Aquinas: summa/latin/sth3027.html annotate

annotate summa/latin/sth3027.html @ 131:b97d856cd2bb

complete

author	ht
date	Sat, 13 Jul 2024 18:06:43 +0000
parents	d777cc3962f2
children

rev	line source
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2 <!DOCTYPE html
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	3 PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "file:///c:/cygwin/usr/local/share/lib/xml/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	4 <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="LA" lang="LA">
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5 <head>
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	6 <meta content="HTML Tidy for Windows (vers 1st February 2005), see www.w3.org" name="generator"/>
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	7 <meta content="text/html; charset=us-ascii" http-equiv="Content-Type"/>
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	8 <meta content="text/css" http-equiv="Content-Style-Type"/>
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	9 <meta content="text/javascript" http-equiv="Content-Script-Type"/>
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	10 <meta content="Thomas de Aquino, Summa Theologiae, Corpus Thomisticum" name="keywords"/>
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	11 <meta content="Latin" name="language"/>
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	12 <meta content="public" name="security"/>
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	13 <meta content="ealarcon@unav.es" name="owner"/>
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	14 <meta content="Enrique Alarcón" name="author"/>
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	15 <meta content="" name="abstract"/>
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	16 <link type="text/css" href="vscreen.css" media="screen" rel="stylesheet"/>
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	17 <link type="text/css" href="vprint.css" media="print" rel="stylesheet"/>
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	18 <title>Thomas de Aquino, Summa Theologiae, IIª-IIae q.
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	19 27-33</title>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	20 </head>
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	21 <body><a href="http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/"/><div class="tres">CORPUS THOMISTICUM</div><div class="uno">Sancti Thomae de Aquino</div><div class="uno">Summa Theologiae</div><div class="dos">secunda pars secundae partis a quaestione XXVII ad
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	22 XXXIII</div><div class="centro">
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	23 <table summary="Imago" align="center">
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	24 <tr>
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	25 <th><img align="middle" alt="Thomas de Aquino a Filippino Lippi depictus (Cappella Carafa, S. Maria sopra Minerva, Roma)" border="0" height="190" width="275" src="icons/fugit190.jpg"/></th>
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	26 </tr>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	27 </table>
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	28 <br/>
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	29 <span class="tres">Textum Leoninum Romae 1895 editum<br/>
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	30 ac automato translatum a Roberto Busa SJ in taenias
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	31 magneticas<br/>
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	32 denuo recognovit Enrique Alarcón atque instruxit<br/>
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	33 <br/></span><br/>
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	34 <hr/>
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	35 <br/>
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	36 <p><a href="sth3025.html"><img alt="age retro" border="0" align="middle" height="19" width="19" src="icons/ageretro.gif"/></a>
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	37 <a href="sth3034.html"><img alt="age ultra" border="0" align="middle" height="19" width="19" src="icons/ageultra.gif"/></a></p>
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	38 <script type="text/javascript" language="JavaScript">
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	39 //
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	40 <!--
26 4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	41 // original code by Bill Trefzger 12/12/96; revised by Enrique Alarcon 12/9/2000
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	42 function go(){if(document.selecter.select1.options[document.selecter.select1.selectedIndex].value !="none"){location=document.selecter.select1.options[document.selecter.select1.selectedIndex].value}}
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	43 document.write('<FORM NAME="selecter"><SELECT NAME="select1">');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	44 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="none">INDEX');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	45 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="none">------------------------------------------------');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	46 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="index.html">Corpus Thomisticum');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	47 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="iopera.html">Opera omnia');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	48 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="zbiblia.html">Bibliographia Thomistica');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	49 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="none">------------------------------------------------');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	50 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40093">II&ordf;-IIae q. 27 pr.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	51 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40094">II&ordf;-IIae q. 27 a. 1 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	52 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40095">II&ordf;-IIae q. 27 a. 1 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	53 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40096">II&ordf;-IIae q. 27 a. 1 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	54 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40097">II&ordf;-IIae q. 27 a. 1 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	55 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40098">II&ordf;-IIae q. 27 a. 1 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	56 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40099">II&ordf;-IIae q. 27 a. 1 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	57 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40100">II&ordf;-IIae q. 27 a. 1 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	58 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40101">II&ordf;-IIae q. 27 a. 1 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	59 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40102">II&ordf;-IIae q. 27 a. 2 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	60 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40103">II&ordf;-IIae q. 27 a. 2 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	61 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40104">II&ordf;-IIae q. 27 a. 2 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	62 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40105">II&ordf;-IIae q. 27 a. 2 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	63 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40106">II&ordf;-IIae q. 27 a. 2 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	64 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40107">II&ordf;-IIae q. 27 a. 2 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	65 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40108">II&ordf;-IIae q. 27 a. 2 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	66 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40109">II&ordf;-IIae q. 27 a. 2 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	67 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40110">II&ordf;-IIae q. 27 a. 3 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	68 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40111">II&ordf;-IIae q. 27 a. 3 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	69 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40112">II&ordf;-IIae q. 27 a. 3 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	70 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40113">II&ordf;-IIae q. 27 a. 3 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	71 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40114">II&ordf;-IIae q. 27 a. 3 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	72 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40115">II&ordf;-IIae q. 27 a. 3 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	73 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40116">II&ordf;-IIae q. 27 a. 3 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	74 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40117">II&ordf;-IIae q. 27 a. 3 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	75 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40118">II&ordf;-IIae q. 27 a. 4 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	76 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40119">II&ordf;-IIae q. 27 a. 4 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	77 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40120">II&ordf;-IIae q. 27 a. 4 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	78 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40121">II&ordf;-IIae q. 27 a. 4 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	79 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40122">II&ordf;-IIae q. 27 a. 4 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	80 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40123">II&ordf;-IIae q. 27 a. 4 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	81 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40124">II&ordf;-IIae q. 27 a. 4 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	82 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40125">II&ordf;-IIae q. 27 a. 4 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	83 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40126">II&ordf;-IIae q. 27 a. 5 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	84 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40127">II&ordf;-IIae q. 27 a. 5 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	85 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40128">II&ordf;-IIae q. 27 a. 5 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	86 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40129">II&ordf;-IIae q. 27 a. 5 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	87 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40130">II&ordf;-IIae q. 27 a. 5 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	88 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40131">II&ordf;-IIae q. 27 a. 5 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	89 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40132">II&ordf;-IIae q. 27 a. 6 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	90 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40133">II&ordf;-IIae q. 27 a. 6 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	91 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40134">II&ordf;-IIae q. 27 a. 6 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	92 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40135">II&ordf;-IIae q. 27 a. 6 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	93 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40136">II&ordf;-IIae q. 27 a. 6 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	94 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40137">II&ordf;-IIae q. 27 a. 6 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	95 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40138">II&ordf;-IIae q. 27 a. 6 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	96 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40139">II&ordf;-IIae q. 27 a. 6 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	97 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40140">II&ordf;-IIae q. 27 a. 7 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	98 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40141">II&ordf;-IIae q. 27 a. 7 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	99 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40142">II&ordf;-IIae q. 27 a. 7 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	100 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40143">II&ordf;-IIae q. 27 a. 7 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	101 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40144">II&ordf;-IIae q. 27 a. 7 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	102 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40145">II&ordf;-IIae q. 27 a. 7 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	103 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40146">II&ordf;-IIae q. 27 a. 7 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	104 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40147">II&ordf;-IIae q. 27 a. 8 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	105 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40148">II&ordf;-IIae q. 27 a. 8 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	106 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40149">II&ordf;-IIae q. 27 a. 8 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	107 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40150">II&ordf;-IIae q. 27 a. 8 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	108 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40151">II&ordf;-IIae q. 27 a. 8 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	109 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40152">II&ordf;-IIae q. 27 a. 8 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	110 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40153">II&ordf;-IIae q. 27 a. 8 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	111 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40154">II&ordf;-IIae q. 27 a. 8 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	112 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40155">II&ordf;-IIae q. 28 pr.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	113 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40156">II&ordf;-IIae q. 28 a. 1 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	114 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40157">II&ordf;-IIae q. 28 a. 1 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	115 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40158">II&ordf;-IIae q. 28 a. 1 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	116 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40159">II&ordf;-IIae q. 28 a. 1 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	117 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40160">II&ordf;-IIae q. 28 a. 1 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	118 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40161">II&ordf;-IIae q. 28 a. 1 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	119 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40162">II&ordf;-IIae q. 28 a. 1 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	120 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40163">II&ordf;-IIae q. 28 a. 1 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	121 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40164">II&ordf;-IIae q. 28 a. 2 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	122 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40165">II&ordf;-IIae q. 28 a. 2 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	123 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40166">II&ordf;-IIae q. 28 a. 2 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	124 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40167">II&ordf;-IIae q. 28 a. 2 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	125 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40168">II&ordf;-IIae q. 28 a. 2 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	126 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40169">II&ordf;-IIae q. 28 a. 2 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	127 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40170">II&ordf;-IIae q. 28 a. 2 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	128 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40171">II&ordf;-IIae q. 28 a. 2 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	129 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40172">II&ordf;-IIae q. 28 a. 3 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	130 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40173">II&ordf;-IIae q. 28 a. 3 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	131 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40174">II&ordf;-IIae q. 28 a. 3 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	132 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40175">II&ordf;-IIae q. 28 a. 3 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	133 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40176">II&ordf;-IIae q. 28 a. 3 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	134 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40177">II&ordf;-IIae q. 28 a. 3 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	135 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40178">II&ordf;-IIae q. 28 a. 3 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	136 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40179">II&ordf;-IIae q. 28 a. 3 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	137 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40180">II&ordf;-IIae q. 28 a. 4 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	138 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40181">II&ordf;-IIae q. 28 a. 4 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	139 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40182">II&ordf;-IIae q. 28 a. 4 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	140 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40183">II&ordf;-IIae q. 28 a. 4 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	141 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40184">II&ordf;-IIae q. 28 a. 4 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	142 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40185">II&ordf;-IIae q. 28 a. 4 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	143 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40186">II&ordf;-IIae q. 28 a. 4 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	144 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40187">II&ordf;-IIae q. 28 a. 4 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	145 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40188">II&ordf;-IIae q. 29 pr.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	146 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40189">II&ordf;-IIae q. 29 a. 1 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	147 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40190">II&ordf;-IIae q. 29 a. 1 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	148 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40191">II&ordf;-IIae q. 29 a. 1 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	149 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40192">II&ordf;-IIae q. 29 a. 1 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	150 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40193">II&ordf;-IIae q. 29 a. 1 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	151 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40194">II&ordf;-IIae q. 29 a. 1 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	152 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40195">II&ordf;-IIae q. 29 a. 1 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	153 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40196">II&ordf;-IIae q. 29 a. 1 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	154 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40197">II&ordf;-IIae q. 29 a. 2 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	155 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40198">II&ordf;-IIae q. 29 a. 2 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	156 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40199">II&ordf;-IIae q. 29 a. 2 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	157 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40200">II&ordf;-IIae q. 29 a. 2 arg. 4');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	158 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40201">II&ordf;-IIae q. 29 a. 2 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	159 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40202">II&ordf;-IIae q. 29 a. 2 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	160 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40203">II&ordf;-IIae q. 29 a. 2 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	161 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40204">II&ordf;-IIae q. 29 a. 2 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	162 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40205">II&ordf;-IIae q. 29 a. 2 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	163 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40206">II&ordf;-IIae q. 29 a. 2 ad 4');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	164 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40207">II&ordf;-IIae q. 29 a. 3 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	165 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40208">II&ordf;-IIae q. 29 a. 3 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	166 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40209">II&ordf;-IIae q. 29 a. 3 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	167 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40210">II&ordf;-IIae q. 29 a. 3 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	168 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40211">II&ordf;-IIae q. 29 a. 3 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	169 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40212">II&ordf;-IIae q. 29 a. 3 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	170 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40213">II&ordf;-IIae q. 29 a. 3 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	171 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40214">II&ordf;-IIae q. 29 a. 3 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	172 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40215">II&ordf;-IIae q. 29 a. 4 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	173 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40216">II&ordf;-IIae q. 29 a. 4 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	174 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40217">II&ordf;-IIae q. 29 a. 4 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	175 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40218">II&ordf;-IIae q. 29 a. 4 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	176 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40219">II&ordf;-IIae q. 29 a. 4 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	177 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40220">II&ordf;-IIae q. 29 a. 4 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	178 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40221">II&ordf;-IIae q. 29 a. 4 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	179 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40222">II&ordf;-IIae q. 29 a. 4 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	180 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40223">II&ordf;-IIae q. 30 pr.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	181 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40224">II&ordf;-IIae q. 30 a. 1 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	182 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40225">II&ordf;-IIae q. 30 a. 1 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	183 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40226">II&ordf;-IIae q. 30 a. 1 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	184 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40227">II&ordf;-IIae q. 30 a. 1 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	185 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40228">II&ordf;-IIae q. 30 a. 1 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	186 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40229">II&ordf;-IIae q. 30 a. 1 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	187 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40230">II&ordf;-IIae q. 30 a. 1 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	188 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40231">II&ordf;-IIae q. 30 a. 1 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	189 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40232">II&ordf;-IIae q. 30 a. 2 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	190 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40233">II&ordf;-IIae q. 30 a. 2 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	191 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40234">II&ordf;-IIae q. 30 a. 2 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	192 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40235">II&ordf;-IIae q. 30 a. 2 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	193 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40236">II&ordf;-IIae q. 30 a. 2 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	194 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40237">II&ordf;-IIae q. 30 a. 2 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	195 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40238">II&ordf;-IIae q. 30 a. 2 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	196 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40239">II&ordf;-IIae q. 30 a. 2 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	197 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40240">II&ordf;-IIae q. 30 a. 3 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	198 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40241">II&ordf;-IIae q. 30 a. 3 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	199 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40242">II&ordf;-IIae q. 30 a. 3 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	200 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40243">II&ordf;-IIae q. 30 a. 3 arg. 4');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	201 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40244">II&ordf;-IIae q. 30 a. 3 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	202 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40245">II&ordf;-IIae q. 30 a. 3 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	203 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40246">II&ordf;-IIae q. 30 a. 3 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	204 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40247">II&ordf;-IIae q. 30 a. 3 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	205 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40248">II&ordf;-IIae q. 30 a. 3 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	206 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40249">II&ordf;-IIae q. 30 a. 3 ad 4');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	207 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40250">II&ordf;-IIae q. 30 a. 4 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	208 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40251">II&ordf;-IIae q. 30 a. 4 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	209 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40252">II&ordf;-IIae q. 30 a. 4 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	210 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40253">II&ordf;-IIae q. 30 a. 4 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	211 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40254">II&ordf;-IIae q. 30 a. 4 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	212 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40255">II&ordf;-IIae q. 30 a. 4 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	213 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40256">II&ordf;-IIae q. 30 a. 4 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	214 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40257">II&ordf;-IIae q. 30 a. 4 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	215 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40258">II&ordf;-IIae q. 31 pr.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	216 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40259">II&ordf;-IIae q. 31 a. 1 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	217 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40260">II&ordf;-IIae q. 31 a. 1 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	218 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40261">II&ordf;-IIae q. 31 a. 1 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	219 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40262">II&ordf;-IIae q. 31 a. 1 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	220 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40263">II&ordf;-IIae q. 31 a. 1 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	221 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40264">II&ordf;-IIae q. 31 a. 1 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	222 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40265">II&ordf;-IIae q. 31 a. 1 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	223 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40266">II&ordf;-IIae q. 31 a. 1 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	224 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40267">II&ordf;-IIae q. 31 a. 2 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	225 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40268">II&ordf;-IIae q. 31 a. 2 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	226 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40269">II&ordf;-IIae q. 31 a. 2 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	227 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40270">II&ordf;-IIae q. 31 a. 2 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	228 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40271">II&ordf;-IIae q. 31 a. 2 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	229 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40272">II&ordf;-IIae q. 31 a. 2 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	230 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40273">II&ordf;-IIae q. 31 a. 2 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	231 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40274">II&ordf;-IIae q. 31 a. 2 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	232 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40275">II&ordf;-IIae q. 31 a. 3 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	233 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40276">II&ordf;-IIae q. 31 a. 3 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	234 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40277">II&ordf;-IIae q. 31 a. 3 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	235 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40278">II&ordf;-IIae q. 31 a. 3 arg. 4');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	236 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40279">II&ordf;-IIae q. 31 a. 3 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	237 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40280">II&ordf;-IIae q. 31 a. 3 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	238 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40281">II&ordf;-IIae q. 31 a. 3 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	239 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40282">II&ordf;-IIae q. 31 a. 3 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	240 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40283">II&ordf;-IIae q. 31 a. 3 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	241 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40284">II&ordf;-IIae q. 31 a. 3 ad 4');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	242 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40285">II&ordf;-IIae q. 31 a. 4 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	243 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40286">II&ordf;-IIae q. 31 a. 4 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	244 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40287">II&ordf;-IIae q. 31 a. 4 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	245 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40288">II&ordf;-IIae q. 31 a. 4 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	246 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40289">II&ordf;-IIae q. 31 a. 4 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	247 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40290">II&ordf;-IIae q. 31 a. 4 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	248 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40291">II&ordf;-IIae q. 31 a. 4 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	249 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40292">II&ordf;-IIae q. 31 a. 4 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	250 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40293">II&ordf;-IIae q. 32 pr.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	251 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40294">II&ordf;-IIae q. 32 a. 1 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	252 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40295">II&ordf;-IIae q. 32 a. 1 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	253 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40296">II&ordf;-IIae q. 32 a. 1 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	254 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40297">II&ordf;-IIae q. 32 a. 1 arg. 4');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	255 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40298">II&ordf;-IIae q. 32 a. 1 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	256 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40299">II&ordf;-IIae q. 32 a. 1 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	257 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40300">II&ordf;-IIae q. 32 a. 1 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	258 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40301">II&ordf;-IIae q. 32 a. 1 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	259 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40302">II&ordf;-IIae q. 32 a. 1 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	260 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40303">II&ordf;-IIae q. 32 a. 1 ad 4');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	261 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40304">II&ordf;-IIae q. 32 a. 2 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	262 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40305">II&ordf;-IIae q. 32 a. 2 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	263 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40306">II&ordf;-IIae q. 32 a. 2 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	264 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40307">II&ordf;-IIae q. 32 a. 2 arg. 4');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	265 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40308">II&ordf;-IIae q. 32 a. 2 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	266 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40309">II&ordf;-IIae q. 32 a. 2 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	267 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40310">II&ordf;-IIae q. 32 a. 2 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	268 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40311">II&ordf;-IIae q. 32 a. 2 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	269 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40312">II&ordf;-IIae q. 32 a. 2 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	270 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40313">II&ordf;-IIae q. 32 a. 2 ad 4');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	271 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40314">II&ordf;-IIae q. 32 a. 3 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	272 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40315">II&ordf;-IIae q. 32 a. 3 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	273 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40316">II&ordf;-IIae q. 32 a. 3 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	274 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40317">II&ordf;-IIae q. 32 a. 3 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	275 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40318">II&ordf;-IIae q. 32 a. 3 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	276 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40319">II&ordf;-IIae q. 32 a. 3 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	277 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40320">II&ordf;-IIae q. 32 a. 3 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	278 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40321">II&ordf;-IIae q. 32 a. 3 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	279 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40322">II&ordf;-IIae q. 32 a. 4 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	280 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40323">II&ordf;-IIae q. 32 a. 4 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	281 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40324">II&ordf;-IIae q. 32 a. 4 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	282 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40325">II&ordf;-IIae q. 32 a. 4 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	283 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40326">II&ordf;-IIae q. 32 a. 4 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	284 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40327">II&ordf;-IIae q. 32 a. 4 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	285 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40328">II&ordf;-IIae q. 32 a. 4 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	286 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40329">II&ordf;-IIae q. 32 a. 4 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	287 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40330">II&ordf;-IIae q. 32 a. 5 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	288 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40331">II&ordf;-IIae q. 32 a. 5 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	289 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40332">II&ordf;-IIae q. 32 a. 5 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	290 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40333">II&ordf;-IIae q. 32 a. 5 arg. 4');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	291 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40334">II&ordf;-IIae q. 32 a. 5 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	292 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40335">II&ordf;-IIae q. 32 a. 5 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	293 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40336">II&ordf;-IIae q. 32 a. 5 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	294 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40337">II&ordf;-IIae q. 32 a. 5 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	295 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40338">II&ordf;-IIae q. 32 a. 5 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	296 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40339">II&ordf;-IIae q. 32 a. 5 ad 4');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	297 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40340">II&ordf;-IIae q. 32 a. 6 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	298 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40341">II&ordf;-IIae q. 32 a. 6 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	299 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40342">II&ordf;-IIae q. 32 a. 6 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	300 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40343">II&ordf;-IIae q. 32 a. 6 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	301 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40344">II&ordf;-IIae q. 32 a. 6 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	302 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40345">II&ordf;-IIae q. 32 a. 6 ad');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	303 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40346">II&ordf;-IIae q. 32 a. 7 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	304 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40347">II&ordf;-IIae q. 32 a. 7 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	305 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40348">II&ordf;-IIae q. 32 a. 7 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	306 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40349">II&ordf;-IIae q. 32 a. 7 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	307 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40350">II&ordf;-IIae q. 32 a. 7 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	308 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40351">II&ordf;-IIae q. 32 a. 7 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	309 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40352">II&ordf;-IIae q. 32 a. 7 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	310 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40353">II&ordf;-IIae q. 32 a. 7 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	311 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40354">II&ordf;-IIae q. 32 a. 8 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	312 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40355">II&ordf;-IIae q. 32 a. 8 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	313 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40356">II&ordf;-IIae q. 32 a. 8 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	314 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40357">II&ordf;-IIae q. 32 a. 8 arg. 4');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	315 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40358">II&ordf;-IIae q. 32 a. 8 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	316 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40359">II&ordf;-IIae q. 32 a. 8 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	317 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40360">II&ordf;-IIae q. 32 a. 8 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	318 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40361">II&ordf;-IIae q. 32 a. 8 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	319 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40362">II&ordf;-IIae q. 32 a. 8 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	320 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40363">II&ordf;-IIae q. 32 a. 8 ad 4');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	321 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40364">II&ordf;-IIae q. 32 a. 9 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	322 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40365">II&ordf;-IIae q. 32 a. 9 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	323 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40366">II&ordf;-IIae q. 32 a. 9 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	324 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40367">II&ordf;-IIae q. 32 a. 9 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	325 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40368">II&ordf;-IIae q. 32 a. 9 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	326 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40369">II&ordf;-IIae q. 32 a. 9 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	327 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40370">II&ordf;-IIae q. 32 a. 9 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	328 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40371">II&ordf;-IIae q. 32 a. 9 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	329 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40372">II&ordf;-IIae q. 32 a. 10 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	330 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40373">II&ordf;-IIae q. 32 a. 10 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	331 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40374">II&ordf;-IIae q. 32 a. 10 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	332 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40375">II&ordf;-IIae q. 32 a. 10 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	333 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40376">II&ordf;-IIae q. 32 a. 10 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	334 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40377">II&ordf;-IIae q. 32 a. 10 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	335 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40378">II&ordf;-IIae q. 32 a. 10 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	336 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40379">II&ordf;-IIae q. 32 a. 10 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	337 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40380">II&ordf;-IIae q. 33 pr.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	338 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40381">II&ordf;-IIae q. 33 a. 1 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	339 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40382">II&ordf;-IIae q. 33 a. 1 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	340 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40383">II&ordf;-IIae q. 33 a. 1 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	341 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40384">II&ordf;-IIae q. 33 a. 1 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	342 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40385">II&ordf;-IIae q. 33 a. 1 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	343 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40386">II&ordf;-IIae q. 33 a. 1 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	344 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40387">II&ordf;-IIae q. 33 a. 1 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	345 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40388">II&ordf;-IIae q. 33 a. 1 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	346 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40389">II&ordf;-IIae q. 33 a. 2 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	347 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40390">II&ordf;-IIae q. 33 a. 2 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	348 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40391">II&ordf;-IIae q. 33 a. 2 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	349 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40392">II&ordf;-IIae q. 33 a. 2 arg. 4');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	350 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40393">II&ordf;-IIae q. 33 a. 2 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	351 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40394">II&ordf;-IIae q. 33 a. 2 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	352 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40395">II&ordf;-IIae q. 33 a. 2 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	353 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40396">II&ordf;-IIae q. 33 a. 2 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	354 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40397">II&ordf;-IIae q. 33 a. 2 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	355 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40398">II&ordf;-IIae q. 33 a. 2 ad 4');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	356 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40399">II&ordf;-IIae q. 33 a. 3 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	357 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40400">II&ordf;-IIae q. 33 a. 3 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	358 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40401">II&ordf;-IIae q. 33 a. 3 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	359 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40402">II&ordf;-IIae q. 33 a. 3 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	360 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40403">II&ordf;-IIae q. 33 a. 3 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	361 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40404">II&ordf;-IIae q. 33 a. 3 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	362 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40405">II&ordf;-IIae q. 33 a. 3 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	363 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40406">II&ordf;-IIae q. 33 a. 3 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	364 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40407">II&ordf;-IIae q. 33 a. 4 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	365 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40408">II&ordf;-IIae q. 33 a. 4 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	366 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40409">II&ordf;-IIae q. 33 a. 4 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	367 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40410">II&ordf;-IIae q. 33 a. 4 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	368 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40411">II&ordf;-IIae q. 33 a. 4 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	369 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40412">II&ordf;-IIae q. 33 a. 4 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	370 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40413">II&ordf;-IIae q. 33 a. 4 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	371 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40414">II&ordf;-IIae q. 33 a. 4 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	372 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40415">II&ordf;-IIae q. 33 a. 5 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	373 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40416">II&ordf;-IIae q. 33 a. 5 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	374 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40417">II&ordf;-IIae q. 33 a. 5 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	375 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40418">II&ordf;-IIae q. 33 a. 5 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	376 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40419">II&ordf;-IIae q. 33 a. 5 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	377 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40420">II&ordf;-IIae q. 33 a. 5 ad');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	378 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40421">II&ordf;-IIae q. 33 a. 6 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	379 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40422">II&ordf;-IIae q. 33 a. 6 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	380 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40423">II&ordf;-IIae q. 33 a. 6 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	381 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40424">II&ordf;-IIae q. 33 a. 6 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	382 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40425">II&ordf;-IIae q. 33 a. 6 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	383 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40426">II&ordf;-IIae q. 33 a. 6 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	384 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40427">II&ordf;-IIae q. 33 a. 6 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	385 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40428">II&ordf;-IIae q. 33 a. 6 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	386 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40429">II&ordf;-IIae q. 33 a. 7 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	387 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40430">II&ordf;-IIae q. 33 a. 7 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	388 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40431">II&ordf;-IIae q. 33 a. 7 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	389 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40432">II&ordf;-IIae q. 33 a. 7 arg. 4');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	390 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40433">II&ordf;-IIae q. 33 a. 7 arg. 5');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	391 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40434">II&ordf;-IIae q. 33 a. 7 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	392 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40435">II&ordf;-IIae q. 33 a. 7 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	393 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40436">II&ordf;-IIae q. 33 a. 7 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	394 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40437">II&ordf;-IIae q. 33 a. 7 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	395 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40438">II&ordf;-IIae q. 33 a. 7 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	396 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40439">II&ordf;-IIae q. 33 a. 7 ad 4');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	397 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40440">II&ordf;-IIae q. 33 a. 7 ad 5');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	398 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40441">II&ordf;-IIae q. 33 a. 8 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	399 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40442">II&ordf;-IIae q. 33 a. 8 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	400 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40443">II&ordf;-IIae q. 33 a. 8 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	401 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40444">II&ordf;-IIae q. 33 a. 8 arg. 4');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	402 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40445">II&ordf;-IIae q. 33 a. 8 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	403 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40446">II&ordf;-IIae q. 33 a. 8 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	404 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40447">II&ordf;-IIae q. 33 a. 8 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	405 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40448">II&ordf;-IIae q. 33 a. 8 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	406 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40449">II&ordf;-IIae q. 33 a. 8 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	407 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40450">II&ordf;-IIae q. 33 a. 8 ad 4');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	408 document.write('<\/SELECT>');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	409 document.write('<BR><BR>');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	410 document.write('<INPUT TYPE="button" VALUE="Agedum" ONCLICK="go()">');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	411 document.write('<\/FORM>');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	412 // -->
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	413 //
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	414 </script><br/>
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	415 <hr/>
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	416 <br/></div><div class="q" id="q27"><h2>Quaestio 27</h2><div class="p"><h3>Prooemium</h3><p title="II-II q. 27 pr."><a name="40093"><span class="ref">[40093] IIª-IIae q. 27 pr.</span></a> Deinde
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	417 considerandum est de actu caritatis. Et primo, de principali actu
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	418 caritatis, qui est dilectio; secundo, de aliis actibus vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	419 effectibus consequentibus. Circa primum quaeruntur octo. Primo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	420 quid sit magis proprium caritatis, utrum amari vel amare. Secundo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	421 utrum amare, prout est actus caritatis, sit idem quod benevolentia.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	422 Tertio, utrum Deus sit propter seipsum amandus. Quarto, utrum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	423 possit in hac vita immediate amari. Quinto, utrum possit amari
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	424 totaliter. Sexto, utrum eius dilectio habeat modum. Septimo, quid
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	425 sit melius, utrum diligere amicum vel diligere inimicum. Octavo,
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	426 quid sit melius, utrum diligere Deum vel diligere proximum.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 1</h3><p title="II-II q. 27 a. 1 arg. 1"><a name="40094"><span class="ref">[40094] IIª-IIae q. 27 a. 1 arg. 1</span></a> Ad primum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	427 sic proceditur. Videtur quod caritatis magis sit proprium amari
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	428 quam amare. Caritas enim in melioribus melior invenitur. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	429 meliores debent magis amari. Ergo caritatis magis est proprium
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	430 amari.</p><p title="II-II q. 27 a. 1 arg. 2"><a name="40095"><span class="ref">[40095] IIª-IIae q. 27 a. 1 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	431 illud quod in pluribus invenitur videtur esse magis conveniens
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	432 naturae, et per consequens melius. Sed sicut dicit philosophus, in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	433 VIII Ethic., <i>multi magis volunt amari quam amare, propter quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	434 amatores adulationis sunt multi</i>. Ergo melius est amari quam
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	435 amare, et per consequens magis conveniens caritati.</p><p title="II-II q. 27 a. 1 arg. 3"><a name="40096"><span class="ref">[40096] IIª-IIae q. 27 a. 1 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	436 propter quod unumquodque, illud magis. Sed homines propter hoc quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	437 amantur, amant, dicit enim Augustinus, in libro de Catechiz. Rud.,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	438 quod <i>nulla est maior provocatio ad amandum quam praevenire
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	439 amando</i>. Ergo caritas magis consistit in amari quam in
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	440 amare.</p><p title="II-II q. 27 a. 1 s. c."><a name="40097"><span class="ref">[40097] IIª-IIae q. 27 a. 1 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	441 est quod philosophus dicit, in VIII Ethic., quod <i>magis existit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	442 amicitia in amare quam in amari</i>. Sed caritas est amicitia
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	443 quaedam. Ergo caritas magis consistit in amare quam in amari.</p><p title="II-II q. 27 a. 1 co."><a name="40098"><span class="ref">[40098] IIª-IIae q. 27 a. 1 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	444 dicendum quod amare convenit caritati inquantum est caritas.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	445 Caritas enim, cum sit virtus quaedam, secundum suam essentiam habet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	446 inclinationem ad proprium actum. Amari autem non est actus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	447 caritatis ipsius qui amatur, sed actus caritatis eius est amare;
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	448 amari autem competit ei secundum communem rationem boni, prout
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	449 scilicet ad eius bonum alius per actum caritatis movetur. Unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	450 manifestum est quod caritati magis convenit amare quam amari, magis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	451 enim convenit unicuique quod convenit ei per se et substantialiter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	452 quam quod convenit ei per aliud. Et huius duplex est signum. Primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	453 quidem, quia amici magis laudantur ex hoc quod amant quam ex hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	454 quod amantur, quinimmo si non amant et amentur, vituperantur.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	455 Secundo, quia matres, quae maxime amant, plus quaerunt amare quam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	456 amari, <i>quaedam enim</i>, ut philosophus dicit, in eodem libro,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	457 <i>filios suos dant nutrici, et amant quidem, reamari autem non
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	458 quaerunt, si non contingat</i>.</p><p title="II-II q. 27 a. 1 ad 1"><a name="40099"><span class="ref">[40099] IIª-IIae q. 27 a. 1 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	459 ergo dicendum quod meliores ex eo quod meliores sunt, sunt magis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	460 amabiles. Sed ex eo quod in eis est perfectior caritas, sunt magis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	461 amantes, secundum tamen proportionem amati. Non enim melior minus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	462 amat id quod infra ipsum est quam amabile sit, sed ille qui est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	463 minus bonus non attingit ad amandum meliorem quantum amabilis
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	464 est.</p><p title="II-II q. 27 a. 1 ad 2"><a name="40100"><span class="ref">[40100] IIª-IIae q. 27 a. 1 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	465 dicendum quod, sicut philosophus dicit ibidem, homines volunt amari
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	466 inquantum volunt honorari. Sicut enim honor exhibetur alicui ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	467 quoddam testimonium boni in ipso qui honoratur, ita per hoc quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	468 aliquis amatur ostenditur in ipso esse aliquod bonum, quia solum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	469 bonum amabile est. Sic igitur amari et honorari quaerunt homines
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	470 propter aliud, scilicet ad manifestationem boni in amato
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	471 existentis. Amare autem quaerunt caritatem habentes secundum se,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	472 quasi ipsum sit bonum caritatis, sicut et quilibet actus virtutis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	473 est bonum virtutis illius. Unde magis pertinet ad caritatem velle
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	474 amare quam velle amari.</p><p title="II-II q. 27 a. 1 ad 3"><a name="40101"><span class="ref">[40101] IIª-IIae q. 27 a. 1 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	475 dicendum quod propter amari aliqui amant, non ita quod amari sit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	476 finis eius quod est amare, sed eo quod est via quaedam ad hoc
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	477 inducens quod homo amet.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 2</h3><p title="II-II q. 27 a. 2 arg. 1"><a name="40102"><span class="ref">[40102] IIª-IIae q. 27 a. 2 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	478 secundum sic proceditur. Videtur quod amare, secundum quod est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	479 actus caritatis, nihil sit aliud quam benevolentia. Dicit enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	480 philosophus, in II Rhet. amare est velle alicui bona. Sed hoc est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	481 benevolentia. Ergo nihil aliud est actus caritatis quam
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	482 benevolentia.</p><p title="II-II q. 27 a. 2 arg. 2"><a name="40103"><span class="ref">[40103] IIª-IIae q. 27 a. 2 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	483 cuius est habitus, eius est actus. Sed habitus caritatis est in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	484 potentia voluntatis, ut supra dictum est. Ergo etiam actus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	485 caritatis est actus voluntatis. Sed non nisi in bonum tendens, quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	486 est benevolentia. Ergo actus caritatis nihil est aliud quam
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	487 benevolentia.</p><p title="II-II q. 27 a. 2 arg. 3"><a name="40104"><span class="ref">[40104] IIª-IIae q. 27 a. 2 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	488 philosophus, in IX Ethic., ponit quinque ad amicitiam pertinentia,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	489 quorum primum est quod homo velit amico bonum; secundum est quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	490 velit ei esse et vivere; tertium est quod ei convivat; quartum est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	491 quod eadem eligat; quintum est quod condoleat et congaudeat. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	492 prima duo ad benevolentiam pertinent. Ergo primus actus caritatis
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	493 est benevolentia.</p><p title="II-II q. 27 a. 2 s. c."><a name="40105"><span class="ref">[40105] IIª-IIae q. 27 a. 2 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	494 est quod philosophus dicit, in eodem libro, quod benevolentia neque
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	495 est amicitia neque est amatio, sed est amicitiae principium. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	496 caritas est amicitia, ut supra dictum est. Ergo benevolentia non
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	497 est idem quod dilectio, quae est caritatis actus.</p><p title="II-II q. 27 a. 2 co."><a name="40106"><span class="ref">[40106] IIª-IIae q. 27 a. 2 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	498 dicendum quod benevolentia proprie dicitur actus voluntatis quo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	499 alteri bonum volumus. Hic autem voluntatis actus differt ab actuali
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	500 amore tam secundum quod est in appetitu sensitivo, quam etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	501 secundum quod est in appetitu intellectivo, qui est voluntas. Amor
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	502 enim qui est in appetitu sensitivo passio quaedam est. Omnis autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	503 passio cum quodam impetu inclinat in suum obiectum. Passio autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	504 amoris hoc habet quod non subito exoritur, sed per aliquam assiduam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	505 inspectionem rei amatae. Et ideo philosophus, in IX Ethic.,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	506 ostendens differentiam inter benevolentiam et amorem qui est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	507 passio, dicit quod benevolentia non habet distensionem et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	508 appetitum, idest aliquem impetum inclinationis, sed ex solo iudicio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	509 rationis homo vult bonum alicui. Similiter etiam talis amor est ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	510 quadam consuetudine, benevolentia autem interdum oritur ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	511 repentino, sicut accidit nobis de pugilibus qui pugnant, quorum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	512 alterum vellemus vincere. Sed amor qui est in appetitu intellectivo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	513 etiam differt a benevolentia. Importat enim quandam unionem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	514 secundum affectus amantis ad amatum, inquantum scilicet amans
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	515 aestimat amatum quodammodo ut unum sibi, vel ad se pertinens, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	516 sic movetur in ipsum. Sed benevolentia est simplex actus voluntatis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	517 quo volumus alicui bonum, etiam non praesupposita praedicta unione
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	518 affectus ad ipsum. Sic igitur in dilectione, secundum quod est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	519 actus caritatis, includitur quidem benevolentia, sed dilectio sive
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	520 amor addit unionem affectus. Et propter hoc philosophus dicit
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	521 ibidem quod benevolentia est principium amicitiae.</p><p title="II-II q. 27 a. 2 ad 1"><a name="40107"><span class="ref">[40107] IIª-IIae q. 27 a. 2 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	522 ergo dicendum quod philosophus ibi definit amare non ponens totam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	523 rationem ipsius, sed aliquid ad rationem eius pertinens in quo
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	524 maxime manifestatur dilectionis actus.</p><p title="II-II q. 27 a. 2 ad 2"><a name="40108"><span class="ref">[40108] IIª-IIae q. 27 a. 2 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	525 dicendum quod dilectio est actus voluntatis in bonum tendens, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	526 cum quadam unione ad amatum, quae quidem in benevolentia non
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	527 importatur.</p><p title="II-II q. 27 a. 2 ad 3"><a name="40109"><span class="ref">[40109] IIª-IIae q. 27 a. 2 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	528 dicendum quod intantum illa quae philosophus ibi ponit ad amicitiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	529 pertinent, inquantum proveniunt ex amore quem quis habet ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	530 seipsum, ut ibidem dicitur, ut scilicet haec omnia aliquis erga
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	531 amicum agat sicut ad seipsum. Quod pertinet ad praedictam unionem
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	532 affectus.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 3</h3><p title="II-II q. 27 a. 3 arg. 1"><a name="40110"><span class="ref">[40110] IIª-IIae q. 27 a. 3 arg. 1</span></a> Ad tertium
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	533 sic proceditur. Videtur quod Deus non propter seipsum, sed propter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	534 aliud diligatur ex caritate. Dicit enim Gregorius, in quadam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	535 homilia, <i>ex his quae novit animus discit incognita amare</i>.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	536 Vocat autem incognita intelligibilia et divina, cognita autem
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	537 sensibilia. Ergo Deus est propter alia diligendus.</p><p title="II-II q. 27 a. 3 arg. 2"><a name="40111"><span class="ref">[40111] IIª-IIae q. 27 a. 3 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	538 amor sequitur cognitionem. Sed Deus per aliud cognoscitur, secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	539 illud Rom. I. <i>Invisibilia Dei per ea quae facta sunt intellecta
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	540 conspiciuntur</i>. Ergo etiam propter aliud amatur, et non propter
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	541 se.</p><p title="II-II q. 27 a. 3 arg. 3"><a name="40112"><span class="ref">[40112] IIª-IIae q. 27 a. 3 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	542 spes generat caritatem, ut dicitur in Glossa Matth. I. <i>Timor
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	543 etiam caritatem introducit</i>; ut Augustinus dicit, super Prim.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	544 Canonic. Ioan. Sed spes expectat aliquid adipisci a Deo, timor
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	545 autem refugit aliquid quod a Deo infligi potest. Ergo videtur quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	546 Deus propter aliquod bonum speratum, vel propter aliquod malum
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	547 timendum sit amandus. Non ergo est amandus propter seipsum.</p><p title="II-II q. 27 a. 3 s. c."><a name="40113"><span class="ref">[40113] IIª-IIae q. 27 a. 3 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	548 est quod, sicut Augustinus dicit, in I de Doct. Christ., <i>frui
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	549 est amore inhaerere alicui propter seipsum</i>. Sed Deo fruendum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	550 est, ut in eodem libro dicitur. Ergo Deus diligendus est propter
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	551 seipsum.</p><p title="II-II q. 27 a. 3 co."><a name="40114"><span class="ref">[40114] IIª-IIae q. 27 a. 3 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	552 dicendum quod ly propter importat habitudinem alicuius causae. Est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	553 autem quadruplex genus causae, scilicet finalis, formalis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	554 efficiens et materialis, ad quam reducitur etiam materialis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	555 dispositio, quae non est causa simpliciter, sed secundum quid. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	556 secundum haec quatuor genera causarum dicitur aliquid propter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	557 alterum diligendum. Secundum quidem genus causae finalis, sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	558 diligimus medicinam propter sanitatem. Secundum autem genus causae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	559 formalis, sicut diligimus hominem propter virtutem, quia scilicet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	560 virtute formaliter est bonus, et per consequens diligibilis.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	561 Secundum autem causam efficientem, sicut diligimus aliquos
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	562 inquantum sunt filii talis patris. Secundum autem dispositionem,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	563 quae reducitur ad genus causae materialis, dicimur aliquid diligere
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	564 propter id quod nos disposuit ad eius dilectionem, puta propter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	565 aliqua beneficia suscepta, quamvis postquam iam amare incipimus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	566 non propter illa beneficia amemus amicum, sed propter eius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	567 virtutem. Primis igitur tribus modis Deum non diligimus propter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	568 aliud, sed propter seipsum. Non enim ordinatur ad aliud sicut ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	569 finem, sed ipse est finis ultimus omnium. Neque etiam informatur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	570 aliquo alio ad hoc quod sit bonus, sed eius substantia est eius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	571 bonitas, secundum quam exemplariter omnia bona sunt. Neque iterum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	572 ei ab altero bonitas inest, sed ab ipso omnibus aliis. Sed quarto
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	573 modo potest diligi propter aliud, quia scilicet ex aliquibus aliis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	574 disponimur ad hoc quod in Dei dilectione proficiamus, puta per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	575 beneficia ab eo suscepta, vel etiam per praemia sperata, vel per
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	576 poenas quas per ipsum vitare intendimus.</p><p title="II-II q. 27 a. 3 ad 1"><a name="40115"><span class="ref">[40115] IIª-IIae q. 27 a. 3 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	577 ergo dicendum quod ex his quae animus novit discit incognita amare,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	578 non quod cognita sint ratio diligendi ipsa incognita per modum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	579 causae formalis vel finalis vel efficientis, sed quia per hoc homo
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	580 disponitur ad amandum incognita.</p><p title="II-II q. 27 a. 3 ad 2"><a name="40116"><span class="ref">[40116] IIª-IIae q. 27 a. 3 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	581 dicendum quod cognitio Dei acquiritur quidem per alia, sed postquam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	582 iam cognoscitur, non per alia cognoscitur, sed per seipsum;
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	583 secundum illud Ioan. IV. <i>Iam non propter tuam loquelam credimus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	584 ipsi enim vidimus, et scimus quia hic est vere salvator
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	585 mundi</i>.</p><p title="II-II q. 27 a. 3 ad 3"><a name="40117"><span class="ref">[40117] IIª-IIae q. 27 a. 3 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	586 dicendum quod spes et timor ducunt ad caritatem per modum
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	587 dispositionis cuiusdam, ut ex supradictis patet.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 4</h3><p title="II-II q. 27 a. 4 arg. 1"><a name="40118"><span class="ref">[40118] IIª-IIae q. 27 a. 4 arg. 1</span></a> Ad quartum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	588 sic proceditur. Videtur quod Deus in hac vita non possit immediate
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	589 amari. Incognita enim amari non possunt; ut Augustinus dicit, X de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	590 Trin. Sed Deum non cognoscimus immediate in hac vita, quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	591 <i>videmus nunc per speculum in aenigmate</i>, ut dicitur I ad Cor.
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	592 XIII. Ergo neque etiam eum immediate amamus.</p><p title="II-II q. 27 a. 4 arg. 2"><a name="40119"><span class="ref">[40119] IIª-IIae q. 27 a. 4 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	593 qui non potest quod minus est non potest quod maius est. Sed maius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	594 est amare Deum quam cognoscere ipsum, qui enim adhaeret Deo per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	595 amorem unus spiritus cum illo fit, ut dicitur I ad Cor. VI. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	596 homo non potest Deum cognoscere immediate. Ergo multo minus
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	597 amare.</p><p title="II-II q. 27 a. 4 arg. 3"><a name="40120"><span class="ref">[40120] IIª-IIae q. 27 a. 4 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	598 homo a Deo disiungitur per peccatum, secundum illud Isaiae LIX,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	599 <i>peccata vestra diviserunt inter vos et Deum vestrum</i>. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	600 peccatum magis est in voluntate quam in intellectu. Ergo minus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	601 potest homo Deum diligere immediate quam immediate eum
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	602 cognoscere.</p><p title="II-II q. 27 a. 4 s. c."><a name="40121"><span class="ref">[40121] IIª-IIae q. 27 a. 4 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	603 est quod cognitio Dei, quia est mediata, dicitur aenigmatica, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	604 evacuatur in patria, ut patet I ad Cor. XIII. Sed caritas non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	605 evacuatur, ut dicitur I ad Cor. XIII. Ergo caritas viae immediate
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	606 Deo adhaeret.</p><p title="II-II q. 27 a. 4 co."><a name="40122"><span class="ref">[40122] IIª-IIae q. 27 a. 4 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	607 dicendum quod, sicut supra dictum est, actus cognitivae virtutis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	608 perficitur per hoc quod cognitum est in cognoscente, actus autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	609 virtutis appetitivae perficitur per hoc quod appetitus inclinatur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	610 in rem ipsam. Et ideo oportet quod motus appetitivae virtutis sit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	611 in res secundum conditionem ipsarum rerum, actus autem cognitivae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	612 virtutis est secundum modum cognoscentis. Est autem ipse ordo rerum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	613 talis secundum se quod Deus est propter seipsum cognoscibilis et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	614 diligibilis, utpote essentialiter existens ipsa veritas et bonitas,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	615 per quam alia et cognoscuntur et amantur. Sed quoad nos, quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	616 nostra cognitio a sensu ortum habet, prius sunt cognoscibilia quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	617 sunt sensui propinquiora; et ultimus terminus cognitionis est in eo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	618 quod est maxime a sensu remotum. Secundum hoc ergo dicendum est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	619 quod dilectio, quae est appetitivae virtutis actus, etiam in statu
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	620 viae tendit in Deum primo, et ex ipso derivatur ad alia, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	621 secundum hoc caritas Deum immediate diligit, alia vero mediante
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	622 Deo. In cognitione vero est e converso, quia scilicet per alia Deum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	623 cognoscimus, sicut causam per effectus, vel per modum eminentiae
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	624 aut negationis ut patet per Dionysium, in libro de Div. Nom.</p><p title="II-II q. 27 a. 4 ad 1"><a name="40123"><span class="ref">[40123] IIª-IIae q. 27 a. 4 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	625 ergo dicendum quod quamvis incognita amari non possint, tamen non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	626 oportet quod sit idem ordo cognitionis et dilectionis. Nam dilectio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	627 est cognitionis terminus. Et ideo ubi desinit cognitio, scilicet in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	628 ipsa re quae per aliam cognoscitur, ibi statim dilectio incipere
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	629 potest.</p><p title="II-II q. 27 a. 4 ad 2"><a name="40124"><span class="ref">[40124] IIª-IIae q. 27 a. 4 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	630 dicendum quod quia dilectio Dei est maius aliquid quam eius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	631 cognitio, maxime secundum statum viae, ideo praesupponit ipsam. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	632 quia cognitio non quiescit in rebus creatis, sed per eas in aliud
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	633 tendit, in illo dilectio incipit, et per hoc ad alia derivatur, per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	634 modum cuiusdam circulationis, dum cognitio, a creaturis incipiens,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	635 tendit in Deum; et dilectio, a Deo incipiens sicut ab ultimo fine,
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	636 ad creaturas derivatur.</p><p title="II-II q. 27 a. 4 ad 3"><a name="40125"><span class="ref">[40125] IIª-IIae q. 27 a. 4 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	637 dicendum quod per caritatem tollitur aversio a Deo quae est per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	638 peccatum; non autem per solam cognitionem. Et ideo caritas est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	639 quae, diligendo, animam immediate Deo coniungit spiritualis vinculo
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	640 unionis.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 5</h3><p title="II-II q. 27 a. 5 arg. 1"><a name="40126"><span class="ref">[40126] IIª-IIae q. 27 a. 5 arg. 1</span></a> Ad quintum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	641 sic proceditur. Videtur quod Deus non possit totaliter amari. Amor
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	642 enim sequitur cognitionem. Sed Deus non potest totaliter a nobis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	643 cognosci, quia hoc esset eum comprehendere. Ergo non potest a nobis
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	644 totaliter amari.</p><p title="II-II q. 27 a. 5 arg. 2"><a name="40127"><span class="ref">[40127] IIª-IIae q. 27 a. 5 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	645 amor est unio quaedam, ut patet per Dionysium, IV cap. de Div. Nom.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	646 Sed cor hominis non potest ad Deum uniri totaliter, quia Deus est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	647 maior corde nostro, ut dicitur I Ioan. III. Ergo Deus non potest
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	648 totaliter amari.</p><p title="II-II q. 27 a. 5 arg. 3"><a name="40128"><span class="ref">[40128] IIª-IIae q. 27 a. 5 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	649 Deus seipsum totaliter amat. Si igitur ab aliquo alio totaliter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	650 amatur, aliquis alius diligit Deum tantum quantum ipse se diligit.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	651 Hoc autem est inconveniens. Ergo Deus non potest totaliter diligi
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	652 ab aliqua creatura.</p><p title="II-II q. 27 a. 5 s. c."><a name="40129"><span class="ref">[40129] IIª-IIae q. 27 a. 5 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	653 est quod dicitur Deut. VI, <i>diliges dominum Deum tuum ex toto
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	654 corde tuo</i>.</p><p title="II-II q. 27 a. 5 co."><a name="40130"><span class="ref">[40130] IIª-IIae q. 27 a. 5 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	655 dicendum quod, cum dilectio intelligatur quasi medium inter amantem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	656 et amatum, cum quaeritur an Deus possit totaliter diligi,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	657 tripliciter potest intelligi. Uno modo, ut modus totalitatis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	658 referatur ad rem dilectam. Et sic Deus est totaliter diligendus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	659 quia totum quod ad Deum pertinet homo diligere debet. Alio modo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	660 potest intelligi ita quod totalitas referatur ad diligentem. Et sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	661 etiam Deus totaliter diligi debet, quia ex toto posse suo debet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	662 homo diligere Deum, et quidquid habet ad Dei amorem ordinare,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	663 secundum illud Deut. VI, <i>diliges dominum Deum tuum ex toto corde
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	664 tuo</i>. Tertio modo potest intelligi secundum comparationem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	665 diligentis ad rem dilectam, ut scilicet modus diligentis adaequet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	666 modum rei dilectae. Et hoc non potest esse. Cum enim unumquodque
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	667 intantum diligibile sit inquantum est bonum, Deus, cuius bonitas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	668 est infinita, est infinite diligibilis, nulla autem creatura potest
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	669 Deum infinite diligere, quia omnis virtus creaturae, sive naturalis
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	670 sive infusa, est finita.</p><p title="II-II q. 27 a. 5 ad 1"><a name="40131"><span class="ref">[40131] IIª-IIae q. 27 a. 5 ad 1</span></a> Et per hoc
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	671 patet responsio ad obiecta. Nam primae tres obiectiones procedunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	672 secundum hunc tertium sensum, ultima autem ratio procedit in sensu
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	673 secundo.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 6</h3><p title="II-II q. 27 a. 6 arg. 1"><a name="40132"><span class="ref">[40132] IIª-IIae q. 27 a. 6 arg. 1</span></a> Ad sextum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	674 sic proceditur. Videtur quod divinae dilectionis sit aliquis modus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	675 habendus. Ratio enim boni consistit in modo, specie et ordine, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	676 patet per Augustinum, in libro de Nat. boni. Sed dilectio Dei est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	677 optimum in homine, secundum illud ad Coloss. III, <i>super omnia
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	678 caritatem habete</i>. Ergo dilectio Dei debet modum habere.</p><p title="II-II q. 27 a. 6 arg. 2"><a name="40133"><span class="ref">[40133] IIª-IIae q. 27 a. 6 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	679 Augustinus dicit, in libro de Morib. Eccles., <i>dic mihi, quaeso
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	680 te, quis sit diligendi modus. Vereor enim ne plus minusve quam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	681 oportet inflammer desiderio et amore domini mei</i> frustra autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	682 quaereret modum nisi esset aliquis divinae dilectionis modus. Ergo
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	683 est aliquis modus divinae dilectionis.</p><p title="II-II q. 27 a. 6 arg. 3"><a name="40134"><span class="ref">[40134] IIª-IIae q. 27 a. 6 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	684 sicut Augustinus dicit, IV super Gen. ad Litt., <i>modus est quem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	685 unicuique propria mensura praefigit</i>. Sed mensura voluntatis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	686 humanae, sicut et actionis exterioris, est ratio. Ergo sicut in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	687 exteriori effectu caritatis oportet habere modum a ratione
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	688 praestitum, secundum illud Rom. XII, <i>rationabile obsequium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	689 vestrum</i>; ita etiam ipsa interior dilectio Dei debet modum
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	690 habere.</p><p title="II-II q. 27 a. 6 s. c."><a name="40135"><span class="ref">[40135] IIª-IIae q. 27 a. 6 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	691 est quod Bernardus dicit, in libro de diligendo Deum, <i>quod causa
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	692 diligendi Deum Deus est; modus, sine modo diligere</i>.</p><p title="II-II q. 27 a. 6 co."><a name="40136"><span class="ref">[40136] IIª-IIae q. 27 a. 6 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	693 dicendum quod, sicut patet ex inducta auctoritate Augustini, modus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	694 importat quandam mensurae determinationem. Haec autem determinatio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	695 invenitur et in mensura et in mensurato, aliter tamen et aliter. In
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	696 mensura enim invenitur essentialiter, quia mensura secundum seipsam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	697 est determinativa et modificativa aliorum, in mensuratis autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	698 invenitur mensura secundum aliud, idest inquantum attingunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	699 mensuram. Et ideo in mensura nihil potest accipi immodificatum, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	700 res mensurata est immodificata nisi mensuram attingat, sive
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	701 deficiat sive excedat. In omnibus autem appetibilibus et agibilibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	702 mensura est finis, quia eorum quae appetimus et agimus oportet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	703 propriam rationem ex fine accipere, ut patet per philosophum, in II
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	704 Physic. Et ideo finis secundum seipsum habet modum, ea vero quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	705 sunt ad finem habent modum ex eo quod sunt fini proportionata. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	706 ideo, sicut philosophus dicit, in I Polit., <i>appetitus finis in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	707 omnibus artibus est absque fine et termino, eorum autem quae sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	708 ad finem est aliquis terminus</i>. Non enim medicus imponit aliquem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	709 terminum sanitati, sed facit eam perfectam quantumcumque potest,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	710 sed medicinae imponit terminum; non enim dat tantum de medicina
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	711 quantum potest, sed secundum proportionem ad sanitatem; quam quidem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	712 proportionem si medicina excederet, vel ab ea deficeret, esset
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	713 immoderata. Finis autem omnium actionum humanarum et affectionum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	714 est Dei dilectio, per quam maxime attingimus ultimum finem, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	715 supra dictum est. Et ideo in dilectione Dei non potest accipi modus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	716 sicut in re mensurata, ut sit in ea accipere plus et minus, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	717 sicut invenitur modus in mensura, in qua non potest esse excessus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	718 sed quanto plus attingitur regula, tanto melius est. Et ita quanto
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	719 plus Deus diligitur, tanto est dilectio melior.</p><p title="II-II q. 27 a. 6 ad 1"><a name="40137"><span class="ref">[40137] IIª-IIae q. 27 a. 6 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	720 ergo dicendum quod illud quod est per se potius est eo quod est per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	721 aliud. Et ideo bonitas mensurae, quae per se habet modum, potior
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	722 est quam bonitas mensurati, quod habet modum per aliud. Et sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	723 etiam caritas, quae habet modum sicut mensura, praeeminet aliis
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	724 virtutibus, quae habent modum sicut mensuratae.</p><p title="II-II q. 27 a. 6 ad 2"><a name="40138"><span class="ref">[40138] IIª-IIae q. 27 a. 6 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	725 dicendum quod Augustinus ibidem subiungit quod modus diligendi Deum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	726 est ut ex toto corde diligatur, idest ut diligatur quantumcumque
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	727 potest diligi. Et hoc pertinet ad modum qui convenit mensurae.</p><p title="II-II q. 27 a. 6 ad 3"><a name="40139"><span class="ref">[40139] IIª-IIae q. 27 a. 6 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	728 dicendum quod affectio illa cuius obiectum subiacet iudicio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	729 rationis, est ratione mensuranda. Sed obiectum divinae dilectionis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	730 quod est Deus, excedit iudicium rationis. Et ideo non mensuratur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	731 ratione, sed rationem excedit. Nec est simile de interiori actu
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	732 caritatis et exterioribus actibus. Nam interior actus caritatis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	733 habet rationem finis, quia ultimum bonum hominis consistit in hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	734 quod anima Deo inhaereat, secundum illud Psalm., <i>mihi adhaerere
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	735 Deo bonum est</i>. Exteriores autem actus sunt sicut ad finem. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	736 ideo sunt commensurandi et secundum caritatem et secundum
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	737 rationem.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 7</h3><p title="II-II q. 27 a. 7 arg. 1"><a name="40140"><span class="ref">[40140] IIª-IIae q. 27 a. 7 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	738 septimum sic proceditur. Videtur quod magis meritorium sit diligere
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	739 inimicum quam amicum. Dicitur enim Matth. V, <i>si diligitis eos
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	740 qui vos diligunt, quam mercedem habebitis?</i> Diligere ergo amicum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	741 non meretur mercedem. Sed diligere inimicum meretur mercedem, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	742 ibidem ostenditur. Ergo magis est meritorium diligere inimicos quam
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	743 diligere amicos.</p><p title="II-II q. 27 a. 7 arg. 2"><a name="40141"><span class="ref">[40141] IIª-IIae q. 27 a. 7 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	744 tanto aliquid est magis meritorium quanto ex maiori caritate
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	745 procedit. Sed diligere inimicum est perfectorum filiorum Dei, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	746 Augustinus dicit, in Enchirid., diligere autem amicum est etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	747 caritatis imperfectae. Ergo maioris meriti est diligere inimicum
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	748 quam diligere amicum.</p><p title="II-II q. 27 a. 7 arg. 3"><a name="40142"><span class="ref">[40142] IIª-IIae q. 27 a. 7 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	749 ubi est maior conatus ad bonum, ibi videtur esse maius meritum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	750 <i>quia unusquisque propriam mercedem accipiet secundum suum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	751 laborem</i>, ut dicitur I Cor. III. Sed maiori conatu indiget homo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	752 ad hoc quod diligat inimicum quam ad hoc quod diligat amicum, quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	753 difficilius est. Ergo videtur quod diligere inimicum sit magis
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	754 meritorium quam diligere amicum.</p><p title="II-II q. 27 a. 7 s. c."><a name="40143"><span class="ref">[40143] IIª-IIae q. 27 a. 7 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	755 est quia illud quod est melius est magis meritorium. Sed melius est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	756 diligere amicum, quia melius est diligere meliorem; amicus autem,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	757 qui amat, est melior quam inimicus, qui odit. Ergo diligere amicum
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	758 est magis meritorium quam diligere inimicum.</p><p title="II-II q. 27 a. 7 co."><a name="40144"><span class="ref">[40144] IIª-IIae q. 27 a. 7 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	759 dicendum quod ratio diligendi proximum ex caritate Deus est, sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	760 supra dictum est. Cum ergo quaeritur quid sit melius, vel magis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	761 meritorium, utrum diligere amicum vel inimicum, dupliciter istae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	762 dilectiones comparari possunt, uno modo, ex parte proximi qui
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	763 diligitur; alio modo, ex parte rationis propter quam diligitur.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	764 Primo quidem modo dilectio amici praeeminet dilectioni inimici.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	765 Quia amicus et melior est et magis coniunctus; unde est materia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	766 magis conveniens dilectioni; et propter hoc actus dilectionis super
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	767 hanc materiam transiens melior est. Unde et eius oppositum est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	768 deterius, peius enim est odire amicum quam inimicum. Secundo autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	769 modo dilectio inimici praeeminet, propter duo. Primo quidem, quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	770 dilectionis amici potest esse alia ratio quam Deus, sed dilectionis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	771 inimici solus Deus est ratio. Secundo quia, supposito quod uterque
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	772 propter Deum diligatur, fortior ostenditur esse Dei dilectio quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	773 animum hominis ad remotiora extendit, scilicet usque ad dilectionem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	774 inimicorum, sicut virtus ignis tanto ostenditur esse fortior quanto
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	775 ad remotiora diffundit suum calorem. Tanto etiam ostenditur divina
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	776 dilectio esse fortior quanto propter ipsam difficiliora implemus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	777 sicut et virtus ignis tanto est fortior quanto comburere potest
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	778 materiam minus combustibilem. Sed sicut idem ignis in propinquiora
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	779 fortius agit quam in remotiora, ita etiam caritas ferventius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	780 diligit coniunctos quam remotos. Et quantum ad hoc dilectio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	781 amicorum, secundum se considerata, est ferventior et melior quam
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	782 dilectio inimicorum.</p><p title="II-II q. 27 a. 7 ad 1"><a name="40145"><span class="ref">[40145] IIª-IIae q. 27 a. 7 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	783 ergo dicendum quod verbum domini est per se intelligendum. Tunc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	784 enim dilectio amicorum apud Deum mercedem non habet, quando propter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	785 hoc solum amantur quia amici sunt, et hoc videtur accidere quando
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	786 sic amantur amici quod inimici non diliguntur. Est tamen meritoria
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	787 amicorum dilectio si propter Deum diligantur, et non solum quia
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	788 amici sunt.</p><p title="II-II q. 27 a. 7 ad 2"><a name="40146"><span class="ref">[40146] IIª-IIae q. 27 a. 7 ad 2</span></a> Ad alia
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	789 patet responsio per ea quae dicta sunt. Nam duae rationes sequentes
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	790 procedunt ex parte rationis diligendi; ultima vero ex parte eorum
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	791 qui diliguntur.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 8</h3><p title="II-II q. 27 a. 8 arg. 1"><a name="40147"><span class="ref">[40147] IIª-IIae q. 27 a. 8 arg. 1</span></a> Ad octavum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	792 sic proceditur. Videtur quod magis sit meritorium diligere proximum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	793 quam diligere Deum. Illud enim videtur esse magis meritorium quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	794 apostolus magis elegit. Sed apostolus praeelegit dilectionem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	795 proximi dilectioni Dei, secundum illud ad Rom. IX, <i>optabam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	796 anathema esse a Christo pro fratribus meis</i>. Ergo magis est
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	797 meritorium diligere proximum quam diligere Deum.</p><p title="II-II q. 27 a. 8 arg. 2"><a name="40148"><span class="ref">[40148] IIª-IIae q. 27 a. 8 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	798 minus videtur esse meritorium aliquo modo diligere amicum, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	799 dictum est. Sed Deus maxime est amicus, <i>qui prior dilexit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	800 nos</i>, ut dicitur I Ioan. IV. Ergo diligere eum videtur esse
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	801 minus meritorium.</p><p title="II-II q. 27 a. 8 arg. 3"><a name="40149"><span class="ref">[40149] IIª-IIae q. 27 a. 8 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	802 illud quod est difficilius videtur esse virtuosius et magis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	803 meritorium, quia virtus est circa difficile et bonum, ut dicitur in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	804 II Ethic. Sed facilius est diligere Deum quam proximum, tum quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	805 naturaliter omnia Deum diligunt; tum quia in Deo nihil occurrit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	806 quod non sit diligendum, quod circa proximum non contingit. Ergo
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	807 magis est meritorium diligere proximum quam diligere Deum.</p><p title="II-II q. 27 a. 8 s. c."><a name="40150"><span class="ref">[40150] IIª-IIae q. 27 a. 8 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	808 propter quod unumquodque, illud magis. Sed dilectio proximi non est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	809 meritoria nisi propter hoc quod proximus diligitur propter Deum.
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	810 Ergo dilectio Dei est magis meritoria quam dilectio proximi.</p><p title="II-II q. 27 a. 8 co."><a name="40151"><span class="ref">[40151] IIª-IIae q. 27 a. 8 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	811 dicendum quod comparatio ista potest intelligi dupliciter. Uno
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	812 modo, ut seorsum consideretur utraque dilectio. Et tunc non est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	813 dubium quod dilectio Dei est magis meritoria, debetur enim ei
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	814 merces propter seipsam, quia ultima merces est frui Deo, in quem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	815 tendit divinae dilectionis motus. Unde et diligenti Deum merces
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	816 promittitur, Ioan. XIV, <i>si quis diligit me, diligetur a patre
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	817 meo, et manifestabo ei meipsum</i>. Alio modo potest attendi ista
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	818 comparatio ut dilectio Dei accipiatur secundum quod solus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	819 diligitur; dilectio autem proximi accipiatur secundum quod proximus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	820 diligitur propter Deum. Et sic dilectio proximi includet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	821 dilectionem Dei, sed dilectio Dei non includet dilectionem proximi.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	822 Unde erit comparatio dilectionis Dei perfectae, quae extendit se
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	823 etiam ad proximum, ad dilectionem Dei insufficientem et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	824 imperfectam, quia hoc mandatum <i>habemus a Deo, ut qui diligit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	825 Deum, diligat et fratrem suum</i>. Et in hoc sensu dilectio proximi
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	826 praeeminet.</p><p title="II-II q. 27 a. 8 ad 1"><a name="40152"><span class="ref">[40152] IIª-IIae q. 27 a. 8 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	827 ergo dicendum quod secundum unam Glossae expositionem, hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	828 apostolus tunc non optabat quando erat in statu gratiae, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	829 scilicet separaretur a Christo pro fratribus suis, sed hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	830 optaverat quando erat in statu infidelitatis. Unde in hoc non est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	831 imitandus. Vel potest dici, sicut dicit Chrysostomus, in libro de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	832 Compunct., quod per hoc non ostenditur quod apostolus plus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	833 diligeret proximum quam Deum, sed quod plus diligebat Deum quam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	834 seipsum. Volebat enim ad tempus privari fruitione divina, quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	835 pertinet ad dilectionem sui, ad hoc quod honor Dei procuraretur in
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	836 proximis, quod pertinet ad dilectionem Dei.</p><p title="II-II q. 27 a. 8 ad 2"><a name="40153"><span class="ref">[40153] IIª-IIae q. 27 a. 8 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	837 dicendum quod dilectio amici pro tanto est quandoque minus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	838 meritoria quia amicus diligitur propter seipsum, et ita deficit a
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	839 vera ratione amicitiae caritatis, quae Deus est. Et ideo quod Deus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	840 diligatur propter seipsum non diminuit meritum, sed hoc constituit
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	841 totam meriti rationem.</p><p title="II-II q. 27 a. 8 ad 3"><a name="40154"><span class="ref">[40154] IIª-IIae q. 27 a. 8 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	842 dicendum quod plus facit ad rationem meriti et virtutis bonum quam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	843 difficile. Unde non oportet quod omne difficilius sit magis
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	844 meritorium, sed quod sic est difficilius ut etiam sit melius.</p></div></div><div class="q" id="q28"><h2>Quaestio 28</h2><div class="p"><h3>Prooemium</h3><p title="II-II q. 28 pr."><a name="40155"><span class="ref">[40155] IIª-IIae q. 28 pr.</span></a> Deinde
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	845 considerandum est de effectibus consequentibus actum caritatis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	846 principalem, qui est dilectio. Et primo, de effectibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	847 interioribus; secundo, de exterioribus. Circa primum tria
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	848 consideranda sunt, primo, de gaudio; secundo, de pace; tertio, de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	849 misericordia. Circa primum quaeruntur quatuor. Primo, utrum gaudium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	850 sit effectus caritatis. Secundo, utrum huiusmodi gaudium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	851 compatiatur secum tristitiam. Tertio, utrum istud gaudium possit
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	852 esse plenum. Quarto, utrum sit virtus.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 1</h3><p title="II-II q. 28 a. 1 arg. 1"><a name="40156"><span class="ref">[40156] IIª-IIae q. 28 a. 1 arg. 1</span></a> Ad primum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	853 sic proceditur. Videtur quod gaudium non sit effectus caritatis in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	854 nobis. Ex absentia enim rei amatae magis sequitur tristitia quam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	855 gaudium. Sed Deus, quem per caritatem diligimus, est nobis absens,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	856 quandiu in hac vita vivimus, <i>quandiu enim sumus in corpore,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	857 peregrinamur a domino</i>, ut dicitur II ad Cor. V. Ergo caritas in
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	858 nobis magis causat tristitiam quam gaudium.</p><p title="II-II q. 28 a. 1 arg. 2"><a name="40157"><span class="ref">[40157] IIª-IIae q. 28 a. 1 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	859 per caritatem maxime meremur beatitudinem. Sed inter ea per quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	860 beatitudinem meremur ponitur luctus, qui ad tristitiam pertinet,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	861 secundum illud Matth. V, <i>beati qui lugent, quoniam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	862 consolabuntur</i>. Ergo magis est effectus caritatis tristitia quam
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	863 gaudium.</p><p title="II-II q. 28 a. 1 arg. 3"><a name="40158"><span class="ref">[40158] IIª-IIae q. 28 a. 1 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	864 caritas est virtus distincta a spe, ut ex supradictis patet. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	865 gaudium causatur ex spe, secundum illud Rom. XII, <i>spe
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	866 gaudentes</i>. Non ergo causatur ex caritate.</p><p title="II-II q. 28 a. 1 s. c."><a name="40159"><span class="ref">[40159] IIª-IIae q. 28 a. 1 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	867 est quia, sicut dicitur Rom. V, <i>caritas Dei diffusa est in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	868 cordibus nostris per spiritum sanctum, qui datus est nobis</i>. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	869 gaudium in nobis causatur ex spiritu sancto, secundum illud Rom.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	870 XIV, <i>non est regnum Dei esca et potus, sed iustitia et pax et
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	871 gaudium in spiritu sancto</i>. Ergo caritas est causa gaudii.</p><p title="II-II q. 28 a. 1 co."><a name="40160"><span class="ref">[40160] IIª-IIae q. 28 a. 1 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	872 dicendum quod, sicut supra dictum est, cum de passionibus ageretur,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	873 ex amore procedit et gaudium et tristitia, sed contrario modo.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	874 Gaudium enim ex amore causatur vel propter praesentiam boni amati;
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	875 vel etiam propter hoc quod ipsi bono amato proprium bonum inest et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	876 conservatur. Et hoc secundum maxime pertinet ad amorem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	877 benevolentiae, per quem aliquis gaudet de amico prospere se
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	878 habente, etiam si sit absens. E contrario autem ex amore sequitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	879 tristitia vel propter absentiam amati; vel propter hoc quod cui
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	880 volumus bonum suo bono privatur, aut aliquo malo deprimitur.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	881 Caritas autem est amor Dei, cuius bonum immutabile est, quia ipse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	882 est sua bonitas. Et ex hoc ipso quod amatur est in amante per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	883 nobilissimum sui effectum, secundum illud I Ioan. IV, <i>qui manet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	884 in caritate, in Deo manet et Deus in eo</i>. Et ideo spirituale
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	885 gaudium, quod de Deo habetur, ex caritate causatur.</p><p title="II-II q. 28 a. 1 ad 1"><a name="40161"><span class="ref">[40161] IIª-IIae q. 28 a. 1 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	886 ergo dicendum quod quandiu sumus in corpore dicimur peregrinari a
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	887 domino, in comparatione ad illam praesentiam qua quibusdam est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	888 praesens per speciei visionem, unde et apostolus subdit ibidem,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	889 <i>per fidem enim ambulamus, et non per speciem</i>. Est autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	890 praesens etiam se amantibus etiam in hac vita per gratiae
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	891 inhabitationem.</p><p title="II-II q. 28 a. 1 ad 2"><a name="40162"><span class="ref">[40162] IIª-IIae q. 28 a. 1 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	892 dicendum quod luctus qui beatitudinem meretur est de his quae sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	893 beatitudini contraria. Unde eiusdem rationis est quod talis luctus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	894 ex caritate causetur, et gaudium spirituale de Deo, quia eiusdem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	895 rationis est gaudere de aliquo bono et tristari de his quae ei
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	896 repugnant.</p><p title="II-II q. 28 a. 1 ad 3"><a name="40163"><span class="ref">[40163] IIª-IIae q. 28 a. 1 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	897 dicendum quod de Deo potest esse spirituale gaudium dupliciter, uno
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	898 modo, secundum quod gaudemus de bono divino in se considerato; alio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	899 modo, secundum quod gaudemus de bono divino prout a nobis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	900 participatur. Primum autem gaudium melius est, et hoc procedit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	901 principaliter ex caritate. Sed secundum gaudium procedit etiam ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	902 spe, per quam expectamus divini boni fruitionem. Quamvis etiam ipsa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	903 fruitio, vel perfecta vel imperfecta, secundum mensuram caritatis
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	904 obtineatur.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 2</h3><p title="II-II q. 28 a. 2 arg. 1"><a name="40164"><span class="ref">[40164] IIª-IIae q. 28 a. 2 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	905 secundum sic proceditur. Videtur quod gaudium spirituale quod ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	906 caritate causatur recipiat admixtionem tristitiae. Congaudere enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	907 bonis proximi ad caritatem pertinet, secundum illud I ad Cor. XIII,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	908 <i>caritas non gaudet super iniquitate, congaudet autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	909 veritati</i>. Sed hoc gaudium recipit permixtionem tristitiae,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	910 secundum illud Rom. XII, <i>gaudere cum gaudentibus, flere cum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	911 flentibus</i>. Ergo gaudium spirituale caritatis admixtionem
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	912 tristitiae patitur.</p><p title="II-II q. 28 a. 2 arg. 2"><a name="40165"><span class="ref">[40165] IIª-IIae q. 28 a. 2 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	913 poenitentia, sicut dicit Gregorius, est <i>anteacta mala flere, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	914 flenda iterum non committere</i>. Sed vera poenitentia non est sine
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	915 caritate. Ergo gaudium caritatis habet tristitiae admixtionem.</p><p title="II-II q. 28 a. 2 arg. 3"><a name="40166"><span class="ref">[40166] IIª-IIae q. 28 a. 2 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	916 ex caritate contingit quod aliquis desiderat esse cum Christo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	917 secundum illud Philipp. I, <i>desiderium habens dissolvi et esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	918 cum Christo</i>. Sed ex isto desiderio sequitur in homine quaedam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	919 tristitia, secundum illud Psalm., <i>heu mihi, quia incolatus meus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	920 prolongatus est</i>. Ergo gaudium caritatis recipit admixtionem
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	921 tristitiae.</p><p title="II-II q. 28 a. 2 s. c."><a name="40167"><span class="ref">[40167] IIª-IIae q. 28 a. 2 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	922 est quod gaudium caritatis est gaudium de divina sapientia. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	923 huiusmodi gaudium non habet permixtionem tristitiae, secundum illud
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	924 Sap. VIII, <i>non habet amaritudinem conversatio illius</i>. Ergo
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	925 gaudium caritatis non patitur permixtionem tristitiae.</p><p title="II-II q. 28 a. 2 co."><a name="40168"><span class="ref">[40168] IIª-IIae q. 28 a. 2 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	926 dicendum quod ex caritate causatur duplex gaudium de Deo, sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	927 supra dictum est. Unum quidem principale, quod est proprium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	928 caritatis, quo scilicet gaudemus de bono divino secundum se
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	929 considerato. Et tale gaudium caritatis permixtionem tristitiae non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	930 patitur, sicut nec illud bonum de quo gaudetur potest aliquam mali
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	931 admixtionem habere. Et ideo apostolus dicit, ad Philipp. IV,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	932 <i>gaudete in domino semper</i>. Aliud autem est gaudium caritatis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	933 quo gaudet quis de bono divino secundum quod participatur a nobis.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	934 Haec autem participatio potest impediri per aliquod contrarium. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	935 ideo ex hac parte gaudium caritatis potest habere permixtionem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	936 tristitiae, prout scilicet aliquis tristatur de eo quod repugnat
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	937 participationi divini boni vel in nobis vel in proximis, quos
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	938 tanquam nosipsos diligimus.</p><p title="II-II q. 28 a. 2 ad 1"><a name="40169"><span class="ref">[40169] IIª-IIae q. 28 a. 2 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	939 ergo dicendum quod fletus proximi non est nisi de aliquo malo. Omne
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	940 autem malum importat defectum participationis summi boni. Et ideo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	941 intantum caritas facit condolere proximo inquantum participatio
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	942 divini boni in eo impeditur.</p><p title="II-II q. 28 a. 2 ad 2"><a name="40170"><span class="ref">[40170] IIª-IIae q. 28 a. 2 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	943 dicendum quod peccata dividunt inter nos et Deum, ut dicitur Isaiae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	944 LIX. Et ideo haec est ratio dolendi de peccatis praeteritis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	945 nostris, vel etiam aliorum, inquantum per ea impedimur a
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	946 participatione divini boni.</p><p title="II-II q. 28 a. 2 ad 3"><a name="40171"><span class="ref">[40171] IIª-IIae q. 28 a. 2 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	947 dicendum quod, quamvis in incolatu huius miseriae aliquo modo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	948 participemus divinum bonum per cognitionem et amorem, tamen huius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	949 vitae miseria impedit a perfecta participatione divini boni, qualis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	950 erit in patria. Et ideo haec etiam tristitia qua quis luget de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	951 dilatione gloriae pertinet ad impedimentum participationis divini
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	952 boni.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 3</h3><p title="II-II q. 28 a. 3 arg. 1"><a name="40172"><span class="ref">[40172] IIª-IIae q. 28 a. 3 arg. 1</span></a> Ad tertium
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	953 sic proceditur. Videtur quod spirituale gaudium quod ex caritate
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	954 causatur non possit in nobis impleri. Quanto enim maius gaudium de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	955 Deo habemus, tanto gaudium eius in nobis magis impletur. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	956 nunquam possumus tantum de Deo gaudere quantum dignum est ut de eo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	957 gaudeatur, quia semper bonitas eius, quae est infinita, excedit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	958 gaudium creaturae, quod est finitum. Ergo gaudium de Deo nunquam
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	959 potest impleri.</p><p title="II-II q. 28 a. 3 arg. 2"><a name="40173"><span class="ref">[40173] IIª-IIae q. 28 a. 3 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	960 illud quod est impletum non potest esse maius. Sed gaudium etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	961 beatorum potest esse maius, quia unius gaudium est maius quam
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	962 alterius. Ergo gaudium de Deo non potest in creatura impleri.</p><p title="II-II q. 28 a. 3 arg. 3"><a name="40174"><span class="ref">[40174] IIª-IIae q. 28 a. 3 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	963 nihil aliud videtur esse comprehensio quam cognitionis plenitudo.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	964 Sed sicut vis cognoscitiva creaturae est finita, ita et vis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	965 appetitiva eiusdem. Cum ergo Deus non possit ab aliqua creatura
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	966 comprehendi, videtur quod non possit alicuius creaturae gaudium de
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	967 Deo impleri.</p><p title="II-II q. 28 a. 3 s. c."><a name="40175"><span class="ref">[40175] IIª-IIae q. 28 a. 3 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	968 est quod dominus discipulis dixit, Ioan. XV, <i>gaudium meum in
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	969 vobis sit, et gaudium vestrum impleatur</i>.</p><p title="II-II q. 28 a. 3 co."><a name="40176"><span class="ref">[40176] IIª-IIae q. 28 a. 3 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	970 dicendum quod plenitudo gaudii potest intelligi dupliciter. Uno
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	971 modo, ex parte rei de qua gaudetur, ut scilicet tantum gaudeatur de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	972 ea quantum est dignum de ea gauderi. Et sic solum Dei gaudium est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	973 plenum de seipso, quia gaudium eius est infinitum, et hoc est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	974 condignum infinitae bonitati Dei; cuiuslibet autem creaturae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	975 gaudium oportet esse finitum. Alio modo potest intelligi plenitudo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	976 gaudii ex parte gaudentis. Gaudium autem comparatur ad desiderium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	977 sicut quies ad motum; ut supra dictum est, cum de passionibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	978 ageretur. Est autem quies plena cum nihil restat de motu. Unde tunc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	979 est gaudium plenum quando iam nihil desiderandum restat. Quandiu
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	980 autem in hoc mundo sumus, non quiescit in nobis desiderii motus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	981 quia adhuc restat quod Deo magis appropinquemus per gratiam, ut ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	982 supradictis patet. Sed quando iam ad beatitudinem perfectam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	983 perventum fuerit, nihil desiderandum restabit, quia ibi erit plena
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	984 Dei fruitio, in qua homo obtinebit quidquid etiam circa alia bona
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	985 desideravit, secundum illud Psalm., <i>qui replet in bonis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	986 desiderium tuum</i>. Et ideo quiescet desiderium non solum quo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	987 desideramus Deum, sed etiam erit omnium desideriorum quies. Unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	988 gaudium beatorum est perfecte plenum, et etiam superplenum, quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	989 plus obtinebunt quam desiderare suffecerint; <i>non enim in cor
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	990 hominis ascendit quae praeparavit Deus diligentibus se</i>, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	991 dicitur I ad Cor. II. Et hinc est quod dicitur Luc. VI, <i>mensuram
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	992 bonam et supereffluentem dabunt in sinus vestros</i>. Quia tamen
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	993 nulla creatura est capax gaudii de Deo ei condigni, inde est quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	994 illud gaudium omnino plenum non capitur in homine, sed potius homo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	995 intrat in ipsum, secundum illud Matth. XXV, <i>intra in gaudium
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	996 domini tui</i>.</p><p title="II-II q. 28 a. 3 ad 1"><a name="40177"><span class="ref">[40177] IIª-IIae q. 28 a. 3 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	997 ergo dicendum quod ratio illa procedit de plenitudine gaudii ex
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	998 parte rei de qua gaudetur.</p><p title="II-II q. 28 a. 3 ad 2"><a name="40178"><span class="ref">[40178] IIª-IIae q. 28 a. 3 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	999 dicendum quod cum perventum fuerit ad beatitudinem, unusquisque
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1000 attinget terminum sibi praefixum ex praedestinatione divina, nec
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1001 restabit ulterius aliquid quo tendatur, quamvis in illa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1002 terminatione unus perveniat ad maiorem propinquitatem Dei, alius ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1003 minorem. Et ideo uniuscuiusque gaudium erit plenum ex parte
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1004 gaudentis, quia uniuscuiusque desiderium plene quietabitur. Erit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1005 tamen gaudium unius maius quam alterius, propter pleniorem
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1006 participationem divinae beatitudinis.</p><p title="II-II q. 28 a. 3 ad 3"><a name="40179"><span class="ref">[40179] IIª-IIae q. 28 a. 3 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1007 dicendum quod comprehensio importat plenitudinem cognitionis ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1008 parte rei cognitae, ut scilicet tantum cognoscatur res quantum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1009 cognosci potest. Habet tamen etiam cognitio aliquam plenitudinem ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1010 parte cognoscentis, sicut et de gaudio dictum est. Unde et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1011 apostolus dicit, ad Coloss. I, <i>impleamini agnitione voluntatis
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1012 eius in omni sapientia et intellectu spirituali</i>.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 4</h3><p title="II-II q. 28 a. 4 arg. 1"><a name="40180"><span class="ref">[40180] IIª-IIae q. 28 a. 4 arg. 1</span></a> Ad quartum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1013 sic proceditur. Videtur quod gaudium sit virtus. Vitium enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1014 contrariatur virtuti. Sed tristitia ponitur vitium, ut patet de
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1015 acedia et de invidia. Ergo etiam gaudium debet poni virtus.</p><p title="II-II q. 28 a. 4 arg. 2"><a name="40181"><span class="ref">[40181] IIª-IIae q. 28 a. 4 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1016 sicut amor et spes sunt passiones quaedam quarum obiectum est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1017 bonum, ita et gaudium. Sed amor et spes ponuntur virtutes. Ergo et
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1018 gaudium debet poni virtus.</p><p title="II-II q. 28 a. 4 arg. 3"><a name="40182"><span class="ref">[40182] IIª-IIae q. 28 a. 4 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1019 praecepta legis dantur de actibus virtutum. Sed praecipitur nobis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1020 quod de Deo gaudeamus, secundum illud ad Philipp. IV, <i>gaudete in
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1021 domino semper</i>. Ergo gaudium est virtus.</p><p title="II-II q. 28 a. 4 s. c."><a name="40183"><span class="ref">[40183] IIª-IIae q. 28 a. 4 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1022 est quod neque connumeratur inter virtutes theologicas, neque inter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1023 virtutes morales, neque inter virtutes intellectuales, ut ex
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1024 supradictis patet.</p><p title="II-II q. 28 a. 4 co."><a name="40184"><span class="ref">[40184] IIª-IIae q. 28 a. 4 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1025 dicendum quod virtus, sicut supra habitum est, est habitus quidam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1026 operativus; et ideo secundum propriam rationem habet inclinationem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1027 ad aliquem actum. Est autem contingens ex uno habitu plures actus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1028 eiusdem rationis ordinatos provenire, quorum unus sequatur ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1029 altero. Et quia posteriores actus non procedunt ab habitu virtutis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1030 nisi per actum priorem, inde est quod virtus non definitur nec
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1031 denominatur nisi ab actu priori, quamvis etiam alii actus ab ea
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1032 consequantur. Manifestum est autem ex his quae supra de passionibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1033 dicta sunt, quod amor est prima affectio appetitivae potentiae, ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1034 qua sequitur et desiderium et gaudium. Et ideo habitus virtutis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1035 idem est qui inclinat ad diligendum, et ad desiderandum bonum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1036 dilectum, et ad gaudendum de eo. Sed quia dilectio inter hos actus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1037 est prior, inde est quod virtus non denominatur a gaudio nec a
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1038 desiderio, sed a dilectione, et dicitur caritas. Sic ergo gaudium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1039 non est aliqua virtus a caritate distincta, sed est quidam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1040 caritatis actus sive effectus. Et propter hoc connumeratur inter
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1041 fructus, ut patet Gal. V.</p><p title="II-II q. 28 a. 4 ad 1"><a name="40185"><span class="ref">[40185] IIª-IIae q. 28 a. 4 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1042 ergo dicendum quod tristitia quae est vitium causatur ex inordinato
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1043 amore sui, quod non est aliquod speciale vitium, sed quaedam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1044 generalis radix vitiorum, ut supra dictum est. Et ideo oportuit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1045 tristitias quasdam particulares ponere specialia vitia, quia non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1046 derivantur ab aliquo speciali vitio, sed a generali. Sed amor Dei
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1047 ponitur specialis virtus, quae est caritas, ad quam reducitur
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1048 gaudium, ut dictum est, sicut proprius actus eius.</p><p title="II-II q. 28 a. 4 ad 2"><a name="40186"><span class="ref">[40186] IIª-IIae q. 28 a. 4 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1049 dicendum quod spes consequitur ex amore sicut et gaudium, sed spes
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1050 addit ex parte obiecti quandam specialem rationem, scilicet arduum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1051 et possibile adipisci; et ideo ponitur specialis virtus. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1052 gaudium ex parte obiecti nullam rationem specialem addit supra
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1053 amorem quae possit causare specialem virtutem.</p><p title="II-II q. 28 a. 4 ad 3"><a name="40187"><span class="ref">[40187] IIª-IIae q. 28 a. 4 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1054 dicendum quod intantum datur praeceptum legis de gaudio inquantum
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1055 est actus caritatis; licet non sit primus actus eius.</p></div></div><div class="q" id="q29"><h2>Quaestio 29</h2><div class="p"><h3>Prooemium</h3><p title="II-II q. 29 pr."><a name="40188"><span class="ref">[40188] IIª-IIae q. 29 pr.</span></a> Deinde
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1056 considerandum est de pace. Et circa hoc quaeruntur quatuor. Primo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1057 utrum pax sit idem quod concordia. Secundo, utrum omnia appetant
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1058 pacem. Tertio, utrum pax sit effectus caritatis. Quarto, utrum pax
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1059 sit virtus.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 1</h3><p title="II-II q. 29 a. 1 arg. 1"><a name="40189"><span class="ref">[40189] IIª-IIae q. 29 a. 1 arg. 1</span></a> Ad primum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1060 sic proceditur. Videtur quod pax sit idem quod concordia. Dicit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1061 enim Augustinus, XIX de Civ. Dei, quod <i>pax hominum est ordinata
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1062 concordia</i>. Sed non loquimur nunc nisi de pace hominum. Ergo pax
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1063 est idem quod concordia.</p><p title="II-II q. 29 a. 1 arg. 2"><a name="40190"><span class="ref">[40190] IIª-IIae q. 29 a. 1 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1064 concordia est quaedam unio voluntatum. Sed ratio pacis in tali
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1065 unione consistit, dicit enim Dionysius, XI cap. de Div. Nom., quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1066 <i>pax est omnium unitiva et consensus operativa</i>. Ergo pax est
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1067 idem quod concordia.</p><p title="II-II q. 29 a. 1 arg. 3"><a name="40191"><span class="ref">[40191] IIª-IIae q. 29 a. 1 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1068 quorum est idem oppositum, et ipsa sunt idem. Sed idem opponitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1069 concordiae et paci, scilicet dissensio, unde dicitur, I ad Cor.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1070 XIV, <i>non est dissensionis Deus, sed pacis</i>. Ergo pax est idem
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1071 quod concordia.</p><p title="II-II q. 29 a. 1 s. c."><a name="40192"><span class="ref">[40192] IIª-IIae q. 29 a. 1 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1072 est quod concordia potest esse aliquorum impiorum in malo. Sed non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1073 est pax impiis, ut dicitur Isaiae XLVIII. Ergo pax non est idem
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1074 quod concordia.</p><p title="II-II q. 29 a. 1 co."><a name="40193"><span class="ref">[40193] IIª-IIae q. 29 a. 1 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1075 dicendum quod pax includit concordiam et aliquid addit. Unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1076 ubicumque est pax, ibi est concordia, non tamen ubicumque est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1077 concordia, est pax, si nomen pacis proprie sumatur. Concordia enim,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1078 proprie sumpta, est ad alterum, inquantum scilicet diversorum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1079 cordium voluntates simul in unum consensum conveniunt. Contingit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1080 etiam unius hominis cor tendere in diversa, et hoc dupliciter. Uno
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1081 quidem modo, secundum diversas potentias appetitivas, sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1082 appetitus sensitivus plerumque tendit in contrarium rationalis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1083 appetitus, secundum illud ad Gal. V, <i>caro concupiscit adversus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1084 spiritum</i>. Alio modo, inquantum una et eadem vis appetitiva in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1085 diversa appetibilia tendit quae simul assequi non potest. Unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1086 necesse est esse repugnantiam motuum appetitus. Unio autem horum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1087 motuum est quidem de ratione pacis, non enim homo habet pacatum cor
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1088 quandiu, etsi habeat aliquid quod vult, tamen adhuc restat ei
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1089 aliquid volendum quod simul habere non potest. Haec autem unio non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1090 est de ratione concordiae. Unde concordia importat unionem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1091 appetituum diversorum appetentium, pax autem, supra hanc unionem,
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1092 importat etiam appetituum unius appetentis unionem.</p><p title="II-II q. 29 a. 1 ad 1"><a name="40194"><span class="ref">[40194] IIª-IIae q. 29 a. 1 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1093 ergo dicendum quod Augustinus loquitur ibi de pace quae est unius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1094 hominis ad alium. Et hanc pacem dicit esse concordiam, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1095 quamlibet, sed ordinatam, ex eo scilicet quod unus homo concordat
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1096 cum alio secundum illud quod utrique convenit. Si enim homo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1097 concordet cum alio non spontanea voluntate, sed quasi coactus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1098 timore alicuius mali imminentis, talis concordia non est vere pax,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1099 quia non servatur ordo utriusque concordantis, sed perturbatur ab
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1100 aliquo timorem inferente. Et propter hoc praemittit quod pax est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1101 tranquillitas ordinis. Quae quidem tranquillitas consistit in hoc
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1102 quod omnes motus appetitivi in uno homine conquiescunt.</p><p title="II-II q. 29 a. 1 ad 2"><a name="40195"><span class="ref">[40195] IIª-IIae q. 29 a. 1 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1103 dicendum quod, si homo simul cum alio homine in idem consentiat,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1104 non tamen consensus eius est omnino unitus nisi etiam sibi invicem
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1105 omnes motus appetitivi eius sint consentientes.</p><p title="II-II q. 29 a. 1 ad 3"><a name="40196"><span class="ref">[40196] IIª-IIae q. 29 a. 1 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1106 dicendum quod paci opponitur duplex dissensio, scilicet dissensio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1107 hominis ad seipsum, et dissensio hominis ad alterum. Concordiae
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1108 vero opponitur haec sola secunda dissensio.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 2</h3><p title="II-II q. 29 a. 2 arg. 1"><a name="40197"><span class="ref">[40197] IIª-IIae q. 29 a. 2 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1109 secundum sic proceditur. Videtur quod non omnia appetant pacem. Pax
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1110 enim, secundum Dionysium, est unitiva consensus. Sed in his quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1111 cognitione carent non potest uniri consensus. Ergo huiusmodi pacem
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1112 appetere non possunt.</p><p title="II-II q. 29 a. 2 arg. 2"><a name="40198"><span class="ref">[40198] IIª-IIae q. 29 a. 2 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1113 appetitus non fertur simul ad contraria. Sed multi sunt appetentes
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1114 bella et dissensiones. Ergo non omnes appetunt pacem.</p><p title="II-II q. 29 a. 2 arg. 3"><a name="40199"><span class="ref">[40199] IIª-IIae q. 29 a. 2 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1115 solum bonum est appetibile. Sed quaedam pax videtur esse mala,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1116 alioquin dominus non diceret, Matth. X, <i>non veni mittere
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1117 pacem</i>. Ergo non omnia pacem appetunt.</p><p title="II-II q. 29 a. 2 arg. 4"><a name="40200"><span class="ref">[40200] IIª-IIae q. 29 a. 2 arg. 4</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1118 illud quod omnia appetunt videtur esse summum bonum, quod est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1119 ultimus finis. Sed pax non est huiusmodi, quia etiam in statu viae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1120 habetur; alioquin frustra dominus mandaret, Marc. IX, <i>pacem
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1121 habete inter vos</i>. Ergo non omnia pacem appetunt.</p><p title="II-II q. 29 a. 2 s. c."><a name="40201"><span class="ref">[40201] IIª-IIae q. 29 a. 2 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1122 est quod Augustinus dicit, XIX de Civ. Dei, quod omnia pacem
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1123 appetunt. Et idem etiam dicit Dionysius, XI cap. de Div. Nom.</p><p title="II-II q. 29 a. 2 co."><a name="40202"><span class="ref">[40202] IIª-IIae q. 29 a. 2 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1124 dicendum quod ex hoc ipso quod homo aliquid appetit, consequens est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1125 ipsum appetere eius quod appetit assecutionem, et per consequens
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1126 remotionem eorum quae consecutionem impedire possunt. Potest autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1127 impediri assecutio boni desiderati per contrarium appetitum vel sui
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1128 ipsius vel alterius, et utrumque tollitur per pacem, sicut supra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1129 dictum est. Et ideo necesse est quod omne appetens appetat pacem,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1130 inquantum scilicet omne appetens appetit tranquille et sine
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1131 impedimento pervenire ad id quod appetit, in quo consistit ratio
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1132 pacis, quam Augustinus definit tranquillitatem ordinis.</p><p title="II-II q. 29 a. 2 ad 1"><a name="40203"><span class="ref">[40203] IIª-IIae q. 29 a. 2 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1133 ergo dicendum quod pax importat unionem non solum appetitus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1134 intellectualis seu rationalis aut animalis, ad quos potest
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1135 pertinere consensus, sed etiam appetitus naturalis. Et ideo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1136 Dionysius dicit quod <i>pax est operativa et consensus et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1137 connaturalitatis</i>, ut in consensu importetur unio appetituum ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1138 cognitione procedentium; per connaturalitatem vero importatur unio
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1139 appetituum naturalium.</p><p title="II-II q. 29 a. 2 ad 2"><a name="40204"><span class="ref">[40204] IIª-IIae q. 29 a. 2 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1140 dicendum quod illi etiam qui bella quaerunt et dissensiones non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1141 desiderant nisi pacem, quam se habere non aestimant. Ut enim dictum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1142 est, non est pax si quis cum alio concordet contra id quod ipse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1143 magis vellet. Et ideo homines quaerunt hanc concordiam rumpere
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1144 bellando, tanquam defectum pacis habentem, ut ad pacem perveniant
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1145 in qua nihil eorum voluntati repugnet. Et propter hoc omnes
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1146 bellantes quaerunt per bella ad pacem aliquam pervenire
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1147 perfectiorem quam prius haberent.</p><p title="II-II q. 29 a. 2 ad 3"><a name="40205"><span class="ref">[40205] IIª-IIae q. 29 a. 2 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1148 dicendum quod, quia pax consistit in quietatione et unione
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1149 appetitus; sicut autem appetitus potest esse vel boni simpliciter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1150 vel boni apparentis, ita etiam et pax potest esse et vera et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1151 apparens, vera quidem pax non potest esse nisi circa appetitum veri
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1152 boni; quia omne malum, etsi secundum aliquid appareat bonum, unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1153 ex aliqua parte appetitum quietet, habet tamen multos defectus, ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1154 quibus appetitus remanet inquietus et perturbatus. Unde pax vera
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1155 non potest esse nisi in bonis et bonorum. Pax autem quae malorum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1156 est, est pax apparens et non vera. Unde dicitur Sap. XIV, <i>in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1157 magno viventes inscientiae bello, tot et tanta mala pacem arbitrati
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1158 sunt</i>.</p><p title="II-II q. 29 a. 2 ad 4"><a name="40206"><span class="ref">[40206] IIª-IIae q. 29 a. 2 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1159 dicendum quod, cum vera pax non sit nisi de bono, sicut dupliciter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1160 habetur verum bonum, scilicet perfecte et imperfecte, ita est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1161 duplex pax vera. Una quidem perfecta, quae consistit in perfecta
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1162 fruitione summi boni, per quam omnes appetitus uniuntur quietati in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1163 uno. Et hic est ultimus finis creaturae rationalis, secundum illud
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1164 Psalm., <i>qui posuit fines tuos pacem</i>. Alia vero est pax
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1165 imperfecta, quae habetur in hoc mundo. Quia etsi principalis animae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1166 motus quiescat in Deo, sunt tamen aliqua repugnantia et intus et
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1167 extra quae perturbant hanc pacem.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 3</h3><p title="II-II q. 29 a. 3 arg. 1"><a name="40207"><span class="ref">[40207] IIª-IIae q. 29 a. 3 arg. 1</span></a> Ad tertium
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1168 sic proceditur. Videtur quod pax non sit proprius effectus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1169 caritatis. Caritas enim non habetur sine gratia gratum faciente.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1170 Sed pax a quibusdam habetur qui non habent gratiam gratum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1171 facientem, sicut et gentiles aliquando habent pacem. Ergo pax non
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1172 est effectus caritatis.</p><p title="II-II q. 29 a. 3 arg. 2"><a name="40208"><span class="ref">[40208] IIª-IIae q. 29 a. 3 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1173 illud non est effectus caritatis cuius contrarium cum caritate esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1174 potest. Sed dissensio, quae contrariatur paci, potest esse cum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1175 caritate, videmus enim quod etiam sacri doctores, ut Hieronymus et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1176 Augustinus, in aliquibus opinionibus dissenserunt; Paulus etiam et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1177 Barnabas dissensisse leguntur, Act. XV. Ergo videtur quod pax non
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1178 sit effectus caritatis.</p><p title="II-II q. 29 a. 3 arg. 3"><a name="40209"><span class="ref">[40209] IIª-IIae q. 29 a. 3 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1179 idem non est proprius effectus diversorum. Sed pax est effectus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1180 iustitiae, secundum illud Isaiae XXXII, <i>opus iustitiae pax</i>.
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1181 Ergo non est effectus caritatis.</p><p title="II-II q. 29 a. 3 s. c."><a name="40210"><span class="ref">[40210] IIª-IIae q. 29 a. 3 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1182 est quod dicitur in Psalm., <i>pax multa diligentibus legem
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1183 tuam</i>.</p><p title="II-II q. 29 a. 3 co."><a name="40211"><span class="ref">[40211] IIª-IIae q. 29 a. 3 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1184 dicendum quod duplex unio est de ratione pacis, sicut dictum est,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1185 quarum una est secundum ordinationem propriorum appetituum in unum;
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1186 alia vero est secundum unionem appetitus proprii cum appetitu
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1187 alterius. Et utramque unionem efficit caritas. Primam quidem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1188 unionem, secundum quod Deus diligitur ex toto corde, ut scilicet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1189 omnia referamus in ipsum, et sic omnes appetitus nostri in unum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1190 feruntur. Aliam vero, prout diligimus proximum sicut nosipsos, ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1191 quo contingit quod homo vult implere voluntatem proximi sicut et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1192 sui ipsius. Et propter hoc inter amicabilia unum ponitur identitas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1193 electionis, ut patet in IX Ethic.; et Tullius dicit, in libro de
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1194 amicitia, quod <i>amicorum est idem velle et nolle</i>.</p><p title="II-II q. 29 a. 3 ad 1"><a name="40212"><span class="ref">[40212] IIª-IIae q. 29 a. 3 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1195 ergo dicendum quod a gratia gratum faciente nullus deficit nisi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1196 propter peccatum, ex quo contingit quod homo sit aversus a fine
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1197 debito, in aliquo indebito finem constituens. Et secundum hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1198 appetitus eius non inhaeret principaliter vero finali bono, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1199 apparenti. Et propter hoc sine gratia gratum faciente non potest
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1200 esse vera pax, sed solum apparens.</p><p title="II-II q. 29 a. 3 ad 2"><a name="40213"><span class="ref">[40213] IIª-IIae q. 29 a. 3 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1201 dicendum quod, sicut philosophus dicit, in IX Ethic., ad amicitiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1202 non pertinet concordia in opinionibus, sed concordia in bonis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1203 conferentibus ad vitam, et praecipue in magnis, quia dissentire in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1204 aliquibus parvis quasi videtur non esse dissensus. Et propter hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1205 nihil prohibet aliquos caritatem habentes in opinionibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1206 dissentire. Nec hoc repugnat paci, quia opiniones pertinent ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1207 intellectum, qui praecedit appetitum, qui per pacem unitur.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1208 Similiter etiam, existente concordia in principalibus bonis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1209 dissensio in aliquibus parvis non est contra caritatem. Procedit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1210 enim talis dissensio ex diversitate opinionum, dum unus aestimat
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1211 hoc de quo est dissensio pertinere ad illud bonum in quo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1212 conveniunt, et alius aestimat non pertinere. Et secundum hoc talis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1213 dissensio de minimis et de opinionibus repugnat quidem paci
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1214 perfectae, in qua plene veritas cognoscetur et omnis appetitus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1215 complebitur, non tamen repugnat paci imperfectae, qualis habetur in
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1216 via.</p><p title="II-II q. 29 a. 3 ad 3"><a name="40214"><span class="ref">[40214] IIª-IIae q. 29 a. 3 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1217 dicendum quod pax est opus iustitiae indirecte, inquantum scilicet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1218 removet prohibens. Sed est opus caritatis directe, quia secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1219 propriam rationem caritas pacem causat. Est enim amor vis unitiva,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1220 ut Dionysius dicit, IV cap. de Div. Nom. pax autem est unio
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1221 appetitivarum inclinationum.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 4</h3><p title="II-II q. 29 a. 4 arg. 1"><a name="40215"><span class="ref">[40215] IIª-IIae q. 29 a. 4 arg. 1</span></a> Ad quartum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1222 sic proceditur. Videtur quod pax sit virtus. Praecepta enim non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1223 dantur nisi de actibus virtutum. Sed dantur praecepta de habendo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1224 pacem, ut patet Marc. IX, <i>pacem habete inter vos</i>. Ergo pax
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1225 est virtus.</p><p title="II-II q. 29 a. 4 arg. 2"><a name="40216"><span class="ref">[40216] IIª-IIae q. 29 a. 4 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1226 non meremur nisi actibus virtutum. Sed facere pacem est meritorium,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1227 secundum illud Matth. V, <i>beati pacifici, quoniam filii Dei
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1228 vocabuntur</i>. Ergo pax est virtus.</p><p title="II-II q. 29 a. 4 arg. 3"><a name="40217"><span class="ref">[40217] IIª-IIae q. 29 a. 4 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1229 vitia virtutibus opponuntur. Sed dissensiones, quae opponuntur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1230 paci, numerantur inter vitia; ut patet ad Gal. V. Ergo pax est
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1231 virtus.</p><p title="II-II q. 29 a. 4 s. c."><a name="40218"><span class="ref">[40218] IIª-IIae q. 29 a. 4 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1232 virtus non est finis ultimus, sed via in ipsum. Sed pax est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1233 quodammodo finis ultimus; ut Augustinus dicit, XIX de Civ. Dei.
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1234 Ergo pax non est virtus.</p><p title="II-II q. 29 a. 4 co."><a name="40219"><span class="ref">[40219] IIª-IIae q. 29 a. 4 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1235 dicendum quod, sicut supra dictum est, cum omnes actus se invicem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1236 consequuntur, secundum eandem rationem ab agente procedentes, omnes
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1237 huiusmodi actus ab una virtute procedunt, nec habent singuli
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1238 singulas virtutes a quibus procedant. Ut patet in rebus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1239 corporalibus, quia enim ignis calefaciendo liquefacit et rarefacit,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1240 non est in igne alia virtus liquefactiva et alia rarefactiva, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1241 omnes actus hos operatur ignis per unam suam virtutem calefactivam.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1242 Cum igitur pax causetur ex caritate secundum ipsam rationem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1243 dilectionis Dei et proximi, ut ostensum est, non est alia virtus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1244 cuius pax sit proprius actus nisi caritas, sicut et de gaudio
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1245 dictum est.</p><p title="II-II q. 29 a. 4 ad 1"><a name="40220"><span class="ref">[40220] IIª-IIae q. 29 a. 4 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1246 ergo dicendum quod ideo praeceptum datur de pace habenda, quia est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1247 actus caritatis. Et propter hoc etiam est actus meritorius. Et ideo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1248 ponitur inter beatitudines, quae sunt actus virtutis perfectae, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1249 supra dictum est. Ponitur etiam inter fructus, inquantum est
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1250 quoddam finale bonum spiritualem dulcedinem habens.</p><p title="II-II q. 29 a. 4 ad 2"><a name="40221"><span class="ref">[40221] IIª-IIae q. 29 a. 4 ad 2</span></a> Et per hoc
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1251 patet solutio ad secundum.</p><p title="II-II q. 29 a. 4 ad 3"><a name="40222"><span class="ref">[40222] IIª-IIae q. 29 a. 4 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1252 dicendum quod uni virtuti multa vitia opponuntur, secundum diversos
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1253 actus eius. Et secundum hoc caritati non solum opponitur odium,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1254 ratione actus dilectionis; sed etiam acedia vel invidia, ratione
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1255 gaudii; et dissensio, ratione pacis.</p></div></div><div class="q" id="q30"><h2>Quaestio 30</h2><div class="p"><h3>Prooemium</h3><p title="II-II q. 30 pr."><a name="40223"><span class="ref">[40223] IIª-IIae q. 30 pr.</span></a> Deinde
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1256 considerandum est de misericordia. Et circa hoc quaeruntur quatuor.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1257 Primo, utrum malum sit causa misericordiae ex parte eius cuius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1258 miseremur. Secundo, quorum sit misereri. Tertio, utrum misericordia
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1259 sit virtus. Quarto, utrum sit maxima virtutum.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 1</h3><p title="II-II q. 30 a. 1 arg. 1"><a name="40224"><span class="ref">[40224] IIª-IIae q. 30 a. 1 arg. 1</span></a> Ad primum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1260 sic proceditur. Videtur quod malum non sit proprie motivum ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1261 misericordiam. Ut enim supra ostensum est, culpa est magis malum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1262 quam poena. Sed culpa non est provocativum ad misericordiam, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1263 magis ad indignationem. Ergo malum non est misericordiae
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1264 provocativum.</p><p title="II-II q. 30 a. 1 arg. 2"><a name="40225"><span class="ref">[40225] IIª-IIae q. 30 a. 1 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1265 ea quae sunt crudelia seu dira videntur quendam excessum mali
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1266 habere. Sed philosophus dicit, in II Rhet., quod <i>dirum est aliud
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1267 a miserabili, et expulsivum miserationis</i>. Ergo malum, inquantum
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1268 huiusmodi, non est motivum ad misericordiam.</p><p title="II-II q. 30 a. 1 arg. 3"><a name="40226"><span class="ref">[40226] IIª-IIae q. 30 a. 1 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1269 signa malorum non vere sunt mala. Sed signa malorum provocant ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1270 misericordiam; ut patet per philosophum, in II Rhet. Ergo malum non
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1271 est proprie provocativum misericordiae.</p><p title="II-II q. 30 a. 1 s. c."><a name="40227"><span class="ref">[40227] IIª-IIae q. 30 a. 1 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1272 est quod Damascenus dicit, in II Lib., quod misericordia est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1273 species tristitiae. Sed motivum ad tristitiam est malum. Ergo
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1274 motivum ad misericordiam est malum.</p><p title="II-II q. 30 a. 1 co."><a name="40228"><span class="ref">[40228] IIª-IIae q. 30 a. 1 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1275 dicendum quod, sicut Augustinus dicit, IX de Civ. Dei,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1276 <i>misericordia est alienae miseriae in nostro corde compassio, qua
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1277 utique, si possumus, subvenire compellimur</i>, dicitur enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1278 misericordia ex eo quod aliquis habet miserum cor super miseria
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1279 alterius. Miseria autem felicitati opponitur. Est autem de ratione
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1280 beatitudinis sive felicitatis ut aliquis potiatur eo quod vult, nam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1281 sicut Augustinus dicit, XIII de Trin., <i>beatus qui habet omnia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1282 quae vult, et nihil mali vult</i>. Et ideo e contrario ad miseriam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1283 pertinet ut homo patiatur quae non vult. Tripliciter autem aliquis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1284 vult aliquid. Uno quidem modo, appetitu naturali, sicut omnes
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1285 homines volunt esse et vivere. Alio modo homo vult aliquid per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1286 electionem ex aliqua praemeditatione. Tertio modo homo vult aliquid
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1287 non secundum se, sed in causa sua, puta, qui vult comedere nociva,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1288 quodammodo dicimus eum velle infirmari. Sic igitur motivum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1289 misericordiae est, tanquam ad miseriam pertinens, primo quidem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1290 illud quod contrariatur appetitui naturali volentis, scilicet mala
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1291 corruptiva et contristantia, quorum contraria homines naturaliter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1292 appetunt. Unde philosophus dicit, in II Rhet., quod <i>misericordia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1293 est tristitia quaedam super apparenti malo corruptivo vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1294 contristativo</i>. Secundo, huiusmodi magis efficiuntur ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1295 misericordiam provocantia si sint contra voluntatem electionis.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1296 Unde et philosophus ibidem dicit quod illa mala sunt miserabilia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1297 quorum fortuna est causa, puta cum aliquod malum eveniat unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1298 sperabatur bonum. Tertio autem, sunt adhuc magis miserabilia si
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1299 sunt contra totam voluntatem, puta si aliquis semper sectatus est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1300 bona et eveniunt ei mala. Et ideo philosophus dicit, in eodem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1301 libro, quod <i>misericordia maxime est super malis eius qui
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1302 indignus patitur</i>.</p><p title="II-II q. 30 a. 1 ad 1"><a name="40229"><span class="ref">[40229] IIª-IIae q. 30 a. 1 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1303 ergo dicendum quod de ratione culpae est quod sit voluntaria. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1304 quantum ad hoc non habet rationem miserabilis, sed magis rationem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1305 puniendi. Sed quia culpa potest esse aliquo modo poena, inquantum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1306 scilicet habet aliquid annexum quod est contra voluntatem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1307 peccantis, secundum hoc potest habere rationem miserabilis. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1308 secundum hoc miseremur et compatimur peccantibus, sicut Gregorius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1309 dicit, in quadam homilia, quod vera iustitia non habet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1310 dedignationem, scilicet ad peccatores, sed compassionem. Et Matth.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1311 IX dicitur, <i>videns Iesus turbas misertus est eis, quia erant
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1312 vexati, et iacentes sicut oves non habentes pastorem</i>.</p><p title="II-II q. 30 a. 1 ad 2"><a name="40230"><span class="ref">[40230] IIª-IIae q. 30 a. 1 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1313 dicendum quod quia misericordia est compassio miseriae alterius,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1314 proprie misericordia est ad alterum, non autem ad seipsum, nisi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1315 secundum quandam similitudinem, sicut et iustitia, secundum quod in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1316 homine considerantur diversae partes, ut dicitur in V Ethic. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1317 secundum hoc dicitur Eccli. XXX, <i>miserere animae tuae placens
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1318 Deo</i>. Sicut ergo misericordia non est proprie ad seipsum, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1319 dolor, puta cum patimur aliquid crudele in nobis; ita etiam, si
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1320 sint aliquae personae ita nobis coniunctae ut sint quasi aliquid
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1321 nostri, puta filii aut parentes, in eorum malis non miseremur, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1322 dolemus, sicut in vulneribus propriis. Et secundum hoc philosophus
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1323 dicit quod dirum est expulsivum miserationis.</p><p title="II-II q. 30 a. 1 ad 3"><a name="40231"><span class="ref">[40231] IIª-IIae q. 30 a. 1 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1324 dicendum quod sicut ex spe et memoria bonorum sequitur delectatio,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1325 ita ex spe et memoria malorum sequitur tristitia, non autem tam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1326 vehemens sicut ex sensu praesentium. Et ideo signa malorum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1327 inquantum repraesentant nobis mala miserabilia sicut praesentia,
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1328 commovent ad miserendum.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 2</h3><p title="II-II q. 30 a. 2 arg. 1"><a name="40232"><span class="ref">[40232] IIª-IIae q. 30 a. 2 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1329 secundum sic proceditur. Videtur quod defectus non sit ratio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1330 miserendi ex parte miserentis. Proprium enim Dei est misereri, unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1331 dicitur in Psalm., <i>miserationes eius super omnia opera eius</i>.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1332 Sed in Deo nullus est defectus. Ergo defectus non potest esse ratio
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1333 miserendi.</p><p title="II-II q. 30 a. 2 arg. 2"><a name="40233"><span class="ref">[40233] IIª-IIae q. 30 a. 2 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1334 si defectus est ratio miserendi, oportet quod illi qui maxime sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1335 cum defectu maxime miserentur. Sed hoc est falsum, dicit enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1336 philosophus, in II Rhet., quod <i>qui ex toto perierunt non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1337 miserentur</i>. Ergo videtur quod defectus non sit ratio miserendi
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1338 ex parte miserentis.</p><p title="II-II q. 30 a. 2 arg. 3"><a name="40234"><span class="ref">[40234] IIª-IIae q. 30 a. 2 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1339 sustinere aliquam contumeliam ad defectum pertinet. Sed philosophus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1340 dicit ibidem quod <i>illi qui sunt in contumeliativa dispositione
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1341 non miserentur</i>. Ergo defectus ex parte miserentis non est ratio
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1342 miserendi.</p><p title="II-II q. 30 a. 2 s. c."><a name="40235"><span class="ref">[40235] IIª-IIae q. 30 a. 2 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1343 est quod misericordia est quaedam tristitia. Sed defectus est ratio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1344 tristitiae, unde infirmi facilius contristantur, ut supra dictum
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1345 est. Ergo ratio miserendi est defectus miserentis.</p><p title="II-II q. 30 a. 2 co."><a name="40236"><span class="ref">[40236] IIª-IIae q. 30 a. 2 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1346 dicendum quod, cum misericordia sit compassio super miseria aliena,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1347 ut dictum est, ex hoc contingit quod aliquis misereatur ex quo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1348 contingit quod de miseria aliena doleat. Quia autem tristitia seu
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1349 dolor est de proprio malo, intantum aliquis de miseria aliena
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1350 tristatur aut dolet inquantum miseriam alienam apprehendit ut suam.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1351 Hoc autem contingit dupliciter. Uno modo, secundum unionem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1352 affectus, quod fit per amorem. Quia enim amans reputat amicum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1353 tanquam seipsum, malum ipsius reputat tanquam suum malum, et ideo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1354 dolet de malo amici sicut de suo. Et inde est quod philosophus, in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1355 IX Ethic., inter alia amicabilia ponit hoc quod est condolere
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1356 amico. Et apostolus dicit, ad Rom. XII, <i>gaudere cum gaudentibus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1357 flere cum flentibus</i>. Alio modo contingit secundum unionem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1358 realem, utpote cum malum aliquorum propinquum est ut ab eis ad nos
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1359 transeat. Et ideo philosophus dicit, in II Rhet., homines
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1360 miserentur super illos qui sunt eis coniuncti et similes, quia per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1361 hoc fit eis aestimatio quod ipsi etiam possint similia pati. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1362 inde est etiam quod senes et sapientes, qui considerant se posse in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1363 mala incidere, et debiles et formidolosi magis sunt misericordes. E
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1364 contrario autem alii, qui reputant se esse felices et intantum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1365 potentes quod nihil mali putant se posse pati, non ita miserentur.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1366 Sic igitur semper defectus est ratio miserendi, vel inquantum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1367 aliquis defectum alicuius reputat suum, propter unionem amoris; vel
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1368 propter possibilitatem similia patiendi.</p><p title="II-II q. 30 a. 2 ad 1"><a name="40237"><span class="ref">[40237] IIª-IIae q. 30 a. 2 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1369 ergo dicendum quod Deus non miseretur nisi propter amorem,
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1370 inquantum amat nos tanquam aliquid sui.</p><p title="II-II q. 30 a. 2 ad 2"><a name="40238"><span class="ref">[40238] IIª-IIae q. 30 a. 2 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1371 dicendum quod illi qui iam sunt in infimis malis non timent se
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1372 ulterius pati aliquid, et ideo non miserentur. Similiter etiam nec
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1373 illi qui valde timent, quia tantum intendunt propriae passioni quod
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1374 non intendunt miseriae alienae.</p><p title="II-II q. 30 a. 2 ad 3"><a name="40239"><span class="ref">[40239] IIª-IIae q. 30 a. 2 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1375 dicendum quod illi qui sunt in contumeliativa dispositione, sive
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1376 quia sint contumeliam passi, sive quia velint contumeliam inferre,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1377 provocantur ad iram et audaciam, quae sunt quaedam passiones
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1378 virilitatis extollentes animum hominis ad arduum. Unde auferunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1379 homini aestimationem quod sit aliquid in futurum passurus. Unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1380 tales, dum sunt in hac dispositione, non miserentur, secundum illud
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1381 Prov. XXVII, <i>ira non habet misericordiam, neque erumpens
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1382 furor</i>. Et ex simili ratione superbi non miserentur, qui
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1383 contemnunt alios et reputant eos malos. Unde reputant quod digne
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1384 patiantur quidquid patiuntur. Unde et Gregorius dicit quod falsa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1385 iustitia, scilicet superborum, non habet compassionem, sed
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1386 dedignationem.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 3</h3><p title="II-II q. 30 a. 3 arg. 1"><a name="40240"><span class="ref">[40240] IIª-IIae q. 30 a. 3 arg. 1</span></a> Ad tertium
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1387 sic proceditur. Videtur quod misericordia non sit virtus.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1388 Principale enim in virtute est electio, ut patet per philosophum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1389 in libro Ethic. Electio autem est appetitus praeconsiliati, ut in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1390 eodem libro dicitur. Illud ergo quod impedit consilium non potest
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1391 dici virtus. Sed misericordia impedit consilium, secundum illud
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1392 Sallustii, <i>omnes homines qui de rebus dubiis consultant ab ira
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1393 et misericordia vacuos esse decet, non enim animus facile verum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1394 providet ubi ista officiunt</i>. Ergo misericordia non est
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1395 virtus.</p><p title="II-II q. 30 a. 3 arg. 2"><a name="40241"><span class="ref">[40241] IIª-IIae q. 30 a. 3 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1396 nihil quod est contrarium virtuti est laudabile. Sed Nemesis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1397 contrariatur misericordiae, ut philosophus dicit, in II Rhet.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1398 Nemesis autem est passio laudabilis, ut dicitur in II Ethic. Ergo
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1399 misericordia non est virtus.</p><p title="II-II q. 30 a. 3 arg. 3"><a name="40242"><span class="ref">[40242] IIª-IIae q. 30 a. 3 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1400 gaudium et pax non sunt speciales virtutes quia consequuntur ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1401 caritate, ut supra dictum est. Sed etiam misericordia consequitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1402 ex caritate, sic enim ex caritate flemus cum flentibus sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1403 gaudemus cum gaudentibus. Ergo misericordia non est specialis
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1404 virtus.</p><p title="II-II q. 30 a. 3 arg. 4"><a name="40243"><span class="ref">[40243] IIª-IIae q. 30 a. 3 arg. 4</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1405 cum misericordia ad vim appetitivam pertineat, non est virtus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1406 intellectualis. Nec est virtus theologica, cum non habeat Deum pro
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1407 obiecto. Similiter etiam non est virtus moralis, quia nec est circa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1408 operationes, hoc enim pertinet ad iustitiam; nec est circa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1409 passiones, non enim reducitur ad aliquam duodecim medietatum quas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1410 philosophus ponit, in II Ethic. Ergo misericordia non est
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1411 virtus.</p><p title="II-II q. 30 a. 3 s. c."><a name="40244"><span class="ref">[40244] IIª-IIae q. 30 a. 3 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1412 est quod Augustinus dicit, in IX de Civ. Dei, <i>longe melius et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1413 humanius et piorum sensibus accommodatius Cicero in Caesaris laude
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1414 locutus est, ubi ait, nulla de virtutibus tuis nec admirabilior nec
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1415 gratior misericordia est</i>. Ergo misericordia est virtus.</p><p title="II-II q. 30 a. 3 co."><a name="40245"><span class="ref">[40245] IIª-IIae q. 30 a. 3 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1416 dicendum quod misericordia importat dolorem de miseria aliena. Iste
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1417 autem dolor potest nominare, uno quidem modo, motum appetitus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1418 sensitivi. Et secundum hoc misericordia passio est, et non virtus.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1419 Alio vero modo potest nominare motum appetitus intellectivi,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1420 secundum quod alicui displicet malum alterius. Hic autem motus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1421 potest esse secundum rationem regulatus, et potest secundum hunc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1422 motum ratione regulatum regulari motus inferioris appetitus. Unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1423 Augustinus dicit, in IX de Civ. Dei, quod <i>iste motus animi,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1424 scilicet misericordia, servit rationi quando ita praebetur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1425 misericordia ut iustitia conservetur, sive cum indigenti tribuitur,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1426 sive cum ignoscitur poenitenti</i>. Et quia ratio virtutis humanae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1427 consistit in hoc quod motus animi ratione reguletur, ut ex
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1428 superioribus patet, consequens est misericordiam esse virtutem.</p><p title="II-II q. 30 a. 3 ad 1"><a name="40246"><span class="ref">[40246] IIª-IIae q. 30 a. 3 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1429 ergo dicendum quod auctoritas illa Sallustii intelligitur de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1430 misericordia secundum quod est passio ratione non regulata. Sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1431 enim impedit consilium rationis, dum facit a iustitia
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1432 discedere.</p><p title="II-II q. 30 a. 3 ad 2"><a name="40247"><span class="ref">[40247] IIª-IIae q. 30 a. 3 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1433 dicendum quod philosophus loquitur ibi de misericordia et Nemesi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1434 secundum quod utrumque est passio. Et habent quidem contrarietatem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1435 ex parte aestimationis quam habent de malis alienis, de quibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1436 misericors dolet, inquantum aestimat aliquem indigna pati;
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1437 Nemeseticus autem gaudet, inquantum aestimat aliquos digne pati, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1438 tristatur si indignis bene accidat. Et utrumque est laudabile, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1439 ab eodem more descendens, ut ibidem dicitur. Sed proprie
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1440 misericordiae opponitur invidia, ut infra dicetur.</p><p title="II-II q. 30 a. 3 ad 3"><a name="40248"><span class="ref">[40248] IIª-IIae q. 30 a. 3 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1441 dicendum quod gaudium et pax nihil adiiciunt super rationem boni
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1442 quod est obiectum caritatis, et ideo non requirunt alias virtutes
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1443 quam caritatem. Sed misericordia respicit quandam specialem
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1444 rationem, scilicet miseriam eius cuius miseretur.</p><p title="II-II q. 30 a. 3 ad 4"><a name="40249"><span class="ref">[40249] IIª-IIae q. 30 a. 3 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1445 dicendum quod misericordia, secundum quod est virtus, est moralis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1446 virtus circa passiones existens, et reducitur ad illam medietatem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1447 quae dicitur Nemesis, quia ab eodem more procedunt, ut in II Rhet.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1448 dicitur. Has autem medietates philosophus non ponit virtutes, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1449 passiones, quia etiam secundum quod sunt passiones, laudabiles
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1450 sunt. Nihil tamen prohibet quin ab aliquo habitu electivo
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1451 proveniant. Et secundum hoc assumunt rationem virtutis.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 4</h3><p title="II-II q. 30 a. 4 arg. 1"><a name="40250"><span class="ref">[40250] IIª-IIae q. 30 a. 4 arg. 1</span></a> Ad quartum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1452 sic proceditur. Videtur quod misericordia sit maxima virtutum.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1453 Maxime enim ad virtutem pertinere videtur cultus divinus. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1454 misericordia cultui divino praefertur, secundum illud Osee VI et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1455 Matth. XII, <i>misericordiam volo, et non sacrificium</i>. Ergo
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1456 misericordia est maxima virtus.</p><p title="II-II q. 30 a. 4 arg. 2"><a name="40251"><span class="ref">[40251] IIª-IIae q. 30 a. 4 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1457 super illud I ad Tim. IV, <i>pietas ad omnia utilis est</i>, dicit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1458 Glossa Ambrosii, <i>omnis summa disciplinae Christianae in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1459 misericordia et pietate est</i>. Sed disciplina Christiana continet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1460 omnem virtutem. Ergo summa totius virtutis in misericordia
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1461 consistit.</p><p title="II-II q. 30 a. 4 arg. 3"><a name="40252"><span class="ref">[40252] IIª-IIae q. 30 a. 4 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1462 virtus est quae bonum facit habentem. Ergo tanto aliqua virtus est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1463 melior quanto facit hominem Deo similiorem, quia per hoc melior est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1464 homo quod Deo est similior. Sed hoc maxime facit misericordia, quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1465 de Deo dicitur in Psalm. quod <i>miserationes eius sunt super omnia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1466 opera eius</i>. Unde et Luc. VI dominus dicit, <i>estote
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1467 misericordes, sicut et pater vester misericors est</i>.
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1468 Misericordia igitur est maxima virtutum.</p><p title="II-II q. 30 a. 4 s. c."><a name="40253"><span class="ref">[40253] IIª-IIae q. 30 a. 4 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1469 est quod apostolus, ad Coloss. III, cum dixisset, <i>induite vos,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1470 sicut dilecti Dei, viscera misericordiae</i> etc., postea subdit,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1471 <i>super omnia, caritatem habete</i>. Ergo misericordia non est
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1472 maxima virtutum.</p><p title="II-II q. 30 a. 4 co."><a name="40254"><span class="ref">[40254] IIª-IIae q. 30 a. 4 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1473 dicendum quod aliqua virtus potest esse maxima dupliciter, uno
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1474 modo, secundum se; alio modo, per comparationem ad habentem.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1475 Secundum se quidem misericordia maxima est. Pertinet enim ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1476 misericordiam quod alii effundat; et, quod plus est, quod defectus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1477 aliorum sublevet; et hoc est maxime superioris. Unde et misereri
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1478 ponitur proprium Deo, et in hoc maxime dicitur eius omnipotentia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1479 manifestari. Sed quoad habentem, misericordia non est maxima, nisi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1480 ille qui habet sit maximus, qui nullum supra se habeat, sed omnes
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1481 sub se. Ei enim qui supra se aliquem habet maius est et melius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1482 coniungi superiori quam supplere defectum inferioris. Et ideo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1483 quantum ad hominem, qui habet Deum superiorem, caritas, per quam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1484 Deo unitur, est potior quam misericordia, per quam defectus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1485 proximorum supplet. Sed inter omnes virtutes quae ad proximum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1486 pertinent potissima est misericordia, sicut etiam est potioris
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1487 actus, nam supplere defectum alterius, inquantum huiusmodi, est
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1488 superioris et melioris.</p><p title="II-II q. 30 a. 4 ad 1"><a name="40255"><span class="ref">[40255] IIª-IIae q. 30 a. 4 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1489 ergo dicendum quod Deum non colimus per exteriora sacrificia aut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1490 munera propter ipsum, sed propter nos et propter proximos, non enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1491 indiget sacrificiis nostris, sed vult ea sibi offerri propter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1492 nostram devotionem et proximorum utilitatem. Et ideo misericordia,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1493 qua subvenitur defectibus aliorum, est sacrificium ei magis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1494 acceptum, utpote propinquius utilitatem proximorum inducens,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1495 secundum illud Heb. ult., <i>beneficentiae et communionis nolite
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1496 oblivisci, talibus enim hostiis promeretur Deus</i>.</p><p title="II-II q. 30 a. 4 ad 2"><a name="40256"><span class="ref">[40256] IIª-IIae q. 30 a. 4 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1497 dicendum quod summa religionis Christianae in misericordia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1498 consistit quantum ad exteriora opera. Interior tamen affectio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1499 caritatis, qua coniungimur Deo, praeponderat et dilectioni et
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1500 misericordiae in proximos.</p><p title="II-II q. 30 a. 4 ad 3"><a name="40257"><span class="ref">[40257] IIª-IIae q. 30 a. 4 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1501 dicendum quod per caritatem assimilamur Deo tanquam ei per affectum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1502 uniti. Et ideo potior est quam misericordia, per quam assimilamur
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1503 Deo secundum similitudinem operationis.</p></div></div><div class="q" id="q31"><h2>Quaestio 31</h2><div class="p"><h3>Prooemium</h3><p title="II-II q. 31 pr."><a name="40258"><span class="ref">[40258] IIª-IIae q. 31 pr.</span></a> Deinde
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1504 considerandum est de exterioribus actibus vel effectibus caritatis.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1505 Et primo, de beneficentia; secundo, de eleemosyna, quae est quaedam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1506 pars beneficentiae; tertio, de correctione fraterna, quae est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1507 quaedam eleemosyna. Circa primum quaeruntur quatuor. Primo, utrum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1508 beneficentia sit actus caritatis. Secundo, utrum sit omnibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1509 benefaciendum. Tertio, utrum magis coniunctis sit magis
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1510 benefaciendum. Quarto, utrum beneficentia sit virtus specialis.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 1</h3><p title="II-II q. 31 a. 1 arg. 1"><a name="40259"><span class="ref">[40259] IIª-IIae q. 31 a. 1 arg. 1</span></a> Ad primum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1511 sic proceditur. Videtur quod beneficentia non sit actus caritatis.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1512 Caritas enim maxime habetur ad Deum. Sed ad eum non possumus esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1513 benefici, secundum illud Iob XXXV, <i>quid dabis ei? Aut quid de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1514 manu tua accipiet?</i> Ergo beneficentia non est actus
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1515 caritatis.</p><p title="II-II q. 31 a. 1 arg. 2"><a name="40260"><span class="ref">[40260] IIª-IIae q. 31 a. 1 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1516 beneficentia maxime consistit in collatione donorum. Sed hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1517 pertinet ad liberalitatem. Ergo beneficentia non est actus
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1518 caritatis, sed liberalitatis.</p><p title="II-II q. 31 a. 1 arg. 3"><a name="40261"><span class="ref">[40261] IIª-IIae q. 31 a. 1 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1519 omne quod quis dat, vel dat sicut debitum vel dat sicut non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1520 debitum. Sed beneficium quod impenditur tanquam debitum pertinet ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1521 iustitiam, quod autem impenditur tanquam non debitum, gratis datur,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1522 et secundum hoc pertinet ad misericordiam. Ergo omnis beneficentia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1523 vel est actus iustitiae vel est actus misericordiae. Non est ergo
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1524 actus caritatis.</p><p title="II-II q. 31 a. 1 s. c."><a name="40262"><span class="ref">[40262] IIª-IIae q. 31 a. 1 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1525 caritas est amicitia quaedam, ut dictum est. Sed philosophus, in IX
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1526 Ethic., inter alios amicitiae actus ponit hoc unum quod est operari
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1527 bonum ad amicos, quod est amicis benefacere. Ergo beneficentia est
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1528 actus caritatis.</p><p title="II-II q. 31 a. 1 co."><a name="40263"><span class="ref">[40263] IIª-IIae q. 31 a. 1 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1529 dicendum quod beneficentia nihil aliud importat quam facere bonum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1530 alicui. Potest autem hoc bonum considerari dupliciter. Uno modo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1531 secundum communem rationem boni. Et hoc pertinet ad communem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1532 rationem beneficentiae. Et hoc est actus amicitiae, et per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1533 consequens caritatis. Nam in actu dilectionis includitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1534 benevolentia, per quam aliquis vult bonum amico, ut supra habitum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1535 est. Voluntas autem est effectiva eorum quae vult, si facultas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1536 adsit. Et ideo ex consequenti benefacere amico ex actu dilectionis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1537 consequitur. Et propter hoc beneficentia secundum communem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1538 rationem, est amicitiae vel caritatis actus. Si autem bonum quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1539 quis facit alteri accipiatur sub aliqua speciali ratione boni, sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1540 beneficentia accipiet specialem rationem, et pertinebit ad aliquam
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1541 specialem virtutem.</p><p title="II-II q. 31 a. 1 ad 1"><a name="40264"><span class="ref">[40264] IIª-IIae q. 31 a. 1 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1542 ergo dicendum quod, sicut Dionysius dicit, IV cap. de Div. Nom.,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1543 <i>amor movet ordinata ad mutuam habitudinem, et inferiora
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1544 convertit in superiora ut ab eis perficiantur, et superiora movet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1545 ad inferiorum provisionem</i>. Et quantum ad hoc beneficentia est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1546 effectus dilectionis. Et ideo nostrum non est Deo benefacere, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1547 eum honorare, nos ei subiiciendo, eius autem est ex sua dilectione
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1548 nobis benefacere.</p><p title="II-II q. 31 a. 1 ad 2"><a name="40265"><span class="ref">[40265] IIª-IIae q. 31 a. 1 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1549 dicendum quod in collatione donorum duo sunt attendenda, quorum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1550 unum est exterius datum; aliud autem est interior passio quam habet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1551 quis ad divitias, in eis delectatus. Ad liberalitatem autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1552 pertinet moderari interiorem passionem, ut scilicet aliquis non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1553 superexcedat in concupiscendo et amando divitias, ex hoc enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1554 efficietur homo facile emissivus donorum. Unde si homo det aliquod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1555 donum magnum, et tamen cum quadam concupiscentia retinendi, datio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1556 non est liberalis. Sed ex parte exterioris dati collatio beneficii
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1557 pertinet in generali ad amicitiam vel caritatem. Unde hoc non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1558 derogat amicitiae, si aliquis rem quam concupiscit retinere det
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1559 alicui propter amorem; sed magis ex hoc ostenditur amicitiae
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1560 perfectio.</p><p title="II-II q. 31 a. 1 ad 3"><a name="40266"><span class="ref">[40266] IIª-IIae q. 31 a. 1 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1561 dicendum quod sicut amicitia seu caritas respicit in beneficio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1562 collato communem rationem boni, ita iustitia respicit ibi rationem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1563 debiti. Misericordia vero respicit ibi rationem relevantis miseriam
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1564 vel defectum.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 2</h3><p title="II-II q. 31 a. 2 arg. 1"><a name="40267"><span class="ref">[40267] IIª-IIae q. 31 a. 2 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1565 secundum sic proceditur. Videtur quod non sit omnibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1566 benefaciendum. Dicit enim Augustinus, in I de Doct. Christ., quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1567 omnibus prodesse non possumus. Sed virtus non inclinat ad
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1568 impossibile. Ergo non oportet omnibus benefacere.</p><p title="II-II q. 31 a. 2 arg. 2"><a name="40268"><span class="ref">[40268] IIª-IIae q. 31 a. 2 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1569 Eccli. XII dicitur, <i>da iusto, et non recipias peccatorem</i>.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1570 Sed multi homines sunt peccatores. Non ergo omnibus est
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1571 benefaciendum.</p><p title="II-II q. 31 a. 2 arg. 3"><a name="40269"><span class="ref">[40269] IIª-IIae q. 31 a. 2 arg. 3</span></a>
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1572 <i>Praeterea, caritas non agit perperam</i>, ut dicitur I ad Cor.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1573 XIII. Sed benefacere quibusdam est agere perperam, puta si aliquis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1574 benefaciat inimicis reipublicae; vel si benefaciat excommunicato,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1575 quia per hoc ei communicat. Ergo, cum benefacere sit actus
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1576 caritatis, non est omnibus benefaciendum.</p><p title="II-II q. 31 a. 2 s. c."><a name="40270"><span class="ref">[40270] IIª-IIae q. 31 a. 2 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1577 est quod apostolus dicit, ad Gal. ult., <i>dum tempus habemus,
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1578 operemur bonum ad omnes</i>.</p><p title="II-II q. 31 a. 2 co."><a name="40271"><span class="ref">[40271] IIª-IIae q. 31 a. 2 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1579 dicendum quod, sicut supra dictum est, beneficentia consequitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1580 amorem ex ea parte qua movet superiora ad provisionem inferiorum.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1581 Gradus autem in hominibus non sunt immutabiles, sicut in Angelis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1582 quia homines possunt pati multiplices defectus; unde qui est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1583 superior secundum aliquid, vel est vel potest esse inferior
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1584 secundum aliud. Et ideo, cum dilectio caritatis se extendat ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1585 omnes, etiam beneficentia se debet extendere ad omnes, pro loco
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1586 tamen et tempore, omnes enim actus virtutum sunt secundum debitas
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1587 circumstantias limitandi.</p><p title="II-II q. 31 a. 2 ad 1"><a name="40272"><span class="ref">[40272] IIª-IIae q. 31 a. 2 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1588 ergo dicendum quod, simpliciter loquendo, non possumus omnibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1589 benefacere in speciali, nullus tamen est de quo non possit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1590 occurrere casus in quo oporteat ei benefacere etiam in speciali. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1591 ideo caritas requirit ut homo, etsi non actu alicui benefaciat,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1592 habeat tamen hoc in sui animi praeparatione, ut benefaciat
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1593 cuicumque si tempus adesset. Aliquod tamen beneficium est quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1594 possumus omnibus impendere, si non in speciali saltem in generali,
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1595 sicut cum oramus pro omnibus fidelibus et infidelibus.</p><p title="II-II q. 31 a. 2 ad 2"><a name="40273"><span class="ref">[40273] IIª-IIae q. 31 a. 2 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1596 dicendum quod in peccatore duo sunt, scilicet culpa et natura. Est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1597 ergo subveniendum peccatori quantum ad sustentationem naturae, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1598 est autem ei subveniendum ad fomentum culpae; hoc enim non esset
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1599 benefacere, sed potius malefacere.</p><p title="II-II q. 31 a. 2 ad 3"><a name="40274"><span class="ref">[40274] IIª-IIae q. 31 a. 2 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1600 dicendum quod excommunicatis et reipublicae hostibus sunt beneficia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1601 subtrahenda inquantum per hoc arcentur a culpa. Si tamen immineret
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1602 necessitas, ne natura deficeret, esset eis subveniendum, debito
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1603 tamen modo, puta ne fame aut siti morerentur, aut aliquod huiusmodi
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1604 dispendium, nisi secundum ordinem iustitiae, paterentur.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 3</h3><p title="II-II q. 31 a. 3 arg. 1"><a name="40275"><span class="ref">[40275] IIª-IIae q. 31 a. 3 arg. 1</span></a> Ad tertium
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1605 sic proceditur. Videtur quod non sit magis benefaciendum his qui
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1606 sunt nobis magis coniuncti. Dicitur enim Luc. XIV, <i>cum facis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1607 prandium aut cenam, noli vocare amicos tuos neque fratres neque
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1608 cognatos</i>. Sed isti sunt maxime coniuncti. Ergo non est magis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1609 benefaciendum coniunctis, sed potius extraneis indigentibus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1610 sequitur enim, <i>sed cum facis convivium, voca pauperes et
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1611 debiles,</i> et cetera.</p><p title="II-II q. 31 a. 3 arg. 2"><a name="40276"><span class="ref">[40276] IIª-IIae q. 31 a. 3 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1612 maximum beneficium est quod homo aliquem in bello adiuvet. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1613 miles in bello magis debet iuvare extraneum commilitonem quam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1614 consanguineum hostem. Ergo beneficia non sunt magis exhibenda magis
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1615 coniunctis.</p><p title="II-II q. 31 a. 3 arg. 3"><a name="40277"><span class="ref">[40277] IIª-IIae q. 31 a. 3 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1616 prius sunt debita restituenda quam gratuita beneficia impendenda.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1617 Sed debitum est quod aliquis impendat beneficium ei a quo accepit.
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1618 Ergo benefactoribus magis est benefaciendum quam propinquis.</p><p title="II-II q. 31 a. 3 arg. 4"><a name="40278"><span class="ref">[40278] IIª-IIae q. 31 a. 3 arg. 4</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1619 magis sunt diligendi parentes quam filii, ut supra dictum est. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1620 magis est benefaciendum filiis, quia non debent filii thesaurizare
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1621 parentibus, ut dicitur II ad Cor. XII. Ergo non est magis
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1622 benefaciendum magis coniunctis.</p><p title="II-II q. 31 a. 3 s. c."><a name="40279"><span class="ref">[40279] IIª-IIae q. 31 a. 3 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1623 est quod Augustinus dicit, in I de Doct. Christ., <i>cum omnibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1624 prodesse non possis, his potissimum consulendum est qui, pro
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1625 locorum et temporum vel quarumlibet rerum opportunitatibus,
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1626 constrictius tibi, quasi quadam sorte, iunguntur</i>.</p><p title="II-II q. 31 a. 3 co."><a name="40280"><span class="ref">[40280] IIª-IIae q. 31 a. 3 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1627 dicendum quod gratia et virtus imitantur naturae ordinem, qui est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1628 ex divina sapientia institutus. Est autem talis ordo naturae ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1629 unumquodque agens naturale per prius magis diffundat suam actionem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1630 ad ea quae sunt sibi propinquiora, sicut ignis magis calefacit rem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1631 sibi magis propinquam. Et similiter Deus in substantias sibi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1632 propinquiores per prius et copiosius dona suae bonitatis diffundit;
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1633 ut patet per Dionysium, IV cap. Cael. Hier. Exhibitio autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1634 beneficiorum est quaedam actio caritatis in alios. Et ideo oportet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1635 quod ad magis propinquos simus magis benefici. Sed propinquitas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1636 unius hominis ad alium potest attendi secundum diversa in quibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1637 sibi ad invicem homines communicant, ut consanguinei naturali
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1638 communicatione, concives in civili, fideles in spirituali, et sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1639 de aliis. Et secundum diversas coniunctiones sunt diversimode
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1640 diversa beneficia dispensanda, nam unicuique est magis exhibendum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1641 beneficium pertinens ad illam rem secundum quam est magis nobis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1642 coniunctus, simpliciter loquendo. Tamen hoc potest variari secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1643 diversitatem locorum et temporum et negotiorum, nam in aliquo casu
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1644 est magis subveniendum extraneo, puta si sit in extrema
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1645 necessitate, quam etiam patri non tantam necessitatem patienti.</p><p title="II-II q. 31 a. 3 ad 1"><a name="40281"><span class="ref">[40281] IIª-IIae q. 31 a. 3 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1646 ergo dicendum quod dominus non prohibet simpliciter vocare amicos
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1647 aut consanguineos ad convivium, sed vocare eos ea intentione quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1648 te ipsi reinvitent. Hoc enim non erit caritatis, sed cupiditatis.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1649 Potest tamen contingere quod extranei sint magis invitandi in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1650 aliquo casu, propter maiorem indigentiam. Intelligendum est enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1651 quod magis coniunctis magis est, ceteris paribus, benefaciendum. Si
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1652 autem duorum unus sit magis coniunctus et alter magis indigens, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1653 potest universali regula determinari cui sit magis subveniendum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1654 quia sunt diversi gradus et indigentiae et propinquitatis, sed hoc
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1655 requirit prudentis iudicium.</p><p title="II-II q. 31 a. 3 ad 2"><a name="40282"><span class="ref">[40282] IIª-IIae q. 31 a. 3 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1656 dicendum quod bonum commune multorum divinius est quam bonum unius.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1657 Unde pro bono communi reipublicae vel spiritualis vel temporalis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1658 virtuosum est quod aliquis etiam propriam vitam exponat periculo.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1659 Et ideo, cum communicatio in bellicis ordinetur ad conservationem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1660 reipublicae, in hoc miles impendens commilitoni auxilium, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1661 impendit ei tanquam privatae personae, sed sicut totam rempublicam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1662 iuvans. Et ideo non est mirum si in hoc praefertur extraneus
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1663 coniuncto secundum carnem.</p><p title="II-II q. 31 a. 3 ad 3"><a name="40283"><span class="ref">[40283] IIª-IIae q. 31 a. 3 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1664 dicendum quod duplex est debitum. Unum quidem quod non est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1665 numerandum in bonis eius qui debet, sed potius in bonis eius cui
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1666 debetur. Puta si aliquis habet pecuniam aut rem aliam alterius vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1667 furto sublatam vel mutuo acceptam sive depositam, vel aliquo alio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1668 simili modo, quantum ad hoc plus debet homo reddere debitum quam ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1669 eo benefacere coniunctis. Nisi forte esset tantae necessitatis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1670 articulus in quo etiam liceret rem alienam accipere ad subveniendum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1671 necessitatem patienti. Nisi forte et ille cui res debetur in simili
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1672 necessitate esset. In quo tamen casu pensanda esset utriusque
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1673 conditio secundum alias conditiones, prudentis iudicio, quia in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1674 talibus non potest universalis regula dari, propter varietatem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1675 singulorum casuum, ut philosophus dicit, in IX Ethic. Aliud autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1676 est debitum quod computatur in bonis eius qui debet, et non eius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1677 cui debetur, puta si debeatur non ex necessitate iustitiae, sed ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1678 quadam morali aequitate, ut contingit in beneficiis gratis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1679 susceptis. Nullius autem benefactoris beneficium est tantum sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1680 parentum, et ideo parentes in recompensandis beneficiis sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1681 omnibus aliis praeferendi; nisi necessitas ex alia parte
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1682 praeponderaret, vel aliqua alia conditio, puta communis utilitas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1683 Ecclesiae vel reipublicae. In aliis autem est aestimatio habenda et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1684 coniunctionis et beneficii suscepti. Quae similiter non potest
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1685 communi regula determinari.</p><p title="II-II q. 31 a. 3 ad 4"><a name="40284"><span class="ref">[40284] IIª-IIae q. 31 a. 3 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1686 dicendum quod parentes sunt sicut superiores, et ideo amor parentum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1687 est ad benefaciendum, amor autem filiorum ad honorandum parentes.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1688 Et tamen in necessitatis extremae articulo magis liceret deserere
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1689 filios quam parentes; quos nullo modo deserere licet, propter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1690 obligationem beneficiorum susceptorum; ut patet per philosophum, in
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1691 VIII Ethic.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 4</h3><p title="II-II q. 31 a. 4 arg. 1"><a name="40285"><span class="ref">[40285] IIª-IIae q. 31 a. 4 arg. 1</span></a> Ad quartum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1692 sic proceditur. Videtur quod beneficentia sit specialis virtus.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1693 Praecepta enim ad virtutes ordinantur, <i>quia legislatores
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1694 intendunt facere homines virtuosos</i>, sicut dicitur in II Ethic.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1695 Sed seorsum datur praeceptum de beneficentia et de dilectione,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1696 dicitur enim Matth. V, <i>diligite inimicos vestros, benefacite his
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1697 qui oderunt vos</i>. Ergo beneficentia est virtus distincta a
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1698 caritate.</p><p title="II-II q. 31 a. 4 arg. 2"><a name="40286"><span class="ref">[40286] IIª-IIae q. 31 a. 4 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1699 vitia virtutibus opponuntur. Sed beneficentiae opponuntur aliqua
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1700 specialia vitia, per quae nocumentum proximo infertur, puta rapina,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1701 furtum et alia huiusmodi. Ergo beneficentia est specialis
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1702 virtus.</p><p title="II-II q. 31 a. 4 arg. 3"><a name="40287"><span class="ref">[40287] IIª-IIae q. 31 a. 4 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1703 caritas non distinguitur in multas species. Sed beneficentia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1704 videtur distingui in multas species, secundum diversas beneficiorum
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1705 species. Ergo beneficentia est alia virtus a caritate.</p><p title="II-II q. 31 a. 4 s. c."><a name="40288"><span class="ref">[40288] IIª-IIae q. 31 a. 4 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1706 est quod actus interior et exterior non requirunt diversas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1707 virtutes. Sed beneficentia et benevolentia non differunt nisi sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1708 actus exterior et interior, quia beneficentia est executio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1709 benevolentiae. Ergo, sicut benevolentia non est alia virtus a
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1710 caritate, ita nec beneficentia.</p><p title="II-II q. 31 a. 4 co."><a name="40289"><span class="ref">[40289] IIª-IIae q. 31 a. 4 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1711 dicendum quod virtutes diversificantur secundum diversas rationes
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1712 obiecti. Eadem autem est ratio formalis obiecti caritatis et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1713 beneficentiae, nam utraque respicit communem rationem boni, ut ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1714 praedictis patet. Unde beneficentia non est alia virtus a caritate,
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1715 sed nominat quendam caritatis actum.</p><p title="II-II q. 31 a. 4 ad 1"><a name="40290"><span class="ref">[40290] IIª-IIae q. 31 a. 4 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1716 ergo dicendum quod praecepta non dantur de habitibus virtutum, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1717 de actibus. Et ideo diversitas praeceptorum non significat diversos
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1718 habitus virtutum, sed diversos actus.</p><p title="II-II q. 31 a. 4 ad 2"><a name="40291"><span class="ref">[40291] IIª-IIae q. 31 a. 4 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1719 dicendum quod sicut omnia beneficia proximo exhibita, inquantum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1720 considerantur sub communi ratione boni, reducuntur ad amorem; ita
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1721 omnia nocumenta, inquantum considerantur secundum communem rationem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1722 mali, reducuntur ad odium. Prout autem considerantur secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1723 aliquas speciales rationes vel boni vel mali, reducuntur ad aliquas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1724 speciales virtutes vel vitia. Et secundum hoc etiam sunt diversae
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1725 beneficiorum species.</p><p title="II-II q. 31 a. 4 ad 3"><a name="40292"><span class="ref">[40292] IIª-IIae q. 31 a. 4 ad 3</span></a> Unde patet
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1726 responsio ad tertium.</p></div></div><div class="q" id="q32"><h2>Quaestio 32</h2><div class="p"><h3>Prooemium</h3><p title="II-II q. 32 pr."><a name="40293"><span class="ref">[40293] IIª-IIae q. 32 pr.</span></a> Deinde
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1727 considerandum est de eleemosyna. Et circa hoc quaeruntur decem.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1728 Primo, utrum eleemosynae largitio sit actus caritatis. Secundo, de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1729 distinctione eleemosynarum. Tertio, quae sint potiores eleemosynae,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1730 utrum spirituales vel corporales. Quarto, utrum corporales
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1731 eleemosynae habeant effectum spiritualem. Quinto, utrum dare
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1732 eleemosynas sit in praecepto. Sexto, utrum corporalis eleemosyna
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1733 sit danda de necessario. Septimo, utrum sit danda de iniuste
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1734 acquisito. Octavo, quorum sit dare eleemosynam. Nono, quibus sit
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1735 danda. Decimo, de modo dandi eleemosynas.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 1</h3><p title="II-II q. 32 a. 1 arg. 1"><a name="40294"><span class="ref">[40294] IIª-IIae q. 32 a. 1 arg. 1</span></a> Ad primum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1736 sic proceditur. Videtur quod dare eleemosynam non sit actus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1737 caritatis. Actus enim caritatis non potest esse sine caritate. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1738 largitio eleemosynarum potest esse sine caritate, secundum illud I
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1739 ad Cor. XIII, <i>si distribuero in cibos pauperum omnes facultates
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1740 meas, caritatem autem non habuero</i>. Ergo dare eleemosynam non
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1741 est actus caritatis.</p><p title="II-II q. 32 a. 1 arg. 2"><a name="40295"><span class="ref">[40295] IIª-IIae q. 32 a. 1 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1742 eleemosyna computatur inter opera satisfactionis, secundum illud
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1743 Dan. IV, <i>peccata tua eleemosynis redime</i>. Sed satisfactio est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1744 actus iustitiae. Ergo dare eleemosynam non est actus caritatis, sed
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1745 iustitiae.</p><p title="II-II q. 32 a. 1 arg. 3"><a name="40296"><span class="ref">[40296] IIª-IIae q. 32 a. 1 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1746 offerre hostiam Deo est actus latriae. Sed dare eleemosynam est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1747 offerre hostiam Deo, secundum illud ad Heb. ult., <i>beneficentiae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1748 et communionis nolite oblivisci, talibus enim hostiis promeretur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1749 Deus</i>. Ergo caritatis non est actus dare eleemosynam, sed magis
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1750 latriae.</p><p title="II-II q. 32 a. 1 arg. 4"><a name="40297"><span class="ref">[40297] IIª-IIae q. 32 a. 1 arg. 4</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1751 philosophus dicit, in IV Ethic., quod dare aliquid propter bonum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1752 est actus liberalitatis. Sed hoc maxime fit in largitione
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1753 eleemosynarum. Ergo dare eleemosynam non est actus caritatis.</p><p title="II-II q. 32 a. 1 s. c."><a name="40298"><span class="ref">[40298] IIª-IIae q. 32 a. 1 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1754 est quod dicitur I Ioan. III, <i>qui habuerit substantiam huius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1755 mundi, et viderit fratrem suum necessitatem patientem, et clauserit
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1756 viscera sua ab eo, quomodo caritas Dei manet in illo?</i></p><p title="II-II q. 32 a. 1 co."><a name="40299"><span class="ref">[40299] IIª-IIae q. 32 a. 1 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1757 dicendum quod exteriores actus ad illam virtutem referuntur ad quam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1758 pertinet id quod est motivum ad agendum huiusmodi actus. Motivum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1759 autem ad dandum eleemosynas est ut subveniatur necessitatem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1760 patienti, unde quidam, definientes eleemosynam, dicunt quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1761 eleemosyna est opus quo datur aliquid indigenti ex compassione
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1762 propter Deum. Quod quidem motivum pertinet ad misericordiam, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1763 supra dictum est. Unde manifestum est quod dare eleemosynam proprie
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1764 est actus misericordiae. Et hoc apparet ex ipso nomine, nam in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1765 Graeco a misericordia derivatur, sicut in Latino miseratio. Et quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1766 misericordia est effectus caritatis, ut supra ostensum est, ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1767 consequenti dare eleemosynam est actus caritatis, misericordia
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1768 mediante.</p><p title="II-II q. 32 a. 1 ad 1"><a name="40300"><span class="ref">[40300] IIª-IIae q. 32 a. 1 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1769 ergo dicendum quod aliquid dicitur esse actus virtutis dupliciter.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1770 Uno modo, materialiter, sicut actus iustitiae est facere iusta. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1771 talis actus virtutis potest esse sine virtute, multi enim non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1772 habentes habitum iustitiae iusta operantur, vel ex naturali
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1773 ratione, vel ex timore sive ex spe aliquid adipiscendi. Alio modo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1774 dicitur esse aliquid actus virtutis formaliter, sicut actus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1775 iustitiae est actio iusta eo modo quo iustus facit, scilicet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1776 prompte et delectabiliter. Et hoc modo actus virtutis non est sine
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1777 virtute. Secundum hoc ergo dare eleemosynas materialiter potest
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1778 esse sine caritate, formaliter autem eleemosynas dare, idest
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1779 propter Deum, delectabiliter et prompte et omni eo modo quo debet,
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1780 non est sine caritate.</p><p title="II-II q. 32 a. 1 ad 2"><a name="40301"><span class="ref">[40301] IIª-IIae q. 32 a. 1 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1781 dicendum quod nihil prohibet actum qui est proprie unius virtutis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1782 elicitive, attribui alteri virtuti sicut imperanti et ordinanti ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1783 suum finem. Et hoc modo dare eleemosynam ponitur inter opera
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1784 satisfactoria, inquantum miseratio in defectum patientis ordinatur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1785 ad satisfaciendum pro culpa. Secundum autem quod ordinatur ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1786 placandum Deum, habet rationem sacrificii, et sic imperatur a
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1787 latria.</p><p title="II-II q. 32 a. 1 ad 3"><a name="40302"><span class="ref">[40302] IIª-IIae q. 32 a. 1 ad 3</span></a> Unde patet
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1788 responsio ad tertium.</p><p title="II-II q. 32 a. 1 ad 4"><a name="40303"><span class="ref">[40303] IIª-IIae q. 32 a. 1 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1789 dicendum quod dare eleemosynam pertinet ad liberalitatem inquantum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1790 liberalitas aufert impedimentum huius actus, quod esse posset ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1791 superfluo amore divitiarum, propter quem aliquis efficitur nimis
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1792 retentivus earum.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 2</h3><p title="II-II q. 32 a. 2 arg. 1"><a name="40304"><span class="ref">[40304] IIª-IIae q. 32 a. 2 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1793 secundum sic proceditur. Videtur quod inconvenienter eleemosynarum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1794 genera distinguantur. Ponuntur enim septem eleemosynae corporales,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1795 scilicet pascere esurientem, potare sitientem, vestire nudum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1796 recolligere hospitem, visitare infirmum, redimere captivum, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1797 sepelire mortuum; quae in hoc versu continentur, <i>visito, poto,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1798 cibo, redimo, tego, colligo, condo</i>. Ponuntur etiam aliae septem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1799 eleemosynae spirituales, scilicet docere ignorantem, consulere
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1800 dubitanti, consolari tristem, corrigere peccantem, remittere
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1801 offendenti, portare onerosos et graves, et pro omnibus orare; quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1802 etiam in hoc versu continentur, <i>consule, castiga, solare,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1803 remitte, fer, ora</i>; ita tamen quod sub eodem intelligatur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1804 consilium et doctrina. Videtur autem quod inconvenienter huiusmodi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1805 eleemosynae distinguantur. Eleemosyna enim ordinatur ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1806 subveniendum proximo. Sed per hoc quod proximus sepelitur, in nullo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1807 ei subvenitur, alioquin non esset verum quod dominus dicit, Matth.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1808 X, <i>nolite timere eos qui occidunt corpus, et post hoc non habent
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1809 amplius quid faciant</i>. Unde et dominus, Matth. XXV, commemorans
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1810 misericordiae opera, de sepultura mortuorum mentionem non facit.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1811 Ergo videtur quod inconvenienter huiusmodi eleemosynae
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1812 distinguantur.</p><p title="II-II q. 32 a. 2 arg. 2"><a name="40305"><span class="ref">[40305] IIª-IIae q. 32 a. 2 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1813 eleemosyna datur ad subveniendum necessitatibus proximi, sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1814 dictum est. Sed multae aliae sunt necessitates humanae vitae quam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1815 praedictae, sicut quod caecus indiget ductore, claudus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1816 sustentatione, pauper divitiis. Ergo inconvenienter praedictae
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1817 eleemosynae enumerantur.</p><p title="II-II q. 32 a. 2 arg. 3"><a name="40306"><span class="ref">[40306] IIª-IIae q. 32 a. 2 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1818 dare eleemosynam est actus misericordiae. Sed corrigere
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1819 delinquentem magis videtur ad severitatem pertinere quam ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1820 misericordiam. Ergo non debet computari inter eleemosynas
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1821 spirituales.</p><p title="II-II q. 32 a. 2 arg. 4"><a name="40307"><span class="ref">[40307] IIª-IIae q. 32 a. 2 arg. 4</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1822 eleemosyna ordinatur ad subveniendum defectui. Sed nullus est homo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1823 qui defectum ignorantiae non patiatur in aliquibus. Ergo videtur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1824 quod quilibet debeat quemlibet docere, si ignoret id quod ipse
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1825 scit.</p><p title="II-II q. 32 a. 2 s. c."><a name="40308"><span class="ref">[40308] IIª-IIae q. 32 a. 2 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1826 est quod Gregorius dicit, in quadam homilia, <i>habens intellectum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1827 curet omnino ne taceat; habens rerum affluentiam vigilet ne a
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1828 misericordiae largitate torpescat; habens artem qua regitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1829 magnopere studeat ut usum atque utilitatem illius cum proximo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1830 partiatur; habens loquendi locum apud divitem damnationem pro
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1831 retento talento timeat si, cum valet, non apud eum pro pauperibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1832 intercedat</i>. Ergo praedictae eleemosynae convenienter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1833 distinguuntur secundum ea in quibus homines abundant et
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1834 deficiunt.</p><p title="II-II q. 32 a. 2 co."><a name="40309"><span class="ref">[40309] IIª-IIae q. 32 a. 2 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1835 dicendum quod praedicta eleemosynarum distinctio convenienter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1836 sumitur secundum diversos defectus proximorum. Quorum quidam sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1837 ex parte animae, ad quos ordinantur spirituales eleemosynae; quidam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1838 vero ex parte corporis, ad quos ordinantur eleemosynae corporales.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1839 Defectus enim corporalis aut est in vita, aut est post vitam. Si
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1840 quidem est in vita, aut est communis defectus respectu eorum quibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1841 omnes indigent; aut est specialis propter aliquod accidens
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1842 superveniens. Si primo modo, aut defectus est interior, aut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1843 exterior. Interior quidem est duplex, unus quidem cui subvenitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1844 per alimentum siccum, scilicet fames, et secundum hoc ponitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1845 pascere esurientem; alius autem est cui subvenitur per alimentum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1846 humidum, scilicet sitis, et secundum hoc dicitur potare sitientem.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1847 Defectus autem communis respectu exterioris auxilii est duplex,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1848 unus respectu tegumenti, et quantum ad hoc ponitur vestire nudum;
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1849 alius est respectu habitaculi, et quantum ad hoc est suscipere
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1850 hospitem. Similiter autem si sit defectus aliquis specialis, aut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1851 est ex causa intrinseca, sicut infirmitas, et quantum ad hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1852 ponitur visitare infirmum, aut ex causa extrinseca, et quantum ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1853 hoc ponitur redemptio captivorum. Post vitam autem exhibetur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1854 mortuis sepultura. Similiter autem spiritualibus defectibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1855 spiritualibus actibus subvenitur dupliciter. Uno modo, poscendo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1856 auxilium a Deo, et quantum ad hoc ponitur oratio, qua quis pro
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1857 aliis orat. Alio modo, impendendo humanum auxilium, et hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1858 tripliciter. Uno modo, contra defectum intellectus, et si quidem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1859 sit defectus speculativi intellectus, adhibetur ei remedium per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1860 doctrinam; si autem practici intellectus, adhibetur ei remedium per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1861 consilium. Alio modo est defectus ex passione appetitivae virtutis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1862 inter quos est maximus tristitia, cui subvenitur per consolationem.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1863 Tertio modo, ex parte inordinati actus, qui quidem tripliciter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1864 considerari potest. Uno modo, ex parte ipsius peccantis, inquantum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1865 procedit ab eius inordinata voluntate, et sic adhibetur remedium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1866 per correctionem. Alio modo, ex parte eius in quem peccatur, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1867 sic, si quidem sit peccatum in nos, remedium adhibemus remittendo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1868 offensam; si autem sit in Deum vel in proximum, non est nostri
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1869 arbitrii remittere, ut Hieronymus dicit, super Matth. Tertio modo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1870 ex parte sequelae ipsius actus inordinati, ex qua gravantur ei
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1871 conviventes, etiam praeter peccantis intentionem, et sic remedium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1872 adhibetur supportando; maxime in his qui ex infirmitate peccant,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1873 secundum illud Rom. XV, <i>debemus nos firmiores infirmitates
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1874 aliorum portare</i>. Et non solum secundum quod infirmi sunt graves
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1875 ex inordinatis actibus, sed etiam quaecumque eorum onera sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1876 supportanda, secundum illud Galat. VI, <i>alter alterius onera
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1877 portate</i>.</p><p title="II-II q. 32 a. 2 ad 1"><a name="40310"><span class="ref">[40310] IIª-IIae q. 32 a. 2 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1878 ergo dicendum quod sepultura mortui non confert ei quantum ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1879 sensum quem corpus post mortem habeat. Et secundum hoc dominus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1880 dicit quod interficientes corpus non habent amplius quid faciant.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1881 Et propter hoc etiam dominus non commemorat sepulturam inter alia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1882 misericordiae opera, sed numerat solum illa quae sunt evidentioris
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1883 necessitatis. Pertinet tamen ad defunctum quid de eius corpore
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1884 agatur, tum quantum ad hoc quod vivit in memoriis hominum, cuius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1885 honor dehonestatur si insepultus remaneat; tum etiam quantum ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1886 affectum quem adhuc vivens habebat de suo corpore, cui piorum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1887 affectus conformari debet post mortem ipsius. Et secundum hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1888 aliqui commendantur de mortuorum sepultura, ut Tobias et illi qui
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1889 dominum sepelierunt; ut patet per Augustinum, in libro de cura pro
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1890 mortuis agenda.</p><p title="II-II q. 32 a. 2 ad 2"><a name="40311"><span class="ref">[40311] IIª-IIae q. 32 a. 2 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1891 dicendum quod omnes aliae necessitates ad has reducuntur. Nam et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1892 caecitas et claudicatio sunt infirmitates quaedam, unde dirigere
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1893 caecum et sustentare claudum reducitur ad visitationem infirmorum.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1894 Similiter etiam subvenire homini contra quamcumque oppressionem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1895 illatam extrinsecus reducitur ad redemptionem captivorum. Divitiae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1896 autem, quibus paupertati subvenitur, non quaeruntur nisi ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1897 subveniendum praedictis defectibus, et ideo non fuit specialis
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1898 mentio de hoc defectu facienda.</p><p title="II-II q. 32 a. 2 ad 3"><a name="40312"><span class="ref">[40312] IIª-IIae q. 32 a. 2 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1899 dicendum quod correctio peccantium, quantum ad ipsam executionem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1900 actus, severitatem iustitiae continere videtur. Sed quantum ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1901 intentionem corrigentis, qui vult hominem a malo culpae liberare,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1902 pertinet ad misericordiam et dilectionis affectum, secundum illud
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1903 Prov. XXVII, <i>meliora sunt verbera diligentis quam fraudulenta
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1904 oscula odientis</i>.</p><p title="II-II q. 32 a. 2 ad 4"><a name="40313"><span class="ref">[40313] IIª-IIae q. 32 a. 2 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1905 dicendum quod non quaelibet nescientia pertinet ad hominis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1906 defectum, sed solum ea qua quis nescit ea quae convenit eum scire,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1907 cui defectui per doctrinam subvenire ad eleemosynam pertinet. In
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1908 quo tamen observandae sunt debitae circumstantiae personae et loci
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1909 et temporis, sicut et in aliis actibus virtuosis.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 3</h3><p title="II-II q. 32 a. 3 arg. 1"><a name="40314"><span class="ref">[40314] IIª-IIae q. 32 a. 3 arg. 1</span></a> Ad tertium
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1910 sic proceditur. Videtur quod eleemosynae corporales sint potiores
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1911 quam spirituales. Laudabilius enim est magis indigenti eleemosynam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1912 facere, ex hoc enim eleemosyna laudem habet quod indigenti
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1913 subvenit. Sed corpus, cui subvenitur per eleemosynas corporales,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1914 est indigentioris naturae quam spiritus, cui subvenitur per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1915 eleemosynas spirituales. Ergo eleemosynae corporales sunt
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1916 potiores.</p><p title="II-II q. 32 a. 3 arg. 2"><a name="40315"><span class="ref">[40315] IIª-IIae q. 32 a. 3 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1917 recompensatio beneficii laudem et meritum eleemosynae minuit, unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1918 et dominus dicit, Luc. XIV, <i>cum facis prandium aut cenam, noli
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1919 vocare vicinos divites, ne forte et ipsi te reinvitent</i>. Sed in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1920 eleemosynis spiritualibus semper est recompensatio, quia qui orat
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1921 pro alio sibi proficit, secundum illud Psalm., <i>oratio mea in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1922 sinu meo convertetur</i>; qui etiam alium docet, ipse in scientia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1923 proficit. Quod non contingit in eleemosynis corporalibus. Ergo
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1924 eleemosynae corporales sunt potiores quam spirituales.</p><p title="II-II q. 32 a. 3 arg. 3"><a name="40316"><span class="ref">[40316] IIª-IIae q. 32 a. 3 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1925 ad laudem eleemosynae pertinet quod pauper ex eleemosyna data
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1926 consoletur, unde Iob XXXI dicitur, <i>si non benedixerunt mihi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1927 latera eius</i>; et ad Philemonem dicit apostolus, <i>viscera
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1928 sanctorum requieverunt per te, frater</i>. Sed quandoque magis est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1929 grata pauperi eleemosyna corporalis quam spiritualis. Ergo
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1930 eleemosyna corporalis potior est quam spiritualis.</p><p title="II-II q. 32 a. 3 s. c."><a name="40317"><span class="ref">[40317] IIª-IIae q. 32 a. 3 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1931 est quod Augustinus, in libro de Serm. Dom. in monte, super illud,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1932 <i>qui petit a te, da ei</i>, dicit, <i>dandum est quod nec tibi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1933 nec alteri noceat, et cum negaveris quod petit, indicanda est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1934 iustitia, ut non eum inanem dimittas. Et aliquando melius aliquid
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1935 dabis, cum iniuste petentem correxeris</i>. Correctio autem est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1936 eleemosyna spiritualis. Ergo spirituales eleemosynae sunt
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1937 corporalibus praeferendae.</p><p title="II-II q. 32 a. 3 co."><a name="40318"><span class="ref">[40318] IIª-IIae q. 32 a. 3 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1938 dicendum quod comparatio istarum eleemosynarum potest attendi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1939 dupliciter. Uno modo, simpliciter loquendo, et secundum hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1940 eleemosynae spirituales praeeminent, triplici ratione. Primo quidem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1941 quia id quod exhibetur nobilius est, scilicet donum spirituale,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1942 quod praeeminet corporali, secundum illud Prov. IV, <i>donum bonum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1943 tribuam vobis, legem meam ne derelinquatis</i>. Secundo, ratione
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1944 eius cui subvenitur, quia spiritus nobilior est corpore. Unde sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1945 homo sibi ipsi magis debet providere quantum ad spiritum quam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1946 quantum ad corpus, ita et proximo, quem debet tanquam seipsum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1947 diligere. Tertio, quantum ad ipsos actus quibus subvenitur proximo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1948 quia spirituales actus sunt nobiliores corporalibus, qui sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1949 quodammodo serviles. Alio modo possunt comparari secundum aliquem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1950 particularem casum, in quo quaedam corporalis eleemosyna alicui
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1951 spirituali praefertur. Puta, magis esset pascendum fame morientem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1952 quam docendum, sicut et indigenti, secundum philosophum, melius est
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1953 ditari quam philosophari, quamvis hoc sit simpliciter melius.</p><p title="II-II q. 32 a. 3 ad 1"><a name="40319"><span class="ref">[40319] IIª-IIae q. 32 a. 3 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1954 ergo dicendum quod dare magis indigenti melius est, ceteris
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1955 paribus. Sed si minus indigens sit melior, et melioribus indigeat,
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1956 dare ei melius est. Et sic est in proposito.</p><p title="II-II q. 32 a. 3 ad 2"><a name="40320"><span class="ref">[40320] IIª-IIae q. 32 a. 3 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1957 dicendum quod recompensatio non minuit meritum et laudem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1958 eleemosynae si non sit intenta, sicut etiam humana gloria, si non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1959 sit intenta, non minuit rationem virtutis; sicut et de Catone
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1960 Sallustius dicit quod <i>quo magis gloriam fugiebat, eo magis eum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1961 gloria sequebatur</i>. Et ita contingit in eleemosynis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1962 spiritualibus. Et tamen intentio bonorum spiritualium non minuit
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1963 meritum, sicut intentio bonorum corporalium.</p><p title="II-II q. 32 a. 3 ad 3"><a name="40321"><span class="ref">[40321] IIª-IIae q. 32 a. 3 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1964 dicendum quod meritum dantis eleemosynam attenditur secundum id in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1965 quo debet rationabiliter requiescere voluntas accipientis, non in
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1966 eo in quo requiescit si sit inordinata.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 4</h3><p title="II-II q. 32 a. 4 arg. 1"><a name="40322"><span class="ref">[40322] IIª-IIae q. 32 a. 4 arg. 1</span></a> Ad quartum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1967 sic proceditur. Videtur quod eleemosynae corporales non habeant
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1968 effectum spiritualem. Effectus enim non est potior sua causa. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1969 bona spiritualia sunt potiora corporalibus. Non ergo eleemosynae
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1970 corporales habent spirituales effectus.</p><p title="II-II q. 32 a. 4 arg. 2"><a name="40323"><span class="ref">[40323] IIª-IIae q. 32 a. 4 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1971 dare corporale pro spirituali vitium simoniae est. Sed hoc vitium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1972 est omnino vitandum. Non ergo sunt dandae eleemosynae ad
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1973 consequendum spirituales effectus.</p><p title="II-II q. 32 a. 4 arg. 3"><a name="40324"><span class="ref">[40324] IIª-IIae q. 32 a. 4 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1974 multiplicata causa, multiplicatur effectus. Si igitur eleemosyna
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1975 corporalis causaret spiritualem effectum, sequeretur quod maior
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1976 eleemosyna magis spiritualiter proficeret. Quod est contra illud
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1977 quod legitur Luc. XXI de vidua mittente duo aera minuta in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1978 gazophylacium, quae, secundum sententiam domini, plus omnibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1979 misit. Non ergo eleemosyna corporalis habet spiritualem
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1980 effectum.</p><p title="II-II q. 32 a. 4 s. c."><a name="40325"><span class="ref">[40325] IIª-IIae q. 32 a. 4 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1981 est quod dicitur Eccli. XXIX, <i>eleemosyna viri gratiam hominis
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1982 quasi pupillam conservabit</i>.</p><p title="II-II q. 32 a. 4 co."><a name="40326"><span class="ref">[40326] IIª-IIae q. 32 a. 4 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1983 dicendum quod eleemosyna corporalis tripliciter potest considerari.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1984 Uno modo, secundum suam substantiam. Et secundum hoc non habet nisi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1985 corporalem effectum, inquantum scilicet supplet corporales defectus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1986 proximorum. Alio modo potest considerari ex parte causae eius,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1987 inquantum scilicet aliquis eleemosynam corporalem dat propter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1988 dilectionem Dei et proximi. Et quantum ad hoc affert fructum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1989 spiritualem, secundum illud Eccli. XXIX, <i>perde pecuniam propter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1990 fratrem. Pone thesaurum in praeceptis altissimi, et proderit tibi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1991 magis quam aurum</i>. Tertio modo, ex parte effectus. Et sic etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1992 habet spiritualem fructum, inquantum scilicet proximus, cui per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1993 corporalem eleemosynam subvenitur, movetur ad orandum pro
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1994 benefactore. Unde et ibidem subditur, <i>conclude eleemosynam in
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1995 sinu pauperis, et haec pro te exorabit ab omni malo</i>.</p><p title="II-II q. 32 a. 4 ad 1"><a name="40327"><span class="ref">[40327] IIª-IIae q. 32 a. 4 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1996 ergo dicendum quod ratio illa procedit de corporali eleemosyna
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1997 secundum suam substantiam.</p><p title="II-II q. 32 a. 4 ad 2"><a name="40328"><span class="ref">[40328] IIª-IIae q. 32 a. 4 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1998 dicendum quod ille qui dat eleemosynam non intendit emere aliquid
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1999 spirituale per corporale, quia scit spiritualia in infinitum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2000 corporalibus praeeminere, sed intendit per caritatis affectum
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2001 spiritualem fructum promereri.</p><p title="II-II q. 32 a. 4 ad 3"><a name="40329"><span class="ref">[40329] IIª-IIae q. 32 a. 4 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2002 dicendum quod vidua, quae minus dedit secundum quantitatem, plus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2003 dedit secundum suam proportionem; ex quo pensatur in ipsa maior
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2004 caritatis affectus, ex qua corporalis eleemosyna spiritualem
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2005 efficaciam habet.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 5</h3><p title="II-II q. 32 a. 5 arg. 1"><a name="40330"><span class="ref">[40330] IIª-IIae q. 32 a. 5 arg. 1</span></a> Ad quintum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2006 sic proceditur. Videtur quod dare eleemosynam non sit in praecepto.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2007 Consilia enim a praeceptis distinguuntur. Sed dare eleemosynam est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2008 consilium, secundum illud Dan. IV, <i>consilium meum regi placeat,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2009 peccata tua eleemosynis redime</i>. Ergo dare eleemosynam non est
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2010 in praecepto.</p><p title="II-II q. 32 a. 5 arg. 2"><a name="40331"><span class="ref">[40331] IIª-IIae q. 32 a. 5 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2011 cuilibet licet sua re uti et eam retinere. Sed retinendo rem suam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2012 aliquis eleemosynam non dabit. Ergo licitum est eleemosynam non
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2013 dare. Non ergo dare eleemosynam est in praecepto.</p><p title="II-II q. 32 a. 5 arg. 3"><a name="40332"><span class="ref">[40332] IIª-IIae q. 32 a. 5 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2014 omne quod cadit sub praecepto aliquo tempore obligat transgressores
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2015 ad peccatum mortale, quia praecepta affirmativa obligant pro
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2016 tempore determinato. Si ergo dare eleemosynam caderet sub
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2017 praecepto, esset determinare aliquod tempus in quo homo peccaret
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2018 mortaliter nisi eleemosynam daret. Sed hoc non videtur, quia semper
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2019 probabiliter aestimari potest quod pauperi aliter subveniri possit;
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2020 et quod id quod est in eleemosynas erogandum possit ei esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2021 necessarium vel in praesenti vel in futuro. Ergo videtur quod dare
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2022 eleemosynam non sit in praecepto.</p><p title="II-II q. 32 a. 5 arg. 4"><a name="40333"><span class="ref">[40333] IIª-IIae q. 32 a. 5 arg. 4</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2023 omnia praecepta reducuntur ad praecepta Decalogi. Sed inter illa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2024 praecepta nihil continetur de datione eleemosynarum. Ergo dare
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2025 eleemosynas non est in praecepto.</p><p title="II-II q. 32 a. 5 s. c."><a name="40334"><span class="ref">[40334] IIª-IIae q. 32 a. 5 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2026 nullus punitur poena aeterna pro omissione alicuius quod non cadit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2027 sub praecepto. Sed aliqui puniuntur poena aeterna pro omissione
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2028 eleemosynarum; ut patet Matth. XXV. Ergo dare eleemosynam est in
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2029 praecepto.</p><p title="II-II q. 32 a. 5 co."><a name="40335"><span class="ref">[40335] IIª-IIae q. 32 a. 5 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2030 dicendum quod cum dilectio proximi sit in praecepto, necesse est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2031 omnia illa cadere sub praecepto sine quibus dilectio proximi non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2032 conservatur. Ad dilectionem autem proximi pertinet ut proximo non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2033 solum velimus bonum, sed etiam operemur, secundum illud I Ioan.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2034 III, <i>non diligamus verbo neque lingua, sed opere et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2035 veritate</i>. Ad hoc autem quod velimus et operemur bonum alicuius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2036 requiritur quod eius necessitati subveniamus, quod fit per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2037 eleemosynarum largitionem. Et ideo eleemosynarum largitio est in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2038 praecepto. Sed quia praecepta dantur de actibus virtutum, necesse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2039 est quod hoc modo donum eleemosynae cadat sub praecepto, secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2040 quod actus est de necessitate virtutis, scilicet secundum quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2041 recta ratio requirit. Secundum quam est aliquid considerandum ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2042 parte dantis; et aliquid ex parte eius cui est eleemosyna danda. Ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2043 parte quidem dantis considerandum est ut id quod est in eleemosynas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2044 erogandum sit ei superfluum, secundum illud Luc. XI, <i>quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2045 superest date eleemosynam</i>. Et dico superfluum non solum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2046 respectu sui ipsius, quod est supra id quod est necessarium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2047 individuo; sed etiam respectu aliorum quorum cura sibi incumbit,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2048 quia prius oportet quod unusquisque sibi provideat et his quorum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2049 cura ei incumbit (respectu quorum dicitur necessarium personae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2050 secundum quod persona dignitatem importat), et postea de residuo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2051 aliorum necessitatibus subveniatur sicut et natura primo accipit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2052 sibi, ad sustentationem proprii corporis, quod est necessarium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2053 ministerio virtutis nutritivae; superfluum autem erogat ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2054 generationem alterius per virtutem generativam. Ex parte autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2055 recipientis requiritur quod necessitatem habeat, alioquin non esset
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2056 ratio quare eleemosyna ei daretur. Sed cum non possit ab aliquo uno
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2057 omnibus necessitatem habentibus subveniri, non omnis necessitas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2058 obligat ad praeceptum, sed illa sola sine qua is qui necessitatem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2059 patitur sustentari non potest. In illo enim casu locum habet quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2060 Ambrosius dicit, <i>pasce fame morientem. Si non paveris,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2061 occidisti</i>. Sic igitur dare eleemosynam de superfluo est in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2062 praecepto; et dare eleemosynam ei qui est in extrema necessitate.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2063 Alias autem eleemosynam dare est in consilio, sicut et de quolibet
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2064 meliori bono dantur consilia.</p><p title="II-II q. 32 a. 5 ad 1"><a name="40336"><span class="ref">[40336] IIª-IIae q. 32 a. 5 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2065 ergo dicendum quod Daniel loquebatur regi qui non erat legi Dei
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2066 subiectus. Et ideo ea etiam quae pertinent ad praeceptum legis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2067 quam non profitebatur, erant ei proponenda per modum consilii. Vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2068 potest dici quod loquebatur in casu illo in quo dare eleemosynam
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2069 non est in praecepto.</p><p title="II-II q. 32 a. 5 ad 2"><a name="40337"><span class="ref">[40337] IIª-IIae q. 32 a. 5 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2070 dicendum quod bona temporalia, quae homini divinitus conferuntur,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2071 eius quidem sunt quantum ad proprietatem, sed quantum ad usum non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2072 solum debent esse eius, sed etiam aliorum, qui ex eis sustentari
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2073 possunt ex eo quod ei superfluit. Unde Basilius dicit, <i>si
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2074 fateris ea tibi divinitus provenisse</i> (scilicet temporalia bona)
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2075 <i>an iniustus est Deus inaequaliter res nobis distribuens? Cur tu
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2076 abundas, ille vero mendicat, nisi ut tu bonae dispensationis merita
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2077 consequaris, ille vero patientiae braviis decoretur? Est panis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2078 famelici quem tu tenes, nudi tunica quam in conclavi conservas,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2079 discalceati calceus qui penes te marcescit, indigentis argentum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2080 quod possides inhumatum. Quocirca tot iniuriaris quot dare
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2081 valeres</i>. Et hoc idem dicit Ambrosius, in Decret., dist.
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2082 XLVII.</p><p title="II-II q. 32 a. 5 ad 3"><a name="40338"><span class="ref">[40338] IIª-IIae q. 32 a. 5 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2083 dicendum quod est aliquod tempus dare in quo mortaliter peccat si
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2084 eleemosynam dare omittat, ex parte quidem recipientis, cum apparet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2085 evidens et urgens necessitas, nec apparet in promptu qui ei
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2086 subveniat; ex parte vero dantis, cum habet superflua quae secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2087 statum praesentem non sunt sibi necessaria, prout probabiliter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2088 aestimari potest. Nec oportet quod consideret ad omnes casus qui
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2089 possunt contingere in futurum, hoc enim esset de crastino cogitare,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2090 quod dominus prohibet, Matth. VI. Sed debet diiudicari superfluum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2091 et necessarium secundum ea quae probabiliter et ut in pluribus
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2092 occurrunt.</p><p title="II-II q. 32 a. 5 ad 4"><a name="40339"><span class="ref">[40339] IIª-IIae q. 32 a. 5 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2093 dicendum quod omnis subventio proximi reducitur ad praeceptum de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2094 honoratione parentum. Sic enim et apostolus interpretatur, I ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2095 Tim. IV, dicens, <i>pietas ad omnia utilis est, promissionem habens
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2096 vitae quae nunc est et futurae</i>, quod dicit quia in praecepto de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2097 honoratione parentum additur promissio, ut sis longaevus super
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2098 terram. Sub pietate autem comprehenditur omnis eleemosynarum
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2099 largitio.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 6</h3><p title="II-II q. 32 a. 6 arg. 1"><a name="40340"><span class="ref">[40340] IIª-IIae q. 32 a. 6 arg. 1</span></a> Ad sextum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2100 sic proceditur. Videtur quod aliquis non debeat eleemosynam dare de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2101 necessario. Ordo enim caritatis non minus attenditur penes effectum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2102 beneficii quam penes interiorem affectum. Peccat autem qui
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2103 praepostere agit in ordine caritatis, quia ordo caritatis est in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2104 praecepto. Cum ergo ex ordine caritatis plus debeat aliquis se quam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2105 proximum diligere, videtur quod peccet si subtrahat sibi necessaria
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2106 ut alteri largiatur.</p><p title="II-II q. 32 a. 6 arg. 2"><a name="40341"><span class="ref">[40341] IIª-IIae q. 32 a. 6 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2107 quicumque largitur de his quae sunt necessaria sibi est propriae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2108 substantiae dissipator, quod pertinet ad prodigum, ut patet per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2109 philosophum, in IV Ethic. Sed nullum opus vitiosum est faciendum.
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2110 Ergo non est danda eleemosyna de necessario.</p><p title="II-II q. 32 a. 6 arg. 3"><a name="40342"><span class="ref">[40342] IIª-IIae q. 32 a. 6 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2111 apostolus dicit, I ad Tim. V, <i>si quis suorum, et maxime
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2112 domesticorum curam non habet, fidem negavit et est infideli
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2113 deterior</i>. Sed quod aliquis det de his quae sunt sibi necessaria
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2114 vel suis videtur derogare curae quam quis debet habere de se et de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2115 suis. Ergo videtur quod quicumque de necessariis eleemosynam dat,
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2116 quod graviter peccet.</p><p title="II-II q. 32 a. 6 s. c."><a name="40343"><span class="ref">[40343] IIª-IIae q. 32 a. 6 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2117 est quod dominus dicit, Matth. XIX, <i>si vis perfectus esse, vade
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2118 et vende omnia quae habes, et da pauperibus</i>. Sed ille qui dat
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2119 omnia quae habet pauperibus non solum dat superflua sed etiam
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2120 necessaria. Ergo de necessariis potest homo eleemosynam dare.</p><p title="II-II q. 32 a. 6 co."><a name="40344"><span class="ref">[40344] IIª-IIae q. 32 a. 6 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2121 dicendum quod necessarium dupliciter dicitur. Uno modo, sine quo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2122 aliquid esse non potest. Et de tali necessario omnino eleemosyna
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2123 dari non debet, puta si aliquis in articulo necessitatis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2124 constitutus haberet solum unde posset sustentari, et filii sui vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2125 alii ad eum pertinentes; de hoc enim necessario eleemosynam dare
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2126 est sibi et suis vitam subtrahere. Sed hoc dico nisi forte talis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2127 casus immineret ubi, subtrahendo sibi, daret alicui magnae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2128 personae, per quam Ecclesia vel respublica sustentaretur, quia pro
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2129 talis personae liberatione seipsum et suos laudabiliter periculo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2130 mortis exponeret, cum bonum commune sit proprio praeferendum. Alio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2131 modo dicitur aliquid esse necessarium sine quo non potest
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2132 convenienter vita transigi secundum conditionem vel statum personae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2133 propriae et aliarum personarum quarum cura ei incumbit. Huius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2134 necessarii terminus non est in indivisibili constitutus, sed multis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2135 additis, non potest diiudicari esse ultra tale necessarium; et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2136 multis subtractis, adhuc remanet unde possit convenienter aliquis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2137 vitam transigere secundum proprium statum. De huiusmodi ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2138 eleemosynam dare est bonum, et non cadit sub praecepto, sed sub
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2139 consilio. Inordinatum autem esset si aliquis tantum sibi de bonis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2140 propriis subtraheret ut aliis largiretur, quod de residuo non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2141 posset vitam transigere convenienter secundum proprium statum et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2142 negotia occurrentia, nullus enim inconvenienter vivere debet. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2143 ab hoc tria sunt excipienda. Quorum primum est quando aliquis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2144 statum mutat, puta per religionis ingressum. Tunc enim, omnia sua
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2145 propter Christum largiens, opus perfectionis facit, se in alio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2146 statu ponendo. Secundo, quando ea quae sibi subtrahit, etsi sint
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2147 necessaria ad convenientiam vitae, tamen de facili resarciri
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2148 possunt, ut non sequatur maximum inconveniens. Tertio, quando
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2149 occurreret extrema necessitas alicuius privatae personae, vel etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2150 aliqua magna necessitas reipublicae. In his enim casibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2151 laudabiliter praetermitteret aliquis id quod ad decentiam sui
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2152 status pertinere videretur, ut maiori necessitati subveniret.</p><p title="II-II q. 32 a. 6 ad arg."><a name="40345"><span class="ref">[40345] IIª-IIae q. 32 a. 6 ad arg.</span></a> Et per
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2153 hoc patet de facili responsio ad obiecta.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 7</h3><p title="II-II q. 32 a. 7 arg. 1"><a name="40346"><span class="ref">[40346] IIª-IIae q. 32 a. 7 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2154 septimum sic proceditur. Videtur quod possit eleemosyna fieri de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2155 illicite acquisitis. Dicitur enim Luc. XVI, <i>facite vobis amicos
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2156 de mammona iniquitatis</i>. Mammona autem significat divitias. Ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2157 de divitiis inique acquisitis potest sibi aliquis spirituales
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2158 amicos facere, eleemosynas largiendo.</p><p title="II-II q. 32 a. 7 arg. 2"><a name="40347"><span class="ref">[40347] IIª-IIae q. 32 a. 7 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2159 omne turpe lucrum videtur esse illicite acquisitum. Sed turpe
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2160 lucrum est quod de meretricio acquiritur, unde et de huiusmodi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2161 sacrificium vel oblatio Deo offerri non debet, secundum illud Deut.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2162 XXIII, <i>non offeres mercedem prostibuli in domo Dei tui</i>.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2163 Similiter etiam turpiter acquiritur quod acquiritur per aleas,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2164 quia, ut philosophus dicit, in IV Ethic., <i>tales ab amicis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2165 lucrantur, quibus oportet dare</i>. Turpissime etiam acquiritur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2166 aliquid per simoniam, per quam aliquis spiritui sancto iniuriam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2167 facit. Et tamen de huiusmodi eleemosyna fieri potest. Ergo de male
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2168 acquisitis potest aliquis eleemosynam facere.</p><p title="II-II q. 32 a. 7 arg. 3"><a name="40348"><span class="ref">[40348] IIª-IIae q. 32 a. 7 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2169 maiora mala sunt magis vitanda quam minora. Sed minus peccatum est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2170 detentio rei alienae quam homicidium, quod aliquis incurrit nisi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2171 alicui in ultima necessitate subveniat, ut patet per Ambrosium, qui
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2172 dicit, <i>pasce fame morientem, quoniam si non paveris,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2173 occidisti</i>. Ergo aliquis potest eleemosynam facere in aliquo
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2174 casu de male acquisitis.</p><p title="II-II q. 32 a. 7 s. c."><a name="40349"><span class="ref">[40349] IIª-IIae q. 32 a. 7 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2175 est quod Augustinus dicit, in libro de Verb. Dom., <i>de iustis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2176 laboribus facite eleemosynas. Non enim corrupturi estis iudicem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2177 Christum, ut non vos audiat cum pauperibus, quibus tollitis. Nolite
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2178 velle eleemosynas facere de faenore et usuris. Fidelibus dico,
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2179 quibus corpus Christi erogamus</i>.</p><p title="II-II q. 32 a. 7 co."><a name="40350"><span class="ref">[40350] IIª-IIae q. 32 a. 7 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2180 dicendum quod tripliciter potest esse aliquid illicite acquisitum.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2181 Uno enim modo id quod illicite ab aliquo acquiritur debetur ei a
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2182 quo est acquisitum, nec potest ab eo retineri qui acquisivit, sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2183 contingit in rapina et furto et usuris. Et de talibus, cum homo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2184 teneatur ad restitutionem, eleemosyna fieri non potest. Alio vero
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2185 modo est aliquid illicite acquisitum quia ille quidem qui
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2186 acquisivit retinere non potest, nec tamen debetur ei a quo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2187 acquisivit, quia scilicet contra iustitiam accepit, et alter contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2188 iustitiam dedit, sicut contingit in simonia, in qua dans et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2189 accipiens contra iustitiam legis divinae agit. Unde non debet fieri
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2190 restitutio ei qui dedit, sed debet in eleemosynas erogari. Et eadem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2191 ratio est in similibus, in quibus scilicet et datio et acceptio est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2192 contra legem. Tertio modo est aliquid illicite acquisitum, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2193 quidem quia ipsa acquisitio sit illicita, sed quia id ex quo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2194 acquiritur est illicitum, sicut patet de eo quod mulier acquirit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2195 per meretricium. Et hoc proprie vocatur turpe lucrum. Quod enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2196 mulier meretricium exerceat, turpiter agit et contra legem Dei, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2197 in eo quod accipit non iniuste agit nec contra legem. Unde quod sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2198 illicite acquisitum est retineri potest, et de eo eleemosyna
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2199 fieri.</p><p title="II-II q. 32 a. 7 ad 1"><a name="40351"><span class="ref">[40351] IIª-IIae q. 32 a. 7 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2200 ergo dicendum quod, sicut Augustinus dicit, in libro de Verb. Dom.,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2201 <i>illud verbum domini quidam male intelligendo, rapiunt res
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2202 alienas, et aliquid inde pauperibus largiuntur, et putant se facere
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2203 quod praeceptum est. Intellectus iste corrigendus est. Sed omnes
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2204 divitiae iniquitatis dicuntur</i>, ut dicit in libro de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2205 quaestionibus Evangelii, <i>quia non sunt divitiae nisi iniquis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2206 qui in eis spem constituunt. Iniquum mammona dixit quia variis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2207 divitiarum illecebris nostros tentat affectus. Vel quia in pluribus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2208 praedecessoribus, quibus patrimonio succedis, aliquis reperitur qui
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2209 iniuste usurpavit aliena, quamvis tu nescias</i> ut Basilius dicit.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2210 Vel omnes divitiae dicuntur iniquitatis, idest inaequalitatis, quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2211 non aequaliter sunt omnibus distributae uno egente et alio
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2212 superabundante.</p><p title="II-II q. 32 a. 7 ad 2"><a name="40352"><span class="ref">[40352] IIª-IIae q. 32 a. 7 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2213 dicendum quod de acquisito per meretricium iam dictum est qualiter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2214 eleemosyna fieri possit. Non autem fit de eo sacrificium vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2215 oblatio ad altare, tum propter scandalum; tum propter sacrorum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2216 reverentiam. De eo etiam quod est per simoniam acquisitum potest
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2217 fieri eleemosyna, quia non est debitum ei qui dedit, sed meretur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2218 illud amittere. Circa illa vero quae per aleas acquiruntur videtur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2219 esse aliquid illicitum ex iure divino, scilicet quod aliquis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2220 lucretur ab his qui rem suam alienare non possunt, sicut sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2221 minores et furiosi et huiusmodi; et quod aliquis trahat alium ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2222 cupiditate lucrandi ad ludum; et quod fraudulenter ab eo lucretur.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2223 Et in his casibus tenetur ad restitutionem, et sic de eo non potest
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2224 eleemosynam facere. Aliquid autem videtur esse ulterius illicitum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2225 ex iure positivo civili, quod prohibet universaliter tale lucrum.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2226 Sed quia ius civile non obligat omnes, sed eos solos qui sunt his
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2227 legibus subiecti; et iterum per dissuetudinem abrogari potest, ideo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2228 apud illos qui sunt huiusmodi legibus obstricti, tenentur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2229 universaliter ad restitutionem qui lucrantur; nisi forte contraria
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2230 consuetudo praevaleat; aut nisi aliquis lucratus sit ab eo qui
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2231 traxit eum ad ludum. In quo casu non teneretur restituere, quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2232 ille qui amisit non est dignus recipere; nec potest licite
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2233 retinere, tali iure positivo durante; unde debet de hoc eleemosynam
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2234 facere in hoc casu.</p><p title="II-II q. 32 a. 7 ad 3"><a name="40353"><span class="ref">[40353] IIª-IIae q. 32 a. 7 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2235 dicendum quod in casu extremae necessitatis omnia sunt communia.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2236 Unde licet ei qui talem necessitatem patitur accipere de alieno ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2237 sui sustentationem, si non inveniat qui sibi dare velit. Et eadem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2238 ratione licet habere aliquid de alieno et de hoc eleemosynam dare,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2239 quinimmo et accipere, si aliter subveniri non possit necessitatem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2240 patienti. Si tamen fieri potest sine periculo, debet requisita
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2241 domini voluntate pauperi providere extremam necessitatem
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2242 patienti.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 8</h3><p title="II-II q. 32 a. 8 arg. 1"><a name="40354"><span class="ref">[40354] IIª-IIae q. 32 a. 8 arg. 1</span></a> Ad octavum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2243 sic proceditur. Videtur quod ille qui est in potestate alterius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2244 constitutus possit eleemosynam facere. Religiosi enim sunt in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2245 potestate eorum quibus obedientiam voverunt. Sed si eis non liceret
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2246 eleemosynam facere, damnum reportarent ex statu religionis, quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2247 sicut Ambrosius dicit, <i>summa Christianae religionis in pietate
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2248 consistit</i>, quae maxime per eleemosynarum largitionem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2249 commendatur. Ergo illi qui sunt in potestate alterius constituti
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2250 possunt eleemosynam facere.</p><p title="II-II q. 32 a. 8 arg. 2"><a name="40355"><span class="ref">[40355] IIª-IIae q. 32 a. 8 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2251 uxor est sub potestate viri, ut dicitur Gen. III. Sed uxor potest
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2252 eleemosynam facere, cum assumatur in viri societatem, unde et de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2253 beata Lucia dicitur quod, ignorante sponso, eleemosynas faciebat.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2254 Ergo per hoc quod aliquis est in potestate alterius constitutus,
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2255 non impeditur quin possit eleemosynas facere.</p><p title="II-II q. 32 a. 8 arg. 3"><a name="40356"><span class="ref">[40356] IIª-IIae q. 32 a. 8 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2256 naturalis quaedam subiectio est filiorum ad parentes, unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2257 apostolus, ad Ephes. VI, dicit, <i>filii, obedite parentibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2258 vestris in domino</i>. Sed filii, ut videtur, possunt de rebus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2259 patris eleemosynas dare, quia sunt quodammodo ipsorum, cum sint
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2260 haeredes; et cum possint eis uti ad usum corporis, multo magis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2261 videtur quod possint eis uti, eleemosynas dando, ad remedium animae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2262 suae. Ergo illi qui sunt in potestate constituti possunt
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2263 eleemosynas dare.</p><p title="II-II q. 32 a. 8 arg. 4"><a name="40357"><span class="ref">[40357] IIª-IIae q. 32 a. 8 arg. 4</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2264 servi sunt sub potestate dominorum, secundum illud ad Tit. II,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2265 <i>servos dominis suis subditos esse</i>. Licet autem eis aliquid
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2266 in utilitatem domini facere, quod maxime fit si pro eis eleemosynas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2267 largiantur. Ergo illi qui sunt in potestate constituti possunt
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2268 eleemosynas facere.</p><p title="II-II q. 32 a. 8 s. c."><a name="40358"><span class="ref">[40358] IIª-IIae q. 32 a. 8 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2269 est quod eleemosynae non sunt faciendae de alieno, sed de iustis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2270 laboribus propriis unusquisque eleemosynam facere debet; ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2271 Augustinus dicit, in libro de Verb. Dom. Sed si subiecti aliis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2272 eleemosynam facerent, hoc esset de alieno. Ergo illi qui sunt sub
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2273 potestate aliorum non possunt eleemosynam facere.</p><p title="II-II q. 32 a. 8 co."><a name="40359"><span class="ref">[40359] IIª-IIae q. 32 a. 8 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2274 dicendum quod ille qui est sub potestate alterius constitutus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2275 inquantum huiusmodi, secundum superioris potestatem regulari debet,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2276 hic est enim ordo naturalis, ut inferiora secundum superiora
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2277 regulentur. Et ideo oportet quod ea in quibus inferior superiori
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2278 subiicitur, dispenset non aliter quam ei sit a superiore commissum.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2279 Sic igitur ille qui est sub potestate constitutus de re secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2280 quam superiori subiicitur eleemosynam facere non debet nisi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2281 quatenus ei a superiore fuerit permissum. Si quis vero habeat
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2282 aliquid secundum quod potestati superioris non subsit, iam secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2283 hoc non est potestati subiectus, quantum ad hoc proprii iuris
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2284 existens. Et de hoc potest eleemosynam facere.</p><p title="II-II q. 32 a. 8 ad 1"><a name="40360"><span class="ref">[40360] IIª-IIae q. 32 a. 8 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2285 ergo dicendum quod monachus, si habet dispensationem a praelato
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2286 commissam, potest facere eleemosynam de rebus monasterii, secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2287 quod sibi est commissum. Si vero non habet dispensationem, quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2288 nihil proprium habet, tunc non potest facere eleemosynam sine
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2289 licentia abbatis vel expresse habita vel probabiliter praesumpta,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2290 nisi forte in articulo extremae necessitatis, in quo licitum esset
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2291 ei furari ut eleemosynam daret. Nec propter hoc efficitur peioris
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2292 conditionis, quia sicut dicitur in libro de Eccles. Dogmat.,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2293 <i>bonum est facultates cum dispensatione pauperibus erogare, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2294 melius est, pro intentione sequendi dominum, insimul donare, et,
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2295 absolutum sollicitudine, egere cum Christo</i>.</p><p title="II-II q. 32 a. 8 ad 2"><a name="40361"><span class="ref">[40361] IIª-IIae q. 32 a. 8 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2296 dicendum quod si uxor habeat alias res praeter dotem, quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2297 ordinatur ad sustentanda onera matrimonii, vel ex proprio lucro vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2298 quocumque alio licito modo, potest dare eleemosynas, etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2299 irrequisito assensu viri, moderatas tamen, ne ex earum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2300 superfluitate vir depauperetur. Alias autem non debet dare
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2301 eleemosynas sine consensu viri vel expresso vel praesumpto, nisi in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2302 articulo necessitatis, sicut de monacho dictum est. Quamvis enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2303 mulier sit aequalis in actu matrimonii, tamen in his quae ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2304 dispositionem domus pertinent vir caput est mulieris, secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2305 apostolum, I ad Cor. XI. Beata autem Lucia sponsum habebat, non
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2306 virum. Unde de consensu matris poterat eleemosynam facere.</p><p title="II-II q. 32 a. 8 ad 3"><a name="40362"><span class="ref">[40362] IIª-IIae q. 32 a. 8 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2307 dicendum quod ea quae sunt filiifamilias sunt patris. Et ideo non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2308 potest eleemosynam facere (nisi forte aliquam modicam, de qua
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2309 potest praesumere quod patri placeat), nisi forte alicuius rei
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2310 esset sibi a patre dispensatio commissa. Et idem dicendum de
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2311 servis.</p><p title="II-II q. 32 a. 8 ad 4"><a name="40363"><span class="ref">[40363] IIª-IIae q. 32 a. 8 ad 4</span></a> Unde patet
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2312 solutio ad quartum.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 9</h3><p title="II-II q. 32 a. 9 arg. 1"><a name="40364"><span class="ref">[40364] IIª-IIae q. 32 a. 9 arg. 1</span></a> Ad nonum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2313 sic proceditur. Videtur quod non sit magis propinquioribus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2314 eleemosyna facienda. Dicitur enim Eccli. XII, <i>da misericordi, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2315 ne suscipias peccatorem, benefac humili, et non des impio</i>. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2316 quandoque contingit quod propinqui nostri sunt peccatores et impii.
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2317 Ergo non sunt eis magis eleemosynae faciendae.</p><p title="II-II q. 32 a. 9 arg. 2"><a name="40365"><span class="ref">[40365] IIª-IIae q. 32 a. 9 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2318 eleemosynae sunt faciendae propter retributionem mercedis aeternae,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2319 secundum illud Matth. VI, <i>et pater tuus, qui videt in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2320 abscondito, reddet tibi</i>. Sed retributio aeterna maxime
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2321 acquiritur ex eleemosynis quae sanctis erogantur, secundum illud
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2322 Luc. XVI, <i>facite vobis amicos de mammona iniquitatis, ut, cum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2323 defeceritis, recipiant vos in aeterna tabernacula</i>; quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2324 exponens Augustinus, in libro de Verb. Dom., dicit, <i>qui sunt qui
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2325 habebunt aeterna habitacula nisi sancti Dei? Et qui sunt qui ab eis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2326 accipiendi sunt in tabernacula nisi qui eorum indigentiae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2327 serviunt?</i> Ergo magis sunt eleemosynae dandae sanctioribus quam
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2328 propinquioribus.</p><p title="II-II q. 32 a. 9 arg. 3"><a name="40366"><span class="ref">[40366] IIª-IIae q. 32 a. 9 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2329 maxime homo est sibi propinquus. Sed sibi non potest homo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2330 eleemosynam facere. Ergo videtur quod non sit magis facienda
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2331 eleemosyna personae magis coniunctae.</p><p title="II-II q. 32 a. 9 s. c."><a name="40367"><span class="ref">[40367] IIª-IIae q. 32 a. 9 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2332 est quod apostolus dicit, I ad Tim. V, <i>si quis suorum, et maxime
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2333 domesticorum curam non habet, fidem negavit et est infideli
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2334 deterior</i>.</p><p title="II-II q. 32 a. 9 co."><a name="40368"><span class="ref">[40368] IIª-IIae q. 32 a. 9 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2335 dicendum quod, sicut Augustinus dicit, in I de Doct. Christ., illi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2336 qui sunt nobis magis coniuncti quasi quadam sorte nobis obveniunt,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2337 ut eis magis providere debemus. Est tamen circa hoc discretionis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2338 ratio adhibenda, secundum differentiam coniunctionis et sanctitatis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2339 et utilitatis. Nam multo sanctiori magis indigentiam patienti, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2340 magis utili ad commune bonum, est magis eleemosyna danda quam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2341 personae propinquiori; maxime si non sit multum coniuncta, cuius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2342 cura specialis nobis immineat, et si magnam necessitatem non
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2343 patiatur.</p><p title="II-II q. 32 a. 9 ad 1"><a name="40369"><span class="ref">[40369] IIª-IIae q. 32 a. 9 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2344 ergo dicendum quod peccatori non est subveniendum inquantum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2345 peccator est, idest ut per hoc in peccato foveatur, sed inquantum
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2346 homo est, idest ut natura sustentetur.</p><p title="II-II q. 32 a. 9 ad 2"><a name="40370"><span class="ref">[40370] IIª-IIae q. 32 a. 9 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2347 dicendum quod opus eleemosynae ad mercedem retributionis aeternae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2348 dupliciter valet. Uno quidem modo, ex radice caritatis. Et secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2349 hoc eleemosyna est meritoria prout in ea servatur ordo caritatis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2350 secundum quem propinquioribus magis providere debemus, ceteris
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2351 paribus. Unde Ambrosius dicit, in I de Offic., <i>est illa probanda
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2352 liberalitas, ut proximos sanguinis tui non despicias, si egere
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2353 cognoscas, melius est enim ut ipse subvenias tuis, quibus pudor est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2354 ab aliis sumptum deposcere</i>. Alio modo valet eleemosyna ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2355 retributionem vitae aeternae ex merito eius cui donatur, qui orat
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2356 pro eo qui eleemosynam dedit. Et secundum hoc loquitur ibi
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2357 Augustinus.</p><p title="II-II q. 32 a. 9 ad 3"><a name="40371"><span class="ref">[40371] IIª-IIae q. 32 a. 9 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2358 dicendum quod, cum eleemosyna sit opus misericordiae, sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2359 misericordia non est proprie ad seipsum, sed per quandam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2360 similitudinem, ut supra dictum est; ita etiam, proprie loquendo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2361 nullus sibi eleemosynam facit, nisi forte ex persona alterius.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2362 Puta, cum aliquis distributor ponitur eleemosynarum, potest et ipse
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2363 sibi accipere, si indigeat, eo tenore quo et aliis ministrat.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 10</h3><p title="II-II q. 32 a. 10 arg. 1"><a name="40372"><span class="ref">[40372] IIª-IIae q. 32 a. 10 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2364 decimum sic proceditur. Videtur quod eleemosyna non sit abundanter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2365 facienda. Eleemosyna enim maxime debet fieri coniunctioribus. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2366 illis non debet sic dari ut ditiores inde fieri velint; sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2367 Ambrosius dicit, in I de Offic. Ergo nec aliis debet abundanter
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2368 dari.</p><p title="II-II q. 32 a. 10 arg. 2"><a name="40373"><span class="ref">[40373] IIª-IIae q. 32 a. 10 arg. 2</span></a>
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2369 Praeterea, Ambrosius dicit ibidem, <i>non debent simul effundi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2370 opes, sed dispensari</i>. Sed abundantia eleemosynarum ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2371 effusionem pertinet. Ergo eleemosyna non debet fieri
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2372 abundanter.</p><p title="II-II q. 32 a. 10 arg. 3"><a name="40374"><span class="ref">[40374] IIª-IIae q. 32 a. 10 arg. 3</span></a>
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2373 Praeterea, II ad Cor. VIII dicit apostolus, non ut aliis sit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2374 remissio, idest ut alii de nostris otiose vivant; vobis autem sit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2375 tribulatio, idest paupertas. Sed hoc contingeret si eleemosyna
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2376 daretur abundanter. Ergo non est abundanter eleemosyna
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2377 largienda.</p><p title="II-II q. 32 a. 10 s. c."><a name="40375"><span class="ref">[40375] IIª-IIae q. 32 a. 10 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2378 est quod dicitur Tob. IV, <i>si multum tibi fuerit, abundanter
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2379 tribue</i>.</p><p title="II-II q. 32 a. 10 co."><a name="40376"><span class="ref">[40376] IIª-IIae q. 32 a. 10 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2380 dicendum quod abundantia eleemosynae potest considerari et ex parte
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2381 dantis, et ex parte recipientis. Ex parte quidem dantis cum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2382 scilicet aliquis dat quod est multum secundum proportionem propriae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2383 facultatis. Et sic laudabile est abundanter dare, unde et dominus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2384 Luc. XXI, laudavit viduam, quae <i>ex eo quod deerat illi, omnem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2385 victum quem habuit misit</i>, observatis tamen his quae supra dicta
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2386 sunt de eleemosyna facienda de necessariis. Ex parte vero eius cui
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2387 datur est abundans eleemosyna dupliciter. Uno modo, quod suppleat
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2388 sufficienter eius indigentiam. Et sic laudabile est abundanter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2389 eleemosynam tribuere. Alio modo, ut superabundet ad superfluitatem.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2390 Et hoc non est laudabile, sed melius est pluribus indigentibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2391 elargiri. Unde et apostolus dicit, I ad Cor. XIII, <i>si
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2392 distribuero in cibos pauperum</i>; ubi Glossa dicit, <i>per hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2393 cautela eleemosynae docetur, ut non uni sed multis detur, ut
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2394 pluribus prosit</i>.</p><p title="II-II q. 32 a. 10 ad 1"><a name="40377"><span class="ref">[40377] IIª-IIae q. 32 a. 10 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2395 ergo dicendum quod ratio illa procedit de abundantia superexcedente
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2396 necessitatem recipientis eleemosynam.</p><p title="II-II q. 32 a. 10 ad 2"><a name="40378"><span class="ref">[40378] IIª-IIae q. 32 a. 10 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2397 dicendum quod auctoritas illa loquitur de abundantia eleemosynae ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2398 parte dantis. Sed intelligendum est quod Deus non vult simul
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2399 effundi omnes opes, nisi in mutatione status. Unde subdit ibidem,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2400 <i>nisi forte ut Elisaeus boves suos occidit, et pavit pauperes ex
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2401 eo quod habuit, ut nulla cura domestica teneretur</i>.</p><p title="II-II q. 32 a. 10 ad 3"><a name="40379"><span class="ref">[40379] IIª-IIae q. 32 a. 10 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2402 dicendum quod auctoritas inducta, quantum ad hoc quod dicit, non ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2403 alii sit remissio vel refrigerium, loquitur de abundantia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2404 eleemosynae quae superexcedit necessitatem recipientis, cui non est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2405 danda eleemosyna ut inde luxurietur, sed ut inde sustentetur. Circa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2406 quod tamen est discretio adhibenda propter diversas conditiones
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2407 hominum, quorum quidam, delicatioribus nutriti, indigent magis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2408 delicatis cibis aut vestibus. Unde et Ambrosius dicit, in libro de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2409 Offic., <i>consideranda est in largiendo aetas atque debilitas.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2410 Nonnunquam etiam verecundia, quae ingenuos prodit natales. Aut si
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2411 quis ex divitiis in egestatem cecidit sine vitio suo</i>. Quantum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2412 vero ad id quod subditur, vobis autem tribulatio, loquitur de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2413 abundantia ex parte dantis. Sed, sicut Glossa ibi dicit, non hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2414 ideo dicit quin melius esset, scilicet abundanter dare. <i>Sed de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2415 infirmis timet, quos sic dare monet ut egestatem non
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2416 patiantur</i>.</p></div></div><div class="q" id="q33"><h2>Quaestio 33</h2><div class="p"><h3>Prooemium</h3><p title="II-II q. 33 pr."><a name="40380"><span class="ref">[40380] IIª-IIae q. 33 pr.</span></a> Deinde
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2417 considerandum est de correctione fraterna. Et circa hoc quaeruntur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2418 octo. Primo, utrum fraterna correctio sit actus caritatis. Secundo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2419 utrum sit sub praecepto. Tertio, utrum hoc praeceptum extendat se
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2420 ad omnes, vel solum in praelatis. Quarto, utrum subditi teneantur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2421 ex hoc praecepto praelatos corrigere. Quinto, utrum peccator possit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2422 corrigere. Sexto, utrum aliquis debeat corrigi qui ex correctione
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2423 fit deterior. Septimo, utrum secreta correctio debeat praecedere
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2424 denuntiationem. Octavo, utrum testium inductio debeat praecedere
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2425 denuntiationem.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 1</h3><p title="II-II q. 33 a. 1 arg. 1"><a name="40381"><span class="ref">[40381] IIª-IIae q. 33 a. 1 arg. 1</span></a> Ad primum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2426 sic proceditur. Videtur quod fraterna correctio non sit actus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2427 caritatis. Dicit enim Glossa Matth. XVIII, super illud, <i>si
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2428 peccaverit in te frater tuus</i>, quod frater est arguendus ex zelo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2429 iustitiae. Sed iustitia est virtus distincta a caritate. Ergo
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2430 correctio fraterna non est actus caritatis, sed iustitiae.</p><p title="II-II q. 33 a. 1 arg. 2"><a name="40382"><span class="ref">[40382] IIª-IIae q. 33 a. 1 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2431 correctio fraterna fit per secretam admonitionem. Sed admonitio est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2432 consilium quoddam, quod pertinet ad prudentiam, prudentis enim est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2433 esse bene consiliativum, ut dicitur in VI Ethic. Ergo fraterna
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2434 correctio non est actus caritatis, sed prudentiae.</p><p title="II-II q. 33 a. 1 arg. 3"><a name="40383"><span class="ref">[40383] IIª-IIae q. 33 a. 1 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2435 contrarii actus non pertinent ad eandem virtutem. Sed supportare
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2436 peccantem est actus caritatis, secundum illud ad Gal. VI, <i>alter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2437 alterius onera portate, et sic adimplebitis legem Christi</i>, quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2438 est lex caritatis. Ergo videtur quod corrigere fratrem peccantem,
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2439 quod est contrarium supportationi, non sit actus caritatis.</p><p title="II-II q. 33 a. 1 s. c."><a name="40384"><span class="ref">[40384] IIª-IIae q. 33 a. 1 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2440 corripere delinquentem est quaedam eleemosyna spiritualis. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2441 eleemosyna est actus caritatis, ut supra dictum est. Ergo et
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2442 correctio fraterna est actus caritatis.</p><p title="II-II q. 33 a. 1 co."><a name="40385"><span class="ref">[40385] IIª-IIae q. 33 a. 1 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2443 dicendum quod correctio delinquentis est quoddam remedium quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2444 debet adhiberi contra peccatum alicuius. Peccatum autem alicuius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2445 dupliciter considerari potest, uno quidem modo, inquantum est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2446 nocivum ei qui peccat; alio modo, inquantum vergit in nocumentum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2447 aliorum, qui ex eius peccato laeduntur vel scandalizantur; et etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2448 inquantum est in nocumentum boni communis, cuius iustitia per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2449 peccatum hominis perturbatur. Duplex ergo est correctio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2450 delinquentis. Una quidem quae adhibet remedium peccato inquantum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2451 est quoddam malum ipsius peccantis, et ista est proprie fraterna
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2452 correctio, quae ordinatur ad emendationem delinquentis. Removere
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2453 autem malum alicuius eiusdem rationis est et bonum eius procurare.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2454 Procurare autem fratris bonum pertinet ad caritatem, per quam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2455 volumus et operamur bonum amico. Unde etiam correctio fraterna est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2456 actus caritatis, quia per eam repellimus malum fratris, scilicet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2457 peccatum. Cuius remotio magis pertinet ad caritatem quam etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2458 remotio exterioris damni, vel etiam corporalis nocumenti, quanto
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2459 contrarium bonum virtutis magis est affine caritati quam bonum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2460 corporis vel exteriorum rerum. Unde correctio fraterna magis est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2461 actus caritatis quam curatio infirmitatis corporalis, vel subventio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2462 qua excluditur exterior egestas. Alia vero correctio est quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2463 adhibet remedium peccati delinquentis secundum quod est in malum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2464 aliorum, et etiam praecipue in nocumentum communis boni. Et talis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2465 correctio est actus iustitiae, cuius est conservare rectitudinem
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2466 iustitiae unius ad alium.</p><p title="II-II q. 33 a. 1 ad 1"><a name="40386"><span class="ref">[40386] IIª-IIae q. 33 a. 1 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2467 ergo dicendum quod Glossa illa loquitur de secunda correctione,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2468 quae est actus iustitiae. Vel, si loquatur etiam de prima, iustitia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2469 ibi sumitur secundum quod est universalis virtus, ut infra dicetur,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2470 prout etiam omne peccatum est iniquitas, <i>ut dicitur I Ioan.
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2471 III</i>, quasi contra iustitiam existens.</p><p title="II-II q. 33 a. 1 ad 2"><a name="40387"><span class="ref">[40387] IIª-IIae q. 33 a. 1 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2472 dicendum quod, sicut philosophus dicit, in VI Ethic., <i>prudentia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2473 facit rectitudinem in his quae sunt ad finem</i>, de quibus est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2474 consilium et electio. Tamen cum per prudentiam aliquid recte agimus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2475 ad finem alicuius virtutis moralis, puta temperantiae vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2476 fortitudinis, actus ille est principaliter illius virtutis ad cuius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2477 finem ordinatur. Quia ergo admonitio quae fit in correctione
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2478 fraterna ordinatur ad amovendum peccatum fratris, quod pertinet ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2479 caritatem; manifestum est quod talis admonitio principaliter est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2480 actus caritatis, quasi imperantis, prudentiae vero secundario,
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2481 quasi exequentis et dirigentis actum.</p><p title="II-II q. 33 a. 1 ad 3"><a name="40388"><span class="ref">[40388] IIª-IIae q. 33 a. 1 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2482 dicendum quod correctio fraterna non opponitur supportationi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2483 infirmorum, sed magis ex ea consequitur. Intantum enim aliquis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2484 supportat peccantem inquantum contra eum non turbatur, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2485 benevolentiam ad eum servat. Et ex hoc contingit quod eum satagit
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2486 emendare.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 2</h3><p title="II-II q. 33 a. 2 arg. 1"><a name="40389"><span class="ref">[40389] IIª-IIae q. 33 a. 2 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2487 secundum sic proceditur. Videtur quod correctio fraterna non sit in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2488 praecepto. Nihil enim quod est impossibile cadit sub praecepto,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2489 secundum illud Hieronymi, <i>maledictus qui dicit Deum aliquid
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2490 impossibile praecepisse</i>. Sed Eccle. VII dicitur, <i>considera
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2491 opera Dei, quod nemo possit corrigere quem ille despexerit</i>.
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2492 Ergo correctio fraterna non est in praecepto.</p><p title="II-II q. 33 a. 2 arg. 2"><a name="40390"><span class="ref">[40390] IIª-IIae q. 33 a. 2 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2493 omnia praecepta legis divinae ad praecepta Decalogi reducuntur. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2494 correctio fraterna non cadit sub aliquo praeceptorum Decalogi. Ergo
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2495 non cadit sub praecepto.</p><p title="II-II q. 33 a. 2 arg. 3"><a name="40391"><span class="ref">[40391] IIª-IIae q. 33 a. 2 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2496 omissio praecepti divini est peccatum mortale, quod in sanctis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2497 viris non invenitur. Sed omissio fraternae correctionis invenitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2498 in sanctis et in spiritualibus viris, dicit enim Augustinus, I de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2499 Civ. Dei, quod <i>non solum inferiores, verum etiam hi qui
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2500 superiorem vitae gradum tenent ab aliorum reprehensione se
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2501 abstinent, propter quaedam cupiditatis vincula, non propter officia
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2502 caritatis</i>. Ergo correctio fraterna non est in praecepto.</p><p title="II-II q. 33 a. 2 arg. 4"><a name="40392"><span class="ref">[40392] IIª-IIae q. 33 a. 2 arg. 4</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2503 illud quod est in praecepto habet rationem debiti. Si ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2504 correctio fraterna caderet sub praecepto, hoc fratribus deberemus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2505 ut eos peccantes corrigeremus. Sed ille qui debet alicui debitum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2506 corporale, puta pecuniam, non debet esse contentus ut ei occurrat
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2507 creditor, sed debet eum quaerere ut debitum reddat. Oporteret ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2508 quod homo quaereret correctione indigentes ad hoc quod eos
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2509 corrigeret. Quod videtur inconveniens, tum propter multitudinem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2510 peccantium, ad quorum correctionem unus homo non posset sufficere;
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2511 tum etiam quia oporteret quod religiosi de claustris suis exirent
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2512 ad homines corrigendos, quod est inconveniens. Non ergo fraterna
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2513 correctio est in praecepto.</p><p title="II-II q. 33 a. 2 s. c."><a name="40393"><span class="ref">[40393] IIª-IIae q. 33 a. 2 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2514 est quod Augustinus dicit, in libro de Verb. Dom., <i>si neglexeris
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2515 corrigere, peior eo factus es qui peccavit</i>. Sed hoc non esset
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2516 nisi per huiusmodi negligentiam aliquis praeceptum omitteret. Ergo
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2517 correctio fraterna est in praecepto.</p><p title="II-II q. 33 a. 2 co."><a name="40394"><span class="ref">[40394] IIª-IIae q. 33 a. 2 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2518 dicendum quod correctio fraterna cadit sub praecepto. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2519 considerandum est quod sicut praecepta negativa legis prohibent
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2520 actus peccatorum, ita praecepta affirmativa inducunt ad actus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2521 virtutum. Actus autem peccatorum sunt secundum se mali, et nullo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2522 modo bene fieri possunt, nec aliquo tempore aut loco, quia secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2523 se sunt coniuncti malo fini, ut dicitur in II Ethic. Et ideo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2524 praecepta negativa obligant semper et ad semper. Sed actus virtutum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2525 non quolibet modo fieri debent, sed observatis debitis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2526 circumstantiis quae requiruntur ad hoc quod sit actus virtuosus, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2527 scilicet fiat ubi debet, et quando debet, et secundum quod debet.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2528 Et quia dispositio eorum quae sunt ad finem attenditur secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2529 rationem finis, in istis circumstantiis virtuosi actus praecipue
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2530 attendenda est ratio finis, qui est bonum virtutis. Si ergo sit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2531 aliqua talis omissio alicuius circumstantiae circa virtuosum actum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2532 quae totaliter tollat bonum virtutis, hoc contrariatur praecepto.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2533 Si autem sit defectus alicuius circumstantiae quae non totaliter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2534 tollat virtutem, licet non perfecte attingat ad bonum virtutis, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2535 est contra praeceptum. Unde et philosophus dicit, in II Ethic.,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2536 quod si parum discedatur a medio, non est contra virtutem, sed si
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2537 multum discedatur, corrumpitur virtus in suo actu. Correctio autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2538 fraterna ordinatur ad fratris emendationem. Et ideo hoc modo cadit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2539 sub praecepto, secundum quod est necessaria ad istum finem, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2540 autem ita quod quolibet loco vel tempore frater delinquens
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2541 corrigatur.</p><p title="II-II q. 33 a. 2 ad 1"><a name="40395"><span class="ref">[40395] IIª-IIae q. 33 a. 2 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2542 ergo dicendum quod in omnibus bonis agendis operatio hominis non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2543 est efficax nisi adsit auxilium divinum, et tamen homo debet facere
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2544 quod in se est. Unde Augustinus dicit, in libro de Corr. et Grat.,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2545 <i>nescientes quis pertineat ad praedestinatorum numerum et quis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2546 non pertineat, sic affici debemus caritatis affectu ut omnes
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2547 velimus salvos fieri</i>. Et ideo omnibus debemus fraternae
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2548 correctionis officium impendere sub spe divini auxilii.</p><p title="II-II q. 33 a. 2 ad 2"><a name="40396"><span class="ref">[40396] IIª-IIae q. 33 a. 2 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2549 dicendum quod, sicut supra dictum est, omnia praecepta quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2550 pertinent ad impendendum aliquod beneficium proximo reducuntur ad
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2551 praeceptum de honoratione parentum.</p><p title="II-II q. 33 a. 2 ad 3"><a name="40397"><span class="ref">[40397] IIª-IIae q. 33 a. 2 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2552 dicendum quod correctio fraterna tripliciter omitti potest. Uno
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2553 quidem modo, meritorie, quando ex caritate aliquis correctionem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2554 omittit. Dicit enim Augustinus, in I de Civ. Dei, <i>si propterea
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2555 quisque obiurgandis et corripiendis male agentibus parcit, quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2556 opportunius tempus inquiritur; vel eisdem ipsis metuit ne
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2557 deteriores ex hoc efficiantur, vel ad bonam vitam et piam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2558 erudiendos impediant alios infirmos et premant, atque avertant a
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2559 fide; non videtur esse cupiditatis occasio, sed consilium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2560 caritatis</i>. Alio modo praetermittitur fraterna correctio cum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2561 peccato mortali, quando scilicet formidatur, ut ibi dicitur,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2562 <i>iudicium vulgi et carnis excruciatio vel peremptio</i>; dum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2563 tamen haec ita dominentur in animo quod fraternae caritati
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2564 praeponantur. Et hoc videtur contingere quando aliquis praesumit de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2565 aliquo delinquente probabiliter quod posset eum a peccato
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2566 retrahere, et tamen propter timorem vel cupiditatem praetermittit.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2567 Tertio modo huiusmodi omissio est peccatum veniale, quando timor et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2568 cupiditas tardiorem faciunt hominem ad corrigendum delicta fratris,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2569 non tamen ita quod, si ei constaret quod fratrem posset a peccato
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2570 retrahere, propter timorem vel cupiditatem dimitteret, quibus in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2571 animo suo praeponit caritatem fraternam. Et hoc modo quandoque viri
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2572 sancti negligunt corrigere delinquentes.</p><p title="II-II q. 33 a. 2 ad 4"><a name="40398"><span class="ref">[40398] IIª-IIae q. 33 a. 2 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2573 dicendum quod illud quod debetur alicui determinatae et certae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2574 personae, sive sit bonum corporale sive spirituale, oportet quod ei
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2575 impendamus non expectantes quod nobis occurrat, sed debitam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2576 sollicitudinem habentes ut eum inquiramus. Unde sicut ille qui
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2577 debet pecuniam creditori debet eum requirere cum tempus fuerit ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2578 ei debitum reddat, ita qui habet spiritualiter curam alicuius debet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2579 eum quaerere ad hoc quod eum corrigat de peccato. Sed illa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2580 beneficia quae non debentur certae personae sed communiter omnibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2581 proximis, sive sint corporalia sive spiritualia, non oportet nos
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2582 quaerere quibus impendamus, sed sufficit quod impendamus eis qui
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2583 nobis occurrunt, hoc enim quasi pro quadam sorte habendum est, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2584 Augustinus dicit, in I de Doct. Christ. Et propter hoc dicit, in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2585 libro de Verb. Dom., quod <i>admonet nos dominus noster non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2586 negligere invicem peccata nostra, non quaerendo quid reprehendas,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2587 sed videndo quid corrigas</i>. Alioquin efficeremur exploratores
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2588 vitae aliorum, contra id quod dicitur Prov. XXIV, <i>ne quaeras
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2589 impietatem in domo iusti, et non vastes requiem eius</i>. Unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2590 patet quod nec religiosos oportet exire claustrum ad corrigendum
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2591 delinquentes.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 3</h3><p title="II-II q. 33 a. 3 arg. 1"><a name="40399"><span class="ref">[40399] IIª-IIae q. 33 a. 3 arg. 1</span></a> Ad tertium
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2592 sic proceditur. Videtur quod correctio fraterna non pertineat nisi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2593 ad praelatos. Dicit enim Hieronymus, <i>sacerdotes studeant illud
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2594 Evangelii implere, si peccaverit in te frater tuus</i>, et cetera.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2595 Sed nomine sacerdotum consueverunt significari praelati, qui habent
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2596 curam aliorum. Ergo videtur quod ad solos praelatos pertineat
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2597 fraterna correctio.</p><p title="II-II q. 33 a. 3 arg. 2"><a name="40400"><span class="ref">[40400] IIª-IIae q. 33 a. 3 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2598 fraterna correctio est quaedam eleemosyna spiritualis. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2599 corporalem eleemosynam facere pertinet ad eos qui sunt superiores
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2600 in temporalibus, scilicet ad ditiores. Ergo etiam fraterna
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2601 correctio pertinet ad eos qui sunt superiores in spiritualibus,
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2602 scilicet ad praelatos.</p><p title="II-II q. 33 a. 3 arg. 3"><a name="40401"><span class="ref">[40401] IIª-IIae q. 33 a. 3 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2603 ille qui corripit alium movet eum sua admonitione ad melius. Sed in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2604 rebus naturalibus inferiora moventur a superioribus. Ergo etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2605 secundum ordinem virtutis, qui sequitur ordinem naturae, ad solos
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2606 praelatos pertinet inferiores corrigere.</p><p title="II-II q. 33 a. 3 s. c."><a name="40402"><span class="ref">[40402] IIª-IIae q. 33 a. 3 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2607 est quod dicitur XXIV, qu. III, <i>tam sacerdotes quam reliqui
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2608 fideles omnes summam debent habere curam de his qui pereunt,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2609 quatenus eorum redargutione aut corrigantur a peccatis, aut, si
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2610 incorrigibiles appareant, ab Ecclesia separentur</i>.</p><p title="II-II q. 33 a. 3 co."><a name="40403"><span class="ref">[40403] IIª-IIae q. 33 a. 3 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2611 dicendum quod, sicut dictum est, duplex est correctio. Una quidem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2612 quae est actus caritatis, qui specialiter tendit ad emendationem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2613 fratris delinquentis per simplicem admonitionem. Et talis correctio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2614 pertinet ad quemlibet caritatem habentem, sive sit subditus sive
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2615 praelatus. Est autem alia correctio quae est actus iustitiae, per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2616 quam intenditur bonum commune, quod non solum procuratur per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2617 admonitionem fratris, sed interdum etiam per punitionem, ut alii a
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2618 peccato timentes desistant. Et talis correctio pertinet ad solos
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2619 praelatos, qui non solum habent admonere, sed etiam corrigere
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2620 puniendo.</p><p title="II-II q. 33 a. 3 ad 1"><a name="40404"><span class="ref">[40404] IIª-IIae q. 33 a. 3 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2621 ergo dicendum quod etiam in correctione fraterna, quae ad omnes
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2622 pertinet, gravior est cura praelatorum; ut dicit Augustinus, in I
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2623 de Civ. Dei. Sicut enim temporalia beneficia potius debet aliquis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2624 exhibere illis quorum curam temporalem habet, ita etiam beneficia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2625 spiritualia, puta correctionem, doctrinam et alia huiusmodi magis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2626 debet exhibere illis qui sunt suae spirituali curae commissi. Non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2627 ergo intendit Hieronymus dicere quod ad solos sacerdotes pertineat
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2628 praeceptum de correctione fraterna, sed quod ad hos specialiter
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2629 pertinet.</p><p title="II-II q. 33 a. 3 ad 2"><a name="40405"><span class="ref">[40405] IIª-IIae q. 33 a. 3 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2630 dicendum quod sicut ille qui habet unde corporaliter subvenire
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2631 possit quantum ad hoc dives est, ita ille qui habet sanum rationis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2632 iudicium, ex quo possit alterius delictum corrigere quantum ad hoc
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2633 est superior habendus.</p><p title="II-II q. 33 a. 3 ad 3"><a name="40406"><span class="ref">[40406] IIª-IIae q. 33 a. 3 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2634 dicendum quod etiam in rebus naturalibus quaedam mutuo in se agunt,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2635 quia quantum ad aliquid sunt se invicem superiora, prout scilicet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2636 utrumque est quodammodo in potentia et quodammodo in actu respectu
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2637 alterius. Et similiter aliquis, inquantum habet sanum rationis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2638 iudicium in hoc in quo alter delinquit, potest eum corrigere, licet
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2639 non sit simpliciter superior.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 4</h3><p title="II-II q. 33 a. 4 arg. 1"><a name="40407"><span class="ref">[40407] IIª-IIae q. 33 a. 4 arg. 1</span></a> Ad quartum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2640 sic proceditur. Videtur quod aliquis non teneatur corrigere
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2641 praelatum suum. Dicitur enim Exod. XIX, <i>bestia quae tetigerit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2642 montem lapidabitur</i>, et II Reg. VI dicitur quod Oza percussus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2643 est a domino quia tetigit arcam. Sed per montem et arcam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2644 significatur praelatus. Ergo praelati non sunt corrigendi a
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2645 subditis.</p><p title="II-II q. 33 a. 4 arg. 2"><a name="40408"><span class="ref">[40408] IIª-IIae q. 33 a. 4 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2646 Gal. II, super illud, <i>in faciem ei restiti</i>, dicit Glossa,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2647 <i>ut par</i>. Ergo, cum subditus non sit par praelato, non debet
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2648 eum corrigere.</p><p title="II-II q. 33 a. 4 arg. 3"><a name="40409"><span class="ref">[40409] IIª-IIae q. 33 a. 4 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2649 Gregorius dicit, <i>sanctorum vitam corrigere non praesumat nisi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2650 qui de se meliora sentit</i>. Sed aliquis non debet de se meliora
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2651 sentire quam de praelato suo. Ergo praelati non sunt
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2652 corrigendi.</p><p title="II-II q. 33 a. 4 s. c."><a name="40410"><span class="ref">[40410] IIª-IIae q. 33 a. 4 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2653 est quod Augustinus dicit, in regula, <i>non solum vestri, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2654 etiam ipsius, idest praelati, miseremini, qui inter vos quanto in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2655 loco superiore, tanto in periculo maiore versatur</i>. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2656 correctio fraterna est opus misericordiae. Ergo etiam praelati sunt
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2657 corrigendi.</p><p title="II-II q. 33 a. 4 co."><a name="40411"><span class="ref">[40411] IIª-IIae q. 33 a. 4 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2658 dicendum quod correctio quae est actus iustitiae per coercionem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2659 poenae non competit subditis respectu praelati. Sed correctio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2660 fraterna, quae est actus caritatis, pertinet ad unumquemque
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2661 respectu cuiuslibet personae ad quam caritatem debet habere, si in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2662 eo aliquid corrigibile inveniatur. Actus enim ex aliquo habitu vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2663 potentia procedens se extendit ad omnia quae continentur sub
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2664 obiecto illius potentiae vel habitus, sicut visio ad omnia quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2665 continentur sub obiecto visus. Sed quia actus virtuosus debet esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2666 moderatus debitis circumstantiis, ideo in correctione qua subditi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2667 corrigunt praelatos debet modus congruus adhiberi, ut scilicet non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2668 cum protervia et duritia, sed cum mansuetudine et reverentia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2669 corrigantur. Unde apostolus dicit, I ad Tim. V, <i>seniorem ne
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2670 increpaveris, sed obsecra ut patrem</i>. Et ideo Dionysius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2671 redarguit Demophilum monachum quia sacerdotem irreverenter
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2672 correxerat, eum percutiens et de Ecclesia eiiciens.</p><p title="II-II q. 33 a. 4 ad 1"><a name="40412"><span class="ref">[40412] IIª-IIae q. 33 a. 4 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2673 ergo dicendum quod tunc praelatus inordinate tangi videtur quando
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2674 irreverenter obiurgatur, vel etiam quando ei detrahitur. Et hoc
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2675 significatur per contactum montis et arcae damnatum a Deo.</p><p title="II-II q. 33 a. 4 ad 2"><a name="40413"><span class="ref">[40413] IIª-IIae q. 33 a. 4 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2676 dicendum quod in faciem resistere coram omnibus excedit modum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2677 fraternae correctionis, et ideo sic Paulus Petrum non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2678 reprehendisset nisi aliquo modo par esset, quantum ad fidei
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2679 defensionem. Sed in occulto admonere et reverenter, hoc potest
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2680 etiam ille qui non est par. Unde apostolus, ad Coloss. ult.,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2681 scribit ut praelatum suum admoneant, cum dicit, <i>dicite Archippo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2682 ministerium tuum imple</i>. Sciendum tamen est quod ubi immineret
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2683 periculum fidei, etiam publice essent praelati a subditis arguendi.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2684 Unde et Paulus, qui erat subditus Petro, propter imminens periculum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2685 scandali circa fidem, Petrum publice arguit. Et sicut Glossa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2686 Augustini dicit, ad Gal. II, <i>ipse Petrus exemplum maioribus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2687 praebuit ut, sicubi forte rectum tramitem reliquissent, non
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2688 dedignentur etiam a posterioribus corrigi</i>.</p><p title="II-II q. 33 a. 4 ad 3"><a name="40414"><span class="ref">[40414] IIª-IIae q. 33 a. 4 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2689 dicendum quod praesumere se esse simpliciter meliorem quam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2690 praelatus sit, videtur esse praesumptuosae superbiae. Sed aestimare
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2691 se meliorem quantum ad aliquid non est praesumptionis, quia nullus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2692 est in hac vita qui non habeat aliquem defectum. Et etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2693 considerandum est quod cum aliquis praelatum caritative monet, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2694 propter hoc se maiorem existimat, sed auxilium impartitur ei qui,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2695 <i>quanto in loco superiori, tanto in periculo maiori versatur</i>,
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2696 ut Augustinus dicit, in regula.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 5</h3><p title="II-II q. 33 a. 5 arg. 1"><a name="40415"><span class="ref">[40415] IIª-IIae q. 33 a. 5 arg. 1</span></a> Ad quintum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2697 sic proceditur. Videtur quod peccator corrigere debeat
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2698 delinquentem. Nullus enim propter peccatum quod commisit a
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2699 praecepto observando excusatur. Sed correctio fraterna cadit sub
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2700 praecepto, ut dictum est. Ergo videtur quod propter peccatum quod
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2701 quis commisit non debeat praetermittere huiusmodi correctionem.</p><p title="II-II q. 33 a. 5 arg. 2"><a name="40416"><span class="ref">[40416] IIª-IIae q. 33 a. 5 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2702 eleemosyna spiritualis est potior quam eleemosyna corporalis. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2703 ille qui est in peccato non debet abstinere quin eleemosynam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2704 corporalem faciat. Ergo multo minus debet abstinere a correctione
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2705 delinquentis propter peccatum praecedens.</p><p title="II-II q. 33 a. 5 arg. 3"><a name="40417"><span class="ref">[40417] IIª-IIae q. 33 a. 5 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2706 I Ioan. I dicitur, <i>si dixerimus quia peccatum non habemus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2707 nosipsos seducimus</i>. Si igitur propter peccatum aliquis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2708 impeditur a correctione fraterna, nullus erit qui possit corrigere
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2709 delinquentem. Hoc autem est inconveniens. Ergo et primum.</p><p title="II-II q. 33 a. 5 s. c."><a name="40418"><span class="ref">[40418] IIª-IIae q. 33 a. 5 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2710 est quod Isidorus dicit, in libro de summo bono, <i>non debet vitia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2711 aliorum corrigere qui est vitiis subiectus</i>. Et Rom. II dicitur,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2712 <i>in quo alium iudicas, teipsum condemnas, eadem enim agis quae
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2713 iudicas</i>.</p><p title="II-II q. 33 a. 5 co."><a name="40419"><span class="ref">[40419] IIª-IIae q. 33 a. 5 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2714 dicendum quod, sicut dictum est, correctio delinquentis pertinet ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2715 aliquem inquantum viget in eo rectum iudicium rationis. Peccatum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2716 autem, ut supra dictum est, non tollit totum bonum naturae, quin
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2717 remaneat in peccante aliquid de recto iudicio rationis. Et secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2718 hoc potest sibi competere alterius delictum arguere. Sed tamen per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2719 peccatum praecedens impedimentum quoddam huic correctioni affertur,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2720 propter tria. Primo quidem, quia ex peccato praecedenti indignus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2721 redditur ut alium corrigat. Et praecipue si maius peccatum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2722 commisit, non est dignus ut alium corrigat de minori peccato. Unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2723 super illud Matth. VII, <i>quid vides festucam</i> etc., dicit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2724 Hieronymus, <i>de his loquitur qui, cum mortali crimine detineantur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2725 obnoxii, minora peccata fratribus non concedunt</i>. Secundo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2726 redditur indebita correctio propter scandalum, quod sequitur ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2727 correctione si peccatum corripientis sit manifestum, quia videtur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2728 quod ille qui corrigit non corrigat ex caritate, sed magis ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2729 ostentationem. Unde super illud Matth. VII, <i>quomodo dicis fratri
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2730 tuo</i> etc., exponit Chrysostomus, <i>in quo proposito? Puta ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2731 caritate, ut salves proximum tuum? Non, quia teipsum ante salvares.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2732 Vis ergo non alios salvare, sed per bonam doctrinam malos actus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2733 celare, et scientiae laudem ab hominibus quaerere</i>. Tertio modo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2734 propter superbiam corripientis, inquantum scilicet aliquis, propria
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2735 peccata parvipendens, seipsum proximo praefert in corde suo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2736 peccata eius austera severitate diiudicans, ac si ipse esset
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2737 iustus. Unde Augustinus dicit, in libro de Serm. Dom. in monte,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2738 <i>accusare vitia officium est bonorum, quod cum mali faciunt,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2739 alienas partes agunt</i>. Et ideo, sicut Augustinus dicit in eodem,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2740 <i>cogitemus, cum aliquem reprehendere nos necessitas coegerit,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2741 utrum tale sit vitium quod nunquam habuimus, et tunc cogitemus nos
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2742 homines esse, et habere potuisse. Vel tale quod habuimus et iam non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2743 habemus, et tunc tangat memoriam communis fragilitas, ut illam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2744 correctionem non odium sed misericordia praecedat. Si autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2745 invenerimus nos in eodem vitio esse, non obiurgemus, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2746 congemiscamus et ad pariter poenitendum invitemus</i>. Ex his
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2747 igitur patet quod peccator, si cum humilitate corripiat
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2748 delinquentem, non peccat, nec sibi novam condemnationem acquirit;
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2749 licet per hoc vel in conscientia fratris, vel saltem sua, pro
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2750 peccato praeterito condemnabilem se esse ostendat.</p><p title="II-II q. 33 a. 5 ad arg."><a name="40420"><span class="ref">[40420] IIª-IIae q. 33 a. 5 ad arg.</span></a> Unde
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2751 patet responsio ad obiecta.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 6</h3><p title="II-II q. 33 a. 6 arg. 1"><a name="40421"><span class="ref">[40421] IIª-IIae q. 33 a. 6 arg. 1</span></a> Ad sextum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2752 sic proceditur. Videtur quod aliquis non debeat a correctione
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2753 cessare propter timorem ne ille fiat deterior. Peccatum enim est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2754 quaedam infirmitas animae, secundum illud Psalm., <i>miserere mei,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2755 domine, quoniam infirmus sum</i>. Sed ille cui imminet cura infirmi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2756 etiam propter eius contradictionem vel contemptum non debet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2757 cessare, quia tunc imminet maius periculum, sicut patet circa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2758 furiosos. Ergo multo magis debet homo peccantem corrigere,
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2759 quantumcumque graviter ferat.</p><p title="II-II q. 33 a. 6 arg. 2"><a name="40422"><span class="ref">[40422] IIª-IIae q. 33 a. 6 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2760 secundum Hieronymum, <i>veritas vitae non est dimittenda propter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2761 scandalum</i>. Praecepta autem Dei pertinent ad veritatem vitae.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2762 Cum ergo correctio fraterna cadat sub praecepto, ut dictum est,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2763 videtur quod non sit dimittenda propter scandalum eius qui
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2764 corripitur.</p><p title="II-II q. 33 a. 6 arg. 3"><a name="40423"><span class="ref">[40423] IIª-IIae q. 33 a. 6 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2765 secundum apostolum, ad Rom. III, <i>non sunt facienda mala ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2766 veniant bona</i>. Ergo, pari ratione, non sunt praetermittenda bona
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2767 ne veniant mala. Sed correctio fraterna est quoddam bonum. Ergo non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2768 est praetermittenda propter timorem ne ille qui corripitur fiat
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2769 deterior.</p><p title="II-II q. 33 a. 6 s. c."><a name="40424"><span class="ref">[40424] IIª-IIae q. 33 a. 6 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2770 est quod dicitur Prov. IX, <i>noli arguere derisorem, ne oderit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2771 te</i>, ubi dicit Glossa, <i>non est timendum ne tibi derisor, cum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2772 arguitur, contumelias inferat, sed hoc potius providendum, ne,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2773 tractus ad odium, inde fiat peior</i>. Ergo cessandum est a
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2774 correctione fraterna quando timetur ne fiat ille inde deterior.</p><p title="II-II q. 33 a. 6 co."><a name="40425"><span class="ref">[40425] IIª-IIae q. 33 a. 6 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2775 dicendum quod, sicut dictum est, duplex est correctio delinquentis.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2776 Una quidem pertinens ad praelatos, quae ordinatur ad bonum commune,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2777 et habet vim coactivam. Et talis correctio non est dimittenda
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2778 propter turbationem eius qui corripitur. Tum quia, si propria
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2779 sponte emendari non velit, cogendus est per poenas ut peccare
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2780 desistat. Tum etiam quia, si incorrigibilis sit, per hoc providetur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2781 bono communi, dum servatur ordo iustitiae, et unius exemplo alii
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2782 deterrentur. Unde iudex non praetermittit ferre sententiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2783 condemnationis in peccantem propter timorem turbationis ipsius, vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2784 etiam amicorum eius. Alia vero est correctio fraterna, cuius finis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2785 est emendatio delinquentis, non habens coactionem sed simplicem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2786 admonitionem. Et ideo ubi probabiliter aestimatur quod peccator
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2787 admonitionem non recipiat, sed ad peiora labatur, est ab huiusmodi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2788 correctione desistendum, quia ea quae sunt ad finem debent regulari
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2789 secundum quod exigit ratio finis.</p><p title="II-II q. 33 a. 6 ad 1"><a name="40426"><span class="ref">[40426] IIª-IIae q. 33 a. 6 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2790 ergo dicendum quod medicus quadam coactione utitur in phreneticum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2791 qui curam eius recipere non vult. Et huic similatur correctio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2792 praelatorum, quae habet vim coactivam, non autem simplex correctio
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2793 fraterna.</p><p title="II-II q. 33 a. 6 ad 2"><a name="40427"><span class="ref">[40427] IIª-IIae q. 33 a. 6 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2794 dicendum quod de correctione fraterna datur praeceptum secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2795 quod est actus virtutis. Hoc autem est secundum quod proportionatur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2796 fini. Et ideo quando est impeditiva finis, puta cum efficitur homo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2797 deterior, iam non pertinet ad veritatem vitae, nec cadit sub
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2798 praecepto.</p><p title="II-II q. 33 a. 6 ad 3"><a name="40428"><span class="ref">[40428] IIª-IIae q. 33 a. 6 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2799 dicendum quod ea quae ordinantur ad finem habent rationem boni ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2800 ordine ad finem. Et ideo correctio fraterna, quando est impeditiva
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2801 finis, scilicet emendationis fratris, iam non habet rationem boni.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2802 Et ideo cum praetermittitur talis correctio, non praetermittitur
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2803 bonum ne eveniat malum.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 7</h3><p title="II-II q. 33 a. 7 arg. 1"><a name="40429"><span class="ref">[40429] IIª-IIae q. 33 a. 7 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2804 septimum sic proceditur. Videtur quod in correctione fraterna non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2805 debeat, ex necessitate praecepti, admonitio secreta praecedere
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2806 denuntiationem. Operibus enim caritatis praecipue debemus Deum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2807 imitari, secundum illud Ephes. V, <i>estote imitatores Dei, sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2808 filii carissimi, et ambulate in dilectione</i>. Deus autem interdum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2809 publice punit hominem pro peccato nulla secreta monitione
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2810 praecedente. Ergo videtur quod non sit necessarium admonitionem
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2811 secretam praecedere denuntiationem.</p><p title="II-II q. 33 a. 7 arg. 2"><a name="40430"><span class="ref">[40430] IIª-IIae q. 33 a. 7 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2812 sicut Augustinus dicit, in libro contra mendacium, <i>ex gestis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2813 sanctorum intelligi potest qualiter sunt praecepta sacrae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2814 Scripturae intelligenda</i>. Sed in gestis sanctorum invenitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2815 facta publica denuntiatio peccati occulti nulla secreta monitione
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2816 praecedente, sicut legitur Gen. XXXVII quod Ioseph <i>accusavit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2817 fratres suos apud patrem crimine pessimo</i>; et Act. V dicitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2818 quod Petrus Ananiam et Saphiram, occulte defraudantes de pretio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2819 agri, publice denuntiavit nulla secreta admonitione praemissa. Ipse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2820 etiam dominus non legitur secreto admonuisse Iudam antequam eum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2821 denuntiaret. Non ergo est de necessitate praecepti ut secreta
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2822 admonitio praecedat publicam denuntiationem.</p><p title="II-II q. 33 a. 7 arg. 3"><a name="40431"><span class="ref">[40431] IIª-IIae q. 33 a. 7 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2823 accusatio est gravior quam denuntiatio. Sed ad publicam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2824 accusationem potest aliquis procedere nulla admonitione secreta
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2825 praecedente, determinatur enim in decretali quod accusationem debet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2826 praecedere inscriptio. Ergo videtur quod non sit de necessitate
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2827 praecepti quod secreta admonitio praecedat publicam
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2828 denuntiationem.</p><p title="II-II q. 33 a. 7 arg. 4"><a name="40432"><span class="ref">[40432] IIª-IIae q. 33 a. 7 arg. 4</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2829 non videtur esse probabile quod ea quae sunt in communi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2830 consuetudine religiosorum sint contra praecepta Christi. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2831 consuetum est in religionibus quod in capitulis aliqui proclamantur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2832 de culpis nulla secreta admonitione praemissa. Ergo videtur quod
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2833 hoc non sit de necessitate praecepti.</p><p title="II-II q. 33 a. 7 arg. 5"><a name="40433"><span class="ref">[40433] IIª-IIae q. 33 a. 7 arg. 5</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2834 religiosi tenentur suis praelatis obedire. Sed quandoque praelati
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2835 praecipiunt, vel communiter omnibus vel alicui specialiter, ut si
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2836 quid scit corrigendum, ei dicatur. Ergo videtur quod teneantur ei
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2837 dicere etiam ante secretam admonitionem. Non ergo est de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2838 necessitate praecepti ut secreta admonitio praecedat publicam
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2839 denuntiationem.</p><p title="II-II q. 33 a. 7 s. c."><a name="40434"><span class="ref">[40434] IIª-IIae q. 33 a. 7 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2840 est quod Augustinus dicit, in libro de verbis Dom., exponens illud,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2841 <i>corripe ipsum inter te et ipsum solum, studens correctioni,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2842 parcens pudori. Forte enim prae verecundia incipit defendere
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2843 peccatum suum, et quem vis facere meliorem, facis peiorem</i>. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2844 ad hoc tenemur per praeceptum caritatis ut caveamus ne frater
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2845 deterior efficiatur. Ergo ordo correctionis fraternae cadit sub
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2846 praecepto.</p><p title="II-II q. 33 a. 7 co."><a name="40435"><span class="ref">[40435] IIª-IIae q. 33 a. 7 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2847 dicendum quod circa publicam denuntiationem peccatorum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2848 distinguendum est. Aut enim peccata sunt publica, aut sunt occulta.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2849 Si quidem sint publica, non est tantum adhibendum remedium ei qui
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2850 peccavit, ut melior fiat, sed etiam aliis, in quorum notitiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2851 devenit, ut non scandalizentur. Et ideo talia peccata sunt publice
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2852 arguenda, secundum illud apostoli, I ad Tim. V, <i>peccantem coram
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2853 omnibus argue, ut ceteri timorem habeant</i>; quod intelligitur de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2854 peccatis publicis, ut Augustinus dicit, in libro de verbis Dom. Si
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2855 vero sint peccata occulta, sic videtur habere locum quod dominus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2856 dicit, <i>si peccaverit in te frater tuus</i>, quando enim te
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2857 offendit publice coram aliis, iam non solum in te peccat, sed etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2858 in alios, quos turbat. Sed quia etiam in occultis peccatis potest
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2859 parari proximorum offensa, ideo adhuc distinguendum videtur.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2860 Quaedam enim peccata occulta sunt quae sunt in nocumentum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2861 proximorum vel corporale vel spirituale, puta si aliquis occulte
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2862 tractet quomodo civitas tradatur hostibus; vel si haereticus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2863 privatim homines a fide avertat. Et quia hic ille qui occulte
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2864 peccat non solum in te peccat, sed etiam in alios; oportet statim
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2865 ad denuntiationem procedere, ut huiusmodi nocumentum impediatur,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2866 nisi forte aliquis firmiter aestimaret quod statim per secretam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2867 admonitionem posset huiusmodi mala impedire. Quaedam vero peccata
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2868 sunt quae sunt solum in malum peccantis et tui, in quem peccatur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2869 vel quia a peccante laederis, vel saltem ex sola notitia. Et tunc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2870 ad hoc solum tendendum est ut fratri peccanti subveniatur. Et sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2871 medicus corporalis sanitatem confert, si potest, sine alicuius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2872 membri abscissione; si autem non potest, abscindit membrum minus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2873 necessarium, ut vita totius conservetur, ita etiam ille qui studet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2874 emendationi fratris debet, si potest, sic emendare fratrem, quantum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2875 ad conscientiam, ut fama eius conservetur. Quae quidem est utilis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2876 primo quidem et ipsi peccanti, non solum in temporalibus, in quibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2877 quantum ad multa homo patitur detrimentum amissa fama; sed etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2878 quantum ad spiritualia, quia prae timore infamiae multi a peccato
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2879 retrahuntur, unde quando se infamatos conspiciunt, irrefrenate
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2880 peccant. Unde Hieronymus dicit, <i>corripiendus est seorsum frater,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2881 ne, si semel pudorem aut verecundiam amiserit, permaneat in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2882 peccato</i>. Secundo debet conservari fama fratris peccantis, tum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2883 quia, uno infamato, alii infamantur, secundum illud Augustini, in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2884 Epist. ad plebem Hipponensem, <i>cum de aliquibus qui sanctum nomen
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2885 profitentur aliquid criminis vel falsi sonuerit vel veri patuerit,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2886 instant, satagunt, ambiunt ut de omnibus hoc credatur</i>. Tum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2887 etiam quia ex peccato unius publicato alii provocantur ad peccatum.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2888 Sed quia conscientia praeferenda est famae, voluit dominus ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2889 saltem cum dispendio famae fratris conscientia per publicam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2890 denuntiationem a peccato liberetur. Unde patet de necessitate
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2891 praecepti esse quod secreta admonitio publicam denuntiationem
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2892 praecedat.</p><p title="II-II q. 33 a. 7 ad 1"><a name="40436"><span class="ref">[40436] IIª-IIae q. 33 a. 7 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2893 ergo dicendum quod omnia occulta Deo sunt nota. Et ideo hoc modo se
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2894 habent occulta peccata ad iudicium divinum sicut publica ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2895 humanum. Et tamen plerumque Deus peccatores quasi secreta
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2896 admonitione arguit interius inspirando, vel vigilanti vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2897 dormienti, secundum illud Iob XXXIII, <i>per somnium in visione
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2898 nocturna, quando irruit sopor super homines, tunc aperit aures
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2899 virorum, et erudiens eos instruit disciplina, ut avertat hominem ab
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2900 his quae fecit</i>.</p><p title="II-II q. 33 a. 7 ad 2"><a name="40437"><span class="ref">[40437] IIª-IIae q. 33 a. 7 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2901 dicendum quod dominus peccatum Iudae, tanquam Deus, sicut publicum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2902 habebat. Unde statim poterat ad publicandum procedere. Tamen ipse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2903 non publicavit, sed obscuris verbis eum de peccato suo admonuit.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2904 Petrus autem publicavit peccatum occultum Ananiae et Saphirae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2905 tanquam executor Dei, cuius revelatione peccatum cognovit. De
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2906 Ioseph autem credendum est quod fratres suos quandoque admonuerit,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2907 licet non sit scriptum. Vel potest dici quod peccatum publicum erat
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2908 inter fratres, unde dicit pluraliter, accusavit fratres suos.</p><p title="II-II q. 33 a. 7 ad 3"><a name="40438"><span class="ref">[40438] IIª-IIae q. 33 a. 7 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2909 dicendum quod quando imminet periculum multitudinis, non habent ibi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2910 locum haec verba domini, quia tunc frater peccans non peccat in te
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2911 tantum.</p><p title="II-II q. 33 a. 7 ad 4"><a name="40439"><span class="ref">[40439] IIª-IIae q. 33 a. 7 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2912 dicendum quod huiusmodi proclamationes quae in capitulis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2913 religiosorum fiunt sunt de aliquibus levibus, quae famae non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2914 derogant. Unde sunt quasi quaedam commemorationes potius oblitarum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2915 culparum quam accusationes vel denuntiationes. Si essent tamen
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2916 talia de quibus frater infamaretur, contra praeceptum domini ageret
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2917 qui per hunc modum peccatum fratris publicaret.</p><p title="II-II q. 33 a. 7 ad 5"><a name="40440"><span class="ref">[40440] IIª-IIae q. 33 a. 7 ad 5</span></a> Ad quintum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2918 dicendum quod praelato non est obediendum contra praeceptum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2919 divinum, secundum illud Act. V, <i>obedire oportet Deo magis quam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2920 hominibus</i>. Et ideo quando praelatus praecipit ut sibi dicatur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2921 quod quis sciverit corrigendum, intelligendum est praeceptum sane,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2922 salvo ordine correctionis fraternae, sive praeceptum fiat
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2923 communiter ad omnes, sive ad aliquem specialiter. Sed si praelatus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2924 expresse praeciperet contra hunc ordinem a domino constitutum, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2925 ipse peccaret praecipiens et ei obediens, quasi contra praeceptum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2926 domini agens, unde non esset ei obediendum. Quia praelatus non est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2927 iudex occultorum, sed solus Deus, unde non habet potestatem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2928 praecipiendi aliquid super occultis nisi inquantum per aliqua
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2929 indicia manifestantur, puta per infamiam vel aliquas suspiciones;
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2930 in quibus casibus potest praelatus praecipere eodem modo sicut et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2931 iudex saecularis vel ecclesiasticus potest exigere iuramentum de
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2932 veritate dicenda.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 8</h3><p title="II-II q. 33 a. 8 arg. 1"><a name="40441"><span class="ref">[40441] IIª-IIae q. 33 a. 8 arg. 1</span></a> Ad octavum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2933 sic proceditur. Videtur quod testium inductio non debeat praecedere
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2934 publicam denuntiationem. Peccata enim occulta non sunt aliis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2935 manifestanda, quia sic homo magis esset proditor criminis quam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2936 corrector fratris, ut Augustinus dicit. Sed ille qui inducit testes
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2937 peccatum fratris alteri manifestat. Ergo in peccatis occultis non
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2938 debet testium inductio praecedere publicam denuntiationem.</p><p title="II-II q. 33 a. 8 arg. 2"><a name="40442"><span class="ref">[40442] IIª-IIae q. 33 a. 8 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2939 homo debet diligere proximum sicut seipsum. Sed nullus ad suum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2940 peccatum occultum inducit testes. Ergo neque ad peccatum occultum
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2941 fratris debet inducere.</p><p title="II-II q. 33 a. 8 arg. 3"><a name="40443"><span class="ref">[40443] IIª-IIae q. 33 a. 8 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2942 testes inducuntur ad aliquid probandum. Sed in occultis non potest
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2943 fieri probatio per testes. Ergo frustra huiusmodi testes
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2944 inducuntur.</p><p title="II-II q. 33 a. 8 arg. 4"><a name="40444"><span class="ref">[40444] IIª-IIae q. 33 a. 8 arg. 4</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2945 Augustinus dicit, in regula, quod <i>prius praeposito debet ostendi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2946 quam testibus</i>. Sed ostendere praeposito sive praelato est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2947 dicere Ecclesiae. Non ergo testium inductio debet praecedere
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2948 publicam denuntiationem.</p><p title="II-II q. 33 a. 8 s. c."><a name="40445"><span class="ref">[40445] IIª-IIae q. 33 a. 8 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2949 est quod dominus dicit, Matth. XVIII.</p><p title="II-II q. 33 a. 8 co."><a name="40446"><span class="ref">[40446] IIª-IIae q. 33 a. 8 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2950 dicendum quod de uno extremo ad aliud extremum convenienter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2951 transitur per medium. In correctione autem fraterna dominus voluit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2952 quod principium esset occultum, dum frater corriperet fratrem inter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2953 se et ipsum solum; finem autem voluit esse publicum, ut scilicet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2954 Ecclesiae denuntiaretur. Et ideo convenienter in medio ponitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2955 testium inductio, ut primo paucis indicetur peccatum fratris, qui
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2956 possint prodesse et non obesse, ut saltem sic sine multitudinis
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2957 infamia emendetur.</p><p title="II-II q. 33 a. 8 ad 1"><a name="40447"><span class="ref">[40447] IIª-IIae q. 33 a. 8 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2958 ergo dicendum quod quidam sic intellexerunt ordinem fraternae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2959 correctionis esse servandum ut primo frater sit in secreto
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2960 corripiendus, et si audierit, bene quidem. Si autem non audierit,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2961 si peccatum sit omnino occultum, dicebant non esse ulterius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2962 procedendum. Si autem incipit iam ad plurium notitiam devenire
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2963 aliquibus indiciis, debet ulterius procedi, secundum quod dominus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2964 mandat. Sed hoc est contra id quod Augustinus dicit, in regula,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2965 quod peccatum fratris non debet occultari, ne putrescat in corde.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2966 Et ideo aliter dicendum est quod post admonitionem secretam semel
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2967 vel pluries factam, quandiu spes probabiliter habetur de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2968 correctione, per secretam admonitionem procedendum est. Ex quo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2969 autem iam probabiliter cognoscere possumus quod secreta admonitio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2970 non valet, procedendum est ulterius, quantumcumque sit peccatum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2971 occultum, ad testium inductionem. Nisi forte probabiliter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2972 aestimaretur quod hoc ad emendationem fratris non proficeret, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2973 exinde deterior redderetur, quia propter hoc est totaliter a
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2974 correctione cessandum, ut supra dictum est.</p><p title="II-II q. 33 a. 8 ad 2"><a name="40448"><span class="ref">[40448] IIª-IIae q. 33 a. 8 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2975 dicendum quod homo non indiget testibus ad emendationem sui
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2976 peccati, quod tamen potest esse necessarium ad emendationem peccati
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2977 fratris. Unde non est similis ratio.</p><p title="II-II q. 33 a. 8 ad 3"><a name="40449"><span class="ref">[40449] IIª-IIae q. 33 a. 8 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2978 dicendum quod testes possunt induci propter tria. Uno modo, ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2979 ostendendum quod hoc sit peccatum de quo aliquis arguitur; ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2980 Hieronymus dicit. Secundo, ad convincendum de actu, si actus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2981 iteretur; ut Augustinus dicit, in regula. Tertio, <i>ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2982 testificandum quod frater admonens fecit quod in se fuit</i>; ut
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2983 Chrysostomus dicit.</p><p title="II-II q. 33 a. 8 ad 4"><a name="40450"><span class="ref">[40450] IIª-IIae q. 33 a. 8 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2984 dicendum quod Augustinus intelligit quod prius dicatur praelato
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2985 quam testibus secundum quod praelatus est quaedam singularis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2986 persona quae magis potest prodesse quam alii, non autem quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2987 dicatur ei tanquam Ecclesiae, idest sicut in loco iudicis
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2988 residenti.</p></div></div><div class="centro"><br/>
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2989 <p><a href="sth3025.html"><img alt="age retro" border="0" align="middle" height="19" width="19" src="icons/ageretro.gif"/></a>
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2990 <a href="sth3034.html"><img alt="age ultra" border="0" align="middle" height="19" width="19" src="icons/ageultra.gif"/></a></p>
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2991 <br/>
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2992 <hr/>
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2993 <br/>
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2994 <address>© 2006 Fundación Tomás de Aquino quoad
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2995 hanc editionem<br/>
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2996 Iura omnia asservantur<br/>
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2997 OCLC nr. <a style="text-decoration=none" href="http://worldcatlibraries.org/wcpa/oclc/49644264">49644264</a></address>
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2998 </div></body>
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2999 </html>

Mercurial > hg > Aquinas

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