[29849] Iª q. 34 a. 1 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2672 quod nomen verbi in divinis, si proprie sumatur, est nomen
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2673 personale, et nullo modo essentiale. Ad cuius evidentiam, sciendum
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2674 est quod verbum tripliciter quidem in nobis proprie dicitur, quarto
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2675 autem modo, dicitur improprie sive figurative. Manifestius autem et
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2676 communius in nobis dicitur verbum quod voce profertur. Quod quidem
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2677 ab interiori procedit quantum ad duo quae in verbo exteriori
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2678 inveniuntur, scilicet vox ipsa, et significatio vocis. Vox enim
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2679 significat intellectus conceptum, secundum philosophum, in libro I
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2680 Periherm., et iterum vox ex imaginatione procedit, ut in libro de
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2681 anima dicitur. Vox autem quae non est significativa, verbum dici
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2682 non potest. Ex hoc ergo dicitur verbum vox exterior, quia
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2683 significat interiorem mentis conceptum. Sic igitur primo et
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2684 principaliter interior mentis conceptus verbum dicitur, secundario
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2685 vero, ipsa vox interioris conceptus significativa, tertio vero,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2686 ipsa imaginatio vocis verbum dicitur. Et hos tres modos verbi ponit
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2687 Damascenus, in I libro, cap. XIII, dicens quod verbum dicitur
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2688 naturalis intellectus motus, secundum quem movetur et intelligit et
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2689 cogitat, velut lux et splendor, quantum ad primum, rursus verbum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2690 est quod non verbo profertur, sed in corde pronuntiatur, quantum ad
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2691 tertium, rursus etiam verbum est Angelus, idest nuntius,
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2692 intelligentiae, quantum ad secundum. Dicitur autem figurative
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2693 quarto modo verbum, id quod verbo significatur vel efficitur, sicut
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2694 consuevimus dicere, hoc est verbum quod dixi tibi, vel quod
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2695 mandavit rex, demonstrato aliquo facto quod verbo significatum est
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2696 vel simpliciter enuntiantis, vel etiam imperantis. Dicitur autem
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2697 proprie verbum in Deo, secundum quod verbum significat conceptum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2698 intellectus. Unde Augustinus dicit, in XV de Trin., <i>quisquis
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2699 potest intelligere verbum, non solum antequam sonet, verum etiam
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2700 antequam sonorum eius imagines cogitatione involvantur, iam potest
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2701 videre aliquam verbi illius similitudinem, de quo dictum est, in
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2702 principio erat verbum</i>. Ipse autem conceptus cordis de ratione
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2703 sua habet quod ab alio procedat, scilicet a notitia concipientis.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2704 Unde verbum, secundum quod proprie dicitur in divinis, significat
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2705 aliquid ab alio procedens, quod pertinet ad rationem nominum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2706 personalium in divinis, eo quod personae divinae distinguuntur
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2707 secundum originem, ut dictum est. Unde oportet quod nomen verbi,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2708 secundum quod proprie in divinis accipitur, non sumatur
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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diff changeset
2709 essentialiter, sed personaliter tantum.</p><p title="I q. 34 a. 1 ad 1"><a name="29850"><span class="ref">[29850] Iª q. 34 a. 1 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2710 dicendum quod Ariani, quorum fons Origenes invenitur, posuerunt
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2711 filium alium a patre esse in diversitate substantiae. Unde conati
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2712 sunt, cum filius Dei verbum dicitur, astruere non esse proprie
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2713 dictum; ne, sub ratione verbi procedentis, cogerentur fateri filium
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2714 Dei non esse extra substantiam patris; nam verbum interius sic a
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2715 dicente procedit, quod in ipso manet. Sed necesse est, si ponitur
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2716 verbum Dei metaphorice dictum, quod ponatur verbum Dei proprie
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2717 dictum. Non enim potest aliquid metaphorice verbum dici, nisi
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2718 ratione manifestationis, quia vel manifestat sicut verbum, vel est
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2719 verbo manifestatum. Si autem est manifestatum verbo, oportet ponere
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2720 verbum quo manifestetur. Si autem dicitur verbum quia exterius
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2721 manifestat, ea quae exterius manifestant, non dicuntur verba nisi
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2722 inquantum significant interiorem mentis conceptum, quem aliquis
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2723 etiam per exteriora signa manifestat. Etsi ergo verbum aliquando
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2724 dicatur metaphorice in divinis, tamen oportet ponere verbum proprie
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
2725 dictum, quod personaliter dicatur.</p><p title="I q. 34 a. 1 ad 2"><a name="29851"><span class="ref">[29851] Iª q. 34 a. 1 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2726 dicendum quod nihil eorum quae ad intellectum pertinent,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2727 personaliter dicitur in divinis, nisi solum verbum, solum enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2728 verbum significat aliquid ab alio emanans. Id enim quod intellectus
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2729 in concipiendo format, est verbum. Intellectus autem ipse, secundum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2730 quod est per speciem intelligibilem in actu, consideratur absolute.
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2731 Et similiter intelligere, quod ita se habet ad intellectum in actu,
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2732 sicut esse ad ens in actu, non enim intelligere significat actionem
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2733 ab intelligente exeuntem, sed in intelligente manentem. Cum ergo
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2734 dicitur quod verbum est notitia, non accipitur notitia pro actu
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2735 intellectus cognoscentis, vel pro aliquo eius habitu, sed pro eo
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2736 quod intellectus concipit cognoscendo. Unde et Augustinus dicit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2737 quod verbum est sapientia genita, quod nihil aliud est quam ipsa
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2738 conceptio sapientis, quae etiam pari modo notitia genita dici
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2739 potest. Et per eundem modum potest intelligi quod dicere Deo sit
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2740 cogitando intueri, inquantum scilicet intuitu cogitationis divinae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2741 concipitur verbum Dei. Cogitationis tamen nomen Dei verbo proprie
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2742 non convenit, dicit enim Augustinus, XV de Trin., <i>ita dicitur
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2743 illud verbum Dei, ut cogitatio non dicatur; ne aliquid esse quasi
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2744 volubile credatur in Deo, quod nunc accipiat formam ut verbum sit,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2745 eamque dimittere possit, atque informiter quodammodo volutari</i>.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2746 Cogitatio enim proprie in inquisitione veritatis consistit, quae in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2747 Deo locum non habet. Cum vero intellectus iam ad formam veritatis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2748 pertingit, non cogitat, sed perfecte veritatem contemplatur. Unde
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2749 Anselmus improprie accipit cogitationem pro contemplatione.</p><p title="I q. 34 a. 1 ad 3"><a name="29852"><span class="ref">[29852] Iª q. 34 a. 1 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2750 dicendum quod, sicut, proprie loquendo, verbum dicitur personaliter
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2751 in divinis et non essentialiter, ita et dicere. Unde, sicut verbum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2752 non est commune patri et filio et spiritui sancto, ita non est
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2753 verum quod pater et filius et spiritus sanctus sint unus dicens.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2754 Unde Augustinus dicit, VII de Trin., <i>dicens illo coaeterno verbo
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2755 non singulus intelligitur in divinis</i>. Sed dici convenit
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2756 cuilibet personae, dicitur enim non solum verbum sed res quae verbo
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2757 intelligitur vel significatur. Sic ergo uni soli personae in
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2758 divinis convenit dici eo modo quo dicitur verbum, eo vero modo quo
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2759 dicitur res in verbo intellecta, cuilibet personae convenit dici.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2760 Pater enim, intelligendo se et filium et spiritum sanctum, et omnia
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2761 alia quae eius scientia continentur, concipit verbum, ut sic tota
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2762 Trinitas verbo dicatur, et etiam omnis creatura; sicut intellectus
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2763 hominis verbo quod concipit intelligendo lapidem, lapidem dicit.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2764 Anselmus vero improprie accepit dicere pro intelligere. Quae tamen
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2765 differunt. Nam intelligere importat solam habitudinem intelligentis
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2766 ad rem intellectam; in qua nulla ratio originis importatur, sed
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2767 solum informatio quaedam in intellectu nostro, prout intellectus
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2768 noster fit in actu per formam rei intellectae. In Deo autem
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2769 importat omnimodam identitatem, quia in Deo est omnino idem
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2770 intellectus et intellectum, ut supra ostensum est. Sed dicere
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2771 importat principaliter habitudinem ad verbum conceptum nihil enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2772 est aliud dicere quam proferre verbum. Sed mediante verbo importat
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2773 habitudinem ad rem intellectam, quae in verbo prolato manifestatur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2774 intelligenti. Et sic sola persona quae profert verbum, est dicens
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2775 in divinis, cum tamen singula personarum sit intelligens et
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2776 intellecta, et per consequens verbo dicta.</p><p title="I q. 34 a. 1 ad 4"><a name="29853"><span class="ref">[29853] Iª q. 34 a. 1 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2777 dicendum quod verbum sumitur ibi figurative, prout significatum vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2778 effectus verbi dicitur verbum. Sic enim creaturae dicuntur facere
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2779 verbum Dei, inquantum exequuntur effectum aliquem, ad quem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2780 ordinantur ex verbo concepto divinae sapientiae, sicut aliquis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2781 dicitur facere verbum regis, dum facit opus ad quod ex verbo regis
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2782 instigatur.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 2</h3><p title="I q. 34 a. 2 arg. 1"><a name="29854"><span class="ref">[29854] Iª q. 34 a. 2 arg. 1</span></a> Ad secundum sic
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2783 proceditur. Videtur quod verbum non sit proprium nomen filii.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2784 Filius enim est persona subsistens in divinis. Sed verbum non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2785 significat rem subsistentem, ut in nobis patet. Ergo verbum non
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2786 potest esse proprium nomen personae filii.</p><p title="I q. 34 a. 2 arg. 2"><a name="29855"><span class="ref">[29855] Iª q. 34 a. 2 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2787 verbum prolatione quadam procedit a dicente. Si ergo filius est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2788 proprie verbum, non procedit a patre nisi per modum prolationis.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2789 Quod est haeresis Valentini, ut patet per Augustinum, in libro de
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2790 haeresibus.</p><p title="I q. 34 a. 2 arg. 3"><a name="29856"><span class="ref">[29856] Iª q. 34 a. 2 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea, omne
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2791 nomen proprium alicuius personae significat proprietatem aliquam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2792 eius. Si igitur verbum sit proprium nomen filii, significabit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2793 aliquam proprietatem eius. Et sic erunt plures proprietates in
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2794 divinis quam supra enumeratae sunt.</p><p title="I q. 34 a. 2 arg. 4"><a name="29857"><span class="ref">[29857] Iª q. 34 a. 2 arg. 4</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2795 quicumque intelligit, intelligendo concipit verbum. Sed filius
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2796 intelligit. Ergo filii est aliquod verbum. Et sic non est proprium
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2797 filii esse verbum.</p><p title="I q. 34 a. 2 arg. 5"><a name="29858"><span class="ref">[29858] Iª q. 34 a. 2 arg. 5</span></a> Praeterea, Hebr.
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2798 I dicitur de filio, portans omnia verbo virtutis suae, ex quo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2799 Basilius accipit quod spiritus sanctus sit verbum filii. Non est
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2800 ergo proprium filii esse verbum.</p><p title="I q. 34 a. 2 s. c."><a name="29859"><span class="ref">[29859] Iª q. 34 a. 2 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2801 quod Augustinus dicit, VI de Trin., <i>verbum solus filius
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2802 accipitur</i>.</p><p title="I q. 34 a. 2 co."><a name="29860"><span class="ref">[29860] Iª q. 34 a. 2 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2803 quod verbum proprie dictum in divinis personaliter accipitur, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2804 est proprium nomen personae filii. Significat enim quandam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2805 emanationem intellectus, persona autem quae procedit in divinis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2806 secundum emanationem intellectus, dicitur filius, et huiusmodi
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2807 processio dicitur generatio, ut supra ostensum est. Unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2808 relinquitur quod solus filius proprie dicatur verbum in
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2809 divinis.</p><p title="I q. 34 a. 2 ad 1"><a name="29861"><span class="ref">[29861] Iª q. 34 a. 2 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2810 dicendum quod in nobis non est idem esse et intelligere, unde illud
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2811 quod habet in nobis esse intelligibile, non pertinet ad naturam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2812 nostram. Sed esse Dei est ipsum eius intelligere, unde verbum Dei
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2813 non est aliquod accidens in ipso, vel aliquis effectus eius; sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2814 pertinet ad ipsam naturam eius. Et ideo oportet quod sit aliquid
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2815 subsistens, quia quidquid est in natura Dei, subsistit. Et ideo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2816 Damascenus dicit quod <i>verbum Dei est substantiale, et in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2817 hypostasi ens, reliqua vero verba</i>, scilicet nostra, <i>virtutes
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2818 sunt animae</i>.</p><p title="I q. 34 a. 2 ad 2"><a name="29862"><span class="ref">[29862] Iª q. 34 a. 2 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2819 dicendum quod non propter hoc error Valentini est damnatus, quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2820 filium dixit prolatione natum, ut Ariani calumniabantur, sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2821 Hilarius refert, VI de Trin., sed propter varium modum prolationis
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2822 quem posuit, sicut patet per Augustinum in libro de haeresibus.</p><p title="I q. 34 a. 2 ad 3"><a name="29863"><span class="ref">[29863] Iª q. 34 a. 2 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2823 dicendum quod in nomine verbi eadem proprietas importatur quae in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2824 nomine filii, unde dicit Augustinus, <i>eo dicitur verbum, quo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2825 filius</i>. Ipsa enim nativitas filii, quae est proprietas
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2826 personalis eius, diversis nominibus significatur, quae filio
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2827 attribuuntur ad exprimendum diversimode perfectionem eius. Nam ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2828 ostendatur connaturalis patri, dicitur filius; ut ostendatur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2829 coaeternus, dicitur splendor; ut ostendatur omnino similis, dicitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2830 imago; ut ostendatur immaterialiter genitus, dicitur verbum. Non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2831 autem potuit unum nomen inveniri, per quod omnia ista
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2832 designarentur.</p><p title="I q. 34 a. 2 ad 4"><a name="29864"><span class="ref">[29864] Iª q. 34 a. 2 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2833 dicendum quod eo modo convenit filio esse intelligentem, quo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2834 convenit ei esse Deum, cum intelligere essentialiter dicatur in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2835 divinis, ut dictum est. Est autem filius Deus genitus, non autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2836 generans Deus. Unde est quidem intelligens, non ut producens
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2837 verbum, sed ut verbum procedens; prout scilicet in Deo verbum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2838 procedens secundum rem non differt ab intellectu divino, sed
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2839 relatione sola distinguitur a principio verbi.</p><p title="I q. 34 a. 2 ad 5"><a name="29865"><span class="ref">[29865] Iª q. 34 a. 2 ad 5</span></a> Ad quintum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2840 dicendum quod, cum de filio dicitur, portans omnia verbo virtutis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2841 suae, verbum figurate accipitur pro effectu verbi. Unde Glossa ibi
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2842 dicit quod verbum sumitur pro imperio; inquantum scilicet ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2843 effectu virtutis verbi est quod res conserventur in esse, sicut ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2844 effectu virtutis verbi est quod res producantur in esse. Quod vero
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2845 Basilius interpretatur verbum pro spiritu sancto, improprie et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2846 figurate locutus est, prout verbum alicuius dici potest omne illud
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2847 quod est manifestativum eius, ut sic ea ratione dicatur spiritus
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2848 sanctus verbum filii, quia manifestat filium.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 3</h3><p title="I q. 34 a. 3 arg. 1"><a name="29866"><span class="ref">[29866] Iª q. 34 a. 3 arg. 1</span></a> Ad tertium sic
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2849 proceditur. Videtur quod in nomine verbi non importetur respectus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2850 ad creaturam. Omne enim nomen connotans effectum in creatura,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2851 essentialiter in divinis dicitur. Sed verbum non dicitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2852 essentialiter, sed personaliter, ut dictum est. Ergo verbum non
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2853 importat respectum ad creaturam.</p><p title="I q. 34 a. 3 arg. 2"><a name="29867"><span class="ref">[29867] Iª q. 34 a. 3 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea, quae
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2854 important respectum ad creaturas, dicuntur de Deo ex tempore, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2855 dominus et creator. Sed verbum dicitur de Deo ab aeterno. Ergo non
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2856 importat respectum ad creaturam.</p><p title="I q. 34 a. 3 arg. 3"><a name="29868"><span class="ref">[29868] Iª q. 34 a. 3 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2857 verbum importat respectum ad id a quo procedit. Si ergo importat
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2858 respectum ad creaturam, sequitur quod procedat a creatura.</p><p title="I q. 34 a. 3 arg. 4"><a name="29869"><span class="ref">[29869] Iª q. 34 a. 3 arg. 4</span></a> Praeterea, ideae
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2859 sunt plures secundum diversos respectus ad creaturas. Si igitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2860 verbum importat respectum ad creaturas, sequitur quod in Deo non
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2861 sit unum verbum tantum, sed plura.</p><p title="I q. 34 a. 3 arg. 5"><a name="29870"><span class="ref">[29870] Iª q. 34 a. 3 arg. 5</span></a> Praeterea, si
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2862 verbum importat respectum ad creaturam, hoc non est nisi inquantum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2863 creaturae cognoscuntur a Deo. Sed Deus non solum cognoscit entia,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2864 sed etiam non entia. Ergo in verbo importabitur respectus ad non
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2865 entia, quod videtur falsum.</p><p title="I q. 34 a. 3 s. c."><a name="29871"><span class="ref">[29871] Iª q. 34 a. 3 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2866 quod dicit Augustinus, in libro octoginta trium quaest., quod <i>in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2867 nomine verbi significatur non solum respectus ad patrem, sed etiam
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2868 ad illa quae per verbum facta sunt operativa potentia</i>.</p><p title="I q. 34 a. 3 co."><a name="29872"><span class="ref">[29872] Iª q. 34 a. 3 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2869 quod in verbo importatur respectus ad creaturam. Deus enim,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2870 cognoscendo se, cognoscit omnem creaturam. Verbum autem in mente
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2871 conceptum, est repraesentativum omnis eius quod actu intelligitur.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2872 Unde in nobis sunt diversa verba, secundum diversa quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2873 intelligimus. Sed quia Deus uno actu et se et omnia intelligit,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2874 unicum verbum eius est expressivum non solum patris, sed etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2875 creaturarum. Et sicut Dei scientia Dei quidem est cognoscitiva
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2876 tantum, creaturarum autem cognoscitiva et factiva; ita verbum Dei
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2877 eius quod in Deo patre est, est expressivum tantum, creaturarum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2878 vero est expressivum et operativum. Et propter hoc dicitur in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2879 Psalmo XXXII, <i>dixit, et facta sunt</i>; quia in verbo importatur
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2880 ratio factiva eorum quae Deus facit.</p><p title="I q. 34 a. 3 ad 1"><a name="29873"><span class="ref">[29873] Iª q. 34 a. 3 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2881 dicendum quod in nomine personae includitur etiam natura oblique,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2882 nam persona est rationalis naturae individua substantia. In nomine
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2883 igitur personae divinae, quantum ad relationem personalem, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2884 importatur respectus ad creaturam, sed importatur in eo quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2885 pertinet ad naturam. Nihil tamen prohibet, inquantum includitur in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2886 significatione eius essentia, quod importetur respectus ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2887 creaturam, sicut enim proprium est filio quod sit filius, ita
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2888 proprium est ei quod sit genitus Deus, vel genitus creator. Et per
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2889 hunc modum importatur relatio ad creaturam in nomine verbi.</p><p title="I q. 34 a. 3 ad 2"><a name="29874"><span class="ref">[29874] Iª q. 34 a. 3 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2890 dicendum quod, cum relationes consequantur actiones, quaedam nomina
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2891 important relationem Dei ad creaturam, quae consequitur actionem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2892 Dei in exteriorem effectum transeuntem, sicut creare et gubernare,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2893 et talia dicuntur de Deo ex tempore. Quaedam vero relationem quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2894 consequitur actionem non transeuntem in exteriorem effectum, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2895 manentem in agente, ut scire et velle, et talia non dicuntur de Deo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2896 ex tempore. Et huiusmodi relatio ad creaturam importatur in nomine
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2897 verbi. Nec est verum quod nomina importantia relationem Dei ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2898 creaturas, omnia dicantur ex tempore, sed sola illa nomina quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2899 important relationem consequentem actionem Dei in exteriorem
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2900 effectum transeuntem, ex tempore dicuntur.</p><p title="I q. 34 a. 3 ad 3"><a name="29875"><span class="ref">[29875] Iª q. 34 a. 3 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2901 dicendum quod creaturae non cognoscuntur a Deo per scientiam a
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2902 creaturis acceptam, sed per essentiam suam. Unde non oportet quod a
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2903 creaturis procedat verbum, licet verbum sit expressivum
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2904 creaturarum.</p><p title="I q. 34 a. 3 ad 4"><a name="29876"><span class="ref">[29876] Iª q. 34 a. 3 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2905 dicendum quod nomen ideae principaliter est impositum ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2906 significandum respectum ad creaturam, et ideo pluraliter dicitur in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2907 divinis, neque est personale. Sed nomen verbi principaliter
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2908 impositum est ad significandam relationem ad dicentem, et ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2909 consequenti ad creaturas, inquantum Deus, intelligendo se,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2910 intelligit omnem creaturam. Et propter hoc in divinis est unicum
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2911 tantum verbum, et personaliter dictum.</p><p title="I q. 34 a. 3 ad 5"><a name="29877"><span class="ref">[29877] Iª q. 34 a. 3 ad 5</span></a> Ad quintum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2912 dicendum quod eo modo quo scientia Dei est non entium, et verbum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2913 Dei est non entium, quia non est aliquid minus in verbo Dei quam in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2914 scientia Dei, ut Augustinus dicit. Sed tamen verbum est entium ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2915 expressivum et factivum, non entium autem, ut expressivum et
53
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diff changeset
2916 manifestativum.</p></div></div><div class="q" id="q35"><h2>Quaestio 35</h2><div class="p"><h3>Prooemium</h3><p title="I q. 35 pr."><a name="29878"><span class="ref">[29878]
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
2917 Iª q. 35 pr.</span></a> Deinde quaeritur de imagine. Et circa
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2918 hoc quaeruntur duo. Primo, utrum imago in divinis dicatur
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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diff changeset
2919 personaliter. Secundo, utrum sit proprium filii.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 1</h3><p title="I q. 35 a. 1 arg. 1"><a name="29879"><span class="ref">[29879] Iª q. 35 a. 1 arg. 1</span></a> Ad primum sic
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2920 proceditur. Videtur quod imago non dicatur personaliter in divinis.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2921 Dicit enim Augustinus, in libro de fide ad Petrum, <i>una est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2922 sanctae Trinitatis divinitas et imago, ad quam factus est homo</i>.
53
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parents: 28
diff changeset
2923 Igitur imago dicitur essentialiter, et non personaliter.</p><p title="I q. 35 a. 1 arg. 2"><a name="29880"><span class="ref">[29880] Iª q. 35 a. 1 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2924 Hilarius dicit, in libro de Synod., quod <i>imago est eius rei ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2925 quam imaginatur, species indifferens</i>. Sed species, sive forma,
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
2926 in divinis dicitur essentialiter. Ergo et imago.</p><p title="I q. 35 a. 1 arg. 3"><a name="29881"><span class="ref">[29881] Iª q. 35 a. 1 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea, imago
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2927 ab imitando dicitur, in quo importatur prius et posterius. Sed in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2928 divinis personis nihil est prius et posterius ergo imago non potest
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
2929 esse nomen personale in divinis.</p><p title="I q. 35 a. 1 s. c."><a name="29882"><span class="ref">[29882] Iª q. 35 a. 1 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2930 quod dicit Augustinus, <i>quid est absurdius quam imaginem ad se
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2931 dici?</i> Ergo imago in divinis relative dicitur. Et sic est nomen
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
2932 personale.</p><p title="I q. 35 a. 1 co."><a name="29883"><span class="ref">[29883] Iª q. 35 a. 1 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2933 quod de ratione imaginis est similitudo. Non tamen quaecumque
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2934 similitudo sufficit ad rationem imaginis; sed similitudo quae est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2935 in specie rei, vel saltem in aliquo signo speciei. Signum autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2936 speciei in rebus corporeis maxime videtur esse figura, videmus enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2937 quod diversorum animalium secundum speciem, sunt diversae figurae,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2938 non autem diversi colores. Unde, si depingatur color alicuius rei
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2939 in pariete, non dicitur esse imago, nisi depingatur figura. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2940 neque ipsa similitudo speciei sufficit vel figurae; sed requiritur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2941 ad rationem imaginis origo, quia, ut Augustinus dicit in libro
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2942 octoginta trium quaest., unum ovum non est imago alterius, quia non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2943 est de illo expressum. Ad hoc ergo quod vere aliquid sit imago,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2944 requiritur quod ex alio procedat simile ei in specie, vel saltem in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2945 signo speciei. Ea vero quae processionem sive originem important in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2946 divinis, sunt personalia. Unde hoc nomen imago est nomen
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
2947 personale.</p><p title="I q. 35 a. 1 ad 1"><a name="29884"><span class="ref">[29884] Iª q. 35 a. 1 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2948 dicendum quod imago proprie dicitur quod procedit ad similitudinem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2949 alterius. Illud autem ad cuius similitudinem aliquid procedit,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2950 proprie dicitur exemplar, improprie vero imago. Sic tamen
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2951 Augustinus utitur nomine imaginis, cum dicit divinitatem sanctae
53
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parents: 28
diff changeset
2952 Trinitatis esse imaginem ad quam factus est homo.</p><p title="I q. 35 a. 1 ad 2"><a name="29885"><span class="ref">[29885] Iª q. 35 a. 1 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2953 dicendum quod species, prout ponitur ab Hilario in definitione
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2954 imaginis, importat formam deductam in aliquo ab alio. Hoc enim modo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2955 imago dicitur esse species alicuius, sicuti id quod assimilatur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2956 alicui, dicitur forma eius, inquantum habet formam illi
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2957 similem.</p><p title="I q. 35 a. 1 ad 3"><a name="29886"><span class="ref">[29886] Iª q. 35 a. 1 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2958 dicendum quod imitatio in divinis personis non significat
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
2959 posterioritatem, sed solam assimilationem.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 2</h3><p title="I q. 35 a. 2 arg. 1"><a name="29887"><span class="ref">[29887] Iª q. 35 a. 2 arg. 1</span></a> Ad secundum sic
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2960 proceditur. Videtur quod nomen imaginis non sit proprium filio.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2961 Quia, ut dicit Damascenus, spiritus sanctus est imago filii. Non
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2962 est ergo proprium filii.</p><p title="I q. 35 a. 2 arg. 2"><a name="29888"><span class="ref">[29888] Iª q. 35 a. 2 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea, de
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2963 ratione imaginis est similitudo cum expressione, ut Augustinus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2964 dicit, in libro octoginta trium quaest. Sed hoc convenit spiritui
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2965 sancto, procedit enim ab alio secundum modum similitudinis. Ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2966 spiritus sanctus est imago. Et ita non est proprium filii quod sit
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2967 imago.</p><p title="I q. 35 a. 2 arg. 3"><a name="29889"><span class="ref">[29889] Iª q. 35 a. 2 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea, homo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2968 etiam dicitur imago Dei, secundum illud I ad Cor. XI, <i>vir non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2969 debet velare caput suum, quoniam imago et gloria Dei est</i>. Ergo
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2970 non est proprium filio.</p><p title="I q. 35 a. 2 s. c."><a name="29890"><span class="ref">[29890] Iª q. 35 a. 2 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2971 quod Augustinus dicit, VI de Trin., quod <i>solus filius est imago
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
2972 patris</i>.</p><p title="I q. 35 a. 2 co."><a name="29891"><span class="ref">[29891] Iª q. 35 a. 2 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2973 quod doctores Graecorum communiter dicunt spiritum sanctum esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2974 imaginem patris et filii. Sed doctores Latini soli filio attribuunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2975 nomen imaginis, non enim invenitur in canonica Scriptura nisi de
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2976 filio. Dicitur enim Coloss. I, <i>qui est imago Dei invisibilis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2977 primogenitus creaturae</i>; et ad Hebr. I, <i>qui cum sit splendor
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2978 gloriae, et figura substantiae eius</i>. Huius autem rationem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2979 assignant quidam ex hoc, quod filius convenit cum patre non solum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2980 in natura, sed etiam in notione principii, spiritus autem sanctus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2981 non convenit cum filio nec cum patre in aliqua notione. Sed hoc non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2982 videtur sufficere. Quia sicut secundum relationes non attenditur in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2983 divinis neque aequalitas neque inaequalitas, ut Augustinus dicit;
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2984 ita neque similitudo, quae requiritur ad rationem imaginis. Unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2985 alii dicunt quod spiritus sanctus non potest dici imago filii, quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2986 imaginis non est imago. Neque etiam imago patris, quia etiam imago
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2987 refertur immediate ad id cuius est imago; spiritus sanctus autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2988 refertur ad patrem per filium. Neque etiam est imago patris et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2989 filii, quia sic esset una imago duorum, quod videtur impossibile.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2990 Unde relinquitur quod spiritus sanctus nullo modo sit imago. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2991 hoc nihil est. Quia pater et filius sunt unum principium spiritus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2992 sancti, ut infra dicetur, unde nihil prohibet sic patris et filii,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2993 inquantum sunt unum, esse unam imaginem; cum etiam homo totius
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2994 Trinitatis sit una imago. Et ideo aliter dicendum est quod, sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2995 spiritus sanctus, quamvis sua processione accipiat naturam patris,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2996 sicut et filius, non tamen dicitur natus; ita, licet accipiat
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2997 speciem similem patris, non dicitur imago. Quia filius procedit ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2998 verbum, de cuius ratione est similitudo speciei ad id a quo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2999 procedit; non autem de ratione amoris; quamvis hoc conveniat amori
53
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ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3000 qui est spiritus sanctus, inquantum est amor divinus.</p><p title="I q. 35 a. 2 ad 1"><a name="29892"><span class="ref">[29892] Iª q. 35 a. 2 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3001 dicendum quod Damascenus et alii doctores Graecorum communiter
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3002 utuntur nomine imaginis pro perfecta similitudine.</p><p title="I q. 35 a. 2 ad 2"><a name="29893"><span class="ref">[29893] Iª q. 35 a. 2 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3003 dicendum quod, licet spiritus sanctus sit similis patri et filio,
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3004 non tamen sequitur quod sit imago, ratione iam dicta.</p><p title="I q. 35 a. 2 ad 3"><a name="29894"><span class="ref">[29894] Iª q. 35 a. 2 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3005 dicendum quod imago alicuius dupliciter in aliquo invenitur. Uno
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3006 modo, in re eiusdem naturae secundum speciem, ut imago regis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3007 invenitur in filio suo. Alio modo, in re alterius naturae, sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3008 imago regis invenitur in denario. Primo autem modo, filius est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3009 imago patris, secundo autem modo dicitur homo imago Dei. Et ideo ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3010 designandam in homine imperfectionem imaginis, homo non solum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3011 dicitur imago, sed ad imaginem, per quod motus quidam tendentis in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3012 perfectionem designatur. Sed de filio Dei non potest dici quod sit
53
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ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3013 ad imaginem, quia est perfecta patris imago.</p></div></div><div class="q" id="q36"><h2>Quaestio 36</h2><div class="p"><h3>Prooemium</h3><p title="I q. 36 pr."><a name="29895"><span class="ref">[29895]
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3014 Iª q. 36 pr.</span></a> Post haec considerandum est de his
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3015 quae pertinent ad personam spiritus sancti. Qui quidem non solum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3016 dicitur spiritus sanctus, sed etiam amor et donum Dei. Circa nomen
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3017 ergo spiritus sancti quaeruntur quatuor. Primo, utrum hoc nomen
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3018 spiritus sanctus sit proprium alicuius divinae personae. Secundo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3019 utrum illa persona divina quae spiritus sanctus dicitur, procedat a
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3020 patre et filio. Tertio, utrum procedat a patre per filium. Quarto,
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
3021 utrum pater et filius sint unum principium spiritus sancti.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 1</h3><p title="I q. 36 a. 1 arg. 1"><a name="29896"><span class="ref">[29896] Iª q. 36 a. 1 arg. 1</span></a> Ad primum sic
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3022 proceditur. Videtur quod hoc nomen spiritus sanctus non sit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3023 proprium nomen alicuius divinae personae. Nullum enim nomen commune
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3024 tribus personis, est proprium alicuius personae. Sed hoc nomen
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3025 spiritus sanctus est commune tribus personis. Ostendit enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3026 Hilarius, VIII de Trin., in spiritu Dei aliquando significari
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3027 patrem, ut cum dicitur, spiritus domini super me; aliquando
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3028 significari filium, ut cum dicit filius, in spiritu Dei eiicio
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3029 Daemonia, naturae suae potestate eiicere se Daemonia demonstrans;
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3030 aliquando spiritum sanctum, ut ibi, effundam de spiritu meo super
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3031 omnem carnem. Ergo hoc nomen spiritus sanctus non est proprium
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3032 alicuius divinae personae.</p><p title="I q. 36 a. 1 arg. 2"><a name="29897"><span class="ref">[29897] Iª q. 36 a. 1 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3033 nomina divinarum personarum ad aliquid dicuntur, ut Boetius dicit,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3034 in libro de Trin. Sed hoc nomen spiritus sanctus non dicitur ad
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3035 aliquid. Ergo hoc nomen non est proprium divinae personae.</p><p title="I q. 36 a. 1 arg. 3"><a name="29898"><span class="ref">[29898] Iª q. 36 a. 1 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea, quia
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3036 filius est nomen alicuius divinae personae, non potest dici filius
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3037 huius vel illius. Dicitur autem spiritus huius vel illius hominis.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3038 Ut enim habetur Num. XI, <i>dixit dominus ad Moysen, auferam de
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3039 spiritu tuo, tradamque eis</i>; et IV Reg. II, <i>requievit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3040 spiritus Eliae super Elisaeum</i>. Ergo spiritus sanctus non
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3041 videtur esse proprium nomen alicuius divinae personae.</p><p title="I q. 36 a. 1 s. c."><a name="29899"><span class="ref">[29899] Iª q. 36 a. 1 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3042 quod dicitur I Ioan. ult., <i>tres sunt qui testimonium dant in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3043 caelo, pater, verbum et spiritus sanctus</i>. Ut autem Augustinus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3044 dicit, VII de Trin., cum quaeritur, quid tres? Dicimus, tres
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3045 personae. Ergo spiritus sanctus est nomen divinae personae.</p><p title="I q. 36 a. 1 co."><a name="29900"><span class="ref">[29900] Iª q. 36 a. 1 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3046 quod, cum sint duae processiones in divinis, altera earum, quae est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3047 per modum amoris, non habet proprium nomen, ut supra dictum est.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3048 Unde et relationes quae secundum huiusmodi processionem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3049 accipiuntur, innominatae sunt, ut etiam supra dictum est. Propter
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3050 quod et nomen personae hoc modo procedentis, eadem ratione, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3051 habet proprium nomen. Sed sicut sunt accommodata aliqua nomina, ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3052 usu loquentium, ad significandum praedictas relationes, cum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3053 nominamus eas nomine processionis et spirationis, quae, secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3054 proprietatem significationis, magis videntur significare actus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3055 notionales quam relationes; ita ad significandum divinam personam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3056 quae procedit per modum amoris, accommodatum est, ex usu
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3057 Scripturae, hoc nomen spiritus sanctus. Et huius quidem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3058 convenientiae ratio sumi potest ex duobus. Primo quidem, ex ipsa
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3059 communitate eius quod dicitur spiritus sanctus. Ut enim Augustinus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3060 dicit, XV de Trin., <i>quia spiritus sanctus communis est ambobus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3061 id vocatur ipse proprie quod ambo communiter, nam et pater est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3062 spiritus, et filius est spiritus; et pater est sanctus, et filius
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3063 est sanctus</i>. Secundo vero, ex propria significatione. Nam nomen
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3064 spiritus, in rebus corporeis, impulsionem quandam et motionem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3065 significare videtur, nam flatum et ventum spiritum nominamus. Est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3066 autem proprium amoris, quod moveat et impellat voluntatem amantis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3067 in amatum. Sanctitas vero illis rebus attribuitur, quae in Deum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3068 ordinantur. Quia igitur persona divina procedit per modum amoris
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3069 quo Deus amatur, convenienter spiritus sanctus nominatur.</p><p title="I q. 36 a. 1 ad 1"><a name="29901"><span class="ref">[29901] Iª q. 36 a. 1 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3070 dicendum quod hoc quod dico spiritus sanctus, prout sumitur in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3071 virtute duarum dictionum, commune est toti Trinitati. Quia nomine
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3072 spiritus significatur immaterialitas divinae substantiae, spiritus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3073 enim corporeus invisibilis est, et parum habet de materia; unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3074 omnibus substantiis immaterialibus et invisibilibus hoc nomen
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3075 attribuimus. Per hoc vero quod dicitur sanctus, significatur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3076 puritas divinae bonitatis. Si autem accipiatur hoc quod dico
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3077 spiritus sanctus, in vi unius dictionis, sic ex usu Ecclesiae est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3078 accommodatum ad significandam unam trium personarum, scilicet quae
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3079 procedit per modum amoris, ratione iam dicta.</p><p title="I q. 36 a. 1 ad 2"><a name="29902"><span class="ref">[29902] Iª q. 36 a. 1 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3080 dicendum quod, licet hoc quod dico spiritus sanctus, relative non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3081 dicatur, tamen pro relativo ponitur, inquantum est accommodatum ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3082 significandam personam sola relatione ab aliis distinctam. Potest
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3083 tamen intelligi etiam in nomine aliqua relatio, si spiritus
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3084 intelligatur quasi spiratus.</p><p title="I q. 36 a. 1 ad 3"><a name="29903"><span class="ref">[29903] Iª q. 36 a. 1 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3085 dicendum quod in nomine filii intelligitur sola relatio eius qui
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3086 est a principio, ad principium, sed in nomine patris intelligitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3087 relatio principii; et similiter in nomine spiritus, prout importat
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3088 quandam vim motivam. Nulli autem creaturae competit esse principium
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3089 respectu alicuius divinae personae, sed e converso. Et ideo potest
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3090 dici pater noster, et spiritus noster, non tamen potest dici filius
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3091 noster.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 2</h3><p title="I q. 36 a. 2 arg. 1"><a name="29904"><span class="ref">[29904] Iª q. 36 a. 2 arg. 1</span></a> Ad secundum sic
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3092 proceditur. Videtur quod spiritus sanctus non procedat a filio.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3093 Quia secundum Dionysium, <i>non est audendum dicere aliquid de
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3094 substantiali divinitate, praeter ea quae divinitus nobis ex sacris
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3095 eloquiis sunt expressa</i>. Sed in Scriptura sacra non exprimitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3096 quod spiritus sanctus a filio procedat, sed solum quod procedat a
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3097 patre; ut patet Ioann. XV, <i>spiritum veritatis, qui a patre
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3098 procedit</i>. Ergo spiritus sanctus non procedit a filio.</p><p title="I q. 36 a. 2 arg. 2"><a name="29905"><span class="ref">[29905] Iª q. 36 a. 2 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea, in
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3099 symbolo Constantinopolitanae synodi sic legitur, <i>credimus in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3100 spiritum sanctum, dominum et vivificantem, ex patre procedentem,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3101 cum patre et filio adorandum et glorificandum</i>. Nullo igitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3102 modo debuit addi in symbolo nostro quod spiritus sanctus procedat a
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3103 filio, sed videntur esse anathematis rei, qui hoc addiderunt.</p><p title="I q. 36 a. 2 arg. 3"><a name="29906"><span class="ref">[29906] Iª q. 36 a. 2 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3104 Damascenus dicit, <i>spiritum sanctum ex patre dicimus, et spiritum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3105 patris nominamus, ex filio autem spiritum sanctum non dicimus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3106 spiritum vero filii nominamus</i>. Ergo spiritus sanctus non
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3107 procedit a filio.</p><p title="I q. 36 a. 2 arg. 4"><a name="29907"><span class="ref">[29907] Iª q. 36 a. 2 arg. 4</span></a> Praeterea, nihil
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3108 procedit ab eo in quo quiescit. Sed spiritus sanctus quiescit in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3109 filio. Dicitur enim in legenda beati Andreae, <i>pax vobis, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3110 universis qui credunt in unum Deum patrem, et in unum filium eius,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3111 unicum dominum nostrum Iesum Christum, et in unum spiritum sanctum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3112 procedentem ex patre, et in filio permanentem</i>. Ergo spiritus
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3113 sanctus non procedit a filio.</p><p title="I q. 36 a. 2 arg. 5"><a name="29908"><span class="ref">[29908] Iª q. 36 a. 2 arg. 5</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3114 filius procedit ut verbum. Sed spiritus noster in nobis non videtur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3115 procedere a verbo nostro. Ergo nec spiritus sanctus procedit a
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3116 filio.</p><p title="I q. 36 a. 2 arg. 6"><a name="29909"><span class="ref">[29909] Iª q. 36 a. 2 arg. 6</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3117 spiritus sanctus perfecte procedit a patre. Ergo superfluum est
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3118 dicere quod procedit a filio.</p><p title="I q. 36 a. 2 arg. 7"><a name="29910"><span class="ref">[29910] Iª q. 36 a. 2 arg. 7</span></a> Praeterea, in
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3119 perpetuis non differt esse et posse, ut dicitur in III Physic.; et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3120 multo minus in divinis. Sed spiritus sanctus potest distingui a
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3121 filio, etiam si ab eo non procedat. Dicit enim Anselmus, in libro
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3122 de processione spiritus sancti, <i>habent utique a patre esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3123 filius et spiritus sanctus, sed diverso modo, quia alter nascendo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3124 et alter procedendo, ut alii sint per hoc ab invicem</i>. Et postea
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3125 subdit, <i>nam si per aliud non essent plures filius et spiritus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3126 sanctus, per hoc solum essent diversi</i>. Ergo spiritus sanctus
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3127 distinguitur a filio, ab eo non existens.</p><p title="I q. 36 a. 2 s. c."><a name="29911"><span class="ref">[29911] Iª q. 36 a. 2 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3128 quod dicit Athanasius, <i>spiritus sanctus a patre et filio, non
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3129 factus, nec creatus, nec genitus, sed procedens</i>.</p><p title="I q. 36 a. 2 co."><a name="29912"><span class="ref">[29912] Iª q. 36 a. 2 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3130 quod necesse est dicere spiritum sanctum a filio esse. Si enim non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3131 esset ab eo, nullo modo posset ab eo personaliter distingui. Quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3132 ex supra dictis patet. Non enim est possibile dicere quod secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3133 aliquid absolutum divinae personae ab invicem distinguantur, quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3134 sequeretur quod non esset trium una essentia; quidquid enim in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3135 divinis absolute dicitur, ad unitatem essentiae pertinet.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3136 Relinquitur ergo quod solum relationibus divinae personae ab
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3137 invicem distinguantur. Relationes autem personas distinguere non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3138 possunt, nisi secundum quod sunt oppositae. Quod ex hoc patet, quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3139 pater habet duas relationes, quarum una refertur ad filium, et alia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3140 ad spiritum sanctum; quae tamen, quia non sunt oppositae, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3141 constituunt duas personas, sed ad unam personam patris tantum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3142 pertinent. Si ergo in filio et in spiritu sancto non esset invenire
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3143 nisi duas relationes quibus uterque refertur ad patrem, illae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3144 relationes non essent ad invicem oppositae; sicut neque duae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3145 relationes quibus pater refertur ad illos. Unde, sicut persona
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3146 patris est una, ita sequeretur quod persona filii et spiritus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3147 sancti esset una, habens duas relationes oppositas duabus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3148 relationibus patris. Hoc autem est haereticum, cum tollat fidem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3149 Trinitatis. Oportet ergo quod filius et spiritus sanctus ad invicem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3150 referantur oppositis relationibus. Non autem possunt esse in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3151 divinis aliae relationes oppositae nisi relationes originis, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3152 supra probatum est. Oppositae autem relationes originis accipiuntur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3153 secundum principium, et secundum quod est a principio. Relinquitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3154 ergo quod necesse est dicere vel filium esse a spiritu sancto, quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3155 nullus dicit, vel spiritum sanctum esse a filio, quod nos
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3156 confitemur. Et huic quidem consonat ratio processionis utriusque.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3157 Dictum enim est supra quod filius procedit per modum intellectus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3158 ut verbum; spiritus sanctus autem per modum voluntatis, ut amor.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3159 Necesse est autem quod amor a verbo procedat, non enim aliquid
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3160 amamus, nisi secundum quod conceptione mentis apprehendimus. Unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3161 et secundum hoc manifestum est quod spiritus sanctus procedit a
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3162 filio. Ipse etiam ordo rerum hoc docet. Nusquam enim hoc invenimus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3163 quod ab uno procedant plura absque ordine, nisi in illis solum quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3164 materialiter differunt; sicut unus faber producit multos cultellos
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3165 materialiter ab invicem distinctos, nullum ordinem habentes ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3166 invicem. Sed in rebus in quibus non est sola materialis distinctio,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3167 semper invenitur in multitudine productorum aliquis ordo. Unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3168 etiam in ordine creaturarum productarum, decor divinae sapientiae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3169 manifestatur. Si ergo ab una persona patris procedunt duae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3170 personae, scilicet filius et spiritus sanctus, oportet esse aliquem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3171 ordinem eorum ad invicem. Nec potest aliquis ordo alius assignari,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3172 nisi ordo naturae, quo alius est ex alio. Non est igitur possibile
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3173 dicere quod filius et spiritus sanctus sic procedant a patre, quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3174 neuter eorum procedat ab alio, nisi quis poneret in eis materialem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3175 distinctionem, quod est impossibile. Unde etiam ipsi Graeci
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3176 processionem spiritus sancti aliquem ordinem habere ad filium
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3177 intelligunt. Concedunt enim spiritum sanctum esse spiritum filii,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3178 et esse a patre per filium. Et quidam eorum dicuntur concedere quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3179 sit a filio, vel profluat ab eo, non tamen quod procedat. Quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3180 videtur vel ex ignorantia, vel ex protervia esse. Quia si quis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3181 recte consideret, inveniet processionis verbum inter omnia quae ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3182 originem qualemcumque pertinent, communissimum esse. Utimur enim eo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3183 ad designandum qualemcumque originem; sicut quod linea procedit a
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3184 puncto, radius a sole, rivus a fonte; et similiter in quibuscumque
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3185 aliis. Unde ex quocumque alio ad originem pertinente, potest
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3186 concludi quod spiritus sanctus procedit a filio.</p><p title="I q. 36 a. 2 ad 1"><a name="29913"><span class="ref">[29913] Iª q. 36 a. 2 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3187 dicendum quod de Deo dicere non debemus quod in sacra Scriptura non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3188 invenitur vel per verba, vel per sensum. Licet autem per verba non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3189 inveniatur in sacra Scriptura quod spiritus sanctus procedit a
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3190 filio, invenitur tamen quantum ad sensum; et praecipue ubi dicit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3191 filius, Ioan. XVI, de spiritu sancto loquens, <i>ille me
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3192 clarificabit, quia de meo accipiet</i>. Regulariter etiam in sacra
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3193 Scriptura tenendum est, quod id quod de patre dicitur, oportet de
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3194 filio intelligi, etiam si dictio exclusiva addatur, nisi solum in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3195 illis in quibus pater et filius secundum oppositas relationes
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3196 distinguuntur. Cum enim dominus, Matth. XI, dicit, <i>nemo novit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3197 filium nisi pater</i>, non excluditur quin filius seipsum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3198 cognoscat. Sic igitur cum dicitur quod spiritus sanctus a patre
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3199 procedit, etiam si adderetur quod a solo patre procedit, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3200 excluderetur inde filius, quia quantum ad hoc quod est esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3201 principium spiritus sancti, non opponuntur pater et filius; sed
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3202 solum quantum ad hoc, quod hic est pater et ille filius.</p><p title="I q. 36 a. 2 ad 2"><a name="29914"><span class="ref">[29914] Iª q. 36 a. 2 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3203 dicendum quod in quolibet Concilio institutum fuit symbolum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3204 aliquod, propter errorem aliquem qui in Concilio damnabatur. Unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3205 sequens Concilium non faciebat aliud symbolum quam primum, sed id
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3206 quod implicite continebatur in primo symbolo, per aliqua addita
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3207 explanabatur contra haereses insurgentes. Unde in determinatione
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3208 Chalcedonensis synodi dicitur, quod illi qui fuerunt congregati in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3209 Concilio Constantinopolitano, doctrinam de spiritu sancto
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3210 tradiderunt, non quod minus esset in praecedentibus (qui apud
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3211 Nicaeam congregati sunt), inferentes; <i>sed intellectum eorum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3212 adversus haereticos declarantes</i>. Quia igitur in tempore
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3213 antiquorum Conciliorum nondum exortus fuerat error dicentium
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3214 spiritum sanctum non procedere a filio; non fuit necessarium quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3215 hoc explicite poneretur. Sed postea, insurgente errore quorundam,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3216 in quodam Concilio in Occidentalibus partibus congregato, expressum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3217 fuit auctoritate Romani pontificis; cuius auctoritate etiam antiqua
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3218 Concilia congregabantur et confirmabantur. Continebatur tamen
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3219 implicite in hoc ipso quod dicebatur spiritus sanctus a patre
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3220 procedere.</p><p title="I q. 36 a. 2 ad 3"><a name="29915"><span class="ref">[29915] Iª q. 36 a. 2 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3221 dicendum quod spiritum sanctum non procedere a filio, primo fuit a
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3222 Nestorianis introductum; ut patet in quodam symbolo Nestorianorum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3223 damnato in Ephesina synodo. Et hunc errorem secutus fuit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3224 Theodoretus Nestorianus, et plures post ipsum; inter quos fuit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3225 etiam Damascenus. Unde in hoc eius sententiae non est standum.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3226 Quamvis a quibusdam dicatur quod Damascenus, sicut non confitetur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3227 spiritum sanctum esse a filio, ita etiam non negat, ex vi illorum
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3228 verborum.</p><p title="I q. 36 a. 2 ad 4"><a name="29916"><span class="ref">[29916] Iª q. 36 a. 2 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3229 dicendum quod per hoc quod spiritus sanctus dicitur quiescere vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3230 manere in filio, non excluditur quin ab eo procedat, quia et filius
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3231 in patre manere dicitur, cum tamen a patre procedat. Dicitur etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3232 spiritus sanctus in filio quiescere, vel sicut amor amantis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3233 quiescit in amato; vel quantum ad humanam naturam Christi, propter
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3234 id quod scriptum est, Ioan. I, <i>super quem videris spiritum
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3235 descendentem, et manentem super eum, hic est qui baptizat</i>.</p><p title="I q. 36 a. 2 ad 5"><a name="29917"><span class="ref">[29917] Iª q. 36 a. 2 ad 5</span></a> Ad quintum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3236 dicendum quod verbum in divinis non accipitur secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3237 similitudinem verbi vocalis, a quo non procedit spiritus, quia sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3238 tantum metaphorice diceretur, sed secundum similitudinem verbi
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3239 mentalis, a quo amor procedit.</p><p title="I q. 36 a. 2 ad 6"><a name="29918"><span class="ref">[29918] Iª q. 36 a. 2 ad 6</span></a> Ad sextum dicendum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3240 quod per hoc quod spiritus sanctus perfecte procedit a patre, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3241 solum non superfluum est dicere quod spiritus sanctus procedat a
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3242 filio; sed omnino necessarium. Quia una virtus est patris et filii;
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3243 et quidquid est a patre, necesse est esse a filio, nisi proprietati
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3244 filiationis repugnet. Non enim filius est a seipso, licet sit a
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3245 patre.</p><p title="I q. 36 a. 2 ad 7"><a name="29919"><span class="ref">[29919] Iª q. 36 a. 2 ad 7</span></a> Ad septimum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3246 dicendum quod spiritus sanctus distinguitur personaliter a filio in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3247 hoc, quod origo unius distinguitur ab origine alterius. Sed ipsa
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3248 differentia originis est per hoc, quod filius est solum a patre,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3249 spiritus sanctus vero a patre et filio. Non enim aliter
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3250 processiones distinguerentur, sicut supra ostensum est.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 3</h3><p title="I q. 36 a. 3 arg. 1"><a name="29920"><span class="ref">[29920] Iª q. 36 a. 3 arg. 1</span></a> Ad tertium sic
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3251 proceditur. Videtur quod spiritus sanctus non procedat a patre per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3252 filium. Quod enim procedit ab aliquo per aliquem, non procedit ab
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3253 eo immediate. Si igitur spiritus sanctus procedit a patre per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3254 filium, non procedit a patre immediate. Quod videtur
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3255 inconveniens.</p><p title="I q. 36 a. 3 arg. 2"><a name="29921"><span class="ref">[29921] Iª q. 36 a. 3 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea, si
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3256 spiritus sanctus procedit a patre per filium, non procedit a filio
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3257 nisi propter patrem. Sed propter quod unumquodque, et illud magis.
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3258 Ergo magis procedit a patre quam a filio.</p><p title="I q. 36 a. 3 arg. 3"><a name="29922"><span class="ref">[29922] Iª q. 36 a. 3 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3259 filius habet esse per generationem. Si igitur spiritus sanctus est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3260 a patre per filium, sequitur quod prius generetur filius, et postea
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3261 procedat spiritus sanctus. Et sic processio spiritus sancti non est
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3262 aeterna. Quod est haereticum.</p><p title="I q. 36 a. 3 arg. 4"><a name="29923"><span class="ref">[29923] Iª q. 36 a. 3 arg. 4</span></a> Praeterea, cum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3263 aliquis dicitur per aliquem operari, potest e converso dici, sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3264 enim dicimus quod rex operatur per ballivum, ita potest dici quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3265 ballivus operatur per regem. Sed nullo modo dicimus quod filius
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3266 spiret spiritum sanctum per patrem. Ergo nullo modo potest dici
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3267 quod pater spiret spiritum sanctum per filium.</p><p title="I q. 36 a. 3 s. c."><a name="29924"><span class="ref">[29924] Iª q. 36 a. 3 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3268 quod Hilarius dicit, in libro de Trin., <i>conserva hanc, oro,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3269 fidei meae religionem, ut semper obtineam patrem, scilicet te; et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3270 filium tuum una tecum adorem; et spiritum sanctum tuum, qui est per
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3271 unigenitum tuum, promerear</i>.</p><p title="I q. 36 a. 3 co."><a name="29925"><span class="ref">[29925] Iª q. 36 a. 3 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3272 quod in omnibus locutionibus in quibus dicitur aliquis per aliquem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3273 operari, haec praepositio per designat in causali aliquam causam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3274 seu principium illius actus. Sed cum actio sit media inter faciens
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3275 et factum, quandoque illud causale cui adiungitur haec praepositio
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3276 per, est causa actionis secundum quod exit ab agente. Et tunc est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3277 causa agenti quod agat; sive sit causa finalis, sive formalis, sive
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3278 effectiva vel motiva, finalis quidem, ut si dicamus quod artifex
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3279 operatur per cupiditatem lucri; formalis vero, ut si dicamus quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3280 operatur per artem suam; motiva vero, si dicamus quod operatur per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3281 imperium alterius. Quandoque vero dictio causalis cui adiungitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3282 haec praepositio per, est causa actionis secundum quod terminatur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3283 ad factum; ut cum dicimus, artifex operatur per martellum. Non enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3284 significatur quod martellus sit causa artifici quod agat, sed quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3285 sit causa artificiato ut ab artifice procedat; et quod hoc ipsum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3286 habeat ab artifice. Et hoc est quod quidam dicunt, quod haec
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3287 praepositio per quandoque notat auctoritatem in recto, ut cum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3288 dicitur, rex operatur per ballivum, quandoque autem in obliquo, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3289 cum dicitur, ballivus operatur per regem. Quia igitur filius habet
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3290 a patre quod ab eo procedat spiritus sanctus, potest dici quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3291 pater per filium spirat spiritum sanctum; vel quod spiritus sanctus
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3292 procedat a patre per filium, quod idem est.</p><p title="I q. 36 a. 3 ad 1"><a name="29926"><span class="ref">[29926] Iª q. 36 a. 3 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3293 dicendum quod in qualibet actione est duo considerare, scilicet
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3294 suppositum agens, et virtutem qua agit; sicut ignis calefacit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3295 calore. Si igitur in patre et filio consideretur virtus qua spirant
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3296 spiritum sanctum, non cadit ibi aliquod medium, quia haec virtus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3297 est una et eadem. Si autem considerentur ipsae personae spirantes,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3298 sic, cum spiritus sanctus communiter procedat a patre et filio,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3299 invenitur spiritus sanctus immediate a patre procedere, inquantum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3300 est ab eo; et mediate, inquantum est a filio. Et sic dicitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3301 procedere a patre per filium. Sicut etiam Abel processit immediate
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3302 ab Adam, inquantum Adam fuit pater eius; et mediate, inquantum Eva
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3303 fuit mater eius, quae processit ab Adam; licet hoc exemplum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3304 materialis processionis ineptum videatur ad significandam
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3305 immaterialem processionem divinarum personarum.</p><p title="I q. 36 a. 3 ad 2"><a name="29927"><span class="ref">[29927] Iª q. 36 a. 3 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3306 dicendum quod, si filius acciperet a patre aliam virtutem numero ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3307 spirandum spiritum sanctum, sequeretur quod esset sicut causa
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3308 secunda et instrumentalis, et sic magis procederet a patre quam a
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3309 filio. Sed una et eadem numero virtus spirativa est in patre et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3310 filio, et ideo aequaliter procedit ab utroque. Licet aliquando
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3311 dicatur principaliter vel proprie procedere de patre, propter hoc
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3312 quod filius habet hanc virtutem a patre.</p><p title="I q. 36 a. 3 ad 3"><a name="29928"><span class="ref">[29928] Iª q. 36 a. 3 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3313 dicendum quod, sicut generatio filii est coaeterna generanti, unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3314 non prius fuit pater quam gigneret filium; ita processio spiritus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3315 sancti est coaeterna suo principio. Unde non fuit prius filius
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3316 genitus, quam spiritus sanctus procederet, sed utrumque aeternum
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3317 est.</p><p title="I q. 36 a. 3 ad 4"><a name="29929"><span class="ref">[29929] Iª q. 36 a. 3 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3318 dicendum quod, cum aliquis dicitur per aliquid operari, non semper
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3319 recipitur conversio, non enim dicimus quod martellus operetur per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3320 fabrum. Dicimus autem quod ballivus operatur per regem, quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3321 ballivi est agere, cum sit dominus sui actus. Martelli autem non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3322 est agere, sed solum agi, unde non designatur nisi ut instrumentum.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3323 Dicitur autem ballivus operari per regem, quamvis haec praepositio
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3324 per denotet medium, quia, quanto suppositum est prius in agendo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3325 tanto virtus eius est immediatior effectui, quia virtus causae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3326 primae coniungit causam secundam suo effectui, unde et prima
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3327 principia dicuntur immediata in demonstrativis scientiis. Sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3328 igitur, inquantum ballivus est medius secundum ordinem suppositorum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3329 agentium, dicitur rex operari per ballivum, secundum ordinem vero
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3330 virtutum, dicitur ballivus operari per regem, quia virtus regis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3331 facit quod actio ballivi consequatur effectum. Ordo autem non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3332 attenditur inter patrem et filium quantum ad virtutem; sed solum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3333 quantum ad supposita. Et ideo dicitur quod pater spirat per filium,
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3334 et non e converso.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 4</h3><p title="I q. 36 a. 4 arg. 1"><a name="29930"><span class="ref">[29930] Iª q. 36 a. 4 arg. 1</span></a> Ad quartum sic
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3335 proceditur. Videtur quod pater et filius non sint unum principium
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3336 spiritus sancti. Quia spiritus sanctus non videtur a patre et filio
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3337 procedere inquantum sunt unum, neque in natura, quia spiritus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3338 sanctus sic etiam procederet a seipso, qui est unum cum eis in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3339 natura; neque etiam inquantum sunt unum in aliqua proprietate, quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3340 una proprietas non potest esse duorum suppositorum, ut videtur.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3341 Ergo spiritus sanctus procedit a patre et filio ut sunt plures. Non
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3342 ergo pater et filius sunt unum principium spiritus sancti.</p><p title="I q. 36 a. 4 arg. 2"><a name="29931"><span class="ref">[29931] Iª q. 36 a. 4 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea, cum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3343 dicitur, pater et filius sunt unum principium spiritus sancti, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3344 potest ibi designari unitas personalis, quia sic pater et filius
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3345 essent una persona. Neque etiam unitas proprietatis, quia si
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3346 propter unam proprietatem pater et filius sunt unum principium
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3347 spiritus sancti, pari ratione, propter duas proprietates pater
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3348 videtur esse duo principia filii et spiritus sancti; quod est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3349 inconveniens. Non ergo pater et filius sunt unum principium
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3350 spiritus sancti.</p><p title="I q. 36 a. 4 arg. 3"><a name="29932"><span class="ref">[29932] Iª q. 36 a. 4 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3351 filius non magis convenit cum patre quam spiritus sanctus. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3352 spiritus sanctus et pater non sunt unum principium respectu
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3353 alicuius divinae personae. Ergo neque pater et filius.</p><p title="I q. 36 a. 4 arg. 4"><a name="29933"><span class="ref">[29933] Iª q. 36 a. 4 arg. 4</span></a> Praeterea, si
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3354 pater et filius sunt unum principium spiritus sancti aut unum quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3355 est pater; aut unum quod non est pater. Sed neutrum est dare, quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3356 si unum quod est pater, sequitur quod filius sit pater; si unum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3357 quod non est pater, sequitur quod pater non est pater. Non ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3358 dicendum est quod pater et filius sint unum principium spiritus
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3359 sancti.</p><p title="I q. 36 a. 4 arg. 5"><a name="29934"><span class="ref">[29934] Iª q. 36 a. 4 arg. 5</span></a> Praeterea, si
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3360 pater et filius sunt unum principium spiritus sancti videtur e
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3361 converso dicendum quod unum principium spiritus sancti sit pater et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3362 filius. Sed haec videtur esse falsa, quia hoc quod dico principium,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3363 oportet quod supponat vel pro persona patris, vel pro persona
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3364 filii; et utroque modo est falsa. Ergo etiam haec est falsa, pater
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
3365 et filius sunt unum principium spiritus sancti.</p><p title="I q. 36 a. 4 arg. 6"><a name="29935"><span class="ref">[29935] Iª q. 36 a. 4 arg. 6</span></a> Praeterea, unum
28
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3366 in substantia facit idem. Si igitur pater et filius sunt unum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3367 principium spiritus sancti, sequitur quod sint idem principium. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3368 hoc a multis negatur. Ergo non est concedendum quod pater et filius
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
3369 sint unum principium spiritus sancti.</p><p title="I q. 36 a. 4 arg. 7"><a name="29936"><span class="ref">[29936] Iª q. 36 a. 4 arg. 7</span></a> Praeterea, pater
28
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3370 et filius et spiritus sanctus, quia sunt unum principium creaturae,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3371 dicuntur esse unus creator. Sed pater et filius non sunt unus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3372 spirator, sed duo spiratores, ut a multis dicitur. Quod etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3373 consonat dictis Hilarii, qui dicit, in II de Trin., quod spiritus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3374 sanctus a patre et filio auctoribus confitendus est. Ergo pater et
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3375 filius non sunt unum principium spiritus sancti.</p><p title="I q. 36 a. 4 s. c."><a name="29937"><span class="ref">[29937] Iª q. 36 a. 4 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3376 quod Augustinus dicit, in V de Trin., quod pater et filius non sunt
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3377 duo principia, sed unum principium spiritus sancti.</p><p title="I q. 36 a. 4 co."><a name="29938"><span class="ref">[29938] Iª q. 36 a. 4 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
28
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3378 quod pater et filius in omnibus unum sunt, in quibus non distinguit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3379 inter eos relationis oppositio. Unde, cum in hoc quod est esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3380 principium spiritus sancti, non opponantur relative, sequitur quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3381 pater et filius sunt unum principium spiritus sancti. Quidam tamen
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3382 dicunt hanc esse impropriam, pater et filius sunt unum principium
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3383 spiritus sancti. Quia cum hoc nomen principium, singulariter
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3384 acceptum, non significet personam, sed proprietatem, dicunt quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3385 sumitur adiective, et quia adiectivum non determinatur per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3386 adiectivum, non potest convenienter dici quod pater et filius sint
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3387 unum principium spiritus sancti, nisi unum intelligatur quasi
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3388 adverbialiter positum, ut sit sensus, sunt unum principium, idest
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3389 uno modo. Sed simili ratione posset dici pater duo principia filii
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3390 et spiritus sancti, idest duobus modis. Dicendum est ergo quod,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3391 licet hoc nomen principium significet proprietatem, tamen
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3392 significat eam per modum substantivi, sicut hoc nomen pater vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3393 filius etiam in rebus creatis. Unde numerum accipit a forma
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3394 significata, sicut et alia substantiva. Sicut igitur pater et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3395 filius sunt unus Deus, propter unitatem formae significatae per hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3396 nomen Deus; ita sunt unum principium spiritus sancti, propter
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3397 unitatem proprietatis significatae in hoc nomine principium.</p><p title="I q. 36 a. 4 ad 1"><a name="29939"><span class="ref">[29939] Iª q. 36 a. 4 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3398 dicendum quod, si attendatur virtus spirativa, spiritus sanctus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3399 procedit a patre et filio inquantum sunt unum in virtute spirativa,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3400 quae quodammodo significat naturam cum proprietate, ut infra
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3401 dicetur. Neque est inconveniens unam proprietatem esse in duobus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3402 suppositis, quorum est una natura. Si vero considerentur supposita
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3403 spirationis, sic spiritus sanctus procedit a patre et filio ut sunt
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3404 plures, procedit enim ab eis ut amor unitivus duorum.</p><p title="I q. 36 a. 4 ad 2"><a name="29940"><span class="ref">[29940] Iª q. 36 a. 4 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3405 dicendum quod, cum dicitur, pater et filius sunt unum principium
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3406 spiritus sancti, designatur una proprietas, quae est forma
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3407 significata per nomen. Non tamen sequitur quod propter plures
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3408 proprietates possit dici pater plura principia, quia implicaretur
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3409 pluralitas suppositorum.</p><p title="I q. 36 a. 4 ad 3"><a name="29941"><span class="ref">[29941] Iª q. 36 a. 4 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3410 dicendum quod secundum relativas proprietates non attenditur in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3411 divinis similitudo vel dissimilitudo, sed secundum essentiam. Unde,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3412 sicut pater non est similior sibi quam filio, ita nec filius
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3413 similior patri quam spiritus sanctus.</p><p title="I q. 36 a. 4 ad 4"><a name="29942"><span class="ref">[29942] Iª q. 36 a. 4 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3414 dicendum quod haec duo, scilicet, pater et filius sunt unum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3415 principium quod est pater, aut, unum principium quod non est pater,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3416 non sunt contradictorie opposita. Unde non est necesse alterum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3417 eorum dare. Cum enim dicimus, pater et filius sunt unum principium,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3418 hoc quod dico principium, non habet determinatam suppositionem, imo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3419 confusam pro duabus personis simul. Unde in processu est fallacia
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3420 figurae dictionis, a confusa suppositione ad determinatam.</p><p title="I q. 36 a. 4 ad 5"><a name="29943"><span class="ref">[29943] Iª q. 36 a. 4 ad 5</span></a> Ad quintum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3421 dicendum quod haec etiam est vera, unum principium spiritus sancti
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3422 est pater et filius. Quia hoc quod dico principium non supponit pro
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3423 una persona tantum, sed indistincte pro duabus, ut dictum est.</p><p title="I q. 36 a. 4 ad 6"><a name="29944"><span class="ref">[29944] Iª q. 36 a. 4 ad 6</span></a> Ad sextum dicendum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3424 quod convenienter potest dici quod pater et filius sunt idem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3425 principium, secundum quod ly principium supponit confuse et
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3426 indistincte pro duabus personis simul.</p><p title="I q. 36 a. 4 ad 7"><a name="29945"><span class="ref">[29945] Iª q. 36 a. 4 ad 7</span></a> Ad septimum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3427 dicendum quod quidam dicunt quod pater et filius, licet sint unum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3428 principium spiritus sancti, sunt tamen duo spiratores, propter
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3429 distinctionem suppositorum, sicut etiam duo spirantes, quia actus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3430 referuntur ad supposita. Nec est eadem ratio de hoc nomine creator.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3431 Quia spiritus sanctus procedit a patre et filio ut sunt duae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3432 personae distinctae, ut dictum est, non autem creatura procedit a
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3433 tribus personis ut sunt personae distinctae, sed ut sunt unum in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3434 essentia. Sed videtur melius dicendum quod, quia spirans adiectivum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3435 est, spirator vero substantivum, possumus dicere quod pater et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3436 filius sunt duo spirantes, propter pluralitatem suppositorum; non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3437 autem duo spiratores, propter unam spirationem. Nam adiectiva
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3438 nomina habent numerum secundum supposita, substantiva vero a
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3439 seipsis, secundum formam significatam. Quod vero Hilarius dicit,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3440 quod spiritus sanctus est a patre et filio auctoribus, exponendum
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3441 est quod ponitur substantivum pro adiectivo.</p></div></div><div class="q" id="q37"><h2>Quaestio 37</h2><div class="p"><h3>Prooemium</h3><p title="I q. 37 pr."><a name="29946"><span class="ref">[29946]
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3442 Iª q. 37 pr.</span></a> Deinde quaeritur de nomine amoris. Et
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3443 circa hoc quaeruntur duo. Primo, utrum sit proprium nomen spiritus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3444 sancti. Secundo, utrum pater et filius diligant se spiritu
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3445 sancto.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 1</h3><p title="I q. 37 a. 1 arg. 1"><a name="29947"><span class="ref">[29947] Iª q. 37 a. 1 arg. 1</span></a> Ad primum sic
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3446 proceditur. Videtur quod amor non sit proprium nomen spiritus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3447 sancti. Dicit enim Augustinus, XV de Trin., <i>nescio cur, sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3448 sapientia dicitur et pater et filius et spiritus sanctus, et simul
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3449 omnes non tres sed una sapientia, non ita et caritas dicatur pater
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3450 et filius et spiritus sanctus, et simul omnes una caritas</i>. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3451 nullum nomen quod de singulis personis praedicatur et de omnibus in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3452 communi singulariter, est nomen proprium alicuius personae. Ergo
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3453 hoc nomen amor non est proprium spiritus sancti.</p><p title="I q. 37 a. 1 arg. 2"><a name="29948"><span class="ref">[29948] Iª q. 37 a. 1 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3454 spiritus sanctus est persona subsistens. Sed amor non significatur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3455 ut persona subsistens, sed ut actio quaedam ab amante transiens in
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3456 amatum. Ergo amor non est proprium nomen spiritus sancti.</p><p title="I q. 37 a. 1 arg. 3"><a name="29949"><span class="ref">[29949] Iª q. 37 a. 1 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea, amor
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3457 est nexus amantium, quia secundum Dionysium, IV cap. de Div. Nom.,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3458 est quaedam vis unitiva. Sed nexus est medium inter ea quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3459 connectit, non autem aliquid ab eis procedens. Cum igitur spiritus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3460 sanctus procedat a patre et filio, sicut ostensum est, videtur quod
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3461 non sit amor aut nexus patris et filii.</p><p title="I q. 37 a. 1 arg. 4"><a name="29950"><span class="ref">[29950] Iª q. 37 a. 1 arg. 4</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3462 cuiuslibet amantis est aliquis amor. Sed spiritus sanctus est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3463 amans. Ergo eius est aliquis amor. Si igitur spiritus sanctus est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3464 amor, erit amor amoris, et spiritus a spiritu. Quod est
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3465 inconveniens.</p><p title="I q. 37 a. 1 s. c."><a name="29951"><span class="ref">[29951] Iª q. 37 a. 1 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3466 quod Gregorius dicit, in homilia Pentecostes, <i>ipse spiritus
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3467 sanctus est amor</i>.</p><p title="I q. 37 a. 1 co."><a name="29952"><span class="ref">[29952] Iª q. 37 a. 1 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3468 quod nomen amoris in divinis sumi potest et essentialiter et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3469 personaliter. Et secundum quod personaliter sumitur, est proprium
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3470 nomen spiritus sancti; sicut verbum est proprium nomen filii. Ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3471 cuius evidentiam, sciendum est quod, cum in divinis, ut supra
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3472 ostensum est, sint duae processiones, una per modum intellectus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3473 quae est processio verbi; alia per modum voluntatis, quae est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3474 processio amoris, quia prima est nobis magis nota, ad singula
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3475 significanda quae in ea considerari possunt, sunt magis propria
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3476 nomina adinventa; non autem in processione voluntatis. Unde et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3477 quibusdam circumlocutionibus utimur ad significandam personam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3478 procedentem, et relationes etiam quae accipiuntur secundum hanc
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3479 processionem, et processionis et spirationis nominibus nominantur,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3480 ut supra dictum est, quae tamen sunt magis nomina originis quam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3481 relationis, secundum proprietatem vocabuli. Et tamen similiter
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3482 utramque processionem considerari oportet. Sicut enim ex hoc quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3483 aliquis rem aliquam intelligit, provenit quaedam intellectualis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3484 conceptio rei intellectae in intelligente, quae dicitur verbum; ita
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3485 ex hoc quod aliquis rem aliquam amat, provenit quaedam impressio,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3486 ut ita loquar, rei amatae in affectu amantis, secundum quam amatum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3487 dicitur esse in amante, sicut et intellectum in intelligente. Ita
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3488 quod, cum aliquis seipsum intelligit et amat, est in seipso non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3489 solum per identitatem rei, sed etiam ut intellectum in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3490 intelligente, et amatum in amante. Sed ex parte intellectus, sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3491 vocabula adinventa ad significandum respectum intelligentis ad rem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3492 intellectam, ut patet in hoc quod dico intelligere, et sunt etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3493 alia vocabula adinventa ad significandum processum intellectualis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3494 conceptionis, scilicet ipsum dicere, et verbum. Unde in divinis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3495 intelligere solum essentialiter dicitur, quia non importat
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3496 habitudinem ad verbum procedens, sed verbum personaliter dicitur,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3497 quia significat id quod procedit, ipsum vero dicere dicitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3498 notionaliter, quia importat habitudinem principii verbi ad verbum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3499 ipsum. Ex parte autem voluntatis, praeter diligere et amare, quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3500 important habitudinem amantis ad rem amatam, non sunt aliqua
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3501 vocabula imposita, quae importent habitudinem ipsius impressionis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3502 vel affectionis rei amatae, quae provenit in amante ex hoc quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3503 amat, ad suum principium, aut e converso. Et ideo, propter
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3504 vocabulorum inopiam, huiusmodi habitudines significamus vocabulis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3505 amoris et dilectionis; sicut si verbum nominaremus intelligentiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3506 conceptam, vel sapientiam genitam. Sic igitur, inquantum in amore
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3507 vel dilectione non importatur nisi habitudo amantis ad rem amatam,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3508 amor et diligere essentialiter dicuntur, sicut intelligentia et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3509 intelligere. Inquantum vero his vocabulis utimur ad exprimendam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3510 habitudinem eius rei quae procedit per modum amoris, ad suum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3511 principium, et e converso; ita quod per amorem intelligatur amor
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3512 procedens, et per diligere intelligatur spirare amorem procedentem,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3513 sic amor est nomen personae, et diligere vel amare est verbum
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
3514 notionale, sicut dicere vel generare.</p><p title="I q. 37 a. 1 ad 1"><a name="29953"><span class="ref">[29953] Iª q. 37 a. 1 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3515 dicendum quod Augustinus loquitur de caritate, secundum quod
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3516 essentialiter sumitur in divinis, ut dictum est.</p><p title="I q. 37 a. 1 ad 2"><a name="29954"><span class="ref">[29954] Iª q. 37 a. 1 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3517 dicendum quod intelligere et velle et amare, licet significentur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3518 per modum actionum transeuntium in obiecta, sunt tamen actiones
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3519 manentes in agentibus, ut supra dictum est; ita tamen quod in ipso
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3520 agente important habitudinem quandam ad obiectum. Unde amor, etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3521 in nobis, est aliquid manens in amante, et verbum cordis manens in
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3522 dicente; tamen cum habitudine ad rem verbo expressam, vel amatam.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3523 Sed in Deo, in quo nullum est accidens, plus habet, quia tam verbum
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3524 quam amor est subsistens. Cum ergo dicitur quod spiritus sanctus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3525 est amor patris in filium, vel in quidquam aliud, non significatur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3526 aliquid transiens in alium; sed solum habitudo amoris ad rem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3527 amatam; sicut et in verbo importatur habitudo verbi ad rem verbo
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3528 expressam.</p><p title="I q. 37 a. 1 ad 3"><a name="29955"><span class="ref">[29955] Iª q. 37 a. 1 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3529 dicendum quod spiritus sanctus dicitur esse nexus patris et filii,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3530 inquantum est amor, quia, cum pater amet unica dilectione se et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3531 filium, et e converso, importatur in spiritu sancto, prout est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3532 amor, habitudo patris ad filium, et e converso, ut amantis ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3533 amatum. Sed ex hoc ipso quod pater et filius se mutuo amant,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3534 oportet quod mutuus amor, qui est spiritus sanctus, ab utroque
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3535 procedat. Secundum igitur originem, spiritus sanctus non est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3536 medius, sed tertia in Trinitate persona. Secundum vero praedictam
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3537 habitudinem, est medius nexus duorum, ab utroque procedens.</p><p title="I q. 37 a. 1 ad 4"><a name="29956"><span class="ref">[29956] Iª q. 37 a. 1 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3538 dicendum quod, sicut filio, licet intelligat, non tamen sibi
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3539 competit producere verbum, quia intelligere convenit ei ut verbo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3540 procedenti; ita, licet spiritus sanctus amet, essentialiter
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3541 accipiendo, non tamen convenit ei quod spiret amorem, quod est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3542 diligere notionaliter sumptum; quia sic diligit essentialiter ut
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3543 amor procedens, non ut a quo procedit amor.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 2</h3><p title="I q. 37 a. 2 arg. 1"><a name="29957"><span class="ref">[29957] Iª q. 37 a. 2 arg. 1</span></a> Ad secundum sic
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3544 proceditur. Videtur quod pater et filius non diligant se spiritu
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3545 sancto. Augustinus enim, in VII de Trin., probat quod pater non est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3546 sapiens sapientia genita. Sed sicut filius est sapientia genita,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3547 ita spiritus sanctus est amor procedens, ut dictum est. Ergo pater
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3548 et filius non diligunt se amore procedente, qui est spiritus
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3549 sanctus.</p><p title="I q. 37 a. 2 arg. 2"><a name="29958"><span class="ref">[29958] Iª q. 37 a. 2 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea, cum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3550 dicitur, pater et filius diligunt se spiritu sancto, hoc verbum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3551 diligere aut sumitur essentialiter, aut notionaliter. Sed non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3552 potest esse vera secundum quod sumitur essentialiter, quia pari
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3553 ratione posset dici quod pater intelligit filio. Neque etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3554 secundum quod sumitur notionaliter, quia pari ratione posset dici
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3555 quod pater et filius spirant spiritu sancto, vel quod pater generat
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3556 filio. Ergo nullo modo haec est vera, pater et filius diligunt se
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3557 spiritu sancto.</p><p title="I q. 37 a. 2 arg. 3"><a name="29959"><span class="ref">[29959] Iª q. 37 a. 2 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea, eodem
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3558 amore pater diligit filium, et se, et nos. Sed pater non diligit se
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3559 spiritu sancto. Quia nullus actus notionalis reflectitur super
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3560 principium actus, non enim potest dici quod pater generat se, vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3561 spirat se. Ergo etiam non potest dici quod diligat se spiritu
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3562 sancto, secundum quod diligere sumitur notionaliter. Item, amor quo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3563 diligit nos, non videtur esse spiritus sanctus, quia importatur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3564 respectus ad creaturam, et ita ad essentiam pertinet. Ergo et haec
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3565 est falsa, pater diligit filium spiritu sancto.</p><p title="I q. 37 a. 2 s. c."><a name="29960"><span class="ref">[29960] Iª q. 37 a. 2 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3566 quod Augustinus dicit, VI de Trin., quod <i>spiritus sanctus est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3567 quo genitus a generante diligitur, genitoremque suum
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3568 diligit</i>.</p><p title="I q. 37 a. 2 co."><a name="29961"><span class="ref">[29961] Iª q. 37 a. 2 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3569 quod circa hanc quaestionem difficultatem affert quod, cum dicitur,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3570 pater diligit filium spiritu sancto, cum ablativus construatur in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3571 habitudine alicuius causae, videtur quod spiritus sanctus sit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3572 principium diligendi patri et filio; quod est omnino impossibile.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3573 Et ideo quidam dixerunt hanc esse falsam, pater et filius diligunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3574 se spiritu sancto. Et dicunt hanc esse retractatam ab Augustino in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3575 suo simili, cum scilicet retractavit istam, pater est sapiens
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3576 sapientia genita. Quidam vero dicunt quod est propositio impropria;
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3577 et est sic exponenda, pater diligit filium spiritu sancto, idest
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3578 amore essentiali, qui appropriatur spiritui sancto. Quidam vero
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3579 dixerunt quod ablativus iste construitur in habitudine signi, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3580 sit sensus, spiritus sanctus est signum quod pater diligat filium,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3581 inquantum scilicet procedit ab eis ut amor. Quidam vero dixerunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3582 quod ablativus iste construitur in habitudine causae formalis, quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3583 spiritus sanctus est amor, quo formaliter pater et filius se
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3584 invicem diligunt. Quidam vero dixerunt quod construitur in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3585 habitudine effectus formalis. Et isti propinquius ad veritatem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3586 accesserunt. Unde ad huius evidentiam, sciendum est quod, cum res
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3587 communiter denominentur a suis formis, sicut album ab albedine, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3588 homo ab humanitate; omne illud a quo aliquid denominatur, quantum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3589 ad hoc habet habitudinem formae. Ut si dicam, iste est indutus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3590 vestimento, iste ablativus construitur in habitudine causae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3591 formalis, quamvis non sit forma. Contingit autem aliquid denominari
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3592 per id quod ab ipso procedit, non solum sicut agens actione; sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3593 etiam sicut ipso termino actionis, qui est effectus, quando ipse
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3594 effectus in intellectu actionis includitur. Dicimus enim quod ignis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3595 est calefaciens calefactione, quamvis calefactio non sit calor, qui
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3596 est forma ignis, sed actio ab igne procedens, et dicimus quod arbor
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3597 est florens floribus, quamvis flores non sint forma arboris, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3598 quidam effectus ab ipsa procedentes. Secundum hoc ergo dicendum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3599 quod, cum diligere in divinis dupliciter sumatur, essentialiter
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3600 scilicet et notionaliter; secundum quod essentialiter sumitur, sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3601 pater et filius non diligunt se spiritu sancto, sed essentia sua.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3602 Unde Augustinus dicit, in XV de Trin., <i>quis audet dicere patrem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3603 nec se nec filium nec spiritum sanctum diligere nisi per spiritum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3604 sanctum?</i> Et secundum hoc procedunt primae opiniones. Secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3605 vero quod notionaliter sumitur, sic diligere nihil est aliud quam
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3606 spirare amorem; sicut dicere est producere verbum, et florere est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3607 producere flores. Sicut ergo dicitur arbor florens floribus, ita
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3608 dicitur pater dicens verbo vel filio, se et creaturam, et pater et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3609 filius dicuntur diligentes spiritu sancto, vel amore procedente, et
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3610 se et nos.</p><p title="I q. 37 a. 2 ad 1"><a name="29962"><span class="ref">[29962] Iª q. 37 a. 2 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3611 dicendum quod esse sapientem vel intelligentem in divinis non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3612 sumitur nisi essentialiter, et ideo non potest dici quod pater sit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3613 sapiens vel intelligens filio. Sed diligere sumitur non solum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3614 essentialiter, sed etiam notionaliter. Et secundum hoc, possumus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3615 dicere quod pater et filius diligunt se spiritu sancto, ut dictum
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3616 est.</p><p title="I q. 37 a. 2 ad 2"><a name="29963"><span class="ref">[29963] Iª q. 37 a. 2 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3617 dicendum quod, quando in intellectu alicuius actionis importatur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3618 determinatus effectus, potest denominari principium actionis et ab
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3619 actione et ab effectu; sicut possumus dicere quod arbor est florens
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3620 floritione, et floribus. Sed quando in actione non includitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3621 determinatus effectus, tunc non potest principium actionis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3622 denominari ab effectu, sed solum ab actione, non enim dicimus quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3623 arbor producit florem flore, sed productione floris. In hoc igitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3624 quod dico spirat vel generat, importatur actus notionalis tantum.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3625 Unde non possumus dicere quod pater spiret spiritu sancto, vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3626 generet filio. Possumus autem dicere quod pater dicit verbo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3627 tanquam persona procedente, et dicit dictione, tanquam actu
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3628 notionali, quia dicere importat determinatam personam procedentem,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3629 cum dicere sit producere verbum. Et similiter diligere, prout
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3630 notionaliter sumitur, est producere amorem. Et ideo potest dici
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3631 quod pater diligit filium spiritu sancto, tanquam persona
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3632 procedente, et ipsa dilectione, tanquam actu notionali.</p><p title="I q. 37 a. 2 ad 3"><a name="29964"><span class="ref">[29964] Iª q. 37 a. 2 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3633 dicendum quod pater non solum filium, sed etiam se et nos diligit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3634 spiritu sancto. Quia, ut dictum est diligere, prout notionaliter
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3635 sumitur, non solum importat productionem divinae personae, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3636 etiam personam productam per modum amoris, qui habet habitudinem ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3637 rem dilectam. Unde, sicut pater dicit se et omnem creaturam verbo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3638 quod genuit, inquantum verbum genitum sufficienter repraesentat
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3639 patrem et omnem creaturam; ita diligit se et omnem creaturam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3640 spiritu sancto, inquantum spiritus sanctus procedit ut amor
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3641 bonitatis primae, secundum quam pater amat se et omnem creaturam.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3642 Et sic etiam patet quod respectus importatur ad creaturam et in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3643 verbo et in amore procedente, quasi secundario; inquantum scilicet
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3644 veritas et bonitas divina est principium intelligendi et amandi
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3645 omnem creaturam.</p></div></div><div class="q" id="q38"><h2>Quaestio 38</h2><div class="p"><h3>Prooemium</h3><p title="I q. 38 pr."><a name="29965"><span class="ref">[29965]
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3646 Iª q. 38 pr.</span></a> Consequenter quaeritur de dono. Et
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3647 circa hoc quaeruntur duo. Primo, utrum donum possit esse nomen
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3648 personale. Secundo, utrum sit proprium spiritus sancti.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 1</h3><p title="I q. 38 a. 1 arg. 1"><a name="29966"><span class="ref">[29966] Iª q. 38 a. 1 arg. 1</span></a> Ad primum sic
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3649 proceditur. Videtur quod donum non sit nomen personale. Omne enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3650 nomen personale importat aliquam distinctionem in divinis. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3651 nomen doni non importat aliquam distinctionem in divinis, dicit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3652 enim Augustinus, XV de Trin., quod <i>spiritus sanctus ita datur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3653 sicut Dei donum, ut etiam seipsum det sicut Deus</i>. Ergo donum
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3654 non est nomen personale.</p><p title="I q. 38 a. 1 arg. 2"><a name="29967"><span class="ref">[29967] Iª q. 38 a. 1 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3655 nullum nomen personale convenit essentiae divinae. Sed essentia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3656 divina est donum quod pater dat filio, ut patet per Hilarium, IX de
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3657 Trin. Ergo donum non est nomen personale.</p><p title="I q. 38 a. 1 arg. 3"><a name="29968"><span class="ref">[29968] Iª q. 38 a. 1 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3658 secundum Damascenum, nihil est subiectum aut serviens in divinis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3659 personis. Sed donum importat quandam subiectionem et ad eum cui
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3660 datur, et ad eum a quo datur. Ergo donum non est nomen
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3661 personale.</p><p title="I q. 38 a. 1 arg. 4"><a name="29969"><span class="ref">[29969] Iª q. 38 a. 1 arg. 4</span></a> Praeterea, donum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3662 importat respectum ad creaturam, et ita videtur de Deo dici ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3663 tempore. Sed nomina personalia dicuntur de Deo ab aeterno, ut pater
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3664 et filius. Ergo donum non est nomen personale.</p><p title="I q. 38 a. 1 s. c."><a name="29970"><span class="ref">[29970] Iª q. 38 a. 1 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3665 quod Augustinus dicit, XV de Trin., <i>sicut corpus carnis nihil
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3666 aliud est quam caro, sic donum spiritus sancti nihil aliud est quam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3667 spiritus sanctus</i>. Sed spiritus sanctus est nomen personale.
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3668 Ergo et donum.</p><p title="I q. 38 a. 1 co."><a name="29971"><span class="ref">[29971] Iª q. 38 a. 1 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3669 quod in nomine doni importatur aptitudo ad hoc quod donetur. Quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3670 autem donatur, habet habitudinem et ad id a quo datur, et ad id cui
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3671 datur, non enim daretur ab aliquo nisi esset eius; et ad hoc alicui
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3672 datur, ut eius sit. Persona autem divina dicitur esse alicuius, vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3673 secundum originem, sicut filius est patris; vel inquantum ab aliquo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3674 habetur. Habere autem dicimur id quo libere possumus uti vel frui,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3675 ut volumus. Et per hunc modum divina persona non potest haberi nisi
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3676 a rationali creatura Deo coniuncta. Aliae autem creaturae moveri
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3677 quidem possunt a divina persona; non tamen sic quod in potestate
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3678 earum sit frui divina persona, et uti effectu eius. Ad quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3679 quandoque pertingit rationalis creatura; ut puta cum sic fit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3680 particeps divini verbi et procedentis amoris, ut possit libere Deum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3681 vere cognoscere et recte amare. Unde sola creatura rationalis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3682 potest habere divinam personam. Sed ad hoc quod sic eam habeat, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3683 potest propria virtute pervenire, unde oportet quod hoc ei desuper
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3684 detur; hoc enim dari nobis dicitur, quod aliunde habemus. Et sic
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3685 divinae personae competit dari, et esse donum.</p><p title="I q. 38 a. 1 ad 1"><a name="29972"><span class="ref">[29972] Iª q. 38 a. 1 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3686 dicendum quod nomen doni importat distinctionem personalem,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3687 secundum quod donum dicitur esse alicuius per originem. Et tamen
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3688 spiritus sanctus dat seipsum, inquantum est sui ipsius, ut potens
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3689 se uti, vel potius frui; sicut et homo liber dicitur esse sui
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3690 ipsius. Et hoc est quod Augustinus dicit, super Ioan., <i>quid tam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3691 tuum est quam tu?</i> Vel dicendum, et melius, quod donum oportet
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3692 esse aliquo modo dantis. Sed hoc esse huius dicitur multipliciter.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3693 Uno modo, per modum identitatis, sicut dicit Augustinus super
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3694 Ioan., et sic donum non distinguitur a dante, sed ab eo cui datur.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3695 Et sic dicitur quod spiritus sanctus dat se. Alio modo dicitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3696 aliquid esse alicuius ut possessio vel servus, et sic oportet quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3697 donum essentialiter distinguatur a dante. Et sic donum Dei est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3698 aliquid creatum. Tertio modo dicitur hoc esse huius per originem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3699 tantum, et sic filius est patris, et spiritus sanctus utriusque.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3700 Inquantum ergo donum hoc modo dicitur esse dantis, sic distinguitur
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3701 a dante personaliter, et est nomen personale.</p><p title="I q. 38 a. 1 ad 2"><a name="29973"><span class="ref">[29973] Iª q. 38 a. 1 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3702 dicendum quod essentia dicitur esse donum patris primo modo, quia
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3703 essentia est patris per modum identitatis.</p><p title="I q. 38 a. 1 ad 3"><a name="29974"><span class="ref">[29974] Iª q. 38 a. 1 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3704 dicendum quod donum, secundum quod est nomen personale in divinis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3705 non importat subiectionem, sed originem tantum, in comparatione ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3706 dantem. In comparatione vero ad eum cui datur, importat liberum
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3707 usum vel fruitionem, ut dictum est.</p><p title="I q. 38 a. 1 ad 4"><a name="29975"><span class="ref">[29975] Iª q. 38 a. 1 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3708 dicendum quod donum non dicitur ex eo quod actu datur, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3709 inquantum habet aptitudinem ut possit dari. Unde ab aeterno divina
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3710 persona dicitur donum, licet ex tempore detur. Nec tamen per hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3711 quod importatur respectus ad creaturam, oportet quod sit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3712 essentiale, sed quod aliquid essentiale in suo intellectu
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3713 includatur, sicut essentia includitur in intellectu personae, ut
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3714 supra dictum est.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 2</h3><p title="I q. 38 a. 2 arg. 1"><a name="29976"><span class="ref">[29976] Iª q. 38 a. 2 arg. 1</span></a> Ad secundum sic
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3715 proceditur. Videtur quod donum non sit proprium nomen spiritus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3716 sancti. Donum enim dicitur ex eo quod datur. Sed, sicut dicitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3717 Isa. IX, <i>filius datus est nobis</i>. Ergo esse donum convenit
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3718 filio, sicut spiritui sancto.</p><p title="I q. 38 a. 2 arg. 2"><a name="29977"><span class="ref">[29977] Iª q. 38 a. 2 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea, omne
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3719 nomen proprium alicuius personae significat aliquam eius
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3720 proprietatem. Sed hoc nomen donum non significat proprietatem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3721 aliquam spiritus sancti. Ergo donum non est proprium nomen spiritus
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3722 sancti.</p><p title="I q. 38 a. 2 arg. 3"><a name="29978"><span class="ref">[29978] Iª q. 38 a. 2 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3723 spiritus sanctus potest dici spiritus alicuius hominis, ut supra
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3724 dictum est. Sed non potest dici donum alicuius hominis, sed solum
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3725 donum Dei. Ergo donum non est proprium nomen spiritus sancti.</p><p title="I q. 38 a. 2 s. c."><a name="29979"><span class="ref">[29979] Iª q. 38 a. 2 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3726 quod Augustinus dicit, in IV de Trin., <i>sicut natum esse est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3727 filio a patre esse, ita spiritui sancto donum Dei esse est a patre
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3728 et filio procedere</i>. Sed spiritus sanctus sortitur proprium
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3729 nomen inquantum procedit a patre et filio. Ergo et donum est
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3730 proprium nomen spiritus sancti.</p><p title="I q. 38 a. 2 co."><a name="29980"><span class="ref">[29980] Iª q. 38 a. 2 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3731 quod donum, secundum quod personaliter sumitur in divinis, est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3732 proprium nomen spiritus sancti. Ad cuius evidentiam, sciendum est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3733 quod donum proprie est datio irreddibilis, secundum philosophum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3734 idest quod non datur intentione retributionis, et sic importat
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3735 gratuitam donationem. Ratio autem gratuitae donationis est amor,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3736 ideo enim damus gratis alicui aliquid, quia volumus ei bonum.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3737 Primum ergo quod damus ei, est amor quo volumus ei bonum. Unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3738 manifestum est quod amor habet rationem primi doni, per quod omnia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3739 dona gratuita donantur. Unde, cum spiritus sanctus procedat ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3740 amor, sicut iam dictum est, procedit in ratione doni primi. Unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3741 dicit Augustinus, XV de Trin., quod <i>per donum quod est spiritus
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3742 sanctus, multa propria dona dividuntur membris Christi</i>.</p><p title="I q. 38 a. 2 ad 1"><a name="29981"><span class="ref">[29981] Iª q. 38 a. 2 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3743 dicendum quod, sicut filius, quia procedit per modum verbi, quod de
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3744 ratione sua habet quod sit similitudo sui principii dicitur proprie
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3745 imago, licet etiam spiritus sanctus sit similis patri; ita etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3746 spiritus sanctus, quia a patre procedit ut amor, dicitur proprie
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3747 donum, licet etiam filius detur. Hoc enim ipsum quod filius datur,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3748 est ex patris amore, secundum illud Ioan. III, <i>sic Deus dilexit
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3749 mundum, ut filium suum unigenitum daret</i>.</p><p title="I q. 38 a. 2 ad 2"><a name="29982"><span class="ref">[29982] Iª q. 38 a. 2 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3750 dicendum quod in nomine doni importatur quod sit dantis per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3751 originem. Et sic importatur proprietas originis spiritus sancti,
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3752 quae est processio.</p><p title="I q. 38 a. 2 ad 3"><a name="29983"><span class="ref">[29983] Iª q. 38 a. 2 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3753 dicendum quod donum, antequam detur, est tantum dantis, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3754 postquam datur, est eius cui datur. Quia igitur donum non importat
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3755 dationem in actu, non potest dici quod sit donum hominis; sed donum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3756 Dei dantis. Cum autem iam datum est, tunc hominis est vel spiritus
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3757 vel datum.</p></div></div><div class="q" id="q39"><h2>Quaestio 39</h2><div class="p"><h3>Prooemium</h3><p title="I q. 39 pr."><a name="29984"><span class="ref">[29984]
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3758 Iª q. 39 pr.</span></a> Post ea quae de personis divinis
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3759 absolute tractata sunt, considerandum restat de personis in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3760 comparatione ad essentiam, et ad proprietates, et ad actus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3761 notionales; et de comparatione ipsarum ad invicem. Quantum igitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3762 ad primum horum, octo quaeruntur. Primo, utrum essentia in divinis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3763 sit idem quod persona. Secundo, utrum dicendum sit quod tres
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3764 personae sunt unius essentiae. Tertio, utrum nomina essentialia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3765 praedicanda sint de personis in plurali vel in singulari. Quarto,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3766 utrum adiectiva notionalia, aut verba vel participia, praedicari
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3767 possint de nominibus essentialibus concretive acceptis. Quinto,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3768 utrum praedicari possint de nominibus essentialibus in abstracto
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3769 acceptis. Sexto, utrum nomina personarum praedicari possint de
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3770 nominibus essentialibus concretis. Septimo, utrum essentialia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3771 attributa sint approprianda personis. Octavo, quod attributum
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3772 cuique personae debeat appropriari.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 1</h3><p title="I q. 39 a. 1 arg. 1"><a name="29985"><span class="ref">[29985] Iª q. 39 a. 1 arg. 1</span></a> Ad primum sic
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3773 proceditur. Videtur quod in divinis essentia non sit idem quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3774 persona. In quibuscumque enim essentia est idem quod persona seu
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3775 suppositum, oportet quod sit tantum unum suppositum unius naturae,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3776 ut patet in omnibus substantiis separatis, eorum enim quae sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3777 idem re, unum multiplicari non potest, quin multiplicetur et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3778 reliquum. Sed in divinis est una essentia et tres personae, ut ex
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3779 supra dictis patet. Ergo essentia non est idem quod persona.</p><p title="I q. 39 a. 1 arg. 2"><a name="29986"><span class="ref">[29986] Iª q. 39 a. 1 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3780 affirmatio et negatio simul et semel non verificantur de eodem. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3781 affirmatio et negatio verificantur de essentia et persona, nam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3782 persona est distincta, essentia vero non est distincta. Ergo
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3783 persona et essentia non sunt idem.</p><p title="I q. 39 a. 1 arg. 3"><a name="29987"><span class="ref">[29987] Iª q. 39 a. 1 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea, nihil
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3784 subiicitur sibi ipsi. Sed persona subiicitur essentiae, unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3785 suppositum vel hypostasis nominatur. Ergo persona non est idem quod
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3786 essentia.</p><p title="I q. 39 a. 1 s. c."><a name="29988"><span class="ref">[29988] Iª q. 39 a. 1 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3787 quod Augustinus dicit, VII de Trin., <i>cum dicimus personam
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3788 patris, non aliud dicimus quam substantiam patris</i>.</p><p title="I q. 39 a. 1 co."><a name="29989"><span class="ref">[29989] Iª q. 39 a. 1 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3789 quod considerantibus divinam simplicitatem, quaestio ista in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3790 manifesto habet veritatem. Ostensum est enim supra quod divina
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3791 simplicitas hoc requirit, quod in Deo sit idem essentia et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3792 suppositum; quod in substantiis intellectualibus nihil est aliud
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3793 quam persona. Sed difficultatem videtur ingerere quod,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3794 multiplicatis personis divinis, essentia retinet unitatem. Et quia,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3795 ut Boetius dicit, relatio multiplicat personarum Trinitatem,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3796 posuerunt aliqui hoc modo in divinis differre essentiam et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3797 personam, quo et relationes dicebant esse assistentes,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3798 considerantes in relationibus solum quod ad alterum sunt, et non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3799 quod res sunt. Sed, sicut supra ostensum est, sicut relationes in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3800 rebus creatis accidentaliter insunt, ita in Deo sunt ipsa essentia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3801 divina. Ex quo sequitur quod in Deo non sit aliud essentia quam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3802 persona secundum rem; et tamen quod personae realiter ab invicem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3803 distinguantur. Persona enim, ut dictum est supra, significat
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3804 relationem, prout est subsistens in natura divina. Relatio autem,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3805 ad essentiam comparata, non differt re, sed ratione tantum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3806 comparata autem ad oppositam relationem, habet, virtute
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3807 oppositionis, realem distinctionem. Et sic remanet una essentia, et
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3808 tres personae.</p><p title="I q. 39 a. 1 ad 1"><a name="29990"><span class="ref">[29990] Iª q. 39 a. 1 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3809 dicendum quod in creaturis non potest esse distinctio suppositorum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3810 per relationes, sed oportet quod sit per essentialia principia,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3811 quia relationes non sunt subsistentes in creaturis. In divinis
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3812 autem relationes sunt subsistentes, et ideo, secundum quod habent
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3813 oppositionem ad invicem, possunt distinguere supposita. Neque tamen
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3814 distinguitur essentia, quia relationes ipsae non distinguuntur ab
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3815 invicem secundum quod sunt realiter idem cum essentia.</p><p title="I q. 39 a. 1 ad 2"><a name="29991"><span class="ref">[29991] Iª q. 39 a. 1 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3816 dicendum quod, inquantum essentia et persona in divinis differunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3817 secundum intelligentiae rationem, sequitur quod aliquid possit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3818 affirmari de uno, quod negatur de altero, et per consequens quod,
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3819 supposito uno, non supponatur alterum.</p><p title="I q. 39 a. 1 ad 3"><a name="29992"><span class="ref">[29992] Iª q. 39 a. 1 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3820 dicendum quod rebus divinis nomina imponimus secundum modum rerum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3821 creatarum, ut supra dictum est. Et quia naturae rerum creatarum
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3822 individuantur per materiam, quae subiicitur naturae speciei, inde
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3823 est quod individua dicuntur subiecta, vel supposita, vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3824 hypostases. Et propter hoc etiam divinae personae supposita vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3825 hypostases nominantur, non quod ibi sit aliqua suppositio vel
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3826 subiectio secundum rem.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 2</h3><p title="I q. 39 a. 2 arg. 1"><a name="29993"><span class="ref">[29993] Iª q. 39 a. 2 arg. 1</span></a> Ad secundum sic
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3827 proceditur. Videtur quod non sit dicendum tres personas esse unius
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3828 essentiae. Dicit enim Hilarius, in libro de Synod., quod pater et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3829 filius et spiritus sanctus <i>sunt quidem per substantiam tria, per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3830 consonantiam vero unum</i>. Sed substantia Dei est eius essentia.
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3831 Ergo tres personae non sunt unius essentiae.</p><p title="I q. 39 a. 2 arg. 2"><a name="29994"><span class="ref">[29994] Iª q. 39 a. 2 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea, non
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3832 est affirmandum aliquid de divinis, quod auctoritate Scripturae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3833 sacrae non est expressum, ut patet per Dionysium, I cap. de Div.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3834 Nom. Sed nunquam in Scriptura sacra exprimitur quod pater et filius
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3835 et spiritus sanctus sunt unius essentiae. Ergo hoc non est
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3836 asserendum.</p><p title="I q. 39 a. 2 arg. 3"><a name="29995"><span class="ref">[29995] Iª q. 39 a. 2 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3837 natura divina est idem quod essentia. Sufficeret ergo dicere quod
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3838 tres personae sunt unius naturae.</p><p title="I q. 39 a. 2 arg. 4"><a name="29996"><span class="ref">[29996] Iª q. 39 a. 2 arg. 4</span></a> Praeterea, non
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3839 consuevit dici quod persona sit essentiae, sed magis quod essentia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3840 sit personae. Ergo neque convenienter videtur dici quod tres
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3841 personae sunt unius essentiae.</p><p title="I q. 39 a. 2 arg. 5"><a name="29997"><span class="ref">[29997] Iª q. 39 a. 2 arg. 5</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3842 Augustinus dicit quod non dicimus tres personas esse ex una
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3843 essentia, ne intelligatur in divinis aliud esse essentia et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3844 persona. Sed sicut praepositiones sunt transitivae, ita et obliqui.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3845 Ergo, pari ratione, non est dicendum quod tres personae sunt unius
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3846 essentiae.</p><p title="I q. 39 a. 2 arg. 6"><a name="29998"><span class="ref">[29998] Iª q. 39 a. 2 arg. 6</span></a> Praeterea, id
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3847 quod potest esse erroris occasio, non est in divinis dicendum. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3848 cum dicuntur tres personae unius essentiae vel substantiae datur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3849 erroris occasio. Quia, ut Hilarius dicit, in libro de Synod.,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3850 <i>una substantia patris et filii praedicata, aut unum qui duas
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3851 nuncupationes habeat, subsistentem significat; aut divisam unam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3852 substantiam duas imperfectas fecisse substantias; aut tertiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3853 priorem substantiam, quae a duobus et usurpata sit et assumpta</i>.
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3854 Non est ergo dicendum tres personas esse unius substantiae.</p><p title="I q. 39 a. 2 s. c."><a name="29999"><span class="ref">[29999] Iª q. 39 a. 2 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3855 quod Augustinus dicit, in libro II contra Maximinum, quod hoc nomen
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3856 homousion, quod in Concilio Nicaeno adversus Arianos firmatum est,
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3857 idem significat quod tres personas esse unius essentiae.</p><p title="I q. 39 a. 2 co."><a name="30000"><span class="ref">[30000] Iª q. 39 a. 2 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3858 quod, sicut supra dictum est, intellectus noster res divinas
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3859 nominat, non secundum modum earum, quia sic eas cognoscere non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3860 potest; sed secundum modum in rebus creatis inventum. Et quia in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3861 rebus sensibilibus, a quibus intellectus noster scientiam capit,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3862 natura alicuius speciei per materiam individuatur; et sic natura se
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3863 habet ut forma, individuum autem ut suppositum formae, propter hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3864 etiam in divinis, quantum ad modum significandi, essentia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3865 significatur ut forma trium personarum. Dicimus autem in rebus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3866 creatis formam quamcumque esse eius cuius est forma; sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3867 sanitatem vel pulchritudinem hominis alicuius. Rem autem habentem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3868 formam non dicimus esse formae, nisi cum adiectione alicuius
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3869 adiectivi, quod designat illam formam, ut cum dicimus, ista mulier
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3870 est egregiae formae, iste homo est perfectae virtutis. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3871 similiter, quia in divinis, multiplicatis personis, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3872 multiplicatur essentia, dicimus unam essentiam esse trium
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3873 personarum; et tres personas unius essentiae, ut intelligantur isti
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3874 genitivi construi in designatione formae.</p><p title="I q. 39 a. 2 ad 1"><a name="30001"><span class="ref">[30001] Iª q. 39 a. 2 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3875 dicendum quod substantia sumitur pro hypostasi; et non pro
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3876 essentia.</p><p title="I q. 39 a. 2 ad 2"><a name="30002"><span class="ref">[30002] Iª q. 39 a. 2 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3877 dicendum quod, licet tres personas esse unius essentiae non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3878 inveniatur in sacra Scriptura per haec verba, invenitur tamen
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3879 quantum ad hunc sensum, sicut ibi, <i>ego et pater unum sumus; et,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3880 ego in patre, et pater in me est</i>. Et per multa alia haberi
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3881 potest idem.</p><p title="I q. 39 a. 2 ad 3"><a name="30003"><span class="ref">[30003] Iª q. 39 a. 2 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3882 dicendum quod, quia natura designat principium actus, essentia vero
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3883 ab essendo dicitur, possunt dici aliqua unius naturae, quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3884 conveniunt in aliquo actu, sicut omnia calefacientia, sed unius
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3885 essentiae dici non possunt, nisi quorum est unum esse. Et ideo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3886 magis exprimitur unitas divina per hoc quod dicitur quod tres
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3887 personae sunt unius essentiae, quam si diceretur quod sunt unius
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3888 naturae.</p><p title="I q. 39 a. 2 ad 4"><a name="30004"><span class="ref">[30004] Iª q. 39 a. 2 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3889 dicendum quod forma, absolute accepta, consuevit significari ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3890 eius cuius est forma, ut virtus Petri. E converso autem, res habens
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3891 formam aliquam non consuevit significari ut eius, nisi cum volumus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3892 determinare sive designare formam. Et tunc requiruntur duo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3893 genitivi, quorum unus significet formam, et alius determinationem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3894 formae, ut si dicatur, Petrus est magnae virtutis, vel etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3895 requiritur unus genitivus habens vim duorum genitivorum, ut cum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3896 dicitur, vir sanguinum est iste, idest effusor multi sanguinis.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3897 Quia igitur essentia divina significatur ut forma respectu
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3898 personae, convenienter essentia personae dicitur. Non autem e
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3899 converso, nisi aliquid addatur ad designationem essentiae; ut si
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3900 dicatur quod pater est persona divinae essentiae, vel quod tres
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3901 personae sunt unius essentiae.</p><p title="I q. 39 a. 2 ad 5"><a name="30005"><span class="ref">[30005] Iª q. 39 a. 2 ad 5</span></a> Ad quintum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3902 dicendum quod haec praepositio ex vel de non designat habitudinem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3903 causae formalis, sed magis habitudinem causae efficientis vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3904 materialis. Quae quidem causae in omnibus distinguuntur ab his
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3905 quorum sunt causae, nihil enim est sua materia, neque aliquid est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3906 suum principium activum. Aliquid tamen est sua forma, ut patet in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3907 omnibus rebus immaterialibus. Et ideo per hoc quod dicimus tres
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3908 personas unius essentiae, significando essentiam in habitudine
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3909 formae, non ostenditur aliud esse essentia quam persona, quod
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3910 ostenderetur, si diceremus tres personas ex eadem essentia.</p><p title="I q. 39 a. 2 ad 6"><a name="30006"><span class="ref">[30006] Iª q. 39 a. 2 ad 6</span></a> Ad sextum dicendum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3911 quod, sicut Hilarius dicit, in libro de Synod., <i>male sanctis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3912 rebus praeiudicatur, si, quia non sanctae a quibusdam habentur,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3913 esse non debeant. Sic, si male intelligitur homousion, quid ad me
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3914 bene intelligentem? Sit ergo una substantia ex naturae genitae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3915 proprietate, non sit autem ex portione, aut ex unione, aut ex
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3916 communione</i>.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 3</h3><p title="I q. 39 a. 3 arg. 1"><a name="30007"><span class="ref">[30007] Iª q. 39 a. 3 arg. 1</span></a> Ad tertium sic
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3917 proceditur. Videtur quod nomina essentialia, ut hoc nomen Deus, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3918 praedicentur singulariter de tribus personis, sed pluraliter. Sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3919 enim homo significatur ut habens humanitatem, ita Deus significatur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3920 ut habens deitatem. Sed tres personae sunt tres habentes deitatem.
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3921 Ergo tres personae sunt tres dii.</p><p title="I q. 39 a. 3 arg. 2"><a name="30008"><span class="ref">[30008] Iª q. 39 a. 3 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea, Gen.
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3922 I, ubi dicitur, <i>in principio creavit Deus caelum et terram</i>,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3923 Hebraica veritas habet Elohim, quod potest interpretari dii, sive
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3924 iudices. Et hoc dicitur propter pluralitatem personarum. Ergo tres
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3925 personae sunt plures dii, et non unus Deus.</p><p title="I q. 39 a. 3 arg. 3"><a name="30009"><span class="ref">[30009] Iª q. 39 a. 3 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea, hoc
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3926 nomen res, cum absolute dicatur, videtur ad substantiam pertinere.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3927 Sed hoc nomen pluraliter praedicatur de tribus personis, dicit enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3928 Augustinus, in libro de Doctr. Christ., <i>res quibus fruendum est,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3929 sunt pater et filius et spiritus sanctus</i>. Ergo et alia nomina
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3930 essentialia pluraliter praedicari possunt de tribus personis.</p><p title="I q. 39 a. 3 arg. 4"><a name="30010"><span class="ref">[30010] Iª q. 39 a. 3 arg. 4</span></a> Praeterea, sicut
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3931 hoc nomen Deus significat habentem deitatem, ita hoc nomen persona
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3932 significat subsistentem in natura aliqua intellectuali. Sed dicimus
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3933 tres personas. Ergo, eadem ratione, dicere possumus tres deos.</p><p title="I q. 39 a. 3 s. c."><a name="30011"><span class="ref">[30011] Iª q. 39 a. 3 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3934 quod dicitur Deut. VI, <i>audi, Israel, dominus Deus tuus, Deus
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3935 unus est</i>.</p><p title="I q. 39 a. 3 co."><a name="30012"><span class="ref">[30012] Iª q. 39 a. 3 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3936 quod nominum essentialium quaedam significant essentiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3937 substantive, quaedam vero adiective. Ea quidem quae substantive
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3938 essentiam significant, praedicantur de tribus personis singulariter
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3939 tantum, et non pluraliter, quae vero adiective essentiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3940 significant, praedicantur de tribus personis in plurali. Cuius
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3941 ratio est, quia nomina substantiva significant aliquid per modum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3942 substantiae, nomina vero adiectiva significant aliquid per modum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3943 accidentis, quod inhaeret subiecto. Substantia autem, sicut per se
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3944 habet esse, ita per se habet unitatem vel multitudinem, unde et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3945 singularitas vel pluralitas nominis substantivi attenditur secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3946 formam significatam per nomen. Accidentia autem, sicut esse habent
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3947 in subiecto, ita ex subiecto suscipiunt unitatem et multitudinem,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3948 et ideo in adiectivis attenditur singularitas et pluralitas
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3949 secundum supposita. In creaturis autem non invenitur una forma in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3950 pluribus suppositis nisi unitate ordinis, ut forma multitudinis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3951 ordinatae. Unde nomina significantia talem formam, si sint
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3952 substantiva, praedicantur de pluribus in singulari, non autem si
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3953 sint adiectiva. Dicimus enim quod multi homines sunt collegium vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3954 exercitus aut populus, dicimus tamen quod plures homines sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3955 collegiati. In divinis autem essentia divina significatur per modum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3956 formae, ut dictum est quae quidem simplex est et maxime una, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3957 supra ostensum est. Unde nomina significantia divinam essentiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3958 substantive, singulariter, et non pluraliter, de tribus personis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3959 praedicantur. Haec igitur est ratio quare Socratem et Platonem et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3960 Ciceronem dicimus tres homines; patrem autem et filium et spiritum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3961 sanctum non dicimus tres deos, sed unum Deum, quia in tribus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3962 suppositis humanae naturae sunt tres humanitates; in tribus autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3963 personis est una divina essentia. Ea vero quae significant
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3964 essentiam adiective, praedicantur pluraliter de tribus, propter
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3965 pluralitatem suppositorum. Dicimus enim tres existentes vel tres
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3966 sapientes, aut tres aeternos et increatos et immensos, si adiective
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3967 sumantur. Si vero substantive sumantur, dicimus unum increatum,
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3968 immensum et aeternum, ut Athanasius dicit.</p><p title="I q. 39 a. 3 ad 1"><a name="30013"><span class="ref">[30013] Iª q. 39 a. 3 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3969 dicendum quod, licet Deus significet habentem deitatem, est tamen
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3970 alius modus significandi, nam Deus dicitur substantive, sed habens
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3971 deitatem dicitur adiective. Unde, licet sint tres habentes
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3972 deitatem, non tamen sequitur quod sint tres dii.</p><p title="I q. 39 a. 3 ad 2"><a name="30014"><span class="ref">[30014] Iª q. 39 a. 3 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3973 dicendum quod diversae linguae habent diversum modum loquendi.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3974 Unde, sicut propter pluralitatem suppositorum Graeci dicunt tres
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3975 hypostases, ita et in Hebraeo dicitur pluraliter Elohim. Nos autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3976 non dicimus pluraliter neque deos neque substantias, ne pluralitas
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3977 ad substantiam referatur.</p><p title="I q. 39 a. 3 ad 3"><a name="30015"><span class="ref">[30015] Iª q. 39 a. 3 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3978 dicendum quod hoc nomen res est de transcendentibus. Unde, secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3979 quod pertinet ad relationem, pluraliter praedicatur in divinis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3980 secundum vero quod pertinet ad substantiam, singulariter
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3981 praedicatur. Unde Augustinus dicit ibidem quod <i>eadem Trinitas
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3982 quaedam summa res est</i>.</p><p title="I q. 39 a. 3 ad 4"><a name="30016"><span class="ref">[30016] Iª q. 39 a. 3 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3983 dicendum quod forma significata per hoc nomen persona, non est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3984 essentia vel natura, sed personalitas. Unde, cum sint tres
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3985 personalitates, idest tres personales proprietates, in patre et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3986 filio et spiritu sancto, non singulariter, sed pluraliter
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3987 praedicatur de tribus.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 4</h3><p title="I q. 39 a. 4 arg. 1"><a name="30017"><span class="ref">[30017] Iª q. 39 a. 4 arg. 1</span></a> Ad quartum sic
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3988 proceditur. Videtur quod nomina essentialia concretiva non possunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3989 supponere pro persona, ita quod haec sit vera, Deus genuit Deum.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3990 Quia, ut sophistae dicunt, terminus singularis idem significat et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3991 supponit. Sed hoc nomen Deus videtur esse terminus singularis, cum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3992 pluraliter praedicari non possit, ut dictum est. Ergo, cum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3993 significet essentiam, videtur quod supponat pro essentia, et non
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3994 pro persona.</p><p title="I q. 39 a. 4 arg. 2"><a name="30018"><span class="ref">[30018] Iª q. 39 a. 4 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3995 terminus in subiecto positus non restringitur per terminum positum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3996 in praedicato, ratione significationis; sed solum ratione temporis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3997 consignificati. Sed cum dico, Deus creat, hoc nomen Deus supponit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3998 pro essentia. Ergo cum dicitur, Deus genuit, non potest iste
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3999 terminus Deus, ratione praedicati notionalis, supponere pro
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4000 persona.</p><p title="I q. 39 a. 4 arg. 3"><a name="30019"><span class="ref">[30019] Iª q. 39 a. 4 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea, si
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4001 haec est vera, Deus genuit, quia pater generat; pari ratione haec
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4002 erit vera, Deus non generat, quia filius non generat. Ergo est Deus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4003 generans, et Deus non generans. Et ita videtur sequi quod sint duo
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4004 dii.</p><p title="I q. 39 a. 4 arg. 4"><a name="30020"><span class="ref">[30020] Iª q. 39 a. 4 arg. 4</span></a> Praeterea, si
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4005 Deus genuit Deum, aut se Deum, aut alium Deum. Sed non se Deum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4006 quia, ut Augustinus dicit, in I de Trin., <i>nulla res generat
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4007 seipsam</i>. Neque alium Deum, quia non est nisi unus Deus. Ergo
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4008 haec est falsa, Deus genuit Deum.</p><p title="I q. 39 a. 4 arg. 5"><a name="30021"><span class="ref">[30021] Iª q. 39 a. 4 arg. 5</span></a> Praeterea, si
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4009 Deus genuit Deum, aut Deum qui est Deus pater, aut Deum qui non est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4010 Deus pater. Si Deum qui est Deus pater, ergo Deus pater est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4011 genitus. Si Deum qui non est Deus pater, ergo Deus est qui non est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4012 Deus pater, quod est falsum. Non ergo potest dici quod Deus genuit
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4013 Deum.</p><p title="I q. 39 a. 4 s. c."><a name="30022"><span class="ref">[30022] Iª q. 39 a. 4 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4014 quod in symbolo dicitur Deum de Deo.</p><p title="I q. 39 a. 4 co."><a name="30023"><span class="ref">[30023] Iª q. 39 a. 4 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4015 quod quidam dixerunt quod hoc nomen Deus, et similia, proprie
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4016 secundum suam naturam supponunt pro essentia, sed ex adiuncto
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4017 notionali trahuntur ad supponendum pro persona. Et haec opinio
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4018 processisse videtur ex consideratione divinae simplicitatis, quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4019 requirit quod in Deo idem sit habens et quod habetur, et sic habens
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4020 deitatem, quod significat hoc nomen Deus, est idem quod deitas. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4021 in proprietatibus locutionum, non tantum attendenda est res
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4022 significata; sed etiam modus significandi. Et ideo, quia hoc nomen
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4023 Deus significat divinam essentiam ut in habente ipsam, sicut hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4024 nomen homo humanitatem significat in supposito; alii melius
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4025 dixerunt quod hoc nomen Deus ex modo significandi habet ut proprie
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4026 possit supponere pro persona, sicut et hoc nomen homo. Quandoque
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4027 ergo hoc nomen Deus supponit pro essentia, ut cum dicitur, Deus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4028 creat, quia hoc praedicatum competit subiecto ratione formae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4029 significatae, quae est deitas. Quandoque vero supponit personam,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4030 vel unam tantum, ut cum dicitur, Deus generat; vel duas, ut cum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4031 dicitur Deus spirat; vel tres, ut cum dicitur, <i>regi saeculorum
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4032 immortali, invisibili, soli Deo</i> etc., I Tim. I.</p><p title="I q. 39 a. 4 ad 1"><a name="30024"><span class="ref">[30024] Iª q. 39 a. 4 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4033 dicendum quod hoc nomen Deus, licet conveniat cum terminis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4034 singularibus in hoc, quod forma significata non multiplicatur;
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4035 convenit tamen cum terminis communibus in hoc, quod forma
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4036 significata invenitur in pluribus suppositis. Unde non oportet quod
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4037 semper supponat pro essentia quam significat.</p><p title="I q. 39 a. 4 ad 2"><a name="30025"><span class="ref">[30025] Iª q. 39 a. 4 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4038 dicendum quod obiectio illa procedit contra illos qui dicebant quod
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4039 hoc nomen Deus non habet naturalem suppositionem pro persona.</p><p title="I q. 39 a. 4 ad 3"><a name="30026"><span class="ref">[30026] Iª q. 39 a. 4 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4040 dicendum quod aliter se habet hoc nomen Deus ad supponendum pro
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4041 persona, et hoc nomen homo. Quia enim forma significata per hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4042 nomen homo, idest humanitas, realiter dividitur in diversis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4043 suppositis, per se supponit pro persona; etiamsi nihil addatur quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4044 determinet ipsum ad personam, quae est suppositum distinctum.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4045 Unitas autem sive communitas humanae naturae non est secundum rem,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4046 sed solum secundum considerationem, unde iste terminus homo non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4047 supponit pro natura communi, nisi propter exigentiam alicuius
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4048 additi, ut cum dicitur, homo est species. Sed forma significata per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4049 hoc nomen Deus, scilicet essentia divina, est una et communis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4050 secundum rem. Unde per se supponit pro natura communi, sed ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4051 adiuncto determinatur eius suppositio ad personam. Unde cum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4052 dicitur, Deus generat, ratione actus notionalis supponit hoc nomen
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4053 Deus pro persona patris. Sed cum dicitur, Deus non generat, nihil
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4054 additur quod determinet hoc nomen ad personam filii, unde datur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4055 intelligi quod generatio repugnet divinae naturae. Sed si addatur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4056 aliquid pertinens ad personam filii, vera erit locutio; ut si
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4057 dicatur, Deus genitus non generat. Unde etiam non sequitur, est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4058 Deus generans et est Deus non generans, nisi ponatur aliquid
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4059 pertinens ad personas; ut puta si dicamus, pater est Deus generans,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4060 et filius est Deus non generans. Et ita non sequitur quod sint
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4061 plures dii, quia pater et filius sunt unus Deus, ut dictum est.</p><p title="I q. 39 a. 4 ad 4"><a name="30027"><span class="ref">[30027] Iª q. 39 a. 4 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4062 dicendum quod haec est falsa, pater genuit se Deum, quia ly se, cum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4063 sit reciprocum, refert idem suppositum. Neque est contrarium quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4064 Augustinus dicit, ad maximum, quod Deus pater genuit alterum se.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4065 Quia ly se vel est casus ablativi; ut sit sensus, genuit alterum a
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4066 se. Vel facit relationem simplicem, et sic refert identitatem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4067 naturae, sed est impropria vel emphatica locutio, ut sit sensus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4068 genuit alterum simillimum sibi. Similiter et haec est falsa, genuit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4069 alium Deum. Quia licet filius sit alius a patre, ut supra dictum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4070 est, non tamen est dicendum quod sit alius Deus, quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4071 intelligeretur quod hoc adiectivum alius poneret rem suam circa
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4072 substantivum quod est Deus; et sic significaretur distinctio
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4073 deitatis. Quidam tamen concedunt istam, genuit alium Deum, ita quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4074 ly alius sit substantivum, et ly Deus appositive construatur cum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4075 eo. Sed hic est improprius modus loquendi, et evitandus, ne detur
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4076 occasio erroris.</p><p title="I q. 39 a. 4 ad 5"><a name="30028"><span class="ref">[30028] Iª q. 39 a. 4 ad 5</span></a> Ad quintum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4077 dicendum quod haec est falsa, Deus genuit Deum qui est Deus pater,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4078 quia, cum ly pater appositive construatur cum ly Deus, restringit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4079 ipsum ad standum pro persona patris; ut sit sensus, genuit Deum qui
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4080 est ipse pater, et sic pater esset genitus, quod est falsum. Unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4081 negativa est vera, genuit Deum qui non est Deus pater. Si tamen
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4082 intelligeretur constructio non esse appositiva, sed aliquid esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4083 interponendum; tunc e converso affirmativa esset vera, et negativa
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4084 falsa; ut sit sensus, genuit Deum qui est Deus qui est pater. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4085 haec est extorta expositio. Unde melius est quod simpliciter
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4086 affirmativa negetur, et negativa concedatur. Praepositivus tamen
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4087 dixit quod tam negativa quam affirmativa est falsa. Quia hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4088 relativum qui in affirmativa potest referre suppositum, sed in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4089 negativa refert et significatum et suppositum. Unde sensus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4090 affirmativae est, quod esse Deum patrem conveniat personae filii.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4091 Negativae vero sensus est, quod esse Deum patrem non tantum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4092 removeatur a persona filii, sed etiam a divinitate eius sed hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4093 irrationabile videtur, cum, secundum philosophum, de eodem de quo
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4094 est affirmatio, possit etiam esse negatio.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 5</h3><p title="I q. 39 a. 5 arg. 1"><a name="30029"><span class="ref">[30029] Iª q. 39 a. 5 arg. 1</span></a> Ad quintum sic
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4095 proceditur. Videtur quod nomina essentialia in abstracto
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4096 significata possint supponere pro persona, ita quod haec sit vera,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4097 essentia generat essentiam. Dicit enim Augustinus, VII de Trin.,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4098 <i>pater et filius sunt una sapientia, quia una essentia; et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4099 singillatim sapientia de sapientia, sicut essentia de
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4100 essentia</i>.</p><p title="I q. 39 a. 5 arg. 2"><a name="30030"><span class="ref">[30030] Iª q. 39 a. 5 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4101 generatis nobis vel corruptis, generantur vel corrumpuntur ea quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4102 in nobis sunt. Sed filius generatur. Ergo, cum essentia divina sit
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4103 in filio, videtur quod essentia divina generetur.</p><p title="I q. 39 a. 5 arg. 3"><a name="30031"><span class="ref">[30031] Iª q. 39 a. 5 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea, idem
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4104 est Deus et essentia divina, ut ex supra dictis patet. Sed haec est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4105 vera, Deus generat Deum, sicut dictum est. Ergo haec est vera,
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4106 essentia generat essentiam.</p><p title="I q. 39 a. 5 arg. 4"><a name="30032"><span class="ref">[30032] Iª q. 39 a. 5 arg. 4</span></a> Praeterea, de
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4107 quocumque praedicatur aliquid, potest supponere pro illo. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4108 essentia divina est pater. Ergo essentia potest supponere pro
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4109 persona patris. Et sic essentia generat.</p><p title="I q. 39 a. 5 arg. 5"><a name="30033"><span class="ref">[30033] Iª q. 39 a. 5 arg. 5</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4110 essentia est res generans, quia est pater, qui est generans. Si
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4111 igitur essentia non sit generans, erit essentia res generans et non
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4112 generans, quod est impossibile.</p><p title="I q. 39 a. 5 arg. 6"><a name="30034"><span class="ref">[30034] Iª q. 39 a. 5 arg. 6</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4113 Augustinus dicit, in IV de Trin., <i>pater est principium totius
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4114 deitatis</i>. Sed non est principium nisi generando vel spirando.
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4115 Ergo pater generat vel spirat deitatem.</p><p title="I q. 39 a. 5 s. c."><a name="30035"><span class="ref">[30035] Iª q. 39 a. 5 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4116 quod Augustinus dicit, in I de Trin., quod <i>nulla res generat
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4117 seipsam</i>. Sed si essentia generat essentiam, non generat nisi
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4118 seipsam, cum nihil sit in Deo, quod distinguatur a divina essentia.
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4119 Ergo essentia non generat essentiam.</p><p title="I q. 39 a. 5 co."><a name="30036"><span class="ref">[30036] Iª q. 39 a. 5 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4120 quod circa hoc erravit abbas Ioachim, asserens quod, sicut dicitur,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4121 Deus genuit Deum, ita potest dici quod essentia genuit essentiam;
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4122 considerans quod, propter divinam simplicitatem, non est aliud Deus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4123 quam divina essentia. Sed in hoc deceptus fuit, quia ad veritatem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4124 locutionum, non solum oportet considerare res significatas, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4125 etiam modum significandi ut dictum est. Licet autem, secundum re,
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4126 sit idem Deus quod deitas, non tamen est idem modus significandi
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4127 utrobique. Nam hoc nomen Deus, quia significat divinam essentiam ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4128 in habente, ex modo suae significationis naturaliter habet quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4129 possit supponere pro persona, et sic ea quae sunt propria
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4130 personarum, possunt praedicari de hoc nomine Deus, ut dicatur quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4131 Deus est genitus vel generans, sicut dictum est. Sed hoc nomen
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4132 essentia non habet ex modo suae significationis quod supponat pro
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4133 persona, quia significat essentiam ut formam abstractam. Et ideo ea
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4134 quae sunt propria personarum, quibus ab invicem distinguuntur, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4135 possunt essentiae attribui, significaretur enim quod esset
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4136 distinctio in essentia divina, sicut est distinctio in
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4137 suppositis.</p><p title="I q. 39 a. 5 ad 1"><a name="30037"><span class="ref">[30037] Iª q. 39 a. 5 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4138 dicendum quod, ad exprimendam unitatem essentiae et personae,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4139 sancti doctores aliquando expressius locuti sunt quam proprietas
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4140 locutionis patiatur. Unde huiusmodi locutiones non sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4141 extendendae, sed exponendae, ut scilicet nomina abstracta
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4142 exponantur per concreta, vel etiam per nomina personalia, ut, cum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4143 dicitur, essentia de essentia, vel sapientia de sapientia, sit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4144 sensus, filius, qui est essentia et sapientia, est de patre, qui
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4145 est essentia et sapientia. In his tamen nominibus abstractis est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4146 quidam ordo attendendus, quia ea quae pertinent ad actum, magis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4147 propinque se habent ad personas, quia actus sunt suppositorum. Unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4148 minus impropria est ista, natura de natura, vel sapientia de
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4149 sapientia, quam essentia de essentia.</p><p title="I q. 39 a. 5 ad 2"><a name="30038"><span class="ref">[30038] Iª q. 39 a. 5 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4150 dicendum quod in creaturis generatum non accipit naturam eandem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4151 numero quam generans habet, sed aliam numero, quae incipit in eo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4152 esse per generationem de novo, et desinit esse per corruptionem, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4153 ideo generatur et corrumpitur per accidens. Sed Deus genitus eandem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4154 naturam numero accipit quam generans habet. Et ideo natura divina
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4155 in filio non generatur, neque per se neque per accidens.</p><p title="I q. 39 a. 5 ad 3"><a name="30039"><span class="ref">[30039] Iª q. 39 a. 5 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4156 dicendum quod, licet Deus et divina essentia sint idem secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4157 rem, tamen, ratione alterius modi significandi, oportet loqui
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4158 diversimode de utroque.</p><p title="I q. 39 a. 5 ad 4"><a name="30040"><span class="ref">[30040] Iª q. 39 a. 5 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4159 dicendum quod essentia divina praedicatur de patre per modum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4160 identitatis, propter divinam simplicitatem, nec tamen sequitur quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4161 possit supponere pro patre, propter diversum modum significandi.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4162 Ratio autem procederet in illis, quorum unum praedicatur de altero
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4163 sicut universale de particulari.</p><p title="I q. 39 a. 5 ad 5"><a name="30041"><span class="ref">[30041] Iª q. 39 a. 5 ad 5</span></a> Ad quintum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4164 dicendum quod haec est differentia inter nomina substantiva et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4165 adiectiva, quia nomina substantiva ferunt suum suppositum,
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4166 adiectiva vero non, sed rem significatam ponunt circa substantivum.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4167 Unde sophistae dicunt quod nomina substantiva supponunt; adiectiva
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4168 vero non supponunt, sed copulant. Nomina igitur personalia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4169 substantiva possunt de essentia praedicari, propter identitatem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4170 rei, neque sequitur quod proprietas personalis distinctam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4171 determinet essentiam; sed ponitur circa suppositum importatum per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4172 nomen substantivum. Sed notionalia et personalia adiectiva non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4173 possunt praedicari de essentia, nisi aliquo substantivo adiuncto.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4174 Unde non possumus dicere quod essentia est generans. Possumus tamen
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4175 dicere quod essentia est res generans, vel Deus generans, si res et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4176 Deus supponant pro persona, non autem si supponant pro essentia.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4177 Unde non est contradictio, si dicatur quod essentia est res
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4178 generans, et res non generans, quia primo res tenetur pro persona,
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4179 secundo pro essentia.</p><p title="I q. 39 a. 5 ad 6"><a name="30042"><span class="ref">[30042] Iª q. 39 a. 5 ad 6</span></a> Ad sextum dicendum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4180 quod deitas, inquantum est una in pluribus suppositis, habet
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4181 quandam convenientiam cum forma nominis collectivi. Unde cum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4182 dicitur, pater est principium totius deitatis, potest sumi pro
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4183 universitate personarum; inquantum scilicet, in omnibus personis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4184 divinis, ipse est principium. Nec oportet quod sit principium sui
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4185 ipsius, sicut aliquis de populo dicitur rector totius populi, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4186 tamen sui ipsius. Vel potest dici quod est principium totius
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4187 deitatis, non quia eam generet et spiret, sed quia eam, generando
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4188 et spirando, communicat.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 6</h3><p title="I q. 39 a. 6 arg. 1"><a name="30043"><span class="ref">[30043] Iª q. 39 a. 6 arg. 1</span></a> Ad sextum sic
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4189 proceditur. Videtur quod personae non possint praedicari de
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4190 nominibus essentialibus concretis, ut dicatur, Deus est tres
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4191 personae, vel est Trinitas. Haec enim est falsa, homo est omnis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4192 homo, quia pro nullo suppositorum verificari potest, neque enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4193 Socrates est omnis homo, neque Plato, neque aliquis alius. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4194 similiter ista, Deus est Trinitas, pro nullo suppositorum naturae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4195 divinae verificari potest, neque enim pater est Trinitas, neque
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4196 filius, neque spiritus sanctus. Ergo haec est falsa, Deus est
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4197 Trinitas.</p><p title="I q. 39 a. 6 arg. 2"><a name="30044"><span class="ref">[30044] Iª q. 39 a. 6 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4198 inferiora non praedicantur de suis superioribus nisi accidentali
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4199 praedicatione, ut cum dico, animal est homo, accidit enim animali
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4200 esse hominem. Sed hoc nomen Deus se habet ad tres personas sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4201 commune ad inferiora, ut Damascenus dicit. Ergo videtur quod nomina
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4202 personarum non possint praedicari de hoc nomine Deus, nisi
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4203 accidentaliter.</p><p title="I q. 39 a. 6 s. c."><a name="30045"><span class="ref">[30045] Iª q. 39 a. 6 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4204 quod Augustinus dicit, in sermone de fide, <i>credimus unum Deum
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4205 unam esse divini nominis Trinitatem</i>.</p><p title="I q. 39 a. 6 co."><a name="30046"><span class="ref">[30046] Iª q. 39 a. 6 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4206 quod, sicut iam dictum est, licet nomina personalia vel notionalia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4207 adiectiva non possint praedicari de essentia; tamen substantiva
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4208 possunt, propter realem identitatem essentiae et personae. Essentia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4209 autem divina non solum idem est realiter cum una persona, sed cum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4210 tribus. Unde et una persona, et duae, et tres possunt de essentia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4211 praedicari; ut si dicamus, essentia est pater et filius et spiritus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4212 sanctus. Et quia hoc nomen Deus per se habet quod supponat pro
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4213 essentia, ut dictum est, ideo, sicut haec est vera, essentia est
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4214 tres personae, ita haec est vera, Deus est tres personae.</p><p title="I q. 39 a. 6 ad 1"><a name="30047"><span class="ref">[30047] Iª q. 39 a. 6 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4215 dicendum quod, sicut supra dictum est, hoc nomen homo per se habet
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4216 supponere pro persona; sed ex adiuncto habet quod stet pro natura
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4217 communi. Et ideo haec est falsa, homo est omnis homo, quia pro
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4218 nullo supposito verificari potest. Sed hoc nomen Deus per se habet
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4219 quod stet pro essentia. Unde, licet pro nullo suppositorum divinae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4220 naturae haec sit vera, Deus est Trinitas, est tamen vera pro
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4221 essentia. Quod non attendens, Porretanus eam negavit.</p><p title="I q. 39 a. 6 ad 2"><a name="30048"><span class="ref">[30048] Iª q. 39 a. 6 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4222 dicendum quod, cum dicitur, Deus vel divina essentia est pater, est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4223 praedicatio per identitatem, non autem sicut inferioris de
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4224 superiori, quia in divinis non est universale et singulare. Unde,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4225 sicut est per se ista, pater est Deus, ita et ista, Deus est pater;
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4226 et nullo modo per accidens.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 7</h3><p title="I q. 39 a. 7 arg. 1"><a name="30049"><span class="ref">[30049] Iª q. 39 a. 7 arg. 1</span></a> Ad septimum sic
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4227 proceditur. Videtur quod nomina essentialia non sint approprianda
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4228 personis. Quod enim potest vergere in errorem fidei, vitandum est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4229 in divinis, quia, ut Hieronymus dicit, <i>ex verbis inordinate
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4230 prolatis incurritur haeresis</i>. Sed ea quae sunt communia tribus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4231 personis appropriare alicui, potest vergere in errorem fidei, quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4232 potest intelligi quod vel illi tantum personae conveniant cui
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4233 appropriantur; vel quod magis conveniant ei quam aliis. Ergo
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4234 essentialia attributa non sunt approprianda personis.</p><p title="I q. 39 a. 7 arg. 2"><a name="30050"><span class="ref">[30050] Iª q. 39 a. 7 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4235 essentialia attributa, in abstracto significata, significant per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4236 modum formae. Sed una persona non se habet ad aliam ut forma, cum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4237 forma ab eo cuius est forma, supposito non distinguatur. Ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4238 essentialia attributa, maxime in abstracto significata, non debent
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4239 appropriari personis.</p><p title="I q. 39 a. 7 arg. 3"><a name="30051"><span class="ref">[30051] Iª q. 39 a. 7 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4240 proprium prius est appropriato, proprium enim est de ratione
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4241 appropriati. Sed essentialia attributa, secundum modum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4242 intelligendi, sunt priora personis, sicut commune est prius
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4243 proprio. Ergo essentialia attributa non debent esse
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4244 appropriata.</p><p title="I q. 39 a. 7 s. c."><a name="30052"><span class="ref">[30052] Iª q. 39 a. 7 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4245 quod apostolus dicit, I Cor. I, <i>Christum, Dei virtutem et Dei
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4246 sapientiam</i>.</p><p title="I q. 39 a. 7 co."><a name="30053"><span class="ref">[30053] Iª q. 39 a. 7 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4247 quod, ad manifestationem fidei, conveniens fuit essentialia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4248 attributa personis appropriari. Licet enim Trinitas personarum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4249 demonstratione probari non possit, ut supra dictum est, convenit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4250 tamen ut per aliqua magis manifesta declaretur. Essentialia vero
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4251 attributa sunt nobis magis manifesta secundum rationem, quam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4252 propria personarum, quia ex creaturis, ex quibus cognitionem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4253 accipimus, possumus per certitudinem devenire in cognitionem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4254 essentialium attributorum; non autem in cognitionem personalium
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4255 proprietatum, ut supra dictum est. Sicut igitur similitudine
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4256 vestigii vel imaginis in creaturis inventa utimur ad
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4257 manifestationem divinarum personarum, ita et essentialibus
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4258 attributis. Et haec manifestatio personarum per essentialia
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4259 attributa, appropriatio nominatur. Possunt autem manifestari
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4260 personae divinae per essentialia attributa dupliciter. Uno modo,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4261 per viam similitudinis, sicut ea quae pertinent ad intellectum,
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4262 appropriantur filio, qui procedit per modum intellectus ut verbum.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4263 Alio modo, per modum dissimilitudinis, sicut potentia appropriatur
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4264 patri, ut Augustinus dicit, quia apud nos patres solent esse
53
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parents: 28
diff changeset
4265 propter senectutem infirmi; ne tale aliquid suspicemur in Deo.</p><p title="I q. 39 a. 7 ad 1"><a name="30054"><span class="ref">[30054] Iª q. 39 a. 7 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4266 dicendum quod essentialia attributa non sic appropriantur personis
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4267 ut eis esse propria asserantur, sed ad manifestandum personas per
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4268 viam similitudinis vel dissimilitudinis, ut dictum est. Unde nullus
53
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parents: 28
diff changeset
4269 error fidei sequitur, sed magis manifestatio veritatis.</p><p title="I q. 39 a. 7 ad 2"><a name="30055"><span class="ref">[30055] Iª q. 39 a. 7 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4270 dicendum quod, si sic appropriarentur essentialia attributa
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4271 personis, quod essent eis propria, sequeretur quod una persona se
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4272 haberet ad aliam in habitudine formae. Quod excludit Augustinus, in
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4273 VII de Trin., ostendens quod pater non est sapiens sapientia quam
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4274 genuit, quasi solus filius sit sapientia; ut sic pater et filius
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4275 simul tantum possint dici sapiens, non autem pater sine filio. Sed
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4276 filius dicitur sapientia patris, quia est sapientia de patre
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4277 sapientia, uterque enim per se est sapientia, et simul ambo una
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4278 sapientia. Unde pater non est sapiens sapientia quam genuit, sed
53
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parents: 28
diff changeset
4279 sapientia quae est sua essentia.</p><p title="I q. 39 a. 7 ad 3"><a name="30056"><span class="ref">[30056] Iª q. 39 a. 7 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4280 dicendum quod, licet essentiale attributum, secundum rationem
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4281 propriam, sit prius quam persona, secundum, modum intelligendi;
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4282 tamen, inquantum habet rationem appropriati, nihil prohibet
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4283 proprium personae esse prius quam appropriatum. Sicut color
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4284 posterior est corpore, inquantum est corpus, prius tamen est
53
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parents: 28
diff changeset
4285 naturaliter corpore albo, inquantum est album.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 8</h3><p title="I q. 39 a. 8 arg. 1"><a name="30057"><span class="ref">[30057] Iª q. 39 a. 8 arg. 1</span></a> Ad octavum sic
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4286 proceditur. Videtur quod inconvenienter a sacris doctoribus sint
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4287 essentialia personis attributa. Dicit enim Hilarius, in II de
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4288 Trin., <i>aeternitas est in patre, species in imagine, usus in
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4289 munere</i>. In quibus verbis ponit tria nomina propria personarum,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4290 scilicet nomen patris; et nomen imaginis, quod est proprium filio,
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4291 ut supra dictum est; et nomen muneris, sive doni, quod est proprium
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4292 spiritus sancti, ut supra habitum est. Ponit etiam tria
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4293 appropriata, nam aeternitatem appropriat patri, speciem filio, usum
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4294 spiritui sancto. Et videtur quod irrationabiliter. Nam aeternitas
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4295 importat durationem essendi, species vero est essendi principium,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4296 usus vero ad operationem pertinere videtur. Sed essentia et
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4297 operatio nulli personae appropriari inveniuntur. Ergo
53
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parents: 28
diff changeset
4298 inconvenienter videntur ista appropriata personis.</p><p title="I q. 39 a. 8 arg. 2"><a name="30058"><span class="ref">[30058] Iª q. 39 a. 8 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4299 Augustinus in I de Doctr. Christ., sic dicit, <i>in patre est
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4300 unitas, in filio aequalitas, in spiritu sancto unitatis
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4301 aequalitatisque concordia</i>. Et videtur quod inconvenienter. Quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4302 una persona non denominatur formaliter per id quod appropriatur
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4303 alteri, non enim est sapiens pater sapientia genita, ut dictum est.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4304 Sed, sicut ibidem subditur, <i>tria haec unum omnia sunt propter
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4305 patrem, aequalia omnia propter filium, connexa omnia propter
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4306 spiritum sanctum</i>. Non ergo convenienter appropriantur
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
4307 personis.</p><p title="I q. 39 a. 8 arg. 3"><a name="30059"><span class="ref">[30059] Iª q. 39 a. 8 arg. 3</span></a> Item, secundum
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4308 Augustinum, patri attribuitur potentia, filio sapientia, spiritui
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4309 sancto bonitas. Et videtur hoc esse inconveniens. Nam virtus ad
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4310 potentiam pertinet. Virtus autem invenitur appropriari filio,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4311 secundum illud I ad Cor. I, <i>Christum, Dei virtutem</i>; et etiam
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4312 spiritui sancto, secundum illud Luc. VI, <i>virtus de illo exibat,
53
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parents: 28
diff changeset
4313 et sanabat omnes</i>. Non ergo potentia patri est approprianda.</p><p title="I q. 39 a. 8 arg. 4"><a name="30060"><span class="ref">[30060] Iª q. 39 a. 8 arg. 4</span></a> Item,
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4314 Augustinus, in libro de Trin., dicit, <i>non confuse accipiendum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4315 est quod ait apostolus, ex ipso, et per ipsum, et in ipso - ex ipso
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4316 dicens propter patrem; per ipsum propter filium; in ipso propter
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4317 spiritum sanctum</i>. Sed videtur quod inconvenienter. Quia per hoc
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4318 quod dicit in ipso, videtur importari habitudo causae finalis, quae
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4319 est prima causarum. Ergo ista habitudo causae deberet appropriari
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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diff changeset
4320 patri, qui est principium non de principio.</p><p title="I q. 39 a. 8 arg. 5"><a name="30061"><span class="ref">[30061] Iª q. 39 a. 8 arg. 5</span></a> Item, invenitur
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4321 veritas appropriari filio, secundum illud Ioan. XIV, <i>ego sum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4322 via, veritas et vita</i>. Et similiter liber vitae, secundum illud
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4323 Psalmi XXXIX, <i>in capite libri scriptum est de me</i>, Glossa,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4324 idest apud patrem, qui est caput meum. Et similiter hoc quod dico,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4325 qui est, quia super illud Isa. LXV, <i>ecce ego, ad gentes</i>,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4326 dicit Glossa, <i>filius loquitur, qui dixit Moysi, ego sum qui
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4327 sum</i>. Sed videtur quod propria sint filii, et non appropriata.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4328 <i>Nam veritas</i>, secundum Augustinum, in libro de vera
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4329 religione, <i>est summa similitudo principii, absque omni
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4330 dissimilitudine</i>, et sic videtur quod proprie conveniat filio,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4331 qui habet principium. Liber etiam vitae videtur proprium aliquid
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4332 esse, quia significat ens ab alio, omnis enim liber ab aliquo
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4333 scribitur. Hoc etiam ipsum qui est videtur esse proprium filio.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4334 Quia si, cum Moysi dicitur, ego sum qui sum, loquitur Trinitas,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4335 ergo Moyses poterat dicere, ille qui est pater et filius et
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4336 spiritus sanctus, misit me ad vos. Ergo et ulterius dicere poterat,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4337 ille qui est pater et filius et spiritus sanctus, misit me ad vos,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4338 demonstrando certam personam. Hoc autem est falsum, quia nulla
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4339 persona est pater et filius et spiritus sanctus. Non ergo potest
53
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parents: 28
diff changeset
4340 esse commune Trinitati, sed est proprium filii.</p><p title="I q. 39 a. 8 co."><a name="30062"><span class="ref">[30062] Iª q. 39 a. 8 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4341 quod intellectus noster, qui ex creaturis in Dei cognitionem
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4342 manuducitur, oportet quod Deum consideret secundum modum quem ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4343 creaturis assumit. In consideratione autem alicuius creaturae,
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4344 quatuor per ordinem nobis occurrunt. Nam primo, consideratur res
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4345 ipsa absolute, inquantum est ens quoddam. Secunda autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4346 consideratio rei est, inquantum est una. Tertia consideratio rei
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4347 est, secundum quod inest ei virtus ad operandum et ad causandum.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4348 Quarta autem consideratio rei est, secundum habitudinem quam habet
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4349 ad causata. Unde haec etiam quadruplex consideratio circa Deum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4350 nobis occurrit. Secundum igitur primam considerationem, qua
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4351 consideratur absolute Deus secundum esse suum, sic sumitur
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4352 appropriatio Hilarii, secundum quam aeternitas appropriatur patri,
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4353 species filio, usus spiritui sancto. Aeternitas enim, inquantum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4354 significat esse non principiatum, similitudinem habet cum proprio
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4355 patris, qui est principium non de principio. Species autem, sive
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4356 pulchritudo, habet similitudinem cum propriis filii. Nam ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4357 pulchritudinem tria requiruntur. Primo quidem, integritas sive
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4358 perfectio, quae enim diminuta sunt, hoc ipso turpia sunt. Et debita
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4359 proportio sive consonantia. Et iterum claritas, unde quae habent
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4360 colorem nitidum, pulchra esse dicuntur. Quantum igitur ad primum,
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4361 similitudinem habet cum proprio filii, inquantum est filius habens
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4362 in se vere et perfecte naturam patris. Unde, ad hoc innuendum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4363 Augustinus in sua expositione dicit, ubi, scilicet in filio, summa
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4364 et prima vita est, et cetera. Quantum vero ad secundum, convenit
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4365 cum proprio filii, inquantum est imago expressa patris. Unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4366 videmus quod aliqua imago dicitur esse pulchra, si perfecte
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4367 repraesentat rem, quamvis turpem. Et hoc tetigit Augustinus cum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4368 dicit, ubi est tanta convenientia, et prima aequalitas, et cetera.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4369 Quantum vero ad tertium, convenit cum proprio filii, inquantum est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4370 verbum, quod quidem lux est, et splendor intellectus, ut Damascenus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4371 dicit. Et hoc tangit Augustinus cum dicit, <i>tanquam verbum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4372 perfectum cui non desit aliquid, et ars quaedam omnipotentis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4373 Dei,</i> et cetera. Usus autem habet similitudinem cum propriis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4374 spiritus sancti, largo modo accipiendo usum, secundum quod uti
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4375 comprehendit sub se etiam frui; prout uti est assumere aliquid in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4376 facultatem voluntatis, et frui est cum gaudio uti, ut Augustinus, X
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4377 de Trin., dicit. Usus ergo quo pater et filius se invicem fruuntur,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4378 convenit cum proprio spiritus sancti, inquantum est amor. Et hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4379 est quod Augustinus dicit, <i>illa dilectio, delectatio, felicitas
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4380 vel beatitudo, usus ab illo appellatus est</i>. Usus vero quo nos
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4381 fruimur Deo, similitudinem habet cum proprio spiritus sancti,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4382 inquantum est donum. Et hoc ostendit Augustinus cum dicit, <i>est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4383 in Trinitate spiritus sanctus, genitoris genitique suavitas,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4384 ingenti largitate atque ubertate nos perfundens</i>. Et sic patet
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4385 quare aeternitas, species et usus personis attribuantur vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4386 approprientur, non autem essentia vel operatio. Quia in ratione
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4387 horum, propter sui communitatem, non invenitur aliquid
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4388 similitudinem habens cum propriis personarum. Secunda vero
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4389 consideratio Dei est, inquantum consideratur ut unus. Et sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4390 Augustinus patri appropriat unitatem, filio aequalitatem, spiritui
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4391 sancto concordiam sive connexionem. Quae quidem tria unitatem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4392 importare manifestum est, sed differenter. Nam unitas dicitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4393 absolute, non praesupponens aliquid aliud. Et ideo appropriatur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4394 patri, qui non praesupponit aliquam personam, cum sit principium
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4395 non de principio. Aequalitas autem importat unitatem in respectu ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4396 alterum, nam aequale est quod habet unam quantitatem cum alio. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4397 ideo aequalitas appropriatur filio, qui est principium de
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4398 principio. Connexio autem importat unitatem aliquorum duorum. Unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4399 appropriatur spiritui sancto, inquantum est a duobus. Ex quo etiam
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4400 intelligi potest quod dicit Augustinus, <i>tria esse unum propter
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4401 patrem, aequalia propter filium, connexa propter spiritum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4402 sanctum</i>. Manifestum est enim quod illi attribuitur unumquodque,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4403 in quo primo invenitur, sicut omnia inferiora dicuntur vivere
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4404 propter animam vegetabilem, in qua primo invenitur ratio vitae in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4405 istis inferioribus. Unitas autem statim invenitur in persona
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4406 patris, etiam, per impossibile, remotis aliis personis. Et ideo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4407 aliae personae a patre habent unitatem. Sed remotis aliis personis,
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4408 non invenitur aequalitas in patre, sed statim, posito filio,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4409 invenitur aequalitas. Et ideo dicuntur omnia aequalia propter
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4410 filium, non quod filius sit principium aequalitatis patri; sed
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4411 quia, nisi esset patri aequalis filius, pater aequalis non posset
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4412 dici. Aequalitas enim eius primo consideratur ad filium, hoc enim
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4413 ipsum quod spiritus sanctus patri aequalis est, a filio habet.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4414 Similiter, excluso spiritu sancto, qui est duorum nexus, non posset
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4415 intelligi unitas connexionis inter patrem et filium. Et ideo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4416 dicuntur omnia esse connexa propter spiritum sanctum, quia, posito
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4417 spiritu sancto, invenitur unde pater et filius possint dici
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4418 connexi. Secundum vero tertiam considerationem, qua in Deo
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4419 sufficiens virtus consideratur ad causandum, sumitur tertia
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4420 appropriatio, scilicet potentiae, sapientiae et bonitatis. Quae
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4421 quidem appropriatio fit et secundum rationem similitudinis, si
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4422 consideretur quod in divinis personis est, et secundum rationem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4423 dissimilitudinis, si consideretur quod in creaturis est. Potentia
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4424 enim habet rationem principii. Unde habet similitudinem cum patre
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4425 caelesti, qui est principium totius divinitatis. Deficit autem
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4426 interdum patri terreno, propter senectutem. Sapientia vero
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4427 similitudinem habet cum filio caelesti, inquantum est verbum, quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4428 nihil aliud est quam conceptus sapientiae. Deficit autem interdum
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4429 filio terreno, propter temporis paucitatem. Bonitas autem, cum sit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4430 ratio et obiectum amoris, habet similitudinem cum spiritu divino,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4431 qui est amor. Sed repugnantiam habere videtur ad spiritum terrenum,
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4432 secundum quod importat violentam quandam impulsionem; prout dicitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4433 Isa. XXV, <i>spiritus robustorum quasi turbo impellens
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4434 parietem</i>. Virtus autem appropriatur filio et spiritui sancto,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4435 non secundum quod virtus dicitur ipsa potentia rei, sed secundum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4436 quod interdum virtus dicitur id quod a potentia rei procedit, prout
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4437 dicimus aliquod virtuosum factum esse virtutem alicuius agentis.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4438 Secundum vero quartam considerationem, prout consideratur Deus in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4439 habitudine ad suos effectus, sumitur illa appropriatio ex quo, per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4440 quem, et in quo. Haec enim praepositio ex importat quandoque quidem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4441 habitudinem causae materialis, quae locum non habet in divinis,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4442 aliquando vero habitudinem causae efficientis. Quae quidem competit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4443 Deo ratione suae potentiae activae, unde et appropriatur patri,
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4444 sicut et potentia. Haec vero praepositio per designat quidem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4445 quandoque causam mediam; sicut dicimus quod faber operatur per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4446 martellum. Et sic ly per quandoque non est appropriatum, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4447 proprium filii, secundum illud Ioan. I, <i>omnia per ipsum facta
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4448 sunt</i>; non quia filius sit instrumentum, sed quia ipse est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4449 principium de principio. Quandoque vero designat habitudinem formae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4450 per quam agens operatur; sicut dicimus quod artifex operatur per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4451 artem. Unde, sicut sapientia et ars appropriantur filio, ita et ly
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4452 per quem. Haec vero praepositio in denotat proprie habitudinem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4453 continentis. Continet autem Deus res dupliciter. Uno modo, secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4454 suas similitudines; prout scilicet res dicuntur esse in Deo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4455 inquantum sunt in eius scientia. Et sic hoc quod dico in ipso,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4456 esset appropriandum filio. Alio vero modo continentur res a Deo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4457 inquantum Deus sua bonitate eas conservat et gubernat, ad finem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4458 convenientem adducendo. Et sic ly in quo appropriatur spiritui
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4459 sancto, sicut et bonitas. Nec oportet quod habitudo causae finalis,
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4460 quamvis sit prima causarum, approprietur patri, qui est principium
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4461 non de principio, quia personae divinae, quarum pater est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4462 principium, non procedunt ut ad finem, cum quaelibet illarum sit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4463 ultimus finis; sed naturali processione, quae magis ad rationem
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
4464 naturalis potentiae pertinere videtur.</p><p title="I q. 39 a. 8 ad 1"><a name="30063"><span class="ref">[30063] Iª q. 39 a. 8 ad 1</span></a> Ad illud vero quod
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4465 de aliis quaeritur, dicendum quod veritas, cum pertineat ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4466 intellectum, ut supra dictum est, appropriatur filio, non tamen est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4467 proprium eius. Quia veritas, ut supra dictum est, considerari
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4468 potest prout est in intellectu, vel prout est in re. Sicut igitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4469 intellectus et res essentialiter sumpta sunt essentialia et non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4470 personalia, ita et veritas. Definitio autem Augustini inducta,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4471 datur de veritate secundum quod appropriatur filio. Liber autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4472 vitae in recto quidem importat notitiam, sed in obliquo vitam, est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4473 enim, ut supra dictum est, notitia Dei de his qui habituri sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4474 vitam aeternam. Unde appropriatur filio, licet vita approprietur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4475 spiritui sancto, inquantum importat quendam interiorem motum, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4476 sic convenit cum proprio spiritus sancti, inquantum est amor. Esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4477 autem scriptum ab alio, non est de ratione libri inquantum est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4478 liber; sed inquantum est quoddam artificiatum. Unde non importat
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4479 originem, neque est personale, sed appropriatum personae. Ipsum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4480 autem qui est appropriatur personae filii, non secundum propriam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4481 rationem, sed ratione adiuncti, inquantum scilicet in locutione Dei
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4482 ad Moysen, praefigurabatur liberatio humani generis, quae facta est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4483 per filium. Sed tamen, secundum quod ly qui sumitur relative,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4484 posset referre interdum personam filii, et sic sumeretur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4485 personaliter, ut puta si dicatur, filius est genitus qui est; sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4486 et Deus genitus personale est. Sed infinite sumptum est essentiale.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4487 Et licet hoc pronomen iste, grammatice loquendo, ad aliquam certam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4488 personam videatur pertinere; tamen quaelibet res demonstrabilis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4489 grammatice loquendo, persona dici potest, licet secundum rei
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4490 naturam non sit persona; dicimus enim iste lapis, et iste asinus.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4491 Unde et, grammatice loquendo, essentia divina, secundum quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4492 significatur et supponitur per hoc nomen Deus, potest demonstrari
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4493 hoc pronomine iste; secundum illud Exod. XV, <i>iste Deus meus, et
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4494 glorificabo eum</i>.</p></div></div><div class="q" id="q40"><h2>Quaestio 40</h2><div class="p"><h3>Prooemium</h3><p title="I q. 40 pr."><a name="30064"><span class="ref">[30064]
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4495 Iª q. 40 pr.</span></a> Deinde quaeritur de personis in
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4496 comparatione ad relationes sive proprietates. Et quaeruntur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4497 quatuor. Primo, utrum relatio sit idem quod persona. Secundo, utrum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4498 relationes distinguant et constituant personas. Tertio, utrum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4499 abstractis per intellectum relationibus a personis, remaneant
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4500 hypostases distinctae. Quarto, utrum relationes, secundum
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4501 intellectum, praesupponant actus personarum, vel e converso.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 1</h3><p title="I q. 40 a. 1 arg. 1"><a name="30065"><span class="ref">[30065] Iª q. 40 a. 1 arg. 1</span></a> Ad primum sic
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4502 proceditur. Videtur quod in divinis non sit idem relatio quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4503 persona. Quaecumque enim sunt idem, multiplicato uno eorum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4504 multiplicatur et aliud. Sed contingit in una persona esse plures
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4505 relationes, sicut in persona patris est paternitas et communis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4506 spiratio, et iterum unam relationem in duabus personis esse, sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4507 communis spiratio est in patre et filio. Ergo relatio non est idem
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4508 quod persona.</p><p title="I q. 40 a. 1 arg. 2"><a name="30066"><span class="ref">[30066] Iª q. 40 a. 1 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea, nihil
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4509 est in seipso, secundum philosophum, in IV Physic. Sed relatio est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4510 in persona. Nec potest dici quod ratione identitatis, quia sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4511 esset etiam in essentia. Ergo relatio sive proprietas et persona
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4512 non sunt idem in divinis.</p><p title="I q. 40 a. 1 arg. 3"><a name="30067"><span class="ref">[30067] Iª q. 40 a. 1 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4513 quaecumque sunt idem, ita se habent, quod quidquid praedicatur de
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4514 uno, praedicatur et de alio. Non autem quidquid praedicatur de
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4515 persona, praedicatur de proprietate. Dicimus enim quod pater
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4516 generat, sed non dicimus quod paternitas sit generans. Ergo
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4517 proprietas non est idem quod persona in divinis.</p><p title="I q. 40 a. 1 s. c."><a name="30068"><span class="ref">[30068] Iª q. 40 a. 1 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra, in
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4518 divinis non differt quod est et quo est, ut habetur a Boetio in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4519 libro de Hebd. Sed pater paternitate est pater. Ergo pater idem est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4520 quod paternitas. Et eadem ratione aliae proprietates idem sunt cum
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4521 personis.</p><p title="I q. 40 a. 1 co."><a name="30069"><span class="ref">[30069] Iª q. 40 a. 1 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4522 quod circa hoc aliqui diversimode opinati sunt. Quidam enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4523 dixerunt proprietates neque esse personas, neque in personis. Qui
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4524 fuerunt moti ex modo significandi relationum, quae quidem non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4525 significant ut in aliquo, sed magis ut ad aliquid. Unde dixerunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4526 relationes esse assistentes, sicut supra expositum est. Sed quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4527 relatio, secundum quod est quaedam res in divinis, est ipsa
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4528 essentia; essentia autem idem est quod persona, ut ex dictis patet;
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4529 oportet quod relatio sit idem quod persona. Hanc igitur identitatem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4530 alii considerantes, dixerunt proprietates quidem esse personas, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4531 autem in personis, quia non ponebant proprietates in divinis nisi
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4532 secundum modum loquendi, ut supra dictum est. Necesse est autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4533 ponere proprietates in divinis, ut supra ostendimus. Quae quidem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4534 significantur in abstracto, ut quaedam formae personarum. Unde, cum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4535 de ratione formae sit, quod sit in eo cuius est forma, oportet
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4536 dicere proprietates esse in personis, et eas tamen esse personas;
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4537 sicut essentiam esse in Deo dicimus, quae tamen est Deus.</p><p title="I q. 40 a. 1 ad 1"><a name="30070"><span class="ref">[30070] Iª q. 40 a. 1 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4538 dicendum quod persona et proprietas sunt idem re, differunt tamen
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4539 secundum rationem. Unde non oportet quod, multiplicato uno,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4540 multiplicetur reliquum. Considerandum tamen est quod, propter
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4541 divinam simplicitatem, consideratur duplex realis identitas in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4542 divinis eorum quae differunt in rebus creatis. Quia enim divina
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4543 simplicitas excludit compositionem formae et materiae, sequitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4544 quod in divinis idem est abstractum et concretum, ut deitas et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4545 Deus. Quia vero divina simplicitas excludit compositionem subiecti
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4546 et accidentis, sequitur quod quidquid attribuitur Deo, est eius
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4547 essentia, et propter hoc sapientia et virtus idem sunt in Deo, quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4548 ambo sunt in divina essentia. Et secundum hanc duplicem rationem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4549 identitatis, proprietas in divinis est idem cum persona. Nam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4550 proprietates personales sunt idem cum personis, ea ratione qua
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4551 abstractum est idem cum concreto. Sunt enim ipsae personae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4552 subsistentes; ut paternitas est ipse pater, et filiatio filius, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4553 processio spiritus sanctus. Proprietates autem non personales sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4554 idem cum personis secundum aliam rationem identitatis, qua omne
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4555 illud quod attribuitur Deo, est eius essentia. Sic igitur communis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4556 spiratio est idem cum persona patris et cum persona filii, non quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4557 sit una persona per se subsistens; sed, sicut una essentia est in
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4558 duabus personis, ita et una proprietas, ut supra dictum est.</p><p title="I q. 40 a. 1 ad 2"><a name="30071"><span class="ref">[30071] Iª q. 40 a. 1 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4559 dicendum quod proprietates dicuntur esse in essentia, per modum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4560 identitatis tantum. In personis autem dicuntur esse per modum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4561 identitatis, non quidem secundum rem tantum, sed quantum ad modum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4562 significandi, sicut forma in supposito. Et ideo proprietates
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4563 determinant et distinguunt personas, non autem essentiam.</p><p title="I q. 40 a. 1 ad 3"><a name="30072"><span class="ref">[30072] Iª q. 40 a. 1 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4564 dicendum quod participia et verba notionalia significant actus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4565 notionales. Actus autem suppositorum sunt. Proprietates autem non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4566 significantur ut supposita, sed ut formae suppositorum. Et ideo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4567 modus significandi repugnat, ut participia et verba notionalia de
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4568 proprietatibus praedicentur.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 2</h3><p title="I q. 40 a. 2 arg. 1"><a name="30073"><span class="ref">[30073] Iª q. 40 a. 2 arg. 1</span></a> Ad secundum sic
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4569 proceditur. Videtur quod personae non distinguantur per relationes.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4570 Simplicia enim seipsis distinguuntur. Sed personae divinae sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4571 maxime simplices. Ergo distinguuntur seipsis, et non
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4572 relationibus.</p><p title="I q. 40 a. 2 arg. 2"><a name="30074"><span class="ref">[30074] Iª q. 40 a. 2 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea, nulla
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4573 forma distinguitur nisi secundum suum genus, non enim album a nigro
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4574 distinguitur nisi secundum qualitatem. Sed hypostasis significat
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4575 individuum in genere substantiae. Non ergo relationibus hypostases
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4576 distingui possint.</p><p title="I q. 40 a. 2 arg. 3"><a name="30075"><span class="ref">[30075] Iª q. 40 a. 2 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4577 absolutum est prius quam relativum. Sed prima distinctio est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4578 distinctio divinarum personarum. Ergo divinae personae non
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4579 distinguuntur relationibus.</p><p title="I q. 40 a. 2 arg. 4"><a name="30076"><span class="ref">[30076] Iª q. 40 a. 2 arg. 4</span></a> Praeterea, id
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4580 quod praesupponit distinctionem, non potest esse primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4581 distinctionis principium. Sed relatio praesupponit distinctionem,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4582 cum in eius definitione ponatur, esse enim relativi est ad aliud se
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4583 habere. Ergo primum principium distinctivum in divinis non potest
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
4584 esse relatio.</p><p title="I q. 40 a. 2 s. c."><a name="30077"><span class="ref">[30077] Iª q. 40 a. 2 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4585 quod Boetius dicit, in libro de Trin., quod sola relatio
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4586 multiplicat Trinitatem divinarum personarum.</p><p title="I q. 40 a. 2 co."><a name="30078"><span class="ref">[30078] Iª q. 40 a. 2 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4587 quod in quibuscumque pluribus invenitur aliquid commune, oportet
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4588 quaerere aliquid distinctivum. Unde, cum tres personae conveniant
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4589 secundum essentiae unitatem, necesse est quaerere aliquid quo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4590 distinguantur, ad hoc quod plures sint. Inveniuntur autem in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4591 divinis personis duo secundum quae differunt, scilicet origo, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4592 relatio. Quae quidem quamvis re non differant, differunt tamen
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4593 secundum modum significandi, nam origo significatur per modum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4594 actus, ut generatio; relatio vero per modum formae, ut paternitas.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4595 Quidam igitur, attendentes quod relatio consequitur actum, dixerunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4596 quod hypostases in divinis distinguuntur per originem; ut dicamus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4597 quod pater distinguitur a filio, inquantum ille generat et hic est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4598 genitus. Relationes autem sive proprietates manifestant
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4599 consequenter hypostasum sive personarum distinctiones, sicut et in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4600 creaturis proprietates manifestant distinctiones individuorum, quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4601 fiunt per materialia principia. Sed hoc non potest stare, propter
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4602 duo. Primo quidem, quia ad hoc quod aliqua duo distincta
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4603 intelligantur, necesse est eorum distinctionem intelligi per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4604 aliquid intrinsecum utrique; sicut in rebus creatis vel per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4605 materiam, vel per formam. Origo autem alicuius rei non significatur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4606 ut aliquid intrinsecum, sed ut via quaedam a re vel ad rem, sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4607 generatio significatur ut via quaedam ad rem genitam, et ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4608 progrediens a generante. Unde non potest esse quod res genita et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4609 generans distinguantur sola generatione, sed oportet intelligere
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4610 tam in generante quam in genito ea quibus ab invicem distinguuntur.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4611 In persona autem divina non est aliud intelligere nisi essentiam et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4612 relationem sive proprietatem. Unde, cum in essentia conveniant,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4613 relinquitur quod per relationes personae ab invicem distinguantur.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4614 Secundo, quia distinctio in divinis personis non est sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4615 intelligenda, quasi aliquid commune dividatur, quia essentia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4616 communis remanet indivisa, sed oportet quod ipsa distinguentia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4617 constituant res distinctas. Sic autem relationes vel proprietates
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4618 distinguunt vel constituunt hypostases vel personas, inquantum sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4619 ipsae personae subsistentes, sicut paternitas est pater, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4620 filiatio est filius, eo quod in divinis non differt abstractum et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4621 concretum. Sed contra rationem originis est, quod constituat
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4622 hypostasim vel personam. Quia origo active significata,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4623 significatur ut progrediens a persona subsistente, unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4624 praesupponit eam. Origo autem passive significata, ut nativitas,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4625 significatur ut via ad personam subsistentem; et nondum ut eam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4626 constituens. Unde melius dicitur quod personae seu hypostases
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4627 distinguantur relationibus, quam per originem. Licet enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4628 distinguantur utroque modo, tamen prius et principalius per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4629 relationes, secundum modum intelligendi. Unde hoc nomen pater non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4630 solum significat proprietatem, sed etiam hypostasim, sed hoc nomen
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4631 genitor, vel generans, significat tantum proprietatem. Quia hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4632 nomen pater significat relationem, quae est distinctiva et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4633 constitutiva hypostasis, hoc autem nomen generans, vel genitus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4634 significat originem, quae non est distinctiva et constitutiva
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4635 hypostasis.</p><p title="I q. 40 a. 2 ad 1"><a name="30079"><span class="ref">[30079] Iª q. 40 a. 2 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4636 dicendum quod personae sunt ipsae relationes subsistentes. Unde non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4637 repugnat simplicitati divinarum personarum, quod relationibus
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4638 distinguantur.</p><p title="I q. 40 a. 2 ad 2"><a name="30080"><span class="ref">[30080] Iª q. 40 a. 2 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4639 dicendum quod personae divinae non distinguuntur in esse in quo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4640 subsistunt, neque in aliquo absoluto, sed solum secundum id quod ad
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4641 aliquid dicuntur. Unde ad earum distinctionem sufficit relatio.</p><p title="I q. 40 a. 2 ad 3"><a name="30081"><span class="ref">[30081] Iª q. 40 a. 2 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4642 dicendum quod quanto distinctio prior est, tanto propinquior est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4643 unitati. Et ideo debet esse minima. Et ideo distinctio personarum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4644 non debet esse nisi per id quod minimum distinguit, scilicet per
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4645 relationem.</p><p title="I q. 40 a. 2 ad 4"><a name="30082"><span class="ref">[30082] Iª q. 40 a. 2 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4646 dicendum quod relatio praesupponit distinctionem suppositorum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4647 quando est accidens, sed si relatio sit subsistens, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4648 praesupponit, sed secum fert distinctionem. Cum enim dicitur quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4649 relativi esse est ad aliud se habere, per ly aliud intelligitur
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4650 correlativum, quod non est prius, sed simul natura.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 3</h3><p title="I q. 40 a. 3 arg. 1"><a name="30083"><span class="ref">[30083] Iª q. 40 a. 3 arg. 1</span></a> Ad tertium sic
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4651 proceditur. Videtur quod, abstractis per intellectum proprietatibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4652 seu relationibus a personis, adhuc remaneant hypostases. Id enim ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4653 quod aliquid se habet ex additione, potest intelligi remoto eo quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4654 sibi additur, sicut homo se habet ad animal ex additione, et potest
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4655 intelligi animal remoto rationali. Sed persona se habet ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4656 additione ad hypostasim, est enim persona hypostasis proprietate
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4657 distincta ad dignitatem pertinente. Ergo, remota proprietate
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4658 personali a persona, intelligitur hypostasis.</p><p title="I q. 40 a. 3 arg. 2"><a name="30084"><span class="ref">[30084] Iª q. 40 a. 3 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea, pater
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4659 non ab eodem habet quod sit pater, et quod sit aliquis. Cum enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4660 paternitate sit pater, si paternitate esset aliquis, sequeretur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4661 quod filius, in quo non est paternitas, non esset aliquis. Remota
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4662 ergo per intellectum paternitate a patre, adhuc remanet quod sit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4663 aliquis; quod est esse hypostasim. Ergo, remota proprietate a
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4664 persona, remanet hypostasis.</p><p title="I q. 40 a. 3 arg. 3"><a name="30085"><span class="ref">[30085] Iª q. 40 a. 3 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4665 Augustinus dicit, V de Trin., <i>non hoc est dicere ingenitum, quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4666 est dicere patrem, quia etsi filium non genuisset, nihil prohiberet
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4667 eum dicere ingenitum</i>. Sed si filium non genuisset, non inesset
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4668 ei paternitas. Ergo, remota paternitate, adhuc remanet hypostasis
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4669 patris ut ingenita.</p><p title="I q. 40 a. 3 s. c."><a name="30086"><span class="ref">[30086] Iª q. 40 a. 3 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4670 quod Hilarius dicit, IV de Trin., <i>nihil habet filius nisi
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4671 natum</i>. Nativitate autem est filius. Ergo, remota filiatione,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4672 non remanet hypostasis filii. Et eadem ratio est de aliis
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4673 personis.</p><p title="I q. 40 a. 3 co."><a name="30087"><span class="ref">[30087] Iª q. 40 a. 3 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4674 quod duplex fit abstractio per intellectum. Una quidem, secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4675 quod universale abstrahitur a particulari, ut animal ab homine.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4676 Alia vero, secundum quod forma abstrahitur a materia; sicut forma
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4677 circuli abstrahitur per intellectum ab omni materia sensibili.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4678 Inter has autem abstractiones haec est differentia, quod in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4679 abstractione quae fit secundum universale et particulare, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4680 remanet id a quo fit abstractio, remota enim ab homine differentia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4681 rationali, non remanet in intellectu homo, sed solum animal. In
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4682 abstractione vero quae attenditur secundum formam et materiam,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4683 utrumque manet in intellectu, abstrahendo enim formam circuli ab
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4684 aere, remanet seorsum in intellectu nostro et intellectus circuli
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4685 et intellectus aeris. Quamvis autem in divinis non sit universale
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4686 neque particulare, nec forma et materia, secundum rem; tamen,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4687 secundum modum significandi, invenitur aliqua similitudo horum in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4688 divinis; secundum quem modum Damascenus dicit quod <i>commune est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4689 substantia, particulare vero hypostasis</i>. Si igitur loquamur de
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4690 abstractione quae fit secundum universale et particulare, remotis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4691 proprietatibus, remanet in intellectu essentia communis, non autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4692 hypostasis patris, quae est quasi particulare. Si vero loquamur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4693 secundum modum abstractionis formae a materia, remotis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4694 proprietatibus non personalibus, remanet intellectus hypostasum et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4695 personarum, sicut, remoto per intellectum a patre quod sit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4696 ingenitus vel spirans, remanet hypostasis vel persona patris. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4697 remota proprietate personali per intellectum, tollitur intellectus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4698 hypostasis. Non enim proprietates personales sic intelliguntur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4699 advenire hypostasibus divinis, sicut forma subiecto praeexistenti,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4700 sed ferunt secum sua supposita, inquantum sunt ipsae personae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4701 subsistentes, sicut paternitas est ipse pater, hypostasis enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4702 significat aliquid distinctum in divinis, cum hypostasis sit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4703 substantia individua. Cum igitur relatio sit quae distinguit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4704 hypostases et constituit eas, ut dictum est, relinquitur quod,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4705 relationibus personalibus remotis per intellectum, non remaneant
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4706 hypostases. Sed, sicut dictum est, aliqui dicunt quod hypostases in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4707 divinis non distinguuntur per relationes, sed per solam originem;
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4708 ut intelligatur pater esse hypostasis quaedam per hoc, quod non est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4709 ab alio; filius autem per hoc, quod est ab alio per generationem.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4710 Sed relationes advenientes quasi proprietates ad dignitatem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4711 pertinentes, constituunt rationem personae, unde et personalitates
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4712 dicuntur. Unde, remotis huiusmodi relationibus per intellectum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4713 remanent quidem hypostases, sed non personae. Sed hoc non potest
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4714 esse, propter duo. Primo, quia relationes distinguunt et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4715 constituunt hypostases, ut ostensum est. Secundo, quia omnis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4716 hypostasis naturae rationalis est persona, ut patet per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4717 definitionem Boetii, dicentis quod persona est rationalis naturae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4718 individua substantia. Unde, ad hoc quod esset hypostasis et non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4719 persona, oporteret abstrahi ex parte naturae rationalitatem; non
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4720 autem ex parte personae proprietatem.</p><p title="I q. 40 a. 3 ad 1"><a name="30088"><span class="ref">[30088] Iª q. 40 a. 3 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4721 dicendum quod persona non addit supra hypostasim proprietatem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4722 distinguentem absolute, sed proprietatem distinguentem ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4723 dignitatem pertinentem, totum enim hoc est accipiendum loco unius
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4724 differentiae. Ad dignitatem autem pertinet proprietas distinguens,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4725 secundum quod intelligitur subsistens in natura rationali. Unde,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4726 remota proprietate distinguente a persona, non remanet hypostasis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4727 sed remaneret, si tolleretur rationalitas naturae. Tam enim persona
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4728 quam hypostasis est substantia individua, unde in divinis de
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4729 ratione utriusque est relatio distinguens.</p><p title="I q. 40 a. 3 ad 2"><a name="30089"><span class="ref">[30089] Iª q. 40 a. 3 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4730 dicendum quod paternitate pater non solum est pater, sed est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4731 persona, et est quis sive hypostasis. Nec tamen sequitur quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4732 filius non sit quis sive hypostasis; sicut non sequitur quod non
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4733 sit persona.</p><p title="I q. 40 a. 3 ad 3"><a name="30090"><span class="ref">[30090] Iª q. 40 a. 3 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4734 dicendum quod intentio Augustini non fuit dicere quod hypostasis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4735 patris remaneat ingenita, remota paternitate, quasi innascibilitas
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4736 constituat et distinguat hypostasim patris, hoc enim esse non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4737 potest, cum ingenitum nihil ponat, sed negative dicatur, ut ipsemet
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4738 dicit. Sed loquitur in communi, quia non omne ingenitum est pater.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4739 Remota ergo paternitate, non remanet in divinis hypostasis patris,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4740 ut distinguitur ab aliis personis; sed ut distinguitur a creaturis,
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
4741 sicut Iudaei intelligunt.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 4</h3><p title="I q. 40 a. 4 arg. 1"><a name="30091"><span class="ref">[30091] Iª q. 40 a. 4 arg. 1</span></a> Ad quartum sic
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4742 proceditur. Videtur quod actus notionales praeintelligantur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4743 proprietatibus. Dicit enim Magister, XXVII dist. I Sent., quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4744 <i>semper pater est, quia genuit semper filium</i>. Et ita videtur
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
4745 quod generatio, secundum intellectum, praecedat paternitatem.</p><p title="I q. 40 a. 4 arg. 2"><a name="30092"><span class="ref">[30092] Iª q. 40 a. 4 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea, omnis
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4746 relatio praesupponit, in intellectu, id supra quod fundatur; sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4747 aequalitas quantitatem. Sed paternitas est relatio fundata super
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4748 actione quae est generatio. Ergo paternitas praesupponit
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4749 generationem.</p><p title="I q. 40 a. 4 arg. 3"><a name="30093"><span class="ref">[30093] Iª q. 40 a. 4 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea, sicut
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4750 se habet generatio activa ad paternitatem, ita se habet nativitas
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4751 ad filiationem. Sed filiatio praesupponit nativitatem, ideo enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4752 filius est, quia natus est. Ergo et paternitas praesupponit
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
4753 generationem.</p><p title="I q. 40 a. 4 s. c."><a name="30094"><span class="ref">[30094] Iª q. 40 a. 4 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4754 generatio est operatio personae patris. Sed paternitas constituit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4755 personam patris. Ergo prius est, secundum intellectum, paternitas
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4756 quam generatio.</p><p title="I q. 40 a. 4 co."><a name="30095"><span class="ref">[30095] Iª q. 40 a. 4 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4757 quod, secundum illos qui dicunt quod proprietates non distinguunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4758 et constituunt hypostases, sed manifestant hypostases distinctas et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4759 constitutas, absolute dicendum est quod relationes, secundum modum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4760 intelligendi, consequuntur actus notionales; ut dici possit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4761 simpliciter quod quia generat, est pater. Sed supponendo quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4762 relationes distinguant et constituant hypostases in divinis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4763 oportet distinctione uti. Quia origo significatur in divinis active
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4764 et passive, active quidem, sicut generatio attribuitur patri, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4765 spiratio, sumpta pro actu notionali, attribuitur patri et filio;
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4766 passive autem, sicut nativitas attribuitur filio, et processio
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4767 spiritui sancto. Origines enim passive significatae, simpliciter
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4768 praecedunt, secundum intellectum, proprietates personarum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4769 procedentium, etiam personales, quia origo passive significata,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4770 significatur ut via ad personam proprietate constitutam. Similiter
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4771 et origo active significata, prior est, secundum intellectum, quam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4772 relatio personae originantis quae non est personalis, sicut actus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4773 notionalis spirationis, secundum intellectum, praecedit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4774 proprietatem relativam innominatam communem patri et filio. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4775 proprietas personalis patris potest considerari dupliciter. Uno
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4776 modo, ut est relatio, et sic iterum, secundum intellectum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4777 praesupponit actum notionalem; quia relatio, inquantum huiusmodi,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4778 fundatur super actum. Alio modo, secundum quod est constitutiva
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4779 personae, et sic oportet quod praeintelligatur relatio actui
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4780 notionali, sicut persona agens praeintelligitur actioni.</p><p title="I q. 40 a. 4 ad 1"><a name="30096"><span class="ref">[30096] Iª q. 40 a. 4 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4781 dicendum quod, cum Magister dicit quod quia generat est pater,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4782 accipit nomen patris secundum quod designat relationem tantum, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4783 autem secundum quod significat personam subsistentem. Sic enim
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4784 oporteret e converso dicere quod quia pater est, generat.</p><p title="I q. 40 a. 4 ad 2"><a name="30097"><span class="ref">[30097] Iª q. 40 a. 4 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4785 dicendum quod obiectio illa procedit de paternitate, secundum quod
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4786 est relatio, et non secundum quod est constitutiva personae.</p><p title="I q. 40 a. 4 ad 3"><a name="30098"><span class="ref">[30098] Iª q. 40 a. 4 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4787 dicendum quod nativitas est via ad personam filii, et ideo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4788 secundum intellectum, praecedit filiationem, etiam secundum quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4789 est constitutiva personae filii. Sed generatio activa significatur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4790 ut progrediens a persona patris, et ideo praesupponit proprietatem
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4791 personalem patris.</p></div></div><div class="q" id="q41"><h2>Quaestio 41</h2><div class="p"><h3>Prooemium</h3><p title="I q. 41 pr."><a name="30099"><span class="ref">[30099]
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4792 Iª q. 41 pr.</span></a> Deinde considerandum est de personis
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4793 in comparatione ad actus notionales. Et circa hoc quaeruntur sex.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4794 Primo, utrum actus notionales sint attribuendi personis. Secundo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4795 utrum huiusmodi actus sint necessarii vel voluntarii. Tertio,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4796 utrum, secundum huiusmodi actus, persona procedat de nihilo, vel de
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4797 aliquo. Quarto, utrum in divinis sit ponere potentiam respectu
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4798 actuum notionalium. Quinto, quid significet huiusmodi potentia.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4799 Sexto, utrum actus notionalis ad plures personas terminari
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4800 possit.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 1</h3><p title="I q. 41 a. 1 arg. 1"><a name="30100"><span class="ref">[30100] Iª q. 41 a. 1 arg. 1</span></a> Ad primum sic
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4801 proceditur. Videtur quod actus notionales non sint personis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4802 attribuendi. Dicit enim Boetius, in libro de Trin., quod <i>omnia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4803 genera, cum quis in divinam vertit praedicationem, in divinam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4804 mutantur substantiam, exceptis relativis</i>. Sed actio est unum de
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4805 decem generibus. Si igitur actio aliqua Deo attribuitur, ad eius
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4806 essentiam pertinebit, et non ad notionem.</p><p title="I q. 41 a. 1 arg. 2"><a name="30101"><span class="ref">[30101] Iª q. 41 a. 1 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4807 Augustinus dicit, V de Trin., omne quod de Deo dicitur, aut dicitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4808 secundum substantiam, aut secundum relationem. Sed ea quae ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4809 substantiam pertinent, significantur per essentialia attributa,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4810 quae vero ad relationem, per nomina personarum et per nomina
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4811 proprietatum. Non sunt ergo, praeter haec, attribuendi personis
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4812 notionales actus.</p><p title="I q. 41 a. 1 arg. 3"><a name="30102"><span class="ref">[30102] Iª q. 41 a. 1 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4813 proprium actionis est ex se passionem inferre. Sed in divinis non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4814 ponimus passiones. Ergo neque actus notionales ibi ponendi
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4815 sunt.</p><p title="I q. 41 a. 1 s. c."><a name="30103"><span class="ref">[30103] Iª q. 41 a. 1 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4816 quod Augustinus dicit, in libro de fide ad Petrum, <i>proprium
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4817 patris est, quod filium genuit</i>. Sed generatio actus quidam est.
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4818 Ergo actus notionales ponendi sunt in divinis.</p><p title="I q. 41 a. 1 co."><a name="30104"><span class="ref">[30104] Iª q. 41 a. 1 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4819 quod in divinis personis attenditur distinctio secundum originem.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4820 Origo autem convenienter designari non potest nisi per aliquos
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4821 actus. Ad designandum igitur ordinem originis in divinis personis,
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4822 necessarium fuit attribuere personis actus notionales.</p><p title="I q. 41 a. 1 ad 1"><a name="30105"><span class="ref">[30105] Iª q. 41 a. 1 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4823 dicendum quod omnis origo designatur per aliquem actum. Duplex
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4824 autem ordo originis attribui Deo potest. Unus quidem, secundum quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4825 creatura ab eo progreditur, et hoc commune est tribus personis. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4826 ideo actiones quae attribuuntur Deo ad designandum processum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4827 creaturarum ab ipso, ad essentiam pertinent. Alius autem ordo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4828 originis in divinis attenditur secundum processionem personae a
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4829 persona. Unde actus designantes huius originis ordinem, notionales
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4830 dicuntur, quia notiones personarum sunt personarum habitudines ad
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4831 invicem, ut ex dictis patet.</p><p title="I q. 41 a. 1 ad 2"><a name="30106"><span class="ref">[30106] Iª q. 41 a. 1 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4832 dicendum quod actus notionales secundum modum significandi tantum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4833 differunt a relationibus personarum; sed re sunt omnino idem. Unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4834 Magister dicit, in I Sent., XXVI dist., quod generatio et nativitas
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4835 aliis nominibus dicuntur paternitas et filiatio. Ad cuius
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4836 evidentiam, attendendum est quod primo coniicere potuimus originem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4837 alicuius ab alio, ex motu, quod enim aliqua res a sua dispositione
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4838 removeretur per motum, manifestum fuit hoc ab aliqua causa
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4839 accidere. Et ideo actio, secundum primam nominis impositionem,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4840 importat originem motus, sicut enim motus, prout est in mobili ab
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4841 aliquo, dicitur passio; ita origo ipsius motus, secundum quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4842 incipit ab alio et terminatur in id quod movetur, vocatur actio.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4843 Remoto igitur motu, actio nihil aliud importat quam ordinem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4844 originis, secundum quod a causa aliqua vel principio procedit in id
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4845 quod est a principio. Unde, cum in divinis non sit motus, actio
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4846 personalis producentis personam, nihil aliud est quam habitudo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4847 principii ad personam quae est a principio. Quae quidem habitudines
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4848 sunt ipsae relationes vel notiones. Quia tamen de divinis et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4849 intelligibilibus rebus loqui non possumus nisi secundum modum rerum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4850 sensibilium, a quibus cognitionem accipimus; et in quibus actiones
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4851 et passiones, inquantum motum implicant, aliud sunt a relationibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4852 quae ex actionibus et passionibus consequuntur, oportuit seorsum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4853 significari habitudines personarum per modum actus, et seorsum per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4854 modum relationum. Et sic patet quod sunt idem secundum rem, sed
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4855 differunt solum secundum modum significandi.</p><p title="I q. 41 a. 1 ad 3"><a name="30107"><span class="ref">[30107] Iª q. 41 a. 1 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4856 dicendum quod actio, secundum quod importat originem motus, infert
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4857 ex se passionem, sic autem non ponitur actio in divinis personis.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4858 Unde non ponuntur ibi passiones, nisi solum grammatice loquendo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4859 quantum ad modum significandi; sicut patri attribuimus generare, et
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4860 filio generari.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 2</h3><p title="I q. 41 a. 2 arg. 1"><a name="30108"><span class="ref">[30108] Iª q. 41 a. 2 arg. 1</span></a> Ad secundum sic
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4861 proceditur. Videtur quod actus notionales sint voluntarii. Dicit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4862 enim Hilarius, in libro de Synod., <i>non naturali necessitate
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4863 ductus, pater genuit filium</i>.</p><p title="I q. 41 a. 2 arg. 2"><a name="30109"><span class="ref">[30109] Iª q. 41 a. 2 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4864 apostolus, Coloss. I, <i>transtulit nos in regnum filii dilectionis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4865 suae</i>. Dilectio autem voluntatis est. Ergo filius genitus est a
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4866 patre, voluntate.</p><p title="I q. 41 a. 2 arg. 3"><a name="30110"><span class="ref">[30110] Iª q. 41 a. 2 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea, nihil
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4867 magis est voluntarium quam amor. Sed spiritus sanctus procedit a
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
4868 patre et filio ut amor. Ergo procedit voluntarie.</p><p title="I q. 41 a. 2 arg. 4"><a name="30111"><span class="ref">[30111] Iª q. 41 a. 2 arg. 4</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4869 filius procedit per modum intellectus, ut verbum. Sed omne verbum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4870 procedit a dicente per voluntatem. Ergo filius procedit a patre per
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4871 voluntatem, et non per naturam.</p><p title="I q. 41 a. 2 arg. 5"><a name="30112"><span class="ref">[30112] Iª q. 41 a. 2 arg. 5</span></a> Praeterea, quod
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4872 non est voluntarium, est necessarium. Si igitur pater non genuit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4873 filium voluntate, videtur sequi quod necessitate genuerit. Quod est
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4874 contra Augustinum, in libro ad Orosium.</p><p title="I q. 41 a. 2 s. c."><a name="30113"><span class="ref">[30113] Iª q. 41 a. 2 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4875 quod Augustinus dicit, in eodem libro, quod <i>neque voluntate
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4876 genuit pater filium, neque necessitate</i>.</p><p title="I q. 41 a. 2 co."><a name="30114"><span class="ref">[30114] Iª q. 41 a. 2 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4877 quod, cum dicitur aliquid esse vel fieri voluntate, dupliciter
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4878 potest intelligi. Uno modo, ut ablativus designet concomitantiam
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4879 tantum, sicut possum dicere quod ego sum homo mea voluntate, quia
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4880 scilicet volo me esse hominem. Et hoc modo potest dici quod pater
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4881 genuit filium voluntate, sicut et est voluntate Deus, quia vult se
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4882 esse Deum, et vult se generare filium. Alio modo sic, quod
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4883 ablativus importet habitudinem principii, sicut dicitur quod
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4884 artifex operatur voluntate, quia voluntas est principium operis. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4885 secundum hunc modum, dicendum est quod Deus pater non genuit filium
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4886 voluntate; sed voluntate produxit creaturam. Unde in libro de
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4887 Synod. dicitur, <i>si quis voluntate Dei, tanquam unum aliquid de
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4888 creaturis, filium factum dicat, anathema sit</i>. Et huius ratio
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4889 est, quia voluntas et natura secundum hoc differunt in causando,
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4890 quia natura determinata est ad unum; sed voluntas non est
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4891 determinata ad unum. Cuius ratio est, quia effectus assimilatur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4892 formae agentis per quam agit. Manifestum est autem quod unius rei
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4893 non est nisi una forma naturalis, per quam res habet esse, unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4894 quale ipsum est, tale facit. Sed forma per quam voluntas agit, non
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4895 est una tantum, sed sunt plures, secundum quod sunt plures rationes
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4896 intellectae, unde quod voluntate agitur, non est tale quale est
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4897 agens, sed quale vult et intelligit illud esse agens. Eorum igitur
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4898 voluntas principium est, quae possunt sic vel aliter esse. Eorum
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4899 autem quae non possunt nisi sic esse, principium natura est. Quod
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4900 autem potest sic vel aliter esse, longe est a natura divina, sed
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4901 hoc pertinet ad rationem creaturae, quia Deus est per se necesse
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4902 esse, creatura autem est facta ex nihilo. Et ideo Ariani, volentes
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4903 ad hoc deducere quod filius sit creatura, dixerunt quod pater
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4904 genuit filium voluntate, secundum quod voluntas designat
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4905 principium. Nobis autem dicendum est quod pater genuit filium non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4906 voluntate, sed natura. Unde Hilarius dicit, in libro de Synod.,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4907 <i>omnibus creaturis substantiam Dei voluntas attulit; sed naturam
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4908 filio dedit ex impassibili ac non nata substantia perfecta
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4909 nativitas. Talia enim cuncta creata sunt, qualia Deus esse voluit,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4910 filius autem, natus ex Deo, talis subsistit, qualis et Deus
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
4911 est</i>.</p><p title="I q. 41 a. 2 ad 1"><a name="30115"><span class="ref">[30115] Iª q. 41 a. 2 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4912 dicendum quod auctoritas illa inducitur contra illos qui a
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4913 generatione filii etiam concomitantiam paternae voluntatis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4914 removebant, dicentes sic eum natura genuisse filium, ut inde
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4915 voluntas generandi ei non adesset, sicut nos multa naturali
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4916 necessitate contra voluntatem patimur, ut mortem, senectutem, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4917 huiusmodi defectus. Et hoc patet per praecedentia et subsequentia.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4918 Sic enim ibi dicitur, <i>non enim, nolente patre, vel coactus
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4919 pater, vel naturali necessitate inductus cum nollet, genuit
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4920 filium</i>.</p><p title="I q. 41 a. 2 ad 2"><a name="30116"><span class="ref">[30116] Iª q. 41 a. 2 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4921 dicendum quod apostolus nominat Christum filium dilectionis Dei,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4922 inquantum est a Deo superabundanter dilectus, non quod dilectio sit
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
4923 principium generationis filii.</p><p title="I q. 41 a. 2 ad 3"><a name="30117"><span class="ref">[30117] Iª q. 41 a. 2 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4924 dicendum quod etiam voluntas, inquantum est natura quaedam, aliquid
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4925 naturaliter vult; sicut voluntas hominis naturaliter tendit ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4926 beatitudinem. Et similiter Deus naturaliter vult et amat seipsum.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4927 Sed circa alia a se, voluntas Dei se habet ad utrumque quodammodo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4928 ut dictum est. Spiritus autem sanctus procedit ut amor, inquantum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4929 Deus amat seipsum. Unde naturaliter procedit, quamvis per modum
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4930 voluntatis procedat.</p><p title="I q. 41 a. 2 ad 4"><a name="30118"><span class="ref">[30118] Iª q. 41 a. 2 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4931 dicendum quod etiam in conceptionibus intellectualibus fit reductio
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4932 ad prima, quae naturaliter intelliguntur. Deus autem naturaliter
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4933 intelligit seipsum. Et secundum hoc, conceptio verbi divini est
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4934 naturalis.</p><p title="I q. 41 a. 2 ad 5"><a name="30119"><span class="ref">[30119] Iª q. 41 a. 2 ad 5</span></a> Ad quintum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4935 dicendum quod necessarium dicitur aliquid per se, et per aliud. Per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4936 aliud quidem dupliciter. Uno modo, sicut per causam agentem et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4937 cogentem, et sic necessarium dicitur quod est violentum. Alio modo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4938 sicut per causam finalem, sicut dicitur aliquid esse necessarium in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4939 his quae sunt ad finem, inquantum sine hoc non potest esse finis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4940 vel bene esse. Et neutro istorum modorum divina generatio est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4941 necessaria, quia Deus non est propter finem, neque coactio cadit in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4942 ipsum. Per se autem dicitur aliquid necessarium, quod non potest
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4943 non esse. Et sic Deum esse est necessarium. Et hoc modo patrem
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4944 generare filium est necessarium.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 3</h3><p title="I q. 41 a. 3 arg. 1"><a name="30120"><span class="ref">[30120] Iª q. 41 a. 3 arg. 1</span></a> Ad tertium sic
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4945 proceditur. Videtur quod actus notionales non sint de aliquo. Quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4946 si pater generat filium de aliquo, aut de seipso, aut de aliquo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4947 alio. Si de aliquo alio, cum id de quo aliquid generatur, sit in eo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4948 quod generatur, sequitur quod aliquid alienum a patre sit in filio.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4949 Quod est contra Hilarium, VII de Trin., ubi dicit, <i>nihil in his
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4950 diversum est vel alienum</i>. Si autem filium generat pater de
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4951 seipso, id autem de quo aliquid generatur, si sit permanens,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4952 recipit eius praedicationem quod generatur; sicut dicimus quod homo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4953 est albus, quia homo permanet, cum de non albo fit albus, sequitur
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4954 igitur quod pater vel non permaneat, genito filio, vel quod pater
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4955 sit filius, quod est falsum. Non ergo pater generat filium de
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4956 aliquo, sed de nihilo.</p><p title="I q. 41 a. 3 arg. 2"><a name="30121"><span class="ref">[30121] Iª q. 41 a. 3 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea, id de
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4957 quo aliquid generatur, est principium eius quod generatur. Si ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4958 pater generat filium de essentia vel natura sua sequitur quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4959 essentia vel natura patris sit principium filii. Sed non principium
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4960 materiale, quia materia locum in divinis non habet. Ergo est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4961 principium quasi activum, sicut generans est principium geniti. Et
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4962 ita sequitur quod essentia generet, quod supra improbatum est.</p><p title="I q. 41 a. 3 arg. 3"><a name="30122"><span class="ref">[30122] Iª q. 41 a. 3 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4963 Augustinus dicit quod tres personae non sunt ex eadem essentia,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4964 quia non est aliud essentia et persona. Sed persona filii non est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4965 aliud ab essentia patris. Ergo filius non est de essentia
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4966 patris.</p><p title="I q. 41 a. 3 arg. 4"><a name="30123"><span class="ref">[30123] Iª q. 41 a. 3 arg. 4</span></a> Praeterea, omnis
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4967 creatura est ex nihilo. Sed filius in Scripturis dicitur creatura,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4968 dicitur enim Eccli. XXIV, ex ore sapientiae genitae, <i>ego ex ore
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4969 altissimi prodii, primogenita ante omnem creaturam</i>; et postea
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4970 ex ore eiusdem sapientiae dicitur, <i>ab initio, et ante saecula,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4971 creata sum</i>. Ergo filius non est genitus ex aliquo, sed ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4972 nihilo. Et similiter potest obiici de spiritu sancto, propter hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4973 quod dicitur, Zac. XII <i>dixit dominus, extendens caelum et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4974 fundans terram, et creans spiritum hominis in eo</i>; et Amos IV,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4975 secundum aliam litteram, <i>ego formans montes, et creans
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4976 spiritum</i>.</p><p title="I q. 41 a. 3 s. c."><a name="30124"><span class="ref">[30124] Iª q. 41 a. 3 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4977 quod Augustinus dicit, in libro de fide ad Petrum, <i>pater Deus de
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4978 sua natura sine initio genuit filium sibi aequalem</i>.</p><p title="I q. 41 a. 3 co."><a name="30125"><span class="ref">[30125] Iª q. 41 a. 3 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4979 quod filius non est genitus de nihilo, sed de substantia patris.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4980 Ostensum est enim supra quod paternitas, et filiatio, et nativitas,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4981 vere et proprie est in divinis. Hoc autem interest inter
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4982 generationem veram, per quam aliquis procedit ut filius, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4983 factionem, quod faciens facit aliquid de exteriori materia, sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4984 scamnum facit artifex de ligno; homo autem generat filium de
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4985 seipso. Sicut autem artifex creatus facit aliquid ex materia, ita
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4986 Deus facit ex nihilo, ut infra ostendetur, non quod nihilum cedat
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4987 in substantiam rei, sed quia ab ipso tota substantia rei
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4988 producitur, nullo alio praesupposito. Si ergo filius procederet a
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4989 patre ut de nihilo existens, hoc modo se haberet ad patrem ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4990 artificiatum ad artificem, quod manifestum est nomen filiationis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4991 proprie habere non posse, sed solum secundum aliquam similitudinem.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4992 Unde relinquitur quod, si filius Dei procederet a patre quasi
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4993 existens ex nihilo, non esset vere et proprie filius. Cuius
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4994 contrarium dicitur I Ioan. ult., <i>ut simus in vero filio eius
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4995 Iesu Christo</i>. Filius igitur Dei verus non est ex nihilo, nec
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4996 factus, sed tantum genitus. Si qui autem ex nihilo a Deo facti
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4997 filii Dei dicantur, hoc erit metaphorice, secundum aliqualem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4998 assimilationem ad eum qui vere filius est. Unde, inquantum solus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4999 est verus et naturalis Dei filius, dicitur unigenitus, secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5000 illud Ioan. I <i>unigenitus, qui est in sinu patris, ipse
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5001 enarravit</i>. Inquantum vero per assimilationem ad ipsum alii
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5002 dicuntur filii adoptivi, quasi metaphorice dicitur esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5003 primogenitus, secundum illud Rom. VIII, <i>quos praescivit, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5004 praedestinavit conformes fieri imaginis filii sui, ut sit ipse
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5005 primogenitus in multis fratribus</i>. Relinquitur ergo quod Dei
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5006 filius sit genitus de substantia patris. Aliter tamen quam filius
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5007 hominis. Pars enim substantiae hominis generantis transit in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5008 substantiam geniti. Sed divina natura impartibilis est. Unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5009 necesse est quod pater, generando filium, non partem naturae in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5010 ipsum transfuderit, sed totam naturam ei communicaverit, remanente
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
5011 distinctione solum secundum originem, ut ex dictis patet.</p><p title="I q. 41 a. 3 ad 1"><a name="30126"><span class="ref">[30126] Iª q. 41 a. 3 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5012 dicendum quod, cum filius dicitur natus de patre, haec praepositio
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5013 de significat principium generans consubstantiale; non autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5014 principium materiale. Quod enim producitur de materia, fit per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5015 transmutationem illius de quo producitur, in aliquam formam; divina
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5016 autem essentia non est transmutabilis, neque alterius formae
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
5017 susceptiva.</p><p title="I q. 41 a. 3 ad 2"><a name="30127"><span class="ref">[30127] Iª q. 41 a. 3 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5018 dicendum quod, cum dicitur filius genitus de essentia patris,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5019 secundum expositionem Magistri, V dist. I Sent., designat
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5020 habitudinem principii quasi activi, ubi sic exponit, <i>filius est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5021 genitus de essentia patris, idest de patre essentia</i>; propter
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5022 hoc quod Augustinus, XV libro de Trin., dicit, <i>tale est quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5023 dico, de patre essentia, ac si expressius dicerem, de patris
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5024 essentia</i>. Sed hoc non videtur sufficere ad sensum huiusmodi
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5025 locutionis. Possumus enim dicere quod creatura est ex Deo essentia,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5026 non tamen quod sit ex essentia Dei. Unde aliter dici potest quod
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5027 haec praepositio de semper denotat consubstantialitatem. Unde non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5028 dicimus quod domus sit de aedificatore, cum non sit causa
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5029 consubstantialis. Possumus autem dicere quod aliquid sit de aliquo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5030 quocumque modo illud significetur ut principium consubstantiale,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5031 sive illud sit principium activum, sicut filius dicitur esse de
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5032 patre; sive sit principium materiale, sicut cultellus dicitur esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5033 de ferro; sive sit principium formale, in his dumtaxat in quibus
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5034 ipsae formae sunt subsistentes, et non advenientes alteri; possumus
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5035 enim dicere quod Angelus aliquis est de natura intellectuali. Et
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5036 per hunc modum dicimus quod filius est genitus de essentia patris;
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5037 inquantum essentia patris, filio per generationem communicata, in
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
5038 eo subsistit.</p><p title="I q. 41 a. 3 ad 3"><a name="30128"><span class="ref">[30128] Iª q. 41 a. 3 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5039 dicendum quod, cum dicitur, filius est genitus de essentia patris,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5040 additur aliquid respectu cuius potest salvari distinctio. Sed cum
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5041 dicitur quod tres personae sunt de essentia divina, non ponitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5042 aliquid respectu cuius possit importari distinctio per
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
5043 praepositionem significata. Et ideo non est simile.</p><p title="I q. 41 a. 3 ad 4"><a name="30129"><span class="ref">[30129] Iª q. 41 a. 3 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5044 dicendum quod, cum dicitur, sapientia est creata, potest intelligi,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5045 non de sapientia quae est filius Dei, sed de sapientia creata, quam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5046 Deus indidit creaturis, dicitur enim Eccli. I, <i>ipse creavit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5047 eam</i>, scilicet sapientiam, <i>spiritu sancto, et effudit illam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5048 super omnia opera sua</i>. Neque est inconveniens quod in uno
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5049 contextu locutionis loquatur Scriptura de sapientia genita et
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5050 creata, quia sapientia creata est participatio quaedam sapientiae
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5051 increatae. Vel potest referri ad naturam creatam assumptam a filio,
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5052 ut sit sensus, ab initio et ante saecula creata sum, idest,
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5053 praevisa sum creaturae uniri. Vel, per hoc quod sapientia creata et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5054 genita nuncupatur, modus divinae generationis nobis insinuatur. In
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5055 generatione enim, quod generatur accipit naturam generantis, quod
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5056 perfectionis est, in creatione vero, creans non mutatur, sed
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5057 creatum non recipit naturam creantis. Dicitur ergo filius simul
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5058 creatus et genitus, ut ex creatione accipiatur immutabilitas
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5059 patris, et ex generatione unitas naturae in patre et filio. Et sic
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5060 exponitur intellectus huius Scripturae ab Hilario, in libro de
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5061 Synod. Auctoritates autem inductae non loquuntur de spiritu sancto,
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5062 sed de spiritu creato; qui quandoque dicitur ventus, quandoque aer,
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5063 quandoque flatus hominis, quandoque etiam anima, vel quaecumque
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
5064 substantia invisibilis.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 4</h3><p title="I q. 41 a. 4 arg. 1"><a name="30130"><span class="ref">[30130] Iª q. 41 a. 4 arg. 1</span></a> Ad quartum sic
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5065 proceditur. Videtur quod in divinis non sit potentia respectu
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5066 actuum notionalium. Omnis enim potentia est vel activa, vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5067 passiva. Sed neutra hic competere potest, potentia enim passiva in
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5068 Deo non est, ut supra ostensum est; potentia vero activa non
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5069 competit uni personae respectu alterius, cum personae divinae non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5070 sint factae, ut ostensum est. Ergo in divinis non est potentia ad
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
5071 actus notionales.</p><p title="I q. 41 a. 4 arg. 2"><a name="30131"><span class="ref">[30131] Iª q. 41 a. 4 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5072 potentia dicitur ad possibile. Sed divinae personae non sunt de
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5073 numero possibilium, sed de numero necessariorum. Ergo respectu
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5074 actuum notionalium, quibus divinae personae procedunt, non debet
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
5075 poni potentia in divinis.</p><p title="I q. 41 a. 4 arg. 3"><a name="30132"><span class="ref">[30132] Iª q. 41 a. 4 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5076 filius procedit ut verbum, quod est conceptio intellectus, spiritus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5077 autem sanctus procedit ut amor, qui pertinet ad voluntatem. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5078 potentia in Deo dicitur per comparationem ad effectus, non autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5079 per comparationem ad intelligere et velle, ut supra habitum est.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5080 Ergo in divinis non debet dici potentia per comparationem ad actus
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
5081 notionales.</p><p title="I q. 41 a. 4 s. c."><a name="30133"><span class="ref">[30133] Iª q. 41 a. 4 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5082 quod dicit Augustinus, contra Maximinum haereticum, <i>si Deus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5083 pater non potuit generare filium sibi aequalem, ubi est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5084 omnipotentia Dei patris?</i> Est ergo in divinis potentia respectu
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
5085 actuum notionalium.</p><p title="I q. 41 a. 4 co."><a name="30134"><span class="ref">[30134] Iª q. 41 a. 4 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
28
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5086 quod, sicut ponuntur actus notionales in divinis, ita necesse est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5087 ibi ponere potentiam respectu huiusmodi actuum, cum potentia nihil
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5088 aliud significet quam principium alicuius actus. Unde, cum patrem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5089 intelligamus ut principium generationis, et patrem et filium ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5090 principium spirationis, necesse est quod patri attribuamus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5091 potentiam generandi, et patri et filio potentiam spirandi. Quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5092 potentia generandi significat id quo generans generat, omne autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5093 generans generat aliquo, unde in omni generante oportet ponere
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
5094 potentiam generandi, et in spirante potentiam spirandi.</p><p title="I q. 41 a. 4 ad 1"><a name="30135"><span class="ref">[30135] Iª q. 41 a. 4 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5095 dicendum quod, sicut secundum actus notionales non procedit aliqua
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5096 persona ut facta, ita neque potentia ad actus notionales dicitur in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5097 divinis per respectum ad aliquam personam factam, sed solum per
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
5098 respectum ad personam procedentem.</p><p title="I q. 41 a. 4 ad 2"><a name="30136"><span class="ref">[30136] Iª q. 41 a. 4 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5099 dicendum quod possibile, secundum quod necessario opponitur,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5100 sequitur potentiam passivam, quae non est in divinis. Unde neque in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5101 divinis est aliquid possibile per modum istum, sed solum secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5102 quod possibile continetur sub necessario. Sic autem dici potest
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5103 quod, sicut Deum esse est possibile, sic filium generari est
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
5104 possibile.</p><p title="I q. 41 a. 4 ad 3"><a name="30137"><span class="ref">[30137] Iª q. 41 a. 4 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5105 dicendum quod potentia significat principium. Principium autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5106 distinctionem importat ab eo cuius est principium. Consideratur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5107 autem duplex distinctio in his quae dicuntur de Deo, una secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5108 rem, alia secundum rationem tantum. Secundum rem quidem, Deus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5109 distinguitur per essentiam a rebus quarum est per creationem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5110 principium, sicut una persona distinguitur ab alia, cuius est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5111 principium, secundum actum notionalem. Sed actio ab agente non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5112 distinguitur in Deo nisi secundum rationem tantum, alioquin actio
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5113 esset accidens in Deo. Et ideo respectu illarum actionum secundum
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5114 quas aliquae res procedunt distinctae a Deo, vel essentialiter vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5115 personaliter, potest Deo attribui potentia, secundum propriam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5116 rationem principii. Et ideo, sicut potentiam ponimus creandi in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5117 Deo, ita possumus ponere potentiam generandi vel spirandi. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5118 intelligere et velle non sunt tales actus qui designent
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5119 processionem alicuius rei a Deo distinctae, vel essentialiter vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5120 personaliter. Unde respectu horum actuum, non potest salvari ratio
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5121 potentiae in Deo, nisi secundum modum intelligendi et significandi
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5122 tantum; prout diversimode significatur in Deo intellectus et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5123 intelligere, cum tamen ipsum intelligere Dei sit eius essentia, non
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
5124 habens principium.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 5</h3><p title="I q. 41 a. 5 arg. 1"><a name="30138"><span class="ref">[30138] Iª q. 41 a. 5 arg. 1</span></a> Ad quintum sic
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5125 proceditur. Videtur quod potentia generandi vel spirandi significet
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5126 relationem, et non essentiam. Potentia enim significat principium,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5127 ut ex eius definitione patet, dicitur enim potentia activa esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5128 principium agendi, ut patet in V Metaphys. Sed principium in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5129 divinis respectu personae dicitur notionaliter. Ergo potentia in
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
5130 divinis non significat essentiam, sed relationem.</p><p title="I q. 41 a. 5 arg. 2"><a name="30139"><span class="ref">[30139] Iª q. 41 a. 5 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea, in
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5131 divinis non differt posse et agere. Sed generatio in divinis
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
5132 significat relationem. Ergo et potentia generandi.</p><p title="I q. 41 a. 5 arg. 3"><a name="30140"><span class="ref">[30140] Iª q. 41 a. 5 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea, ea
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5133 quae significant essentiam in divinis, communia sunt tribus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5134 personis. Sed potentia generandi non est communis tribus personis,
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
5135 sed propria patri. Ergo non significat essentiam.</p><p title="I q. 41 a. 5 s. c."><a name="30141"><span class="ref">[30141] Iª q. 41 a. 5 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5136 quod, sicut Deus potest generare filium, ita et vult. Sed voluntas
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
5137 generandi significat essentiam. Ergo et potentia generandi.</p><p title="I q. 41 a. 5 co."><a name="30142"><span class="ref">[30142] Iª q. 41 a. 5 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5138 quod quidam dixerunt quod potentia generandi significat relationem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5139 in divinis. Sed hoc esse non potest. Nam illud proprie dicitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5140 potentia in quocumque agente, quo agens agit. Omne autem producens
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5141 aliquid per suam actionem, producit sibi simile quantum ad formam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5142 qua agit sicut homo genitus est similis generanti in natura humana,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5143 cuius virtute pater potest generare hominem. Illud ergo est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5144 potentia generativa in aliquo generante, in quo genitum similatur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5145 generanti. Filius autem Dei similatur patri gignenti in natura
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5146 divina. Unde natura divina in patre, est potentia generandi in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5147 ipso. Unde et Hilarius dicit, in V de Trin., <i>nativitas Dei non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5148 potest eam ex qua profecta est, non tenere naturam; nec enim aliud
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5149 quam Deus subsistit, quod non aliunde quam de Deo subsistit</i>.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5150 Sic igitur dicendum est quod potentia generandi principaliter
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5151 significat divinam essentiam, ut Magister dicit, VII dist. I Sent.;
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5152 non autem tantum relationem. Nec etiam essentiam inquantum est idem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5153 relationi, ut significet ex aequo utrumque. Licet enim paternitas
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5154 ut forma patris significetur, est tamen proprietas personalis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5155 habens se ad personam patris, ut forma individualis ad aliquod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5156 individuum creatum. Forma autem individualis, in rebus creatis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5157 constituit personam generantem, non autem est quo generans generat,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5158 alioquin Socrates generaret Socratem. Unde neque paternitas potest
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5159 intelligi ut quo pater generat, sed ut constituens personam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5160 generantis, alioquin pater generaret patrem. Sed id quo pater
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5161 generat, est natura divina, in qua sibi filius assimilatur. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5162 secundum hoc Damascenus dicit quod generatio est opus naturae, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5163 sicut generantis, sed sicut eius quo generans generat. Et ideo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5164 potentia generandi significat in recto naturam divinam, sed in
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
5165 obliquo relationem.</p><p title="I q. 41 a. 5 ad 1"><a name="30143"><span class="ref">[30143] Iª q. 41 a. 5 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5166 dicendum quod potentia non significat ipsam relationem principii,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5167 alioquin esset in genere relationis, sed significat id quod est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5168 principium; non quidem sicut agens dicitur principium, sed sicut id
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5169 quo agens agit, dicitur principium agens autem distinguitur a
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5170 facto, et generans a generato, sed id quo generans generat, est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5171 commune genito et generanti; et tanto perfectius, quanto perfectior
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5172 fuerit generatio. Unde, cum divina generatio sit perfectissima, id
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5173 quo generans generat, est commune genito et generanti, et idem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5174 numero, non solum specie, sicut in rebus creatis. Per hoc ergo quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5175 dicimus quod essentia divina est principium quo generans generat,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5176 non sequitur quod essentia divina distinguatur; sicut sequeretur,
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
5177 si diceretur quod essentia divina generat.</p><p title="I q. 41 a. 5 ad 2"><a name="30144"><span class="ref">[30144] Iª q. 41 a. 5 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5178 dicendum quod sic est idem in divinis potentia generandi cum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5179 generatione, sicut essentia divina cum generatione et paternitate
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
5180 est idem re, sed non ratione.</p><p title="I q. 41 a. 5 ad 3"><a name="30145"><span class="ref">[30145] Iª q. 41 a. 5 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5181 dicendum quod, cum dico potentiam generandi, potentia significatur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5182 in recto, et generatio in obliquo; sicut si dicerem essentiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5183 patris. Unde quantum ad essentiam quae significatur, potentia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5184 generandi communis est tribus personis, sed quantum ad notionem
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
5185 quae connotatur, propria est personae patris.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 6</h3><p title="I q. 41 a. 6 arg. 1"><a name="30146"><span class="ref">[30146] Iª q. 41 a. 6 arg. 1</span></a> Ad sextum sic
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5186 proceditur. Videtur quod actus notionalis ad plures personas
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5187 terminari possit, ita quod sint plures personae genitae vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5188 spiratae in divinis. Cuicumque enim inest potentia generandi,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5189 potest generare. Sed filio inest potentia generandi. Ergo potest
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5190 generare. Non autem seipsum. Ergo alium filium. Ergo possunt esse
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
5191 plures filii in divinis.</p><p title="I q. 41 a. 6 arg. 2"><a name="30147"><span class="ref">[30147] Iª q. 41 a. 6 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5192 Augustinus dicit, contra Maximinum, <i>filius non genuit creatorem.
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
5193 Neque enim non potuit, sed non oportuit</i>.</p><p title="I q. 41 a. 6 arg. 3"><a name="30148"><span class="ref">[30148] Iª q. 41 a. 6 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea, Deus
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5194 pater est potentior ad generandum quam pater creatus. Sed unus homo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5195 potest generare plures filios. Ergo et Deus, praecipue cum potentia
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
5196 patris, uno filio generato, non diminuatur.</p><p title="I q. 41 a. 6 s. c."><a name="30149"><span class="ref">[30149] Iª q. 41 a. 6 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5197 quod in divinis non differt esse et posse. Si igitur in divinis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5198 possent esse plures filii, essent plures filii. Et ita essent
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
5199 plures personae quam tres in divinis, quod est haereticum.</p><p title="I q. 41 a. 6 co."><a name="30150"><span class="ref">[30150] Iª q. 41 a. 6 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5200 quod, sicut Athanasius dicit, <i>in divinis est tantum unus pater,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5201 unus filius, unus spiritus sanctus</i>. Cuius quidem ratio
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5202 quadruplex assignari potest. Prima quidem ex parte relationum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5203 quibus solum personae distinguuntur. Cum enim personae divinae sint
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5204 ipsae relationes subsistentes, non possent esse plures patres vel
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5205 plures filii in divinis, nisi essent plures paternitates et plures
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5206 filiationes. Quod quidem esse non posset nisi secundum materialem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5207 rerum distinctionem, formae enim unius speciei non multiplicantur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5208 nisi secundum materiam, quae in divinis non est. Unde in divinis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5209 non potest esse nisi una tantum filiatio subsistens; sicut et
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5210 albedo subsistens non posset esse nisi una. Secunda vero ex modo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5211 processionum. Quia Deus omnia intelligit et vult uno et simplici
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5212 actu. Unde non potest esse nisi una persona procedens per modum
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5213 verbi, quae est filius; et una tantum per modum amoris, quae est
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5214 spiritus sanctus. Tertia ratio sumitur ex modo procedendi. Quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5215 personae ipsae procedunt naturaliter, ut dictum est, natura autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5216 determinatur ad unum. Quarta ex perfectione divinarum personarum.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5217 Ex hoc enim est perfectus filius, quod tota filiatio divina in eo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5218 continetur, et quod est tantum unus filius. Et similiter dicendum
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
5219 est de aliis personis.</p><p title="I q. 41 a. 6 ad 1"><a name="30151"><span class="ref">[30151] Iª q. 41 a. 6 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5220 dicendum quod, quamvis simpliciter concedendum sit quod potentiam
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5221 quam habet pater, habeat filius; non tamen concedendum est quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5222 filius habeat potentiam generandi, si generandi sit gerundivum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5223 verbi activi, ut sit sensus quod filius habeat potentiam ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5224 generandum. Sicut, licet idem esse sit patris et filii, non tamen
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5225 convenit filio esse patrem, propter notionale adiunctum. Si tamen
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5226 hoc quod dico generandi, sit gerundivum verbi passivi, potentia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5227 generandi est in filio, idest ut generetur. Et similiter si sit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5228 gerundivum verbi impersonalis, ut sit sensus, potentia generandi,
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
5229 idest qua ab aliqua persona generatur.</p><p title="I q. 41 a. 6 ad 2"><a name="30152"><span class="ref">[30152] Iª q. 41 a. 6 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5230 dicendum quod Augustinus in verbis illis non intendit dicere quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5231 filius posset generare filium, sed quod hoc non est ex impotentia
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
5232 filii, quod non generet, ut infra patebit.</p><p title="I q. 41 a. 6 ad 3"><a name="30153"><span class="ref">[30153] Iª q. 41 a. 6 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5233 dicendum quod immaterialitas et perfectio divina requirit ut non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5234 possint esse plures filii in divinis, sicut dictum est. Unde quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5235 non sint plures filii, non est ex impotentia patris ad
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
5236 generandum.</p></div></div><div class="q" id="q42"><h2>Quaestio 42</h2><div class="p"><h3>Prooemium</h3><p title="I q. 42 pr."><a name="30154"><span class="ref">[30154]
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
5237 Iª q. 42 pr.</span></a> Deinde considerandum est de
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5238 comparatione personarum ad invicem. Et primo, quantum ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5239 aequalitatem et similitudinem; secundo, quantum ad missionem. Circa
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5240 primum quaeruntur sex. Primo, utrum aequalitas locum habeat in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5241 divinis personis. Secundo, utrum persona procedens sit aequalis ei
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5242 a qua procedit, secundum aeternitatem. Tertio, utrum sit aliquis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5243 ordo in divinis personis. Quarto utrum personae divinae sint
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5244 aequales secundum magnitudinem. Quinto, utrum una earum sit in
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
5245 alia. Sexto, utrum sint aequales secundum potentiam.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 1</h3><p title="I q. 42 a. 1 arg. 1"><a name="30155"><span class="ref">[30155] Iª q. 42 a. 1 arg. 1</span></a> Ad primum sic
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5246 proceditur. Videtur quod aequalitas non competat divinis personis.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5247 Aequalitas enim attenditur secundum unum in quantitate, ut patet
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5248 per philosophum, V Metaphys. In divinis autem personis non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5249 invenitur neque quantitas continua intrinseca, quae dicitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5250 magnitudo; neque quantitas continua extrinseca, quae dicitur locus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5251 et tempus; neque secundum quantitatem discretam invenitur in eis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5252 aequalitas, quia duae personae sunt plures quam una. Ergo divinis
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
5253 personis non convenit aequalitas.</p><p title="I q. 42 a. 1 arg. 2"><a name="30156"><span class="ref">[30156] Iª q. 42 a. 1 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5254 divinae personae sunt unius essentiae, ut supra dictum est.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5255 Essentia autem significatur per modum formae. Convenientia autem in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5256 forma non facit aequalitatem, sed similitudinem. Ergo in divinis
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
5257 personis est dicenda similitudo, et non aequalitas.</p><p title="I q. 42 a. 1 arg. 3"><a name="30157"><span class="ref">[30157] Iª q. 42 a. 1 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea, in
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5258 quibuscumque invenitur aequalitas, illa sunt sibi invicem aequalia,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5259 quia aequale dicitur aequali aequale. Sed divinae personae non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5260 possunt sibi invicem dici aequales. Quia, ut Augustinus dicit, VI
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5261 de Trin., <i>imago, si perfecte implet illud cuius est imago, ipsa
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5262 coaequatur ei, non illud imagini suae</i>. Imago autem patris est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5263 filius, et sic pater non est aequalis filio. Non ergo in divinis
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
5264 personis invenitur aequalitas.</p><p title="I q. 42 a. 1 arg. 4"><a name="30158"><span class="ref">[30158] Iª q. 42 a. 1 arg. 4</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5265 aequalitas relatio quaedam est. Sed nulla relatio est communis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5266 omnibus personis, cum secundum relationes personae ab invicem
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
5267 distinguantur. Non ergo aequalitas divinis personis convenit.</p><p title="I q. 42 a. 1 s. c."><a name="30159"><span class="ref">[30159] Iª q. 42 a. 1 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5268 quod Athanasius dicit, quod <i>tres personae coaeternae sibi sunt
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
5269 et coaequales</i>.</p><p title="I q. 42 a. 1 co."><a name="30160"><span class="ref">[30160] Iª q. 42 a. 1 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5270 quod necesse est ponere aequalitatem in divinis personis. Quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5271 secundum philosophum, in X Metaphys., aequale dicitur quasi per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5272 negationem minoris et maioris. Non autem possumus in divinis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5273 personis ponere aliquid maius et minus, quia, ut Boetius dicit, in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5274 libro de Trin., eos differentia, scilicet deitatis, comitatur,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5275 <i>qui vel augent vel minuunt, ut Ariani, qui gradibus meritorum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5276 Trinitatem variantes distrahunt, atque in pluralitatem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5277 deducunt</i>. Cuius ratio est, quia inaequalium non potest esse una
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5278 quantitas numero. Quantitas autem in divinis non est aliud quam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5279 eius essentia. Unde relinquitur quod, si esset aliqua inaequalitas
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5280 in divinis personis, quod non esset in eis una essentia, et sic non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5281 essent tres personae unus Deus, quod est impossibile. Oportet
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
5282 igitur aequalitatem ponere in divinis personis.</p><p title="I q. 42 a. 1 ad 1"><a name="30161"><span class="ref">[30161] Iª q. 42 a. 1 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5283 dicendum quod duplex est quantitas. Una scilicet quae dicitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5284 quantitas molis, vel quantitas dimensiva, quae in solis rebus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5285 corporalibus est, unde in divinis personis locum non habet. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5286 alia est quantitas virtutis, quae attenditur secundum perfectionem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5287 alicuius naturae vel formae, quae quidem quantitas designatur
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5288 secundum quod dicitur aliquid magis vel minus calidum, inquantum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5289 est perfectius vel minus perfectum in caliditate. Huiusmodi autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5290 quantitas virtualis attenditur primo quidem in radice, idest in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5291 ipsa perfectione formae vel naturae, et sic dicitur magnitudo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5292 spiritualis, sicut dicitur magnus calor propter suam intensionem et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5293 perfectionem. Et ideo dicit Augustinus, VI de Trin., quod <i>in his
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5294 quae non mole magna sunt, hoc est maius esse, quod est melius
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5295 esse</i>, nam melius dicitur quod perfectius est. Secundo autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5296 attenditur quantitas virtualis in effectibus formae. Primus autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5297 effectus formae est esse, nam omnis res habet esse secundum suam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5298 formam. Secundus autem effectus est operatio, nam omne agens agit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5299 per suam formam. Attenditur igitur quantitas virtualis et secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5300 esse, et secundum operationem, secundum esse quidem, inquantum ea
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5301 quae sunt perfectioris naturae, sunt maioris durationis; secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5302 operationem vero, inquantum ea quae sunt perfectioris naturae, sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5303 magis potentia ad agendum. Sic igitur, ut Augustinus dicit, in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5304 libro de fide ad Petrum, aequalitas intelligitur in patre et filio
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5305 et spiritu sancto, <i>inquantum nullus horum aut praecedit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5306 aeternitate, aut excedit magnitudine, aut superat
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
5307 potestate</i>.</p><p title="I q. 42 a. 1 ad 2"><a name="30162"><span class="ref">[30162] Iª q. 42 a. 1 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5308 dicendum quod ubi attenditur aequalitas secundum quantitatem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5309 virtualem, aequalitas includit in se similitudinem, et aliquid
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5310 plus, quia excludit excessum. Quaecumque enim communicant in una
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5311 forma, possunt dici similia, etiamsi inaequaliter illam formam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5312 participant, sicut si dicatur aer esse similis igni in calore, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5313 non possunt dici aequalia, si unum altero perfectius formam illam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5314 participet. Et quia non solum una est natura patris et filii, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5315 etiam aeque perfecte est in utroque, ideo non solum dicimus filium
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5316 esse similem patri, ut excludatur error Eunomii; sed etiam dicimus
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
5317 aequalem, ut excludatur error Arii.</p><p title="I q. 42 a. 1 ad 3"><a name="30163"><span class="ref">[30163] Iª q. 42 a. 1 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5318 dicendum quod aequalitas vel similitudo dupliciter potest
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5319 significari in divinis, scilicet per nomina et per verba. Secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5320 quidem quod significatur per nomina, mutua aequalitas dicitur in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5321 divinis personis et similitudo, filius enim est aequalis et similis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5322 patri, et e converso. Et hoc ideo, quia essentia divina non magis
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5323 est patris quam filii, unde, sicut filius habet magnitudinem
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5324 patris, quod est esse eum aequalem patri, ita pater habet
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5325 magnitudinem filii, quod est esse eum aequalem filio. Sed quantum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5326 ad creaturas, ut Dionysius dicit, IX cap. de Div. Nom., <i>non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5327 recipitur conversio aequalitatis et similitudinis</i>. Dicuntur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5328 enim causata similia causis, inquantum habent formam causarum, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5329 non e converso, quia forma principaliter est in causa, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5330 secundario in causato. Sed verba significant aequalitatem cum motu.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5331 Et licet motus non sit in divinis, est tamen ibi accipere. Quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5332 igitur filius accipit a patre unde est aequalis ei, et non e
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5333 converso, propter hoc dicimus quod filius coaequatur patri, et non
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
5334 e converso.</p><p title="I q. 42 a. 1 ad 4"><a name="30164"><span class="ref">[30164] Iª q. 42 a. 1 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5335 dicendum quod in divinis personis nihil est considerare nisi
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5336 essentiam, in qua communicant, et relationes, in quibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5337 distinguuntur. Aequalitas autem utrumque importat, scilicet
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5338 distinctionem personarum, quia nihil sibi ipsi dicitur aequale; et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5339 unitatem essentiae, quia ex hoc personae sunt sibi invicem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5340 aequales, quod sunt unius magnitudinis et essentiae. Manifestum est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5341 autem quod idem ad seipsum non refertur aliqua relatione reali. Nec
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5342 iterum una relatio refertur ad aliam per aliquam aliam relationem,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5343 cum enim dicimus quod paternitas opponitur filiationi, oppositio
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5344 non est relatio media inter paternitatem et filiationem. Quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5345 utroque modo relatio multiplicaretur in infinitum. Et ideo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5346 aequalitas et similitudo in divinis personis non est aliqua realis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5347 relatio distincta a relationibus personalibus, sed in suo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5348 intellectu includit et relationes distinguentes personas, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5349 essentiae unitatem. Et propterea Magister dicit, in XXXI dist. I
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
5350 Sent., quod in his appellatio tantum est relativa.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 2</h3><p title="I q. 42 a. 2 arg. 1"><a name="30165"><span class="ref">[30165] Iª q. 42 a. 2 arg. 1</span></a> Ad secundum sic
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5351 proceditur. Videtur quod persona procedens non sit coaeterna suo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5352 principio, ut filius patri. Arius enim duodecim modos generationis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5353 assignat. Primus modus est iuxta fluxum lineae a puncto, ubi deest
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5354 aequalitas simplicitatis. Secundus modus est iuxta emissionem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5355 radiorum a sole, ubi deest aequalitas naturae. Tertius modus est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5356 iuxta characterem, seu impressionem a sigillo, ubi deest
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5357 consubstantialitas et potentiae efficientia. Quartus modus est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5358 iuxta immissionem bonae voluntatis a Deo, ubi etiam deest
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5359 consubstantialitas. Quintus modus est iuxta exitum accidentis a
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5360 substantia, sed accidenti deest subsistentia. Sextus modus est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5361 iuxta abstractionem speciei a materia, sicut sensus accipit speciem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5362 a re sensibili, ubi deest aequalitas simplicitatis spiritualis.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5363 Septimus modus est iuxta excitationem voluntatis a cogitatione,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5364 quae quidem excitatio temporalis est. Octavus modus est iuxta
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5365 transfigurationem, ut ex aere fit imago, quae materialis est. Nonus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5366 modus est motus a movente, et hic etiam ponitur effectus et causa.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5367 Decimus modus est iuxta eductionem specierum a genere, qui non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5368 competit in divinis, quia pater non praedicatur de filio sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5369 genus de specie. Undecimus modus est iuxta ideationem, ut arca
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5370 exterior ab ea quae est in mente. Duodecimus modus est iuxta
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5371 nascentiam, ut homo est a patre, ubi est prius et posterius
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5372 secundum tempus. Patet ergo quod in omni modo quo aliquid est ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5373 altero, aut deest aequalitas naturae, aut aequalitas durationis. Si
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5374 igitur filius est a patre, oportet dicere vel eum esse minorem
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
5375 patre, aut posteriorem, aut utrumque.</p><p title="I q. 42 a. 2 arg. 2"><a name="30166"><span class="ref">[30166] Iª q. 42 a. 2 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea, omne
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5376 quod est ex altero, habet principium. Sed nullum aeternum habet
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5377 principium. Ergo filius non est aeternus, neque spiritus
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
5378 sanctus.</p><p title="I q. 42 a. 2 arg. 3"><a name="30167"><span class="ref">[30167] Iª q. 42 a. 2 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea, omne
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5379 quod corrumpitur, desinit esse. Ergo omne quod generatur, incipit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5380 esse, ad hoc enim generatur, ut sit. Sed filius est genitus a
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
5381 patre. Ergo incipit esse, et non est coaeternus patri.</p><p title="I q. 42 a. 2 arg. 4"><a name="30168"><span class="ref">[30168] Iª q. 42 a. 2 arg. 4</span></a> Praeterea, si
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5382 filius genitus est a patre, aut semper generatur, aut est dare
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5383 aliquod instans suae generationis. Si semper generatur; dum autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5384 aliquid est in generari, est imperfectum, sicut patet in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5385 successivis, quae sunt semper in fieri, ut tempus et motus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5386 sequitur quod filius semper sit imperfectus; quod est inconveniens.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5387 Est ergo dare aliquod instans generationis filii. Ante illud ergo
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
5388 instans filius non erat.</p><p title="I q. 42 a. 2 s. c."><a name="30169"><span class="ref">[30169] Iª q. 42 a. 2 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5389 quod Athanasius dicit, quod <i>totae tres personae coaeternae sibi
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
5390 sunt</i>.</p><p title="I q. 42 a. 2 co."><a name="30170"><span class="ref">[30170] Iª q. 42 a. 2 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5391 quod necesse est dicere filium esse coaeternum patri. Ad cuius
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5392 evidentiam, considerandum est quod aliquid ex principio existens
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5393 posterius esse suo principio, potest contingere ex duobus, uno
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5394 modo, ex parte agentis; alio modo, ex parte actionis. Ex parte
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5395 agentis quidem, aliter in agentibus voluntariis, aliter in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5396 agentibus naturalibus. In agentibus quidem voluntariis, propter
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5397 electionem temporis, sicut enim in agentis voluntarii potestate est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5398 eligere formam quam effectui conferat, ut supra dictum est, ita in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5399 eius potestate est eligere tempus in quo effectum producat. In
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5400 agentibus autem naturalibus hoc contingit, quia agens aliquod non a
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5401 principio habet perfectionem virtutis naturaliter ad agendum, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5402 ei advenit post aliquod tempus; sicut homo non a principio generare
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5403 potest. Ex parte autem actionis, impeditur ne id quod est a
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5404 principio simul sit cum suo principio, propter hoc quod actio est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5405 successiva. Unde, dato quod aliquod agens tali actione agere
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5406 inciperet statim cum est, non statim eodem instanti esset effectus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5407 sed in instanti ad quod terminatur actio. Manifestum est autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5408 secundum praemissa, quod pater non generat filium voluntate, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5409 natura. Et iterum, quod natura patris ab aeterno perfecta fuit. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5410 iterum, quod actio qua pater producit filium, non est successiva,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5411 quia sic filius Dei successive generaretur, et esset eius generatio
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5412 materialis et cum motu, quod est impossibile. Relinquitur ergo quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5413 filius fuit, quandocumque fuit pater. Et sic filius est coaeternus
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
5414 patri, et similiter spiritus sanctus utrique.</p><p title="I q. 42 a. 2 ad 1"><a name="30171"><span class="ref">[30171] Iª q. 42 a. 2 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5415 dicendum quod, sicut Augustinus dicit, in libro de verbis domini,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5416 nullus modus processionis alicuius creaturae perfecte repraesentat
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5417 divinam generationem, unde oportet ex multis modis colligere
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5418 similitudinem, ut quod deest ex uno, aliqualiter suppleatur ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5419 altero. Et propter hoc dicitur in synodo Ephesina, <i>coexistere
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5420 semper coaeternum patri filium, splendor tibi denuntiet,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5421 impassibilitatem nativitatis ostendat verbum; consubstantialitatem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5422 filii nomen insinuet</i>. Inter omnia tamen expressius repraesentat
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5423 processio verbi ab intellectu, quod quidem non est posterius eo a
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5424 quo procedit; nisi sit talis intellectus qui exeat de potentia in
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
5425 actum, quod in Deo dici non potest.</p><p title="I q. 42 a. 2 ad 2"><a name="30172"><span class="ref">[30172] Iª q. 42 a. 2 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5426 dicendum quod aeternitas excludit principium durationis, sed non
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
5427 principium originis.</p><p title="I q. 42 a. 2 ad 3"><a name="30173"><span class="ref">[30173] Iª q. 42 a. 2 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5428 dicendum quod omnis corruptio est mutatio quaedam, et ideo omne
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5429 quod corrumpitur, incipit non esse, et desinit esse. Sed generatio
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5430 divina non est transmutatio, ut dictum est supra. Unde filius
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
5431 semper generatur, et pater semper generat.</p><p title="I q. 42 a. 2 ad 4"><a name="30174"><span class="ref">[30174] Iª q. 42 a. 2 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5432 dicendum quod in tempore aliud est quod est indivisibile, scilicet
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5433 instans; et aliud est quod est durans, scilicet tempus. Sed in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5434 aeternitate ipsum nunc indivisibile est semper stans, ut supra
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5435 dictum est. Generatio vero filii non est in nunc temporis, aut in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5436 tempore, sed in aeternitate. Et ideo, ad significandum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5437 praesentialitatem et permanentiam aeternitatis, potest dici quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5438 semper nascitur, ut Origenes dixit. Sed, ut Gregorius et Augustinus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5439 dicunt, melius est quod dicatur semper natus, ut ly semper designet
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5440 permanentiam aeternitatis, et ly natus perfectionem geniti. Sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5441 ergo filius nec imperfectus est, neque erat quando non erat, ut
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
5442 Arius dixit.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 3</h3><p title="I q. 42 a. 3 arg. 1"><a name="30175"><span class="ref">[30175] Iª q. 42 a. 3 arg. 1</span></a> Ad tertium sic
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5443 proceditur. Videtur quod in divinis personis non sit ordo naturae.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5444 Quidquid enim in divinis est, vel est essentia vel persona vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5445 notio. Sed ordo naturae non significat essentiam, neque est aliqua
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
5446 personarum aut notionum. Ergo ordo naturae non est in divinis.</p><p title="I q. 42 a. 3 arg. 2"><a name="30176"><span class="ref">[30176] Iª q. 42 a. 3 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea, in
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5447 quibuscumque est ordo naturae, unum est prius altero, saltem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5448 secundum naturam et intellectum. Sed in divinis personis nihil est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5449 prius et posterius, ut Athanasius dicit. Ergo in divinis personis
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
5450 non est ordo naturae.</p><p title="I q. 42 a. 3 arg. 3"><a name="30177"><span class="ref">[30177] Iª q. 42 a. 3 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5451 quidquid ordinatur, distinguitur. Sed natura in divinis non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5452 distinguitur. Ergo non ordinatur. Ergo non est ibi ordo
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
5453 naturae.</p><p title="I q. 42 a. 3 arg. 4"><a name="30178"><span class="ref">[30178] Iª q. 42 a. 3 arg. 4</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5454 natura divina est eius essentia. Sed non dicitur in divinis ordo
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
5455 essentiae. Ergo neque ordo naturae.</p><p title="I q. 42 a. 3 s. c."><a name="30179"><span class="ref">[30179] Iª q. 42 a. 3 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5456 ubicumque est pluralitas sine ordine, ibi est confusio. Sed in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5457 divinis personis non est confusio, ut Athanasius dicit. Ergo est
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
5458 ibi ordo.</p><p title="I q. 42 a. 3 co."><a name="30180"><span class="ref">[30180] Iª q. 42 a. 3 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5459 quod ordo semper dicitur per comparationem ad aliquod principium.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5460 Unde sicut dicitur principium multipliciter, scilicet secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5461 situm, ut punctus, secundum intellectum, ut principium
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5462 demonstrationis, et secundum causas singulas; ita etiam dicitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5463 ordo. In divinis autem dicitur principium secundum originem, absque
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5464 prioritate, ut supra dictum est. Unde oportet ibi esse ordinem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5465 secundum originem, absque prioritate. Et hic vocatur ordo naturae,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5466 secundum Augustinum, <i>non quo alter sit prius altero, sed quo
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
5467 alter est ex altero</i>.</p><p title="I q. 42 a. 3 ad 1"><a name="30181"><span class="ref">[30181] Iª q. 42 a. 3 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5468 dicendum quod ordo naturae significat notionem originis in communi,
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
5469 non autem in speciali.</p><p title="I q. 42 a. 3 ad 2"><a name="30182"><span class="ref">[30182] Iª q. 42 a. 3 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5470 dicendum quod in rebus creatis, etiam cum id quod est a principio
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5471 sit suo principio coaevum secundum durationem, tamen principium est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5472 prius secundum naturam et intellectum, si consideretur id quod est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5473 principium. Sed si considerentur ipsae relationes causae et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5474 causati, et principii et principiati, manifestum est quod relativa
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5475 sunt simul natura et intellectu, inquantum unum est in definitione
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5476 alterius. Sed in divinis ipsae relationes sunt subsistentes
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5477 personae in una natura. Unde neque ex parte naturae, neque ex parte
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5478 relationum, una persona potest esse prior alia, neque etiam
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
5479 secundum naturam et intellectum.</p><p title="I q. 42 a. 3 ad 3"><a name="30183"><span class="ref">[30183] Iª q. 42 a. 3 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5480 dicendum quod ordo naturae dicitur, non quod ipsa natura ordinetur,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5481 sed quod ordo in divinis personis attenditur secundum naturalem
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
5482 originem.</p><p title="I q. 42 a. 3 ad 4"><a name="30184"><span class="ref">[30184] Iª q. 42 a. 3 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5483 dicendum quod natura quodammodo importat rationem principii, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5484 autem essentia. Et ideo ordo originis melius nominatur ordo
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
5485 naturae, quam ordo essentiae.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 4</h3><p title="I q. 42 a. 4 arg. 1"><a name="30185"><span class="ref">[30185] Iª q. 42 a. 4 arg. 1</span></a> Ad quartum sic
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5486 proceditur. Videtur quod filius non sit aequalis patri in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5487 magnitudine. Dicit enim ipse, Ioan. XIV, <i>pater maior me est</i>;
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5488 et apostolus, I Cor. XV, <i>ipse filius subiectus erit illi qui
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
5489 sibi subiecit omnia</i>.</p><p title="I q. 42 a. 4 arg. 2"><a name="30186"><span class="ref">[30186] Iª q. 42 a. 4 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5490 paternitas pertinet ad dignitatem patris. Sed paternitas non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5491 convenit filio. Ergo non quidquid dignitatis habet pater, habet
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
5492 filius. Ergo non est aequalis patri in magnitudine.</p><p title="I q. 42 a. 4 arg. 3"><a name="30187"><span class="ref">[30187] Iª q. 42 a. 4 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5493 ubicumque est totum et pars, plures partes sunt aliquid maius quam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5494 una tantum vel pauciores; sicut tres homines sunt aliquid maius
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5495 quam duo vel unus. Sed in divinis videtur esse totum universale et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5496 pars, nam sub relatione vel notione plures notiones continentur.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5497 Cum igitur in patre sint tres notiones, in filio autem tantum duae,
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
5498 videtur quod filius non sit aequalis patri.</p><p title="I q. 42 a. 4 s. c."><a name="30188"><span class="ref">[30188] Iª q. 42 a. 4 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5499 quod dicitur Philip. II, <i>non rapinam arbitratus est esse se
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
5500 aequalem Deo</i>.</p><p title="I q. 42 a. 4 co."><a name="30189"><span class="ref">[30189] Iª q. 42 a. 4 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5501 quod necesse est dicere filium esse aequalem patri in magnitudine.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5502 Magnitudo enim Dei non est aliud quam perfectio naturae ipsius. Hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5503 autem est de ratione paternitatis et filiationis, quod filius per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5504 generationem pertingat ad habendam perfectionem naturae quae est in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5505 patre, sicut et pater. Sed quia in hominibus generatio est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5506 transmutatio quaedam exeuntis de potentia in actum, non statim a
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5507 principio homo filius est aequalis patri generanti; sed per debitum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5508 incrementum ad aequalitatem perducitur, nisi aliter eveniat propter
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5509 defectum principii generationis. Manifestum est autem ex dictis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5510 quod in divinis est proprie et vere paternitas et filiatio. Nec
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5511 potest dici quod virtus Dei patris fuerit defectiva in generando;
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5512 neque quod Dei filius successive et per transmutationem ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5513 perfectionem pervenerit. Unde necesse est dicere quod ab aeterno
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5514 fuerit patri aequalis in magnitudine. Unde et Hilarius dicit, in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5515 libro de Synod., <i>tolle corporum infirmitates, tolle conceptus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5516 initium, tolle dolores et omnem humanam necessitatem, omnis filius
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5517 secundum naturalem nativitatem aequalitas patris est, quia est et
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
5518 similitudo naturae</i>.</p><p title="I q. 42 a. 4 ad 1"><a name="30190"><span class="ref">[30190] Iª q. 42 a. 4 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5519 dicendum quod verba illa intelliguntur dicta de Christo secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5520 humanam naturam, in qua minor est patre, et ei subiectus. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5521 secundum naturam divinam, aequalis est patri. Et hoc est quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5522 Athanasius dicit; <i>aequalis patri secundum divinitatem, minor
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5523 patre secundum humanitatem</i>. Vel, secundum Hilarium, in IX libro
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5524 de Trin., <i>donantis auctoritate pater maior est, sed minor non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5525 est cui unum esse donatur</i>. Et in libro de Synod. dicit quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5526 subiectio filii naturae pietas est, idest recognitio auctoritatis
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
5527 paternae, subiectio autem ceterorum, creationis infirmitas.</p><p title="I q. 42 a. 4 ad 2"><a name="30191"><span class="ref">[30191] Iª q. 42 a. 4 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5528 dicendum quod aequalitas attenditur secundum magnitudinem.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5529 Magnitudo autem in divinis significat perfectionem naturae, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5530 dictum est, et ad essentiam pertinet. Et ideo aequalitas in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5531 divinis, et similitudo, secundum essentialia attenditur, nec potest
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5532 secundum distinctionem relationum inaequalitas vel dissimilitudo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5533 dici. Unde Augustinus dicit, contra Maximinum, <i>originis quaestio
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5534 est quid de quo sit; aequalitatis autem, qualis aut quantus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5535 sit</i>. Paternitas igitur est dignitas patris, sicut et essentia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5536 patris, nam dignitas absolutum est, et ad essentiam pertinet. Sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5537 igitur eadem essentia quae in patre est paternitas, in filio est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5538 filiatio; ita eadem dignitas quae in patre est paternitas, in filio
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5539 est filiatio. Vere ergo dicitur quod quidquid dignitatis habet
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5540 pater, habet filius. Nec sequitur, paternitatem habet pater, ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5541 paternitatem habet filius. Mutatur enim quid in ad aliquid, eadem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5542 enim est essentia et dignitas patris et filii, sed in patre est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5543 secundum relationem dantis, in filio secundum relationem
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
5544 accipientis.</p><p title="I q. 42 a. 4 ad 3"><a name="30192"><span class="ref">[30192] Iª q. 42 a. 4 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5545 dicendum quod relatio in divinis non est totum universale, quamvis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5546 de pluribus relationibus praedicetur, quia omnes relationes sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5547 unum secundum essentiam et esse, quod repugnat rationi universalis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5548 cuius partes secundum esse distinguuntur. Et similiter persona, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5549 supra dictum est, non est universale in divinis. Unde neque omnes
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5550 relationes sunt maius aliquid quam una tantum; nec omnes personae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5551 maius aliquid quam una tantum; quia tota perfectio divinae naturae
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
5552 est in qualibet personarum.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 5</h3><p title="I q. 42 a. 5 arg. 1"><a name="30193"><span class="ref">[30193] Iª q. 42 a. 5 arg. 1</span></a> Ad quintum sic
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5553 proceditur. Videtur quod filius non sit in patre, et e converso.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5554 Philosophus enim, in IV Physic., ponit octo modos essendi aliquid
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5555 in aliquo; et secundum nullum horum filius est in patre, aut e
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5556 converso, ut patet discurrenti per singulos modos. Ergo filius non
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
5557 est in patre, nec e converso.</p><p title="I q. 42 a. 5 arg. 2"><a name="30194"><span class="ref">[30194] Iª q. 42 a. 5 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea, nihil
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5558 quod exivit ab aliquo, est in eo. Sed filius ab aeterno exivit a
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5559 patre, secundum illud Micheae V, <i>egressus eius ab initio, a
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
5560 diebus aeternitatis</i>. Ergo filius non est in patre.</p><p title="I q. 42 a. 5 arg. 3"><a name="30195"><span class="ref">[30195] Iª q. 42 a. 5 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea, unum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5561 oppositorum non est in altero. Sed filius et pater opponuntur
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
5562 relative. Ergo unus non potest esse in alio.</p><p title="I q. 42 a. 5 s. c."><a name="30196"><span class="ref">[30196] Iª q. 42 a. 5 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5563 quod dicitur Ioan. XIV, <i>ego in patre, et pater in me
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
5564 est</i>.</p><p title="I q. 42 a. 5 co."><a name="30197"><span class="ref">[30197] Iª q. 42 a. 5 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5565 quod in patre et filio tria est considerare, scilicet essentiam,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5566 relationem et originem; et secundum quodlibet istorum filius est in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5567 patre, et e converso. Secundum essentiam enim pater est in filio,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5568 quia pater est sua essentia, et communicat suam essentiam filio,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5569 non per aliquam suam transmutationem, unde sequitur quod, cum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5570 essentia patris sit in filio, quod in filio sit pater. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5571 similiter, cum filius sit sua essentia, sequitur quod sit in patre,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5572 in quo est eius essentia. Et hoc est quod Hilarius dicit, V de
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5573 Trin., <i>naturam suam, ut ita dicam, sequitur immutabilis Deus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5574 immutabilem gignens Deum. Subsistentem ergo in eo Dei naturam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5575 intelligimus, cum in Deo Deus insit</i>. Secundum etiam relationes,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5576 manifestum est quod unum oppositorum relative est in altero
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5577 secundum intellectum. Secundum originem etiam manifestum est quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5578 processio verbi intelligibilis non est ad extra, sed manet in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5579 dicente. Id etiam quod verbo dicitur, in verbo continetur. Et eadem
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
5580 ratio est de spiritu sancto.</p><p title="I q. 42 a. 5 ad 1"><a name="30198"><span class="ref">[30198] Iª q. 42 a. 5 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5581 dicendum quod ea quae in creaturis sunt, non sufficienter
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5582 repraesentant ea quae Dei sunt. Et ideo secundum nullum eorum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5583 modorum quos philosophus enumerat, filius est in patre, aut e
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5584 converso. Accedit tamen magis ad hoc modus ille, secundum quem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5585 aliquid dicitur esse in principio originante, nisi quod deest
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5586 unitas essentiae, in rebus creatis, inter principium et id quod est
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
5587 a principio.</p><p title="I q. 42 a. 5 ad 2"><a name="30199"><span class="ref">[30199] Iª q. 42 a. 5 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5588 dicendum quod exitus filii a patre est secundum modum processionis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5589 interioris, prout verbum exit a corde, et manet in eo. Unde exitus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5590 iste in divinis est secundum solam distinctionem relationum, non
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
5591 secundum essentialem aliquam distantiam.</p><p title="I q. 42 a. 5 ad 3"><a name="30200"><span class="ref">[30200] Iª q. 42 a. 5 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5592 dicendum quod pater et filius opponuntur secundum relationes, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5593 autem secundum essentiam. Et tamen oppositorum relative unum est in
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
5594 altero, ut dictum est.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 6</h3><p title="I q. 42 a. 6 arg. 1"><a name="30201"><span class="ref">[30201] Iª q. 42 a. 6 arg. 1</span></a> Ad sextum sic
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5595 proceditur. Videtur quod filius non sit aequalis patri secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5596 potentiam. Dicitur enim Ioan. V, <i>non potest filius a se facere
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5597 quidquam, nisi quod viderit patrem facientem</i>. Pater autem a se
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
5598 potest facere. Ergo pater maior est filio secundum potentiam.</p><p title="I q. 42 a. 6 arg. 2"><a name="30202"><span class="ref">[30202] Iª q. 42 a. 6 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea, maior
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5599 est potentia eius qui praecipit et docet, quam eius qui obedit et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5600 audit. Sed pater mandat filio, secundum illud Ioan. XIV, <i>sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5601 mandatum dedit mihi pater, sic facio</i>. Pater etiam docet filium,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5602 secundum illud Ioan. V, <i>pater diligit filium, et omnia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5603 demonstrat ei quae ipse facit</i>. Similiter et filius audit,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5604 secundum illud Ioan. V, <i>sicut audio, iudico</i>. Ergo pater est
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
5605 maioris potentiae quam filius.</p><p title="I q. 42 a. 6 arg. 3"><a name="30203"><span class="ref">[30203] Iª q. 42 a. 6 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea, ad
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5606 omnipotentiam patris pertinet quod possit filium generare sibi
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5607 aequalem, dicit enim Augustinus, in libro contra Maximin., <i>si
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5608 non potuit generare sibi aequalem, ubi est omnipotentia Dei
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5609 patris?</i> Sed filius non potest generare filium, ut supra
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5610 ostensum est. Non ergo quidquid pertinet ad omnipotentiam patris,
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
5611 potest filius. Et ita non est ei in potestate aequalis.</p><p title="I q. 42 a. 6 s. c."><a name="30204"><span class="ref">[30204] Iª q. 42 a. 6 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5612 quod dicitur Ioan. V, <i>quaecumque pater facit, haec et filius
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
5613 similiter facit</i>.</p><p title="I q. 42 a. 6 co."><a name="30205"><span class="ref">[30205] Iª q. 42 a. 6 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5614 quod necesse est dicere quod filius est aequalis patri in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5615 potestate. Potentia enim agendi consequitur perfectionem naturae,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5616 videmus enim in creaturis quod quanto aliquid habet perfectiorem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5617 naturam, tanto est maioris virtutis in agendo. Ostensum est autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5618 supra quod ipsa ratio divinae paternitatis et filiationis exigit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5619 quod filius sit aequalis patri in magnitudine, idest in perfectione
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5620 naturae. Unde relinquitur quod filius sit aequalis patri in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5621 potestate. Et eadem ratio est de spiritu sancto respectu
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
5622 utriusque.</p><p title="I q. 42 a. 6 ad 1"><a name="30206"><span class="ref">[30206] Iª q. 42 a. 6 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5623 dicendum quod in hoc quod dicitur quod filius non potest a se
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5624 facere quidquam, non subtrahitur filio aliqua potestas quam habeat
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5625 pater; cum statim subdatur quod quaecumque pater facit, filius
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5626 similiter facit. Sed ostenditur quod filius habet potestatem a
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5627 patre, a quo habet naturam. Unde dicit Hilarius, IX de Trin.,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5628 <i>naturae divinae haec unitas est, ut ita per se agat filius, quod
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
5629 non a se agat</i>.</p><p title="I q. 42 a. 6 ad 2"><a name="30207"><span class="ref">[30207] Iª q. 42 a. 6 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5630 dicendum quod in demonstratione patris et auditione filii, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5631 intelligitur nisi quod pater communicat scientiam filio, sicut et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5632 essentiam. Et ad idem potest referri mandatum patris, per hoc quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5633 ab aeterno dedit ei scientiam et voluntatem agendorum, eum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5634 generando. Vel potius referendum est ad Christum secundum humanam
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
5635 naturam.</p><p title="I q. 42 a. 6 ad 3"><a name="30208"><span class="ref">[30208] Iª q. 42 a. 6 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5636 dicendum quod, sicut eadem essentia quae in patre est paternitas,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5637 in filio est filiatio; ita eadem est potentia qua pater generat, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5638 qua filius generatur. Unde manifestum est quod quidquid potest
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5639 pater, potest filius. Non tamen sequitur quod possit generare, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5640 mutatur quid in ad aliquid, nam generatio significat relationem in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5641 divinis. Habet ergo filius eandem omnipotentiam quam pater, sed cum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5642 alia relatione. Quia pater habet eam ut dans, et hoc significatur,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5643 cum dicitur quod potest generare. Filius autem habet eam ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5644 accipiens, et hoc significatur, cum dicitur quod potest
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
5645 generari.</p></div></div><div class="q" id="q43"><h2>Quaestio 43</h2><div class="p"><h3>Prooemium</h3><p title="I q. 43 pr."><a name="30209"><span class="ref">[30209]
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
5646 Iª q. 43 pr.</span></a> Deinde considerandum de missione
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5647 divinarum personarum. Et circa hoc quaeruntur octo. Primo, utrum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5648 alicui divinae personae conveniat mitti. Secundo, utrum missio sit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5649 aeterna, vel temporalis tantum. Tertio, secundum quid divina
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5650 persona invisibiliter mittatur. Quarto, utrum cuilibet personae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5651 conveniat mitti. Quinto, utrum invisibiliter mittatur tam filius,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5652 quam spiritus sanctus. Sexto, ad quos fiat missio invisibilis.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5653 Septimo, de missione visibili. Octavo, utrum aliqua persona mittat
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
5654 seipsam, visibiliter aut invisibiliter.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 1</h3><p title="I q. 43 a. 1 arg. 1"><a name="30210"><span class="ref">[30210] Iª q. 43 a. 1 arg. 1</span></a> Ad primum sic
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5655 proceditur. Videtur quod personae divinae non conveniat mitti.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5656 Missus enim minor est mittente. Sed una persona divina non est
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
5657 minor alia. Ergo una persona non mittitur ab alia.</p><p title="I q. 43 a. 1 arg. 2"><a name="30211"><span class="ref">[30211] Iª q. 43 a. 1 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea, omne
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5658 quod mittitur, separatur a mittente, unde Hieronymus dicit, super
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5659 Ezechiel., <i>quod coniunctum est, et in corpore uno copulatum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5660 mitti non potest</i>. Sed in divinis personis nihil est separabile,
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
5661 ut Hilarius dicit. Ergo una persona non mittitur ab alia.</p><p title="I q. 43 a. 1 arg. 3"><a name="30212"><span class="ref">[30212] Iª q. 43 a. 1 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5662 quicumque mittitur, ab aliquo loco discedit, et ad aliquem locum de
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5663 novo vadit. Hoc autem divinae personae non convenit, cum ubique
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
5664 sit. Ergo divinae personae non convenit mitti.</p><p title="I q. 43 a. 1 s. c."><a name="30213"><span class="ref">[30213] Iª q. 43 a. 1 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5665 quod dicitur Ioan. VIII, <i>non sum ego solus, sed ego et qui misit
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
5666 me, pater</i>.</p><p title="I q. 43 a. 1 co."><a name="30214"><span class="ref">[30214] Iª q. 43 a. 1 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5667 quod in ratione missionis duo importantur, quorum unum est habitudo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5668 missi ad eum a quo mittitur; aliud est habitudo missi ad terminum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5669 ad quem mittitur. Per hoc autem quod aliquis mittitur, ostenditur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5670 processio quaedam missi a mittente; vel secundum imperium, sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5671 dominus mittit servum; vel secundum consilium, ut si consiliarius
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5672 mittere dicatur regem ad bellandum; vel secundum originem, ut si
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5673 dicatur quod flos emittitur ab arbore. Ostenditur etiam habitudo ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5674 terminum ad quem mittitur, ut aliquo modo ibi esse incipiat; vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5675 quia prius ibi omnino non erat quo mittitur; vel quia incipit ibi
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5676 aliquo modo esse, quo prius non erat. Missio igitur divinae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5677 personae convenire potest, secundum quod importat ex una parte
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5678 processionem originis a mittente; et secundum quod importat ex alia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5679 parte novum modum existendi in aliquo. Sicut filius dicitur esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5680 missus a patre in mundum, secundum quod incoepit esse in mundo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5681 visibiliter per carnem assumptam, et tamen ante in mundo erat, ut
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
5682 dicitur Ioan. I.</p><p title="I q. 43 a. 1 ad 1"><a name="30215"><span class="ref">[30215] Iª q. 43 a. 1 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5683 dicendum quod missio importat minorationem in eo qui mittitur,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5684 secundum quod importat processionem a principio mittente aut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5685 secundum imperium, aut secundum consilium, quia imperans est maior,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5686 et consilians est sapientior. Sed in divinis non importat nisi
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5687 processionem originis; quae est secundum aequalitatem, ut supra
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
5688 dictum est.</p><p title="I q. 43 a. 1 ad 2"><a name="30216"><span class="ref">[30216] Iª q. 43 a. 1 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5689 dicendum quod illud quod sic mittitur ut incipiat esse ubi prius
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5690 nullo modo erat, sua missione localiter movetur, unde oportet quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5691 loco separetur a mittente. Sed hoc non accidit in missione divinae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5692 personae, quia persona divina missa, sicut non incipit esse ubi
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5693 prius non fuerat, ita nec desinit esse ubi fuerat. Unde talis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5694 missio est sine separatione; sed habet solam distinctionem
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
5695 originis.</p><p title="I q. 43 a. 1 ad 3"><a name="30217"><span class="ref">[30217] Iª q. 43 a. 1 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5696 dicendum quod obiectio illa procedit de missione quae fit secundum
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
5697 motum localem; quae non habet locum in divinis.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 2</h3><p title="I q. 43 a. 2 arg. 1"><a name="30218"><span class="ref">[30218] Iª q. 43 a. 2 arg. 1</span></a> Ad secundum sic
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5698 proceditur. Videtur quod missio possit esse aeterna. Dicit enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5699 Gregorius, eo mittitur filius, quo generatur. Sed generatio filii
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
5700 est aeterna. Ergo et missio.</p><p title="I q. 43 a. 2 arg. 2"><a name="30219"><span class="ref">[30219] Iª q. 43 a. 2 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5701 cuicumque convenit aliquid temporaliter, illud mutatur. Sed persona
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5702 divina non mutatur. Ergo missio divinae personae non est
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
5703 temporalis, sed aeterna.</p><p title="I q. 43 a. 2 arg. 3"><a name="30220"><span class="ref">[30220] Iª q. 43 a. 2 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5704 missio processionem importat. Sed processio divinarum personarum
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
5705 est aeterna. Ergo et missio.</p><p title="I q. 43 a. 2 s. c."><a name="30221"><span class="ref">[30221] Iª q. 43 a. 2 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5706 quod dicitur Galat. IV, <i>cum venit plenitudo temporis, misit Deus
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
5707 filium suum</i>.</p><p title="I q. 43 a. 2 co."><a name="30222"><span class="ref">[30222] Iª q. 43 a. 2 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5708 quod in his quae important originem divinarum personarum, est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5709 quaedam differentia attendenda. Quaedam enim in sui significatione
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5710 important solam habitudinem ad principium, ut processio et exitus.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5711 Quaedam vero, cum habitudine ad principium, determinant
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5712 processionis terminum. Quorum quaedam determinant terminum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5713 aeternum, sicut generatio et spiratio, nam generatio est processio
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5714 divinae personae in naturam divinam; et spiratio, passive accepta,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5715 importat processionem amoris subsistentis. Quaedam vero, cum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5716 habitudine ad principium, important terminum temporalem, sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5717 missio et datio, mittitur enim aliquid ad hoc ut sit in aliquo, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5718 datur ad hoc quod habeatur; personam autem divinam haberi ab aliqua
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5719 creatura, vel esse novo modo existendi in ea, est quoddam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5720 temporale. Unde missio et datio in divinis dicuntur temporaliter
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5721 tantum. Generatio autem et spiratio solum ab aeterno. Processio
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5722 autem et exitus dicuntur in divinis et aeternaliter et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5723 temporaliter, nam filius ab aeterno processit ut sit Deus;
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5724 temporaliter autem ut etiam sit homo, secundum missionem visibilem;
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
5725 vel etiam ut sit in homine, secundum invisibilem missionem.</p><p title="I q. 43 a. 2 ad 1"><a name="30223"><span class="ref">[30223] Iª q. 43 a. 2 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5726 dicendum quod Gregorius loquitur de generatione temporali filii,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5727 non a patre, sed a matre. Vel, quia ex hoc ipso filius habet quod
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
5728 possit mitti, quod est ab aeterno genitus.</p><p title="I q. 43 a. 2 ad 2"><a name="30224"><span class="ref">[30224] Iª q. 43 a. 2 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5729 dicendum quod divinam personam esse novo modo in aliquo, vel ab
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5730 aliquo haberi temporaliter, non est propter mutationem divinae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5731 personae, sed propter mutationem creaturae, sicut et Deus
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
5732 temporaliter dicitur dominus, propter mutationem creaturae.</p><p title="I q. 43 a. 2 ad 3"><a name="30225"><span class="ref">[30225] Iª q. 43 a. 2 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5733 dicendum quod missio non solum importat processionem a principio,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5734 sed determinat processionis terminum temporalem. Unde missio solum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5735 est temporalis. Vel, missio includit processionem aeternam, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5736 aliquid addit, scilicet temporalem effectum, habitudo enim divinae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5737 personae ad suum principium non est nisi ab aeterno. Unde gemina
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5738 dicitur processio, aeterna scilicet et temporalis, non propter hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5739 quod habitudo ad principium geminetur, sed geminatio est ex parte
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
5740 termini temporalis et aeterni.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 3</h3><p title="I q. 43 a. 3 arg. 1"><a name="30226"><span class="ref">[30226] Iª q. 43 a. 3 arg. 1</span></a> Ad tertium sic
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5741 proceditur. Videtur quod missio invisibilis divinae personae non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5742 sit solum secundum donum gratiae gratum facientis. Divinam enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5743 personam mitti, est ipsam donari. Si igitur divina persona mittitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5744 solum secundum dona gratiae gratum facientis, non donabitur ipsa
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5745 persona divina, sed solum dona eius. Quod est error dicentium
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
5746 spiritum sanctum non dari, sed eius dona.</p><p title="I q. 43 a. 3 arg. 2"><a name="30227"><span class="ref">[30227] Iª q. 43 a. 3 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea, haec
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5747 praepositio secundum denotat habitudinem alicuius causae. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5748 persona divina est causa quod habeatur donum gratiae gratum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5749 facientis, et non e converso; secundum illud Rom. V, <i>caritas Dei
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5750 diffusa est in cordibus nostris per spiritum sanctum, qui datus est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5751 nobis</i>. Ergo inconvenienter dicitur quod persona divina secundum
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
5752 dona gratiae gratum facientis mittatur.</p><p title="I q. 43 a. 3 arg. 3"><a name="30228"><span class="ref">[30228] Iª q. 43 a. 3 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5753 Augustinus dicit, IV de Trin., quod <i>filius, cum ex tempore mente
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5754 percipitur, mitti dicitur</i>. Sed filius cognoscitur non solum per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5755 gratiam gratum facientem, sed etiam per gratiam gratis datam, sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5756 per fidem et per scientiam. Non ergo persona divina mittitur
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
5757 secundum solam gratiam gratum facientem.</p><p title="I q. 43 a. 3 arg. 4"><a name="30229"><span class="ref">[30229] Iª q. 43 a. 3 arg. 4</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5758 Rabanus dicit quod spiritus sanctus datus est apostolis ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5759 operationem miraculorum. Hoc autem non est donum gratiae gratum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5760 facientis, sed gratiae gratis datae. Ergo persona divina non solum
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
5761 datur secundum gratiam gratum facientem.</p><p title="I q. 43 a. 3 s. c."><a name="30230"><span class="ref">[30230] Iª q. 43 a. 3 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5762 quod Augustinus dicit, XV de Trin., quod spiritus sanctus procedit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5763 temporaliter ad sanctificandam creaturam. Missio autem est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5764 temporalis processio. Cum igitur sanctificatio creaturae non sit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5765 nisi per gratiam gratum facientem, sequitur quod missio divinae
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
5766 personae non sit nisi per gratiam gratum facientem.</p><p title="I q. 43 a. 3 co."><a name="30231"><span class="ref">[30231] Iª q. 43 a. 3 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5767 quod divinae personae convenit mitti, secundum quod novo modo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5768 existit in aliquo; dari autem, secundum quod habetur ab aliquo.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5769 Neutrum autem horum est nisi secundum gratiam gratum facientem. Est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5770 enim unus communis modus quo Deus est in omnibus rebus per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5771 essentiam, potentiam et praesentiam, sicut causa in effectibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5772 participantibus bonitatem ipsius. Super istum modum autem communem,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5773 est unus specialis, qui convenit creaturae rationali, in qua Deus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5774 dicitur esse sicut cognitum in cognoscente et amatum in amante. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5775 quia, cognoscendo et amando, creatura rationalis sua operatione
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5776 attingit ad ipsum Deum, secundum istum specialem modum Deus non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5777 solum dicitur esse in creatura rationali, sed etiam habitare in ea
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5778 sicut in templo suo. Sic igitur nullus alius effectus potest esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5779 ratio quod divina persona sit novo modo in rationali creatura, nisi
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5780 gratia gratum faciens. Unde secundum solam gratiam gratum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5781 facientem, mittitur et procedit temporaliter persona divina.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5782 Similiter illud solum habere dicimur, quo libere possumus uti vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5783 frui. Habere autem potestatem fruendi divina persona, est solum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5784 secundum gratiam gratum facientem. Sed tamen in ipso dono gratiae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5785 gratum facientis, spiritus sanctus habetur, et inhabitat hominem.
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
5786 Unde ipsemet spiritus sanctus datur et mittitur.</p><p title="I q. 43 a. 3 ad 1"><a name="30232"><span class="ref">[30232] Iª q. 43 a. 3 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5787 dicendum quod per donum gratiae gratum facientis perficitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5788 creatura rationalis, ad hoc quod libere non solum ipso dono creato
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5789 utatur, sed ut ipsa divina persona fruatur. Et ideo missio
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5790 invisibilis fit secundum donum gratiae gratum facientis, et tamen
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
5791 ipsa persona divina datur.</p><p title="I q. 43 a. 3 ad 2"><a name="30233"><span class="ref">[30233] Iª q. 43 a. 3 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5792 dicendum quod gratia gratum faciens disponit animam ad habendam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5793 divinam personam, et significatur hoc, cum dicitur quod spiritus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5794 sanctus datur secundum donum gratiae. Sed tamen ipsum donum gratiae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5795 est a spiritu sancto, et hoc significatur, cum dicitur quod caritas
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
5796 Dei diffunditur in cordibus nostris per spiritum sanctum.</p><p title="I q. 43 a. 3 ad 3"><a name="30234"><span class="ref">[30234] Iª q. 43 a. 3 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5797 dicendum quod, licet per aliquos effectus filius cognosci possit a
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5798 nobis, non tamen per aliquos effectus nos inhabitat, vel etiam
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
5799 habetur a nobis.</p><p title="I q. 43 a. 3 ad 4"><a name="30235"><span class="ref">[30235] Iª q. 43 a. 3 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5800 dicendum quod operatio miraculorum est manifestativa gratiae gratum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5801 facientis, sicut et donum prophetiae, et quaelibet gratia gratis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5802 data. Unde I Cor. XII, gratia gratis data nominatur manifestatio
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5803 spiritus. Sic igitur apostolis dicitur datus spiritus sanctus ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5804 operationem miraculorum, quia data est eis gratia gratum faciens
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5805 cum signo manifestante. Si autem daretur solum signum gratiae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5806 gratum facientis sine gratia, non diceretur dari simpliciter
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5807 spiritus sanctus; nisi forte cum aliqua determinatione, secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5808 quod dicitur quod alicui datur spiritus propheticus vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5809 miraculorum, inquantum a spiritu sancto habet virtutem prophetandi
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
5810 vel miracula faciendi.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 4</h3><p title="I q. 43 a. 4 arg. 1"><a name="30236"><span class="ref">[30236] Iª q. 43 a. 4 arg. 1</span></a> Ad quartum sic
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5811 proceditur. Videtur quod etiam patri conveniat mitti. Mitti enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5812 divinam personam est ipsam dari. Sed pater dat seipsum, cum haberi
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5813 non possit, nisi se ipso donante. Ergo potest dici quod pater
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
5814 mittat seipsum.</p><p title="I q. 43 a. 4 arg. 2"><a name="30237"><span class="ref">[30237] Iª q. 43 a. 4 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5815 persona divina mittitur secundum inhabitationem gratiae. Sed per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5816 gratiam tota Trinitas inhabitat in nobis, secundum illud Ioan. XIV,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5817 <i>ad eum veniemus, et mansionem apud eum faciemus</i>. Ergo
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
5818 quaelibet divinarum personarum mittitur.</p><p title="I q. 43 a. 4 arg. 3"><a name="30238"><span class="ref">[30238] Iª q. 43 a. 4 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5819 quidquid convenit alicui personae, convenit omnibus, praeter
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5820 notiones et personas. Sed missio non significat aliquam personam,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5821 neque etiam notionem, cum sint tantum quinque notiones, ut supra
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
5822 dictum est. Ergo cuilibet personae divinae convenit mitti.</p><p title="I q. 43 a. 4 s. c."><a name="30239"><span class="ref">[30239] Iª q. 43 a. 4 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5823 quod Augustinus dicit, in II libro de Trin., quod <i>solus pater
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
5824 nunquam legitur missus</i>.</p><p title="I q. 43 a. 4 co."><a name="30240"><span class="ref">[30240] Iª q. 43 a. 4 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5825 quod missio in sui ratione importat processionem ab alio; et in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5826 divinis, secundum originem, ut supra dictum est. Unde, cum pater
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5827 non sit ab alio, nullo modo convenit sibi mitti; sed solum filio et
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
5828 spiritui sancto, quibus convenit esse ab alio.</p><p title="I q. 43 a. 4 ad 1"><a name="30241"><span class="ref">[30241] Iª q. 43 a. 4 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5829 dicendum quod si dare importet liberalem communicationem alicuius,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5830 sic pater dat seipsum, inquantum se liberaliter communicat
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5831 creaturae ad fruendum. Si vero importet auctoritatem dantis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5832 respectu eius quod datur, sic non convenit dari in divinis nisi
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
5833 personae quae est ab alio; sicut nec mitti.</p><p title="I q. 43 a. 4 ad 2"><a name="30242"><span class="ref">[30242] Iª q. 43 a. 4 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5834 dicendum quod, licet effectus gratiae sit etiam a patre, qui
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5835 inhabitat per gratiam, sicut et filius et spiritus sanctus; quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5836 tamen non est ab alio, non dicitur mitti. Et hoc est quod dicit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5837 Augustinus, IV de Trin., quod <i>pater, cum in tempore a quoquam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5838 cognoscitur, non dicitur missus, non enim habet de quo sit, aut ex
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
5839 quo procedat</i>.</p><p title="I q. 43 a. 4 ad 3"><a name="30243"><span class="ref">[30243] Iª q. 43 a. 4 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5840 dicendum quod missio, inquantum importat processionem a mittente,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5841 includit in sui significatione notionem, non quidem in speciali,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5842 sed in generali, prout esse ab alio est commune duabus
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
5843 notionibus.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 5</h3><p title="I q. 43 a. 5 arg. 1"><a name="30244"><span class="ref">[30244] Iª q. 43 a. 5 arg. 1</span></a> Ad quintum sic
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5844 proceditur. Videtur quod filio non conveniat invisibiliter mitti.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5845 Missio enim invisibilis divinae personae attenditur secundum dona
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5846 gratiae. Sed omnia dona gratiae pertinent ad spiritum sanctum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5847 secundum illud I Cor. XII, <i>omnia operatur unus atque idem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5848 spiritus</i>. Ergo invisibiliter non mittitur nisi spiritus
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
5849 sanctus.</p><p title="I q. 43 a. 5 arg. 2"><a name="30245"><span class="ref">[30245] Iª q. 43 a. 5 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5850 missio divinae personae fit secundum gratiam gratum facientem. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5851 dona quae pertinent ad perfectionem intellectus, non sunt dona
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5852 gratiae gratum facientis, cum sine caritate possint haberi,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5853 secundum illud I ad Cor. XIII, <i>si habuero prophetiam, et noverim
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5854 mysteria omnia, et omnem scientiam, et si habuero omnem fidem, ita
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5855 ut montes transferam, caritatem autem non habeam, nihil sum</i>.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5856 Cum ergo filius procedat ut verbum intellectus, videtur quod non
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
5857 conveniat sibi invisibiliter mitti.</p><p title="I q. 43 a. 5 arg. 3"><a name="30246"><span class="ref">[30246] Iª q. 43 a. 5 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5858 missio divinae personae est quaedam processio, ut dictum est. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5859 alia est processio filii, alia spiritus sancti. Ergo et alia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5860 missio, si uterque mittitur. Et sic altera earum superflueret, cum
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
5861 una sit sufficiens ad sanctificandam creaturam.</p><p title="I q. 43 a. 5 s. c."><a name="30247"><span class="ref">[30247] Iª q. 43 a. 5 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5862 quod Sap. IX dicitur de divina sapientia, <i>mitte illam de caelis
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
5863 sanctis tuis, et a sede magnitudinis tuae</i>.</p><p title="I q. 43 a. 5 co."><a name="30248"><span class="ref">[30248] Iª q. 43 a. 5 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5864 quod per gratiam gratum facientem tota Trinitas inhabitat mentem,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5865 secundum illud Ioan. XIV, <i>ad eum veniemus, et mansionem apud eum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5866 faciemus</i>. Mitti autem personam divinam ad aliquem per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5867 invisibilem gratiam, significat novum modum inhabitandi illius
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5868 personae, et originem eius ab alia. Unde, cum tam filio quam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5869 spiritui sancto conveniat et inhabitare per gratiam et ab alio
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5870 esse, utrique convenit invisibiliter mitti. Patri autem licet
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5871 conveniat inhabitare per gratiam, non tamen sibi convenit ab alio
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
5872 esse; et per consequens nec mitti.</p><p title="I q. 43 a. 5 ad 1"><a name="30249"><span class="ref">[30249] Iª q. 43 a. 5 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5873 dicendum quod, licet omnia dona, inquantum dona sunt, attribuantur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5874 spiritui sancto, quia habet rationem primi doni, secundum quod est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5875 amor, ut supra dictum est; aliqua tamen dona, secundum proprias
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5876 rationes, attribuuntur per quandam appropriationem filio, scilicet
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5877 illa quae pertinent ad intellectum et secundum illa dona attenditur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5878 missio filii. Unde Augustinus dicit, IV de Trin., quod <i>tunc
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5879 invisibiliter filius cuiquam mittitur, cum a quoquam cognoscitur
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
5880 atque percipitur</i>.</p><p title="I q. 43 a. 5 ad 2"><a name="30250"><span class="ref">[30250] Iª q. 43 a. 5 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5881 dicendum quod anima per gratiam conformatur Deo. Unde ad hoc quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5882 aliqua persona divina mittatur ad aliquem per gratiam, oportet quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5883 fiat assimilatio illius ad divinam personam quae mittitur per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5884 aliquod gratiae donum. Et quia spiritus sanctus est amor, per donum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5885 caritatis anima spiritui sancto assimilatur, unde secundum donum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5886 caritatis attenditur missio spiritus sancti. Filius autem est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5887 verbum, non qualecumque, sed spirans amorem, unde Augustinus dicit,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5888 in IX libro de Trin., <i>verbum quod insinuare intendimus, cum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5889 amore notitia est</i>. Non igitur secundum quamlibet perfectionem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5890 intellectus mittitur filius, sed secundum talem instructionem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5891 intellectus, qua prorumpat in affectum amoris, ut dicitur Ioan. VI,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5892 <i>omnis qui audivit a patre, et didicit, venit ad me</i>; et in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5893 Psalm., <i>in meditatione mea exardescet ignis</i>. Et ideo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5894 signanter dicit Augustinus quod filius mittitur, cum a quoquam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5895 cognoscitur atque percipitur, perceptio enim experimentalem quandam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5896 notitiam significat. Et haec proprie dicitur sapientia, quasi
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5897 sapida scientia, secundum illud Eccli. VI, <i>sapientia doctrinae
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
5898 secundum nomen eius est</i>.</p><p title="I q. 43 a. 5 ad 3"><a name="30251"><span class="ref">[30251] Iª q. 43 a. 5 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5899 dicendum quod, cum missio importet originem personae missae et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5900 inhabitationem per gratiam, ut supra dictum est, si loquamur de
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5901 missione quantum ad originem, sic missio filii distinguitur a
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5902 missione spiritus sancti, sicut et generatio a processione. Si
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5903 autem quantum ad effectum gratiae, sic communicant duae missiones
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5904 in radice gratiae, sed distinguuntur in effectibus gratiae, qui
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5905 sunt illuminatio intellectus, et inflammatio affectus. Et sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5906 manifestum est quod una non potest esse sine alia, quia neutra est
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
5907 sine gratia gratum faciente, nec una persona separatur ab alia.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 6</h3><p title="I q. 43 a. 6 arg. 1"><a name="30252"><span class="ref">[30252] Iª q. 43 a. 6 arg. 1</span></a> Ad sextum sic
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5908 proceditur. Videtur quod missio invisibilis non fiat ad omnes qui
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5909 sunt participes gratiae. Patres enim veteris testamenti gratiae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5910 participes fuerunt. Sed ad illos non videtur fuisse facta missio
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5911 invisibilis, dicitur enim Ioan. VII, <i>nondum erat spiritus datus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5912 quia nondum erat Iesus glorificatus</i>. Ergo missio invisibilis
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
5913 non fit ad omnes qui sunt participes gratiae.</p><p title="I q. 43 a. 6 arg. 2"><a name="30253"><span class="ref">[30253] Iª q. 43 a. 6 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5914 profectus in virtute non est nisi per gratiam. Sed missio
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5915 invisibilis non videtur attendi secundum profectum virtutis, quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5916 profectus virtutis videtur esse continuus, cum caritas semper aut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5917 proficiat aut deficiat; et sic missio esset continua. Ergo missio
53
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parents: 28
diff changeset
5918 invisibilis non fit ad omnes participes gratiae.</p><p title="I q. 43 a. 6 arg. 3"><a name="30254"><span class="ref">[30254] Iª q. 43 a. 6 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5919 Christus et beati plenissime habent gratiam. Sed ad eos non videtur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5920 fieri missio, quia missio fit ad aliquid distans; Christus autem,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5921 secundum quod homo, et omnes beati perfecte sunt uniti Deo. Non
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
5922 ergo ad omnes participes gratiae fit missio invisibilis.</p><p title="I q. 43 a. 6 arg. 4"><a name="30255"><span class="ref">[30255] Iª q. 43 a. 6 arg. 4</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5923 sacramenta novae legis continent gratiam. Nec tamen ad ea dicitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5924 fieri missio invisibilis. Non ergo ad omnia quae habent gratiam,
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
5925 fit missio invisibilis.</p><p title="I q. 43 a. 6 s. c."><a name="30256"><span class="ref">[30256] Iª q. 43 a. 6 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5926 quod, secundum Augustinum, missio invisibilis fit ad sanctificandam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5927 creaturam. Omnis autem creatura habens gratiam sanctificatur. Ergo
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
5928 ad omnem creaturam huiusmodi fit missio invisibilis.</p><p title="I q. 43 a. 6 co."><a name="30257"><span class="ref">[30257] Iª q. 43 a. 6 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5929 quod, sicut supra dictum est, missio de sui ratione importat quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5930 ille qui mittitur vel incipiat esse ubi prius non fuit, sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5931 accidit in rebus creatis; vel incipiat esse ubi prius fuit, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5932 quodam modo novo, secundum quod missio attribuitur divinis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5933 personis. Sic ergo in eo ad quem fit missio, oportet duo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5934 considerare, scilicet inhabitationem gratiae, et innovationem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5935 quandam per gratiam. Ad omnes ergo fit missio invisibilis, in
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
5936 quibus haec duo inveniuntur.</p><p title="I q. 43 a. 6 ad 1"><a name="30258"><span class="ref">[30258] Iª q. 43 a. 6 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5937 dicendum quod missio invisibilis est facta ad patres veteris
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5938 testamenti. Unde dicit Augustinus, IV de Trin., quod secundum quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5939 filius mittitur invisibiliter, <i>fit in hominibus aut cum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5940 hominibus; hoc autem antea factum est in patribus et prophetis</i>.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5941 Quod ergo dicitur, nondum erat datus spiritus, intelligitur de illa
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
5942 datione cum signo visibili, quae facta est in die Pentecostes.</p><p title="I q. 43 a. 6 ad 2"><a name="30259"><span class="ref">[30259] Iª q. 43 a. 6 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5943 dicendum quod etiam secundum profectum virtutis, aut augmentum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5944 gratiae, fit missio invisibilis. Unde Augustinus dicit, IV de
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5945 Trin., quod <i>tunc cuiquam mittitur filius, cum a quoquam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5946 cognoscitur atque percipitur, quantum cognosci et percipi potest
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5947 pro captu vel proficientis in Deum, vel perfectae in Deo animae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5948 rationalis</i>. Sed tamen secundum illud augmentum gratiae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5949 praecipue missio invisibilis attenditur, quando aliquis proficit in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5950 aliquem novum actum, vel novum statum gratiae, ut puta cum aliquis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5951 proficit in gratiam miraculorum aut prophetiae, vel in hoc quod ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5952 fervore caritatis exponit se martyrio, aut abrenuntiat his quae
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
5953 possidet, aut quodcumque opus arduum aggreditur.</p><p title="I q. 43 a. 6 ad 3"><a name="30260"><span class="ref">[30260] Iª q. 43 a. 6 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5954 dicendum quod ad beatos est facta missio invisibilis in ipso
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5955 principio beatitudinis. Postmodum autem ad eos fit missio
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5956 invisibilis, non secundum intensionem gratiae, sed secundum quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5957 aliqua mysteria eis revelantur de novo, quod est usque ad diem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5958 iudicii. Quod quidem augmentum attenditur secundum extensionem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5959 gratiae ad plura se extendentis. Ad Christum autem fuit facta
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5960 invisibilis missio in principio suae conceptionis, non autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5961 postea, cum a principio suae conceptionis fuerit plenus omni
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
5962 sapientia et gratia.</p><p title="I q. 43 a. 6 ad 4"><a name="30261"><span class="ref">[30261] Iª q. 43 a. 6 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5963 dicendum quod gratia est in sacramentis novae legis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5964 instrumentaliter, sicut forma artificiati est in instrumentis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5965 artis, secundum quendam decursum ab agente in patiens. Missio autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5966 non dicitur fieri nisi respectu termini. Unde missio divinae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5967 personae non fit ad sacramenta, sed ad eos qui per sacramenta
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
5968 gratiam suscipiunt.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 7</h3><p title="I q. 43 a. 7 arg. 1"><a name="30262"><span class="ref">[30262] Iª q. 43 a. 7 arg. 1</span></a> Ad septimum sic
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5969 proceditur. Videtur quod spiritui sancto non conveniat visibiliter
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5970 mitti. Filius enim, secundum quod visibiliter missus est in mundum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5971 dicitur esse minor patre. Sed nunquam legitur spiritus sanctus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5972 minor patre. Ergo spiritui sancto non convenit visibiliter
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
5973 mitti.</p><p title="I q. 43 a. 7 arg. 2"><a name="30263"><span class="ref">[30263] Iª q. 43 a. 7 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5974 missio visibilis attenditur secundum aliquam creaturam visibilem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5975 assumptam, sicut missio filii secundum carnem. Sed spiritus sanctus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5976 non assumpsit aliquam creaturam visibilem. Unde non potest dici
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5977 quod in aliquibus creaturis visibilibus sit alio modo quam in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5978 aliis, nisi forte sicut in signo; sicut est etiam in sacramentis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5979 et in omnibus figuris legalibus. Non ergo spiritus sanctus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5980 visibiliter mittitur, vel oportet dicere quod secundum omnia
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
5981 huiusmodi, eius missio visibilis attenditur.</p><p title="I q. 43 a. 7 arg. 3"><a name="30264"><span class="ref">[30264] Iª q. 43 a. 7 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5982 quaelibet creatura visibilis est effectus demonstrans totam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5983 Trinitatem. Non ergo per illas creaturas visibiles magis mittitur
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
5984 spiritus sanctus quam alia persona.</p><p title="I q. 43 a. 7 arg. 4"><a name="30265"><span class="ref">[30265] Iª q. 43 a. 7 arg. 4</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5985 filius visibiliter est missus secundum dignissimam visibilium
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5986 creaturarum, scilicet secundum naturam humanam. Si igitur spiritus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5987 sanctus visibiliter mittitur, debuit mitti secundum aliquas
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
5988 creaturas rationales.</p><p title="I q. 43 a. 7 arg. 5"><a name="30266"><span class="ref">[30266] Iª q. 43 a. 7 arg. 5</span></a> Praeterea, quae
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5989 visibiliter fiunt divinitus, dispensantur per ministerium
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5990 Angelorum, ut Augustinus dicit, III de Trin. Si ergo aliquae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5991 species visibiles apparuerunt, hoc factum fuit per Angelos. Et sic
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
5992 ipsi Angeli mittuntur, et non spiritus sanctus.</p><p title="I q. 43 a. 7 arg. 6"><a name="30267"><span class="ref">[30267] Iª q. 43 a. 7 arg. 6</span></a> Praeterea, si
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5993 spiritus sanctus visibiliter mittatur, hoc non est nisi ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5994 manifestandum invisibilem missionem, quia invisibilia per visibilia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5995 manifestantur. Ergo ad quem missio invisibilis facta non fuit, nec
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5996 missio visibilis fieri debuit, et ad omnes ad quos fit missio
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5997 invisibilis, sive in novo sive in veteri testamento, missio
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5998 visibilis fieri debet, quod patet esse falsum. Non ergo spiritus
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
5999 sanctus visibiliter mittitur.</p><p title="I q. 43 a. 7 s. c."><a name="30268"><span class="ref">[30268] Iª q. 43 a. 7 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6000 quod dicitur Matth. III, quod spiritus sanctus descendit super
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
6001 dominum baptizatum in specie columbae.</p><p title="I q. 43 a. 7 co."><a name="30269"><span class="ref">[30269] Iª q. 43 a. 7 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6002 quod Deus providet omnibus secundum uniuscuiusque modum. Est autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6003 modus connaturalis hominis, ut per visibilia ad invisibilia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6004 manuducatur, ut ex supra dictis patet, et ideo invisibilia Dei
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6005 oportuit homini per visibilia manifestari. Sicut igitur seipsum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6006 Deus, et processiones aeternas personarum, per creaturas visibiles,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6007 secundum aliqua indicia, hominibus quodammodo demonstravit; ita
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6008 conveniens fuit ut etiam invisibiles missiones divinarum personarum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6009 secundum aliquas visibiles creaturas manifestarentur. Aliter tamen
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6010 filius et spiritus sanctus. Nam spiritui sancto, inquantum procedit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6011 ut amor, competit esse sanctificationis donum, filio autem,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6012 inquantum est spiritus sancti principium, competit esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6013 sanctificationis huius auctorem. Et ideo filius visibiliter missus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6014 est tanquam sanctificationis auctor, sed spiritus sanctus tanquam
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
6015 sanctificationis indicium.</p><p title="I q. 43 a. 7 ad 1"><a name="30270"><span class="ref">[30270] Iª q. 43 a. 7 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6016 dicendum quod filius creaturam visibilem in qua apparuit, in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6017 unitatem personae assumpsit, sic ut quod de illa creatura dicitur,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6018 de filio Dei dici possit. Et sic, ratione naturae assumptae, filius
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6019 dicitur minor patre. Sed spiritus sanctus non assumpsit creaturam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6020 visibilem in qua apparuit, in unitatem personae, ut quod illi
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6021 convenit, de illo praedicetur. Unde non potest dici minor patre
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
6022 propter visibilem creaturam.</p><p title="I q. 43 a. 7 ad 2"><a name="30271"><span class="ref">[30271] Iª q. 43 a. 7 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6023 dicendum quod missio visibilis spiritus sancti non attenditur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6024 secundum visionem imaginariam, quae est visio prophetica. Quia, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6025 Augustinus dicit, II de Trin., <i>visio prophetica non est exhibita
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6026 corporeis oculis per formas corporeas, sed in spiritu per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6027 spirituales corporum imagines, columbam vero illam et ignem oculis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6028 viderunt quicumque viderunt. Neque iterum sic se habuit spiritus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6029 sanctus ad huiusmodi species, sicut filius ad petram (quia dicitur,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6030 petra erat Christus). Illa enim petra iam erat in creatura, et per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6031 actionis modum nuncupata est nomine Christi, quem significabat, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6032 illa columba et ignis ad haec tantum significanda repente
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6033 extiterunt. Sed videntur esse similia flammae illi quae in rubo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6034 apparuit Moysi, et illi columnae quam populus in eremo sequebatur,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6035 et fulgoribus ac tonitruis quae fiebant cum lex daretur in monte,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6036 ad hoc enim rerum illarum corporalis extitit species, ut aliquid
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6037 significaret, atque praeteriret</i>. Sic igitur patet quod missio
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6038 visibilis neque attenditur secundum visiones propheticas, quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6039 fuerunt imaginariae, et non corporales, neque secundum signa
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6040 sacramentalia veteris et novi testamenti, in quibus quaedam res
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6041 praeexistentes assumuntur ad aliquid significandum. Sed spiritus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6042 sanctus visibiliter dicitur esse missus, inquantum fuit monstratus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6043 in quibusdam creaturis, sicut in signis, ad hoc specialiter
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
6044 factis.</p><p title="I q. 43 a. 7 ad 3"><a name="30272"><span class="ref">[30272] Iª q. 43 a. 7 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6045 dicendum quod, licet illas creaturas visibiles tota Trinitas
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6046 operata sit, tamen factae sunt ad demonstrandum specialiter hanc
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6047 vel illam personam. Sicut enim diversis nominibus significantur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6048 pater et filius et spiritus sanctus, ita etiam diversis rebus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6049 significari potuerunt; quamvis inter eos nulla sit separatio aut
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
6050 diversitas.</p><p title="I q. 43 a. 7 ad 4"><a name="30273"><span class="ref">[30273] Iª q. 43 a. 7 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6051 dicendum quod personam filii declarari oportuit ut sanctificationis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6052 auctorem, ut dictum est, et ideo oportuit quod missio visibilis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6053 filii fieret secundum naturam rationalem, cuius est agere, et cui
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6054 potest competere sanctificare. Indicium autem sanctificationis esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6055 potuit quaecumque alia creatura. Neque oportuit quod creatura
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6056 visibilis ad hoc formata, esset assumpta a spiritu sancto in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6057 unitatem personae, cum non assumeretur ad aliquid agendum, sed ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6058 indicandum tantum. Et propter hoc etiam non oportuit quod duraret,
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
6059 nisi quandiu perageret officium suum.</p><p title="I q. 43 a. 7 ad 5"><a name="30274"><span class="ref">[30274] Iª q. 43 a. 7 ad 5</span></a> Ad quintum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6060 dicendum quod illae creaturae visibiles formatae sunt ministerio
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6061 Angelorum, non tamen ad significandum personam Angeli, sed ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6062 significandam personam spiritus sancti. Quia igitur spiritus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6063 sanctus erat in illis creaturis visibilibus sicut signatum in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6064 signo, propter hoc secundum eas spiritus sanctus visibiliter mitti
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
6065 dicitur, et non Angelus.</p><p title="I q. 43 a. 7 ad 6"><a name="30275"><span class="ref">[30275] Iª q. 43 a. 7 ad 6</span></a> Ad sextum dicendum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6066 quod non est de necessitate invisibilis missionis, ut semper
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6067 manifestetur per aliquod signum visibile exterius, sed, sicut
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6068 dicitur I Cor. XII, <i>manifestatio spiritus datur alicui ad
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6069 utilitatem</i>, scilicet Ecclesiae. Quae quidem utilitas est, ut
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diff changeset
6070 per huiusmodi visibilia signa fides confirmetur et propagetur. Quod
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6071 quidem principaliter factum est per Christum et per apostolos,
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6072 secundum illud Hebr. II, <i>cum initium accepisset enarrari per
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6073 dominum, ab eis qui audierunt in nos confirmata est</i>. Et ideo
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6074 specialiter debuit fieri missio visibilis spiritus sancti ad
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diff changeset
6075 Christum et ad apostolos, et ad aliquos primitivos sanctos, in
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diff changeset
6076 quibus quodammodo Ecclesia fundabatur, ita tamen quod visibilis
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diff changeset
6077 missio facta ad Christum, demonstraret missionem invisibilem non
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6078 tunc, sed in principio suae conceptionis, ad eum factam. Facta
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6079 autem est missio visibilis ad Christum, in Baptismo quidem sub
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diff changeset
6080 specie columbae, quod est animal fecundum, ad ostendendum in
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diff changeset
6081 Christo auctoritatem donandi gratiam per spiritualem
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diff changeset
6082 regenerationem, unde vox patris intonuit, <i>hic est filius meus
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diff changeset
6083 dilectus</i>, ut ad similitudinem unigeniti alii regenerarentur. In
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diff changeset
6084 transfiguratione vero, sub specie nubis lucidae, ad ostendendam
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diff changeset
6085 exuberantiam doctrinae, unde dictum est, <i>ipsum audite</i>. Ad
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diff changeset
6086 apostolos autem, sub specie flatus, ad ostendendam potestatem
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diff changeset
6087 ministerii in dispensatione sacramentorum, unde dictum est eis,
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diff changeset
6088 <i>quorum remiseritis peccata, remittuntur eis</i>. Sed sub linguis
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diff changeset
6089 igneis, ad ostendendum officium doctrinae, unde dicitur quod
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diff changeset
6090 <i>coeperunt loqui variis linguis</i>. Ad patres autem veteris
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diff changeset
6091 testamenti, missio visibilis spiritus sancti fieri non debuit quia
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diff changeset
6092 prius debuit perfici missio visibilis filii quam spiritus sancti,
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diff changeset
6093 cum spiritus sanctus manifestet filium, sicut filius patrem.
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diff changeset
6094 Fuerunt tamen factae visibiles apparitiones divinarum personarum
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diff changeset
6095 patribus veteris testamenti. Quae quidem missiones visibiles dici
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6096 non possunt, quia non fuerunt factae, secundum Augustinum, ad
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6097 designandum inhabitationem divinae personae per gratiam, sed ad
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6098 aliquid aliud manifestandum.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 8</h3><p title="I q. 43 a. 8 arg. 1"><a name="30276"><span class="ref">[30276] Iª q. 43 a. 8 arg. 1</span></a> Ad octavum sic
28
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6099 proceditur. Videtur quod nulla persona divina mittatur nisi ab ea a
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6100 qua procedit aeternaliter. Quia, sicut dicit Augustinus, IV de
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diff changeset
6101 Trin., <i>pater a nullo mittitur, quia a nullo est</i>. Si ergo
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diff changeset
6102 aliqua persona divina mittitur ab alia, oportet quod sit ab
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6103 illa.</p><p title="I q. 43 a. 8 arg. 2"><a name="30277"><span class="ref">[30277] Iª q. 43 a. 8 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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diff changeset
6104 mittens habet auctoritatem respectu missi. Sed respectu divinae
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diff changeset
6105 personae non potest haberi auctoritas nisi secundum originem. Ergo
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6106 oportet quod divina persona quae mittitur, sit a persona
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6107 mittente.</p><p title="I q. 43 a. 8 arg. 3"><a name="30278"><span class="ref">[30278] Iª q. 43 a. 8 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea, si
28
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6108 persona divina potest mitti ab eo a quo non est, nihil prohibebit
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6109 dicere quod spiritus sanctus detur ab homine, quamvis non sit ab
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6110 eo. Quod est contra Augustinum, XV de Trin. Ergo divina persona non
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6111 mittitur nisi ab ea a qua est.</p><p title="I q. 43 a. 8 s. c."><a name="30279"><span class="ref">[30279] Iª q. 43 a. 8 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28
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6112 quod filius mittitur a spiritu sancto, secundum illud Isaiae
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diff changeset
6113 XLVIII, <i>et nunc misit me dominus Deus, et spiritus eius</i>.
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6114 Filius autem non est a spiritu sancto. Ergo persona divina mittitur
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6115 ab ea a qua non est.</p><p title="I q. 43 a. 8 co."><a name="30280"><span class="ref">[30280] Iª q. 43 a. 8 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
28
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6116 quod circa hoc inveniuntur aliqui diversimode locuti esse. Secundum
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6117 quosdam enim, persona divina non mittitur nisi ab eo a quo est
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6118 aeternaliter. Et secundum hoc, cum dicitur filius Dei missus a
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6119 spiritu sancto, referendum est hoc ad humanam naturam, secundum
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diff changeset
6120 quam missus est ad praedicandum a spiritu sancto. Augustinus autem
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diff changeset
6121 dicit, II de Trin., quod filius mittitur et a se et a spiritu
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6122 sancto; et spiritus sanctus etiam mittitur et a se et a filio, ut
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diff changeset
6123 sic mitti in divinis non conveniat cuilibet personae, sed solum
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6124 personae ab alio existenti; mittere autem conveniat cuilibet
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6125 personae. Utrumque autem habet aliquo modo veritatem. Quia cum
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diff changeset
6126 dicitur aliqua persona mitti, designatur et ipsa persona ab alio
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6127 existens, et effectus visibilis aut invisibilis, secundum quem
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diff changeset
6128 missio divinae personae attenditur. Si igitur mittens designetur ut
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diff changeset
6129 principium personae quae mittitur, sic non quaelibet persona
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6130 mittit, sed solum illa cui convenit esse principium illius
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6131 personae. Et sic filius mittitur tantum a patre, spiritus sanctus
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6132 autem a patre et filio. Si vero persona mittens intelligatur esse
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6133 principium effectus secundum quem attenditur missio, sic tota
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6134 Trinitas mittit personam missam. Non autem propter hoc homo dat
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6135 spiritum sanctum, quia nec effectum gratiae potest causare.</p><p title="I q. 43 a. 8 ad arg."><a name="30281"><span class="ref">[30281] Iª q. 43 a. 8 ad arg.</span></a> Et per hoc
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6136 patet solutio ad obiecta.</p></div></div><div class="centro"><br/>
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6137 <p><a href="sth1015.html"><img alt="age retro" border="0" align="middle" height="19" width="19" src="icons/ageretro.gif"/></a>  
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6138 <a href="sth1044.html"><img alt="age ultra" border="0" align="middle" height="19" width="19" src="icons/ageultra.gif"/></a></p>
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6139 <br/>
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6140 <hr/>
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6141 <br/>
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6142 <address>© 2006 Fundación Tomás de Aquino quoad
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6143 hanc editionem<br/>
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6144 Iura omnia asservantur<br/>
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6145 OCLC nr. <a style="text-decoration=none" href="http://worldcatlibraries.org/wcpa/oclc/49644264">49644264</a></address>
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6146 </div></body>
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6147 </html>