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 <title>Thomas de Aquino, Summa Theologiae, Iª-IIae q.
 40-48</title>
 </head>
 <body><a href="http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/"/><div class="tres">CORPUS THOMISTICUM</div><div class="uno">Sancti Thomae de Aquino</div><div class="uno">Summa Theologiae</div><div class="dos">prima pars secundae partis a quaestione XL ad
 quaestionem XLVIII</div><div class="centro">
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-<br/></div><div class="q" id="q40"><h2>Quaestio 40</h2><div class="p"><h3>Prooemium</h3><p title="I-II q. 40 pr."><a name="35231"><span class="ref">[35231]
+<br/></div><div id="q40" class="q"><h2>Quaestio 40</h2><div class="p"><h3>Prooemium</h3><p title="I-II q. 40 pr."><a name="35231"><span class="ref">[35231]
 Iª-IIae q. 40 pr.</span></a> Consequenter considerandum est de
 passionibus irascibilis, et primo, de spe et desperatione; secundo,
 de timore et audacia; tertio, de ira. Circa primum quaeruntur octo.
@@ -771,7 +769,7 @@
 dicendum quod desperatio in bello fit periculosa, propter aliquam
 spem adiunctam. Illi enim qui desperant de fuga, debilitantur in
 fugiendo, sed sperant mortem suam vindicare. Et ideo ex hac spe
-acrius pugnant, unde periculosi hostibus fiunt.</p></div></div><div class="q" id="q41"><h2>Quaestio 41</h2><div class="p"><h3>Prooemium</h3><p title="I-II q. 41 pr."><a name="35294"><span class="ref">[35294]
+acrius pugnant, unde periculosi hostibus fiunt.</p></div></div><div id="q41" class="q"><h2>Quaestio 41</h2><div class="p"><h3>Prooemium</h3><p title="I-II q. 41 pr."><a name="35294"><span class="ref">[35294]
 Iª-IIae q. 41 pr.</span></a> Consequenter considerandum est,
 primo, de timore; et secundo, de audacia. Circa timorem
 consideranda sunt quatuor, primo, de ipso timore; secundo, de
@@ -984,7 +982,7 @@
 quod miratur, timens defectum, sed in futurum inquirit. Stupens
 autem timet et in praesenti iudicare, et in futuro inquirere. Unde
 admiratio est principium philosophandi, sed stupor est
-philosophicae considerationis impedimentum.</p></div></div><div class="q" id="q42"><h2>Quaestio 42</h2><div class="p"><h3>Prooemium</h3><p title="I-II q. 42 pr."><a name="35329"><span class="ref">[35329]
+philosophicae considerationis impedimentum.</p></div></div><div id="q42" class="q"><h2>Quaestio 42</h2><div class="p"><h3>Prooemium</h3><p title="I-II q. 42 pr."><a name="35329"><span class="ref">[35329]
 Iª-IIae q. 42 pr.</span></a> Deinde considerandum est de
 obiecto timoris. Et circa hoc quaeruntur sex. Primo, utrum bonum
 sit obiectum timoris, vel malum. Secundo, utrum malum naturae sit
@@ -1267,7 +1265,7 @@
 dicendum quod philosophus ibi loquitur de per se bono, quod est
 bonum secundum speciem suam. Sic autem non fit aliquid magis bonum
 propter diuturnitatem vel perpetuitatem, sed propter naturam ipsius
-boni.</p></div></div><div class="q" id="q43"><h2>Quaestio 43</h2><div class="p"><h3>Prooemium</h3><p title="I-II q. 43 pr."><a name="35378"><span class="ref">[35378]
+boni.</p></div></div><div id="q43" class="q"><h2>Quaestio 43</h2><div class="p"><h3>Prooemium</h3><p title="I-II q. 43 pr."><a name="35378"><span class="ref">[35378]
 Iª-IIae q. 43 pr.</span></a> Deinde considerandum est de causa
 timoris. Et circa hoc quaeruntur duo. Primo, utrum causa timoris
 sit amor. Secundo, utrum causa timoris sit defectus.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 1</h3><p title="I-II q. 43 a. 1 arg. 1"><a name="35379"><span class="ref">[35379] Iª-IIae q. 43 a. 1 arg. 1</span></a> Ad primum
@@ -1360,7 +1358,7 @@
 timoris.</p><p title="I-II q. 43 a. 2 ad 3"><a name="35394"><span class="ref">[35394] Iª-IIae q. 43 a. 2 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
 dicendum quod decertantes timent non propter potentiam, qua
 decertare possunt, sed propter defectum potentiae, ex quo contingit
-quod se superaturos non confidunt.</p></div></div><div class="q" id="q44"><h2>Quaestio 44</h2><div class="p"><h3>Prooemium</h3><p title="I-II q. 44 pr."><a name="35395"><span class="ref">[35395]
+quod se superaturos non confidunt.</p></div></div><div id="q44" class="q"><h2>Quaestio 44</h2><div class="p"><h3>Prooemium</h3><p title="I-II q. 44 pr."><a name="35395"><span class="ref">[35395]
 Iª-IIae q. 44 pr.</span></a> Deinde considerandum est de
 effectibus timoris. Et circa hoc quaeruntur quatuor. Primo, utrum
 timor faciat contractionem. Secundo, utrum faciat consiliativos.
@@ -1566,7 +1564,7 @@
 impedit operationem, quia retrahit voluntatem ab ipsa. Sed timor
 qui est de aliis rebus, intantum adiuvat operationem, inquantum
 inclinat voluntatem ad operandum ea per quae homo effugit id quod
-timet.</p></div></div><div class="q" id="q45"><h2>Quaestio 45</h2><div class="p"><h3>Prooemium</h3><p title="I-II q. 45 pr."><a name="35428"><span class="ref">[35428]
+timet.</p></div></div><div id="q45" class="q"><h2>Quaestio 45</h2><div class="p"><h3>Prooemium</h3><p title="I-II q. 45 pr."><a name="35428"><span class="ref">[35428]
 Iª-IIae q. 45 pr.</span></a> Deinde considerandum est de
 audacia. Et circa hoc quaeruntur quatuor. Primo, utrum audacia sit
 contraria timori. Secundo, quomodo audacia se habeat ad spem.
@@ -1774,7 +1772,7 @@
 dicendum quod ex laesione non causatur ira, nisi supposita aliqua
 spe, ut infra dicetur. Et ideo si fuerit tantum periculum quod
 excedat spem victoriae, non sequetur ira. Sed verum est quod, si
-ira sequatur, audacia augebitur.</p></div></div><div class="q" id="q46"><h2>Quaestio 46</h2><div class="p"><h3>Prooemium</h3><p title="I-II q. 46 pr."><a name="35461"><span class="ref">[35461]
+ira sequatur, audacia augebitur.</p></div></div><div id="q46" class="q"><h2>Quaestio 46</h2><div class="p"><h3>Prooemium</h3><p title="I-II q. 46 pr."><a name="35461"><span class="ref">[35461]
 Iª-IIae q. 46 pr.</span></a> Deinde considerandum est de ira.
 Et primo, de ira secundum se; secundo, de causa factiva irae, et
 remedio eius; tertio, de effectu eius. Circa primum quaeruntur
@@ -1844,13 +1842,13 @@
 supra dictum est. Ergo etiam et ira.</p><p title="I-II q. 46 a. 2 arg. 3"><a name="35472"><span class="ref">[35472] Iª-IIae q. 46 a. 2 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
 ira causatur ex tristitia, unde philosophus dicit, in VII Ethic.,
 quod ira operatur cum tristitia. Sed tristitiae obiectum est malum.
-Ergo et irae.</p><p title="I-II q. 46 a. 2 s. c. 1"><a name="35473"><span class="ref">[35473] Iª-IIae q. 46 a. 2 s. c. 1</span></a> Sed contra
+Ergo et irae.</p><div class="sc"><p title="I-II q. 46 a. 2 s. c. 1"><a name="35473"><span class="ref">[35473] Iª-IIae q. 46 a. 2 s. c. 1</span></a> Sed contra
 est quod Augustinus dicit, in II Confess., quod ira appetit
 vindictam. Sed appetitus vindictae est appetitus boni, cum vindicta
 ad iustitiam pertineat. Ergo obiectum irae est bonum.</p><p title="I-II q. 46 a. 2 s. c. 2"><a name="35474"><span class="ref">[35474] Iª-IIae q. 46 a. 2 s. c. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
 ira semper est cum spe, unde et delectationem causat, ut dicit
 philosophus, in II Rhetoric. Sed spei et delectationis obiectum est
-bonum. Ergo et irae.</p><p title="I-II q. 46 a. 2 co."><a name="35475"><span class="ref">[35475] Iª-IIae q. 46 a. 2 co.</span></a> Respondeo
+bonum. Ergo et irae.</p></div><p title="I-II q. 46 a. 2 co."><a name="35475"><span class="ref">[35475] Iª-IIae q. 46 a. 2 co.</span></a> Respondeo
 dicendum quod motus appetitivae virtutis sequitur actum virtutis
 apprehensivae. Vis autem apprehensiva dupliciter aliquid
 apprehendit, uno modo, per modum incomplexi, sicut cum intelligimus
@@ -2189,7 +2187,7 @@
 velocitatem ad irascendum et firmitatem propositi ad puniendum.</p><p title="I-II q. 46 a. 8 ad 3"><a name="35524"><span class="ref">[35524] Iª-IIae q. 46 a. 8 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
 dicendum quod gradus illi irae distinguuntur secundum effectum
 irae, non autem secundum diversam perfectionem ipsius motus
-irae.</p></div></div><div class="q" id="q47"><h2>Quaestio 47</h2><div class="p"><h3>Prooemium</h3><p title="I-II q. 47 pr."><a name="35525"><span class="ref">[35525]
+irae.</p></div></div><div id="q47" class="q"><h2>Quaestio 47</h2><div class="p"><h3>Prooemium</h3><p title="I-II q. 47 pr."><a name="35525"><span class="ref">[35525]
 Iª-IIae q. 47 pr.</span></a> Deinde considerandum est de causa
 effectiva irae, et de remediis eius. Et circa hoc quaeruntur
 quatuor. Primo, utrum semper motivum irae sit aliquid factum contra
@@ -2398,7 +2396,7 @@
 dicendum quod etiam despectio quae est ab amicis, videtur esse
 magis indigna. Et ideo ex simili causa magis irascimur contra eos,
 si despiciant, vel nocendo vel non iuvando, sicut et contra
-minores.</p></div></div><div class="q" id="q48"><h2>Quaestio 48</h2><div class="p"><h3>Prooemium</h3><p title="I-II q. 48 pr."><a name="35560"><span class="ref">[35560]
+minores.</p></div></div><div id="q48" class="q"><h2>Quaestio 48</h2><div class="p"><h3>Prooemium</h3><p title="I-II q. 48 pr."><a name="35560"><span class="ref">[35560]
 Iª-IIae q. 48 pr.</span></a> Deinde considerandum est de
 effectibus irae. Et circa hoc quaeruntur quatuor. Primo, utrum ira
 causet delectationem. Secundo, utrum maxime causet fervorem in
@@ -2619,14 +2617,14 @@
 exteriorum membrorum, et quandoque etiam mors. Si autem non fuerit
 tanta perturbatio, tunc ex abundantia perturbationis cordis,
 sequitur oris locutio.</p></div></div><div class="centro"><br/>
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 <br/>
 <hr/>
 <br/>
 <address>© 2006 Fundación Tomás de Aquino quoad
 hanc editionem<br/>
 Iura omnia asservantur<br/>
-OCLC nr. <a style="text-decoration=none" href="http://worldcatlibraries.org/wcpa/oclc/49644264">49644264</a></address>
+OCLC nr. <a href="http://worldcatlibraries.org/wcpa/oclc/49644264" style="text-decoration=none">49644264</a></address>
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