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annotate summa/latin/sth3146.html @ 125:183bfdf5ca5c

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catch up through FS_vi A108
author ht
date Sat, 10 Sep 2022 10:03:58 +0000
parents 03759e5c1080
children
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1 <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "file:///c:/cygwin/usr/local/share/lib/xml/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
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2 <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" lang="LA" xml:lang="LA">
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3 <head>
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4 <meta name="generator" content="HTML Tidy for Windows (vers 1st February 2005), see www.w3.org"/>
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5 <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=us-ascii"/>
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6 <meta http-equiv="Content-Style-Type" content="text/css"/>
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7 <meta http-equiv="Content-Script-Type" content="text/javascript"/>
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8 <meta name="keywords" content="Thomas de Aquino, Summa Theologiae, Corpus Thomisticum"/>
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9 <meta name="language" content="Latin"/>
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10 <meta name="security" content="public"/>
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11 <meta name="owner" content="ealarcon@unav.es"/>
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12 <meta name="author" content="Enrique Alarcón"/>
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13 <meta name="abstract" content=""/>
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14 <link rel="stylesheet" media="screen" href="vscreen.css" type="text/css"/>
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15 <link rel="stylesheet" media="print" href="vprint.css" type="text/css"/>
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16 <title>Thomas de Aquino, Summa Theologiae, IIª-IIae q.
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17 146-154</title>
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18 </head>
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19 <body><a href="http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/"/><div class="tres">CORPUS THOMISTICUM</div><div class="uno">Sancti Thomae de Aquino</div><div class="uno">Summa Theologiae</div><div class="dos">secunda pars secundae partis a quaestione CXLVI ad
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20 CLIV</div><div class="centro">
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21 <table align="center" summary="Imago">
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22 <tr>
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23 <th><img src="icons/fugit190.jpg" width="275" height="190" border="0" alt="Thomas de Aquino a Filippino Lippi depictus (Cappella Carafa, S. Maria sopra Minerva, Roma)" align="middle"/></th>
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24 </tr>
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25 </table>
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26 <br/>
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27 <span class="tres">Textum Leoninum Romae 1899 editum<br/>
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28 ac automato translatum a Roberto Busa SJ in taenias
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29 magneticas<br/>
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30 denuo recognovit Enrique Alarcón atque instruxit<br/>
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31 <br/></span><br/>
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32 <hr/>
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33 <br/>
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34 <p><a href="sth3144.html"><img src="icons/ageretro.gif" width="19" height="19" align="middle" border="0" alt="age retro"/></a>  
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35 <a href="sth3155.html"><img src="icons/ageultra.gif" width="19" height="19" align="middle" border="0" alt="age ultra"/></a></p>
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36 <script language="JavaScript" type="text/javascript">
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37 //
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38 &lt;!--
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39 // original code by Bill Trefzger 12/12/96; revised by Enrique Alarcon 12/9/2000
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40 function go(){if(document.selecter.select1.options[document.selecter.select1.selectedIndex].value !="none"){location=document.selecter.select1.options[document.selecter.select1.selectedIndex].value}}
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parents: 28
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131 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#44885"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae, q. 147 a. 8 co.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
132 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#44886"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae, q. 147 a. 8 ad 1');
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parents: 28
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133 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#44887"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae, q. 147 a. 8 ad 2');
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parents: 28
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134 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#44888"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae, q. 147 a. 8 ad 3');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
135 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#44889"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae, q. 148 pr.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
136 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#44890"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae, q. 148 a. 1 arg. 1');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
137 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#44891"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae, q. 148 a. 1 arg. 2');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
138 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#44892"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae, q. 148 a. 1 arg. 3');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
139 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#44893"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae, q. 148 a. 1 s. c.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
140 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#44894"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae, q. 148 a. 1 co.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
141 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#44895"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae, q. 148 a. 1 ad 1');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
142 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#44896"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae, q. 148 a. 1 ad 2');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
143 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#44897"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae, q. 148 a. 1 ad 3');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
144 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#44898"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae, q. 148 a. 2 arg. 1');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
145 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#44899"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae, q. 148 a. 2 arg. 2');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
146 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#44900"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae, q. 148 a. 2 arg. 3');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
147 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#44901"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae, q. 148 a. 2 s. c.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
148 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#44902"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae, q. 148 a. 2 co.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
149 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#44903"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae, q. 148 a. 2 ad 1');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
150 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#44904"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae, q. 148 a. 2 ad 2');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
151 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#44905"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae, q. 148 a. 2 ad 3');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
152 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#44906"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae, q. 148 a. 2 ad 4');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
153 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#44907"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae, q. 148 a. 3 arg. 1');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
154 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#44908"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae, q. 148 a. 3 arg. 2');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
155 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#44909"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae, q. 148 a. 3 arg. 3');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
156 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#44910"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae, q. 148 a. 3 s. c.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
157 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#44911"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae, q. 148 a. 3 co.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
158 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#44912"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae, q. 148 a. 3 ad 1');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
159 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#44913"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae, q. 148 a. 3 ad 2');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
160 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#44914"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae, q. 148 a. 3 ad 3');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
161 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#44915"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae, q. 148 a. 4 arg. 1');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
162 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#44916"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae, q. 148 a. 4 arg. 2');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
163 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#44917"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae, q. 148 a. 4 arg. 3');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
164 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#44918"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae, q. 148 a. 4 s. c.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
165 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#44919"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae, q. 148 a. 4 co.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
166 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#44920"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae, q. 148 a. 4 ad 1');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
167 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#44921"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae, q. 148 a. 4 ad 2');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
168 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#44922"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae, q. 148 a. 4 ad 3');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
169 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#44923"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae, q. 148 a. 5 arg. 1');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
170 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#44924"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae, q. 148 a. 5 arg. 2');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
171 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#44925"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae, q. 148 a. 5 arg. 3');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
172 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#44926"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae, q. 148 a. 5 s. c.');
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parents: 28
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173 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#44927"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae, q. 148 a. 5 co.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
174 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#44928"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae, q. 148 a. 5 ad 1');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
175 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#44929"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae, q. 148 a. 5 ad 2');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
176 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#44930"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae, q. 148 a. 5 ad 3');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
177 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#44931"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae, q. 148 a. 6 arg. 1');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
178 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#44932"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae, q. 148 a. 6 arg. 2');
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parents: 28
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179 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#44933"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae, q. 148 a. 6 arg. 3');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
180 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#44934"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae, q. 148 a. 6 s. c.');
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parents: 28
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181 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#44935"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae, q. 148 a. 6 co.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
182 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#44936"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae, q. 148 a. 6 ad 1');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
183 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#44937"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae, q. 148 a. 6 ad 2');
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parents: 28
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184 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#44938"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae, q. 148 a. 6 ad 3');
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parents: 28
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185 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#44939"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae, q. 149 pr.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
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186 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#44940"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae, q. 149 a. 1 arg. 1');
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parents: 28
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187 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#44941"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae, q. 149 a. 1 arg. 2');
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parents: 28
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188 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#44942"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae, q. 149 a. 1 arg. 3');
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parents: 28
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189 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#44943"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae, q. 149 a. 1 s. c.');
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parents: 28
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190 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#44944"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae, q. 149 a. 1 co.');
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parents: 28
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191 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#44945"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae, q. 149 a. 1 ad 1');
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parents: 28
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192 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#44946"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae, q. 149 a. 1 ad 2');
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parents: 28
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193 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#44947"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae, q. 149 a. 1 ad 3');
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parents: 28
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194 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#44948"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae, q. 149 a. 2 arg. 1');
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parents: 28
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195 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#44949"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae, q. 149 a. 2 arg. 2');
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parents: 28
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196 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#44950"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae, q. 149 a. 2 arg. 3');
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parents: 28
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197 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#44951"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae, q. 149 a. 2 s. c.');
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parents: 28
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198 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#44952"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae, q. 149 a. 2 co.');
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parents: 28
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199 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#44953"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae, q. 149 a. 2 ad 1');
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parents: 28
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200 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#44954"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae, q. 149 a. 2 ad 2');
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parents: 28
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201 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#44955"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae, q. 149 a. 2 ad 3');
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parents: 28
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202 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#44956"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae, q. 149 a. 3 arg. 1');
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parents: 28
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203 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#44957"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae, q. 149 a. 3 arg. 2');
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parents: 28
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204 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#44958"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae, q. 149 a. 3 arg. 3');
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parents: 28
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205 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#44959"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae, q. 149 a. 3 s. c.');
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parents: 28
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206 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#44960"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae, q. 149 a. 3 co.');
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parents: 28
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207 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#44961"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae, q. 149 a. 3 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
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208 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#44962"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae, q. 149 a. 3 ad 2');
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parents: 28
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209 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#44963"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae, q. 149 a. 3 ad 3');
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parents: 28
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210 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#44964"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae, q. 149 a. 4 arg. 1');
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parents: 28
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211 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#44965"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae, q. 149 a. 4 arg. 2');
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parents: 28
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212 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#44966"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae, q. 149 a. 4 arg. 3');
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parents: 28
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213 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#44967"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae, q. 149 a. 4 s. c.');
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parents: 28
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214 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#44968"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae, q. 149 a. 4 co.');
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parents: 28
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215 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#44969"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae, q. 149 a. 4 ad');
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parents: 28
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216 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#44970"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae, q. 150 pr.');
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parents: 28
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217 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#44971"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae, q. 150 a. 1 arg. 1');
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parents: 28
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218 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#44972"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae, q. 150 a. 1 arg. 2');
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parents: 28
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219 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#44973"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae, q. 150 a. 1 arg. 3');
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parents: 28
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220 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#44974"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae, q. 150 a. 1 arg. 4');
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parents: 28
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221 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#44975"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae, q. 150 a. 1 s. c.');
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parents: 28
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222 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#44976"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae, q. 150 a. 1 co.');
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parents: 28
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223 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#44977"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae, q. 150 a. 1 ad 1');
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parents: 28
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224 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#44978"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae, q. 150 a. 1 ad 2');
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parents: 28
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225 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#44979"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae, q. 150 a. 1 ad 3');
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parents: 28
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226 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#44980"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae, q. 150 a. 1 ad 4');
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parents: 28
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227 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#44981"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae, q. 150 a. 2 arg. 1');
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parents: 28
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228 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#44982"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae, q. 150 a. 2 arg. 2');
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parents: 28
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229 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#44983"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae, q. 150 a. 2 arg. 3');
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parents: 28
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230 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#44984"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae, q. 150 a. 2 s. c.');
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parents: 28
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231 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#44985"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae, q. 150 a. 2 co.');
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parents: 28
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232 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#44986"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae, q. 150 a. 2 ad 1');
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parents: 28
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233 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#44987"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae, q. 150 a. 2 ad 2');
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parents: 28
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234 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#44988"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae, q. 150 a. 2 ad 3');
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parents: 28
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235 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#44989"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae, q. 150 a. 3 arg. 1');
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parents: 28
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236 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#44990"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae, q. 150 a. 3 arg. 2');
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parents: 28
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237 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#44991"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae, q. 150 a. 3 arg. 3');
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parents: 28
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238 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#44992"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae, q. 150 a. 3 s. c.');
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parents: 28
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239 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#44993"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae, q. 150 a. 3 co.');
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parents: 28
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240 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#44994"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae, q. 150 a. 3 ad 1');
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parents: 28
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241 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#44995"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae, q. 150 a. 3 ad 2');
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parents: 28
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242 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#44996"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae, q. 150 a. 3 ad 3');
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parents: 28
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243 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#44997"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae, q. 150 a. 4 arg. 1');
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parents: 28
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244 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#44998"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae, q. 150 a. 4 arg. 2');
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parents: 28
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245 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#44999"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae, q. 150 a. 4 arg. 3');
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parents: 28
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246 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#45000"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae, q. 150 a. 4 s. c.');
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parents: 28
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247 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#45001"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae, q. 150 a. 4 co.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
248 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#45002"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae, q. 150 a. 4 ad 1');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
249 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#45003"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae, q. 150 a. 4 ad 2');
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parents: 28
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250 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#45004"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae, q. 150 a. 4 ad 3');
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parents: 28
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251 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#45005"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae, q. 151 pr.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
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252 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#45006"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae, q. 151 a. 1 arg. 1');
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253 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#45007"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae, q. 151 a. 1 arg. 2');
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254 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#45008"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae, q. 151 a. 1 arg. 3');
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255 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#45009"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae, q. 151 a. 1 arg. 4');
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256 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#45010"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae, q. 151 a. 1 s. c.');
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257 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#45011"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae, q. 151 a. 1 co.');
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258 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#45012"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae, q. 151 a. 1 ad 1');
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259 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#45013"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae, q. 151 a. 1 ad 2');
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260 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#45014"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae, q. 151 a. 1 ad 3');
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261 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#45015"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae, q. 151 a. 1 ad 4');
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parents: 28
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262 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#45016"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae, q. 151 a. 2 arg. 1');
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263 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#45017"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae, q. 151 a. 2 arg. 2');
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parents: 28
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264 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#45018"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae, q. 151 a. 2 arg. 3');
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parents: 28
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265 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#45019"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae, q. 151 a. 2 s. c.');
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266 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#45020"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae, q. 151 a. 2 co.');
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267 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#45021"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae, q. 151 a. 2 ad 1');
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268 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#45022"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae, q. 151 a. 2 ad 2');
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269 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#45023"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae, q. 151 a. 2 ad 3');
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270 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#45024"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae, q. 151 a. 3 arg. 1');
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271 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#45025"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae, q. 151 a. 3 arg. 2');
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272 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#45026"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae, q. 151 a. 3 arg. 3');
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parents: 28
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273 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#45027"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae, q. 151 a. 3 s. c.');
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parents: 28
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274 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#45028"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae, q. 151 a. 3 co.');
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275 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#45029"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae, q. 151 a. 3 ad 1');
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276 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#45030"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae, q. 151 a. 3 ad 2');
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277 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#45031"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae, q. 151 a. 3 ad 3');
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278 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#45032"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae, q. 151 a. 4 arg. 1');
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parents: 28
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279 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#45033"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae, q. 151 a. 4 arg. 2');
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280 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#45034"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae, q. 151 a. 4 arg. 3');
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parents: 28
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281 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#45035"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae, q. 151 a. 4 s. c.');
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parents: 28
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282 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#45036"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae, q. 151 a. 4 co.');
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parents: 28
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283 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#45037"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae, q. 151 a. 4 ad 1');
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parents: 28
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284 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#45038"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae, q. 151 a. 4 ad 2');
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parents: 28
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285 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#45039"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae, q. 151 a. 4 ad 3');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
286 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#45040"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae, q. 152 pr.');
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287 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#45041"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae, q. 152 a. 1 arg. 1');
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parents: 28
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288 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#45042"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae, q. 152 a. 1 arg. 2');
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parents: 28
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289 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#45043"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae, q. 152 a. 1 arg. 3');
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parents: 28
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290 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#45044"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae, q. 152 a. 1 arg. 4');
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parents: 28
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291 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#45045"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae, q. 152 a. 1 s. c.');
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parents: 28
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292 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#45046"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae, q. 152 a. 1 co.');
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parents: 28
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293 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#45047"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae, q. 152 a. 1 ad 1');
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parents: 28
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294 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#45048"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae, q. 152 a. 1 ad 2');
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parents: 28
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295 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#45049"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae, q. 152 a. 1 ad 3');
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parents: 28
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296 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#45050"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae, q. 152 a. 1 ad 4');
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parents: 28
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297 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#45051"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae, q. 152 a. 2 arg. 1');
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parents: 28
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298 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#45052"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae, q. 152 a. 2 arg. 2');
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parents: 28
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299 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#45053"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae, q. 152 a. 2 arg. 3');
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parents: 28
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300 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#45054"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae, q. 152 a. 2 s. c.');
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parents: 28
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301 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#45055"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae, q. 152 a. 2 co.');
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parents: 28
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302 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#45056"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae, q. 152 a. 2 ad 1');
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parents: 28
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303 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#45057"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae, q. 152 a. 2 ad 2');
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parents: 28
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304 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#45058"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae, q. 152 a. 2 ad 3');
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parents: 28
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305 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#45059"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae, q. 152 a. 3 arg. 1');
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parents: 28
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306 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#45060"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae, q. 152 a. 3 arg. 2');
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parents: 28
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307 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#45061"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae, q. 152 a. 3 arg. 3');
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parents: 28
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308 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#45062"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae, q. 152 a. 3 arg. 4');
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parents: 28
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309 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#45063"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae, q. 152 a. 3 arg. 5');
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parents: 28
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310 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#45064"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae, q. 152 a. 3 s. c.');
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parents: 28
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311 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#45065"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae, q. 152 a. 3 co.');
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parents: 28
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312 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#45066"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae, q. 152 a. 3 ad 1');
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parents: 28
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313 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#45067"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae, q. 152 a. 3 ad 2');
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parents: 28
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314 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#45068"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae, q. 152 a. 3 ad 3');
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parents: 28
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315 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#45069"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae, q. 152 a. 3 ad 4');
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parents: 28
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316 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#45070"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae, q. 152 a. 3 ad 5');
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parents: 28
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317 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#45071"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae, q. 152 a. 4 arg. 1');
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parents: 28
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318 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#45072"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae, q. 152 a. 4 arg. 2');
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parents: 28
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319 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#45073"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae, q. 152 a. 4 arg. 3');
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parents: 28
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320 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#45074"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae, q. 152 a. 4 s. c.');
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parents: 28
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321 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#45075"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae, q. 152 a. 4 co.');
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parents: 28
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322 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#45076"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae, q. 152 a. 4 ad 1');
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parents: 28
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323 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#45077"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae, q. 152 a. 4 ad 2');
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parents: 28
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324 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#45078"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae, q. 152 a. 4 ad 3');
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parents: 28
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325 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#45079"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae, q. 152 a. 5 arg. 1');
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parents: 28
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326 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#45080"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae, q. 152 a. 5 arg. 2');
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parents: 28
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327 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#45081"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae, q. 152 a. 5 arg. 3');
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parents: 28
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328 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#45082"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae, q. 152 a. 5 s. c.');
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parents: 28
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329 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#45083"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae, q. 152 a. 5 co.');
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parents: 28
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330 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#45084"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae, q. 152 a. 5 ad 1');
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parents: 28
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331 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#45085"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae, q. 152 a. 5 ad 2');
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332 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#45086"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae, q. 152 a. 5 ad 3');
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parents: 28
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333 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#45087"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae, q. 153 pr.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
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334 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#45088"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae, q. 153 a. 1 arg. 1');
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parents: 28
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335 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#45089"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae, q. 153 a. 1 arg. 2');
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parents: 28
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336 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#45090"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae, q. 153 a. 1 arg. 3');
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parents: 28
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337 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#45091"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae, q. 153 a. 1 s. c.');
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parents: 28
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338 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#45092"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae, q. 153 a. 1 co.');
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parents: 28
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339 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#45093"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae, q. 153 a. 1 ad 1');
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340 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#45094"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae, q. 153 a. 1 ad 2');
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parents: 28
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341 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#45095"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae, q. 153 a. 1 ad 3');
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parents: 28
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342 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#45096"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae, q. 153 a. 2 arg. 1');
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parents: 28
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343 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#45097"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae, q. 153 a. 2 arg. 2');
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parents: 28
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344 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#45098"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae, q. 153 a. 2 arg. 3');
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parents: 28
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345 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#45099"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae, q. 153 a. 2 s. c.');
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parents: 28
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346 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#45100"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae, q. 153 a. 2 co.');
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parents: 28
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347 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#45101"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae, q. 153 a. 2 ad 1');
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348 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#45102"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae, q. 153 a. 2 ad 2');
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parents: 28
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349 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#45103"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae, q. 153 a. 2 ad 3');
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parents: 28
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350 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#45104"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae, q. 153 a. 3 arg. 1');
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parents: 28
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351 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#45105"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae, q. 153 a. 3 arg. 2');
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parents: 28
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parents: 28
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353 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#45107"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae, q. 153 a. 3 s. c. 1');
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parents: 28
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354 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#45108"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae, q. 153 a. 3 s. c. 2');
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parents: 28
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355 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#45109"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae, q. 153 a. 3 co.');
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parents: 28
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parents: 28
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parents: 28
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parents: 28
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359 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#45113"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae, q. 153 a. 4 arg. 1');
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parents: 28
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360 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#45114"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae, q. 153 a. 4 arg. 2');
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parents: 28
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361 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#45115"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae, q. 153 a. 4 arg. 3');
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parents: 28
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362 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#45116"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae, q. 153 a. 4 s. c.');
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parents: 28
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363 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#45117"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae, q. 153 a. 4 co.');
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parents: 28
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364 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#45118"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae, q. 153 a. 4 ad 1');
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parents: 28
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parents: 28
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parents: 28
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367 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#45121"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae, q. 153 a. 5 arg. 1');
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parents: 28
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parents: 28
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parents: 28
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parents: 28
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371 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#45125"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae, q. 153 a. 5 s. c.');
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parents: 28
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372 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#45126"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae, q. 153 a. 5 co.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
373 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#45127"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae, q. 153 a. 5 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
374 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#45128"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae, q. 153 a. 5 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
375 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#45129"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae, q. 153 a. 5 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
376 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#45130"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae, q. 153 a. 5 ad 4');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
377 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#45131"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae, q. 154 pr.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
378 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#45132"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae, q. 154 a. 1 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
379 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#45133"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae, q. 154 a. 1 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
380 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#45134"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae, q. 154 a. 1 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
381 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#45135"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae, q. 154 a. 1 arg. 4');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
382 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#45136"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae, q. 154 a. 1 arg. 5');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
383 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#45137"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae, q. 154 a. 1 arg. 6');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
384 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#45138"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae, q. 154 a. 1 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
385 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#45139"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae, q. 154 a. 1 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
386 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#45140"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae, q. 154 a. 1 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
387 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#45141"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae, q. 154 a. 1 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
388 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#45142"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae, q. 154 a. 1 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
389 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#45143"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae, q. 154 a. 1 ad 4');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
390 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#45144"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae, q. 154 a. 1 ad 5');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
391 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#45145"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae, q. 154 a. 1 ad 6');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
392 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#45146"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae, q. 154 a. 2 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
393 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#45147"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae, q. 154 a. 2 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
394 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#45148"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae, q. 154 a. 2 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
395 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#45149"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae, q. 154 a. 2 arg. 4');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
396 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#45150"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae, q. 154 a. 2 arg. 5');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
397 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#45151"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae, q. 154 a. 2 arg. 6');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
398 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#45152"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae, q. 154 a. 2 s. c. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
399 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#45153"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae, q. 154 a. 2 s. c. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
400 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#45154"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae, q. 154 a. 2 s. c. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
401 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#45155"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae, q. 154 a. 2 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
402 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#45156"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae, q. 154 a. 2 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
403 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#45157"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae, q. 154 a. 2 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
404 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#45158"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae, q. 154 a. 2 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
405 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#45159"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae, q. 154 a. 2 ad 4');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
406 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#45160"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae, q. 154 a. 2 ad 5');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
407 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#45161"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae, q. 154 a. 2 ad 6');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
408 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#45162"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae, q. 154 a. 3 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
409 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#45163"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae, q. 154 a. 3 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
410 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#45164"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae, q. 154 a. 3 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
411 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#45165"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae, q. 154 a. 3 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
412 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#45166"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae, q. 154 a. 3 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
413 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#45167"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae, q. 154 a. 3 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
414 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#45168"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae, q. 154 a. 3 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
415 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#45169"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae, q. 154 a. 3 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
416 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#45170"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae, q. 154 a. 4 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
417 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#45171"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae, q. 154 a. 4 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
418 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#45172"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae, q. 154 a. 4 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
419 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#45173"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae, q. 154 a. 4 s. c. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
420 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#45174"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae, q. 154 a. 4 s. c. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
421 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#45175"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae, q. 154 a. 4 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
422 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#45176"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae, q. 154 a. 4 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
423 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#45177"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae, q. 154 a. 4 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
424 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#45178"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae, q. 154 a. 4 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
425 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#45179"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae, q. 154 a. 5 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
426 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#45180"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae, q. 154 a. 5 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
427 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#45181"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae, q. 154 a. 5 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
428 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#45182"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae, q. 154 a. 5 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
429 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#45183"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae, q. 154 a. 5 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
430 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#45184"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae, q. 154 a. 5 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
431 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#45185"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae, q. 154 a. 5 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
432 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#45186"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae, q. 154 a. 5 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
433 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#45187"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae, q. 154 a. 6 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
434 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#45188"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae, q. 154 a. 6 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
435 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#45189"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae, q. 154 a. 6 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
436 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#45190"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae, q. 154 a. 6 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
437 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#45191"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae, q. 154 a. 6 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
438 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#45192"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae, q. 154 a. 6 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
439 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#45193"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae, q. 154 a. 6 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
440 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#45194"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae, q. 154 a. 6 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
441 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#45195"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae, q. 154 a. 7 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
442 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#45196"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae, q. 154 a. 7 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
443 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#45197"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae, q. 154 a. 7 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
444 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#45198"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae, q. 154 a. 7 arg. 4');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
445 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#45199"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae, q. 154 a. 7 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
446 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#45200"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae, q. 154 a. 7 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
447 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#45201"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae, q. 154 a. 7 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
448 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#45202"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae, q. 154 a. 7 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
449 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#45203"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae, q. 154 a. 7 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
450 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#45204"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae, q. 154 a. 7 ad 4');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
451 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#45205"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae, q. 154 a. 8 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
452 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#45206"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae, q. 154 a. 8 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
453 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#45207"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae, q. 154 a. 8 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
454 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#45208"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae, q. 154 a. 8 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
455 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#45209"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae, q. 154 a. 8 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
456 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#45210"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae, q. 154 a. 8 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
457 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#45211"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae, q. 154 a. 8 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
458 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#45212"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae, q. 154 a. 8 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
459 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#45213"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae, q. 154 a. 9 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
460 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#45214"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae, q. 154 a. 9 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
461 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#45215"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae, q. 154 a. 9 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
462 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#45216"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae, q. 154 a. 9 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
463 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#45217"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae, q. 154 a. 9 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
464 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#45218"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae, q. 154 a. 9 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
465 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#45219"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae, q. 154 a. 9 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
466 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#45220"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae, q. 154 a. 9 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
467 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#45221"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae, q. 154 a. 10 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
468 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#45222"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae, q. 154 a. 10 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
469 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#45223"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae, q. 154 a. 10 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
470 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#45224"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae, q. 154 a. 10 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
471 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#45225"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae, q. 154 a. 10 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
472 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#45226"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae, q. 154 a. 10 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
473 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#45227"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae, q. 154 a. 10 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
474 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#45228"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae, q. 154 a. 10 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
475 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#45229"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae, q. 154 a. 11 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
476 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#45230"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae, q. 154 a. 11 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
477 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#45231"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae, q. 154 a. 11 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
478 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#45232"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae, q. 154 a. 11 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
479 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#45233"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae, q. 154 a. 11 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
480 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#45234"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae, q. 154 a. 11 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
481 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#45235"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae, q. 154 a. 11 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
482 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#45236"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae, q. 154 a. 11 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
483 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#45237"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae, q. 154 a. 12 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
484 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#45238"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae, q. 154 a. 12 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
485 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#45239"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae, q. 154 a. 12 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
486 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#45240"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae, q. 154 a. 12 arg. 4');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
487 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#45241"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae, q. 154 a. 12 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
488 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#45242"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae, q. 154 a. 12 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
489 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#45243"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae, q. 154 a. 12 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
490 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#45244"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae, q. 154 a. 12 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
491 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#45245"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae, q. 154 a. 12 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
492 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#45246"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae, q. 154 a. 12 ad 4');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
493 document.write('&lt;\/SELECT&gt;');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
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494 document.write('&lt;BR&gt;&lt;BR&gt;');
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495 document.write('&lt;INPUT TYPE="button" VALUE="Agedum" ONCLICK="go()"&gt;');
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496 document.write('&lt;\/FORM&gt;');
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497 // --&gt;
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498 //
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499 </script><br/>
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500 <hr/>
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501 <br/></div><div id="q146" class="q"><h2>Quaestio 146</h2><div class="p"><h3>Prooemium</h3><p title="II-II q. 146 pr."><a name="44802"><span class="ref">[44802] IIª-IIae, q. 146 pr.</span></a> Deinde
28
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502 considerandum est de partibus subiectivis temperantiae. Et primo,
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503 de his quae sunt circa delectationes ciborum; secundo, de his quae
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504 sunt circa delectationes venereorum. Circa primum, considerandum
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505 est de abstinentia, quae est circa cibos et potus; et de
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diff changeset
506 sobrietate, quae est specialiter circa potum. Circa abstinentiam
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507 autem consideranda sunt tria, primo, de ipsa abstinentia; secundo,
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508 de actu eius, qui est ieiunium; tertio, de vitio opposito, quod est
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509 gula. Circa abstinentiam autem quaeruntur duo. Primo, utrum
53
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510 abstinentia sit virtus. Secundo, utrum sit virtus specialis.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 1</h3><p title="II-II q. 146 a. 1 arg. 1"><a name="44803"><span class="ref">[44803] IIª-IIae, q. 146 a. 1 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
28
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511 primum sic proceditur. Videtur quod abstinentia non sit virtus.
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512 Dicit enim apostolus, I ad Cor. IV, <i>non est regnum Dei in
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513 sermone, sed in virtute</i>. In abstinentia autem non consistit
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514 regnum Dei, dicit enim apostolus, Rom. XIV, <i>non est regnum Dei
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515 esca et potus</i>; ubi dicit Glossa <i>nec in abstinendo nec in
53
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516 manducando esse iustitiam</i>. Ergo abstinentia non est virtus.</p><p title="II-II q. 146 a. 1 arg. 2"><a name="44804"><span class="ref">[44804] IIª-IIae, q. 146 a. 1 arg. 2</span></a>
28
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517 Praeterea, Augustinus dicit, in X Confess., <i>ad Deum loquens, hoc
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518 me docuisti, ut quemadmodum medicamenta, sic alimenta sumpturus
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519 accedam</i>. Sed medicamenta moderari non pertinet ad virtutem, sed
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520 ad artem medicinae. Ergo, pari ratione, moderari alimenta, quod
53
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521 pertinet ad abstinentiam, non est actus virtutis, sed artis.</p><p title="II-II q. 146 a. 1 arg. 3"><a name="44805"><span class="ref">[44805] IIª-IIae, q. 146 a. 1 arg. 3</span></a>
28
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522 Praeterea, omnis virtus in medio consistit, ut habetur in II Ethic.
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523 Abstinentia autem non videtur in medio consistere, sed in defectu,
53
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524 cum ex subtractione nominetur. Ergo abstinentia non est virtus.</p><p title="II-II q. 146 a. 1 arg. 4"><a name="44806"><span class="ref">[44806] IIª-IIae, q. 146 a. 1 arg. 4</span></a>
28
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525 Praeterea, nulla virtus excludit aliam. Sed abstinentia excludit
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diff changeset
526 patientiam, dicit enim Gregorius, in pastorali, quod <i>mentes
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diff changeset
527 abstinentium plerumque impatientia excutit a sinu
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diff changeset
528 tranquillitatis</i>. Ibidem etiam dicit quod <i>cogitationes
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529 abstinentium nonnunquam superbiae culpa transfigit</i>, et ita
53
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530 excludit humilitatem. Ergo abstinentia non est virtus.</p><p title="II-II q. 146 a. 1 s. c."><a name="44807"><span class="ref">[44807] IIª-IIae, q. 146 a. 1 s. c.</span></a> Sed
28
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531 contra est quod dicitur II Pet. I, <i>ministrate in fide vestra
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532 virtutem, in virtute autem scientiam, in scientia autem
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533 abstinentiam</i>, ubi abstinentia aliis virtutibus connumeratur.
53
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534 Ergo abstinentia est virtus.</p><p title="II-II q. 146 a. 1 co."><a name="44808"><span class="ref">[44808] IIª-IIae, q. 146 a. 1 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
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535 dicendum quod abstinentia ex suo nomine importat subtractionem
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536 ciborum. Dupliciter ergo nomen abstinentiae accipi potest. Uno
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537 modo, secundum quod absolute ciborum subtractionem designat. Et hoc
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diff changeset
538 modo abstinentia non designat neque virtutem neque actum virtutis,
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539 sed quiddam indifferens. Alio modo potest accipi secundum quod est
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540 ratione regulata. Et tunc significat vel habitum virtutis, vel
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541 actum. Et hoc significatur in praemissa auctoritate Petri, ubi
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542 dicitur in scientia abstinentiam ministrandam, ut scilicet homo a
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543 cibis abstineat prout oportet, <i>pro congruentia hominum cum
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diff changeset
544 quibus vivit et personae suae, et pro valetudinis suae
53
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diff changeset
545 necessitate</i>.</p><p title="II-II q. 146 a. 1 ad 1"><a name="44809"><span class="ref">[44809] IIª-IIae, q. 146 a. 1 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28
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546 ergo dicendum quod et usus ciborum et eorum abstinentia secundum se
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547 considerata, non pertinent ad regnum Dei, dicit enim apostolus, I
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548 ad Cor. VIII, <i>esca nos non commendat Deo. Neque enim, si non
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549 manducaverimus, deficiemus, neque, si manducabimus,
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550 abundabimus</i>, scilicet spiritualiter. Utrumque autem eorum
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551 secundum quod fit rationabiliter ex fide et dilectione Dei,
53
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552 pertinet ad regnum Dei.</p><p title="II-II q. 146 a. 1 ad 2"><a name="44810"><span class="ref">[44810] IIª-IIae, q. 146 a. 1 ad 2</span></a> Ad
28
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553 secundum dicendum quod moderatio ciborum secundum quantitatem et
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diff changeset
554 qualitatem pertinet ad artem medicinae in comparatione ad
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555 valetudinem corporis, sed secundum interiores affectiones, in
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diff changeset
556 comparatione ad bonum rationis, pertinet ad abstinentiam. Unde
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diff changeset
557 Augustinus dicit, in libro de quaest. Evang., non interest omnino,
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558 scilicet ad virtutem, <i>quid alimentorum vel quantum quis
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diff changeset
559 accipiat, dummodo id faciat pro congruentia hominum cum quibus
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560 vivit et personae suae, et pro valetudinis suae necessitate, sed
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561 quanta facilitate et serenitate animi his valeat, cum oportet vel
53
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562 necesse est, carere</i>.</p><p title="II-II q. 146 a. 1 ad 3"><a name="44811"><span class="ref">[44811] IIª-IIae, q. 146 a. 1 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
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563 dicendum quod ad temperantiam pertinet refrenare delectationes quae
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564 nimis animum ad se alliciunt, sicut ad fortitudinem pertinet
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565 firmare animum contra timores a bono rationis repellentes. Et ideo
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566 sicut laus fortitudinis consistit in quodam excessu, et ex hoc
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567 denominantur omnes partes fortitudinis; ita etiam laus temperantiae
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diff changeset
568 consistit in quodam defectu, et ex hoc ipsa et omnes partes eius
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diff changeset
569 denominantur. Unde et abstinentia, quia pars est temperantiae,
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570 denominatur a defectu. Et tamen consistit in medio, inquantum est
53
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571 secundum rationem rectam.</p><p title="II-II q. 146 a. 1 ad 4"><a name="44812"><span class="ref">[44812] IIª-IIae, q. 146 a. 1 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
28
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572 dicendum quod illa vitia proveniunt ex abstinentia prout non est
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573 secundum rationem rectam. Ratio enim recta facit abstinere sicut
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574 oportet, scilicet cum hilaritate mentis; et propter quod oportet,
53
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575 scilicet propter gloriam Dei, non propter gloriam suam.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 2</h3><p title="II-II q. 146 a. 2 arg. 1"><a name="44813"><span class="ref">[44813] IIª-IIae, q. 146 a. 2 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
28
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576 secundum sic proceditur. Videtur quod abstinentia non sit specialis
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diff changeset
577 virtus. Omnis enim virtus secundum seipsam est laudabilis. Sed
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diff changeset
578 abstinentia non est secundum se laudabilis, dicit enim Gregorius,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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diff changeset
579 in pastorali, quod <i>virtus abstinentiae non nisi ex aliis
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580 virtutibus commendatur</i>. Ergo abstinentia non est specialis
53
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581 virtus.</p><p title="II-II q. 146 a. 2 arg. 2"><a name="44814"><span class="ref">[44814] IIª-IIae, q. 146 a. 2 arg. 2</span></a>
28
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582 Praeterea, Augustinus dicit, de fide ad Petrum, quod abstinentia
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583 sanctorum est a cibo et potu, non quia aliqua creatura Dei sit
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584 mala, sed pro sola corporis castigatione. Hoc autem pertinet ad
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585 castitatem, ut ex ipso nomine apparet. Ergo abstinentia non est
53
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586 virtus specialis a castitate distincta.</p><p title="II-II q. 146 a. 2 arg. 3"><a name="44815"><span class="ref">[44815] IIª-IIae, q. 146 a. 2 arg. 3</span></a>
28
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587 Praeterea, sicut homo debet esse contentus moderato cibo, ita et
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diff changeset
588 moderata veste, secundum illud I ad Tim. ult., <i>habentes alimenta
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589 et quibus tegamur, his contenti simus</i>. In moderatione autem
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590 vestium non est aliqua specialis virtus. Ergo neque abstinentia,
53
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591 quae est moderativa alimentorum.</p><p title="II-II q. 146 a. 2 s. c."><a name="44816"><span class="ref">[44816] IIª-IIae, q. 146 a. 2 s. c.</span></a> Sed
28
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diff changeset
592 contra est quod Macrobius ponit abstinentiam specialem partem
53
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593 temperantiae.</p><p title="II-II q. 146 a. 2 co."><a name="44817"><span class="ref">[44817] IIª-IIae, q. 146 a. 2 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
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594 dicendum quod, sicut supra dictum est, virtus moralis conservat
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595 bonum rationis contra impetus passionum, et ideo ubi invenitur
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596 specialis ratio qua passio abstrahat a bono rationis, ibi necesse
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597 est esse specialem virtutem. Delectationes autem ciborum natae sunt
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diff changeset
598 abstrahere hominem a bono rationis, tum propter earum magnitudinem;
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599 tum etiam propter necessitatem ciborum, quibus homo indiget ad
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600 vitae conservationem, quam maxime homo desiderat. Et ideo
53
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601 abstinentia est specialis virtus.</p><p title="II-II q. 146 a. 2 ad 1"><a name="44818"><span class="ref">[44818] IIª-IIae, q. 146 a. 2 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28
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602 ergo dicendum quod virtutes oportet esse connexas, ut supra dictum
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603 est. Et ideo una virtus adiuvatur et commendatur ex alia, sicut
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604 iustitia a fortitudine. Et per hunc etiam modum virtus abstinentiae
53
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605 commendatur ex aliis virtutibus.</p><p title="II-II q. 146 a. 2 ad 2"><a name="44819"><span class="ref">[44819] IIª-IIae, q. 146 a. 2 ad 2</span></a> Ad
28
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diff changeset
606 secundum dicendum quod per abstinentiam corpus castigatur non solum
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diff changeset
607 contra illecebram luxuriae, sed etiam contra illecebras gulae, quia
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608 dum homo abstinet, magis redditur fortis ad impugnationes gulae
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diff changeset
609 vincendas, quae tanto fortiores sunt quanto homo eis magis cedit.
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610 Et tamen non prohibetur abstinentiam esse specialem virtutem per
53
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611 hoc quod ad castitatem valet, quia una virtus ad aliam iuvat.</p><p title="II-II q. 146 a. 2 ad 3"><a name="44820"><span class="ref">[44820] IIª-IIae, q. 146 a. 2 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
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612 dicendum quod usus vestimentorum est introductus ab arte, usus
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613 autem ciborum a natura. Et ideo magis debet esse virtus specialis
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diff changeset
614 circa moderationem ciborum quam circa moderationem
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615 vestimentorum.</p></div></div><div id="q147" class="q"><h2>Quaestio 147</h2><div class="p"><h3>Prooemium</h3><p title="II-II q. 147 pr."><a name="44821"><span class="ref">[44821] IIª-IIae, q. 147 pr.</span></a> Deinde
28
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616 considerandum est de ieiunio. Et circa hoc quaeruntur octo. Primo,
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diff changeset
617 utrum ieiunium sit actus virtutis. Secundo, cuius virtutis sit
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diff changeset
618 actus. Tertio, utrum cadat sub praecepto. Quarto, utrum aliqui
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diff changeset
619 excusentur ab observatione huius praecepti. Quinto, de tempore
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diff changeset
620 ieiunii. Sexto, utrum semel comedere requiratur ad ieiunium.
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diff changeset
621 Septimo, de hora comestionis ieiunantium. Octavo, de cibis a quibus
53
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622 debent abstinere.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 1</h3><p title="II-II q. 147 a. 1 arg. 1"><a name="44822"><span class="ref">[44822] IIª-IIae, q. 147 a. 1 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
28
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diff changeset
623 primum sic proceditur. Videtur quod ieiunium non sit actus
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diff changeset
624 virtutis. Omnis enim virtutis actus est Deo acceptus. Sed ieiunium
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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diff changeset
625 non semper est Deo acceptum, secundum illud Isaiae LVIII, <i>quare
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626 ieiunavimus, et non aspexisti?</i> Ergo ieiunium non est actus
53
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diff changeset
627 virtutis.</p><p title="II-II q. 147 a. 1 arg. 2"><a name="44823"><span class="ref">[44823] IIª-IIae, q. 147 a. 1 arg. 2</span></a>
28
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628 Praeterea, nullus actus virtutis recedit a medio virtutis. Sed
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diff changeset
629 ieiunium recedit a medio virtutis, quod quidem in virtute
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diff changeset
630 abstinentiae accipitur secundum hoc, ut subveniatur necessitati
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diff changeset
631 naturae, cui per ieiunium aliquid subtrahitur; alioquin non
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diff changeset
632 ieiunantes non haberent virtutem abstinentiae. Ergo ieiunium non
53
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diff changeset
633 est actus virtutis.</p><p title="II-II q. 147 a. 1 arg. 3"><a name="44824"><span class="ref">[44824] IIª-IIae, q. 147 a. 1 arg. 3</span></a>
28
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634 Praeterea, illud quod communiter omnibus convenit, et bonis et
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diff changeset
635 malis, non est actus virtutis. Sed ieiunium est huiusmodi, quilibet
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diff changeset
636 enim, antequam comedat, ieiunus est. Ergo ieiunium non est actus
53
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637 virtutis.</p><p title="II-II q. 147 a. 1 s. c."><a name="44825"><span class="ref">[44825] IIª-IIae, q. 147 a. 1 s. c.</span></a> Sed
28
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diff changeset
638 contra est quod connumeratur aliis virtutum actibus, II ad Cor. VI,
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diff changeset
639 ubi apostolus dicit, <i>in ieiuniis, in scientia, in castitate,</i>
53
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diff changeset
640 et cetera.</p><p title="II-II q. 147 a. 1 co."><a name="44826"><span class="ref">[44826] IIª-IIae, q. 147 a. 1 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
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diff changeset
641 dicendum quod ex hoc aliquis actus est virtuosus, quod per rationem
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parents: 26
diff changeset
642 ordinatur ad aliquod bonum honestum. Hoc autem convenit ieiunio.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
643 Assumitur enim ieiunium principaliter ad tria. Primo quidem, ad
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parents: 26
diff changeset
644 concupiscentias carnis comprimendas. Unde apostolus dicit, in
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parents: 26
diff changeset
645 auctoritate inducta, in ieiuniis, in castitate, quia per ieiunia
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diff changeset
646 castitas conservatur. Ut enim Hieronymus dicit, <i>sine Cerere et
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parents: 26
diff changeset
647 Baccho friget Venus</i>, idest, per abstinentiam cibi et potus
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parents: 26
diff changeset
648 tepescit luxuria. Secundo, assumitur ad hoc quod mens liberius
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parents: 26
diff changeset
649 elevetur ad sublimia contemplanda. Unde dicitur Dan. X, quod post
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parents: 26
diff changeset
650 ieiunium trium hebdomadarum, revelationem accepit a Deo. Tertio, ad
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parents: 26
diff changeset
651 satisfaciendum pro peccatis. Unde dicitur Ioel II, <i>convertimini
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parents: 26
diff changeset
652 ad me in toto corde vestro, in ieiunio et fletu et planctu</i>. Et
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parents: 26
diff changeset
653 hoc est quod Augustinus dicit, in quodam sermone de Orat. et
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parents: 26
diff changeset
654 Ieiun., <i>ieiunium purgat mentem, sublevat sensum, carnem spiritui
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parents: 26
diff changeset
655 subiicit, cor facit contritum et humiliatum, concupiscentiae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
656 nebulas dispergit, libidinum ardores extinguit, castitatis vero
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
657 lumen accendit</i>. Unde patet quod ieiunium est actus
53
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diff changeset
658 virtutis.</p><p title="II-II q. 147 a. 1 ad 1"><a name="44827"><span class="ref">[44827] IIª-IIae, q. 147 a. 1 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28
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diff changeset
659 ergo dicendum quod contingit quod aliquis actus qui ex genere suo
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parents: 26
diff changeset
660 est virtuosus, ex aliquibus circumstantiis adiunctis redditur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
661 vitiosus. Unde ibidem dicitur, <i>ecce in diebus ieiunii vestri
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
662 invenitur voluntas vestra</i>; et paulo post subditur, <i>ad lites
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
663 et contentiones ieiunatis, et percutitis pugno impie</i>. Quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
664 exponens Gregorius, in pastorali, dicit, <i>voluntas ad laetitiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
665 pertinet, pugnus ad iram. Incassum ergo per abstinentiam corpus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
666 atteritur, si inordinatis motibus dimissa mens vitiis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
667 dissipatur</i>. Et Augustinus, in praedicto sermone, dicit quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
668 <i>ieiunium verbositatem non amat, divitias superfluitatem iudicat,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
669 superbiam spernit, humilitatem commendat, praestat homini seipsum
53
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parents: 28
diff changeset
670 intelligere, quod est infirmum et fragile</i>.</p><p title="II-II q. 147 a. 1 ad 2"><a name="44828"><span class="ref">[44828] IIª-IIae, q. 147 a. 1 ad 2</span></a> Ad
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
671 secundum dicendum quod medium virtutis non accipitur secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
672 quantitatem, sed secundum rationem rectam, ut dicitur in II Ethic.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
673 Ratio autem iudicat quod propter aliquam specialem causam aliquis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
674 homo minus sumat de cibo quam sibi competeret secundum statum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
675 communem, sicut propter infirmitatem vitandam, aut aliqua opera
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
676 corporalia expeditius agenda. Et multo magis ratio recta hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
677 ordinat ad spiritualia mala vitanda et bona prosequenda. Non tamen
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
678 ratio recta tantum de cibo subtrahit ut natura conservari non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
679 possit, quia, ut Hieronymus dicit, <i>non differt utrum magno vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
680 parvo tempore te interimas; et quod de rapina holocaustum offert
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
681 qui vel ciborum nimia egestate, vel manducandi vel somni penuria,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
682 immoderate corpus affligit</i>. Similiter etiam ratio recta non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
683 tantum de cibo subtrahit ut homo reddatur impotens ad debita opera
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
684 peragenda, unde dicit Hieronymus quod <i>rationalis homo dignitatem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
685 amittit qui ieiunium caritati, vel vigilias sensus integritati
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
686 praefert</i>.</p><p title="II-II q. 147 a. 1 ad 3"><a name="44829"><span class="ref">[44829] IIª-IIae, q. 147 a. 1 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
687 dicendum quod ieiunium naturae, quo quis dicitur ieiunus antequam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
688 comedat, consistit in pura negatione. Unde non potest poni actus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
689 virtutis, sed solum illud ieiunium quo quis, ex rationabili
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
690 proposito, a cibis aliqualiter abstinet. Unde primum dicitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
691 ieiunium ieiuni, secundum vero ieiunium ieiunantis, quasi ex
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
692 proposito aliquid agentis.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 2</h3><p title="II-II q. 147 a. 2 arg. 1"><a name="44830"><span class="ref">[44830] IIª-IIae, q. 147 a. 2 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
693 secundum sic proceditur. Videtur quod ieiunium non sit actus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
694 abstinentiae. Quia super illud Matth. XVII, <i>hoc genus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
695 Daemoniorum</i> etc., dicit Hieronymus, <i>ieiunium est non solum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
696 ab escis, sed a cunctis illecebris abstinere</i>. Sed hoc pertinet
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
697 ad omnem virtutem. Ergo ieiunium non est actus specialiter
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
698 abstinentiae.</p><p title="II-II q. 147 a. 2 arg. 2"><a name="44831"><span class="ref">[44831] IIª-IIae, q. 147 a. 2 arg. 2</span></a>
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
699 Praeterea, Gregorius dicit, in homilia Quadragesimae, quod ieiunium
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
700 quadragesimale est decima totius anni. Sed dare decimas est actus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
701 religionis, ut supra habitum est. Ergo ieiunium est actus
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
702 religionis, et non abstinentiae.</p><p title="II-II q. 147 a. 2 arg. 3"><a name="44832"><span class="ref">[44832] IIª-IIae, q. 147 a. 2 arg. 3</span></a>
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
703 Praeterea, abstinentia est pars temperantiae, ut dictum est.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
704 Temperantia autem contra fortitudinem dividitur, ad quam pertinet
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
705 molestias sustinere, quod maxime videtur esse in ieiunio. Ergo
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
706 ieiunium non est actus abstinentiae.</p><p title="II-II q. 147 a. 2 s. c."><a name="44833"><span class="ref">[44833] IIª-IIae, q. 147 a. 2 s. c.</span></a> Sed
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
707 contra est quod Isidorus dicit quod <i>ieiunium est parsimonia
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
708 victus, abstinentiaque ciborum</i>.</p><p title="II-II q. 147 a. 2 co."><a name="44834"><span class="ref">[44834] IIª-IIae, q. 147 a. 2 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
709 dicendum quod eadem est materia habitus et actus. Unde omnis actus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
710 virtuosus qui est circa aliquam materiam, ad illam virtutem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
711 pertinet quae medium in illa materia constituit. Ieiunium autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
712 attenditur in cibis, in quibus medium adinvenit abstinentia. Unde
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
713 manifestum est quod ieiunium est abstinentiae actus.</p><p title="II-II q. 147 a. 2 ad 1"><a name="44835"><span class="ref">[44835] IIª-IIae, q. 147 a. 2 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
714 ergo dicendum quod ieiunium proprie dictum consistit in abstinendo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
715 a cibis. Sed metaphorice dictum consistit in abstinendo a
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
716 quibuslibet nocivis, quae maxime sunt peccata. Vel potest dici quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
717 etiam ieiunium proprie dictum est abstinentia ab omnibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
718 illecebris, quia per quaelibet vitia adiuncta desinit esse actus
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
719 virtuosus, ut dictum est.</p><p title="II-II q. 147 a. 2 ad 2"><a name="44836"><span class="ref">[44836] IIª-IIae, q. 147 a. 2 ad 2</span></a> Ad
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
720 secundum dicendum quod nihil prohibet actum unius virtutis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
721 pertinere ad aliam virtutem, secundum quod ad eius finem ordinatur,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
722 ut ex supra dictis patet. Et secundum hoc, nihil prohibet ieiunium
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
723 pertinere ad religionem vel ad castitatem, vel ad quamcumque aliam
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
724 virtutem.</p><p title="II-II q. 147 a. 2 ad 3"><a name="44837"><span class="ref">[44837] IIª-IIae, q. 147 a. 2 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
725 dicendum quod ad fortitudinem, secundum quod est specialis virtus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
726 non pertinet perferre quascumque molestias, sed solum illas quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
727 sunt circa pericula mortis. Sufferre autem molestias quae sunt ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
728 defectu delectabilium tactus, pertinet ad temperantiam et ad partes
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
729 eius. Et tales sunt molestiae ieiunii.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 3</h3><p title="II-II q. 147 a. 3 arg. 1"><a name="44838"><span class="ref">[44838] IIª-IIae, q. 147 a. 3 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
730 tertium sic proceditur. Videtur quod ieiunium non sit in praecepto.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
731 Praecepta enim non dantur de operibus supererogationum, quae cadunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
732 sub consilio. Sed ieiunium est opus supererogationis, alioquin,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
733 ubique et semper aequaliter esse observandum. Ergo ieiunium non
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
734 cadit sub praecepto.</p><p title="II-II q. 147 a. 3 arg. 2"><a name="44839"><span class="ref">[44839] IIª-IIae, q. 147 a. 3 arg. 2</span></a>
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
735 Praeterea, quicumque transgreditur praeceptum peccat mortaliter. Si
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
736 ergo ieiunium esset in praecepto, omnes non ieiunantes mortaliter
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
737 peccarent. Per quod videretur magnus laqueus hominibus esse
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
738 iniectus.</p><p title="II-II q. 147 a. 3 arg. 3"><a name="44840"><span class="ref">[44840] IIª-IIae, q. 147 a. 3 arg. 3</span></a>
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
739 Praeterea, Augustinus dicit, in libro de vera Relig., quod <i>ab
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
740 ipsa Dei sapientia, homine assumpto, a quo in libertatem vocati
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
741 sumus, pauca sacramenta saluberrima constituta sunt, quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
742 societatem Christiani populi, hoc est sub uno Deo liberae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
743 multitudinis, continerent</i>. Sed non minus videtur libertas
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
744 populi Christiani impediri per multitudinem observantiarum quam per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
745 multitudinem sacramentorum, dicit enim Augustinus, in libro ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
746 inquisitiones Ianuarii, quod <i>quidam ipsam religionem nostram,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
747 quam manifestissimis et paucissimis celebrationum sacramentis Dei
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
748 misericordia voluit esse liberam, servilibus premunt oneribus</i>.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
749 Ergo videtur quod non debuit per Ecclesiam ieiunium sub praecepto
53
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parents: 28
diff changeset
750 institui.</p><p title="II-II q. 147 a. 3 s. c."><a name="44841"><span class="ref">[44841] IIª-IIae, q. 147 a. 3 s. c.</span></a> Sed
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
751 contra est quod Hieronymus, ad Lucinum, dicit, de ieiuniis loquens,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
752 <i>unaquaeque provincia abundet in suo sensu, et praecepta maiorum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
753 leges apostolicas arbitretur</i>. Ergo ieiunium est in
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
754 praecepto.</p><p title="II-II q. 147 a. 3 co."><a name="44842"><span class="ref">[44842] IIª-IIae, q. 147 a. 3 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
755 dicendum quod sicut ad saeculares principes pertinet praecepta
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
756 legalia, iuris naturalis determinativa, tradere de his quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
757 pertinent ad utilitatem communem in temporalibus rebus; ita etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
758 ad praelatos ecclesiasticos pertinet ea statutis praecipere quae ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
759 utilitatem communem fidelium pertinent in spiritualibus bonis.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
760 Dictum est autem quod ieiunium utile est et ad deletionem et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
761 cohibitionem culpae, et ad elevationem mentis in spiritualia.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
762 Unusquisque autem ex naturali ratione tenetur tantum ieiuniis uti
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
763 quantum sibi necessarium est ad praedicta. Et ideo ieiunium in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
764 communi cadit sub praecepto legis naturae. Sed determinatio
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
765 temporis et modi ieiunandi secundum convenientiam et utilitatem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
766 populi Christiani, cadit sub praecepto iuris positivi quod est a
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
767 praelatis Ecclesiae institutum. Et hoc est ieiunium Ecclesiae,
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
768 aliud, naturae.</p><p title="II-II q. 147 a. 3 ad 1"><a name="44843"><span class="ref">[44843] IIª-IIae, q. 147 a. 3 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
769 ergo dicendum quod ieiunium, secundum se consideratum, non nominat
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
770 aliquid eligibile, sed quiddam poenale. Redditur autem eligibile
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
771 secundum quod est utile ad finem aliquem. Et ideo, absolute
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
772 consideratum, non est de necessitate praecepti, sed est de
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
773 necessitate praecepti unicuique tali remedio indigenti. Et quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
774 multitudo hominum ut plurimum indiget tali remedio, tum quia in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
775 multis omnes offendimus, ut dicitur Iac. III; tum etiam quia caro
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
776 concupiscit adversus spiritum, ut dicitur Galat. V, conveniens fuit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
777 ut Ecclesia aliqua ieiunia statueret communiter ab omnibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
778 observanda, non quasi praecepto subiiciens id quod simpliciter ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
779 supererogationem pertinet, sed quasi in speciali determinans id
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
780 quod est necessarium in communi.</p><p title="II-II q. 147 a. 3 ad 2"><a name="44844"><span class="ref">[44844] IIª-IIae, q. 147 a. 3 ad 2</span></a> Ad
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
781 secundum dicendum quod praecepta quae per modum communis statuti
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
782 proponuntur, non eodem modo obligant omnes, sed secundum quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
783 requiritur ad finem quem legislator intendit. Cuius auctoritatem si
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
784 aliquis transgrediendo statutum contemnat; vel hoc modo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
785 transgrediatur quod impediatur finis quem intendit, peccat
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
786 mortaliter talis transgressor. Si autem ex aliqua rationabili causa
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
787 quis statutum non servet, praecipue in casu in quo etiam, si
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
788 legislator adesset, non decerneret esse servandum, talis
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diff changeset
789 transgressio non constituit peccatum mortale. Et inde est quod non
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diff changeset
790 omnes qui omnino non servant ieiunia Ecclesiae, mortaliter
53
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791 peccant.</p><p title="II-II q. 147 a. 3 ad 3"><a name="44845"><span class="ref">[44845] IIª-IIae, q. 147 a. 3 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
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792 dicendum quod Augustinus ibi loquitur de his <i>quae neque
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diff changeset
793 sanctarum Scripturarum auctoritatibus continentur, nec in Conciliis
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diff changeset
794 episcoporum statuta inveniuntur, nec consuetudine universalis
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diff changeset
795 Ecclesiae roborata sunt</i>. Ieiunia vero quae sunt in praecepto,
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diff changeset
796 sunt in Conciliis episcoporum statuta, et consuetudine universalis
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parents: 26
diff changeset
797 Ecclesiae roborata. Nec sunt contra libertatem populi fidelis, sed
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diff changeset
798 magis sunt utilia ad impediendum servitutem peccati, quae repugnat
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diff changeset
799 libertati spirituali; de qua dicitur, Galat. V, <i>vos autem,
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diff changeset
800 fratres, in libertatem vocati estis, tantum, ne libertatem detis in
53
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diff changeset
801 occasionem carnis</i>.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 4</h3><p title="II-II q. 147 a. 4 arg. 1"><a name="44846"><span class="ref">[44846] IIª-IIae, q. 147 a. 4 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
28
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802 quartum sic proceditur. Videtur quod omnes ad ieiunia Ecclesiae
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diff changeset
803 teneantur. Praecepta enim Ecclesiae obligant sicut Dei praecepta,
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diff changeset
804 secundum illud Lucae X, <i>qui vos audit, me audit</i>. Sed ad
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805 praecepta Dei servanda omnes tenentur. Ergo similiter omnes
53
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806 tenentur ad servanda ieiunia quae sunt ab Ecclesia instituta.</p><p title="II-II q. 147 a. 4 arg. 2"><a name="44847"><span class="ref">[44847] IIª-IIae, q. 147 a. 4 arg. 2</span></a>
28
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807 Praeterea, maxime videntur excusari pueri a ieiunio, propter
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diff changeset
808 aetatem. Sed pueri non excusantur, dicitur enim Ioel II,
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diff changeset
809 <i>sanctificate ieiunium</i>. Et postea sequitur, <i>congregate
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810 parvulos et sugentes ubera</i>, ergo multo magis omnes alii ad
53
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diff changeset
811 ieiunia tenentur.</p><p title="II-II q. 147 a. 4 arg. 3"><a name="44848"><span class="ref">[44848] IIª-IIae, q. 147 a. 4 arg. 3</span></a>
28
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812 Praeterea, spiritualia sunt temporalibus praeferenda, et necessaria
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diff changeset
813 non necessariis. Sed opera corporalia ordinantur ad lucrum
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814 temporale, peregrinatio etiam, etsi ad spiritualia ordinetur, non
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815 est necessitatis. Cum ergo ieiunium ordinetur ad spiritualem
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diff changeset
816 utilitatem, et necessitatem habeat ex statuto Ecclesiae, videtur
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diff changeset
817 quod non sint ieiunia Ecclesiae praetermittenda propter
53
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818 peregrinationem vel corporalia opera.</p><p title="II-II q. 147 a. 4 arg. 4"><a name="44849"><span class="ref">[44849] IIª-IIae, q. 147 a. 4 arg. 4</span></a>
28
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819 Praeterea, magis est aliquid faciendum ex propria voluntate quam ex
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diff changeset
820 necessitate, ut patet per apostolum, II ad Cor. IX. Sed pauperes
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diff changeset
821 solent ex necessitate ieiunare, propter defectum alimentorum. Ergo
53
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diff changeset
822 multo magis debent ex propria voluntate ieiunare.</p><p title="II-II q. 147 a. 4 s. c."><a name="44850"><span class="ref">[44850] IIª-IIae, q. 147 a. 4 s. c.</span></a> Sed
28
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823 contra, videtur quod nullus iustus teneatur ieiunare. Praecepta
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diff changeset
824 enim Ecclesiae non obligant contra doctrinam Christi. Sed dominus
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diff changeset
825 dixit, Lucae V, quod <i>non possunt filii sponsi ieiunare quandiu
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diff changeset
826 cum ipsis est sponsus</i>. Est autem cum omnibus iustis,
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diff changeset
827 spiritualiter eos inhabitans, unde dominus dicit, Matth. ult.,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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diff changeset
828 <i>ecce, ego vobiscum sum usque ad consummationem saeculi</i>. Ergo
53
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diff changeset
829 iusti ex statuto Ecclesiae non obligantur ad ieiunandum.</p><p title="II-II q. 147 a. 4 co."><a name="44851"><span class="ref">[44851] IIª-IIae, q. 147 a. 4 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
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830 dicendum quod, sicut supra dictum est, statuta communia proponuntur
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diff changeset
831 secundum quod multitudini conveniunt. Et ideo legislator in eis
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diff changeset
832 statuendis attendit id quod communiter et in pluribus accidit. Si
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diff changeset
833 quid autem ex speciali causa in aliquo inveniatur quod observantiae
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diff changeset
834 statuti repugnet, non intendit talem legislator, ad statuti
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diff changeset
835 observantiam obligare. In quo tamen est distinctio adhibenda. Nam
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diff changeset
836 si causa sit evidens, per seipsum licite potest homo statuti
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diff changeset
837 observantiam praeterire, praesertim consuetudine interveniente; vel
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diff changeset
838 si non posset de facili recursus ad superiorem haberi. Si vero
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diff changeset
839 causa sit dubia, debet aliquis ad superiorem recurrere qui habet
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diff changeset
840 potestatem in talibus dispensandi. Et hoc est observandum in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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diff changeset
841 ieiuniis ab Ecclesia institutis, ad quae omnes communiter
53
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842 obligantur, nisi in eis fuerit aliquod speciale impedimentum.</p><p title="II-II q. 147 a. 4 ad 1"><a name="44852"><span class="ref">[44852] IIª-IIae, q. 147 a. 4 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28
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843 ergo dicendum quod praecepta Dei sunt praecepta iuris naturalis,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
844 quae secundum se sunt de necessitate salutis. Sed statuta Ecclesiae
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parents: 26
diff changeset
845 sunt de his quae non per se sunt de necessitate salutis, sed solum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
846 ex institutione Ecclesiae. Et ideo possunt esse aliqua impedimenta
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
847 propter quae aliqui ad observanda ieiunia huiusmodi non
53
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diff changeset
848 tenentur.</p><p title="II-II q. 147 a. 4 ad 2"><a name="44853"><span class="ref">[44853] IIª-IIae, q. 147 a. 4 ad 2</span></a> Ad
28
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diff changeset
849 secundum dicendum quod in pueris est maxime evidens causa non
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diff changeset
850 ieiunandi, tum propter debilitatem naturae, ex qua provenit quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
851 indigent frequenti cibo, et non multo simul assumpto; tum etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
852 quia indigent multo nutrimento propter necessitatem augmenti, quod
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diff changeset
853 fit de residuo alimenti. Et ideo quandiu sunt in statu augmenti,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
854 quod est ut in pluribus usque ad finem tertii septennii, non
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diff changeset
855 tenentur ad ecclesiastica ieiunia observanda. Conveniens tamen est
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parents: 26
diff changeset
856 ut etiam in hoc tempore se ad ieiunandum exerceant, plus vel minus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
857 secundum modum suae aetatis. Quandoque tamen, magna tribulatione
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diff changeset
858 imminente, in signum poenitentiae arctioris, etiam pueris ieiunia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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diff changeset
859 indicuntur, sicut etiam de iumentis legitur Ionae III, <i>homines
53
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860 et iumenta non gustent quidquam, nec aquam bibant</i>.</p><p title="II-II q. 147 a. 4 ad 3"><a name="44854"><span class="ref">[44854] IIª-IIae, q. 147 a. 4 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
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861 dicendum quod circa peregrinos et operarios distinguendum videtur.
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diff changeset
862 Quia si peregrinatio et operis labor commode differri possit aut
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diff changeset
863 diminui, absque detrimento corporalis salutis et exterioris status,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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diff changeset
864 qui requiritur ad conservationem corporalis vel spiritualis vitae,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
865 non sunt propter hoc Ecclesiae ieiunia praetermittenda. Si autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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diff changeset
866 immineat necessitas statim peregrinandi et magnas diaetas faciendi;
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diff changeset
867 vel etiam multum laborandi, vel propter conservationem vitae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
868 corporalis, vel propter aliquid necessarium ad vitam spiritualem;
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
869 et simul cum hoc non possunt Ecclesiae ieiunia observari, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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diff changeset
870 obligatur homo ad ieiunandum; quia non videtur fuisse intentio
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
871 Ecclesiae statuentis ieiunia, ut per hoc impediret alias pias et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
872 magis necessarias causas. Videtur tamen in talibus recurrendum esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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diff changeset
873 ad superioris dispensationem, nisi forte ubi ita est consuetum;
53
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diff changeset
874 quia ex hoc ipso quod praelati dissimulant, videntur annuere.</p><p title="II-II q. 147 a. 4 ad 4"><a name="44855"><span class="ref">[44855] IIª-IIae, q. 147 a. 4 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
28
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diff changeset
875 dicendum quod pauperes qui possunt sufficienter habere quod eis
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parents: 26
diff changeset
876 sufficiat ad unam comestionem, non excusantur propter paupertatem a
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
877 ieiuniis Ecclesiae. A quibus tamen excusari videntur illi qui
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
878 frustatim eleemosynas mendicant, qui non possunt simul habere quod
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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diff changeset
879 eis ad victum sufficiat.</p><p title="II-II q. 147 a. 4 ad 5"><a name="44856"><span class="ref">[44856] IIª-IIae, q. 147 a. 4 ad 5</span></a> Ad quintum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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diff changeset
880 dicendum quod illud verbum domini tripliciter potest exponi. Uno
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diff changeset
881 modo, secundum Chrysostomum, qui dicit quod discipuli, qui filii
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
882 sponsi dicuntur, adhuc imbecillius dispositi erant, unde vestimento
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
883 veteri comparantur, et ideo, in praesentia corporali Christi, erant
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parents: 26
diff changeset
884 magis fovendi in quadam dulcedine quam in austeritate ieiunii
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
885 exercendi. Et secundum hoc, magis convenit ut cum imperfectis et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
886 novitiis in ieiuniis dispensetur quam cum antiquioribus et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
887 perfectis, ut patet in Glossa, super illud Psalmi, <i>sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
888 ablactatus super matre sua</i>. Alio modo potest dici, secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
889 Hieronymum, quod dominus ibi loquitur de ieiunio veterum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
890 observantiarum. Unde per hoc significat dominus quod apostoli non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
891 erant in veteribus observantiis detinendi, quos oportebat gratiae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
892 novitate perfundi. Tertio modo, secundum Augustinum, qui distinguit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
893 duplex ieiunium. Quorum unum pertinet ad humilitatem tribulationis.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
894 Et hoc non competit viris perfectis, qui dicuntur filii sponsi,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
895 unde ubi Lucas dicit, non possunt filii sponsi ieiunare, Matthaeus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
896 dicit, non possunt filii sponsi lugere. Aliud autem est quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
897 pertinet ad gaudium mentis in spiritualia suspensae. Et tale
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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diff changeset
898 ieiunium convenit perfectis.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 5</h3><p title="II-II q. 147 a. 5 arg. 1"><a name="44857"><span class="ref">[44857] IIª-IIae, q. 147 a. 5 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
899 quintum sic proceditur. Videtur quod non determinentur convenienter
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parents: 26
diff changeset
900 tempora ieiunii ecclesiastici. Christus enim legitur, Matth. IV,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
901 statim post Baptismum ieiunium inchoasse. Sed nos Christum imitari
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
902 debemus, secundum illud I ad Cor. IV, <i>imitatores mei estote,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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diff changeset
903 sicut et ego Christi</i>. Ergo et nos debemus ieiunium peragere
53
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diff changeset
904 statim post Epiphaniam, in qua Baptismus Christi celebratur.</p><p title="II-II q. 147 a. 5 arg. 2"><a name="44858"><span class="ref">[44858] IIª-IIae, q. 147 a. 5 arg. 2</span></a>
28
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diff changeset
905 Praeterea, caeremonialia veteris legis non licet in nova lege
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parents: 26
diff changeset
906 observare. Sed ieiunia in quibusdam determinatis mensibus pertinent
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
907 ad solemnitates veteris legis, dicitur enim Zach. VIII, <i>ieiunium
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
908 quarti, et ieiunium quinti, et ieiunium septimi, et ieiunium decimi
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
909 erit domui Iudae in gaudium et laetitiam, et in solemnitates
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
910 praeclaras</i>. Ergo ieiunia specialium mensium, quae dicuntur
53
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diff changeset
911 quatuor temporum, inconvenienter in Ecclesia observantur.</p><p title="II-II q. 147 a. 5 arg. 3"><a name="44859"><span class="ref">[44859] IIª-IIae, q. 147 a. 5 arg. 3</span></a>
28
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diff changeset
912 Praeterea, secundum Augustinum, in libro de consensu Evang., sicut
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diff changeset
913 est ieiunium afflictionis, ita est ieiunium exultationis. Sed
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diff changeset
914 maxime exultatio spiritualis fidelibus imminet ex Christi
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parents: 26
diff changeset
915 resurrectione. Ergo in tempore quinquagesimae, in quo Ecclesia
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parents: 26
diff changeset
916 solemnizat propter dominicam resurrectionem, in diebus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
917 dominicalibus, in quibus memoria resurrectionis agitur, debent
53
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diff changeset
918 aliqua ieiunia indici.</p><p title="II-II q. 147 a. 5 s. c."><a name="44860"><span class="ref">[44860] IIª-IIae, q. 147 a. 5 s. c.</span></a> Sed
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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diff changeset
919 contra est communis Ecclesiae consuetudo.</p><p title="II-II q. 147 a. 5 co."><a name="44861"><span class="ref">[44861] IIª-IIae, q. 147 a. 5 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
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diff changeset
920 dicendum quod, sicut supra dictum est, ieiunium ad duo ordinatur,
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diff changeset
921 scilicet ad deletionem culpae, et ad elevationem mentis in superna.
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diff changeset
922 Et ideo illis temporibus specialiter fuerunt ieiunia indicenda in
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diff changeset
923 quibus oportebat homines a peccato purgari, et mentem fidelium
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parents: 26
diff changeset
924 elevari in Deum per devotionem. Quod quidem praecipue imminet ante
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parents: 26
diff changeset
925 paschalem solemnitatem. In qua et culpae per Baptismum relaxantur,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
926 qui solemniter in vigilia Paschae celebratur, quando recolitur
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diff changeset
927 dominica sepultura, quia per Baptismum consepelimur Christo in
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diff changeset
928 mortem, ut dicitur Rom. VI. In festo etiam Paschae maxime oportet
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diff changeset
929 mentem hominis per devotionem elevari ad aeternitatis gloriam, quam
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diff changeset
930 Christus resurgendo inchoavit. Et ideo immediate ante solemnitatem
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parents: 26
diff changeset
931 paschalem Ecclesia statuit esse ieiunandum, et eadem ratione, in
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diff changeset
932 vigiliis praecipuarum festivitatum, in quibus praeparari nos
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diff changeset
933 oportet ad festa futura devote celebranda. Similiter etiam
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diff changeset
934 consuetudo ecclesiastica habet ut in singulis quartis anni sacri
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diff changeset
935 ordines conferantur (in cuius signum, dominus quatuor millia
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diff changeset
936 hominum de septem panibus satiavit, per quos significatur annus
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parents: 26
diff changeset
937 novi testamenti, ut Hieronymus dicit ibidem), ad quorum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
938 susceptionem oportet per ieiunium praeparari et eos qui ordinant,
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diff changeset
939 et illos qui ordinandi sunt, et etiam totum populum, pro cuius
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diff changeset
940 utilitate ordinantur. Unde et legitur, Lucae VI, quod dominus, ante
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diff changeset
941 discipulorum electionem, exivit in montem orare, quod exponens
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diff changeset
942 Ambrosius, dicit, <i>quid te facere convenit cum vis aliquod
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diff changeset
943 officium pietatis adoriri quando Christus, missurus apostolos,
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diff changeset
944 prius oravit?</i> Ratio autem numeri, quantum ad quadragesimale
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diff changeset
945 ieiunium, est triplex, secundum Gregorium. Prima quidem, <i>quia
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diff changeset
946 virtus Decalogi per libros quatuor sancti Evangelii impletur,
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diff changeset
947 denarius autem quater ductus in quadragenarium surgit. Vel quia in
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parents: 26
diff changeset
948 hoc mortali corpore ex quatuor elementis subsistimus, per cuius
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diff changeset
949 voluntatem praeceptis dominicis contraimus, quae per Decalogum sunt
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diff changeset
950 accepta. Unde dignum est ut eandem carnem quaterdecies affligamus.
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951 Vel quia ita offerre contendimus Deo decimas dierum. Dum enim per
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diff changeset
952 trecentos et sexaginta dies annus ducitur, nos autem per triginta
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diff changeset
953 sex dies affligimur</i>, qui sunt ieiunabiles in sex septimanis
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diff changeset
954 Quadragesimae, <i>quasi anni nostri decimas Deo damus</i>. Secundum
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diff changeset
955 autem Augustinum, additur quarta ratio. Nam creator est Trinitas,
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diff changeset
956 pater et filius et spiritus sanctus. Creaturae vero invisibili
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diff changeset
957 debetur ternarius numerus, diligere enim iubemur Deum ex toto
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diff changeset
958 corde, ex tota anima, ex tota mente. Creaturae vero visibili
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diff changeset
959 debetur quaternarius, propter calidum et frigidum, humidum et
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diff changeset
960 siccum. Sic ergo per denarium significantur omnes res, qui si
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diff changeset
961 ducatur per quaternarium, qui competit corpori, per quod
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diff changeset
962 administratio geritur, quadragesimum numerum conficit. Singula vero
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diff changeset
963 ieiunia quatuor temporum tribus diebus continentur, propter numerum
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diff changeset
964 mensium qui competit cuilibet tempori. Vel propter numerum sacrorum
53
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965 ordinum, qui in his temporibus conferuntur.</p><p title="II-II q. 147 a. 5 ad 1"><a name="44862"><span class="ref">[44862] IIª-IIae, q. 147 a. 5 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28
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966 ergo dicendum quod Christus Baptismo non indiguit propter seipsum,
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diff changeset
967 sed ut nobis Baptismum commendaret. Et ideo sibi non competebat ut
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968 ante Baptismum suum ieiunaret, sed post Baptismum, ut nos invitaret
53
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969 ad ieiunandum ante nostrum Baptismum.</p><p title="II-II q. 147 a. 5 ad 2"><a name="44863"><span class="ref">[44863] IIª-IIae, q. 147 a. 5 ad 2</span></a> Ad
28
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diff changeset
970 secundum dicendum quod Ecclesia non servat ieiunia quatuor temporum
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diff changeset
971 nec omnino eisdem temporibus quibus Iudaei, nec etiam propter
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diff changeset
972 causas easdem. Illi enim ieiunabant in Iulio, qui est quartus
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diff changeset
973 mensis ab Aprili, quem primum habent, quia tunc Moyses, descendens
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diff changeset
974 de monte Sina, tabulas legis confregit; et iuxta Ieremiam, muri
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diff changeset
975 primum rupti sunt civitatis. In quinto autem mense, qui apud nos
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diff changeset
976 vocatur Augustus, cum propter exploratores seditio esset orta in
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diff changeset
977 populo, iussi sunt in montem non ascendere, et in hoc mense a
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diff changeset
978 Nabuchodonosor, et post a Tito, templum Hierosolymis est incensum.
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diff changeset
979 In septimo vero, qui appellatur October, Godolias occisus est, et
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diff changeset
980 reliquiae populi dissipatae. In decimo vero mense, qui apud nos
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diff changeset
981 Ianuarius dicitur, populus cum Ezechiele in captivitate positus,
53
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diff changeset
982 audivit templum esse subversum.</p><p title="II-II q. 147 a. 5 ad 3"><a name="44864"><span class="ref">[44864] IIª-IIae, q. 147 a. 5 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
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983 dicendum quod ieiunium exultationis ex instinctu spiritus sancti
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diff changeset
984 procedit, qui est spiritus libertatis. Et ideo hoc ieiunium sub
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diff changeset
985 praecepto cadere non debet. Ieiunia ergo quae praecepto Ecclesiae
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diff changeset
986 instituuntur, sunt magis ieiunia afflictionis, quae non conveniunt
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diff changeset
987 in diebus laetitiae. Propter quod, non est ieiunium ab Ecclesia
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parents: 26
diff changeset
988 institutum in toto paschali tempore, nec etiam in diebus dominicis.
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diff changeset
989 In quibus si quis ieiunaret, contra consuetudinem populi
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parents: 26
diff changeset
990 Christiani, quae, ut Augustinus dicit, est pro lege habenda; vel
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diff changeset
991 etiam ex aliquo errore, sicut Manichaei ieiunant quasi necessarium
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parents: 26
diff changeset
992 tale ieiunium arbitrantes, non essent a peccato immunes, quamvis
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parents: 26
diff changeset
993 ipsum ieiunium secundum se consideratum omni tempore sit laudabile,
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diff changeset
994 secundum quod Hieronymus dicit, ad Lucinum, <i>utinam omni tempore
53
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diff changeset
995 ieiunare possimus</i>.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 6</h3><p title="II-II q. 147 a. 6 arg. 1"><a name="44865"><span class="ref">[44865] IIª-IIae, q. 147 a. 6 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
28
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diff changeset
996 sextum sic proceditur. Videtur quod non requiratur ad ieiunium quod
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diff changeset
997 homo semel tantum comedat. Ieiunium enim, ut dictum est, est actus
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diff changeset
998 virtutis abstinentiae, quae quidem non minus observat debitam
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parents: 26
diff changeset
999 quantitatem cibi quam comestionis numerum. Non autem taxatur
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diff changeset
1000 ieiunantibus quantitas cibi. Ergo nec numerus comestionis taxari
53
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diff changeset
1001 debet.</p><p title="II-II q. 147 a. 6 arg. 2"><a name="44866"><span class="ref">[44866] IIª-IIae, q. 147 a. 6 arg. 2</span></a>
28
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diff changeset
1002 Praeterea, sicut homo nutritur cibo, ita et potu. Unde et potus
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diff changeset
1003 ieiunium solvit, propter quod, post potum non possumus Eucharistiam
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1004 accipere. Sed non est prohibitum quin pluries bibamus, diversis
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diff changeset
1005 horis diei. Ergo etiam non debet esse prohibitum ieiunantibus quin
53
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diff changeset
1006 pluries comedant.</p><p title="II-II q. 147 a. 6 arg. 3"><a name="44867"><span class="ref">[44867] IIª-IIae, q. 147 a. 6 arg. 3</span></a>
28
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diff changeset
1007 Praeterea, electuaria quidam cibi sunt. Quae tamen a multis in
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diff changeset
1008 diebus ieiunii post comestionem sumuntur. Ergo unitas comestionis
53
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diff changeset
1009 non est de ratione ieiunii.</p><p title="II-II q. 147 a. 6 s. c."><a name="44868"><span class="ref">[44868] IIª-IIae, q. 147 a. 6 s. c.</span></a> Sed in
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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diff changeset
1010 contrarium est communis consuetudo populi Christiani.</p><p title="II-II q. 147 a. 6 co."><a name="44869"><span class="ref">[44869] IIª-IIae, q. 147 a. 6 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
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diff changeset
1011 dicendum quod ieiunium ab Ecclesia instituitur ad concupiscentiam
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diff changeset
1012 refrenandam, ita tamen quod natura salvetur. Ad hoc autem sufficere
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diff changeset
1013 videtur unica comestio, per quam homo potest et naturae
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diff changeset
1014 satisfacere, et tamen concupiscentiae aliquid detrahit, diminuendo
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diff changeset
1015 comestionum vices. Et ideo Ecclesiae moderatione statutum est ut
53
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diff changeset
1016 semel in die a ieiunantibus comedatur.</p><p title="II-II q. 147 a. 6 ad 1"><a name="44870"><span class="ref">[44870] IIª-IIae, q. 147 a. 6 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28
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diff changeset
1017 ergo dicendum quod quantitas cibi non potuit eadem omnibus taxari,
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diff changeset
1018 propter diversas corporum complexiones, ex quibus contingit quod
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diff changeset
1019 unus maiori, alter minori indiget cibo. Sed ut plurimum omnes
53
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1020 possunt naturae satisfacere per unicam comestionem.</p><p title="II-II q. 147 a. 6 ad 2"><a name="44871"><span class="ref">[44871] IIª-IIae, q. 147 a. 6 ad 2</span></a> Ad
28
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diff changeset
1021 secundum dicendum quod duplex est ieiunium. Unum quidem naturae
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diff changeset
1022 quod requiritur ad Eucharistiae sumptionem. Et hoc solvitur per
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diff changeset
1023 quemlibet potum, etiam aquae, post quem non licet Eucharistiam
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diff changeset
1024 sumere. Est autem aliud ieiunium Ecclesiae, quod dicitur ieiunium
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1025 ieiunantis. Et istud non solvitur nisi per ea quae Ecclesia
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1026 interdicere intendit instituendo ieiunium. Non autem intendit
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diff changeset
1027 Ecclesia interdicere abstinentiam potus, qui magis sumitur ad
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diff changeset
1028 alterationem corporis et digestionem ciborum assumptorum quam ad
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diff changeset
1029 nutritionem, licet aliquo modo nutriat. Et ideo licet pluries
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diff changeset
1030 ieiunantibus bibere. Si autem quis immoderate potu utatur, potest
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diff changeset
1031 peccare et meritum ieiunii perdere, sicut etiam si immoderate cibum
53
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diff changeset
1032 in una comestione assumat.</p><p title="II-II q. 147 a. 6 ad 3"><a name="44872"><span class="ref">[44872] IIª-IIae, q. 147 a. 6 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
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diff changeset
1033 dicendum quod electuaria, etsi aliquo modo nutriant, non tamen
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diff changeset
1034 principaliter assumuntur ad nutrimentum, sed ad digestionem
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diff changeset
1035 ciborum. Unde non solvunt ieiunium, sicut nec aliarum medicinarum
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diff changeset
1036 assumptio, nisi forte aliquis in fraudem electuaria in magna
53
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diff changeset
1037 quantitate assumat per modum cibi.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 7</h3><p title="II-II q. 147 a. 7 arg. 1"><a name="44873"><span class="ref">[44873] IIª-IIae, q. 147 a. 7 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1038 septimum sic proceditur. Videtur quod hora nona non convenienter
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1039 taxetur ad comedendum, his qui ieiunant. Status enim novi
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1040 testamenti est perfectior quam status veteris testamenti. Sed in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1041 veteri testamento ieiunabant usque ad vesperam, dicitur enim Levit.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1042 XXIII, <i>sabbatum est, affligetis animas vestras</i>; et postea
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diff changeset
1043 sequitur, <i>a vespere usque ad vesperam celebrabitis sabbata
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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diff changeset
1044 vestra</i>. Ergo multo magis in novo testamento ieiunium debet
53
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diff changeset
1045 indici usque ad vesperam.</p><p title="II-II q. 147 a. 7 arg. 2"><a name="44874"><span class="ref">[44874] IIª-IIae, q. 147 a. 7 arg. 2</span></a>
28
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diff changeset
1046 Praeterea, ieiunium ab Ecclesia institutum omnibus imponitur. Sed
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diff changeset
1047 non omnes possunt determinate cognoscere horam nonam. Ergo videtur
53
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diff changeset
1048 quod taxatio horae nonae non debeat cadere sub statuto ieiunii.</p><p title="II-II q. 147 a. 7 arg. 3"><a name="44875"><span class="ref">[44875] IIª-IIae, q. 147 a. 7 arg. 3</span></a>
28
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diff changeset
1049 Praeterea, ieiunium est actus virtutis abstinentiae, ut supra
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diff changeset
1050 dictum est. Sed virtus moralis non eodem modo accipit medium quoad
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diff changeset
1051 omnes, quia quod est multum uni, est parum alteri, ut dicitur in II
53
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diff changeset
1052 Ethic. Ergo non debet ieiunantibus taxari hora nona.</p><p title="II-II q. 147 a. 7 s. c."><a name="44876"><span class="ref">[44876] IIª-IIae, q. 147 a. 7 s. c.</span></a> Sed
28
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diff changeset
1053 contra est quod Concilium Cabillonense dicit, <i>in Quadragesima
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1054 nullatenus credendi sunt ieiunare qui ante manducaverint quam
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diff changeset
1055 vespertinum celebretur officium</i>, quod quadragesimali tempore
53
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diff changeset
1056 post nonam dicitur. Ergo usque ad nonam est ieiunandum.</p><p title="II-II q. 147 a. 7 co."><a name="44877"><span class="ref">[44877] IIª-IIae, q. 147 a. 7 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
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diff changeset
1057 dicendum quod, sicut dictum est, ieiunium ordinatur ad deletionem
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diff changeset
1058 et cohibitionem culpae. Unde oportet quod aliquid addat supra
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diff changeset
1059 communem consuetudinem, ita tamen quod per hoc non multum natura
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diff changeset
1060 gravetur. Est autem debita et communis consuetudo comedendi
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diff changeset
1061 hominibus circa horam sextam, tum quia iam videtur esse completa
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1062 digestio, nocturno tempore naturali calore interius revocato
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diff changeset
1063 propter frigus noctis circumstans, et diffusio humoris per membra,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1064 cooperante ad hoc calore diei usque ad summum solis ascensum; tum
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diff changeset
1065 etiam quia tunc praecipue natura corporis humani indiget iuvari
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diff changeset
1066 contra exteriorem aeris calorem, ne humores interius adurantur. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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diff changeset
1067 ideo, ut ieiunans aliquam afflictionem sentiat pro culpae
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diff changeset
1068 satisfactione, conveniens hora comedendi taxatur ieiunantibus circa
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1069 nonam. Convenit etiam ista hora mysterio passionis Christi, quae
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1070 completa fuit hora nona, quando, inclinato capite, tradidit
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diff changeset
1071 spiritum. Ieiunantes enim, dum suam carnem affligunt, passioni
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diff changeset
1072 Christi conformantur, secundum illud Galat. V, <i>qui Christi sunt,
53
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1073 carnem suam crucifixerunt, cum vitiis et concupiscentiis</i>.</p><p title="II-II q. 147 a. 7 ad 1"><a name="44878"><span class="ref">[44878] IIª-IIae, q. 147 a. 7 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28
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diff changeset
1074 ergo dicendum quod status veteris testamenti comparatur nocti,
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diff changeset
1075 status vero novi testamenti diei, secundum illud Rom. XIII, <i>nox
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1076 praecessit, dies autem appropinquavit</i>. Et ideo in veteri
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diff changeset
1077 testamento ieiunabant usque ad noctem, non autem in novo
53
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diff changeset
1078 testamento.</p><p title="II-II q. 147 a. 7 ad 2"><a name="44879"><span class="ref">[44879] IIª-IIae, q. 147 a. 7 ad 2</span></a> Ad
28
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diff changeset
1079 secundum dicendum quod ad ieiunium requiritur hora determinata non
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diff changeset
1080 secundum subtilem examinationem, sed secundum grossam
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diff changeset
1081 aestimationem, sufficit enim quod sit circa horam nonam. Et hoc de
53
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1082 facili quilibet cognoscere potest.</p><p title="II-II q. 147 a. 7 ad 3"><a name="44880"><span class="ref">[44880] IIª-IIae, q. 147 a. 7 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
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diff changeset
1083 dicendum quod modicum augmentum, vel etiam modicus defectus, non
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diff changeset
1084 multum potest nocere. Non est autem magnum temporis spatium quod
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diff changeset
1085 est ab hora sexta, in qua communiter homines comedere consueverunt,
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diff changeset
1086 usque ad horam nonam, quae ieiunantibus determinatur. Et ideo talis
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diff changeset
1087 taxatio temporis non multum potest alicui nocere, cuiuscumque
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1088 conditionis existat. Vel, si forte propter infirmitatem vel aetatem
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diff changeset
1089 aut aliquid huiusmodi, hoc eis in magnum gravamen cederet, esset
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diff changeset
1090 cum eis in ieiunio dispensandum, vel ut aliquantulum praevenirent
53
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diff changeset
1091 horam.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 8</h3><p title="II-II q. 147 a. 8 arg. 1"><a name="44881"><span class="ref">[44881] IIª-IIae, q. 147 a. 8 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
28
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1092 octavum sic proceditur. Videtur quod inconvenienter ieiunantibus
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diff changeset
1093 indicatur abstinentia a carnibus et ovis et lacticiniis. Dictum est
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diff changeset
1094 enim supra quod ieiunium est institutum ad concupiscentias carnis
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diff changeset
1095 refrenandas. Sed magis concupiscentiam provocat potus vini quam
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diff changeset
1096 esus carnium, secundum illud Prov. XX, <i>luxuriosa res est
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1097 vinum</i>; et Ephes. V, <i>nolite inebriari vino, in quo est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1098 luxuria</i>. Cum ergo non interdicatur ieiunantibus potus vini,
53
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diff changeset
1099 videtur quod non debeat interdici esus carnium.</p><p title="II-II q. 147 a. 8 arg. 2"><a name="44882"><span class="ref">[44882] IIª-IIae, q. 147 a. 8 arg. 2</span></a>
28
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diff changeset
1100 Praeterea, aliqui pisces ita delectabiliter comeduntur sicut
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diff changeset
1101 quaedam animalium carnes. Sed concupiscentia est appetitus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1102 delectabilis, ut supra habitum est. Ergo in ieiunio, quod est
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diff changeset
1103 institutum ad concupiscentiam refrenandam, sicut non interdicitur
53
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diff changeset
1104 usus piscium, ita non debet interdici usus carnium.</p><p title="II-II q. 147 a. 8 arg. 3"><a name="44883"><span class="ref">[44883] IIª-IIae, q. 147 a. 8 arg. 3</span></a>
28
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diff changeset
1105 Praeterea, in quibusdam ieiuniorum diebus aliqui ovis et caseo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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diff changeset
1106 utuntur. Ergo, pari ratione, in ieiunio quadragesimali talibus homo
53
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diff changeset
1107 uti potest.</p><p title="II-II q. 147 a. 8 s. c."><a name="44884"><span class="ref">[44884] IIª-IIae, q. 147 a. 8 s. c.</span></a> Sed
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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diff changeset
1108 contra est communis fidelium consuetudo.</p><p title="II-II q. 147 a. 8 co."><a name="44885"><span class="ref">[44885] IIª-IIae, q. 147 a. 8 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
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diff changeset
1109 dicendum quod, sicut supra dictum est, ieiunium ab Ecclesia est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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diff changeset
1110 institutum ad reprimendas concupiscentias carnis. Quae quidem sunt
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1111 delectabilium secundum tactum, quae consistunt in cibis et
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1112 venereis. Et ideo illos cibos Ecclesia ieiunantibus interdixit qui
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1113 et in comedendo maxime habent delectationem, et iterum maxime
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1114 hominem ad venerea provocant. Huiusmodi autem sunt carnes animalium
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diff changeset
1115 in terra quiescentium et respirantium, et quae ex eis procedunt,
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diff changeset
1116 sicut lacticinia ex gressibilibus, et ova ex avibus. Quia enim
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diff changeset
1117 huiusmodi magis conformantur humano corpori, plus delectant et
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diff changeset
1118 magis conferunt ad humani corporis nutrimentum, et sic ex eorum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1119 comestione plus superfluit ut vertatur in materiam seminis, cuius
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diff changeset
1120 multiplicatio est maximum incitamentum luxuriae. Et ideo ab his
53
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diff changeset
1121 cibis praecipue ieiunantibus Ecclesia statuit esse abstinendum.</p><p title="II-II q. 147 a. 8 ad 1"><a name="44886"><span class="ref">[44886] IIª-IIae, q. 147 a. 8 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28
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diff changeset
1122 ergo dicendum quod ad actum generationis tria concurrunt, scilicet
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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diff changeset
1123 calor, spiritus et humor. Ad calorem quidem maxime cooperatur
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1124 vinum, et alia calefacientia corpus; ad spiritus autem videntur
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1125 cooperari inflativa; sed ad humorem maxime cooperatur usus carnium,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1126 ex quibus multum de alimento generatur. Alteratio autem caloris et
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1127 multiplicatio spirituum cito transit, sed substantia humoris diu
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1128 manet. Et ideo magis interdicitur ieiunantibus usus carnium quam
53
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diff changeset
1129 vini, vel leguminum, quae sunt inflativa.</p><p title="II-II q. 147 a. 8 ad 2"><a name="44887"><span class="ref">[44887] IIª-IIae, q. 147 a. 8 ad 2</span></a> Ad
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1130 secundum dicendum quod Ecclesia, ieiunium instituens, intendit ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1131 id quod communius accidit. Esus autem carnium est magis
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1132 delectabilis communiter quam esus piscium, quamvis in quibusdam
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diff changeset
1133 aliter se habeat. Et ideo Ecclesia magis ieiunantibus prohibuit
53
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diff changeset
1134 esum carnium quam esum piscium.</p><p title="II-II q. 147 a. 8 ad 3"><a name="44888"><span class="ref">[44888] IIª-IIae, q. 147 a. 8 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
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diff changeset
1135 dicendum quod ova et lacticinia ieiunantibus interdicuntur
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diff changeset
1136 inquantum sunt animalibus exorta carnes habentibus. Unde
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diff changeset
1137 principalius interdicuntur quam ova vel lacticinia. Similiter etiam
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1138 inter alia ieiunia, solemnius est quadragesimale ieiunium, tum quia
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1139 observatur ad imitationem Christi; tum etiam quia per ipsum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1140 disponimur ad redemptionis nostrae mysteria devote celebranda. Et
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diff changeset
1141 ideo in quolibet ieiunio interdicitur esus carnium, in ieiunio
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1142 autem quadragesimali interdicuntur universaliter etiam ova et
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1143 lacticinia. Circa quorum abstinentiam in aliis ieiuniis diversae
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diff changeset
1144 consuetudines existunt apud diversos, quas quisque observare debet,
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diff changeset
1145 secundum morem eorum inter quos conversatur. Unde Hieronymus dicit,
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diff changeset
1146 de ieiuniis loquens, <i>unaquaeque provincia abundet in suo sensu,
59
03759e5c1080 fix multi-para s.c.
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diff changeset
1147 et praecepta maiorum leges apostolicas arbitretur</i>.</p></div></div><div id="q148" class="q"><h2>Quaestio 148</h2><div class="p"><h3>Prooemium</h3><p title="II-II q. 148 pr."><a name="44889"><span class="ref">[44889] IIª-IIae, q. 148 pr.</span></a> Deinde
28
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diff changeset
1148 considerandum est de gula. Et circa hoc quaeruntur sex. Primo,
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diff changeset
1149 utrum gula sit peccatum. Secundo, utrum sit peccatum mortale.
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1150 Tertio, utrum sit maximum peccatorum. Quarto, de speciebus eius.
53
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1151 Quinto, utrum sit vitium capitale. Sexto, de filiabus eius.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 1</h3><p title="II-II q. 148 a. 1 arg. 1"><a name="44890"><span class="ref">[44890] IIª-IIae, q. 148 a. 1 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
28
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diff changeset
1152 primum sic proceditur. Videtur quod gula non sit peccatum. Dicit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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diff changeset
1153 enim dominus, Matth. XV, <i>quod intrat in os, non coinquinat
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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diff changeset
1154 hominem</i>. Sed gula est circa cibos, qui intrant in hominem. Cum
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diff changeset
1155 ergo omne peccatum coinquinet hominem, videtur quod gula non sit
53
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diff changeset
1156 peccatum.</p><p title="II-II q. 148 a. 1 arg. 2"><a name="44891"><span class="ref">[44891] IIª-IIae, q. 148 a. 1 arg. 2</span></a>
28
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diff changeset
1157 Praeterea, nullus peccat in eo quod vitare non potest. Sed gula
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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diff changeset
1158 consistit in immoderantia cibi, quam non potest homo vitare, dicit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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diff changeset
1159 enim Gregorius, XXX Moral., <i>quia per esum voluptas necessitati
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diff changeset
1160 miscetur, quid necessitas petat, et quid voluptas suppetat,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1161 ignoratur</i>; et Augustinus dicit, X Confess., <i>quis est,
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diff changeset
1162 domine, qui aliquantulum extra metas necessitatis cibum non
53
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diff changeset
1163 sumit?</i> Ergo gula non est peccatum.</p><p title="II-II q. 148 a. 1 arg. 3"><a name="44892"><span class="ref">[44892] IIª-IIae, q. 148 a. 1 arg. 3</span></a>
28
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diff changeset
1164 Praeterea, in quolibet genere peccati primus motus est peccatum.
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diff changeset
1165 Sed primus motus sumendi cibum non est peccatum, alioquin fames et
53
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diff changeset
1166 sitis essent peccata. Ergo gula non est peccatum.</p><p title="II-II q. 148 a. 1 s. c."><a name="44893"><span class="ref">[44893] IIª-IIae, q. 148 a. 1 s. c.</span></a> Sed
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1167 contra est quod Gregorius dicit, XXX Moral., quod <i>ad conflictum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1168 spiritualis agonis non assurgitur, si non prius intra nosmetipsos
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1169 hostis positus, gulae videlicet appetitus, edomatur</i>. Sed
53
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diff changeset
1170 interior hostis hominis est peccatum. Ergo gula est peccatum.</p><p title="II-II q. 148 a. 1 co."><a name="44894"><span class="ref">[44894] IIª-IIae, q. 148 a. 1 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1171 dicendum quod gula non nominat quemlibet appetitum edendi et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1172 bibendi, sed inordinatum. Dicitur autem appetitus inordinatus ex eo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1173 quod recedit ab ordine rationis, in quo bonum virtutis moralis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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diff changeset
1174 consistit. Ex hoc autem dicitur aliquid esse peccatum quod virtuti
53
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diff changeset
1175 contrariatur. Unde manifestum est quod gula est peccatum.</p><p title="II-II q. 148 a. 1 ad 1"><a name="44895"><span class="ref">[44895] IIª-IIae, q. 148 a. 1 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28
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diff changeset
1176 ergo dicendum quod id quod intrat in hominem per modum cibi,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1177 secundum suam substantiam et naturam, non coinquinat hominem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1178 spiritualiter, sed Iudaei, contra quos dominus loquitur, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1179 Manichaei opinabantur quod aliqui cibi immundos facerent, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1180 propter figuram, sed secundum propriam naturam. Inordinata tamen
53
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diff changeset
1181 ciborum concupiscentia hominem spiritualiter coinquinat.</p><p title="II-II q. 148 a. 1 ad 2"><a name="44896"><span class="ref">[44896] IIª-IIae, q. 148 a. 1 ad 2</span></a> Ad
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1182 secundum dicendum quod, sicut dictum est, vitium gulae non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1183 consistit in substantia cibi, sed in concupiscentia non regulata
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1184 ratione. Et ideo si aliquis excedat in quantitate cibi non propter
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1185 cibi concupiscentiam, sed aestimans id sibi necessarium esse, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1186 pertinet hoc ad gulam, sed ad aliquam imperitiam. Sed hoc solum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1187 pertinet ad gulam, quod aliquis, propter concupiscentiam cibi
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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diff changeset
1188 delectabilis, scienter excedat mensuram in edendo.</p><p title="II-II q. 148 a. 1 ad 3"><a name="44897"><span class="ref">[44897] IIª-IIae, q. 148 a. 1 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1189 dicendum quod duplex est appetitus. Unus quidem naturalis, qui
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1190 pertinet ad vires animae vegetabilis, in quibus non potest esse
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1191 virtus et vitium, eo quod non possunt subiici rationi. Unde et vis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1192 appetitiva dividitur contra retentivam, digestivam, expulsivam. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1193 ad talem appetitum pertinet esuries et sitis. Est autem et alius
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1194 appetitus sensitivus, in cuius concupiscentia vitium gulae
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diff changeset
1195 consistit. Unde primus motus gulae importat inordinationem in
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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diff changeset
1196 appetitu sensitivo, quae non est sine peccato.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 2</h3><p title="II-II q. 148 a. 2 arg. 1"><a name="44898"><span class="ref">[44898] IIª-IIae, q. 148 a. 2 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
28
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diff changeset
1197 secundum sic proceditur. Videtur quod gula non sit peccatum
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diff changeset
1198 mortale. Omne enim peccatum mortale contrariatur alicui praecepto
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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diff changeset
1199 Decalogi. Quod de gula non videtur. Ergo gula non est peccatum
53
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diff changeset
1200 mortale.</p><p title="II-II q. 148 a. 2 arg. 2"><a name="44899"><span class="ref">[44899] IIª-IIae, q. 148 a. 2 arg. 2</span></a>
28
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diff changeset
1201 Praeterea, omne peccatum mortale contrariatur caritati, ut ex supra
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1202 dictis patet. Sed gula non opponitur caritati, neque quantum ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1203 dilectionem Dei, neque quantum ad dilectionem proximi. Ergo gula
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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diff changeset
1204 nunquam est peccatum mortale.</p><p title="II-II q. 148 a. 2 arg. 3"><a name="44900"><span class="ref">[44900] IIª-IIae, q. 148 a. 2 arg. 3</span></a>
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1205 Praeterea, Augustinus dicit, in sermone de Purgatorio, <i>quoties
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1206 aliquis in cibo aut potu plus accipit quam necesse est, ad minuta
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1207 peccata noverit pertinere</i>. Sed hoc pertinet ad gulam. Ergo gula
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
1208 computatur inter minuta, idest inter venialia peccata.</p><p title="II-II q. 148 a. 2 s. c."><a name="44901"><span class="ref">[44901] IIª-IIae, q. 148 a. 2 s. c.</span></a> Sed
28
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diff changeset
1209 contra est quod Gregorius dicit, in XXX Moral., <i>dominante gulae
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1210 vitio, omne quod homines fortiter egerunt, perdunt, et dum venter
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1211 non restringitur, simul cunctae virtutes obruuntur</i>. Sed virtus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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diff changeset
1212 non tollitur nisi per peccatum mortale. Ergo gula est peccatum
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
1213 mortale.</p><p title="II-II q. 148 a. 2 co."><a name="44902"><span class="ref">[44902] IIª-IIae, q. 148 a. 2 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1214 dicendum quod, sicut dictum est, vitium gulae proprie consistit in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1215 concupiscentia inordinata. Ordo autem rationis concupiscentiam
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diff changeset
1216 ordinantis dupliciter tolli potest. Uno modo, quantum ad ea quae
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1217 sunt ad finem, prout scilicet non sunt ita commensurata ut sint
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1218 proportionata fini. Alio modo, quantum ad ipsum finem, prout
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1219 scilicet concupiscentia hominem avertit a fine debito. Si ergo
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1220 inordinatio concupiscentiae accipiatur in gula secundum aversionem
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1221 a fine ultimo, sic gula erit peccatum mortale. Quod quidem
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1222 contingit quando delectationi gulae inhaeret homo tanquam fini
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1223 propter quem Deum contemnit, paratus scilicet contra praecepta Dei
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diff changeset
1224 agere ut delectationes huiusmodi assequatur. Si vero in vitio gulae
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1225 intelligatur inordinatio concupiscentiae tantum secundum ea quae
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diff changeset
1226 sunt ad finem, utpote quia nimis concupiscit delectationes ciborum,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1227 non tamen ita quod propter hoc aliquid faceret contra legem Dei,
53
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parents: 28
diff changeset
1228 est peccatum veniale.</p><p title="II-II q. 148 a. 2 ad 1"><a name="44903"><span class="ref">[44903] IIª-IIae, q. 148 a. 2 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1229 ergo dicendum quod vitium gulae habet quod sit peccatum mortale
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1230 inquantum avertit a fine ultimo. Et secundum hoc, per quandam
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1231 reductionem, opponitur praecepto de sanctificatione sabbati, in quo
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1232 praecipitur quies in fine ultimo. Non enim omnia peccata mortalia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1233 directe contrariantur praeceptis Decalogi, sed solum illa quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1234 iniustitiam continent, quia praecepta Decalogi specialiter
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
1235 pertinent ad iustitiam et partes eius, ut supra habitum est.</p><p title="II-II q. 148 a. 2 ad 2"><a name="44904"><span class="ref">[44904] IIª-IIae, q. 148 a. 2 ad 2</span></a> Ad
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1236 secundum dicendum quod, inquantum avertit a fine ultimo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1237 contrariatur gula dilectioni Dei, qui est super omnia sicut finis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1238 ultimus diligendus. Et secundum hoc solum gula est peccatum
53
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parents: 28
diff changeset
1239 mortale.</p><p title="II-II q. 148 a. 2 ad 3"><a name="44905"><span class="ref">[44905] IIª-IIae, q. 148 a. 2 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1240 dicendum quod illud verbum Augustini intelligitur de gula prout
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1241 importat inordinationem concupiscentiae solum circa ea quae sunt ad
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
1242 finem.</p><p title="II-II q. 148 a. 2 ad 4"><a name="44906"><span class="ref">[44906] IIª-IIae, q. 148 a. 2 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1243 dicendum quod gula dicitur virtutes auferre non tam propter se,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1244 quam etiam propter vitia quae ex ea oriuntur. Dicit enim Gregorius,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1245 in pastorali, <i>dum venter ingluvie tenditur, virtutes animae per
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
1246 luxuriam destruuntur</i>.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 3</h3><p title="II-II q. 148 a. 3 arg. 1"><a name="44907"><span class="ref">[44907] IIª-IIae, q. 148 a. 3 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1247 tertium sic proceditur. Videtur quod gula sit maximum peccatorum.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1248 Magnitudo enim peccati ex magnitudine poenae consideratur. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1249 peccatum gulae est gravissime punitum, dicit enim Chrysostomus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1250 <i>Adam incontinentia ventris expulit a Paradiso; diluvium quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1251 fuit tempore Noe, ipsa fecit</i>; secundum illud Ezech. XVI,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1252 <i>haec fuit iniquitas Sodomae, sororis tuae, saturitas panis</i>,
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
1253 et cetera. Ergo peccatum gulae est maximum.</p><p title="II-II q. 148 a. 3 arg. 2"><a name="44908"><span class="ref">[44908] IIª-IIae, q. 148 a. 3 arg. 2</span></a>
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1254 Praeterea, causa in quolibet genere est potior. Sed gula videtur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1255 esse causa aliorum peccatorum, quia super illud Psalmi, <i>qui
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1256 percussit Aegyptum cum primogenitis eorum</i>, dicit Glossa,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1257 <i>luxuria, concupiscentia, superbia sunt ea quae venter
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
1258 generat</i>. Ergo gula est gravissimum peccatorum.</p><p title="II-II q. 148 a. 3 arg. 3"><a name="44909"><span class="ref">[44909] IIª-IIae, q. 148 a. 3 arg. 3</span></a>
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1259 Praeterea, post Deum, homo debet seipsum maxime diligere, ut supra
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1260 habitum est. Sed per vitium gulae homo infert sibi ipsi nocumentum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1261 dicitur enim Eccli. XXXVII, <i>propter crapulam multi obierunt</i>.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1262 Ergo gula est maximum peccatorum, ad minus praeter peccata quae
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
1263 sunt contra Deum.</p><p title="II-II q. 148 a. 3 s. c."><a name="44910"><span class="ref">[44910] IIª-IIae, q. 148 a. 3 s. c.</span></a> Sed
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1264 contra est quod vitia carnalia, inter quae computatur gula,
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
1265 secundum Gregorium, sunt minoris culpae.</p><p title="II-II q. 148 a. 3 co."><a name="44911"><span class="ref">[44911] IIª-IIae, q. 148 a. 3 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1266 dicendum quod gravitas alicuius peccati potest considerari
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1267 tripliciter. Primo quidem, et principaliter, secundum materiam in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1268 qua peccatur. Et secundum hoc, peccata quae sunt circa res divinas
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1269 sunt maxima. Unde secundum hoc, vitium gulae non erit maximum, est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1270 enim circa ea quae ad sustentationem corporis spectant. Secundo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1271 autem, ex parte peccantis. Et secundum hoc, peccatum gulae magis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1272 alleviatur quam aggravatur. Tum propter necessitatem sumptionis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1273 ciborum. Tum etiam propter difficultatem discernendi et moderandi
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1274 id quod in talibus convenit. Tertio vero modo, ex parte effectus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1275 consequentis. Et secundum hoc, vitium gulae habet quandam
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
1276 magnitudinem, inquantum ex ea occasionantur diversa peccata.</p><p title="II-II q. 148 a. 3 ad 1"><a name="44912"><span class="ref">[44912] IIª-IIae, q. 148 a. 3 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1277 ergo dicendum quod illae poenae magis referuntur ad vitia quae sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1278 consecuta ex gula, vel ad gulae radicem, quam ad ipsam gulam. Nam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1279 primus homo expulsus est de Paradiso propter superbiam, ex qua
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1280 processit ad actum gulae. Diluvium autem et poena Sodomorum sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1281 inducta propter peccata luxuriae praecedentia, ex gula
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
1282 occasionata.</p><p title="II-II q. 148 a. 3 ad 2"><a name="44913"><span class="ref">[44913] IIª-IIae, q. 148 a. 3 ad 2</span></a> Ad
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1283 secundum dicendum quod ratio illa procedit ex parte peccatorum quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1284 ex gula oriuntur. Non autem oportet quod causa sit potior, nisi in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1285 causis per se. Gula autem non est causa illorum vitiorum per se,
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
1286 sed quasi per accidens et per occasionem.</p><p title="II-II q. 148 a. 3 ad 3"><a name="44914"><span class="ref">[44914] IIª-IIae, q. 148 a. 3 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1287 dicendum quod gulosus non intendit suo corpori nocumentum inferre,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1288 sed in cibo delectari, si autem nocumentum corporis sequatur, hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1289 est per accidens. Unde hoc non directe pertinet ad gravitatem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1290 gulae. Cuius tamen culpa aggravatur si quis corporale detrimentum
53
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parents: 28
diff changeset
1291 incurrat propter immoderatam cibi sumptionem.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 4</h3><p title="II-II q. 148 a. 4 arg. 1"><a name="44915"><span class="ref">[44915] IIª-IIae, q. 148 a. 4 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1292 quartum sic proceditur. Videtur quod inconvenienter species gulae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1293 distinguantur a Gregorio, qui, XXX Moral., dicit. <i>Quinque modis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1294 nos gulae vitium tentat, aliquando namque indigentiae tempora
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1295 praevenit; aliquando lautiores cibos quaerit; aliquando quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1296 sumenda sunt praeparari accuratius appetit; aliquando in ipsa
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1297 quantitate sumendi mensuram refectionis excedit; aliquando ipso
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1298 aestu immensi desiderii aliquis peccat</i>. Et continentur in hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1299 versu, <i>praepropere, laute, nimis, ardenter, studiose</i>.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1300 Praedicta enim diversificantur secundum diversas circumstantias.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1301 Sed circumstantiae, cum sint accidentia actuum, non diversificant
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1302 speciem. Ergo secundum praedicta non diversificantur species
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
1303 gulae.</p><p title="II-II q. 148 a. 4 arg. 2"><a name="44916"><span class="ref">[44916] IIª-IIae, q. 148 a. 4 arg. 2</span></a>
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1304 Praeterea, sicut tempus est quaedam circumstantia, ita et locus. Si
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1305 ergo secundum tempus una species gulae accipitur, videtur quod,
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
1306 pari ratione, secundum locum et alias circumstantias.</p><p title="II-II q. 148 a. 4 arg. 3"><a name="44917"><span class="ref">[44917] IIª-IIae, q. 148 a. 4 arg. 3</span></a>
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1307 Praeterea, sicut temperantia observat debitas circumstantias, ita
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1308 etiam et aliae virtutes morales. Sed in vitiis quae opponuntur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1309 aliis virtutibus moralibus non distinguuntur species secundum
53
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parents: 28
diff changeset
1310 diversas circumstantias. Ergo nec in gula.</p><p title="II-II q. 148 a. 4 s. c."><a name="44918"><span class="ref">[44918] IIª-IIae, q. 148 a. 4 s. c.</span></a> Sed
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
1311 contra est verbum Gregorii inductum.</p><p title="II-II q. 148 a. 4 co."><a name="44919"><span class="ref">[44919] IIª-IIae, q. 148 a. 4 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1312 dicendum quod, sicut dictum est, gula importat inordinatam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1313 concupiscentiam edendi. In esu autem duo considerantur, scilicet
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1314 ipse cibus qui comeditur, et eius comestio. Potest ergo inordinatio
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1315 concupiscentiae attendi dupliciter. Uno quidem modo, quantum ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1316 ipsum cibum qui sumitur. Et sic, quantum ad substantiam vel speciem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1317 cibi, quaerit aliquis cibos lautos, idest pretiosos; quantum ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1318 qualitatem, quaerit cibos nimis accurate praeparatos, quod est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1319 studiose; quantum autem ad quantitatem, excedit in nimis edendo.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1320 Alio vero modo attenditur inordinatio concupiscentiae quantum ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1321 ipsam sumptionem cibi, vel quia praevenit tempus debitum comedendi,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1322 quod est praepropere; vel quia non servat modum debitum in edendo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1323 quod est ardenter. Isidorus vero comprehendit primum et secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1324 sub uno, dicens quod gulosus excedit in cibo secundum quid,
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
1325 quantum, quomodo et quando.</p><p title="II-II q. 148 a. 4 ad 1"><a name="44920"><span class="ref">[44920] IIª-IIae, q. 148 a. 4 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1326 ergo dicendum quod corruptio diversarum circumstantiarum facit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1327 diversas species gulae propter diversa motiva, ex quibus moralium
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1328 species diversificantur. In eo enim qui quaerit lautos cibos,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1329 excitatur concupiscentia ex ipsa specie cibi in eo vero qui
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1330 praeoccupat tempus, deordinatur concupiscentia propter impatientiam
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
1331 morae; et idem patet in aliis.</p><p title="II-II q. 148 a. 4 ad 2"><a name="44921"><span class="ref">[44921] IIª-IIae, q. 148 a. 4 ad 2</span></a> Ad
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1332 secundum dicendum quod in loco et in aliis circumstantiis non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1333 invenitur aliud differens motivum pertinens ad usum cibi, quod
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
1334 faciat aliam speciem gulae.</p><p title="II-II q. 148 a. 4 ad 3"><a name="44922"><span class="ref">[44922] IIª-IIae, q. 148 a. 4 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1335 dicendum quod in quibuscumque aliis vitiis diversae circumstantiae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1336 habent diversa motiva, oportet accipi diversas species vitiorum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1337 secundum diversas circumstantias. Sed hoc non contingit in omnibus,
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
1338 ut dictum est.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 5</h3><p title="II-II q. 148 a. 5 arg. 1"><a name="44923"><span class="ref">[44923] IIª-IIae, q. 148 a. 5 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1339 quintum sic proceditur. Videtur quod gula non sit vitium capitale.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1340 Vitia enim capitalia dicuntur ex quibus alia oriuntur secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1341 rationem causae finalis. Sed cibus, circa quem est gula, non habet
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1342 rationem finis, non enim propter se quaeritur, sed propter corporis
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
1343 nutritionem. Ergo gula non est vitium capitale.</p><p title="II-II q. 148 a. 5 arg. 2"><a name="44924"><span class="ref">[44924] IIª-IIae, q. 148 a. 5 arg. 2</span></a>
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1344 Praeterea, vitium capitale aliquam principalitatem habere videtur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1345 in ratione peccati. Sed hoc non competit gulae, quae videtur esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1346 secundum suum genus minimum peccatorum, utpote plus appropinquans
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1347 ad id quod est secundum naturam. Ergo gula non videtur esse vitium
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
1348 capitale.</p><p title="II-II q. 148 a. 5 arg. 3"><a name="44925"><span class="ref">[44925] IIª-IIae, q. 148 a. 5 arg. 3</span></a>
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1349 Praeterea, peccatum contingit ex hoc quod aliquis recedit a bono
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1350 honesto propter aliquid utile praesenti vitae, vel delectabile
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1351 sensui. Sed circa bona quae habent rationem utilis, ponitur unum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1352 tantum vitium capitale, scilicet avaritia. Ergo et circa
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1353 delectationes videtur esse ponendum unum tantum vitium capitale.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1354 Ponitur autem luxuria, quae est maius vitium quam gula, et circa
53
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parents: 28
diff changeset
1355 maiores delectationes. Ergo gula non est vitium capitale.</p><p title="II-II q. 148 a. 5 s. c."><a name="44926"><span class="ref">[44926] IIª-IIae, q. 148 a. 5 s. c.</span></a> Sed
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1356 contra est quod Gregorius, XXXI Moral., computat gulam inter vitia
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
1357 capitalia.</p><p title="II-II q. 148 a. 5 co."><a name="44927"><span class="ref">[44927] IIª-IIae, q. 148 a. 5 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1358 dicendum quod, sicut supra dictum est, vitium capitale dicitur ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1359 quo alia vitia oriuntur secundum rationem causae finalis, inquantum
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1360 scilicet habet finem multum appetibilem, unde ex eius appetitu
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1361 homines provocantur multipliciter ad peccandum. Ex hoc autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1362 aliquis finis redditur multum appetibilis quod habet aliquam de
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1363 conditionibus felicitatis, quae est naturaliter appetibilis.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1364 Pertinet autem ad rationem felicitatis delectatio, ut patet in I et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1365 X Ethic. Et ideo vitium gulae, quod est circa delectationes tactus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1366 quae sunt praecipuae inter alias, convenienter ponitur inter vitia
53
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parents: 28
diff changeset
1367 capitalia.</p><p title="II-II q. 148 a. 5 ad 1"><a name="44928"><span class="ref">[44928] IIª-IIae, q. 148 a. 5 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1368 ergo dicendum quod ipse cibus ordinatur quidem ad aliquid sicut ad
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1369 finem, sed quia ille finis, scilicet conservatio vitae, est maxime
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1370 appetibilis, quae sine cibo conservari non potest, inde etiam est
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1371 quod ipse cibus est maxime appetibilis; et ad hoc fere totus labor
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1372 humanae vitae ordinatur, secundum illud Eccle. VI, <i>omnis labor
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1373 hominis in ore eius</i>. Et tamen gula magis videtur esse circa
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1374 delectationes cibi quam circa cibos. Propter quod, ut Augustinus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1375 dicit, in libro de vera Relig., <i>quibus vilis est corporis salus,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1376 malunt vesci</i>, in quo scilicet est delectatio, <i>quam saturari,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1377 cum omnis finis illius voluptatis sit non sitire atque
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
1378 esurire</i>.</p><p title="II-II q. 148 a. 5 ad 2"><a name="44929"><span class="ref">[44929] IIª-IIae, q. 148 a. 5 ad 2</span></a> Ad
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1379 secundum dicendum quod finis in peccato accipitur ex parte
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1380 conversionis, sed gravitas peccati accipitur ex parte aversionis.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1381 Et ideo non oportet vitium capitale, quod habet finem maxime
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
1382 appetibilem, habere magnam gravitatem.</p><p title="II-II q. 148 a. 5 ad 3"><a name="44930"><span class="ref">[44930] IIª-IIae, q. 148 a. 5 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1383 dicendum quod delectabile est appetibile secundum se. Et ideo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1384 secundum eius diversitatem ponuntur duo vitia capitalia, scilicet
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1385 gula et luxuria. Utile autem non habet ex se rationem appetibilis,
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1386 sed secundum quod ad aliud ordinatur. Et ideo in omnibus utilibus
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1387 videtur esse una ratio appetibilitatis. Et propter hoc circa
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
1388 huiusmodi non ponitur nisi unum vitium capitale.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 6</h3><p title="II-II q. 148 a. 6 arg. 1"><a name="44931"><span class="ref">[44931] IIª-IIae, q. 148 a. 6 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1389 sextum sic proceditur. Videtur quod inconvenienter assignentur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1390 gulae quinque filiae, scilicet <i>inepta laetitia, scurrilitas,
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1391 immunditia, multiloquium, hebetudo mentis circa intelligentiam</i>.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1392 Inepta enim laetitia consequitur omne peccatum, secundum illud
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1393 Prov. II, qui laetantur cum male fecerint, et exultant in rebus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1394 pessimis. Similiter etiam hebetudo mentis invenitur in omni
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1395 peccato, secundum illud Prov. XIV, errant qui operantur malum. Ergo
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
1396 inconvenienter ponuntur filiae gulae.</p><p title="II-II q. 148 a. 6 arg. 2"><a name="44932"><span class="ref">[44932] IIª-IIae, q. 148 a. 6 arg. 2</span></a>
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1397 Praeterea, immunditia, quae maxime consequitur gulam, videtur ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1398 vomitum pertinere, secundum illud Isaiae XXVIII, <i>omnes mensae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1399 repletae sunt vomitu sordium</i>. Sed hoc non videtur esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1400 peccatum, sed poena, vel etiam aliquid utile sub consilio cadens,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1401 secundum illud Eccli. XXXI, <i>si coactus fueris in edendo multum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1402 surge e medio et vome, et refrigerabit te</i>. Ergo non debet poni
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
1403 inter filias gulae.</p><p title="II-II q. 148 a. 6 arg. 3"><a name="44933"><span class="ref">[44933] IIª-IIae, q. 148 a. 6 arg. 3</span></a>
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1404 Praeterea, Isidorus ponit scurrilitatem filiam luxuriae. Non ergo
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
1405 debet poni inter filias gulae.</p><p title="II-II q. 148 a. 6 s. c."><a name="44934"><span class="ref">[44934] IIª-IIae, q. 148 a. 6 s. c.</span></a> Sed
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1406 contra est quod Gregorius, XXXI Moral., has filias gulae
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
1407 assignat.</p><p title="II-II q. 148 a. 6 co."><a name="44935"><span class="ref">[44935] IIª-IIae, q. 148 a. 6 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1408 dicendum quod, sicut dictum est, gula proprie consistit circa
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1409 immoderatam delectationem quae est in cibis et potibus. Et ideo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1410 illa vitia inter filias gulae computantur quae ex immoderata
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1411 delectatione cibi et potus consequuntur. Quae quidem possunt accipi
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1412 vel ex parte animae, vel ex parte corporis. Ex parte autem animae,
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1413 quadrupliciter. Primo quidem, quantum ad rationem, cuius acies
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1414 hebetatur ex immoderantia cibi et potus. Et quantum ad hoc, ponitur
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1415 filia gulae hebetudo sensus circa intelligentiam, propter
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1416 fumositates ciborum perturbantes caput. Sicut et e contrario
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1417 abstinentia confert ad sapientiae perceptionem, secundum illud
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1418 Eccle. II, <i>cogitavi in corde meo abstrahere a vino carnem meam,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1419 ut animum meum transferrem ad sapientiam</i>. Secundo, quantum ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1420 appetitum, qui multipliciter deordinatur per immoderantiam cibi et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1421 potus, quasi sopito gubernaculo rationis. Et quantum ad hoc,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1422 ponitur inepta laetitia, quia omnes aliae inordinatae passiones ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1423 laetitiam et tristitiam ordinantur, ut dicitur in II Ethic. Et hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1424 est quod dicitur III Esdrae III, <i>quod vinum omnem mentem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1425 convertit in securitatem et iucunditatem</i>. Tertio, quantum ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1426 inordinatum verbum. Et sic ponitur multiloquium, quia, ut Gregorius
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1427 dicit, in pastorali, <i>nisi gulae deditos immoderata loquacitas
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1428 raperet, dives ille qui epulatus quotidie splendide dicitur, in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1429 lingua gravius non arderet</i>. Quarto, quantum ad inordinatum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1430 actum. Et sic ponitur scurrilitas, idest iocularitas quaedam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1431 proveniens ex defectu rationis, quae, sicut non potest cohibere
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1432 verba, ita non potest cohibere exteriores gestus. Unde Ephes. V,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1433 super illud, aut stultiloquium aut scurrilitas, dicit Glossa,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1434 <i>quae a stultis curialitas dicitur, idest iocularitas, quae risum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1435 movere solet</i>. Quamvis possit utrumque horum referri ad verba.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1436 In quibus contingit peccare vel ratione superfluitatis, quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1437 pertinet ad multiloquium, vel ratione inhonestatis, quod pertinet
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1438 ad scurrilitatem. Ex parte autem corporis, ponitur immunditia. Quae
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1439 potest attendi sive secundum inordinatam emissionem quarumcumque
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1440 superfluitatum, vel specialiter quantum ad emissionem seminis. Unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1441 super illud Ephes. V, fornicatio autem et omnis immunditia etc.,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1442 dicit Glossa, <i>idest incontinentia pertinens ad libidinem
53
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parents: 28
diff changeset
1443 quocumque modo</i>.</p><p title="II-II q. 148 a. 6 ad 1"><a name="44936"><span class="ref">[44936] IIª-IIae, q. 148 a. 6 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1444 ergo dicendum quod laetitia quae est de actu peccati vel fine,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1445 consequitur omne peccatum, maxime quod procedit ex habitu. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1446 laetitia vaga incomposita, quae hic dicitur inepta, praecipue
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1447 oritur ex immoderata sumptione cibi vel potus. Similiter etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1448 dicendum quod hebetudo sensus quantum ad eligibilia communiter
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1449 invenitur in omni peccato. Sed hebetudo sensus circa speculabilia
53
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parents: 28
diff changeset
1450 maxime procedit ex gula, ratione iam dicta.</p><p title="II-II q. 148 a. 6 ad 2"><a name="44937"><span class="ref">[44937] IIª-IIae, q. 148 a. 6 ad 2</span></a> Ad
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1451 secundum dicendum quod, licet utilis sit vomitus post superfluam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1452 comestionem, tamen vitiosum est quod aliquis huic necessitati se
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1453 subdat per immoderantiam cibi vel potus. Potest tamen absque culpa
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1454 vomitus procurari ex consilio medicinae in remedium alicuius
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
1455 languoris.</p><p title="II-II q. 148 a. 6 ad 3"><a name="44938"><span class="ref">[44938] IIª-IIae, q. 148 a. 6 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1456 dicendum quod scurrilitas procedit quidem ex actu gulae, non autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1457 ex actu luxuriae, sed ex eius voluntate. Et ideo ad utrumque vitium
59
03759e5c1080 fix multi-para s.c.
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parents: 53
diff changeset
1458 potest pertinere.</p></div></div><div id="q149" class="q"><h2>Quaestio 149</h2><div class="p"><h3>Prooemium</h3><p title="II-II q. 149 pr."><a name="44939"><span class="ref">[44939] IIª-IIae, q. 149 pr.</span></a> Deinde
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1459 considerandum est de sobrietate, et vitio opposito, scilicet
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1460 ebrietate. Et circa sobrietatem quaeruntur quatuor. Primo, quae sit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1461 materia sobrietatis. Secundo, utrum sit specialis virtus. Tertio,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1462 utrum usus vini sit licitus. Quarto, quibus praecipue competat
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
1463 sobrietas.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 1</h3><p title="II-II q. 149 a. 1 arg. 1"><a name="44940"><span class="ref">[44940] IIª-IIae, q. 149 a. 1 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1464 primum sic proceditur. Videtur quod materia propria sobrietatis non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1465 sit potus. Dicitur enim Rom. XII. <i>Non plus sapere quam oportet
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1466 sapere, sed sapere ad sobrietatem</i>. Ergo sobrietas est etiam
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
1467 circa sapientiam, et non solum circa potum.</p><p title="II-II q. 149 a. 1 arg. 2"><a name="44941"><span class="ref">[44941] IIª-IIae, q. 149 a. 1 arg. 2</span></a>
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1468 Praeterea, Sap. VIII dicitur de Dei sapientia quod <i>sobrietatem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1469 et prudentiam docet, iustitiam et virtutem</i>, ubi sobrietatem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1470 ponit pro temperantia. Sed temperantia non solum est circa potus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1471 sed etiam circa cibos et venerea. Ergo sobrietas non solum est
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
1472 circa potus.</p><p title="II-II q. 149 a. 1 arg. 3"><a name="44942"><span class="ref">[44942] IIª-IIae, q. 149 a. 1 arg. 3</span></a>
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1473 Praeterea, nomen sobrietatis a mensura sumptum esse videtur. Sed in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1474 omnibus quae ad nos pertinent debemus mensuram servare, unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1475 dicitur Tit. II, <i>sobrie et iuste et pie vivamus</i>, ubi dicit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1476 Glossa, <i>sobrie, in nobis</i>, et I ad Tim. II dicitur,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1477 <i>mulieres in habitu ornato, cum verecundia et sobrietate ornantes
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1478 se</i>, et sic videtur sobrietas esse non solum in interioribus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1479 sed etiam in his quae pertinent ad exteriorem habitum. Non ergo
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
1480 propria materia sobrietatis est potus.</p><p title="II-II q. 149 a. 1 s. c."><a name="44943"><span class="ref">[44943] IIª-IIae, q. 149 a. 1 s. c.</span></a> Sed
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1481 contra est quod dicitur Eccli. XXXI, <i>aequa vita hominis vinum in
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
1482 sobrietate potatum</i>.</p><p title="II-II q. 149 a. 1 co."><a name="44944"><span class="ref">[44944] IIª-IIae, q. 149 a. 1 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1483 dicendum quod virtutes quae ab aliqua generali conditione virtutis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1484 nominantur, illam materiam specialiter sibi vindicant in qua
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1485 difficillimum et optimum est conditionem huiusmodi observare, sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1486 fortitudo pericula mortis, et temperantia delectationes tactus.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1487 Nomen autem sobrietatis sumitur a mensura, dicitur enim aliquis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1488 sobrius quasi briam, idest mensuram, servans. Et ideo illam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1489 materiam specialiter sibi sobrietas adscribit in qua maxime
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1490 laudabile est mensuram servare. Huiusmodi autem est potus inebriare
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1491 valens, quia eius usus mensuratus multum confert, et modicus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1492 excessus multum laedit, quia impedit usum rationis, magis etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1493 quam excessus cibi. Unde dicitur Eccli. XXXI, <i>sanitas est animae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1494 et corporis sobrius potus. Vinum multum potatum irritationem et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1495 iram et ruinas multas facit</i>. Et ideo specialiter sobrietas
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1496 attenditur circa potum, non quemcumque, sed eum qui sua fumositate
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1497 natus est caput conturbare, sicut vinum et omne quod inebriare
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1498 potest. Communiter autem sumendo nomen sobrietatis, potest in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1499 quacumque materia dici, sicut et supra dictum est de fortitudine et
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
1500 temperantia.</p><p title="II-II q. 149 a. 1 ad 1"><a name="44945"><span class="ref">[44945] IIª-IIae, q. 149 a. 1 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1501 ergo dicendum quod, sicut vinum materiale corporaliter inebriat,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1502 ita etiam metaphorice consideratio sapientiae dicitur potus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1503 inebrians, propter hoc quod sua delectatione animum allicit,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1504 secundum illud Psalmi, <i>calix meus inebrians quam praeclarus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1505 est</i>, et ideo circa contemplationem sapientiae per similitudinem
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
1506 quandam sobrietas dicitur.</p><p title="II-II q. 149 a. 1 ad 2"><a name="44946"><span class="ref">[44946] IIª-IIae, q. 149 a. 1 ad 2</span></a> Ad
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1507 secundum dicendum quod omnia quae ad temperantiam proprie
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1508 pertinent, necessaria sunt praesenti vitae, et eorum excessus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1509 nocet. Et ideo in omnibus necessarium est adhibere mensuram, quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1510 pertinet ad officium sobrietatis. Propter quod nomine sobrietatis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1511 temperantia significatur. Sed modicus excessus in potu plus nocet
53
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parents: 28
diff changeset
1512 quam in aliis. Et ideo sobrietas specialiter est circa potum.</p><p title="II-II q. 149 a. 1 ad 3"><a name="44947"><span class="ref">[44947] IIª-IIae, q. 149 a. 1 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1513 dicendum quod, quamvis mensura in omnibus requiratur, non tamen
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1514 sobrietas proprie in omnibus dicitur, sed in quibus mensura est
53
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parents: 28
diff changeset
1515 maxime necessaria.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 2</h3><p title="II-II q. 149 a. 2 arg. 1"><a name="44948"><span class="ref">[44948] IIª-IIae, q. 149 a. 2 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1516 secundum sic proceditur. Videtur quod sobrietas non sit per se
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1517 quaedam specialis virtus. Abstinentia enim attenditur et circa
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1518 cibos et potus. Sed circa cibos specialiter non est aliqua
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1519 specialis virtus. Ergo nec sobrietas, quae est circa potus, est
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
1520 specialis virtus.</p><p title="II-II q. 149 a. 2 arg. 2"><a name="44949"><span class="ref">[44949] IIª-IIae, q. 149 a. 2 arg. 2</span></a>
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1521 Praeterea, abstinentia et gula sunt circa delectationes tactus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1522 inquantum est sensus alimenti. Sed cibus et potus simul cedunt in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1523 alimentum, simul enim indiget animal nutriri humido et sicco. Ergo
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
1524 sobrietas, quae est circa potum, non est specialis virtus.</p><p title="II-II q. 149 a. 2 arg. 3"><a name="44950"><span class="ref">[44950] IIª-IIae, q. 149 a. 2 arg. 3</span></a>
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1525 Praeterea, sicut in his quae ad nutritionem pertinent distinguitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1526 potus a cibo, ita etiam distinguuntur diversa genera ciborum et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1527 diversa genera potuum. Si ergo sobrietas esset per se quaedam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1528 specialis virtus, videtur quod circa quamlibet differentiam potus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1529 vel cibi sit quaedam specialis virtus, quod est inconveniens. Non
53
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ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
1530 ergo videtur quod sobrietas sit specialis virtus.</p><p title="II-II q. 149 a. 2 s. c."><a name="44951"><span class="ref">[44951] IIª-IIae, q. 149 a. 2 s. c.</span></a> Sed
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1531 contra est quod Macrobius ponit sobrietatem specialem partem
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
1532 temperantiae.</p><p title="II-II q. 149 a. 2 co."><a name="44952"><span class="ref">[44952] IIª-IIae, q. 149 a. 2 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1533 dicendum quod, sicut supra dictum est, ad virtutem moralem pertinet
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1534 conservare bonum rationis contra ea quibus potest impediri, et
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1535 ideo, ubi invenitur speciale impedimentum rationis, ibi necesse est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1536 esse specialem virtutem ad illud removendum. Potus autem inebrians
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1537 habet specialem rationem impediendi rationis usum, inquantum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1538 scilicet perturbat cerebrum sua fumositate. Et ideo, ad removendum
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1539 hoc impedimentum rationis, requiritur specialis virtus, quae est
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
1540 sobrietas.</p><p title="II-II q. 149 a. 2 ad 1"><a name="44953"><span class="ref">[44953] IIª-IIae, q. 149 a. 2 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1541 ergo dicendum quod cibus et potus communiter impedire possunt bonum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1542 rationis absorbendo eam per immoderantiam delectationis. Et quantum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1543 ad hoc, communiter circa cibum et potum est abstinentia. Sed potus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1544 inebriare valens impedit speciali ratione, ut dictum est. Et ideo
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
1545 requirit specialem virtutem.</p><p title="II-II q. 149 a. 2 ad 2"><a name="44954"><span class="ref">[44954] IIª-IIae, q. 149 a. 2 ad 2</span></a> Ad
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1546 secundum dicendum quod virtus abstinentiae non est circa cibos et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1547 potus inquantum sunt nutritiva, sed inquantum impediunt rationem.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1548 Et ideo non oportet quod specialitas virtutis attendatur secundum
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
1549 rationem nutritionis.</p><p title="II-II q. 149 a. 2 ad 3"><a name="44955"><span class="ref">[44955] IIª-IIae, q. 149 a. 2 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1550 dicendum quod in omnibus potibus inebriare valentibus est una et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1551 eadem ratio impediendi usum rationis. Et sic illa potuum diversitas
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1552 per accidens se habet ad virtutem. Et propter hoc, secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1553 huiusmodi diversitatem virtutes non diversificantur. Et eadem ratio
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
1554 est de diversitate ciborum.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 3</h3><p title="II-II q. 149 a. 3 arg. 1"><a name="44956"><span class="ref">[44956] IIª-IIae, q. 149 a. 3 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1555 tertium sic proceditur. Videtur quod usus vini totaliter sit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1556 illicitus. Sine sapientia enim non potest aliquis esse in statu
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1557 salutis, dicitur enim Sap. VII, <i>neminem diligit Deus nisi qui
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1558 cum sapientia inhabitat</i>; et infra, IX, <i>per sapientiam sanati
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1559 sunt quicumque placuerunt tibi a principio</i>. Sed usus vini
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1560 impedit sapientiam, dicitur enim Eccle. II, <i>cogitavi abstrahere
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1561 a vino carnem meam, ut transferrem animam meam ad sapientiam</i>.
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
1562 Ergo potus vini est universaliter illicitus.</p><p title="II-II q. 149 a. 3 arg. 2"><a name="44957"><span class="ref">[44957] IIª-IIae, q. 149 a. 3 arg. 2</span></a>
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1563 Praeterea, apostolus dicit, Rom. XIV, <i>bonum est non manducare
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1564 carnem et non bibere vinum, neque in quo frater tuus offenditur aut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1565 scandalizatur aut infirmatur</i>. Sed cessare a bono virtutis est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1566 vitiosum, et similiter fratribus scandalum ponere. Ergo uti vino
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
1567 est illicitum.</p><p title="II-II q. 149 a. 3 arg. 3"><a name="44958"><span class="ref">[44958] IIª-IIae, q. 149 a. 3 arg. 3</span></a>
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1568 Praeterea, Hieronymus dicit quod <i>vinum cum carnibus post
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1569 diluvium est dedicatum, Christus autem venit in fine saeculorum, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1570 extremitatem retraxit ad principium</i>. Ergo, tempore Christianae
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
1571 legis, videtur esse illicitum vino uti.</p><p title="II-II q. 149 a. 3 s. c."><a name="44959"><span class="ref">[44959] IIª-IIae, q. 149 a. 3 s. c.</span></a> Sed
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1572 contra est quod apostolus dicit, I ad Tim. V, <i>noli adhuc aquam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1573 bibere, sed modico vino utere, propter stomachum tuum et frequentes
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1574 infirmitates</i>. Et Eccli. XXXI dicitur, <i>exultatio animae et
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
1575 cordis vinum moderate potatum</i>.</p><p title="II-II q. 149 a. 3 co."><a name="44960"><span class="ref">[44960] IIª-IIae, q. 149 a. 3 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1576 dicendum quod nullus cibus vel potus, secundum se consideratus, est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1577 illicitus, secundum sententiam domini dicentis, Matth. XV, <i>nihil
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1578 quod intrat in os, coinquinat hominem</i>. Et ideo bibere vinum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1579 secundum se loquendo, non est illicitum. Potest tamen illicitum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1580 reddi per accidens. Quandoque quidem ex conditione bibentis, qui a
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1581 vino de facili laeditur, vel qui ex speciali voto obligatur ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1582 vinum non bibendum. Quandoque autem ex modo bibendi, quia scilicet
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1583 mensuram in bibendo excedit. Quandoque autem ex parte aliorum, qui
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
1584 ex hoc scandalizarentur.</p><p title="II-II q. 149 a. 3 ad 1"><a name="44961"><span class="ref">[44961] IIª-IIae, q. 149 a. 3 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1585 ergo dicendum quod sapientia potest haberi dupliciter. Uno modo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1586 secundum modum communem, prout sufficit ad salutem. Et sic non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1587 requiritur ad sapientiam habendam quod aliquis a vino omnino
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1588 abstineat, sed quod abstineat ab immoderato usu vini. Alio modo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1589 secundum quendam perfectionis gradum. Et sic requiritur in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1590 aliquibus, ad perfecte sapientiam percipiendam, quod omnino a vino
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1591 abstineant, secundum conditiones quarundam personarum et
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
1592 locorum.</p><p title="II-II q. 149 a. 3 ad 2"><a name="44962"><span class="ref">[44962] IIª-IIae, q. 149 a. 3 ad 2</span></a> Ad
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1593 secundum dicendum quod apostolus non simpliciter dicit bonum esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1594 abstinere a vino, sed in casu in quo ex hoc aliqui
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
1595 scandalizantur.</p><p title="II-II q. 149 a. 3 ad 3"><a name="44963"><span class="ref">[44963] IIª-IIae, q. 149 a. 3 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1596 dicendum quod Christus retrahit nos a quibusdam sicut omnino
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1597 illicitis, a quibusdam vero sicut ab impedimentis perfectionis. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1598 hoc modo retrahit aliquos a vino studio perfectionis, sicut et a
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
1599 divitiis et aliis huiusmodi.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 4</h3><p title="II-II q. 149 a. 4 arg. 1"><a name="44964"><span class="ref">[44964] IIª-IIae, q. 149 a. 4 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1600 quartum sic proceditur. Videtur quod sobrietas magis requiratur in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1601 maioribus personis. Senectus enim excellentiam quandam homini
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1602 praestat, unde et senibus reverentia et honor debetur, secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1603 illud Levit. XIX, <i>coram cano capite consurge, et honora personam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1604 senis</i>. Sed apostolus specialiter senes dicit esse ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1605 sobrietatem exhortandos, secundum illud Tit. II, <i>senes, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1606 sobrii sint</i>. Ergo sobrietas maxime requiritur in
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
1607 excellentioribus personis.</p><p title="II-II q. 149 a. 4 arg. 2"><a name="44965"><span class="ref">[44965] IIª-IIae, q. 149 a. 4 arg. 2</span></a>
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1608 Praeterea, episcopus in Ecclesia excellentissimum gradum habet. Cui
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1609 per apostolum indicitur sobrietas, secundum illud I ad Tim. III,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1610 <i>oportet episcopum irreprehensibilem esse, unius uxoris virum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1611 sobrium, prudentem,</i> et cetera. Ergo sobrietas maxime requiritur
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
1612 in personis excellentibus.</p><p title="II-II q. 149 a. 4 arg. 3"><a name="44966"><span class="ref">[44966] IIª-IIae, q. 149 a. 4 arg. 3</span></a>
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1613 Praeterea, sobrietas importat abstinentiam a vino. Sed vinum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1614 interdicitur regibus, qui tenent summum locum in rebus humanis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1615 conceditur autem his qui sunt in statu deiectionis, secundum illud
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1616 Prov. XXXI, <i>noli regibus dare vinum</i>; et postea subdit,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1617 <i>date siceram moerentibus, et vinum his qui amaro animo sunt</i>.
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
1618 Ergo sobrietas magis requiritur in excellentioribus personis.</p><p title="II-II q. 149 a. 4 s. c."><a name="44967"><span class="ref">[44967] IIª-IIae, q. 149 a. 4 s. c.</span></a> Sed
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1619 contra est quod apostolus, I ad Tim. III, dicit, <i>mulieres
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1620 similiter pudicas, sobrias,</i> et cetera. Et Tit. II dicitur,
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
1621 <i>iuvenes similiter hortare ut sobrii sint</i>.</p><p title="II-II q. 149 a. 4 co."><a name="44968"><span class="ref">[44968] IIª-IIae, q. 149 a. 4 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1622 dicendum quod virtus habet habitudinem ad duo, uno quidem modo, ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1623 contraria vitia quae excludit, et concupiscentias quas refrenat;
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1624 alio modo, ad finem in quem perducit. Sic igitur aliqua virtus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1625 magis requiritur in aliquibus duplici ratione. Uno modo, quia in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1626 eis est maior pronitas ad concupiscentias quas oportet per virtutem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1627 refrenari, et ad vitia quae per virtutem tolluntur. Et secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1628 hoc, sobrietas maxime requiritur in iuvenibus et mulieribus, quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1629 in iuvenibus viget concupiscentia delectabilis, propter fervorem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1630 aetatis; in mulieribus autem non est sufficiens robur mentis ad hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1631 quod concupiscentiis resistant unde, secundum maximum Valerium,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1632 mulieres apud Romanos antiquitus non bibebant vinum. Alio vero modo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1633 sobrietas magis requiritur in aliquibus utpote magis necessaria ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1634 propriam operationem ipsorum. Vinum autem immoderate sumptum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1635 praecipue impedit usum rationis. Et ideo senibus, in quibus ratio
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1636 debet vigere ad aliorum eruditionem; et episcopis, seu quibuslibet
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1637 Ecclesiae ministris, qui mente devota debent spiritualibus officiis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1638 insistere; et regibus, qui per sapientiam debent populum subditum
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
1639 gubernare, specialiter sobrietas indicitur.</p><p title="II-II q. 149 a. 4 ad arg."><a name="44969"><span class="ref">[44969] IIª-IIae, q. 149 a. 4 ad arg.</span></a> Et per
59
03759e5c1080 fix multi-para s.c.
ht
parents: 53
diff changeset
1640 hoc patet responsio ad obiecta.</p></div></div><div id="q150" class="q"><h2>Quaestio 150</h2><div class="p"><h3>Prooemium</h3><p title="II-II q. 150 pr."><a name="44970"><span class="ref">[44970] IIª-IIae, q. 150 pr.</span></a> Deinde
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1641 considerandum est de ebrietate. Et circa hoc quaeruntur quatuor.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1642 Primo, utrum ebrietas sit peccatum. Secundo, utrum sit peccatum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1643 mortale. Tertio, utrum sit gravissimum peccatorum. Quarto, utrum
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
1644 excuset a peccato.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 1</h3><p title="II-II q. 150 a. 1 arg. 1"><a name="44971"><span class="ref">[44971] IIª-IIae, q. 150 a. 1 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1645 primum sic proceditur. Videtur quod ebrietas non sit peccatum. Omne
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1646 enim peccatum habet aliud peccatum sibi oppositum, sicut timiditati
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1647 audacia, et pusillanimitati praesumptio opponitur. Sed ebrietati
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
1648 nullum peccatum opponitur. Ergo ebrietas non est peccatum.</p><p title="II-II q. 150 a. 1 arg. 2"><a name="44972"><span class="ref">[44972] IIª-IIae, q. 150 a. 1 arg. 2</span></a>
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1649 Praeterea, omne peccatum est voluntarium. Sed nullus vult esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1650 ebrius, quia nullus vult privari usu rationis. Ergo ebrietas non
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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diff changeset
1651 est peccatum.</p><p title="II-II q. 150 a. 1 arg. 3"><a name="44973"><span class="ref">[44973] IIª-IIae, q. 150 a. 1 arg. 3</span></a>
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1652 Praeterea, quicumque est alteri causa peccandi, peccat. Si ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1653 ebrietas esset peccatum, sequeretur quod illi qui alios invitant ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1654 potum quo inebriantur, peccarent. Quod videtur esse valde
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
1655 durum.</p><p title="II-II q. 150 a. 1 arg. 4"><a name="44974"><span class="ref">[44974] IIª-IIae, q. 150 a. 1 arg. 4</span></a>
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1656 Praeterea, omnibus peccatis correctio debetur. Sed ebriis non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1657 adhibetur correctio, dicit enim Gregorius quod <i>cum venia suo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1658 ingenio sunt relinquendi, ne deteriores fiant si a tali
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
1659 consuetudine evellantur</i>. Ergo ebrietas non est peccatum.</p><p title="II-II q. 150 a. 1 s. c."><a name="44975"><span class="ref">[44975] IIª-IIae, q. 150 a. 1 s. c.</span></a> Sed
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1660 contra est quod apostolus dicit, Rom. XIII, <i>non in
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
1661 comessationibus et ebrietatibus</i>.</p><p title="II-II q. 150 a. 1 co."><a name="44976"><span class="ref">[44976] IIª-IIae, q. 150 a. 1 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1662 dicendum quod ebrietas dupliciter accipi potest. Uno modo, prout
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1663 significat ipsum defectum hominis qui accidit ex multo vino potato,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1664 ex quo fit ut non sit compos rationis. Et secundum hoc, ebrietas
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1665 non nominat culpam, sed defectum poenalem consequentem ex culpa.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1666 Alio modo ebrietas potest nominare actum quo quis in hunc defectum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1667 incidit. Qui potest causare ebrietatem dupliciter. Uno modo, ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1668 nimia vini fortitudine, praeter opinionem bibentis. Et sic etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1669 ebrietas potest accidere sine peccato, praecipue si non ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1670 negligentia hominis contingat, et sic creditur Noe inebriatus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1671 fuisse, ut legitur Gen. IX. Alio modo, ex inordinata concupiscentia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1672 et usu vini. Et sic ebrietas ponitur esse peccatum. Et continetur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1673 sub gula sicut species sub genere, dividitur enim gula in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1674 comessationem et ebrietatem, quae prohibet apostolus in auctoritate
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
1675 inducta.</p><p title="II-II q. 150 a. 1 ad 1"><a name="44977"><span class="ref">[44977] IIª-IIae, q. 150 a. 1 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1676 ergo dicendum quod, sicut philosophus dicit, in III Ethic.,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1677 insensibilitas, quae opponitur temperantiae, non multum contingit.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1678 Et ideo tam ipsa quam omnes eius species, quae opponuntur diversis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1679 speciebus intemperantiae, nomine carent. Unde et vitium quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1680 opponitur ebrietati innominatum est. Et tamen si quis scienter in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1681 tantum a vino abstineret ut naturam multum gravaret, a culpa
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
1682 immunis non esset.</p><p title="II-II q. 150 a. 1 ad 2"><a name="44978"><span class="ref">[44978] IIª-IIae, q. 150 a. 1 ad 2</span></a> Ad
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1683 secundum dicendum quod obiectio illa procedit de defectu
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1684 consequente, qui est involuntarius. Sed immoderatus usus vini est
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
1685 voluntarius, in quo consistit ratio peccati.</p><p title="II-II q. 150 a. 1 ad 3"><a name="44979"><span class="ref">[44979] IIª-IIae, q. 150 a. 1 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1686 dicendum quod, sicut ille qui inebriatur excusatur a peccato si
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1687 ignorat fortitudinem vini, ita etiam ille qui invitat aliquem ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1688 bibendum excusatur a peccato si ignoret talem esse conditionem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1689 bibentis ut ex hoc potu inebrietur. Sed si ignorantia desit, neuter
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
1690 a peccato excusatur.</p><p title="II-II q. 150 a. 1 ad 4"><a name="44980"><span class="ref">[44980] IIª-IIae, q. 150 a. 1 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1691 dicendum quod aliquando correctio peccatoris est intermittenda, ne
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1692 fiat inde deterior, ut supra dictum est. Unde Augustinus dicit, in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1693 epistola ad Aurelium episcopum, de comessationibus et ebrietatibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1694 loquens, <i>non aspere, quantum aestimo, non dure, non imperiose
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1695 ista tolluntur, sed magis docendo quam iubendo, magis monendo quam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1696 minando. Sic enim agendum est cum multitudine peccantium, severitas
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
1697 autem exercenda est in peccato paucorum</i>.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 2</h3><p title="II-II q. 150 a. 2 arg. 1"><a name="44981"><span class="ref">[44981] IIª-IIae, q. 150 a. 2 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1698 secundum sic proceditur. Videtur quod ebrietas non sit peccatum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1699 mortale. Augustinus enim, in sermone de Purgatorio, dicit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1700 ebrietatem esse peccatum mortale, si sit assidua. Sed assiduitas
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1701 importat circumstantiam quae non trahit in aliam speciem peccati,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1702 et sic non potest in infinitum aggravare, ut de veniali faciat
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1703 mortale, sicut ex supra dictis patet. Ergo, si alias ebrietas non
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
1704 est peccatum mortale, nec hoc etiam modo erit peccatum mortale.</p><p title="II-II q. 150 a. 2 arg. 2"><a name="44982"><span class="ref">[44982] IIª-IIae, q. 150 a. 2 arg. 2</span></a>
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1705 Praeterea, Augustinus, in eodem sermone, dicit, <i>quoties aliquis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1706 in cibo aut potu plus accipit quam necesse est, ad minuta peccata
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1707 noverit pertinere</i>. Peccata autem minuta dicuntur venialia. Ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1708 ebrietas, quae causatur ex immoderato potu, est peccatum
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
1709 veniale.</p><p title="II-II q. 150 a. 2 arg. 3"><a name="44983"><span class="ref">[44983] IIª-IIae, q. 150 a. 2 arg. 3</span></a>
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1710 Praeterea, nullum peccatum mortale est faciendum propter medicinam.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1711 Sed aliqui superflue bibunt secundum consilium medicinae, ut postea
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1712 per vomitum purgentur; et ex hoc superfluo potu sequitur ebrietas.
53
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parents: 28
diff changeset
1713 Ergo ebrietas non est peccatum mortale.</p><p title="II-II q. 150 a. 2 s. c."><a name="44984"><span class="ref">[44984] IIª-IIae, q. 150 a. 2 s. c.</span></a> Sed
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1714 contra est quod in canonibus apostolorum legitur, <i>episcopus aut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1715 presbyter aut diaconus aleae aut ebrietati deserviens, aut desinat
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1716 aut deponatur. Subdiaconus autem aut lector aut cantor similia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1717 faciens, aut desinat aut communione privetur. Similiter et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1718 laicus</i>. Sed tales poenae non infliguntur nisi pro peccato
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
1719 mortali. Ergo ebrietas est peccatum mortale.</p><p title="II-II q. 150 a. 2 co."><a name="44985"><span class="ref">[44985] IIª-IIae, q. 150 a. 2 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1720 dicendum quod culpa ebrietatis, sicut dictum est, consistit in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1721 immoderato usu et concupiscentia vini. Hoc autem contingit esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1722 tripliciter. Uno modo, sic quod nesciat potum esse immoderatum et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1723 inebriare potentem. Et sic ebrietas potest accipi sine peccato, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1724 dictum est. Alio modo, sic quod aliquis percipiat potum esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1725 immoderatum, non tamen aestimet potum esse inebriare potentem. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1726 sic ebrietas potest esse cum peccato veniali. Tertio modo, potest
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1727 contingere quod aliquis bene advertat potum esse immoderatum et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1728 inebriantem, et tamen magis vult ebrietatem incurrere quam a potu
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1729 abstinere. Et talis proprie dicitur ebrius, quia moralia recipiunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1730 speciem non ab his quae per accidens eveniunt praeter intentionem,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1731 sed ab eo quod est per se intentum. Et sic ebrietas est peccatum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1732 mortale. Quia secundum hoc, homo volens et sciens privat se usu
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1733 rationis, quo secundum virtutem operatur et peccata declinat, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1734 sic peccat mortaliter, periculo peccandi se committens. Dicit enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1735 Ambrosius, in libro de patriarchis, <i>vitandam dicimus ebrietatem,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1736 per quam crimina cavere non possumus, nam quae sobrii cavemus, per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1737 ebrietatem ignorantes committimus</i>. Unde ebrietas, per se
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
1738 loquendo, est peccatum mortale.</p><p title="II-II q. 150 a. 2 ad 1"><a name="44986"><span class="ref">[44986] IIª-IIae, q. 150 a. 2 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1739 ergo dicendum quod assiduitas facit ebrietatem esse peccatum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1740 mortale, non propter solam iterationem actus, sed quia non potest
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1741 esse quod homo assidue inebrietur quin sciens et volens ebrietatem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1742 incurrat, dum multoties experitur fortitudinem vini, et suam
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
1743 habilitatem ad ebrietatem.</p><p title="II-II q. 150 a. 2 ad 2"><a name="44987"><span class="ref">[44987] IIª-IIae, q. 150 a. 2 ad 2</span></a> Ad
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1744 secundum dicendum quod plus sumere in cibo vel potu quam necesse
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1745 sit, pertinet ad vitium gulae, quae non semper est peccatum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1746 mortale. Sed plus sumere in potu scienter usque ad ebrietatem, hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1747 est peccatum mortale. Unde Augustinus dicit, in X Confess.,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1748 <i>ebrietas longe est a me, misereberis ne appropinquet mihi,
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
1749 crapula autem nonnumquam subrepsit servo tuo</i>.</p><p title="II-II q. 150 a. 2 ad 3"><a name="44988"><span class="ref">[44988] IIª-IIae, q. 150 a. 2 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1750 dicendum quod, sicut dictum est, cibus et potus est moderandus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1751 secundum quod competit corporis valetudini. Et ideo sicut quandoque
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1752 contingit ut cibus vel potus qui est moderatus sano, sit superfluus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1753 infirmo; ita etiam potest e converso contingere ut ille qui est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1754 superfluus sano, sit moderatus infirmo. Et hoc modo, cum aliquis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1755 multum comedit vel bibit secundum consilium medicinae ad vomitum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1756 provocandum, non est reputandus superfluus cibus vel potus. Nec
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1757 tamen requiritur ad vomitum provocandum quod sit potus inebrians,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1758 quia etiam potus aquae tepidae vomitum causat. Et ideo propter hanc
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
1759 causam non excusaretur aliquis ab ebrietate.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 3</h3><p title="II-II q. 150 a. 3 arg. 1"><a name="44989"><span class="ref">[44989] IIª-IIae, q. 150 a. 3 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1760 tertium sic proceditur. Videtur quod ebrietas sit gravissimum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1761 peccatorum. Dicit enim Chrysostomus quod <i>nihil ita est Daemoni
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1762 amicum sicut ebrietas et lascivia, quae est mater omnium
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1763 vitiorum</i>. Et in decretis dicitur, dist. XXXV, <i>ante omnia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1764 clericis vitetur ebrietas, quae omnium vitiorum radix et nutrix
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
1765 est</i>.</p><p title="II-II q. 150 a. 3 arg. 2"><a name="44990"><span class="ref">[44990] IIª-IIae, q. 150 a. 3 arg. 2</span></a>
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1766 Praeterea, ex hoc dicitur aliquid esse peccatum quod bonum rationis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1767 excludit. Sed hoc maxime facit ebrietas. Ergo ebrietas est maximum
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
1768 peccatorum.</p><p title="II-II q. 150 a. 3 arg. 3"><a name="44991"><span class="ref">[44991] IIª-IIae, q. 150 a. 3 arg. 3</span></a>
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1769 Praeterea, magnitudo culpae ex magnitudine poenae ostenditur. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1770 ebrietas videtur esse maxime punita, dicit enim Ambrosius quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1771 <i>non esset in homine servitus, si non fuisset ebrietas</i>. Ergo
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
1772 ebrietas est maximum peccatorum.</p><p title="II-II q. 150 a. 3 s. c."><a name="44992"><span class="ref">[44992] IIª-IIae, q. 150 a. 3 s. c.</span></a> Sed
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1773 contra est quod, secundum Gregorium, vitia spiritualia sunt maiora
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1774 quam carnalia. Sed ebrietas continetur inter vitia carnalia ergo
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
1775 non est maximum peccatorum.</p><p title="II-II q. 150 a. 3 co."><a name="44993"><span class="ref">[44993] IIª-IIae, q. 150 a. 3 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1776 dicendum quod ex hoc dicitur aliquid esse malum, quod privat bonum.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1777 Unde quanto maius est bonum quod privatur per malum, tanto malum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1778 gravius est. Manifestum est autem quod bonum divinum est maius quam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1779 bonum humanum. Et ideo peccata quae sunt directe contra Deum, sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1780 graviora peccato ebrietatis, quod directe opponitur bono rationis
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
1781 humanae.</p><p title="II-II q. 150 a. 3 ad 1"><a name="44994"><span class="ref">[44994] IIª-IIae, q. 150 a. 3 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1782 ergo dicendum quod ad peccata intemperantiae maxime homo habet
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1783 pronitatem, propter hoc quod huiusmodi concupiscentiae et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1784 delectationes sunt nobis connaturales. Et secundum hoc, dicuntur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1785 huiusmodi peccata esse maxime amica Diabolo, non quia sint aliis
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
1786 graviora, sed quia sunt apud homines frequentiora.</p><p title="II-II q. 150 a. 3 ad 2"><a name="44995"><span class="ref">[44995] IIª-IIae, q. 150 a. 3 ad 2</span></a> Ad
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1787 secundum dicendum quod bonum rationis impeditur dupliciter, uno
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1788 modo, per id quod est contrarium rationi; alio modo, per id quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1789 aufert usum rationis. Plus autem habet de ratione mali id quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1790 contrariatur rationi, quam quod ad horam usum rationis aufert usus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1791 enim rationis potest esse et bonus et malus, qui tollitur per
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diff changeset
1792 ebrietatem; sed bona virtutum, quae tolluntur per ea quae
53
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1793 contrariantur rationi, sunt semper bona.</p><p title="II-II q. 150 a. 3 ad 3"><a name="44996"><span class="ref">[44996] IIª-IIae, q. 150 a. 3 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
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diff changeset
1794 dicendum quod servitus est consecuta ex ebrietate occasionaliter,
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diff changeset
1795 inquantum Cham maledictionem servitutis in sua posteritate accepit
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diff changeset
1796 propter hoc quod irrisit patrem inebriatum. Non autem servitus fuit
53
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1797 directe poena ebrietatis.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 4</h3><p title="II-II q. 150 a. 4 arg. 1"><a name="44997"><span class="ref">[44997] IIª-IIae, q. 150 a. 4 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
28
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diff changeset
1798 quartum sic proceditur. Videtur quod ebrietas non excuset a
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diff changeset
1799 peccato. Dicit enim philosophus, in III Ethic., quod <i>ebrius
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diff changeset
1800 meretur duplices maledictiones</i>. Ergo ebrietas magis aggravat
53
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1801 peccatum quam excuset.</p><p title="II-II q. 150 a. 4 arg. 2"><a name="44998"><span class="ref">[44998] IIª-IIae, q. 150 a. 4 arg. 2</span></a>
28
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diff changeset
1802 Praeterea, peccatum non excusatur per peccatum, sed magis augetur.
53
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diff changeset
1803 Ebrietas autem est peccatum. Ergo non excusat a peccato.</p><p title="II-II q. 150 a. 4 arg. 3"><a name="44999"><span class="ref">[44999] IIª-IIae, q. 150 a. 4 arg. 3</span></a>
28
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diff changeset
1804 Praeterea, philosophus dicit, in VII Ethic., quod sicut ratio
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diff changeset
1805 hominis ligatur per ebrietatem, ita etiam ligatur per
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diff changeset
1806 concupiscentiam. Sed concupiscentia non excusat a peccato. Ergo
53
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diff changeset
1807 etiam neque ebrietas.</p><p title="II-II q. 150 a. 4 s. c."><a name="45000"><span class="ref">[45000] IIª-IIae, q. 150 a. 4 s. c.</span></a> Sed
28
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diff changeset
1808 contra est quod Lot excusatur ab incestu propter ebrietatem, ut
53
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1809 dicit Augustinus, contra Faustum.</p><p title="II-II q. 150 a. 4 co."><a name="45001"><span class="ref">[45001] IIª-IIae, q. 150 a. 4 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
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diff changeset
1810 dicendum quod in ebrietate duo attenduntur, sicut dictum est,
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diff changeset
1811 scilicet defectus consequens, et actus praecedens. Ex parte autem
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diff changeset
1812 defectus consequentis, in quo ligatur usus rationis, ebrietas habet
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diff changeset
1813 excusare peccatum, inquantum causat involuntarium per ignorantiam.
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diff changeset
1814 Sed ex parte actus praecedentis, videtur esse distinguendum. Quia
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diff changeset
1815 si ex actu illo praecedente subsecuta est ebrietas sine peccato,
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diff changeset
1816 tunc peccatum sequens totaliter excusatur a culpa, sicut forte
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diff changeset
1817 accidit de Lot. Si autem actus praecedens fuit culpabilis, sic non
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diff changeset
1818 totaliter aliquis excusatur a peccato sequenti, quod scilicet
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1819 redditur voluntarium ex voluntate praecedentis actus, inquantum
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diff changeset
1820 scilicet aliquis, dans operam rei illicitae, incidit in sequens
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diff changeset
1821 peccatum. Diminuitur tamen peccatum sequens, sicut et diminuitur
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1822 ratio voluntarii. Unde Augustinus dicit, contra Faustum, quod
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diff changeset
1823 <i>Lot culpandus est non quantum ille incestus, sed quantum
53
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diff changeset
1824 ebrietas meruit</i>.</p><p title="II-II q. 150 a. 4 ad 1"><a name="45002"><span class="ref">[45002] IIª-IIae, q. 150 a. 4 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28
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diff changeset
1825 ergo dicendum quod philosophus non dicit quod mereatur graviorem
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diff changeset
1826 maledictionem ebrius, sed quod mereatur duplices maledictiones,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1827 propter duplex peccatum. Vel potest dici quod loquitur secundum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1828 legem cuiusdam Pittaci, qui, ut dicitur in II Polit., statuit quod
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1829 ebrii, si percuterent, plus punirentur quam sobrii, quia pluries
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1830 iniuriantur. In quo, ut ibidem Aristoteles dicit, videtur magis
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1831 respexisse ad utilitatem, ut scilicet cohiberentur iniuriae, quam
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diff changeset
1832 ad veniam quam oportet habere de ebriis, propter hoc quod non sunt
53
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diff changeset
1833 sui compotes.</p><p title="II-II q. 150 a. 4 ad 2"><a name="45003"><span class="ref">[45003] IIª-IIae, q. 150 a. 4 ad 2</span></a> Ad
28
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diff changeset
1834 secundum dicendum quod ebrietas habet excusare peccatum non ex ea
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diff changeset
1835 parte qua est peccatum, sed ex parte defectus consequentis, ut
53
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diff changeset
1836 dictum est.</p><p title="II-II q. 150 a. 4 ad 3"><a name="45004"><span class="ref">[45004] IIª-IIae, q. 150 a. 4 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
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diff changeset
1837 dicendum quod concupiscentia non totaliter ligat rationem, sicut
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diff changeset
1838 ebrietas, nisi forte sit tanta quod faciat hominem insanire. Et
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diff changeset
1839 tamen passio concupiscentiae diminuit peccatum, quia levius est ex
59
03759e5c1080 fix multi-para s.c.
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1840 infirmitate quam ex malitia peccare.</p></div></div><div id="q151" class="q"><h2>Quaestio 151</h2><div class="p"><h3>Prooemium</h3><p title="II-II q. 151 pr."><a name="45005"><span class="ref">[45005] IIª-IIae, q. 151 pr.</span></a> Deinde
28
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1841 considerandum est de castitate. Et primo, de ipsa virtute
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diff changeset
1842 castitatis; secundo, de virginitate, quae est pars castitatis;
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diff changeset
1843 tertio, de luxuria, quae est vitium oppositum. Circa primum
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diff changeset
1844 quaeruntur quatuor. Primo, utrum castitas sit virtus. Secundo,
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diff changeset
1845 utrum sit virtus generalis. Tertio, utrum sit virtus distincta ab
53
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diff changeset
1846 abstinentia. Quarto, quomodo se habeat ad pudicitiam.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 1</h3><p title="II-II q. 151 a. 1 arg. 1"><a name="45006"><span class="ref">[45006] IIª-IIae, q. 151 a. 1 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
28
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diff changeset
1847 primum sic proceditur. Videtur quod castitas non sit virtus.
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diff changeset
1848 Loquimur enim nunc de virtute animae. Sed castitas videtur ad
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1849 corpus pertinere, dicitur enim aliquis castus ex eo quod
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diff changeset
1850 aliqualiter se habet ad usum quarundam corporis partium. Ergo
53
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diff changeset
1851 castitas non est virtus.</p><p title="II-II q. 151 a. 1 arg. 2"><a name="45007"><span class="ref">[45007] IIª-IIae, q. 151 a. 1 arg. 2</span></a>
28
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diff changeset
1852 Praeterea, virtus est habitus voluntarius, ut dicitur in II Ethic.
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diff changeset
1853 Sed castitas non videtur esse aliquid voluntarium, cum per
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diff changeset
1854 violentiam auferri videatur mulieribus violenter oppressis. Ergo
53
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diff changeset
1855 videtur quod castitas non sit virtus.</p><p title="II-II q. 151 a. 1 arg. 3"><a name="45008"><span class="ref">[45008] IIª-IIae, q. 151 a. 1 arg. 3</span></a>
28
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diff changeset
1856 Praeterea, nulla virtus est in infidelibus. Sed aliqui infideles
53
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diff changeset
1857 sunt casti. Non ergo castitas est virtus.</p><p title="II-II q. 151 a. 1 arg. 4"><a name="45009"><span class="ref">[45009] IIª-IIae, q. 151 a. 1 arg. 4</span></a>
28
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diff changeset
1858 Praeterea, fructus a virtutibus distinguuntur. Sed castitas ponitur
53
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diff changeset
1859 inter fructus, ut patet Galat. V. Ergo castitas non est virtus.</p><p title="II-II q. 151 a. 1 s. c."><a name="45010"><span class="ref">[45010] IIª-IIae, q. 151 a. 1 s. c.</span></a> Sed
28
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diff changeset
1860 contra est quod Augustinus dicit, in libro de decem chordis, <i>cum
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diff changeset
1861 debeas in virtute praecedere uxorem, quoniam castitas est virtus,
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diff changeset
1862 tu sub uno impetu libidinis cadis, et vis uxorem tuam esse
53
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diff changeset
1863 victricem</i>.</p><p title="II-II q. 151 a. 1 co."><a name="45011"><span class="ref">[45011] IIª-IIae, q. 151 a. 1 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
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diff changeset
1864 dicendum quod nomen castitatis sumitur ex hoc quod per rationem
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diff changeset
1865 concupiscentia castigatur, quae ad modum pueri est refrenanda, ut
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diff changeset
1866 patet per philosophum, in III Ethic. In hoc autem ratio virtutis
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diff changeset
1867 humanae consistit quod sit aliquid secundum rationem modificatum,
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diff changeset
1868 ut ex supra dictis patet. Unde manifestum est castitatem esse
53
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diff changeset
1869 virtutem.</p><p title="II-II q. 151 a. 1 ad 1"><a name="45012"><span class="ref">[45012] IIª-IIae, q. 151 a. 1 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28
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diff changeset
1870 ergo dicendum quod castitas consistit quidem sicut in subiecto, in
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diff changeset
1871 anima, sed materiam habet in corpore. Pertinet enim ad castitatem
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diff changeset
1872 ut secundum iudicium rationis et electionem voluntatis, aliquis
53
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diff changeset
1873 moderate utatur corporalibus membris.</p><p title="II-II q. 151 a. 1 ad 2"><a name="45013"><span class="ref">[45013] IIª-IIae, q. 151 a. 1 ad 2</span></a> Ad
28
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diff changeset
1874 secundum dicendum quod, sicut Augustinus dicit, in I de Civ. Dei,
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diff changeset
1875 <i>proposito animi permanente, per quod etiam corpus sanctificari
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diff changeset
1876 meruit, nec ipsi corpori aufert sanctitatem violentia libidinis
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diff changeset
1877 alienae, quam servat perseverantia continentiae suae</i>. Et ibidem
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diff changeset
1878 dicit quod est <i>virtus animi, quae comitem habet fortitudinem,
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diff changeset
1879 qua potius quaelibet mala tolerare quam malo consentire
53
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diff changeset
1880 decernit</i>.</p><p title="II-II q. 151 a. 1 ad 3"><a name="45014"><span class="ref">[45014] IIª-IIae, q. 151 a. 1 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
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diff changeset
1881 dicendum quod, sicut Augustinus dicit, in IV contra Iulian.,
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diff changeset
1882 <i>absit ut sit in aliquo vera virtus, nisi fuerit iustus. Absit
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diff changeset
1883 autem ut sit iustus vere, nisi vivat ex fide</i>. Et ideo concludit
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diff changeset
1884 quod in infidelibus neque est vera castitas, neque aliqua alia
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diff changeset
1885 virtus, quia scilicet non referuntur ad debitum finem. Et sicut
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diff changeset
1886 ibidem subdit, non officiis, idest actibus, sed finibus a vitiis
53
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diff changeset
1887 discernuntur virtutes.</p><p title="II-II q. 151 a. 1 ad 4"><a name="45015"><span class="ref">[45015] IIª-IIae, q. 151 a. 1 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
28
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diff changeset
1888 dicendum quod castitas, inquantum est quidem secundum rationem
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diff changeset
1889 operans, habet rationem virtutis, inquantum autem habet
53
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diff changeset
1890 delectationem in suo actu, connumeratur inter fructus.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 2</h3><p title="II-II q. 151 a. 2 arg. 1"><a name="45016"><span class="ref">[45016] IIª-IIae, q. 151 a. 2 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
28
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diff changeset
1891 secundum sic proceditur. Videtur quod castitas sit virtus
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diff changeset
1892 generalis. Dicit enim Augustinus, in libro de mendacio, quod
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diff changeset
1893 <i>castitas animi est ordinatus animi motus, non subdens maiora
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diff changeset
1894 minoribus</i>. Sed hoc pertinet ad quamlibet virtutem. Ergo
53
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diff changeset
1895 castitas est generalis virtus.</p><p title="II-II q. 151 a. 2 arg. 2"><a name="45017"><span class="ref">[45017] IIª-IIae, q. 151 a. 2 arg. 2</span></a>
28
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diff changeset
1896 Praeterea, nomen castitatis a castigatione sumitur. Sed quilibet
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diff changeset
1897 motus appetitivae partis debet castigari a ratione. Cum ergo per
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diff changeset
1898 quamlibet virtutem moralem refrenetur aliquis appetitivus motus,
53
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diff changeset
1899 videtur quod quaelibet virtus moralis sit castitas.</p><p title="II-II q. 151 a. 2 arg. 3"><a name="45018"><span class="ref">[45018] IIª-IIae, q. 151 a. 2 arg. 3</span></a>
28
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diff changeset
1900 Praeterea, castitati fornicatio opponitur. Sed fornicatio videtur
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diff changeset
1901 pertinere ad omne genus peccati, dicitur enim in Psalmo, perdes
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diff changeset
1902 omnes qui fornicantur abs te. Ergo castitas est virtus
53
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diff changeset
1903 generalis.</p><p title="II-II q. 151 a. 2 s. c."><a name="45019"><span class="ref">[45019] IIª-IIae, q. 151 a. 2 s. c.</span></a> Sed
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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diff changeset
1904 contra est quod Macrobius ponit eam partem temperantiae.</p><p title="II-II q. 151 a. 2 co."><a name="45020"><span class="ref">[45020] IIª-IIae, q. 151 a. 2 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
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diff changeset
1905 dicendum quod nomen castitatis dupliciter accipitur. Uno modo,
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diff changeset
1906 proprie. Et sic est quaedam specialis virtus, habens specialem
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diff changeset
1907 materiam, scilicet concupiscentias delectabilium quae sunt in
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diff changeset
1908 venereis. Alio modo nomen castitatis accipitur metaphorice. Sicut
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diff changeset
1909 enim in corporis commixtione consistit delectatio venereorum, circa
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diff changeset
1910 quam proprie est castitas et oppositum vitium, scilicet luxuria;
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diff changeset
1911 ita etiam in quadam spirituali coniunctione mentis ad res aliquas
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diff changeset
1912 consistit quaedam delectatio, circa quam est quaedam spiritualis
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1913 castitas metaphorice dicta, vel etiam spiritualis fornicatio,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1914 similiter metaphorice dicta. Si enim mens hominis delectetur in
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diff changeset
1915 spirituali coniunctione ad id cui debet coniungi, scilicet ad Deum;
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diff changeset
1916 et abstinet se ne delectabiliter aliis coniungatur, contra debitum
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diff changeset
1917 divini ordinis, dicetur castitas spiritualis, secundum illud II ad
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diff changeset
1918 Cor. XI, <i>despondi vos uni viro, virginem castam exhibere
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diff changeset
1919 Christo</i>. Si autem delectabiliter, contra debitum divini
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diff changeset
1920 ordinis, coniungatur mens quibuscumque aliis rebus, dicetur
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diff changeset
1921 fornicatio spiritualis, secundum illud Ierem. III, <i>tu autem
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diff changeset
1922 fornicata es cum amatoribus multis</i>. Et hoc modo accipiendo
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1923 castitatem, castitas est generalis virtus, quia per quamlibet
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diff changeset
1924 virtutem retrahitur mens humana ne rebus illicitis delectabiliter
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1925 coniungatur. Principaliter tamen ratio huius castitatis consistit
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diff changeset
1926 in caritate et in aliis virtutibus theologicis, quibus mens hominis
53
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diff changeset
1927 coniungitur Deo.</p><p title="II-II q. 151 a. 2 ad 1"><a name="45021"><span class="ref">[45021] IIª-IIae, q. 151 a. 2 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28
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diff changeset
1928 ergo dicendum quod ratio illa procedit de castitate metaphorice
53
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diff changeset
1929 dicta.</p><p title="II-II q. 151 a. 2 ad 2"><a name="45022"><span class="ref">[45022] IIª-IIae, q. 151 a. 2 ad 2</span></a> Ad
28
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1930 secundum dicendum quod, sicut supra dictum est, concupiscentia
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1931 delectabilis maxime assimilatur puero, eo quod appetitus
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1932 delectabilis est nobis connaturalis, et praecipue delectabilium
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1933 secundum tactum, quae ordinantur ad conservationem naturae; et inde
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1934 est quod, si nutriatur horum delectabilium concupiscentia per hoc
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1935 quod ei consentiatur, maxime augebitur, sicut puer qui suae
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1936 voluntati relinquitur. Et sic concupiscentia horum delectabilium
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1937 maxime indiget castigari. Et ideo circa huiusmodi concupiscentias
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1938 antonomastice dicitur castitas, sicut et fortitudo est circa ea in
53
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1939 quibus maxime indigemus animi firmitate.</p><p title="II-II q. 151 a. 2 ad 3"><a name="45023"><span class="ref">[45023] IIª-IIae, q. 151 a. 2 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
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1940 dicendum quod obiectio illa procedit de fornicatione spirituali
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diff changeset
1941 metaphorice dicta, quae opponitur spirituali castitati, ut dictum
53
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1942 est.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 3</h3><p title="II-II q. 151 a. 3 arg. 1"><a name="45024"><span class="ref">[45024] IIª-IIae, q. 151 a. 3 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
28
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1943 tertium sic proceditur. Videtur quod castitas non sit virtus
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diff changeset
1944 distincta ab abstinentia. Quia circa materiam unius generis
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diff changeset
1945 sufficit una virtus. Sed unius generis esse videntur quae pertinent
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diff changeset
1946 ad unum sensum. Cum igitur delectatio ciborum, circa quam est
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diff changeset
1947 abstinentia, et delectatio venereorum, circa quam est castitas,
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diff changeset
1948 pertineant ad tactum, videtur quod castitas non sit alia virtus ab
53
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diff changeset
1949 abstinentia.</p><p title="II-II q. 151 a. 3 arg. 2"><a name="45025"><span class="ref">[45025] IIª-IIae, q. 151 a. 3 arg. 2</span></a>
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1950 Praeterea, philosophus, in III Ethic., omnia vitia intemperantiae
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1951 assimilat puerilibus peccatis, quae castigatione indigent. Sed
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diff changeset
1952 castitas nominatur a castigatione vitiorum oppositorum. Ergo, cum
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diff changeset
1953 per abstinentiam cohibeantur quaedam vitia intemperantiae, videtur
53
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1954 quod abstinentia sit castitas.</p><p title="II-II q. 151 a. 3 arg. 3"><a name="45026"><span class="ref">[45026] IIª-IIae, q. 151 a. 3 arg. 3</span></a>
28
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1955 Praeterea, delectationes aliorum sensuum pertinent ad temperantiam
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1956 inquantum ordinantur ad delectationes tactus, circa quas est
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diff changeset
1957 temperantia. Sed delectationes ciborum, circa quas est abstinentia,
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diff changeset
1958 ordinantur ad delectationes venereorum, circa quas est castitas,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1959 unde Hieronymus dicit, <i>venter et genitalia sibimetipsis vicina
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1960 sunt, ut ex vicinitate membrorum confederatio intelligatur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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diff changeset
1961 vitiorum</i>. Ergo abstinentia et castitas non sunt virtutes ab
53
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diff changeset
1962 invicem distinctae.</p><p title="II-II q. 151 a. 3 s. c."><a name="45027"><span class="ref">[45027] IIª-IIae, q. 151 a. 3 s. c.</span></a> Sed
28
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1963 contra est quod apostolus, II ad Cor. VI, connumerat castitatem
53
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1964 ieiuniis, quae ad abstinentiam pertinent.</p><p title="II-II q. 151 a. 3 co."><a name="45028"><span class="ref">[45028] IIª-IIae, q. 151 a. 3 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
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1965 dicendum quod, sicut dictum est, temperantia proprie est circa
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diff changeset
1966 concupiscentias delectationum tactus. Et ideo oportet ut ubi sunt
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1967 diversae rationes delectationis, ibi sint diversae virtutes sub
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1968 temperantia comprehensae. Delectationes autem proportionantur
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diff changeset
1969 operationibus, quarum sunt perfectiones, ut dicitur X Ethic.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1970 Manifestum est autem quod alterius generis sunt operationes
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1971 pertinentes ad usum ciborum, quibus natura individui conservatur;
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1972 et operationes pertinentes ad usum venereorum, quibus conservatur
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1973 natura speciei. Et ideo castitas, quae est circa delectationes
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1974 venereorum, est virtus distincta ab abstinentia, quae est circa
53
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diff changeset
1975 delectationes ciborum.</p><p title="II-II q. 151 a. 3 ad 1"><a name="45029"><span class="ref">[45029] IIª-IIae, q. 151 a. 3 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1976 ergo dicendum quod temperantia non consistit principaliter circa
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1977 delectationes tactus quantum ad iudicium sensus de tangibilibus,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1978 quod est eiusdem rationis in omnibus, sed quantum ad ipsum usum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1979 tangibilium, ut dicitur in III Ethic. Est autem alia ratio utendi
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1980 cibis et potibus, et venereis. Et ideo oportet esse diversas
53
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parents: 28
diff changeset
1981 virtutes, licet sint unius sensus.</p><p title="II-II q. 151 a. 3 ad 2"><a name="45030"><span class="ref">[45030] IIª-IIae, q. 151 a. 3 ad 2</span></a> Ad
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1982 secundum dicendum quod delectationes venereae sunt vehementiores et
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1983 magis opprimentes rationem quam delectationes ciborum. Et propter
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1984 hoc magis indigent castigatione et refrenatione, quia si eis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1985 consentiatur, magis ex hoc increscit vis concupiscentiae, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1986 deiicitur virtus mentis. Unde dicit Augustinus, in I Soliloq.,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1987 <i>nihil esse sentio quod magis ex arce deiiciat animum virilem
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1988 quam blandimenta feminae, corporumque ille contactus sine quo uxor
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
1989 haberi non potest</i>.</p><p title="II-II q. 151 a. 3 ad 3"><a name="45031"><span class="ref">[45031] IIª-IIae, q. 151 a. 3 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1990 dicendum quod delectationes aliorum sensuum non pertinent ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1991 naturam hominis conservandam, nisi prout ordinantur ad delectabilia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1992 tactus. Et ideo circa huiusmodi delectationes non est aliqua alia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1993 virtus sub temperantia comprehensa. Sed delectationes ciborum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1994 quamvis aliqualiter ordinentur ad delectationes venereorum, tamen
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1995 etiam per se ordinantur ad vitam hominis conservandam. Et ideo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1996 etiam per se habent specialem virtutem, quamvis illa virtus, quae
53
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parents: 28
diff changeset
1997 abstinentia dicitur, ordinet actum suum ad finem castitatis.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 4</h3><p title="II-II q. 151 a. 4 arg. 1"><a name="45032"><span class="ref">[45032] IIª-IIae, q. 151 a. 4 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1998 quartum sic proceditur. Videtur quod pudicitia non pertineat
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1999 specialiter ad castitatem. Dicit enim Augustinus, in I de Civ. Dei,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2000 quod <i>pudicitia est quaedam virtus animae</i>. Non ergo est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2001 aliquid ad castitatem pertinens, sed est per seipsam virtus a
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
2002 castitate distincta.</p><p title="II-II q. 151 a. 4 arg. 2"><a name="45033"><span class="ref">[45033] IIª-IIae, q. 151 a. 4 arg. 2</span></a>
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2003 Praeterea, pudicitia a pudore dicitur, qui videtur idem esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2004 verecundiae. Sed verecundia, secundum Damascenum, est de turpi
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2005 actu, quod convenit omni actui vitioso. Ergo pudicitia non magis
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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diff changeset
2006 pertinet ad castitatem quam ad alias virtutes.</p><p title="II-II q. 151 a. 4 arg. 3"><a name="45034"><span class="ref">[45034] IIª-IIae, q. 151 a. 4 arg. 3</span></a>
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2007 Praeterea, philosophus dicit, in III Ethic., quod omnis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2008 intemperantia generaliter est maxime exprobrabilis. Sed ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2009 pudicitiam pertinere videtur fugere ea quae exprobrabilia sunt.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2010 Ergo pudicitia pertinet ad omnes partes temperantiae, non autem
53
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parents: 28
diff changeset
2011 specialiter ad castitatem.</p><p title="II-II q. 151 a. 4 s. c."><a name="45035"><span class="ref">[45035] IIª-IIae, q. 151 a. 4 s. c.</span></a> Sed
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2012 contra est quod Augustinus dicit, in libro de perseverantia,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2013 <i>praedicanda est pudicitia, ut ab eo qui habet aures audiendi,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2014 nihil genitalibus membris illicitum perpetretur</i>. Sed usus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2015 genitalium membrorum proprie pertinet ad castitatem. Ergo pudicitia
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
2016 proprie ad castitatem pertinet.</p><p title="II-II q. 151 a. 4 co."><a name="45036"><span class="ref">[45036] IIª-IIae, q. 151 a. 4 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2017 dicendum quod, sicut dictum est, nomen pudicitiae a pudore sumitur,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2018 in quo verecundia significatur. Et ideo oportet quod pudicitia
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2019 proprie sit circa illa de quibus homines magis verecundantur.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2020 Maxime autem verecundantur homines de actibus venereis, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2021 Augustinus dicit, in XIV de Civ. Dei, in tantum quod etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2022 concubitus coniugalis, qui honestate nuptiarum decoratur,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2023 verecundia non careat. Et hoc ideo quia motus genitalium membrorum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2024 non subditur imperio rationis, sicut motus aliorum exteriorum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2025 membrorum. Verecundatur autem homo non solum de illa mixtione
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2026 venerea, sed etiam de quibuscumque signis eius, ut philosophus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2027 dicit, in II Rhet. Et ideo pudicitia attenditur proprie circa
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2028 venerea, et praecipue circa signa venereorum, sicut sunt aspectus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2029 impudici, oscula et tactus. Et quia haec magis solent deprehendi,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2030 ideo pudicitia magis respicit huiusmodi exteriora signa, castitas
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2031 autem magis ipsam veneream commixtionem. Et ideo pudicitia ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2032 castitatem ordinatur, non quasi virtus ab ipsa distincta, sed sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2033 exprimens castitatis circumstantiam quandam. Interdum tamen unum
53
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parents: 28
diff changeset
2034 pro alio ponitur.</p><p title="II-II q. 151 a. 4 ad 1"><a name="45037"><span class="ref">[45037] IIª-IIae, q. 151 a. 4 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2035 ergo dicendum quod Augustinus ibi accipit pudicitiam pro
53
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parents: 28
diff changeset
2036 castitate.</p><p title="II-II q. 151 a. 4 ad 2"><a name="45038"><span class="ref">[45038] IIª-IIae, q. 151 a. 4 ad 2</span></a> Ad
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2037 secundum dicendum quod, quamvis omnia vitia habeant turpitudinem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2038 quandam, specialiter tamen vitia intemperantiae, ut ex supra dictis
53
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parents: 28
diff changeset
2039 patet.</p><p title="II-II q. 151 a. 4 ad 3"><a name="45039"><span class="ref">[45039] IIª-IIae, q. 151 a. 4 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2040 dicendum quod inter vitia intemperantiae praecipue sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2041 exprobrabilia peccata venerea. Tum propter inobedientiam genitalium
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2042 membrorum. Tum propter hoc quod ratio ab huiusmodi maxime
59
03759e5c1080 fix multi-para s.c.
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parents: 53
diff changeset
2043 absorbetur.</p></div></div><div id="q152" class="q"><h2>Quaestio 152</h2><div class="p"><h3>Prooemium</h3><p title="II-II q. 152 pr."><a name="45040"><span class="ref">[45040] IIª-IIae, q. 152 pr.</span></a> Deinde
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2044 considerandum est de virginitate. Et circa hoc quaeruntur quinque.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2045 Primo, in quo consistit virginitas. Secundo, utrum sit licita.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2046 Tertio, utrum sit virtus. Quarto, de excellentia eius respectu
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2047 matrimonii. Quinto, de excellentia eius respectu aliarum
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
2048 virtutum.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 1</h3><p title="II-II q. 152 a. 1 arg. 1"><a name="45041"><span class="ref">[45041] IIª-IIae, q. 152 a. 1 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2049 primum sic proceditur. Videtur quod virginitas non consistat in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2050 integritate carnis. Dicit enim Augustinus, in libro de Nupt. et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2051 Concup., quod <i>virginitas est in carne corruptibili
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2052 incorruptionis perpetua meditatio</i>. Sed meditatio non pertinet
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
2053 ad carnem. Ergo virginitas non consistit in carne.</p><p title="II-II q. 152 a. 1 arg. 2"><a name="45042"><span class="ref">[45042] IIª-IIae, q. 152 a. 1 arg. 2</span></a>
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2054 Praeterea, virginitas pudicitiam quandam importat. Sed Augustinus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2055 dicit, in I de Civ. Dei, quod pudicitia consistit in anima. Ergo
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
2056 virginitas non consistit in carnis incorruptione.</p><p title="II-II q. 152 a. 1 arg. 3"><a name="45043"><span class="ref">[45043] IIª-IIae, q. 152 a. 1 arg. 3</span></a>
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2057 Praeterea, carnis integritas videtur consistere in signaculo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2058 virginalis pudoris. Sed quandoque absque virginitatis praeiudicio
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2059 frangitur illud signaculum. Dicit enim Augustinus, in I de Civ.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2060 Dei, quod <i>membra illa possunt diversis casibus vulnerata vim
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2061 perpeti; et medici aliquando, saluti opitulantes, haec ibi faciunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2062 quae horret aspectus; obstetrix etiam virginis cuiusdam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2063 integritatem manu velut explorans, dum inspicit, perdidit</i>. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2064 subdit, <i>non opinor quemquam tam stulte sapere ut huic periisse
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2065 aliquid existimet etiam de ipsius corporis sanctitate, quamvis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2066 membri illius integritate iam perdita</i>. Ergo virginitas non
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
2067 consistit in carnis incorruptione.</p><p title="II-II q. 152 a. 1 arg. 4"><a name="45044"><span class="ref">[45044] IIª-IIae, q. 152 a. 1 arg. 4</span></a>
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2068 Praeterea, corruptio carnis maxime in seminis resolutione
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2069 consistit, quae potest fieri sine concubitu, vel in dormiendo vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2070 in vigilando. Sed sine concubitu non videtur perdi virginitas,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2071 dicit enim Augustinus, in libro de Virginit., quod <i>virginalis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2072 integritas, et per piam continentiam ab omni concubitu immunitas,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2073 angelica portio est</i>. Ergo virginitas non consistit in carnis
53
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parents: 28
diff changeset
2074 incorruptione.</p><p title="II-II q. 152 a. 1 s. c."><a name="45045"><span class="ref">[45045] IIª-IIae, q. 152 a. 1 s. c.</span></a> Sed
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2075 contra est quod Augustinus, in eodem libro, dicit quod
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diff changeset
2076 <i>virginitas est continentia qua integritas carnis ipsi creatori
53
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diff changeset
2077 animae et carnis vovetur, consecratur, servatur</i>.</p><p title="II-II q. 152 a. 1 co."><a name="45046"><span class="ref">[45046] IIª-IIae, q. 152 a. 1 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
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diff changeset
2078 dicendum quod nomen virginitatis a virore sumptum videtur. Et sicut
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2079 illud dicitur virens in suo virore persistere quod non est ex
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2080 superabundantia caloris adustionem expertum, ita etiam virginitas
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2081 hoc importat, quod persona cui inest immunis sit a concupiscentiae
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2082 adustione, quae esse videtur in consummatione maximae delectationis
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2083 corporalis, qualis est venereorum delectatio. Unde Ambrosius dicit,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2084 in libro de virginitate, quod <i>castitas virginalis est expers
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2085 contagionis integritas</i>. In delectatione autem venereorum tria
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2086 est considerare. Unum quidem quod est ex parte corporis, scilicet
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2087 violatio signaculi virginalis. Aliud autem est in quo coniungitur
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2088 id quod est animae cum eo quod est corporis, scilicet ipsa
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2089 resolutio seminis delectationem sensibilem causans. Tertium autem
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2090 est solum ex parte animae, scilicet propositum perveniendi ad talem
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2091 delectationem. In quibus tribus, id quod primo positum est, per
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2092 accidens se habet ad moralem actum, qui non consideratur per se
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2093 nisi secundum ea quae sunt animae. Secundum vero materialiter se
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2094 habet ad actum moralem, nam sensibiles passiones sunt materia
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2095 moralium actuum. Tertium vero se habet formaliter et completive,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2096 quia ratio moralium in eo quod est rationis completur. Quia igitur
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2097 virginitas dicitur per remotionem praedictae corruptionis,
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2098 consequens est quod integritas membri corporalis per accidens se
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2099 habeat ad virginitatem. Ipsa autem immunitas a delectatione quae
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2100 consistit in seminis resolutione, se habet materialiter. Ipsum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2101 autem propositum perpetuo abstinendi a tali delectatione se habet
53
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diff changeset
2102 formaliter et completive in virginitate.</p><p title="II-II q. 152 a. 1 ad 1"><a name="45047"><span class="ref">[45047] IIª-IIae, q. 152 a. 1 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2103 ergo dicendum quod illa definitio Augustini tangit quidem in recto
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2104 id quod est formale in virginitate, nam per meditationem
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2105 intelligitur propositum rationis. Quod autem additur, perpetua, non
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2106 sic intelligitur quod oporteat virginem semper actu talem
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2107 meditationem habere, sed quia hoc debet in proposito gerere, ut
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2108 perpetuo in hoc perseveret. Id vero quod est materiale, tangitur in
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2109 obliquo, cum dicitur, incorruptionis in carne corruptibili. Quod
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2110 additur ad ostendendam virginitatis difficultatem, nam si caro
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2111 corrumpi non posset, non esset difficile perpetuam incorruptionis
53
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diff changeset
2112 meditationem habere.</p><p title="II-II q. 152 a. 1 ad 2"><a name="45048"><span class="ref">[45048] IIª-IIae, q. 152 a. 1 ad 2</span></a> Ad
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2113 secundum dicendum quod pudicitia est quidem essentialiter in anima,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2114 materialiter autem in carne, et similiter virginitas. Unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2115 Augustinus dicit, in libro de Virginit., quod licet virginitas in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2116 carne servetur, ac per hoc corporalis sit, <i>tamen spiritualis est
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
2117 quam vovet et servat continentia pietatis</i>.</p><p title="II-II q. 152 a. 1 ad 3"><a name="45049"><span class="ref">[45049] IIª-IIae, q. 152 a. 1 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2118 dicendum quod, sicut dictum est, integritas corporalis membri per
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2119 accidens se habet ad virginitatem, inquantum scilicet per hoc quod
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2120 ex proposito voluntatis abstinet quis a delectatione venerea,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2121 remanet integritas in membro corporeo. Unde si contingat quod per
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2122 alium modum aliquo casu membri integritas corrumpatur, non magis
53
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diff changeset
2123 praeiudicat virginitati quam si corrumpatur manus aut pes.</p><p title="II-II q. 152 a. 1 ad 4"><a name="45050"><span class="ref">[45050] IIª-IIae, q. 152 a. 1 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2124 dicendum quod delectatio quae est ex seminis resolutione dupliciter
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2125 potest contingere. Uno modo, ut procedat ex mentis proposito. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2126 sic tollit virginitatem, sive fiat per concubitum sive absque
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2127 concubitu. Facit autem mentionem Augustinus de concubitu, quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2128 huiusmodi resolutio communiter et naturaliter ex concubitu
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2129 causatur. Alio modo potest provenire praeter propositum mentis, vel
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2130 in dormiendo; vel per violentiam illatam, cui mens non consentit,
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2131 quamvis caro delectationem experiatur; vel etiam ex infirmitate
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2132 naturae, ut patet in his qui fluxum seminis patiuntur. Et sic non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2133 perditur virginitas, quia talis pollutio non accidit per
53
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diff changeset
2134 impudicitiam, quam virginitas excludit.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 2</h3><p title="II-II q. 152 a. 2 arg. 1"><a name="45051"><span class="ref">[45051] IIª-IIae, q. 152 a. 2 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2135 secundum sic proceditur. Videtur quod virginitas sit illicita. Omne
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2136 enim quod contrariatur praecepto legis naturae est illicitum sed
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2137 sicut praeceptum legis naturae ad conservationem individui est quod
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2138 tangitur Gen. II, <i>de omni ligno quod est in Paradiso,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2139 comede</i>; ita etiam praeceptum legis naturae est ad
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2140 conservationem speciei, quod ponitur Gen. I, <i>crescite et
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2141 multiplicamini, et replete terram</i>. Ergo, sicut peccaret qui
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2142 abstineret ab omni cibo, utpote faciens contra bonum individui; ita
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2143 etiam peccat qui omnino abstinet ab actu generationis, utpote
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2144 faciens contra bonum speciei.</p><p title="II-II q. 152 a. 2 arg. 2"><a name="45052"><span class="ref">[45052] IIª-IIae, q. 152 a. 2 arg. 2</span></a>
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2145 Praeterea, omne id quod recedit a medio virtutis videtur esse
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2146 vitiosum. Sed virginitas recedit a medio virtutis ab omnibus
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2147 delectationibus venereis abstinens, dicit enim philosophus, in II
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2148 Ethic., quod <i>qui omni voluptate potitur, neque ab una recedit,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2149 intemperatus est; qui autem omnes fugit, agrestis est et
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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diff changeset
2150 insensibilis</i>. Ergo virginitas est aliquid vitiosum.</p><p title="II-II q. 152 a. 2 arg. 3"><a name="45053"><span class="ref">[45053] IIª-IIae, q. 152 a. 2 arg. 3</span></a>
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2151 Praeterea, poena non debetur nisi vitio. Sed apud antiquos
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2152 puniebantur secundum leges illi qui semper caelibem vitam ducebant,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2153 ut maximus Valerius dicit. Unde et Plato, secundum Augustinum, in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2154 libro de vera Relig., sacrificasse dicitur <i>ut perpetua eius
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2155 continentia tanquam peccatum aboleretur</i>. Ergo virginitas est
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
2156 peccatum.</p><p title="II-II q. 152 a. 2 s. c."><a name="45054"><span class="ref">[45054] IIª-IIae, q. 152 a. 2 s. c.</span></a> Sed
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2157 contra, nullum peccatum recte cadit sub consilio. Sed virginitas
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2158 recte cadit sub consilio, dicitur enim I ad Cor. VII, <i>de
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2159 virginibus autem praeceptum domini non habeo, consilium autem
53
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ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2160 do</i>. Ergo virginitas non est aliquid illicitum.</p><p title="II-II q. 152 a. 2 co."><a name="45055"><span class="ref">[45055] IIª-IIae, q. 152 a. 2 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2161 dicendum quod in humanis actibus illud est vitiosum quod est
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2162 praeter rationem rectam. Habet autem hoc ratio recta, ut his quae
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2163 sunt ad finem utatur aliquis secundum eam mensuram qua congruit
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2164 fini. Est autem triplex hominis bonum, ut dicitur in I Ethic., unum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2165 quidem quod consistit in exterioribus rebus, puta divitiis; aliud
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2166 autem quod consistit in bonis corporis; tertium autem quod
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2167 consistit in bonis animae, inter quae et bona contemplativae vitae
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2168 sunt potiora bonis vitae activae, ut philosophus probat, in X
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2169 Ethic., et dominus dicit, Lucae X, <i>Maria optimam partem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2170 elegit</i>. Quorum bonorum exteriora quidem ordinantur ad ea quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2171 sunt corporis; ea vero quae sunt corporis, ad ea quae sunt animae;
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2172 et ulterius ea quae sunt vitae activae, ad ea quae sunt vitae
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2173 contemplativae. Pertinet igitur ad rectitudinem rationis ut aliquis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2174 utatur exterioribus bonis secundum eam mensuram qua competit
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2175 corpori, et similiter de aliis. Unde si quis abstineat ab aliquibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2176 possidendis, quae alias esset bonum possidere, ut consulat saluti
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2177 corporali, vel etiam contemplationi veritatis, non esset hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2178 vitiosum, sed secundum rationem rectam. Et similiter si quis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2179 abstineat a delectationibus corporalibus ut liberius vacet
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2180 contemplationi veritatis, pertinet hoc ad rectitudinem rationis. Ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2181 hoc autem pia virginitas ab omni delectatione venerea abstinet, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2182 liberius divinae contemplationi vacet, dicit enim apostolus, I ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2183 Cor. VII, <i>mulier innupta et virgo cogitat quae domini sunt, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2184 sit sancta et corpore et spiritu, quae autem nupta est, cogitat
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2185 quae sunt mundi, quomodo placeat viro</i>. Unde relinquitur quod
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
2186 virginitas non est aliquid vitiosum, sed potius laudabile.</p><p title="II-II q. 152 a. 2 ad 1"><a name="45056"><span class="ref">[45056] IIª-IIae, q. 152 a. 2 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2187 ergo dicendum quod praeceptum habet rationem debiti, ut supra
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2188 dictum est. Dupliciter autem est aliquid debitum. Uno modo ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2189 impleatur ab uno, et hoc debitum sine peccato praeteriri non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2190 potest. Aliud autem est debitum implendum a multitudine. Et ad tale
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2191 debitum implendum non tenetur quilibet de multitudine, multa enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2192 sunt multitudini necessaria ad quae implenda unus non sufficit, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2193 implentur a multitudine dum unus hoc, alius illud facit. Praeceptum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2194 igitur legis naturae homini datum de comestione, necesse est quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2195 ab unoquoque impleatur, aliter enim individuum conservari non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2196 posset. Sed praeceptum datum de generatione respicit totam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2197 multitudinem hominum, cui necessarium est non solum quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2198 multiplicetur corporaliter, sed etiam quod spiritualiter proficiat.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2199 Et ideo sufficienter providetur humanae multitudini si quidam
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2200 carnali generationi operam dent, quidam vero, ab hac abstinentes,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2201 contemplationi divinorum vacent, ad totius humani generis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2202 pulchritudinem et salutem. Sicut etiam in exercitu quidam castra
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2203 custodiunt, quidam signa deferunt, quidam gladiis decertant, quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2204 tamen omnia debita sunt multitudini, sed per unum impleri non
53
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parents: 28
diff changeset
2205 possunt.</p><p title="II-II q. 152 a. 2 ad 2"><a name="45057"><span class="ref">[45057] IIª-IIae, q. 152 a. 2 ad 2</span></a> Ad
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2206 secundum dicendum quod ille qui abstinet ab omnibus delectationibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2207 praeter rationem rectam, quasi delectationes secundum se abhorrens,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2208 est insensibilis, sicut agricola. Virgo autem non abstinet ab omni
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2209 delectatione, sed solum a delectatione venerea, et ab hac abstinet
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2210 secundum rationem rectam, ut dictum est. Medium autem virtutis non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2211 secundum quantitatem, sed secundum rationem rectam determinatur, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2212 dicitur in II Ethic. Unde de magnanimo dicitur, in IV Ethic., quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2213 <i>est magnitudine extremus, eo autem quod ut oportet,
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
2214 medius</i>.</p><p title="II-II q. 152 a. 2 ad 3"><a name="45058"><span class="ref">[45058] IIª-IIae, q. 152 a. 2 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2215 dicendum quod leges feruntur secundum ea quae ut in pluribus
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2216 accidunt. Hoc autem rarum erat apud antiquos, ut aliquis amore
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2217 veritatis contemplandae ab omni delectatione venerea abstineret,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2218 quod solus Plato legitur fecisse. Unde non sacrificavit quasi hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2219 peccatum reputaret, sed perversae opinioni civium cedens, ut ibidem
53
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parents: 28
diff changeset
2220 Augustinus dicit.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 3</h3><p title="II-II q. 152 a. 3 arg. 1"><a name="45059"><span class="ref">[45059] IIª-IIae, q. 152 a. 3 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2221 tertium sic proceditur. Videtur quod virginitas non sit virtus.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2222 Nulla enim virtus inest nobis a natura, ut philosophus dicit, in II
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2223 Ethic. Sed virginitas inest a natura, quilibet enim mox natus virgo
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
2224 est. Ergo virginitas non est virtus.</p><p title="II-II q. 152 a. 3 arg. 2"><a name="45060"><span class="ref">[45060] IIª-IIae, q. 152 a. 3 arg. 2</span></a>
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2225 Praeterea, quicumque habet unam virtutem, habet omnes, ut supra
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2226 habitum est. Sed aliqui habent alias virtutes qui non habent
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2227 virginitatem, alioquin, cum sine virtute nullus ad regnum caelorum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2228 perveniat, nullus sine virginitate ad ipsum posset pervenire; quod
53
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diff changeset
2229 esset matrimonium damnare. Ergo virginitas non est virtus.</p><p title="II-II q. 152 a. 3 arg. 3"><a name="45061"><span class="ref">[45061] IIª-IIae, q. 152 a. 3 arg. 3</span></a>
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2230 Praeterea, omnis virtus restituitur per poenitentiam. Sed
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2231 virginitas non reparatur per poenitentiam, unde Hieronymus dicit,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2232 <i>cum cetera Deus possit, non potest virginem post ruinam
53
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diff changeset
2233 reparare</i>. Ergo videtur quod virginitas non sit virtus.</p><p title="II-II q. 152 a. 3 arg. 4"><a name="45062"><span class="ref">[45062] IIª-IIae, q. 152 a. 3 arg. 4</span></a>
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2234 Praeterea, nulla virtus perditur sine peccato. Sed virginitas
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2235 perditur sine peccato, scilicet per matrimonium. Ergo virginitas
53
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diff changeset
2236 non est virtus.</p><p title="II-II q. 152 a. 3 arg. 5"><a name="45063"><span class="ref">[45063] IIª-IIae, q. 152 a. 3 arg. 5</span></a>
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2237 Praeterea, virginitas condividitur viduitati et pudicitiae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2238 coniugali. Sed neutrum illorum ponitur virtus. Ergo virginitas non
53
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diff changeset
2239 est virtus.</p><p title="II-II q. 152 a. 3 s. c."><a name="45064"><span class="ref">[45064] IIª-IIae, q. 152 a. 3 s. c.</span></a> Sed
28
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diff changeset
2240 contra est quod Ambrosius dicit, in libro de Virginit., <i>invitat
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2241 virginitatis amor ut aliquid de virginitate dicamus, ne veluti
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2242 transitu quodam perstricta videatur quae principalis est
53
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parents: 28
diff changeset
2243 virtus</i>.</p><p title="II-II q. 152 a. 3 co."><a name="45065"><span class="ref">[45065] IIª-IIae, q. 152 a. 3 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2244 dicendum quod, sicut supra dictum est, in virginitate est sicut
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2245 formale et completivum propositum perpetuo abstinendi a
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2246 delectatione venerea, quod quidem propositum laudabile redditur ex
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2247 fine, inquantum scilicet hoc fit ad vacandum rebus divinis.
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2248 Materiale autem in virginitate est integritas carnis absque omni
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2249 experimento venereae delectationis. Manifestum est autem quod ubi
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2250 est specialis materia habens specialem excellentiam, ibi invenitur
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2251 specialis ratio virtutis, sicut patet in magnificentia, quae est
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2252 circa magnos sumptus, et ex hoc est specialis virtus a liberalitate
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2253 distincta, quae communiter se habet circa omnem pecuniarum usum.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2254 Hoc autem quod est conservare se immunem ab experimento venereae
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2255 voluptatis, habet quandam excellentiam laudis supra hoc quod est
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2256 conservare se immunem ab inordinatione venereae voluptatis. Et ideo
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2257 virginitas est quaedam specialis virtus, habens se ad castitatem
53
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diff changeset
2258 sicut magnificentia ad liberalitatem.</p><p title="II-II q. 152 a. 3 ad 1"><a name="45066"><span class="ref">[45066] IIª-IIae, q. 152 a. 3 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2259 ergo dicendum quod homines ex sua nativitate habent id quod est
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2260 materiale in virginitate, scilicet integritatem carnis immunem ab
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2261 experimento venereorum. Non tamen habent id quod est formale in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2262 virginitate, ut scilicet habeant propositum servandi huiusmodi
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2263 integritatem propter Deum. Et ex hoc habet rationem virtutis. Unde
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2264 Augustinus dicit, in libro de Virginit., <i>nec nos in virginibus
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2265 praedicamus quod virgines sunt, sed quod Deo dicatae pia
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
2266 continentia virgines</i>.</p><p title="II-II q. 152 a. 3 ad 2"><a name="45067"><span class="ref">[45067] IIª-IIae, q. 152 a. 3 ad 2</span></a> Ad
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2267 secundum dicendum quod connexio virtutum accipitur secundum id quod
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2268 est formale in virtutibus, idest secundum caritatem vel secundum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2269 prudentiam, ut supra habitum est, non autem secundum id quod est
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2270 materiale in virtutibus. Nihil enim prohibet alicui virtuoso
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2271 suppetere materiam unius virtutis, non autem materiam alterius,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2272 sicut pauper habet materiam temperantiae, non autem materiam
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2273 magnificentiae. Et hoc modo alicui habenti alias virtutes deest
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2274 materia virginitatis, idest praedicta integritas carnis. Tamen
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2275 potest id quod est formale in virginitate habere, ut scilicet in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2276 praeparatione mentis praedictae integritatis conservandae
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2277 propositum, si hoc sibi competeret. Sicut pauper potest in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2278 praeparatione animi habere propositum magnificos sumptus faciendi,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2279 si sibi competeret, et similiter ille qui est in prosperitate habet
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2280 in praeparatione animi propositum adversa aequanimiter tolerandi.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2281 Et sine hac praeparatione animi non potest esse aliquis
53
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diff changeset
2282 virtuosus.</p><p title="II-II q. 152 a. 3 ad 3"><a name="45068"><span class="ref">[45068] IIª-IIae, q. 152 a. 3 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2283 dicendum quod virtus per poenitentiam reparari potest quantum ad id
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2284 quod est formale in virtute, non autem quantum ad id quod est
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2285 materiale in ipsa. Non enim si quis magnificus consumpsit suas
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2286 divitias, per poenitentiam peccati restituuntur ei divitiae. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2287 similiter ille qui peccando virginitatem amisit, per poenitentiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2288 non recuperat virginitatis materiam, sed recuperat virginitatis
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2289 propositum. Circa materiam autem virginitatis est aliquid quod
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2290 miraculose reparari poterit divinitus, scilicet integritas membri,
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2291 quam diximus accidentaliter se ad virginitatem habere. Aliud autem
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2292 est quod nec miraculo reparari potest, ut scilicet qui expertus est
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2293 voluptatem veneream, fiat non expertus, non enim Deus potest facere
53
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diff changeset
2294 ut ea quae facta sunt non sint facta, ut in primo habitum est.</p><p title="II-II q. 152 a. 3 ad 4"><a name="45069"><span class="ref">[45069] IIª-IIae, q. 152 a. 3 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2295 dicendum quod virginitas, secundum quod est virtus, importat
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2296 propositum voto firmatum integritatis perpetuo servandae dicit enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2297 Augustinus, in libro de Virginit., quod per virginitatem integritas
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2298 carnis <i>ipsi creatori animae et carnis vovetur, consecratur,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2299 servatur</i>. Unde virginitas, secundum quod est virtus, nunquam
53
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parents: 28
diff changeset
2300 amittitur nisi per peccatum.</p><p title="II-II q. 152 a. 3 ad 5"><a name="45070"><span class="ref">[45070] IIª-IIae, q. 152 a. 3 ad 5</span></a> Ad quintum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2301 dicendum quod castitas coniugalis ex hoc solo laudem habet quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2302 abstinet ab illicitis voluptatibus, unde non habet aliquam
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2303 excellentiam supra communem castitatem. Viduitas autem addit quidem
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2304 aliquid supra communem castitatem, non tamen pervenit ad id quod
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2305 est perfectum in materia ista, scilicet ad omnimodam immunitatem
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2306 venereae voluptatis, sed sola virginitas. Et ideo sola virginitas
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2307 ponitur virtus specialis, sicut supra castitatem sicut
53
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diff changeset
2308 magnificentia supra liberalitatem.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 4</h3><p title="II-II q. 152 a. 4 arg. 1"><a name="45071"><span class="ref">[45071] IIª-IIae, q. 152 a. 4 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2309 quartum sic proceditur. Videtur quod virginitas non sit
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2310 excellentior matrimonio. Dicit enim Augustinus, in libro de bono
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2311 coniugali, <i>non impar meritum continentiae est in Ioanne, qui
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2312 nullas expertus est nuptias, et in Abraham, qui filios
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2313 generavit</i>. Sed maioris virtutis maius est meritum. Ergo
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
2314 virginitas non est potior virtus quam castitas coniugalis.</p><p title="II-II q. 152 a. 4 arg. 2"><a name="45072"><span class="ref">[45072] IIª-IIae, q. 152 a. 4 arg. 2</span></a>
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2315 Praeterea, ex virtute dependet laus virtuosi. Si ergo virginitas
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2316 praeferretur continentiae coniugali, videtur esse consequens quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2317 quaelibet virgo esset laudabilior qualibet coniugata. Hoc autem est
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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diff changeset
2318 falsum. Ergo virginitas non praefertur coniugio.</p><p title="II-II q. 152 a. 4 arg. 3"><a name="45073"><span class="ref">[45073] IIª-IIae, q. 152 a. 4 arg. 3</span></a>
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2319 Praeterea, bonum commune potius est bono privato, ut patet per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2320 philosophum, in I Ethic. Sed coniugium ordinatur ad bonum commune,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2321 dicit enim Augustinus, in libro de bono coniugali, <i>quod est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2322 cibus ad salutem hominis, hoc est concubitus ad salutem humani
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2323 generis</i>. Virginitas autem ordinatur ad bonum speciale, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2324 scilicet vitent tribulationem carnis, quam sustinent coniugati,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2325 sicut patet per apostolum, I ad Cor. VII. Ergo virginitas non est
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
2326 potior continentia coniugali.</p><p title="II-II q. 152 a. 4 s. c."><a name="45074"><span class="ref">[45074] IIª-IIae, q. 152 a. 4 s. c.</span></a> Sed
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2327 contra est quod dicit Augustinus, in libro de Virginit., <i>certa
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2328 ratione, et sanctarum Scripturarum auctoritate, nec peccatum esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2329 nuptias invenimus, nec eas bono vel virginalis continentiae, vel
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
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diff changeset
2330 etiam vidualis, aequamus</i>.</p><p title="II-II q. 152 a. 4 co."><a name="45075"><span class="ref">[45075] IIª-IIae, q. 152 a. 4 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2331 dicendum quod, sicut patet in libro Hieronymi contra Iovin., hic
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2332 error fuit Ioviniani, qui posuit virginitatem non esse matrimonio
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2333 praeferendam. Qui quidem error praecipue destruitur et exemplo
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2334 Christi, qui et matrem virginem elegit, et ipse virginitatem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2335 servavit; et ex doctrina apostoli, qui, I ad Cor. VII, virginitatem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2336 consuluit tanquam melius bonum; et etiam ratione. Tum quia bonum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2337 divinum est potius bono humano. Tum quia bonum animae praefertur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2338 bono corporis. Tum etiam quia bonum contemplativae vitae praefertur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2339 bono activae. Virginitas autem ordinatur ad bonum animae secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2340 vitam contemplativam, quod est cogitare ea quae sunt Dei. Coniugium
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2341 autem ordinatur ad bonum corporis, quod est corporalis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2342 multiplicatio generis humani, et pertinet ad vitam activam, quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2343 vir et mulier in matrimonio viventes necesse habent cogitare quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2344 sunt mundi, ut patet per apostolum, I ad Cor. VII. Unde
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
2345 indubitanter virginitas praeferenda est continentiae coniugali.</p><p title="II-II q. 152 a. 4 ad 1"><a name="45076"><span class="ref">[45076] IIª-IIae, q. 152 a. 4 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2346 ergo dicendum quod meritum non solum pensatur ex genere actus, sed
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2347 magis ex animo operantis. Habuit autem Abraham animum sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2348 dispositum ut paratus esset virginitatem servare si esset tempus
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2349 congruum. Ex quo meritum continentiae coniugalis in ipso aequatur
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2350 merito continentiae virginalis in Ioanne respectu praemii
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2351 substantialis, non autem respectu praemii accidentalis. Unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2352 Augustinus dicit, in libro de bono coniugali, quod <i>Ioannis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2353 caelibatus et Abrahae connubium pro temporum distributione Christo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2354 militaverunt, sed continentiam Ioannes etiam in opere, Abraham vero
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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diff changeset
2355 in solo habitu habebat</i>.</p><p title="II-II q. 152 a. 4 ad 2"><a name="45077"><span class="ref">[45077] IIª-IIae, q. 152 a. 4 ad 2</span></a> Ad
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2356 secundum dicendum quod, licet virginitas sit melior quam
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2357 continentia coniugalis, potest tamen coniugatus esse melior quam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2358 virgo, duplici ratione. Primo quidem, ex parte ipsius castitatis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2359 si scilicet ille qui est coniugatus, habeat animum magis paratum ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2360 virginitatem servandam, si oporteret, quam ille qui est virgo actu.
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2361 Unde Augustinus instruit virginem, in libro de bono coniugali, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2362 dicat, <i>ego non sum melior quam Abraham, sed melior est castitas
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2363 caelibum quam castitas nuptiarum</i>. Et rationem postea subdit,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2364 dicens, <i>quod enim ego nunc ago, melius illi egissent, si tunc
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2365 agendum esset, quod autem illi egerunt, sic ego non agerem, etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2366 si nunc agendum esset</i>. Secundo, quia forte ille qui non est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2367 virgo, habet aliquam excellentiorem virtutem. Unde Augustinus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2368 dicit, in libro de Virginit., <i>unde scit virgo, quamvis sollicita
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2369 quae sunt domini, ne forte, propter aliquam sibi incognitam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2370 infirmitatem, non sit matura martyrio, illa vero mulier cui se
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2371 praeferre gestiebat, iam possit bibere calicem dominicae
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
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diff changeset
2372 passionis?</i></p><p title="II-II q. 152 a. 4 ad 3"><a name="45078"><span class="ref">[45078] IIª-IIae, q. 152 a. 4 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2373 dicendum quod bonum commune potius est bono privato si sit eiusdem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2374 generis, sed potest esse quod bonum privatum sit melius secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2375 suum genus. Et hoc modo virginitas Deo dicata praefertur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2376 fecunditati carnali. Unde Augustinus dicit, in libro de Virginit.,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2377 quod <i>fecunditas carnis, etiam illarum quae in hoc tempore nihil
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2378 aliud in coniugio quam prolem requirunt quam mancipent Christo, pro
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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diff changeset
2379 amissa virginitate compensari non posse credenda est</i>.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 5</h3><p title="II-II q. 152 a. 5 arg. 1"><a name="45079"><span class="ref">[45079] IIª-IIae, q. 152 a. 5 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2380 quintum sic proceditur. Videtur quod virginitas sit maxima
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2381 virtutum. Dicit enim Cyprianus, in libro de Virginit., <i>nunc
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2382 nobis ad virgines sermo est. Quarum quo sublimior gloria est, maior
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2383 et cura. Flos est ille ecclesiastici germinis, decus atque
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2384 ornamentum gratiae spiritualis, illustrior portio gregis
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2385 Christi</i>.</p><p title="II-II q. 152 a. 5 arg. 2"><a name="45080"><span class="ref">[45080] IIª-IIae, q. 152 a. 5 arg. 2</span></a>
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2386 Praeterea, maius praemium debetur maiori virtuti. Sed virginitati
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2387 debetur maximum praemium, scilicet fructus centesimus, ut patet
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2388 Matth. XIII, in Glossa. Ergo virginitas est maxima virtutum.</p><p title="II-II q. 152 a. 5 arg. 3"><a name="45081"><span class="ref">[45081] IIª-IIae, q. 152 a. 5 arg. 3</span></a>
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2389 Praeterea, tanto aliqua virtus est maior, quanto per eam magis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2390 aliquis Christo conformatur. Sed maxime aliquis conformatur Christo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2391 per virginitatem, dicitur enim Apoc. XIV de virginibus, quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2392 sequuntur agnum quocumque ierit, et quod <i>cantant canticum novum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2393 quod nemo alius poterat dicere</i>. Ergo virginitas est maxima
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
2394 virtutum.</p><p title="II-II q. 152 a. 5 s. c."><a name="45082"><span class="ref">[45082] IIª-IIae, q. 152 a. 5 s. c.</span></a> Sed
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2395 contra est quod Augustinus dicit, in libro de Virginit., <i>nemo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2396 quantum puto, ausus fuit virginitatem praeferre monasterio</i>. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2397 in eodem libro dicit, <i>praeclarissimum testimonium perhibet
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2398 ecclesiastica auctoritas, in qua fidelibus notum est quo loco
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2399 martyres, et quo defunctae sanctimoniales ad altaris sacramenta
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2400 recitentur</i>. Per quod datur intelligi quod martyrium virginitati
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
2401 praefertur, et similiter monasterii status.</p><p title="II-II q. 152 a. 5 co."><a name="45083"><span class="ref">[45083] IIª-IIae, q. 152 a. 5 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2402 dicendum quod aliquid potest dici excellentissimum dupliciter. Uno
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2403 modo, in aliquo genere. Et sic virginitas est excellentissima,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2404 scilicet in genere castitatis, transcendit enim et castitatem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2405 vidualem et coniugalem. Et quia castitati antonomastice attribuitur
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2406 decor, ideo virginitati per consequens attribuitur excellentissima
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2407 pulchritudo. Unde et Ambrosius dicit, in libro de Virginit.,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2408 <i>pulchritudinem quis potest maiorem aestimare decore virginis,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2409 quae amatur a rege, probatur a iudice, dedicatur domino,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2410 consecratur Deo?</i> Alio modo potest dici aliquid excellentissimum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2411 simpliciter. Et sic virginitas non est excellentissima virtutum.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2412 Semper enim finis excellit id quod est ad finem, et quanto aliquid
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2413 efficacius ordinatur ad finem, tanto melius est. Finis autem ex quo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2414 virginitas laudabilis redditur, est vacare rebus divinis, ut dictum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2415 est. Unde ipsae virtutes theologicae, et etiam virtus religionis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2416 quarum actus est ipsa occupatio circa res divinas, praeferuntur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2417 virginitati. Similiter etiam vehementius operantur ad hoc quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2418 inhaereant Deo martyres, qui ad hoc postponunt propriam vitam; et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2419 viventes in monasteriis, qui ad hoc postponunt propriam voluntatem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2420 et omnia quae possunt habere; quam virgines, quae ad hoc postponunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2421 venereas voluptates. Et ideo virginitas non simpliciter est maxima
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
2422 virtutum.</p><p title="II-II q. 152 a. 5 ad 1"><a name="45084"><span class="ref">[45084] IIª-IIae, q. 152 a. 5 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2423 ergo dicendum quod virgines sunt illustrior portio gregis Christi,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2424 et est earum sublimior gloria, per comparationem ad viduas et
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2425 coniugatas.</p><p title="II-II q. 152 a. 5 ad 2"><a name="45085"><span class="ref">[45085] IIª-IIae, q. 152 a. 5 ad 2</span></a> Ad
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2426 secundum dicendum quod centesimus fructus attribuitur virginitati,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2427 secundum Hieronymum, propter excellentiam quam habet ad viduitatem,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2428 cui attribuitur sexagesimus, et ad matrimonium, cui attribuitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2429 tricesimus. Sed sicut Augustinus dicit, in libro de quaest. Evang.,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2430 <i>centesimus fructus est martyrum, sexagesimus virginum, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2431 tricesimus coniugatorum</i>. Unde ex hoc non sequitur quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2432 virginitas sit simpliciter maxima omnium virtutum, sed solum aliis
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2433 gradibus castitatis.</p><p title="II-II q. 152 a. 5 ad 3"><a name="45086"><span class="ref">[45086] IIª-IIae, q. 152 a. 5 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2434 dicendum quod virgines sequuntur agnum quocumque ierit quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2435 imitantur Christum non solum in integritate mentis, sed etiam in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2436 integritate carnis, ut Augustinus dicit, in libro de Virginit. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2437 ideo in pluribus sequuntur agnum. Non tamen oportet quod magis de
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2438 propinquo, quia aliae virtutes faciunt propinquius inhaerere Deo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2439 per imitationem mentis. Canticum autem novum quod solae virgines
59
03759e5c1080 fix multi-para s.c.
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parents: 53
diff changeset
2440 cantant, est gaudium quod habent de integritate carnis servata.</p></div></div><div id="q153" class="q"><h2>Quaestio 153</h2><div class="p"><h3>Prooemium</h3><p title="II-II q. 153 pr."><a name="45087"><span class="ref">[45087] IIª-IIae, q. 153 pr.</span></a> Deinde
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2441 considerandum est de vitio luxuriae, quod opponitur castitati. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2442 primo, de ipsa in generali; secundo, de speciebus eius. Circa
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2443 primum quaeruntur quinque. Primo, quid sit materia luxuriae.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2444 Secundo, utrum omnis concubitus sit illicitus. Tertio, utrum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2445 luxuria sit peccatum mortale. Quarto, utrum luxuria sit vitium
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2446 capitale. Quinto, de filiabus eius.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 1</h3><p title="II-II q. 153 a. 1 arg. 1"><a name="45088"><span class="ref">[45088] IIª-IIae, q. 153 a. 1 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2447 primum sic proceditur. Videtur quod materia luxuriae non sit solum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2448 concupiscentiae et delectationes venereae. Dicit enim Augustinus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2449 in libro Confess., quod <i>luxuria ad satietatem atque abundantiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2450 se cupit vocari</i>. Sed satietas pertinet ad cibos et potus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2451 abundantia autem ad divitias. Ergo luxuria non est proprie circa
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2452 concupiscentias et voluptates venereas.</p><p title="II-II q. 153 a. 1 arg. 2"><a name="45089"><span class="ref">[45089] IIª-IIae, q. 153 a. 1 arg. 2</span></a>
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2453 Praeterea, Prov. XX dicitur, <i>luxuriosa res est vinum</i>. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2454 vinum pertinet ad delectationem cibi et potus. Ergo circa has
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2455 maxime videtur esse luxuria.</p><p title="II-II q. 153 a. 1 arg. 3"><a name="45090"><span class="ref">[45090] IIª-IIae, q. 153 a. 1 arg. 3</span></a>
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2456 Praeterea, luxuria esse dicitur libidinosae voluptatis appetitus.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2457 Sed libidinosa voluptas non solum est in venereis, sed etiam in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2458 multis aliis. Ergo luxuria non solum est circa concupiscentias et
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2459 voluptates venereas.</p><p title="II-II q. 153 a. 1 s. c."><a name="45091"><span class="ref">[45091] IIª-IIae, q. 153 a. 1 s. c.</span></a> Sed
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2460 contra est quod dicitur in libro de vera Relig., dicitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2461 luxuriosis, <i>qui seminat in carne, de carne metet
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2462 corruptionem</i>. Sed seminatio carnis fit per voluptates venereas.
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2463 Ergo ad has pertinet luxuria.</p><p title="II-II q. 153 a. 1 co."><a name="45092"><span class="ref">[45092] IIª-IIae, q. 153 a. 1 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2464 dicendum quod, sicut Isidorus dicit, in libro Etymol., luxuriosus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2465 aliquis dicitur quasi solutus in voluptates. Maxime autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2466 voluptates venereae animum hominis solvunt. Et ideo circa
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2467 voluptates venereas maxime luxuria consideratur.</p><p title="II-II q. 153 a. 1 ad 1"><a name="45093"><span class="ref">[45093] IIª-IIae, q. 153 a. 1 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2468 ergo dicendum quod, sicut temperantia principaliter quidem et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2469 proprie est circa delectationes tactus, dicitur autem ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2470 consequenti et per similitudinem quandam in quibusdam aliis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2471 materiis; ita etiam luxuria principaliter quidem est in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2472 voluptatibus venereis, quae maxime et praecipue animum hominis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2473 resolvunt; secundario aut dicitur in quibuscumque aliis ad excessum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2474 pertinentibus. Unde Galat. V, dicit Glossa quod <i>luxuria est
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2475 quaelibet superfluitas</i>.</p><p title="II-II q. 153 a. 1 ad 2"><a name="45094"><span class="ref">[45094] IIª-IIae, q. 153 a. 1 ad 2</span></a> Ad
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2476 secundum dicendum quod vinum dicitur esse res luxuriosa, vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2477 secundum hunc modum quo in qualibet materia abundantia ad luxuriam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2478 refertur. Vel inquantum superfluus usus vini incentivum voluptati
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2479 venereae praebet.</p><p title="II-II q. 153 a. 1 ad 3"><a name="45095"><span class="ref">[45095] IIª-IIae, q. 153 a. 1 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2480 dicendum quod libidinosa voluptas etsi in aliis materiis dicatur,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2481 tamen specialiter hoc nomen sibi vindicant venereae delectationes,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2482 in quibus etiam specialiter libido dicitur, ut Augustinus dicit,
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2483 XIV de Civ. Dei.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 2</h3><p title="II-II q. 153 a. 2 arg. 1"><a name="45096"><span class="ref">[45096] IIª-IIae, q. 153 a. 2 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2484 secundum sic proceditur. Videtur quod nullus actus venereus possit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2485 esse sine peccato. Nihil enim videtur impedire virtutem nisi
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2486 peccatum. Sed omnis actus venereus maxime impedit virtutem, dicit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2487 enim Augustinus, in I Soliloq., <i>nihil esse sentio quod magis ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2488 arce deiiciat animum virilem quam blandimenta feminae, corporumque
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2489 ille contactus</i>. Ergo nullus actus venereus videtur esse sine
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2490 peccato.</p><p title="II-II q. 153 a. 2 arg. 2"><a name="45097"><span class="ref">[45097] IIª-IIae, q. 153 a. 2 arg. 2</span></a>
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2491 Praeterea, ubicumque invenitur aliquid superfluum per quod a bono
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2492 rationis receditur, hoc est vitiosum, quia virtus corrumpitur per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2493 superfluum et diminutum, ut dicitur in II Ethic. Sed in quolibet
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2494 actu venereo est superfluitas delectationis, quae in tantum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2495 absorbet rationem quod impossibile est aliquid intelligere in ipsa,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2496 ut philosophus dicit, in VII Ethic., et sicut Hieronymus dicit, in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2497 illo actu spiritus prophetiae non tangebat corda prophetarum. Ergo
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2498 nullus actus venereus potest esse sine peccato.</p><p title="II-II q. 153 a. 2 arg. 3"><a name="45098"><span class="ref">[45098] IIª-IIae, q. 153 a. 2 arg. 3</span></a>
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2499 Praeterea, causa potior est quam effectus. Sed peccatum originale
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2500 in parvulis trahitur a concupiscentia, sine qua actus venereus esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2501 non potest, ut patet per Augustinum, in libro de nuptiis et Concup.
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2502 Ergo nullus actus venereus potest esse sine peccato.</p><p title="II-II q. 153 a. 2 s. c."><a name="45099"><span class="ref">[45099] IIª-IIae, q. 153 a. 2 s. c.</span></a> Sed
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2503 contra est quod Augustinus dicit, in libro de bono Coniug.,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2504 <i>satis responsum est haereticis, si tamen capiunt, non esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2505 peccatum quod neque contra naturam committitur, neque contra morem,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2506 neque contra praeceptum</i>. Et loquitur de actu venereo quo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2507 antiqui patres pluribus coniugibus utebantur. Ergo non omnis actus
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2508 venereus est peccatum.</p><p title="II-II q. 153 a. 2 co."><a name="45100"><span class="ref">[45100] IIª-IIae, q. 153 a. 2 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2509 dicendum quod peccatum in humanis actibus est quod est contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2510 ordinem rationis. Habet autem hoc rationis ordo, ut quaelibet
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2511 convenienter ordinet in suum finem. Et ideo non est peccatum si per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2512 rationem homo utatur rebus aliquibus ad finem ad quem sunt, modo et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2513 ordine convenienti, dummodo ille finis sit aliquod vere bonum.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2514 Sicut autem est vere bonum quod conservetur corporalis natura unius
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2515 individui, ita etiam est quoddam bonum excellens quod conservetur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2516 natura speciei humanae. Sicut autem ad conservationem vitae unius
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2517 hominis ordinatur usus ciborum, ita etiam ad conservationem totius
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2518 humani generis usus venereorum, unde Augustinus dicit, in libro de
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2519 bono Coniug., quod est <i>cibus ad salutem hominis</i>, hoc est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2520 concubitus ad salutem generis. Et ideo, sicut usus ciborum potest
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2521 esse absque peccato, si fiat debito modo et ordine, secundum quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2522 competit saluti corporis; ita etiam et usus venereorum potest esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2523 absque omni peccato, si fiat debito modo et ordine, secundum quod
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
2524 est conveniens ad finem generationis humanae.</p><p title="II-II q. 153 a. 2 ad 1"><a name="45101"><span class="ref">[45101] IIª-IIae, q. 153 a. 2 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2525 ergo dicendum quod aliquid potest impedire virtutem dupliciter. Uno
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2526 modo, quantum ad communem statum virtutis, et sic non impeditur
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2527 virtus nisi per peccatum. Alio modo, quantum ad perfectum virtutis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2528 statum, et sic potest impediri virtus per aliquid quod non est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2529 peccatum, sed est minus bonum. Et hoc modo usus feminae deiicit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2530 animum, non a virtute, sed ab arce, idest perfectione virtutis.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2531 Unde Augustinus dicit, in libro de bono Coniug., <i>sicut bonum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2532 erat quod Martha faciebat occupata circa ministerium sanctorum, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2533 melius quod Maria audiens verbum Dei; ita etiam bonum Susannae in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2534 castitate coniugali laudamus, sed bonum viduae Annae, et magis
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
2535 Mariae virginis, anteponimus</i>.</p><p title="II-II q. 153 a. 2 ad 2"><a name="45102"><span class="ref">[45102] IIª-IIae, q. 153 a. 2 ad 2</span></a> Ad
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2536 secundum dicendum quod, sicut supra dictum est, medium virtutis non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2537 attenditur secundum quantitatem, sed secundum quod convenit rationi
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2538 rectae. Et ideo abundantia delectationis quae est in actu venereo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2539 secundum rationem ordinato, non contrariatur medio virtutis. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2540 praeterea ad virtutem non pertinet quantum sensus exterior
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2541 delectetur, quod consequitur corporis dispositionem, sed quantum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2542 appetitus interior ad huiusmodi delectationes afficiatur. Nec hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2543 etiam quod ratio non potest liberum actum rationis ad spiritualia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2544 consideranda simul cum illa delectatione habere, ostendit quod
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2545 actus ille sit contrarius virtuti. Non enim est contrarium virtuti
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2546 si rationis actus aliquando intermittatur aliquo quod secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2547 rationem fit, alioquin, quod aliquis se somno tradit, esset contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2548 virtutem. Hoc tamen quod concupiscentia et delectatio venereorum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2549 non subiacet imperio et moderationi rationis, provenit ex poena
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2550 primi peccati, inquantum scilicet ratio rebellis Deo meruit habere
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2551 suam carnem rebellem, ut patet per Augustinum, XIII de Civ.
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2552 Dei.</p><p title="II-II q. 153 a. 2 ad 3"><a name="45103"><span class="ref">[45103] IIª-IIae, q. 153 a. 2 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2553 dicendum quod, sicut Augustinus ibidem dicit, quod <i>ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2554 concupiscentia carnis, quae regeneratis non imputatur in peccatum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2555 tanquam ex filia peccati, proles nascitur originali obligata
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2556 peccato</i>. Unde non sequitur quod actus ille sit peccatum, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2557 quod in illo actu sit aliquid poenale a peccato primo
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2558 derivatum.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 3</h3><p title="II-II q. 153 a. 3 arg. 1"><a name="45104"><span class="ref">[45104] IIª-IIae, q. 153 a. 3 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2559 tertium sic proceditur. Videtur quod luxuria quae est circa actus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2560 venereos, non possit esse aliquod peccatum. Per actum enim venereum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2561 semen emittitur, quod est superfluum alimenti, ut patet per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2562 philosophum, in libro de Generat. Animal. Sed in emissione aliarum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2563 superfluitatum non attenditur aliquod peccatum. Ergo neque circa
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
2564 actus venereos potest esse aliquod peccatum.</p><p title="II-II q. 153 a. 3 arg. 2"><a name="45105"><span class="ref">[45105] IIª-IIae, q. 153 a. 3 arg. 2</span></a>
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2565 Praeterea, quilibet potest licite uti ut libet, eo quod suum est.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2566 Sed in actu venereo homo non utitur nisi eo quod suum est, nisi
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2567 forte in adulterio vel raptu. Ergo in usu venereo non potest esse
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
2568 peccatum. Et ita luxuria non erit peccatum.</p><p title="II-II q. 153 a. 3 arg. 3"><a name="45106"><span class="ref">[45106] IIª-IIae, q. 153 a. 3 arg. 3</span></a>
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2569 Praeterea, omne peccatum habet vitium oppositum. Sed luxuriae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2570 nullum vitium videtur esse oppositum. Ergo luxuria non est
59
03759e5c1080 fix multi-para s.c.
ht
parents: 53
diff changeset
2571 peccatum.</p><div class="sc"><p title="II-II q. 153 a. 3 s. c. 1"><a name="45107"><span class="ref">[45107] IIª-IIae, q. 153 a. 3 s. c. 1</span></a> Sed
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2572 contra est quod causa est potior effectu. Sed vinum prohibetur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2573 propter luxuriam, secundum illud apostoli, Ephes. V, <i>nolite
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2574 inebriari vino, in quo est luxuria</i>. Ergo luxuria est
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2575 prohibita.</p><p title="II-II q. 153 a. 3 s. c. 2"><a name="45108"><span class="ref">[45108] IIª-IIae, q. 153 a. 3 s. c. 2</span></a>
59
03759e5c1080 fix multi-para s.c.
ht
parents: 53
diff changeset
2576 Praeterea, Galat. V, enumeratur inter opera carnis.</p></div><p title="II-II q. 153 a. 3 co."><a name="45109"><span class="ref">[45109] IIª-IIae, q. 153 a. 3 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2577 dicendum quod quanto aliquid est magis necessarium, tanto magis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2578 oportet ut circa illud rationis ordo servetur. Unde per consequens
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2579 magis est vitiosum si ordo rationis praetermittatur. Usus autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2580 venereorum, sicut dictum est, est valde necessarius ad bonum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2581 commune, quod est conservatio humani generis. Et ideo circa hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2582 maxime attendi debet rationis ordo. Et per consequens, si quid
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2583 circa hoc fiat praeter id quod ordo rationis habet, vitiosum erit.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2584 Hoc autem pertinet ad rationem luxuriae, ut ordinem et modum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2585 rationis excedat circa venerea. Et ideo absque dubio luxuria est
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2586 peccatum.</p><p title="II-II q. 153 a. 3 ad 1"><a name="45110"><span class="ref">[45110] IIª-IIae, q. 153 a. 3 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2587 ergo dicendum quod, sicut philosophus, in eodem libro, dicit, semen
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2588 est superfluum quo indigetur, dicitur enim superfluum ex eo quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2589 residuum est operationis virtutis nutritivae, tamen indigetur eo ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2590 opus virtutis generativae. Sed aliae superfluitates humani corporis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2591 sunt quibus non indigetur. Et ideo non refert qualitercumque
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2592 emittantur, salva decentia convictus humani. Sed non est simile in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2593 seminis emissione, quae taliter debet fieri ut conveniat fini ad
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2594 quem eo indigetur.</p><p title="II-II q. 153 a. 3 ad 2"><a name="45111"><span class="ref">[45111] IIª-IIae, q. 153 a. 3 ad 2</span></a> Ad
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2595 secundum dicendum quod, sicut apostolus dicit, I ad Cor. VI, contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2596 luxuriam loquens, <i>empti estis pretio magno. Glorificate ergo et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2597 portate Deum in corpore vestro</i>. Ex eo ergo quod aliquis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2598 inordinate suo corpore utitur per luxuriam, iniuriam facit domino,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2599 qui est principalis dominus corporis nostri. Unde et Augustinus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2600 dicit, in libro de decem chordis, <i>dominus, qui gubernat servos
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2601 suos ad utilitatem illorum, non suam, hoc praecepit, ne per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2602 illicitas voluptates corruat templum eius, quod esse
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2603 coepisti</i>.</p><p title="II-II q. 153 a. 3 ad 3"><a name="45112"><span class="ref">[45112] IIª-IIae, q. 153 a. 3 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2604 dicendum quod oppositum luxuriae non contingit in multis, eo quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2605 homines magis sint proni ad delectationes. Et tamen oppositum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2606 vitium continetur sub insensibilitate. Et accidit hoc vitium in eo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2607 qui in tantum detestatur mulierum usum quod etiam uxori debitum non
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2608 reddit.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 4</h3><p title="II-II q. 153 a. 4 arg. 1"><a name="45113"><span class="ref">[45113] IIª-IIae, q. 153 a. 4 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2609 quartum sic proceditur. Videtur quod luxuria non sit vitium
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2610 capitale. Luxuria enim videtur idem esse immunditiae, ut patet per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2611 Glossam, Ephes. V. Sed immunditia est filia gulae, ut patet per
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2612 Gregorium, XXXI Moral. Ergo luxuria non est vitium capitale.</p><p title="II-II q. 153 a. 4 arg. 2"><a name="45114"><span class="ref">[45114] IIª-IIae, q. 153 a. 4 arg. 2</span></a>
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2613 Praeterea, Isidorus dicit, in libro de summo bono, quod <i>sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2614 per superbiam mentis itur in prostitutionem libidinis, ita per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2615 humilitatem mentis salva fit castitas carnis</i>. Sed contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2616 rationem capitalis vitii esse videtur quod ex alio vitio oriatur.
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2617 Ergo luxuria non est vitium capitale.</p><p title="II-II q. 153 a. 4 arg. 3"><a name="45115"><span class="ref">[45115] IIª-IIae, q. 153 a. 4 arg. 3</span></a>
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2618 Praeterea, luxuria causatur ex desperatione, secundum illud Ephes.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2619 IV, <i>qui, desperantes, seipsos tradiderunt impudicitiae</i>. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2620 desperatio non est vitium capitale, quinimmo ponitur filia acediae,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2621 ut supra habitum est. Ergo multo minus luxuria est vitium
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2622 capitale.</p><p title="II-II q. 153 a. 4 s. c."><a name="45116"><span class="ref">[45116] IIª-IIae, q. 153 a. 4 s. c.</span></a> Sed
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2623 contra est quod Gregorius, XXXI Moral., ponit luxuriam inter vitia
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2624 capitalia.</p><p title="II-II q. 153 a. 4 co."><a name="45117"><span class="ref">[45117] IIª-IIae, q. 153 a. 4 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2625 dicendum quod, sicut ex dictis patet, vitium capitale est quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2626 habet finem multum appetibilem, ita quod ex eius appetitu homo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2627 procedit ad multa peccata perpetranda, quae omnia ex illo vitio
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2628 tanquam ex principali oriri dicuntur. Finis autem luxuriae est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2629 delectatio venereorum, quae est maxima. Unde huiusmodi delectatio
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2630 est maxime appetibilis secundum appetitum sensitivum, tum propter
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2631 vehementiam delectationis; tum etiam propter connaturalitatem huius
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2632 concupiscentiae. Unde manifestum est quod luxuria est vitium
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2633 capitale.</p><p title="II-II q. 153 a. 4 ad 1"><a name="45118"><span class="ref">[45118] IIª-IIae, q. 153 a. 4 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2634 ergo dicendum quod immunditia, secundum quosdam, quae ponitur filia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2635 gulae, est quaedam immunditia corporalis, ut supra dictum est. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2636 sic obiectio non est ad propositum. Si vero accipiatur pro
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2637 immunditia luxuriae, sic dicendum quod ex gula causatur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2638 materialiter, inquantum scilicet gula ministrat materiam corporalem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2639 luxuriae, non autem secundum rationem causae finalis, secundum quam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2640 potissime attenditur origo aliorum vitiorum ex vitiis
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2641 capitalibus.</p><p title="II-II q. 153 a. 4 ad 2"><a name="45119"><span class="ref">[45119] IIª-IIae, q. 153 a. 4 ad 2</span></a> Ad
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2642 secundum dicendum quod, sicut supra dictum est, cum de inani gloria
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2643 ageretur, superbia ponitur communis mater omnium peccatorum, et
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2644 ideo etiam vitia capitalia ex superbia oriuntur.</p><p title="II-II q. 153 a. 4 ad 3"><a name="45120"><span class="ref">[45120] IIª-IIae, q. 153 a. 4 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2645 dicendum quod a delectationibus luxuriae praecipue aliqui abstinent
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2646 propter spem futurae gloriae, quam desperatio subtrahit. Et ideo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2647 causat luxuriam sicut removens prohibens, non sicut per se causa,
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2648 quod videtur requiri ad vitia capitalia.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 5</h3><p title="II-II q. 153 a. 5 arg. 1"><a name="45121"><span class="ref">[45121] IIª-IIae, q. 153 a. 5 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2649 quintum sic proceditur. Videtur quod inconvenienter dicantur esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2650 filiae luxuriae <i>caecitas mentis, inconsideratio, inconstantia,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2651 praecipitatio, amor sui, odium Dei, affectus praesentis saeculi,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2652 horror vel desperatio futuri</i>. Quia caecitas mentis et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2653 inconsideratio et praecipitatio pertinent ad imprudentiam, quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2654 invenitur in omni peccato, sicut et prudentia in omni virtute. Ergo
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2655 non debent poni speciales filiae luxuriae.</p><p title="II-II q. 153 a. 5 arg. 2"><a name="45122"><span class="ref">[45122] IIª-IIae, q. 153 a. 5 arg. 2</span></a>
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2656 Praeterea, constantia ponitur pars fortitudinis, ut supra habitum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2657 est. Sed luxuria non opponitur fortitudini, sed temperantiae. Ergo
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2658 inconstantia non est filia luxuriae.</p><p title="II-II q. 153 a. 5 arg. 3"><a name="45123"><span class="ref">[45123] IIª-IIae, q. 153 a. 5 arg. 3</span></a>
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2659 Praeterea, amor sui usque ad contemptum Dei est principium omnis
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2660 peccati, ut patet per Augustinum, XIV de Civ. Dei. Non ergo debet
53
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diff changeset
2661 poni filia luxuriae.</p><p title="II-II q. 153 a. 5 arg. 4"><a name="45124"><span class="ref">[45124] IIª-IIae, q. 153 a. 5 arg. 4</span></a>
28
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diff changeset
2662 Praeterea, Isidorus ponit quatuor, scilicet <i>turpiloquia,
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diff changeset
2663 scurrilia, ludicra, stultiloquia</i>. Ergo praedicta enumeratio
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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diff changeset
2664 videtur esse superflua.</p><p title="II-II q. 153 a. 5 s. c."><a name="45125"><span class="ref">[45125] IIª-IIae, q. 153 a. 5 s. c.</span></a> Sed
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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diff changeset
2665 contra est auctoritas Gregorii, XXXI Moral.</p><p title="II-II q. 153 a. 5 co."><a name="45126"><span class="ref">[45126] IIª-IIae, q. 153 a. 5 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2666 dicendum quod quando inferiores potentiae vehementer afficiuntur ad
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2667 sua obiecta, consequens est quod superiores vires impediantur et
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2668 deordinentur in suis actibus. Per vitium autem luxuriae maxime
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2669 appetitus inferior, scilicet concupiscibilis, vehementer intendit
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2670 suo obiecto, scilicet delectabili, propter vehementiam
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2671 delectationis. Et ideo consequens est quod per luxuriam maxime
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2672 superiores vires deordinentur, scilicet ratio et voluntas. Sunt
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2673 autem rationis quatuor actus in agendis. Primo quidem, simplex
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2674 intelligentia, quae apprehendit aliquem finem ut bonum. Et hic
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2675 actus impeditur per luxuriam, secundum illud Dan. XIII, <i>species
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2676 decepit te, et concupiscentia subvertit cor tuum</i>. Et quantum ad
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2677 hoc, ponitur caecitas mentis. Secundus actus est consilium de his
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2678 quae sunt agenda propter finem. Et hoc etiam impeditur per
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2679 concupiscentiam luxuriae, unde Terentius dicit, in eunucho, loquens
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2680 de amore libidinoso, <i>quae res in se neque consilium neque modum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2681 habet ullum, eam consilio regere non potes</i>. Et quantum ad hoc,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2682 ponitur praecipitatio, quae importat subtractionem consilii, ut
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2683 supra habitum est, tertius autem actus est iudicium de agendis. Et
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2684 hoc etiam impeditur per luxuriam, dicitur enim Dan. XIII, de
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2685 senibus luxuriosis, <i>averterunt sensum suum, ut non recordarentur
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2686 iudiciorum iustorum</i>. Et quantum ad hoc, ponitur inconsideratio.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2687 Quartus autem actus est praeceptum rationis de agendo. Quod etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2688 impeditur per luxuriam, inquantum scilicet homo impeditur ex impetu
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2689 concupiscentiae ne exequatur id quod decrevit esse faciendum. Unde
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2690 Terentius dicit, in eunucho, de quodam qui dicebat se recessurum ab
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2691 amica, <i>haec verba una falsa lacrimula restringet</i>. Ex parte
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2692 autem voluntatis, consequitur duplex actus inordinatus. Quorum unus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2693 est appetitus finis. Et quantum ad hoc, ponitur amor sui, quantum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2694 scilicet ad delectationem quam inordinate appetit, et per oppositum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2695 ponitur odium Dei, inquantum scilicet prohibet delectationem
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2696 concupitam. Alius autem est appetitus eorum quae sunt ad finem. Et
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2697 quantum ad hoc, ponitur affectus praesentis saeculi, in quo
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2698 scilicet aliquis vult frui voluptate, et per oppositum ponitur
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2699 desperatio futuri saeculi, quia dum nimis detinetur carnalibus
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2700 delectationibus, non curat pervenire ad spirituales, sed fastidit
53
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diff changeset
2701 eas.</p><p title="II-II q. 153 a. 5 ad 1"><a name="45127"><span class="ref">[45127] IIª-IIae, q. 153 a. 5 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2702 ergo dicendum quod, sicut philosophus dicit, in VI Ethic.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2703 intemperantia maxime corrumpit prudentiam. Et ideo vitia opposita
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2704 prudentiae maxime oriuntur ex luxuria, quae est praecipua
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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diff changeset
2705 intemperantiae species.</p><p title="II-II q. 153 a. 5 ad 2"><a name="45128"><span class="ref">[45128] IIª-IIae, q. 153 a. 5 ad 2</span></a> Ad
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2706 secundum dicendum quod constantia in arduis et terribilibus ponitur
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2707 pars fortitudinis. Sed constantiam habere in abstinendo a
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2708 delectationibus pertinet ad continentiam, quae ponitur pars
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2709 temperantiae, ut supra dictum est. Et ideo inconstantia quae ei
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2710 opponitur, ponitur filia luxuriae. Et tamen etiam prima
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2711 inconstantia ex luxuria causatur, inquantum emollit cor hominis et
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2712 effeminatum reddit, secundum illud Osee IV, <i>fornicatio, et vinum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2713 et ebrietas, aufert cor</i>. Et Vegetius dicit, in libro de re
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2714 militari, quod <i>minus mortem metuit qui minus deliciarum novit in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2715 vita</i>. Nec oportet, sicut saepe dictum est, quod filiae vitii
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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diff changeset
2716 capitalis cum eo in materia conveniant.</p><p title="II-II q. 153 a. 5 ad 3"><a name="45129"><span class="ref">[45129] IIª-IIae, q. 153 a. 5 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2717 dicendum quod amor sui quantum ad quaecumque bona quae sibi aliquis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2718 appetit, est commune principium peccatorum. Sed quantum ad hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2719 specialiter quod aliquis appetit sibi delectabilia carnis, ponitur
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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diff changeset
2720 amor sui filia luxuriae.</p><p title="II-II q. 153 a. 5 ad 4"><a name="45130"><span class="ref">[45130] IIª-IIae, q. 153 a. 5 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2721 dicendum quod illa quae Isidorus ponit, sunt quidam inordinati
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2722 actus exteriores, et praecipue ad locutionem pertinentes. In qua
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2723 est aliquid inordinatum quadrupliciter. Uno modo, propter materiam.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2724 Et sic ponuntur turpiloquia. Quia enim ex abundantia cordis os
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2725 loquitur, ut dicitur Matth. XII, luxuriosi, quorum cor est turpibus
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2726 concupiscentiis plenum, de facili ad turpia verba prorumpunt.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2727 Secundo, ex parte causae. Quia enim luxuria inconsiderationem et
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2728 praecipitationem causat, consequens est quod faciat prorumpere in
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2729 verba leviter et inconsiderate dicta, quae dicuntur scurrilia.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2730 Tertio, quantum ad finem. Quia enim luxuriosus delectationem
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2731 quaerit, etiam verba sua ad delectationem ordinat, et sic prorumpit
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2732 in verba ludicra. Quarto, quantum ad sententiam verborum, quam
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2733 pervertit luxuria, propter caecitatem mentis quam causat. Et sic
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2734 prorumpit in stultiloquia, utpote cum suis verbis praefert
59
03759e5c1080 fix multi-para s.c.
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parents: 53
diff changeset
2735 delectationes quas appetit, quibuscumque aliis rebus.</p></div></div><div id="q154" class="q"><h2>Quaestio 154</h2><div class="p"><h3>Prooemium</h3><p title="II-II q. 154 pr."><a name="45131"><span class="ref">[45131] IIª-IIae, q. 154 pr.</span></a> Deinde
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2736 considerandum est de luxuriae partibus. Et circa hoc quaeruntur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2737 duodecim. Primo, de divisione partium luxuriae. Secundo, utrum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2738 fornicatio simplex sit peccatum mortale. Tertio, utrum sit maximum
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2739 peccatorum. Quarto, utrum in tactibus et osculis et aliis huiusmodi
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2740 illecebris consistat peccatum mortale. Quinto, utrum nocturna
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2741 pollutio sit peccatum. Sexto, de stupro. Septimo, de raptu. Octavo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2742 de adulterio. Nono, de incestu. Decimo, de sacrilegio. Undecimo, de
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2743 peccato contra naturam. Duodecimo, de ordine gravitatis in
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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diff changeset
2744 praedictis speciebus.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 1</h3><p title="II-II q. 154 a. 1 arg. 1"><a name="45132"><span class="ref">[45132] IIª-IIae, q. 154 a. 1 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2745 primum sic proceditur. Videtur quod inconvenienter assignentur sex
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2746 species luxuriae, scilicet, <i>fornicatio simplex, adulterium,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2747 incestus, stuprum, raptus et vitium contra naturam</i>. Diversitas
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2748 enim materiae non diversificat speciem. Sed praedicta divisio
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2749 sumitur secundum materiae diversitatem, prout scilicet aliquis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2750 commiscetur coniugatae, vel virgini, vel alterius conditionis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2751 mulieri. Ergo videtur quod per hoc species luxuriae non
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2752 diversificentur.</p><p title="II-II q. 154 a. 1 arg. 2"><a name="45133"><span class="ref">[45133] IIª-IIae, q. 154 a. 1 arg. 2</span></a>
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2753 Praeterea, species vitii unius non videntur diversificari per ea
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2754 quae pertinent ad aliud vitium. Sed adulterium non differt a
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2755 simplici fornicatione nisi in hoc quod aliquis accedit ad eam quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2756 est alterius, et sic iniustitiam committit. Ergo videtur quod
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
2757 adulterium non debet poni species luxuriae.</p><p title="II-II q. 154 a. 1 arg. 3"><a name="45134"><span class="ref">[45134] IIª-IIae, q. 154 a. 1 arg. 3</span></a>
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2758 Praeterea, sicut contingit quod aliquis commiscetur mulieri quae
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2759 est alteri viro per matrimonium obligata, ita etiam contingit quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2760 aliquis commiscetur mulieri quae est obligata Deo per votum. Sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2761 ergo adulterium ponitur species luxuriae, ita et sacrilegium
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2762 species luxuriae poni debet.</p><p title="II-II q. 154 a. 1 arg. 4"><a name="45135"><span class="ref">[45135] IIª-IIae, q. 154 a. 1 arg. 4</span></a>
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2763 Praeterea, ille qui est matrimonio iunctus non solum peccat si ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2764 aliam mulierem accedat, sed etiam si sua coniuge inordinate utatur.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2765 Sed hoc peccatum sub luxuria continetur. Ergo deberet inter species
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2766 luxuriae computari.</p><p title="II-II q. 154 a. 1 arg. 5"><a name="45136"><span class="ref">[45136] IIª-IIae, q. 154 a. 1 arg. 5</span></a>
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2767 Praeterea, apostolus, II ad Cor. XII, dicit, <i>ne iterum, cum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2768 venero, humiliet me Deus apud vos, et lugeam multos ex his qui ante
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2769 peccaverunt, et non egerunt poenitentiam super immunditia et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2770 fornicatione et impudicitia quam gesserunt</i>. Ergo videtur quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2771 etiam immunditia et impudicitia debeant poni species luxuriae,
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2772 sicut et fornicatio.</p><p title="II-II q. 154 a. 1 arg. 6"><a name="45137"><span class="ref">[45137] IIª-IIae, q. 154 a. 1 arg. 6</span></a>
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2773 Praeterea, divisum non condividitur dividentibus. Sed luxuria
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2774 condividitur praedictis, dicitur enim Galat. V, <i>manifesta sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2775 opera carnis, quae sunt fornicatio, immunditia, impudicitia,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2776 luxuria</i>. Ergo videtur quod inconvenienter fornicatio ponatur
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2777 species luxuriae.</p><p title="II-II q. 154 a. 1 s. c."><a name="45138"><span class="ref">[45138] IIª-IIae, q. 154 a. 1 s. c.</span></a> Sed
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2778 contra est quod praedicta divisio ponitur in decretis, XXXVI Caus.,
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
2779 qu. I.</p><p title="II-II q. 154 a. 1 co."><a name="45139"><span class="ref">[45139] IIª-IIae, q. 154 a. 1 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2780 dicendum quod, sicut dictum est, peccatum luxuriae consistit in hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2781 quod aliquis non secundum rectam rationem delectatione venerea
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2782 utitur. Quod quidem contingit dupliciter, uno modo, secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2783 materiam in qua huiusmodi delectationem quaerit; alio modo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2784 secundum quod, materia debita existente, non observantur aliae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2785 debitae conditiones. Et quia circumstantia, inquantum huiusmodi,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2786 non dat speciem actui morali, sed eius species sumitur ab obiecto,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2787 quod est materia actus; ideo oportuit species luxuriae assignari ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2788 parte materiae vel obiecti. Quae quidem potest non convenire
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2789 rationi rectae dupliciter. Uno modo, quia habet repugnantiam ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2790 finem venerei actus. Et sic, inquantum impeditur generatio prolis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2791 est vitium contra naturam, quod est in omni actu venereo ex quo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2792 generatio sequi non potest. Inquantum autem impeditur debita
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2793 educatio et promotio prolis natae, est fornicatio simplex, quae est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2794 soluti cum soluta. Alio modo materia in qua exercetur actus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2795 venereus, potest esse non conveniens rationi rectae per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2796 comparationem ad alios homines. Et hoc dupliciter. Primo quidem, ex
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2797 parte ipsius feminae cui aliquis commiscetur, quia ei debitus honor
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2798 non servatur. Et sic est incestus, qui consistit in abusu mulierum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2799 consanguinitate vel affinitate iunctarum. Secundo, ex parte eius in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2800 cuius potestate est femina. Quia si est in potestate viri, est
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2801 adulterium, si autem est in potestate patris, est stuprum, si non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2802 inferatur violentia; raptus autem, si inferatur. Diversificantur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2803 autem istae species magis ex parte feminae quam viri. Quia in actu
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2804 venereo femina se habet sicut patiens et per modum materiae, vir
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2805 autem per modum agentis. Dictum est autem quod praedictae species
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
2806 secundum differentiam materiae assignantur.</p><p title="II-II q. 154 a. 1 ad 1"><a name="45140"><span class="ref">[45140] IIª-IIae, q. 154 a. 1 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2807 ergo dicendum quod praedicta diversitas materiae habet annexam
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2808 diversitatem formalem obiecti, quae accipitur secundum diversos
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2809 modos repugnantiae ad rationem rectam, ut dictum est.</p><p title="II-II q. 154 a. 1 ad 2"><a name="45141"><span class="ref">[45141] IIª-IIae, q. 154 a. 1 ad 2</span></a> Ad
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2810 secundum dicendum quod nihil prohibet in eodem actu diversorum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2811 vitiorum deformitates concurrere, ut supra dictum est. Et hoc modo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2812 adulterium continetur sub luxuria et sub iniustitia. Nec deformitas
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2813 iniustitiae omnino per accidens se habet ad luxuriam. Ostenditur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2814 enim luxuria gravior quae in tantum concupiscentiam sequitur quod
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2815 etiam in iniustitiam ducat.</p><p title="II-II q. 154 a. 1 ad 3"><a name="45142"><span class="ref">[45142] IIª-IIae, q. 154 a. 1 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2816 dicendum quod mulier vovens continentiam quoddam spirituale
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2817 matrimonium facit cum Deo. Et ideo sacrilegium quod committitur in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2818 violatione talis mulieris, est quoddam adulterium spirituale. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2819 similiter alii modi sacrilegii reducuntur ad alias species
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2820 luxuriae.</p><p title="II-II q. 154 a. 1 ad 4"><a name="45143"><span class="ref">[45143] IIª-IIae, q. 154 a. 1 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2821 dicendum quod peccatum coniugati cum sua uxore non est secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2822 indebitam materiam, sed secundum alias circumstantias quae non
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2823 constituunt speciem moralis actus, ut dictum est.</p><p title="II-II q. 154 a. 1 ad 5"><a name="45144"><span class="ref">[45144] IIª-IIae, q. 154 a. 1 ad 5</span></a> Ad quintum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2824 dicendum quod, sicut dicit Glossa ibidem, immunditia ponitur pro
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2825 luxuria contra naturam. Impudicitia autem est quae fit cum liberis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2826 a viro, unde videtur ad stuprum pertinere. Vel potest dici quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2827 impudicitia pertinet ad quosdam actus circumstantes actum venereum,
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2828 sicut sunt oscula, tactus et alia huiusmodi.</p><p title="II-II q. 154 a. 1 ad 6"><a name="45145"><span class="ref">[45145] IIª-IIae, q. 154 a. 1 ad 6</span></a> Ad sextum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2829 dicendum quod luxuria sumitur ibidem pro quacumque superfluitate,
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2830 ut Glossa ibidem dicit.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 2</h3><p title="II-II q. 154 a. 2 arg. 1"><a name="45146"><span class="ref">[45146] IIª-IIae, q. 154 a. 2 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2831 secundum sic proceditur. Videtur quod fornicatio simplex non sit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2832 peccatum mortale. Ea enim quae simul connumerantur, videntur esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2833 unius rationis. Sed fornicatio connumeratur quibusdam quae non sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2834 peccata mortalia, dicitur enim Act. XV, <i>abstineatis vos ab
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2835 immolatis simulacrorum, et sanguine et suffocato, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2836 fornicatione</i>; illorum autem usus non est peccatum mortale,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2837 secundum illud I ad Tim. IV, <i>nihil reiiciendum quod cum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2838 gratiarum actione percipitur</i>. Ergo fornicatio non est peccatum
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2839 mortale.</p><p title="II-II q. 154 a. 2 arg. 2"><a name="45147"><span class="ref">[45147] IIª-IIae, q. 154 a. 2 arg. 2</span></a>
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2840 Praeterea, nullum peccatum mortale cadit sub praecepto divino. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2841 Osee I praecipitur a domino, <i>vade, sume tibi uxorem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2842 fornicationum, et fac filios fornicationum</i>. Ergo fornicatio non
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2843 est peccatum mortale.</p><p title="II-II q. 154 a. 2 arg. 3"><a name="45148"><span class="ref">[45148] IIª-IIae, q. 154 a. 2 arg. 3</span></a>
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2844 Praeterea, nullum peccatum mortale in Scriptura sacra absque
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2845 reprehensione commemoratur. Sed fornicatio simplex commemoratur in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2846 Scriptura in antiquis patribus sine reprehensione, sicut legitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2847 Gen. XVI de Abraham quod accessit ad Agar, ancillam suam; et infra,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2848 XXX, legitur de Iacob quod accessit ad ancillas uxorum suarum Balam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2849 et Zelpham; et infra, XXXVIII, legitur quod Iudas accessit ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2850 Thamar, quam aestimavit meretricem. Ergo fornicatio simplex non est
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2851 peccatum mortale.</p><p title="II-II q. 154 a. 2 arg. 4"><a name="45149"><span class="ref">[45149] IIª-IIae, q. 154 a. 2 arg. 4</span></a>
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2852 Praeterea, omne peccatum mortale contrariatur caritati. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2853 fornicatio simplex non contrariatur caritati, neque quantum ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2854 dilectionem Dei, quia non est directe peccatum contra Deum; nec
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2855 etiam quantum ad dilectionem proximi, quia per hoc homo nulli
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2856 homini facit iniuriam. Ergo fornicatio simplex non est peccatum
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2857 mortale.</p><p title="II-II q. 154 a. 2 arg. 5"><a name="45150"><span class="ref">[45150] IIª-IIae, q. 154 a. 2 arg. 5</span></a>
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2858 Praeterea, omne peccatum mortale ducit in perditionem aeternam. Hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2859 autem non facit fornicatio simplex, quia super illud I ad Tim. IV,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2860 <i>pietas ad omnia utilis est</i>, dicit Glossa Ambrosii, <i>omnis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2861 summa disciplinae Christianae in misericordia et pietate est. Quam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2862 aliquis sequens, si lubricum carnis patitur, sine dubio vapulabit,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2863 sed non peribit</i>. Ergo fornicatio simplex non est peccatum
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2864 mortale.</p><p title="II-II q. 154 a. 2 arg. 6"><a name="45151"><span class="ref">[45151] IIª-IIae, q. 154 a. 2 arg. 6</span></a>
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2865 Praeterea, sicut Augustinus dicit, in libro de Bon. Coniug.,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2866 <i>quod est cibus ad salutem corporis, hoc est concubitus ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2867 salutem generis</i>. Sed non omnis inordinatus usus ciborum est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2868 peccatum mortale. Ergo nec omnis inordinatus concubitus. Quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2869 maxime videtur de fornicatione simplici, quae minima est inter
59
03759e5c1080 fix multi-para s.c.
ht
parents: 53
diff changeset
2870 species enumeratas.</p><div class="sc"><p title="II-II q. 154 a. 2 s. c. 1"><a name="45152"><span class="ref">[45152] IIª-IIae, q. 154 a. 2 s. c. 1</span></a> Sed
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2871 contra est quod dicitur Tobiae IV, <i>attende tibi ab omni
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2872 fornicatione, et praeter uxorem tuam, non patiaris crimen
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2873 scire</i>. Crimen autem importat peccatum mortale. Ergo fornicatio,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2874 et omnis concubitus qui est praeter uxorem, est peccatum
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2875 mortale.</p><p title="II-II q. 154 a. 2 s. c. 2"><a name="45153"><span class="ref">[45153] IIª-IIae, q. 154 a. 2 s. c. 2</span></a>
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2876 Praeterea, nihil excludit a regno Dei nisi peccatum mortale.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2877 Fornicatio autem excludit, ut patet per apostolum, Galat. V, ubi,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2878 praemissa fornicatione, et quibusdam aliis vitiis, subdit, <i>qui
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2879 talia agunt, regnum Dei non possidebunt</i>. Ergo fornicatio
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2880 simplex est peccatum mortale.</p><p title="II-II q. 154 a. 2 s. c. 3"><a name="45154"><span class="ref">[45154] IIª-IIae, q. 154 a. 2 s. c. 3</span></a>
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2881 Praeterea, in decretis dicitur, XXII Caus., qu. I, <i>nosse debent
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2882 talem de periurio poenitentiam imponi debere qualem de adulterio et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2883 fornicatione, et de homicidio sponte commisso, et de ceteris
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2884 criminalibus vitiis</i>. Ergo fornicatio simplex est peccatum
59
03759e5c1080 fix multi-para s.c.
ht
parents: 53
diff changeset
2885 criminale, sive mortale.</p></div><p title="II-II q. 154 a. 2 co."><a name="45155"><span class="ref">[45155] IIª-IIae, q. 154 a. 2 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2886 dicendum quod absque omni dubio tenendum est quod fornicatio
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2887 simplex sit peccatum mortale, non obstante quod Deut. XXIII, super
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2888 illud, non erit meretrix etc., dicit Glossa, <i>ad eas prohibet
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2889 accedere quarum est venialis turpitudo</i>. Non enim debet dici
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2890 venialis, sed venalis, quod est proprium meretricum. Ad huius autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2891 evidentiam, considerandum est quod peccatum mortale est omne
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2892 peccatum quod committitur directe contra vitam hominis. Fornicatio
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2893 autem simplex importat inordinationem quae vergit in nocumentum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2894 vitae eius qui est ex tali concubitu nasciturus. Videmus enim in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2895 omnibus animalibus in quibus ad educationem prolis requiritur cura
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2896 maris et feminae, quod in eis non est vagus concubitus, sed maris
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2897 ad certam feminam, unam vel plures, sicut patet in omnibus avibus.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2898 Secus autem est in animalibus in quibus sola femina sufficit ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2899 educationem fetus in quibus est vagus concubitus, ut patet in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2900 canibus et aliis huiusmodi animalibus. Manifestum est autem quod ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2901 educationem hominis non solum requiritur cura matris, a qua
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2902 nutritur, sed multo magis cura patris, a quo est instruendus et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2903 defendendus, et in bonis tam interioribus quam exterioribus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2904 promovendus. Et ideo contra naturam hominis est quod utatur vago
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2905 concubitu, sed oportet quod sit maris ad determinatam feminam, cum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2906 qua permaneat, non per modicum tempus, sed diu, vel etiam per totam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2907 vitam. Et inde est quod naturaliter est maribus in specie humana
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2908 sollicitudo de certitudine prolis, quia eis imminet educatio
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2909 prolis. Haec autem certitudo tolleretur si esset vagus concubitus.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2910 Haec autem determinatio certae feminae matrimonium vocatur. Et ideo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2911 dicitur esse de iure naturali. Sed quia concubitus ordinatur ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2912 bonum commune totius humani generis; bona autem communia cadunt sub
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2913 determinatione legis, ut supra habitum est, consequens est quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2914 ista coniunctio maris ad feminam, quae matrimonium dicitur, lege
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2915 aliqua determinetur. Qualiter autem sit apud nos determinatum, in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2916 tertia parte huius operis agetur, cum de matrimonii sacramento
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2917 tractabitur. Unde, cum fornicatio sit concubitus vagus, utpote
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2918 praeter matrimonium existens, est contra bonum prolis educandae. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2919 ideo est peccatum mortale. Nec obstat si aliquis fornicando aliquam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2920 cognoscens, sufficienter provideat proli de educatione. Quia id
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2921 quod cadit sub legis determinatione, iudicatur secundum id quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2922 communiter accidit, et non secundum id quod in aliquo casu potest
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2923 accidere.</p><p title="II-II q. 154 a. 2 ad 1"><a name="45156"><span class="ref">[45156] IIª-IIae, q. 154 a. 2 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2924 ergo dicendum quod fornicatio illis connumeratur, non quia habeat
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2925 eandem rationem culpae cum aliis, sed quantum ad hoc, quod ex his
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2926 quae ibi ponuntur similiter poterat dissidium generari inter
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2927 Iudaeos et gentiles, et eorum unanimis consensus impediri. Quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2928 apud gentiles fornicatio simplex non reputabatur illicita, propter
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2929 corruptionem naturalis rationis, Iudaei autem, ex lege divina
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2930 instructi, eam illicitam reputabant. Alia vero quae ibi ponuntur,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2931 Iudaei abominabantur propter consuetudinem legalis conversationis.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2932 Unde apostoli ea gentilibus interdixerunt, non quasi secundum se
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2933 illicita, sed quasi Iudaeis abominabilia, ut etiam supra dictum
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2934 est.</p><p title="II-II q. 154 a. 2 ad 2"><a name="45157"><span class="ref">[45157] IIª-IIae, q. 154 a. 2 ad 2</span></a> Ad
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2935 secundum dicendum quod fornicatio dicitur esse peccatum, inquantum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2936 est contra rationem rectam. Ratio autem hominis recta est secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2937 quod regulatur voluntate divina, quae est prima et summa regula. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2938 ideo quod homo facit ex voluntate Dei, eius praecepto obediens, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2939 est contra rationem rectam, quamvis videatur esse contra communem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2940 ordinem rationis, sicut etiam non est contra naturam quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2941 miraculose fit virtute divina, quamvis sit contra communem cursum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2942 naturae. Et ideo, sicut Abraham non peccavit filium innocentem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2943 volendo occidere, propter hoc quod obedivit Deo, quamvis hoc,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2944 secundum se consideratum, sit communiter contra rectitudinem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2945 rationis humanae; ita etiam Osee non peccavit fornicando ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2946 praecepto divino. Nec talis concubitus proprie fornicatio debet
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2947 dici, quamvis fornicatio nominetur referendo ad cursum communem.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2948 Unde Augustinus dicit, III Confess., <i>cum Deus aliquid contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2949 morem aut pactum quorumlibet iubet, etsi nunquam ibi factum est,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2950 faciendum est</i>. Et postea subdit, <i>sicut enim in potestatibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2951 societatis humanae maior potestas minori ad obediendum praeponitur,
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2952 ita Deus omnibus</i>.</p><p title="II-II q. 154 a. 2 ad 3"><a name="45158"><span class="ref">[45158] IIª-IIae, q. 154 a. 2 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2953 dicendum quod Abraham et Iacob ad ancillas accesserunt non quasi
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2954 fornicario concubitu, ut infra patebit, cum de matrimonio agetur.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2955 Iudam autem non est necessarium a peccato excusare, qui etiam
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2956 auctor fuit venditionis Ioseph.</p><p title="II-II q. 154 a. 2 ad 4"><a name="45159"><span class="ref">[45159] IIª-IIae, q. 154 a. 2 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2957 dicendum quod fornicatio simplex contrariatur dilectioni proximi
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2958 quantum ad hoc, quod repugnat bono prolis nasciturae, ut ostensum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2959 est, dum scilicet dat operam generationi non secundum quod convenit
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2960 proli nasciturae.</p><p title="II-II q. 154 a. 2 ad 5"><a name="45160"><span class="ref">[45160] IIª-IIae, q. 154 a. 2 ad 5</span></a> Ad quintum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2961 dicendum quod per opera pietatis ille qui lubricum carnis patitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2962 liberatur a perditione aeterna, inquantum per huiusmodi opera
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2963 disponitur ad hoc quod gratiam consequatur per quam poeniteat, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2964 inquantum per huiusmodi opera satisfacit de lubrico carnis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2965 commisso. Non autem ita quod, si in lubrico carnis perseveret
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2966 impoenitens usque ad mortem, per pietatis opera liberetur.</p><p title="II-II q. 154 a. 2 ad 6"><a name="45161"><span class="ref">[45161] IIª-IIae, q. 154 a. 2 ad 6</span></a> Ad sextum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2967 dicendum quod ex uno concubitu potest unus homo generari. Et ideo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2968 inordinatio concubitus, quae impedit bonum prolis nasciturae, ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2969 ipso genere actus est peccatum mortale, et non solum ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2970 inordinatione concupiscentiae. Ex una autem comestione non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2971 impeditur bonum totius vitae unius hominis, et ideo actus gulae ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2972 suo genere non est peccatum mortale. Esset tamen si quis scienter
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2973 cibum comederet qui totam conditionem vitae eius immutaret, sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2974 patet de Adam. Nec tamen fornicatio est minimum peccatorum quae sub
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2975 luxuria continentur. Minus enim est concubitus cum uxore qui fit ex
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2976 libidine.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 3</h3><p title="II-II q. 154 a. 3 arg. 1"><a name="45162"><span class="ref">[45162] IIª-IIae, q. 154 a. 3 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2977 tertium sic proceditur. Videtur quod fornicatio sit gravissimum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2978 peccatum. Tanto enim videtur peccatum gravius, quanto ex maiori
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2979 libidine procedit. Sed maxima libido est in fornicatione dicitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2980 enim in Glossa, I ad Cor. VI, quod ardor libidinis in luxuria est
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2981 maximus. Ergo videtur quod fornicatio sit gravissimum peccatum.</p><p title="II-II q. 154 a. 3 arg. 2"><a name="45163"><span class="ref">[45163] IIª-IIae, q. 154 a. 3 arg. 2</span></a>
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2982 Praeterea, tanto aliquis gravius peccat, quanto in rem sibi magis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2983 coniunctam delinquit, sicut gravius peccat qui percutit patrem quam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2984 qui percutit extraneum. Sed sicut dicitur I Cor. VI, <i>qui
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2985 fornicatur, in corpus suum peccat</i>, quod est homini
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2986 coniunctissimum. Ergo videtur quod fornicatio sit gravissimum
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2987 peccatum.</p><p title="II-II q. 154 a. 3 arg. 3"><a name="45164"><span class="ref">[45164] IIª-IIae, q. 154 a. 3 arg. 3</span></a>
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2988 Praeterea, quanto aliquod bonum est maius, tanto peccatum quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2989 contra illud committitur videtur esse gravius. Sed peccatum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2990 fornicationis videtur esse contra bonum totius humani generis, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2991 ex praedictis patet. Est etiam contra Christum, secundum illud I ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2992 Cor. VI, <i>tollens membra Christi, faciam membra meretricis?</i>
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2993 Ergo fornicatio est gravissimum peccatum.</p><p title="II-II q. 154 a. 3 s. c."><a name="45165"><span class="ref">[45165] IIª-IIae, q. 154 a. 3 s. c.</span></a> Sed
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2994 contra est quod Gregorius dicit quod peccata carnalia sunt minoris
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2995 culpae quam peccata spiritualia.</p><p title="II-II q. 154 a. 3 co."><a name="45166"><span class="ref">[45166] IIª-IIae, q. 154 a. 3 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2996 dicendum quod gravitas peccati alicuius attendi potest dupliciter,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2997 uno modo, secundum se; alio modo, secundum accidens. Secundum se
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2998 quidem attenditur gravitas peccati ex ratione suae speciei, quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2999 consideratur secundum bonum cui peccatum opponitur. Fornicatio
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3000 autem est contra bonum hominis nascituri. Et ideo est gravius
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3001 peccatum secundum speciem suam peccatis quae sunt contra bona
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3002 exteriora, sicut est furtum et alia huiusmodi, minus autem peccatis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3003 quae sunt directe contra Deum, et peccato quod est contra vitam
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3004 hominis iam nati, sicut est homicidium.</p><p title="II-II q. 154 a. 3 ad 1"><a name="45167"><span class="ref">[45167] IIª-IIae, q. 154 a. 3 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3005 ergo dicendum quod libido quae aggravat peccatum est quae consistit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3006 in inclinatione voluntatis. Libido autem quae est in appetitu
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3007 sensitivo diminuit peccatum, quia quanto aliquis ex maiori passione
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3008 impulsus peccat, tanto levius est peccatum. Et hoc modo in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3009 fornicatione libido est maxima. Et inde est quod Augustinus dicit,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3010 in libro de agone Christiano, <i>quod inter omnia Christianorum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3011 certamina, duriora sunt praelia castitatis, ubi est quotidiana
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3012 pugna, sed rara victoria</i>. Et Isidorus dicit, in libro de summo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3013 bono, quod <i>magis per carnis luxuriam humanum genus subditur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3014 Diabolo</i> quam per aliquod aliud, quia scilicet difficilius est
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3015 vincere vehementiam huius passionis.</p><p title="II-II q. 154 a. 3 ad 2"><a name="45168"><span class="ref">[45168] IIª-IIae, q. 154 a. 3 ad 2</span></a> Ad
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3016 secundum dicendum quod ille qui fornicatur dicitur peccare in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3017 corpus suum, non solum quia fornicationis delectatio consummatur in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3018 carne, quod etiam in gula accidit, sed etiam quia contra bonum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3019 proprii corporis agit qui fornicatur, inquantum scilicet indebite
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3020 illud resolvit et inquinat, et alteri commiscet. Nec tamen propter
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3021 hoc sequitur quod fornicatio sit peccatum gravissimum, quia ratio
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3022 in homine praevalet corpori; unde, si sit peccatum magis repugnans
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3023 rationi, gravius erit.</p><p title="II-II q. 154 a. 3 ad 3"><a name="45169"><span class="ref">[45169] IIª-IIae, q. 154 a. 3 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3024 dicendum quod peccatum fornicationis est contra bonum speciei
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3025 humanae inquantum impedit generationem singularem unius hominis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3026 nascituri. Magis autem pertingit ad rationem speciei qui actu iam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3027 participat speciem quam qui est potentia homo. Et secundum hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3028 etiam homicidium est gravius quam fornicatio et omnes luxuriae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3029 species, tanquam magis bono speciei humanae repugnans. Bonum etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3030 divinum est maius bono speciei humanae. Et ideo etiam peccata quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3031 sunt contra Deum, sunt maiora. Nec fornicatio est directe peccatum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3032 in Deum, quasi fornicator Dei offensam intendat, sed ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3033 consequenti, sicut et omnia peccata mortalia. Sicut enim membra
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3034 corporis nostri sunt membra Christi, ita etiam et spiritus noster
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3035 est unum cum Christo, secundum illud I ad Cor. VI, <i>qui adhaeret
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3036 Deo, unus spiritus est</i>. Unde etiam peccata spiritualia sunt
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3037 magis contra Christum quam fornicatio.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 4</h3><p title="II-II q. 154 a. 4 arg. 1"><a name="45170"><span class="ref">[45170] IIª-IIae, q. 154 a. 4 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3038 quartum sic proceditur. Videtur quod in tactibus et osculis non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3039 consistat peccatum mortale. Apostolus enim, ad Ephes. V, dicit,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3040 <i>fornicatio autem et omnis immunditia, aut avaritia, ne nominetur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3041 in vobis, sicut decet sanctos</i>. Subdit autem, aut turpitudo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3042 Glossa, <i>ut in osculis et amplexibus; aut stultiloquium, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3043 blanda verba; aut scurrilitas, quae a stultis curialitas dicitur,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3044 idest iocularitas</i>. Postea autem subdit, <i>hoc enim scitote,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3045 intelligentes, quod omnis fornicator aut immundus aut avarus, quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3046 est idolorum servitus, non habet haereditatem in regno Christi et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3047 Dei</i>, ubi non replicat de turpitudine, sicut nec de stultiloquio
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3048 aut scurrilitate. Ergo ista non sunt peccata mortalia.</p><p title="II-II q. 154 a. 4 arg. 2"><a name="45171"><span class="ref">[45171] IIª-IIae, q. 154 a. 4 arg. 2</span></a>
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3049 Praeterea, fornicatio dicitur esse peccatum mortale ex hoc quod per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3050 eam impeditur bonum prolis generandae et educandae. Sed ad hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3051 nihil operantur oscula et tactus, sive amplexus. Ergo in his non
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3052 contingit esse peccatum mortale.</p><p title="II-II q. 154 a. 4 arg. 3"><a name="45172"><span class="ref">[45172] IIª-IIae, q. 154 a. 4 arg. 3</span></a>
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3053 Praeterea, illa quae sunt secundum se peccata mortalia, nunquam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3054 possunt bene fieri. Sed oscula et tactus et huiusmodi possunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3055 quandoque fieri absque peccato. Ergo non sunt secundum se peccata
59
03759e5c1080 fix multi-para s.c.
ht
parents: 53
diff changeset
3056 mortalia.</p><div class="sc"><p title="II-II q. 154 a. 4 s. c. 1"><a name="45173"><span class="ref">[45173] IIª-IIae, q. 154 a. 4 s. c. 1</span></a> Sed
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3057 contra, minus est aspectus libidinosus quam tactus, amplexus vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3058 osculum. Sed aspectus libidinosus est peccatum mortale, secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3059 illud Matth. V, <i>qui viderit mulierem ad concupiscendum eam, iam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3060 moechatus est eam in corde suo</i>. Ergo multo magis osculum
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3061 libidinosum, et alia huiusmodi, sunt peccata mortalia.</p><p title="II-II q. 154 a. 4 s. c. 2"><a name="45174"><span class="ref">[45174] IIª-IIae, q. 154 a. 4 s. c. 2</span></a>
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3062 Praeterea, Cyprianus, ad Pomponium de virginitate, dicit, <i>certe
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3063 ipse concubitus, ipse amplexus, ipsa confabulatio et osculatio, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3064 coniacentium duorum turpis et foeda dormitio, quantum dedecoris et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3065 criminis confitentur</i>. Ergo per praedicta homo fit reus
59
03759e5c1080 fix multi-para s.c.
ht
parents: 53
diff changeset
3066 criminis, idest peccati mortalis.</p></div><p title="II-II q. 154 a. 4 co."><a name="45175"><span class="ref">[45175] IIª-IIae, q. 154 a. 4 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3067 dicendum quod aliquid dicitur esse peccatum mortale dupliciter. Uno
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3068 modo, secundum speciem suam. Et hoc modo osculum, amplexus vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3069 tactus, secundum suam rationem non nominant peccatum mortale.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3070 Possunt enim haec absque libidine fieri, vel propter consuetudinem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3071 patriae, vel propter aliquam necessitatem aut rationabilem causam.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3072 Alio modo dicitur aliquid esse peccatum mortale ex sua causa, sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3073 ille qui dat eleemosynam ut aliquem inducat ad haeresim, mortaliter
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3074 peccat propter intentionem corruptam. Dictum est autem supra quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3075 consensus in delectationem peccati mortalis est peccatum mortale,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3076 et non solum consensus in actum. Et ideo, cum fornicatio sit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3077 peccatum mortale, et multo magis aliae luxuriae species, consequens
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3078 est quod consensus in delectationem talis peccati sit peccatum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3079 mortale, et non solum consensus in actum. Et ideo, cum oscula et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3080 amplexus et huiusmodi propter delectationem huiusmodi fiant,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3081 consequens est quod sint peccata mortalia. Et sic solum dicuntur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3082 libidinosa. Unde huiusmodi, secundum quod libidinosa sunt, sunt
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3083 peccata mortalia.</p><p title="II-II q. 154 a. 4 ad 1"><a name="45176"><span class="ref">[45176] IIª-IIae, q. 154 a. 4 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3084 ergo dicendum quod apostolus ideo non resumit illa tria, quia non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3085 habent rationem peccati nisi secundum quod ordinantur ad
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3086 praecedentia.</p><p title="II-II q. 154 a. 4 ad 2"><a name="45177"><span class="ref">[45177] IIª-IIae, q. 154 a. 4 ad 2</span></a> Ad
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3087 secundum dicendum quod oscula et tactus, quamvis secundum se non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3088 impediant bonum prolis humanae, procedunt tamen ex libidine, quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3089 est radix huius impedimenti. Et ex hoc habent rationem peccati
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3090 mortalis.</p><p title="II-II q. 154 a. 4 ad 3"><a name="45178"><span class="ref">[45178] IIª-IIae, q. 154 a. 4 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3091 dicendum quod ratio illa concludit quod huiusmodi non sunt peccata
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3092 secundum suam speciem.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 5</h3><p title="II-II q. 154 a. 5 arg. 1"><a name="45179"><span class="ref">[45179] IIª-IIae, q. 154 a. 5 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3093 quintum sic proceditur. Videtur quod nocturna pollutio sit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3094 peccatum. Meritum enim et demeritum habent fieri circa idem. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3095 dormiens potest mereri, sicut patet de Salomone, qui dormiens a
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3096 domino donum sapientiae impetravit, ut dicitur III Reg. III, et II
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3097 Paralip. I. Ergo in dormiendo potest aliquis demereri. Et ita
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3098 videtur quod nocturna pollutio sit peccatum.</p><p title="II-II q. 154 a. 5 arg. 2"><a name="45180"><span class="ref">[45180] IIª-IIae, q. 154 a. 5 arg. 2</span></a>
28
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diff changeset
3099 Praeterea, quicumque habet usum rationis, potest peccare. Sed in
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3100 dormiendo aliquis habet usum rationis, quia frequenter aliquis in
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3101 somnis ratiocinatur, et praeeligit unum alteri, consentiens vel
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3102 dissentiens. Ergo in dormiendo potest aliquis peccare. Et ita
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3103 propter somnum nocturna pollutio non impeditur quin sit peccatum,
53
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diff changeset
3104 cum ex genere actus sit peccatum.</p><p title="II-II q. 154 a. 5 arg. 3"><a name="45181"><span class="ref">[45181] IIª-IIae, q. 154 a. 5 arg. 3</span></a>
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3105 Praeterea, frustra increpatur et instruitur qui non potest vel
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3106 agere secundum rationem vel contra rationem. Sed homo in somnis
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3107 instruitur a Deo et increpatur, secundum illud Iob XXXIII, <i>per
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3108 somnium, in visione nocturna, quando sopor solet occupare homines,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3109 tunc aperit aures virorum, et erudiens eos instruit disciplina</i>.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3110 Ergo in somnis potest aliquis agere secundum rationem vel contra
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3111 rationem, quod est bene agere vel peccare. Et sic videtur quod
53
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diff changeset
3112 pollutio nocturna sit peccatum.</p><p title="II-II q. 154 a. 5 s. c."><a name="45182"><span class="ref">[45182] IIª-IIae, q. 154 a. 5 s. c.</span></a> Sed
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3113 contra est quod Augustinus dicit, XII super Gen. ad Litt., <i>ipsa
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3114 phantasia quae fit in cogitatione sermocinantis, cum expressa
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3115 fuerit in visione somniantis, ut inter illam et veram coniunctionem
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3116 corporum non discernatur, continue movetur caro et sequitur quod
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3117 eum motum sequi solet, cum hoc tam sine peccato fiat, quam sine
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3118 peccato a vigilantibus dicitur quod, ut diceretur, sine dubio
53
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diff changeset
3119 cogitatum est</i>.</p><p title="II-II q. 154 a. 5 co."><a name="45183"><span class="ref">[45183] IIª-IIae, q. 154 a. 5 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3120 dicendum quod nocturna pollutio dupliciter potest considerari. Uno
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3121 modo, secundum se. Et hoc modo non habet rationem peccati. Omne
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3122 enim peccatum dependet ex iudicio rationis, quia etiam primus motus
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3123 sensualitatis non habet quod sit peccatum nisi inquantum iudicio
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3124 rationis reprimi potest. Et ideo, sublato iudicio rationis,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3125 tollitur ratio peccati. In dormiendo autem ratio non habet liberum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3126 iudicium, nullus enim est dormiens qui non intendat aliquibus
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3127 similitudinibus phantasmatum velut rebus ipsis, ut patet ex his
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3128 quae in primo dicta sunt. Et ideo id quod agit homo dormiens, qui
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3129 non habet liberum iudicium rationis, non imputatur ei ad culpam,
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3130 sicut nec illud quod agit furiosus aut amens. Alio modo potest
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3131 considerari nocturna pollutio per comparationem ad suam causam.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3132 Quae potest esse triplex. Una quidem corporalis. Cum enim humor
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3133 seminalis superabundat in corpore; vel cum facta est humoris
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3134 resolutio, vel per nimiam calefactionem corporis, vel per
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3135 quamcumque aliam commotionem; somniat dormiens ea quae pertinent ad
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3136 expulsionem huiusmodi humoris abundantis vel resoluti, sicut etiam
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3137 accidit quando natura gravatur ex aliqua alia superfluitate; ita
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3138 quod quandoque formantur in imaginatione phantasmata pertinentia ad
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3139 emissionem talium superfluitatum. Si igitur superabundantia talis
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3140 humoris sit ex causa culpabili, puta cum est ex superfluitate cibi
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3141 vel potus; tunc nocturna pollutio habet rationem culpae ex sua
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3142 causa. Si autem superabundantia vel resolutio talis humoris non sit
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3143 ex aliqua causa culpabili, tunc nocturna pollutio non est
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3144 culpabilis, nec in se nec in causa sua. Alia vero causa nocturnae
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3145 pollutionis potest esse animalis interior, puta cum ex cogitatione
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3146 praecedenti contingit aliquem dormientem pollui. Cogitatio autem
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3147 quae in vigilia praecessit, quandoque est pure speculativa, puta
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3148 cum aliquis causa disputationis cogitat de peccatis carnalibus,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3149 quandoque autem est cum aliqua affectione vel concupiscentiae vel
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3150 horroris. Contingit autem magis pollutio nocturna ex cogitatione
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3151 carnalium vitiorum quae fuit cum concupiscentia talium
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3152 delectationum, quia ex hoc remanet quoddam vestigium et inclinatio
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3153 in anima, ita quod dormiens facilius inducitur in sua imaginatione
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3154 ad assentiendum actibus ex quibus sequitur pollutio. Secundum hoc
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3155 philosophus dicit, in I Ethic., quod inquantum paulatim
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3156 pertranseunt quidam motus a vigilantibus ad dormientes, meliora
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3157 fiunt phantasmata studiosorum quam quorumlibet, et Augustinus
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3158 dicit, XII super Gen. ad Litt., quod <i>propter bonam animae
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3159 affectionem, quaedam eius merita etiam in somnis clarent</i>. Et
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3160 sic patet quod nocturna pollutio habet rationem culpae ex parte
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3161 suae causae. Quandoque tamen contingit quod ex praecedenti
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3162 cogitatione carnalium actuum etiam speculativa, vel si sit cum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3163 horrore, sequitur in somnis pollutio. Et tunc non habet rationem
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3164 culpae, nec in se nec in sua causa. Tertia vero causa est
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3165 spiritualis extrinseca, puta cum ex operatione Daemonis commoventur
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3166 phantasmata dormientis in ordine ad talem effectum. Et hoc quidem
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3167 quandoque est cum peccato praecedenti, scilicet negligentia
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3168 praeparandi se contra Daemonis illusiones, unde et in sero
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3169 cantatur, <i>hostemque nostrum comprime, ne polluantur corpora</i>.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3170 Quandoque vero est absque omni culpa hominis, ex sola nequitia
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3171 Daemonis, sicut in collationibus patrum legitur de quodam quod
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3172 semper in diebus festis pollutionem nocturnam patiebatur, hoc
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3173 Diabolo procurante, ut impediretur a sacra communione. Sic igitur
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3174 patet quod nocturna pollutio nunquam est peccatum, quandoque tamen
53
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diff changeset
3175 est sequela peccati praecedentis.</p><p title="II-II q. 154 a. 5 ad 1"><a name="45184"><span class="ref">[45184] IIª-IIae, q. 154 a. 5 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3176 ergo dicendum quod Salomon non meruit in dormiendo sapientiam a
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3177 Deo, sed fuit signum praecedentis desiderii, propter quod dicitur
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3178 talis petitio Deo placuisse, ut Augustinus dicit, XII super Gen. ad
53
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diff changeset
3179 Litt.</p><p title="II-II q. 154 a. 5 ad 2"><a name="45185"><span class="ref">[45185] IIª-IIae, q. 154 a. 5 ad 2</span></a> Ad
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3180 secundum dicendum quod, secundum quod vires sensitivae interiores
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3181 magis vel minus opprimuntur a somno, propter vaporis turbulentiam
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3182 vel puritatem, secundum hoc usus rationis magis vel minus impeditur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3183 in dormiendo. Semper tamen quantum ad aliquid impeditur, ut non
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3184 possit omnino liberum iudicium habere, ut in prima parte dictum
53
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diff changeset
3185 est. Et ideo non imputatur ei ad culpam quod tunc agit.</p><p title="II-II q. 154 a. 5 ad 3"><a name="45186"><span class="ref">[45186] IIª-IIae, q. 154 a. 5 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3186 dicendum quod apprehensio rationis non ita impeditur in somno sicut
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3187 eius iudicium, quod perficitur per conversionem ad sensibilia, quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3188 sunt prima principia cognitionis humanae. Et ideo nihil prohibet
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3189 hominem secundum rationem apprehendere aliquid de novo in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3190 dormiendo, vel ex ipsis reliquiis praecedentium cogitationum et
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3191 phantasmatibus oblatis, vel etiam ex revelatione divina, aut
53
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diff changeset
3192 immissione Angeli boni vel mali.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 6</h3><p title="II-II q. 154 a. 6 arg. 1"><a name="45187"><span class="ref">[45187] IIª-IIae, q. 154 a. 6 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3193 sextum sic proceditur. Videtur quod stuprum non debeat poni una
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3194 species luxuriae. Stuprum enim importat illicitam virginum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3195 deflorationem; ut habetur in decretis, XXXVI Caus., qu. I. Sed hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3196 potest esse soluti cum soluta, quod pertinet ad fornicationem. Ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3197 stuprum non debet poni species luxuriae a fornicatione
53
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parents: 28
diff changeset
3198 distincta.</p><p title="II-II q. 154 a. 6 arg. 2"><a name="45188"><span class="ref">[45188] IIª-IIae, q. 154 a. 6 arg. 2</span></a>
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3199 Praeterea, Ambrosius dicit, in libro de patriarchis, <i>nemo sibi
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3200 blandiatur de legibus hominum, omne stuprum adulterium est</i>. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3201 specierum ex opposito divisarum una non continetur sub alia. Cum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3202 ergo adulterium ponatur species luxuriae, videtur quod stuprum
53
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parents: 28
diff changeset
3203 species luxuriae poni non debet.</p><p title="II-II q. 154 a. 6 arg. 3"><a name="45189"><span class="ref">[45189] IIª-IIae, q. 154 a. 6 arg. 3</span></a>
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3204 Praeterea, inferre alicui iniuriam videtur magis ad iniustitiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3205 quam ad luxuriam pertinere. Sed ille qui stuprum committit,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3206 iniuriam facit alteri, scilicet patri puellae quam corrumpit, qui
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3207 potest ad animum suam iniuriam revocare, et agere actione
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3208 iniuriarum contra stupratorem. Ergo stuprum non debet poni species
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
3209 luxuriae.</p><p title="II-II q. 154 a. 6 s. c."><a name="45190"><span class="ref">[45190] IIª-IIae, q. 154 a. 6 s. c.</span></a> Sed
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3210 contra est quod stuprum proprie consistit in actu venereo quo virgo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3211 defloratur. Cum igitur luxuria proprie sit circa venerea, videtur
53
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parents: 28
diff changeset
3212 quod stuprum sit species luxuriae.</p><p title="II-II q. 154 a. 6 co."><a name="45191"><span class="ref">[45191] IIª-IIae, q. 154 a. 6 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3213 dicendum quod ubi circa materiam alicuius vitii occurrit aliqua
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3214 specialis deformitas, ibi debet poni determinata species illius
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3215 vitii. Luxuria autem est peccatum circa venerea existens, ut supra
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3216 dictum est. In virgine autem sub custodia patris existente quaedam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3217 deformitas specialis occurrit si corrumpatur. Tum ex parte puellae,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3218 quae, ex hoc quod violatur, nulla pactione coniugali praecedente,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3219 impeditur a legitimo matrimonio consequendo et ponitur in via
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3220 meretricandi, a quo retrahebatur ne signaculum virginitatis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3221 amitteret. Tum etiam ex parte patris, qui de eius custodia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3222 sollicitudinem gerit, secundum illud Eccli. XLII, <i>super filiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3223 luxuriosam confirma custodiam, nequando faciat te in opprobrium
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3224 venire inimicis</i>. Et ideo manifestum est quod stuprum, quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3225 importat illicitam virginum deflorationem sub cura parentum
53
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parents: 28
diff changeset
3226 existentium, est determinate luxuriae species.</p><p title="II-II q. 154 a. 6 ad 1"><a name="45192"><span class="ref">[45192] IIª-IIae, q. 154 a. 6 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3227 ergo dicendum quod, quamvis virgo sit soluta a vinculo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3228 matrimoniali, non tamen est soluta a patria potestate. Habet etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3229 speciale impedimentum fornicarii concubitus virginitatis signum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3230 quod non debet nisi per matrimonium auferri. Unde stuprum non est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3231 fornicatio simplex, sed concubitus qui fit cum meretricibus, idest
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3232 mulieribus iam corruptis, ut patet per Glossam, II ad Cor. XII,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3233 super illud, <i>qui non egerunt poenitentiam super immunditia et
53
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diff changeset
3234 fornicatione</i> et cetera.</p><p title="II-II q. 154 a. 6 ad 2"><a name="45193"><span class="ref">[45193] IIª-IIae, q. 154 a. 6 ad 2</span></a> Ad
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3235 secundum dicendum quod Ambrosius ibi aliter accipit stuprum, prout
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3236 scilicet communiter sumitur pro omni peccato luxuriae. Unde stuprum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3237 ibi nominat concubitum viri coniugati cum quacumque alia muliere
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3238 praeter uxorem. Quod patet ex hoc quod subdit, <i>nec viro licet
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3239 quod mulieri non licet</i>. Et hoc modo etiam accipitur Num. V, ubi
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3240 dicitur, <i>si latet adulterium, et testibus argui non potest, quia
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
3241 non est inventa in stupro,</i> et cetera.</p><p title="II-II q. 154 a. 6 ad 3"><a name="45194"><span class="ref">[45194] IIª-IIae, q. 154 a. 6 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3242 dicendum quod nihil prohibet unum peccatum ex adiunctione alterius
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3243 deformius fieri. Fit autem deformius peccatum luxuriae ex peccato
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3244 iniustitiae, quia videtur concupiscentia esse inordinatior quae a
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3245 delectabili non abstinet ut iniuriam vitet. Habet autem duplicem
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3246 iniuriam annexam. Unam quidem ex parte virginis, quam etsi non vi
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3247 corrumpat, tamen eam seducit; et sic tenetur ei satisfacere. Unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3248 dicitur Exod. XXII, <i>si seduxerit quis virginem nondum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3249 desponsatam, dormieritque cum ea, dotabit eam, et habebit uxorem.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3250 Si autem pater virginis dare noluerit, reddet pecuniam iuxta modum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3251 dotis quam virgines accipere consueverunt</i>. Aliam vero iniuriam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3252 facit patri puellae. Unde et ei secundum legem tenetur ad poenam.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3253 Dicitur enim Deut. XXII, <i>si invenerit vir puellam virginem, quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3254 non habet sponsum, et apprehendens concubuerit cum illa, et res ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3255 iudicium venerit, dabit qui dormivit cum ea patri puellae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3256 quinquaginta siclos argenti, et habebit eam uxorem, et quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3257 humiliavit illam, non poterit dimittere eam cunctis diebus vitae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3258 suae</i>. Et hoc ideo, ne videatur ludibrium fecisse, ut Augustinus
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
3259 dicit.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 7</h3><p title="II-II q. 154 a. 7 arg. 1"><a name="45195"><span class="ref">[45195] IIª-IIae, q. 154 a. 7 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3260 septimum sic proceditur. Videtur quod raptus non sit species
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3261 luxuriae distincta a stupro. Dicit enim Isidorus, in libro Etymol.,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3262 quod <i>stuprum, idest raptus, proprie est illicitus coitus, a
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3263 corrumpendo dictus, unde et qui raptu potitur, stupro fruitur</i>.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3264 Ergo videtur quod raptus non debeat poni species luxuriae distincta
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3265 a stupro.</p><p title="II-II q. 154 a. 7 arg. 2"><a name="45196"><span class="ref">[45196] IIª-IIae, q. 154 a. 7 arg. 2</span></a>
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3266 Praeterea, raptus videtur quandam violentiam importare, dicitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3267 enim in decretis, XXXVI Caus., qu. I, quod <i>raptus committitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3268 cum puella violenter a domo patris abducitur, ut, corrupta, in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3269 uxorem habeatur</i>. Sed hoc quod violentia alicui inferatur, per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3270 accidens se habet ad luxuriam, quae per se respicit delectationem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3271 concubitus. Ergo videtur quod raptus non debeat poni determinata
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3272 species luxuriae.</p><p title="II-II q. 154 a. 7 arg. 3"><a name="45197"><span class="ref">[45197] IIª-IIae, q. 154 a. 7 arg. 3</span></a>
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3273 Praeterea, peccatum luxuriae per matrimonium cohibetur, dicitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3274 enim I ad Cor. VII, <i>propter fornicationem, unusquisque suam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3275 habeat</i>. Sed raptus impedit matrimonium sequens, dicitur enim in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3276 Concilio Meldensi, <i>placuit ut hi qui rapiunt feminas, vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3277 furantur vel seducunt, eas nullatenus habeant uxores, quamvis eas
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3278 postmodum nuptialiter cum consensu parentum suorum susceperint</i>.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3279 Ergo raptus non est determinata species luxuriae a stupro
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3280 distincta.</p><p title="II-II q. 154 a. 7 arg. 4"><a name="45198"><span class="ref">[45198] IIª-IIae, q. 154 a. 7 arg. 4</span></a>
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3281 Praeterea, aliquis potest cognoscere suam sponsam absque peccato
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3282 luxuriae. Sed raptus potest committi si aliquis violenter sponsam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3283 suam auferat de domo parentum et eam carnaliter cognoscat. Ergo
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3284 raptus non debet poni determinata species luxuriae.</p><p title="II-II q. 154 a. 7 s. c."><a name="45199"><span class="ref">[45199] IIª-IIae, q. 154 a. 7 s. c.</span></a> Sed
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3285 contra est quod raptus est illicitus coitus, ut Isidorus dicit. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3286 hoc pertinet ad peccatum luxuriae. Ergo raptus est species
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3287 luxuriae.</p><p title="II-II q. 154 a. 7 co."><a name="45200"><span class="ref">[45200] IIª-IIae, q. 154 a. 7 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3288 dicendum quod raptus, prout nunc de eo loquimur, est species
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3289 luxuriae. Et quandoque quidem in idem concurrit cum stupro;
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3290 quandoque autem invenitur raptus sine stupro; quandoque vero
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3291 stuprum sine raptu. Concurrunt quidem in idem, quando aliquis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3292 violentiam infert ad virginem illicite deflorandam. Quae quidem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3293 violentia quandoque infertur tam ipsi virgini quam patri, quandoque
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3294 autem infertur patri, sed non virgini, puta cum ipsa consentit ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3295 per violentiam de domo patris abstrahatur. Differt etiam violentia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3296 raptus alio modo, quia quandoque puella violenter abducitur a domo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3297 parentum et violenter corrumpitur; quandoque autem, etsi violenter
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3298 abducatur, non tamen violenter corrumpitur, sed de voluntate
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3299 virginis, sive corrumpatur fornicario concubitu, sive matrimoniali.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3300 Qualitercumque enim violentia adsit, salvatur ratio raptus.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3301 Invenitur autem raptus sine stupro, puta si aliquis rapiat viduam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3302 vel puellam corruptam. Unde Symmachus Papa dicit, <i>raptores
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3303 viduarum vel virginum, ob immanitatem facinoris tanti,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3304 detestamur</i>. Stuprum vero sine raptu invenitur, quando aliquis
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
3305 absque violentiae illatione virginem illicite deflorat.</p><p title="II-II q. 154 a. 7 ad 1"><a name="45201"><span class="ref">[45201] IIª-IIae, q. 154 a. 7 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3306 ergo dicendum quod, quia raptus plerumque cum stupro in idem
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3307 concurrit, ideo quandoque unum pro alio ponitur.</p><p title="II-II q. 154 a. 7 ad 2"><a name="45202"><span class="ref">[45202] IIª-IIae, q. 154 a. 7 ad 2</span></a> Ad
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3308 secundum dicendum quod illatio violentiae videtur procedere ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3309 magnitudine concupiscentiae, ex qua aliquis non refugit periculo se
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3310 iniicere violentiae inferendae.</p><p title="II-II q. 154 a. 7 ad 3"><a name="45203"><span class="ref">[45203] IIª-IIae, q. 154 a. 7 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3311 dicendum quod aliter est dicendum in raptu puellarum quae sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3312 aliis desponsatae, et aliter de raptu illarum quae non sunt aliis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3313 desponsatae. Illae enim quae sunt aliis desponsatae restituendae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3314 sunt sponsis, qui in eis ex ipsa desponsatione ius habent. Illae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3315 autem quae non sunt aliis desponsatae, restituendae sunt primo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3316 patriae potestati, et tunc, de voluntate parentum, licite possunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3317 eas in uxores accipere. Si tamen aliter fiat, illicite matrimonium
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3318 contrahitur, tenetur enim quicumque rem rapit ad eius
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3319 restitutionem. Nec tamen raptus dirimit matrimonium iam contractum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3320 etsi impediat contrahendum. Quod autem dicitur in praedicto
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3321 Concilio, dictum est in detestationem illius criminis, et est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3322 abrogatum. Unde Hieronymus contrarium dicit. <i>Tria, inquit,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3323 legitima coniugia in Scripturis leguntur. Primum est, virgo casta
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3324 in virginitate viro data legitime. Secundum est, virgo in civitate
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3325 deprehensa a viro et illi per vim copulata, si voluerit pater eius,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3326 dotabit eam iste vir quantum iudicaverit pater, et dabit pretium
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3327 pudicitiae eius. Tertium autem est, quando aufertur ei et alteri
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3328 traditur de voluntate patris</i>. Vel potest intelligi de illis
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3329 quae sunt aliis desponsatae, et maxime per verba de praesenti.</p><p title="II-II q. 154 a. 7 ad 4"><a name="45204"><span class="ref">[45204] IIª-IIae, q. 154 a. 7 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3330 dicendum quod sponsus ex ipsa desponsatione habet aliquod ius in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3331 sua sponsa. Et ideo, quamvis peccet violentiam inferendo, excusatur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3332 tamen a crimine raptus. Unde Gelasius Papa dicit, <i>lex illa
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3333 praeteritorum principum ibi raptum dixit esse commissum, ubi puella
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3334 de cuius nuptiis nihil actum fuerat, videbatur abducta</i>.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 8</h3><p title="II-II q. 154 a. 8 arg. 1"><a name="45205"><span class="ref">[45205] IIª-IIae, q. 154 a. 8 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3335 octavum sic proceditur. Videtur quod adulterium non sit determinata
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3336 species luxuriae ab aliis distincta. Dicitur enim adulterium ex eo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3337 quod aliquis ad alteram accedit praeter suam, sicut dicit quaedam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3338 Glossa super Exodum. Sed alia mulier praeter suam potest esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3339 diversarum conditionum, scilicet vel virgo in potestate patris
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3340 existens, vel meretrix, vel cuiuscumque alterius conditionis. Ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3341 videtur quod adulterium non sit species luxuriae ab aliis
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3342 distincta.</p><p title="II-II q. 154 a. 8 arg. 2"><a name="45206"><span class="ref">[45206] IIª-IIae, q. 154 a. 8 arg. 2</span></a>
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3343 Praeterea, Hieronymus dicit quod <i>nihil interest ex qua causa
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3344 quis insaniat. Unde Sixtus Pythagoricus, adulter, inquit, est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3345 amator ardentior in suam uxorem</i>. Et pari ratione, in quamlibet
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3346 aliam mulierem. Sed in omni luxuria est amor ardentior debito. Ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3347 adulterium invenitur in omni luxuria. Non ergo debet poni luxuriae
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3348 species.</p><p title="II-II q. 154 a. 8 arg. 3"><a name="45207"><span class="ref">[45207] IIª-IIae, q. 154 a. 8 arg. 3</span></a>
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3349 Praeterea, ubi est eadem ratio deformitatis, ibi non videtur esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3350 alia species peccati. Sed in stupro et adulterio videtur esse eadem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3351 ratio deformitatis, quia utrobique violatur mulier alienae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3352 potestati subiecta. Ergo adulterium non est determinata species
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3353 luxuriae ab aliis distincta.</p><p title="II-II q. 154 a. 8 s. c."><a name="45208"><span class="ref">[45208] IIª-IIae, q. 154 a. 8 s. c.</span></a> Sed
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3354 contra est quod Leo Papa dicit quod <i>adulterium committitur cum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3355 propriae libidinis instinctu vel alienae consensu, cum altero vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3356 altera contra pactum coniugale concumbitur</i>. Sed hoc importat
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3357 specialem deformitatem luxuriae. Ergo adulterium est determinata
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3358 species luxuriae.</p><p title="II-II q. 154 a. 8 co."><a name="45209"><span class="ref">[45209] IIª-IIae, q. 154 a. 8 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3359 dicendum quod adulterium, sicut ipsum nomen sonat, est accessus ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3360 alienum torum. In quo quidem dupliciter contra castitatem et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3361 humanae generationis bonum aliquis delinquit, primo quidem,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3362 inquantum accedit ad mulierem non sibi matrimonio copulatam, quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3363 requiritur ad bonum prolis propriae educandae; alio modo, quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3364 accedit ad mulierem alteri per matrimonium copulatam, et sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3365 impedit bonum prolis alienae. Eadem ratio est de muliere coniugata
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3366 quae per adulterium corrumpitur. Unde dicitur Eccli. XXIII,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3367 <i>omnis mulier relinquens virum suum, peccabit, primo enim, in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3368 lege altissimi incredibilis fuit</i>, in qua scilicet praecipitur,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3369 non moechaberis; <i>et secundo, virum suum derelinquit</i>, in quo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3370 facit contra certitudinem prolis eius; tertio, <i>in adulterio
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3371 fornicata est, et ex alio viro filios statuit sibi</i>, quod est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3372 contra bonum propriae prolis. Sed primum est commune in omnibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3373 peccatis mortalibus, alia vero duo specialiter pertinent ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3374 deformitatem adulterii. Unde manifestum est quod adulterium est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3375 determinata species luxuriae, utpote specialem deformitatem habens
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3376 circa actus venereos.</p><p title="II-II q. 154 a. 8 ad 1"><a name="45210"><span class="ref">[45210] IIª-IIae, q. 154 a. 8 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3377 ergo dicendum quod ille qui habet uxorem, si ad aliam accedit,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3378 peccatum eius potest denominari vel ex parte sua, et sic semper est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3379 adulterium, quia contra fidem matrimonii agit, vel ex parte
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3380 mulieris ad quam accedit. Et sic quandoque est adulterium, puta cum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3381 coniugatus accedit ad uxorem alterius, quandoque autem habet
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3382 rationem stupri, vel alicuius alterius, secundum diversas
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3383 conditiones mulierum ad quas accedit. Dictum est autem supra quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3384 species luxuriae accipiuntur secundum diversas mulierum
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3385 conditiones.</p><p title="II-II q. 154 a. 8 ad 2"><a name="45211"><span class="ref">[45211] IIª-IIae, q. 154 a. 8 ad 2</span></a> Ad
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3386 secundum dicendum quod matrimonium specialiter est ordinatum ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3387 bonum humanae prolis, sicut dictum est. Adulterium autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3388 specialiter matrimonio contrariatur, inquantum violat matrimonii
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3389 fidem, quam quis coniugi debet. Et quia ille qui est ardentior
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3390 amator uxoris, facit contra bonum matrimonii, inhoneste eo utens,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3391 licet fidem non violet; ideo aliqualiter potest adulter nominari;
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3392 et magis quam ille qui est ardentior amator alterius mulieris.</p><p title="II-II q. 154 a. 8 ad 3"><a name="45212"><span class="ref">[45212] IIª-IIae, q. 154 a. 8 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3393 dicendum quod uxor est in potestate viri sicut ei matrimonio
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3394 copulata, puella autem est sub potestate patris sicut per eum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3395 matrimonio copulanda. Et ideo alio modo contra bonum matrimonii est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3396 peccatum adulterii, et alio modo peccatum stupri. Et propter hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3397 ponuntur diversae luxuriae species. De aliis autem ad adulterium
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3398 pertinentibus dicetur in tertia parte, cum de matrimonio
53
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parents: 28
diff changeset
3399 tractabitur.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 9</h3><p title="II-II q. 154 a. 9 arg. 1"><a name="45213"><span class="ref">[45213] IIª-IIae, q. 154 a. 9 arg. 1</span></a> Ad nonum
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3400 sic proceditur. Videtur quod incestus non sit species determinata
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3401 luxuriae. Incestus enim dicitur per privationem castitatis. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3402 castitati universaliter opponitur luxuria. Ergo videtur quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3403 incestus non sit species luxuriae, sed sit universaliter ipsa
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
3404 luxuria.</p><p title="II-II q. 154 a. 9 arg. 2"><a name="45214"><span class="ref">[45214] IIª-IIae, q. 154 a. 9 arg. 2</span></a>
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3405 Praeterea, in decretis dicitur, XXXVI, qu. I, quod <i>incestus est
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3406 consanguinearum vel affinium abusus</i>. Sed affinitas differt a
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3407 consanguinitate. Ergo incestus non est una species luxuriae, sed
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3408 plures.</p><p title="II-II q. 154 a. 9 arg. 3"><a name="45215"><span class="ref">[45215] IIª-IIae, q. 154 a. 9 arg. 3</span></a>
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3409 Praeterea, illud quod de se non importat aliquam deformitatem, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3410 constituit aliquam determinatam speciem vitii. Sed accedere ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3411 consanguineas vel affines non est secundum se deforme, alias, nullo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3412 tempore licuisset. Ergo incestus non est determinata species
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
3413 luxuriae.</p><p title="II-II q. 154 a. 9 s. c."><a name="45216"><span class="ref">[45216] IIª-IIae, q. 154 a. 9 s. c.</span></a> Sed
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3414 contra est quod species luxuriae distinguuntur secundum conditiones
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3415 mulierum quibus aliqui abutuntur. Sed incestu importatur specialis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3416 conditio mulierum, quia est abusus consanguinearum vel affinium, ut
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
3417 dictum est. Ergo incestus est determinata species luxuriae.</p><p title="II-II q. 154 a. 9 co."><a name="45217"><span class="ref">[45217] IIª-IIae, q. 154 a. 9 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3418 dicendum quod, sicut dictum est, ibi necesse est inveniri
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3419 determinatam speciem luxuriae, ubi invenitur aliquid repugnans
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3420 debito usui venereorum. In usu autem consanguinearum vel affinium
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3421 invenitur aliquid incongruum commixtioni venereae, triplici
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3422 ratione. Primo quidem, quia naturaliter homo debet quandam
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3423 honorificentiam parentibus, et per consequens aliis consanguineis,
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3424 qui ex eisdem parentibus de propinquo originem trahunt, in tantum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3425 quod apud antiquos, ut maximus Valerius refert, non erat fas filium
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3426 simul cum patre balneari, ne scilicet se invicem nudos
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3427 conspicerent. Manifestum est autem secundum praedicta quod in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3428 actibus venereis maxime consistit quaedam turpitudo honorificentiae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3429 contraria, unde de his homines verecundantur. Et ideo incongruum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3430 est quod commixtio venerea fiat talium personarum ad invicem. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3431 haec causa videtur exprimi Levit. XVIII, ubi dicitur, <i>mater tua
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3432 est, non revelabis turpitudinem eius</i>. Et idem postea dicit in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3433 aliis. Secunda ratio est quia personas sanguine coniunctas necesse
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3434 est ad invicem simul conversari. Unde si homines non arcerentur a
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3435 commixtione venerea, nimia opportunitas daretur hominibus venereae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3436 commixtionis, et sic animi hominum nimis emollescerent per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3437 luxuriam. Et ideo in veteri lege illae personae specialiter
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3438 videntur esse prohibitae quas necesse est simul commorari. Tertia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3439 ratio est quia per hoc impediretur multiplicatio amicorum, dum enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3440 homo uxorem extraneam accipit, iunguntur sibi quadam speciali
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3441 amicitia omnes consanguinei uxoris, ac si essent consanguinei sui.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3442 Unde Augustinus dicit, XV de Civ. Dei, <i>habita est ratio
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3443 rectissima caritatis ut homines, quibus esset utilis atque honesta
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3444 concordia, diversarum vicissitudinum vinculis necterentur, nec unus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3445 in uno multas haberet, sed singulae spargerentur in singulos</i>.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3446 Addit autem Aristoteles quartam rationem, in II Politic., quia cum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3447 naturaliter homo consanguineam diligat, si adderetur amor qui est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3448 ex commixtione venerea, fieret nimius ardor amoris, et maximum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3449 libidinis incentivum; quod castitati repugnat. Unde manifestum est
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
3450 quod incestus est determinata luxuriae species.</p><p title="II-II q. 154 a. 9 ad 1"><a name="45218"><span class="ref">[45218] IIª-IIae, q. 154 a. 9 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3451 ergo dicendum quod abusus coniunctarum personarum maxime induceret
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3452 corruptelam castitatis, tum propter opportunitatem; tum etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3453 propter nimium ardorem amoris, ut dictum est. Et ideo antonomastice
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3454 abusus talium personarum vocatur incestus.</p><p title="II-II q. 154 a. 9 ad 2"><a name="45219"><span class="ref">[45219] IIª-IIae, q. 154 a. 9 ad 2</span></a> Ad
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3455 secundum dicendum quod persona affinis coniungitur alicui propter
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3456 personam consanguinitate coniunctam. Et ideo, quia unum est propter
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3457 alterum, eiusdem rationis inconvenientiam facit consanguinitas et
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3458 affinitas.</p><p title="II-II q. 154 a. 9 ad 3"><a name="45220"><span class="ref">[45220] IIª-IIae, q. 154 a. 9 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3459 dicendum quod in commixtione personarum coniunctarum aliquid est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3460 quod est secundum se indecens et repugnans naturali rationi, sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3461 quod commixtio fiat inter parentes et filios, quorum est per se et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3462 immediata cognatio, nam filii naturaliter honorem debent
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3463 parentibus. Unde philosophus dicit, in IX de Animal., quod quidam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3464 equus, quia deceptus fuit ut matri commisceretur, seipsum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3465 praecipitavit, quasi prae horrore, eo quod etiam animalibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3466 aliquibus inest naturalis reverentia ad parentes. Aliae vero
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3467 personae quae non coniunguntur secundum seipsas, sed per ordinem ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3468 parentes, non habent ita ex seipsis indecentiam sed variatur circa
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3469 hoc decentia vel indecentia secundum consuetudinem et legem humanam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3470 vel divinam. Quia, ut dictum est, usus venereorum, quia ordinatur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3471 ad bonum commune, subiacet legi. Et ideo, sicut Augustinus dicit,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3472 XV de Civ. Dei, <i>commixtio sororum et fratrum, quanto fuit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3473 antiquior, compellente necessitate, tanto postea facta est
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3474 damnabilior, religione prohibente</i>.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 10</h3><p title="II-II q. 154 a. 10 arg. 1"><a name="45221"><span class="ref">[45221] IIª-IIae, q. 154 a. 10 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3475 decimum sic proceditur. Videtur quod sacrilegium non possit esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3476 species luxuriae. Eadem enim species non invenitur sub diversis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3477 generibus non subalternatim positis. Sed sacrilegium est species
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3478 irreligiositatis, ut supra habitum est. Ergo sacrilegium non potest
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3479 poni species luxuriae.</p><p title="II-II q. 154 a. 10 arg. 2"><a name="45222"><span class="ref">[45222] IIª-IIae, q. 154 a. 10 arg. 2</span></a>
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3480 Praeterea, in decretis, XXXVI Caus., qu. I, sacrilegium non ponitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3481 inter alia quae ponuntur species luxuriae. Ergo videtur quod non
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3482 sit luxuriae species.</p><p title="II-II q. 154 a. 10 arg. 3"><a name="45223"><span class="ref">[45223] IIª-IIae, q. 154 a. 10 arg. 3</span></a>
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3483 Praeterea, sicut per luxuriam contingit aliquid fieri contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3484 aliquam rem sacram, ita etiam per alia vitiorum genera. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3485 sacrilegium non ponitur species gulae, aut alterius alicuius
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3486 huiusmodi vitii. Ergo etiam non debet poni species luxuriae.</p><p title="II-II q. 154 a. 10 s. c."><a name="45224"><span class="ref">[45224] IIª-IIae, q. 154 a. 10 s. c.</span></a> Sed
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3487 contra est quod Augustinus dicit, XV de Civ. Dei, quod <i>sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3488 iniquum est aviditate possidendi transgredi limitem agrorum, ita
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3489 etiam iniquum est libidine concumbendi subvertere limitem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3490 morum</i>. Sed transgredi limitem agrorum in rebus sacris est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3491 peccatum sacrilegii. Ergo, pari ratione, subvertere limitem morum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3492 libidine concumbendi in rebus sacris, facit sacrilegii vitium. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3493 libido concumbendi pertinet ad luxuriam. Ergo sacrilegium est
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3494 luxuriae species.</p><p title="II-II q. 154 a. 10 co."><a name="45225"><span class="ref">[45225] IIª-IIae, q. 154 a. 10 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3495 dicendum quod, sicut supra dictum est, actus unius virtutis vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3496 vitii ordinatus ad finem alterius, assumit speciem illius, sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3497 furtum quod propter adulterium committitur, transit in speciem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3498 adulterii. Manifestum est autem quod observatio castitatis secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3499 quod ordinatur ad cultum Dei, sit actus religionis, ut patet in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3500 illis qui vovent et servant virginitatem, ut patet per Augustinum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3501 in libro de virginitate. Unde manifestum est quod etiam luxuria,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3502 secundum quod violat aliquid ad divinum cultum pertinens, pertinet
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3503 ad speciem sacrilegii. Et secundum hoc, sacrilegium potest poni
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3504 species luxuriae.</p><p title="II-II q. 154 a. 10 ad 1"><a name="45226"><span class="ref">[45226] IIª-IIae, q. 154 a. 10 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3505 ergo dicendum quod luxuria secundum quod ordinatur ad finem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3506 alterius vitii, efficitur illius vitii species. Et sic aliqua
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3507 luxuriae species potest etiam esse species irreligiositatis, sicut
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3508 cuiusdam superioris generis.</p><p title="II-II q. 154 a. 10 ad 2"><a name="45227"><span class="ref">[45227] IIª-IIae, q. 154 a. 10 ad 2</span></a> Ad
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3509 secundum dicendum quod ibi enumerantur illa quae sunt species
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3510 luxuriae secundum seipsa, sacrilegium autem est species luxuriae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3511 secundum quod ordinatur ad finem alterius vitii. Et potest
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3512 concurrere cum diversis speciebus luxuriae. Si enim aliquis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3513 abutatur persona coniuncta sibi secundum spiritualem cognationem,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3514 committit sacrilegium ad modum incestus. Si autem abutatur virgine
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3515 Deo sacrata, inquantum est sponsa Christi, est sacrilegium per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3516 modum adulterii; inquantum vero est sub spiritualis patris cura
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3517 constituta, erit quoddam spirituale stuprum; et si violentia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3518 inferatur, erit spiritualis raptus, qui etiam secundum leges
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3519 civiles gravius punitur quam alius raptus. Unde Iustinianus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3520 imperator dicit, <i>si quis, non dicam rapere, sed attentare
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3521 tantummodo, matrimonii iungendi causa, sacratissimas virgines ausus
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3522 fuerit, capitali poena feriatur</i>.</p><p title="II-II q. 154 a. 10 ad 3"><a name="45228"><span class="ref">[45228] IIª-IIae, q. 154 a. 10 ad 3</span></a> Ad
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3523 tertium dicendum quod sacrilegium committitur in re sacrata. Res
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3524 autem sacrata est vel persona sacrata quae concupiscitur ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3525 concubitum, et sic pertinet ad luxuriam. Vel quae concupiscitur ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3526 possidendum, et sic pertinet ad iniustitiam. Potest etiam ad iram
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3527 pertinere sacrilegium, puta si aliquis ex ira iniuriam inferat
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3528 personae sacrae. Vel, si gulose cibum sacratum assumat, sacrilegium
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3529 committit. Specialius tamen sacrilegium attribuitur luxuriae, quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3530 opponitur castitati, ad cuius observantiam aliquae personae
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3531 specialiter consecrantur.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 11</h3><p title="II-II q. 154 a. 11 arg. 1"><a name="45229"><span class="ref">[45229] IIª-IIae, q. 154 a. 11 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3532 undecimum sic proceditur. Videtur quod vitium contra naturam non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3533 sit species luxuriae. Quia in praedicta enumeratione specierum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3534 luxuriae nulla fit mentio de vitio contra naturam. Ergo non est
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3535 species luxuriae.</p><p title="II-II q. 154 a. 11 arg. 2"><a name="45230"><span class="ref">[45230] IIª-IIae, q. 154 a. 11 arg. 2</span></a>
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3536 Praeterea, luxuria opponitur virtuti, et ita sub malitia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3537 continetur. Sed vitium contra naturam non continetur sub malitia,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3538 sed sub bestialitate, ut patet per philosophum, in VII Ethic. Ergo
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3539 vitium contra naturam non est species luxuriae.</p><p title="II-II q. 154 a. 11 arg. 3"><a name="45231"><span class="ref">[45231] IIª-IIae, q. 154 a. 11 arg. 3</span></a>
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3540 Praeterea, luxuria consistit circa actus ad generationem humanam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3541 ordinatos, ut ex supra dictis patet. Sed vitium contra naturam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3542 consistit circa actus ex quibus non potest generatio sequi. Ergo
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3543 vitium contra naturam non est species luxuriae.</p><p title="II-II q. 154 a. 11 s. c."><a name="45232"><span class="ref">[45232] IIª-IIae, q. 154 a. 11 s. c.</span></a> Sed
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3544 contra est quod, II ad Cor. XII, connumeratur aliis luxuriae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
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diff changeset
3545 speciebus, ubi dicitur, <i>non egerunt poenitentiam super
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3546 immunditia et fornicatione et impudicitia</i>, ubi dicit Glossa,
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3547 <i>immunditia, idest, luxuria contra naturam</i>.</p><p title="II-II q. 154 a. 11 co."><a name="45233"><span class="ref">[45233] IIª-IIae, q. 154 a. 11 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
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3548 dicendum quod, sicut supra dictum est, ibi est determinata luxuriae
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diff changeset
3549 species ubi specialis ratio deformitatis occurrit quae facit
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diff changeset
3550 indecentem actum venereum. Quod quidem potest esse dupliciter. Uno
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diff changeset
3551 quidem modo, quia repugnat rationi rectae, quod est commune in omni
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diff changeset
3552 vitio luxuriae. Alio modo, quia etiam, super hoc, repugnat ipsi
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diff changeset
3553 ordini naturali venerei actus qui convenit humanae speciei, quod
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3554 dicitur vitium contra naturam. Quod quidem potest pluribus modis
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3555 contingere. Uno quidem modo, si absque omni concubitu, causa
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diff changeset
3556 delectationis venereae, pollutio procuretur, quod pertinet ad
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diff changeset
3557 peccatum immunditiae, quam quidam mollitiem vocant. Alio modo, si
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3558 fiat per concubitum ad rem non eiusdem speciei, quod vocatur
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3559 bestialitas. Tertio modo, si fiat per concubitum ad non debitum
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diff changeset
3560 sexum, puta masculi ad masculum vel feminae ad feminam, ut
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3561 apostolus dicit, ad Rom. I, quod dicitur sodomiticum vitium.
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diff changeset
3562 Quarto, si non servetur naturalis modus concumbendi, aut quantum ad
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3563 instrumentum non debitum; aut quantum ad alios monstruosos et
53
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3564 bestiales concumbendi modos.</p><p title="II-II q. 154 a. 11 ad 1"><a name="45234"><span class="ref">[45234] IIª-IIae, q. 154 a. 11 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28
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3565 ergo dicendum quod ibi enumerantur species luxuriae quae non
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3566 repugnant humanae naturae. Et ideo praetermittitur vitium contra
53
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3567 naturam.</p><p title="II-II q. 154 a. 11 ad 2"><a name="45235"><span class="ref">[45235] IIª-IIae, q. 154 a. 11 ad 2</span></a> Ad
28
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3568 secundum dicendum quod bestialitas differt a malitia, quae humanae
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diff changeset
3569 virtuti opponitur, per quendam excessum circa eandem materiam. Et
53
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3570 ideo ad idem genus reduci potest.</p><p title="II-II q. 154 a. 11 ad 3"><a name="45236"><span class="ref">[45236] IIª-IIae, q. 154 a. 11 ad 3</span></a> Ad
28
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3571 tertium dicendum quod luxuriosus non intendit generationem humanam,
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diff changeset
3572 sed delectationem veneream, quam potest aliquis experiri sine
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diff changeset
3573 actibus ex quibus sequitur humana generatio. Et hoc est quod
53
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3574 quaeritur in vitio contra naturam.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 12</h3><p title="II-II q. 154 a. 12 arg. 1"><a name="45237"><span class="ref">[45237] IIª-IIae, q. 154 a. 12 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
28
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3575 duodecimum sic proceditur. Videtur quod vitium contra naturam non
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diff changeset
3576 sit maximum peccatum inter species luxuriae. Tanto enim aliquod
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diff changeset
3577 peccatum est gravius, quanto magis contrariatur caritati. Sed magis
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3578 videntur contrariari caritati proximi adulterium et stuprum et
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diff changeset
3579 raptus, quae vergunt in iniuriam proximi, quam peccata contra
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diff changeset
3580 naturam, per quae nullus alteri iniuriatur. Ergo peccatum contra
53
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3581 naturam non est maximum inter species luxuriae.</p><p title="II-II q. 154 a. 12 arg. 2"><a name="45238"><span class="ref">[45238] IIª-IIae, q. 154 a. 12 arg. 2</span></a>
28
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3582 Praeterea, illa peccata videntur esse gravissima quae contra Deum
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3583 committuntur. Sed sacrilegium directe committitur contra Deum, quia
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3584 vergit in iniuriam divini cultus. Ergo sacrilegium est gravius
53
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3585 peccatum quam vitium contra naturam.</p><p title="II-II q. 154 a. 12 arg. 3"><a name="45239"><span class="ref">[45239] IIª-IIae, q. 154 a. 12 arg. 3</span></a>
28
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3586 Praeterea, tanto aliquod peccatum videtur esse gravius, quanto
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diff changeset
3587 exercetur in personam quam magis diligere debemus. Sed secundum
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diff changeset
3588 ordinem caritatis magis debemus diligere personas nobis coniunctas,
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3589 quae polluuntur per incestum, quam personas extraneas, quae
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diff changeset
3590 interdum polluuntur per vitium contra naturam. Ergo incestus est
53
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3591 gravius peccatum quam vitium contra naturam.</p><p title="II-II q. 154 a. 12 arg. 4"><a name="45240"><span class="ref">[45240] IIª-IIae, q. 154 a. 12 arg. 4</span></a>
28
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diff changeset
3592 Praeterea, si vitium contra naturam est gravissimum, videtur quod
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diff changeset
3593 tanto est gravius quanto est magis contra naturam. Sed maxime
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diff changeset
3594 videtur esse contra naturam peccatum immunditiae seu mollitiei,
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diff changeset
3595 quia hoc maxime videtur esse secundum naturam, ut alterum sit agens
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diff changeset
3596 et alterum patiens. Ergo, secundum hoc, immunditia esset
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diff changeset
3597 gravissimum inter vitia contra naturam. Hoc autem est falsum. Non
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3598 ergo vitia contra naturam sunt gravissima inter peccata
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3599 luxuriae.</p><p title="II-II q. 154 a. 12 s. c."><a name="45241"><span class="ref">[45241] IIª-IIae, q. 154 a. 12 s. c.</span></a> Sed
28
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3600 contra est quod Augustinus dicit, in libro de Adulterin. coniugiis,
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3601 quod omnium horum, peccatorum scilicet quae ad luxuriam pertinent,
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3602 pessimum est quod contra naturam fit.</p><p title="II-II q. 154 a. 12 co."><a name="45242"><span class="ref">[45242] IIª-IIae, q. 154 a. 12 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
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3603 dicendum quod in quolibet genere pessima est principii corruptio,
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3604 ex quo alia dependent. Principia autem rationis sunt ea quae sunt
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3605 secundum naturam, nam ratio, praesuppositis his quae sunt a natura
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3606 determinata, disponit alia secundum quod convenit. Et hoc apparet
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3607 tam in speculativis quam in operativis. Et ideo, sicut in
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3608 speculativis error circa ea quorum cognitio est homini naturaliter
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3609 indita, est gravissimus et turpissimus; ita in agendis agere contra
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diff changeset
3610 ea quae sunt secundum naturam determinata, est gravissimum et
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diff changeset
3611 turpissimum. Quia ergo in vitiis quae sunt contra naturam
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diff changeset
3612 transgreditur homo id quod est secundum naturam determinatum circa
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diff changeset
3613 usum venereum, inde est quod in tali materia hoc peccatum est
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diff changeset
3614 gravissimum. Post quod est incestus, qui, sicut dictum est, est
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diff changeset
3615 contra naturalem reverentiam quam personis coniunctis debemus. Per
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diff changeset
3616 alias autem luxuriae species praeteritur solum id quod est secundum
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diff changeset
3617 rationem rectam determinatum, ex praesuppositione tamen naturalium
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diff changeset
3618 principiorum. Magis autem repugnat rationi quod aliquis venereis
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diff changeset
3619 utatur non solum contra id quod convenit proli generandae, sed
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diff changeset
3620 etiam cum iniuria alterius. Et ideo fornicatio simplex, quae
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diff changeset
3621 committitur sine iniuria alterius personae, est minima inter
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diff changeset
3622 species luxuriae. Maior autem iniuria est si quis abutatur muliere
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diff changeset
3623 alterius potestati subiecta ad usum generationis, quam ad solam
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diff changeset
3624 custodiam. Et ideo adulterium est gravius quam stuprum. Et utrumque
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diff changeset
3625 aggravatur per violentiam. Propter quod, raptus virginis est
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diff changeset
3626 gravius quam stuprum, et raptus uxoris quam adulterium. Et haec
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diff changeset
3627 etiam omnia aggravantur secundum rationem sacrilegii, ut supra
53
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3628 dictum est.</p><p title="II-II q. 154 a. 12 ad 1"><a name="45243"><span class="ref">[45243] IIª-IIae, q. 154 a. 12 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28
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3629 ergo dicendum quod, sicut ordo rationis rectae est ab homine, ita
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diff changeset
3630 ordo naturae est ab ipso Deo. Et ideo in peccatis contra naturam,
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diff changeset
3631 in quibus ipse ordo naturae violatur, fit iniuria ipsi Deo,
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diff changeset
3632 ordinatori naturae. Unde Augustinus dicit, III Confess.,
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diff changeset
3633 <i>flagitia quae sunt contra naturam, ubique ac semper detestanda
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diff changeset
3634 atque punienda sunt, qualia Sodomitarum fuerunt, quae si omnes
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diff changeset
3635 gentes facerent, eodem criminis reatu divina lege tenerentur, quae
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diff changeset
3636 non sic fecit homines ut se illo uterentur modo. Violatur quippe
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diff changeset
3637 ipsa societas quae cum Deo nobis esse debet, cum eadem natura cuius
53
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3638 ille auctor est, libidinis perversitate polluitur</i>.</p><p title="II-II q. 154 a. 12 ad 2"><a name="45244"><span class="ref">[45244] IIª-IIae, q. 154 a. 12 ad 2</span></a> Ad
28
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3639 secundum dicendum quod etiam vitia contra naturam sunt contra Deum,
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diff changeset
3640 ut dictum est. Et tanto sunt graviora quam sacrilegii corruptela,
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3641 quanto ordo naturae humanae inditus est prior et stabilior quam
53
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3642 quilibet alius ordo superadditus.</p><p title="II-II q. 154 a. 12 ad 3"><a name="45245"><span class="ref">[45245] IIª-IIae, q. 154 a. 12 ad 3</span></a> Ad
28
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3643 tertium dicendum quod unicuique individuo magis est coniuncta
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3644 natura speciei quam quodcumque aliud individuum. Et ideo peccata
53
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3645 quae fiunt contra naturam speciei, sunt graviora.</p><p title="II-II q. 154 a. 12 ad 4"><a name="45246"><span class="ref">[45246] IIª-IIae, q. 154 a. 12 ad 4</span></a> Ad
28
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3646 quartum dicendum quod gravitas in peccato magis attenditur ex abusu
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3647 alicuius rei quam ex omissione debiti usus. Et ideo inter vitia
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3648 contra naturam infimum locum tenet peccatum immunditiae, quod
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3649 consistit in sola omissione concubitus ad alterum. Gravissimum
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3650 autem est peccatum bestialitatis, ubi non servatur debita species.
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3651 Unde super illud Gen. XXXVII, accusavit fratres suos crimine
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diff changeset
3652 pessimo, dicit Glossa, quod cum pecoribus miscebantur. Post hoc
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3653 autem est vitium sodomiticum, ubi non servatur debitus sexus. Post
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3654 hoc autem est peccatum ex eo quod non servatur debitus modus
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3655 concumbendi. Magis autem si non sit debitum vas, quam si sit
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3656 inordinatio secundum aliqua alia pertinentia ad modum
53
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3657 concubitus.</p></div></div><div class="centro"><br/>
59
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3658 <p><a href="sth3144.html"><img src="icons/ageretro.gif" width="19" height="19" align="middle" border="0" alt="age retro"/></a>  
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3659 <a href="sth3155.html"><img src="icons/ageultra.gif" width="19" height="19" align="middle" border="0" alt="age ultra"/></a></p>
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3660 <br/>
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3661 <hr/>
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3662 <br/>
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3663 <address>© 2006 Fundación Tomás de Aquino quoad
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diff changeset
3664 hanc editionem<br/>
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3665 Iura omnia asservantur<br/>
59
03759e5c1080 fix multi-para s.c.
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3666 OCLC nr. <a href="http://worldcatlibraries.org/wcpa/oclc/49644264" style="text-decoration=none">49644264</a></address>
53
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3667 </div></body>
59
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3668 </html>