Aquinas: summa/latin/sth3057.html annotate

annotate summa/latin/sth3057.html @ 90:f5ba56cfd1ca

started

author	ht
date	Sun, 16 Jun 2013 14:47:31 +0000
parents	d777cc3962f2
children

rev	line source
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2 <!DOCTYPE html
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	3 PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "file:///c:/cygwin/usr/local/share/lib/xml/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	4 <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="LA" lang="LA">
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5 <head>
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	6 <meta content="HTML Tidy for Windows (vers 1st February 2005), see www.w3.org" name="generator"/>
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	7 <meta content="text/html; charset=us-ascii" http-equiv="Content-Type"/>
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	8 <meta content="text/css" http-equiv="Content-Style-Type"/>
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	9 <meta content="text/javascript" http-equiv="Content-Script-Type"/>
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	10 <meta content="Thomas de Aquino, Summa Theologiae, Corpus Thomisticum" name="keywords"/>
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	11 <meta content="Latin" name="language"/>
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	12 <meta content="public" name="security"/>
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	13 <meta content="ealarcon@unav.es" name="owner"/>
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	14 <meta content="Enrique Alarcón" name="author"/>
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	15 <meta content="" name="abstract"/>
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	16 <link type="text/css" href="vscreen.css" media="screen" rel="stylesheet"/>
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	17 <link type="text/css" href="vprint.css" media="print" rel="stylesheet"/>
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	18 <title>Thomas de Aquino, Summa Theologiae, IIª-IIae q.
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	19 57-60</title>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	20 </head>
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	21 <body><a href="http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/"/><div class="tres">CORPUS THOMISTICUM</div><div class="uno">Sancti Thomae de Aquino</div><div class="uno">Summa Theologiae</div><div class="dos">secunda pars secundae partis a quaestione LVII ad
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	22 LX</div><div class="centro">
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	23 <table summary="Imago" align="center">
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	24 <tr>
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	25 <th><img align="middle" alt="Thomas de Aquino a Filippino Lippi depictus (Cappella Carafa, S. Maria sopra Minerva, Roma)" border="0" height="190" width="275" src="icons/fugit190.jpg"/></th>
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	26 </tr>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	27 </table>
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	28 <br/>
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	29 <span class="tres">Textum Leoninum Romae 1897 editum<br/>
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	30 ac automato translatum a Roberto Busa SJ in taenias
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	31 magneticas<br/>
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	32 denuo recognovit Enrique Alarcón atque instruxit<br/>
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	33 <br/></span><br/>
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	34 <hr/>
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	35 <br/>
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	36 <p><a href="sth3047.html"><img alt="age retro" border="0" align="middle" height="19" width="19" src="icons/ageretro.gif"/></a>
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	37 <a href="sth3061.html"><img alt="age ultra" border="0" align="middle" height="19" width="19" src="icons/ageultra.gif"/></a></p>
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	38 <script type="text/javascript" language="JavaScript">
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	39 //
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	40 <!--
26 4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	41 // original code by Bill Trefzger 12/12/96; revised by Enrique Alarcon 12/9/2000
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	42 function go(){if(document.selecter.select1.options[document.selecter.select1.selectedIndex].value !="none"){location=document.selecter.select1.options[document.selecter.select1.selectedIndex].value}}
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	43 document.write('<FORM NAME="selecter"><SELECT NAME="select1">');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	44 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="none">INDEX');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	45 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="none">------------------------------------------------');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	46 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="index.html">Corpus Thomisticum');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	47 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="iopera.html">Opera omnia');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	48 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="zbiblia.html">Bibliographia Thomistica');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	49 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="none">------------------------------------------------');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	50 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#41383">II&ordf;-IIae q. 57 pr.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	51 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#41384">II&ordf;-IIae q. 57 a. 1 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	52 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#41385">II&ordf;-IIae q. 57 a. 1 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	53 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#41386">II&ordf;-IIae q. 57 a. 1 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	54 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#41387">II&ordf;-IIae q. 57 a. 1 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	55 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#41388">II&ordf;-IIae q. 57 a. 1 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	56 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#41389">II&ordf;-IIae q. 57 a. 1 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	57 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#41390">II&ordf;-IIae q. 57 a. 1 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	58 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#41391">II&ordf;-IIae q. 57 a. 1 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	59 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#41392">II&ordf;-IIae q. 57 a. 2 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	60 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#41393">II&ordf;-IIae q. 57 a. 2 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	61 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#41394">II&ordf;-IIae q. 57 a. 2 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	62 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#41395">II&ordf;-IIae q. 57 a. 2 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	63 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#41396">II&ordf;-IIae q. 57 a. 2 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	64 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#41397">II&ordf;-IIae q. 57 a. 2 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	65 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#41398">II&ordf;-IIae q. 57 a. 2 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	66 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#41399">II&ordf;-IIae q. 57 a. 2 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	67 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#41400">II&ordf;-IIae q. 57 a. 3 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	68 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#41401">II&ordf;-IIae q. 57 a. 3 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	69 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#41402">II&ordf;-IIae q. 57 a. 3 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	70 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#41403">II&ordf;-IIae q. 57 a. 3 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	71 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#41404">II&ordf;-IIae q. 57 a. 3 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	72 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#41405">II&ordf;-IIae q. 57 a. 3 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	73 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#41406">II&ordf;-IIae q. 57 a. 3 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	74 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#41407">II&ordf;-IIae q. 57 a. 3 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	75 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#41408">II&ordf;-IIae q. 57 a. 4 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	76 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#41409">II&ordf;-IIae q. 57 a. 4 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	77 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#41410">II&ordf;-IIae q. 57 a. 4 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	78 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#41411">II&ordf;-IIae q. 57 a. 4 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	79 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#41412">II&ordf;-IIae q. 57 a. 4 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	80 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#41413">II&ordf;-IIae q. 57 a. 4 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	81 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#41414">II&ordf;-IIae q. 57 a. 4 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	82 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#41415">II&ordf;-IIae q. 57 a. 4 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	83 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#41416">II&ordf;-IIae q. 58 pr.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	84 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#41417">II&ordf;-IIae q. 58 a. 1 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	85 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#41418">II&ordf;-IIae q. 58 a. 1 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	86 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#41419">II&ordf;-IIae q. 58 a. 1 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	87 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#41420">II&ordf;-IIae q. 58 a. 1 arg. 4');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	88 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#41421">II&ordf;-IIae q. 58 a. 1 arg. 5');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	89 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#41422">II&ordf;-IIae q. 58 a. 1 arg. 6');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	90 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#41423">II&ordf;-IIae q. 58 a. 1 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	91 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#41424">II&ordf;-IIae q. 58 a. 1 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	92 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#41425">II&ordf;-IIae q. 58 a. 1 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	93 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#41426">II&ordf;-IIae q. 58 a. 1 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	94 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#41427">II&ordf;-IIae q. 58 a. 1 ad 4');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	95 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#41428">II&ordf;-IIae q. 58 a. 1 ad 5');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	96 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#41429">II&ordf;-IIae q. 58 a. 1 ad 6');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	97 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#41430">II&ordf;-IIae q. 58 a. 2 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	98 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#41431">II&ordf;-IIae q. 58 a. 2 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	99 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#41432">II&ordf;-IIae q. 58 a. 2 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	100 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#41433">II&ordf;-IIae q. 58 a. 2 arg. 4');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	101 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#41434">II&ordf;-IIae q. 58 a. 2 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	102 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#41435">II&ordf;-IIae q. 58 a. 2 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	103 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#41436">II&ordf;-IIae q. 58 a. 2 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	104 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#41437">II&ordf;-IIae q. 58 a. 2 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	105 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#41438">II&ordf;-IIae q. 58 a. 2 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	106 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#41439">II&ordf;-IIae q. 58 a. 2 ad 4');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	107 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#41440">II&ordf;-IIae q. 58 a. 3 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	108 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#41441">II&ordf;-IIae q. 58 a. 3 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	109 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#41442">II&ordf;-IIae q. 58 a. 3 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	110 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#41443">II&ordf;-IIae q. 58 a. 3 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	111 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#41444">II&ordf;-IIae q. 58 a. 3 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	112 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#41445">II&ordf;-IIae q. 58 a. 3 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	113 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#41446">II&ordf;-IIae q. 58 a. 3 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	114 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#41447">II&ordf;-IIae q. 58 a. 3 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	115 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#41448">II&ordf;-IIae q. 58 a. 4 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	116 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#41449">II&ordf;-IIae q. 58 a. 4 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	117 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#41450">II&ordf;-IIae q. 58 a. 4 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	118 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#41451">II&ordf;-IIae q. 58 a. 4 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	119 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#41452">II&ordf;-IIae q. 58 a. 4 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	120 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#41453">II&ordf;-IIae q. 58 a. 4 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	121 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#41454">II&ordf;-IIae q. 58 a. 4 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	122 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#41455">II&ordf;-IIae q. 58 a. 4 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	123 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#41456">II&ordf;-IIae q. 58 a. 5 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	124 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#41457">II&ordf;-IIae q. 58 a. 5 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	125 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#41458">II&ordf;-IIae q. 58 a. 5 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	126 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#41459">II&ordf;-IIae q. 58 a. 5 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	127 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#41460">II&ordf;-IIae q. 58 a. 5 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	128 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#41461">II&ordf;-IIae q. 58 a. 5 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	129 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#41462">II&ordf;-IIae q. 58 a. 5 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	130 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#41463">II&ordf;-IIae q. 58 a. 5 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	131 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#41464">II&ordf;-IIae q. 58 a. 6 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	132 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#41465">II&ordf;-IIae q. 58 a. 6 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	133 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#41466">II&ordf;-IIae q. 58 a. 6 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	134 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#41467">II&ordf;-IIae q. 58 a. 6 arg. 4');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	135 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#41468">II&ordf;-IIae q. 58 a. 6 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	136 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#41469">II&ordf;-IIae q. 58 a. 6 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	137 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#41470">II&ordf;-IIae q. 58 a. 6 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	138 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#41471">II&ordf;-IIae q. 58 a. 6 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	139 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#41472">II&ordf;-IIae q. 58 a. 6 ad 4');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	140 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#41473">II&ordf;-IIae q. 58 a. 7 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	141 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#41474">II&ordf;-IIae q. 58 a. 7 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	142 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#41475">II&ordf;-IIae q. 58 a. 7 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	143 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#41476">II&ordf;-IIae q. 58 a. 7 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	144 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#41477">II&ordf;-IIae q. 58 a. 7 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	145 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#41478">II&ordf;-IIae q. 58 a. 7 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	146 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#41479">II&ordf;-IIae q. 58 a. 7 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	147 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#41480">II&ordf;-IIae q. 58 a. 7 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	148 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#41481">II&ordf;-IIae q. 58 a. 8 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	149 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#41482">II&ordf;-IIae q. 58 a. 8 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	150 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#41483">II&ordf;-IIae q. 58 a. 8 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	151 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#41484">II&ordf;-IIae q. 58 a. 8 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	152 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#41485">II&ordf;-IIae q. 58 a. 8 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	153 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#41486">II&ordf;-IIae q. 58 a. 8 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	154 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#41487">II&ordf;-IIae q. 58 a. 8 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	155 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#41488">II&ordf;-IIae q. 58 a. 8 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	156 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#41489">II&ordf;-IIae q. 58 a. 9 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	157 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#41490">II&ordf;-IIae q. 58 a. 9 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	158 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#41491">II&ordf;-IIae q. 58 a. 9 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	159 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#41492">II&ordf;-IIae q. 58 a. 9 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	160 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#41493">II&ordf;-IIae q. 58 a. 9 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	161 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#41494">II&ordf;-IIae q. 58 a. 9 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	162 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#41495">II&ordf;-IIae q. 58 a. 9 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	163 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#41496">II&ordf;-IIae q. 58 a. 9 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	164 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#41497">II&ordf;-IIae q. 58 a. 10 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	165 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#41498">II&ordf;-IIae q. 58 a. 10 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	166 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#41499">II&ordf;-IIae q. 58 a. 10 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	167 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#41500">II&ordf;-IIae q. 58 a. 10 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	168 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#41501">II&ordf;-IIae q. 58 a. 10 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	169 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#41502">II&ordf;-IIae q. 58 a. 10 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	170 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#41503">II&ordf;-IIae q. 58 a. 10 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	171 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#41504">II&ordf;-IIae q. 58 a. 10 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	172 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#41505">II&ordf;-IIae q. 58 a. 11 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	173 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#41506">II&ordf;-IIae q. 58 a. 11 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	174 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#41507">II&ordf;-IIae q. 58 a. 11 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	175 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#41508">II&ordf;-IIae q. 58 a. 11 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	176 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#41509">II&ordf;-IIae q. 58 a. 11 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	177 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#41510">II&ordf;-IIae q. 58 a. 11 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	178 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#41511">II&ordf;-IIae q. 58 a. 11 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	179 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#41512">II&ordf;-IIae q. 58 a. 11 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	180 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#41513">II&ordf;-IIae q. 58 a. 12 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	181 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#41514">II&ordf;-IIae q. 58 a. 12 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	182 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#41515">II&ordf;-IIae q. 58 a. 12 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	183 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#41516">II&ordf;-IIae q. 58 a. 12 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	184 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#41517">II&ordf;-IIae q. 58 a. 12 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	185 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#41518">II&ordf;-IIae q. 58 a. 12 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	186 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#41519">II&ordf;-IIae q. 58 a. 12 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	187 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#41520">II&ordf;-IIae q. 58 a. 12 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	188 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#41521">II&ordf;-IIae q. 59 pr.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	189 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#41522">II&ordf;-IIae q. 59 a. 1 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	190 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#41523">II&ordf;-IIae q. 59 a. 1 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	191 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#41524">II&ordf;-IIae q. 59 a. 1 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	192 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#41525">II&ordf;-IIae q. 59 a. 1 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	193 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#41526">II&ordf;-IIae q. 59 a. 1 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	194 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#41527">II&ordf;-IIae q. 59 a. 1 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	195 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#41528">II&ordf;-IIae q. 59 a. 1 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	196 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#41529">II&ordf;-IIae q. 59 a. 1 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	197 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#41530">II&ordf;-IIae q. 59 a. 2 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	198 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#41531">II&ordf;-IIae q. 59 a. 2 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	199 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#41532">II&ordf;-IIae q. 59 a. 2 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	200 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#41533">II&ordf;-IIae q. 59 a. 2 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	201 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#41534">II&ordf;-IIae q. 59 a. 2 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	202 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#41535">II&ordf;-IIae q. 59 a. 2 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	203 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#41536">II&ordf;-IIae q. 59 a. 2 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	204 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#41537">II&ordf;-IIae q. 59 a. 2 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	205 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#41538">II&ordf;-IIae q. 59 a. 3 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	206 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#41539">II&ordf;-IIae q. 59 a. 3 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	207 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#41540">II&ordf;-IIae q. 59 a. 3 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	208 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#41541">II&ordf;-IIae q. 59 a. 3 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	209 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#41542">II&ordf;-IIae q. 59 a. 3 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	210 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#41543">II&ordf;-IIae q. 59 a. 3 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	211 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#41544">II&ordf;-IIae q. 59 a. 3 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	212 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#41545">II&ordf;-IIae q. 59 a. 3 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	213 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#41546">II&ordf;-IIae q. 59 a. 4 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	214 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#41547">II&ordf;-IIae q. 59 a. 4 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	215 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#41548">II&ordf;-IIae q. 59 a. 4 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	216 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#41549">II&ordf;-IIae q. 59 a. 4 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	217 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#41550">II&ordf;-IIae q. 59 a. 4 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	218 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#41551">II&ordf;-IIae q. 59 a. 4 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	219 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#41552">II&ordf;-IIae q. 59 a. 4 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	220 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#41553">II&ordf;-IIae q. 59 a. 4 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	221 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#41554">II&ordf;-IIae q. 60 pr.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	222 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#41555">II&ordf;-IIae q. 60 a. 1 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	223 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#41556">II&ordf;-IIae q. 60 a. 1 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	224 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#41557">II&ordf;-IIae q. 60 a. 1 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	225 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#41558">II&ordf;-IIae q. 60 a. 1 arg. 4');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	226 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#41559">II&ordf;-IIae q. 60 a. 1 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	227 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#41560">II&ordf;-IIae q. 60 a. 1 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	228 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#41561">II&ordf;-IIae q. 60 a. 1 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	229 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#41562">II&ordf;-IIae q. 60 a. 1 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	230 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#41563">II&ordf;-IIae q. 60 a. 1 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	231 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#41564">II&ordf;-IIae q. 60 a. 1 ad 4');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	232 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#41565">II&ordf;-IIae q. 60 a. 2 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	233 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#41566">II&ordf;-IIae q. 60 a. 2 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	234 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#41567">II&ordf;-IIae q. 60 a. 2 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	235 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#41568">II&ordf;-IIae q. 60 a. 2 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	236 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#41569">II&ordf;-IIae q. 60 a. 2 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	237 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#41570">II&ordf;-IIae q. 60 a. 2 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	238 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#41571">II&ordf;-IIae q. 60 a. 2 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	239 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#41572">II&ordf;-IIae q. 60 a. 2 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	240 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#41573">II&ordf;-IIae q. 60 a. 3 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	241 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#41574">II&ordf;-IIae q. 60 a. 3 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	242 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#41575">II&ordf;-IIae q. 60 a. 3 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	243 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#41576">II&ordf;-IIae q. 60 a. 3 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	244 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#41577">II&ordf;-IIae q. 60 a. 3 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	245 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#41578">II&ordf;-IIae q. 60 a. 3 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	246 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#41579">II&ordf;-IIae q. 60 a. 3 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	247 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#41580">II&ordf;-IIae q. 60 a. 3 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	248 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#41581">II&ordf;-IIae q. 60 a. 4 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	249 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#41582">II&ordf;-IIae q. 60 a. 4 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	250 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#41583">II&ordf;-IIae q. 60 a. 4 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	251 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#41584">II&ordf;-IIae q. 60 a. 4 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	252 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#41585">II&ordf;-IIae q. 60 a. 4 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	253 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#41586">II&ordf;-IIae q. 60 a. 4 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	254 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#41587">II&ordf;-IIae q. 60 a. 4 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	255 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#41588">II&ordf;-IIae q. 60 a. 4 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	256 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#41589">II&ordf;-IIae q. 60 a. 5 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	257 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#41590">II&ordf;-IIae q. 60 a. 5 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	258 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#41591">II&ordf;-IIae q. 60 a. 5 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	259 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#41592">II&ordf;-IIae q. 60 a. 5 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	260 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#41593">II&ordf;-IIae q. 60 a. 5 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	261 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#41594">II&ordf;-IIae q. 60 a. 5 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	262 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#41595">II&ordf;-IIae q. 60 a. 5 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	263 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#41596">II&ordf;-IIae q. 60 a. 5 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	264 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#41597">II&ordf;-IIae q. 60 a. 6 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	265 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#41598">II&ordf;-IIae q. 60 a. 6 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	266 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#41599">II&ordf;-IIae q. 60 a. 6 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	267 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#41600">II&ordf;-IIae q. 60 a. 6 arg. 4');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	268 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#41601">II&ordf;-IIae q. 60 a. 6 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	269 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#41602">II&ordf;-IIae q. 60 a. 6 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	270 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#41603">II&ordf;-IIae q. 60 a. 6 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	271 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#41604">II&ordf;-IIae q. 60 a. 6 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	272 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#41605">II&ordf;-IIae q. 60 a. 6 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	273 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#41606">II&ordf;-IIae q. 60 a. 6 ad 4');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	274 document.write('<\/SELECT>');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	275 document.write('<BR><BR>');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	276 document.write('<INPUT TYPE="button" VALUE="Agedum" ONCLICK="go()">');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	277 document.write('<\/FORM>');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	278 // -->
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	279 //
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	280 </script><br/>
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	281 <hr/>
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	282 <br/></div><div class="q" id="q57"><h2>Quaestio 57</h2><div class="p"><h3>Prooemium</h3><p title="II-II q. 57 pr."><a name="41383"><span class="ref">[41383] IIª-IIae q. 57 pr.</span></a> Consequenter post
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	283 prudentiam considerandum est de iustitia. Circa quam quadruplex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	284 consideratio occurrit, prima est de iustitia; secunda, de partibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	285 eius; tertia, de dono ad hoc pertinente; quarta, de praeceptis ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	286 iustitiam pertinentibus. Circa iustitiam vero consideranda sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	287 quatuor, primo quidem, de iure; secundo, de ipsa iustitia; tertio,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	288 de iniustitia; quarto, de iudicio. Circa primum quaeruntur quatuor.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	289 Primo, utrum ius sit obiectum iustitiae. Secundo, utrum ius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	290 convenienter dividatur in ius naturale et positivum. Tertio, utrum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	291 ius gentium sit ius naturale. Quarto, utrum ius dominativum et
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	292 paternum debeat specialiter distingui.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 1</h3><p title="II-II q. 57 a. 1 arg. 1"><a name="41384"><span class="ref">[41384] IIª-IIae q. 57 a. 1 arg. 1</span></a> Ad primum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	293 sic proceditur. Videtur quod ius non sit obiectum iustitiae. Dicit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	294 enim celsus iurisconsultus quod ius est ars boni et aequi. Ars
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	295 autem non est obiectum iustitiae, sed est per se virtus
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	296 intellectualis. Ergo ius non est obiectum iustitiae.</p><p title="II-II q. 57 a. 1 arg. 2"><a name="41385"><span class="ref">[41385] IIª-IIae q. 57 a. 1 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	297 lex, sicut Isidorus dicit, in libro Etymol., iuris est species. Lex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	298 autem non est obiectum iustitiae, sed magis prudentiae, unde et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	299 philosophus legispositivam partem prudentiae ponit. Ergo ius non
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	300 est obiectum iustitiae.</p><p title="II-II q. 57 a. 1 arg. 3"><a name="41386"><span class="ref">[41386] IIª-IIae q. 57 a. 1 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	301 iustitia principaliter subiicit hominem Deo, dicit enim Augustinus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	302 libro de moribus Eccles., quod <i>iustitia est amor Deo tantum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	303 serviens, et ob hoc bene imperans ceteris, quae homini subiecta
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	304 sunt</i>. Sed ius non pertinet ad divina, sed solum ad humana,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	305 dicit enim Isidorus, in libro Etymol., quod <i>fas lex divina est,
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	306 ius autem lex humana</i>. Ergo ius non est obiectum iustitiae.</p><p title="II-II q. 57 a. 1 s. c."><a name="41387"><span class="ref">[41387] IIª-IIae q. 57 a. 1 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	307 est quod Isidorus dicit, in eodem, quod ius dictum est quia est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	308 iustum. Sed iustum est obiectum iustitiae, dicit enim philosophus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	309 in V Ethic., quod <i>omnes talem habitum volunt dicere iustitiam a
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	310 quo operativi iustorum sunt</i>. Ergo ius est obiectum
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	311 iustitiae.</p><p title="II-II q. 57 a. 1 co."><a name="41388"><span class="ref">[41388] IIª-IIae q. 57 a. 1 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	312 dicendum quod iustitiae proprium est inter alias virtutes ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	313 ordinet hominem in his quae sunt ad alterum. Importat enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	314 aequalitatem quandam, ut ipsum nomen demonstrat, dicuntur enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	315 vulgariter ea quae adaequantur iustari. Aequalitas autem ad alterum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	316 est. Aliae autem virtutes perficiunt hominem solum in his quae ei
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	317 conveniunt secundum seipsum. Sic igitur illud quod est rectum in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	318 operibus aliarum virtutum, ad quod tendit intentio virtutis quasi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	319 in proprium obiectum, non accipitur nisi per comparationem ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	320 agentem. Rectum vero quod est in opere iustitiae, etiam praeter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	321 comparationem ad agentem, constituitur per comparationem ad alium,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	322 illud enim in opere nostro dicitur esse iustum quod respondet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	323 secundum aliquam aequalitatem alteri, puta recompensatio mercedis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	324 debitae pro servitio impenso. Sic igitur iustum dicitur aliquid,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	325 quasi habens rectitudinem iustitiae, ad quod terminatur actio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	326 iustitiae, etiam non considerato qualiter ab agente fiat. Sed in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	327 aliis virtutibus non determinatur aliquid rectum nisi secundum quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	328 aliqualiter fit ab agente. Et propter hoc specialiter iustitiae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	329 prae aliis virtutibus determinatur secundum se obiectum, quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	330 vocatur iustum. Et hoc quidem est ius. Unde manifestum est quod ius
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	331 est obiectum iustitiae.</p><p title="II-II q. 57 a. 1 ad 1"><a name="41389"><span class="ref">[41389] IIª-IIae q. 57 a. 1 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	332 ergo dicendum quod consuetum est quod nomina a sui prima
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	333 impositione detorqueantur ad alia significanda, sicut nomen
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	334 medicinae impositum est primo ad significandum remedium quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	335 praestatur infirmo ad sanandum, deinde tractum est ad significandum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	336 artem qua hoc fit. Ita etiam hoc nomen ius primo impositum est ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	337 significandum ipsam rem iustam; postmodum autem derivatum est ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	338 artem qua cognoscitur quid sit iustum; et ulterius ad significandum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	339 locum in quo ius redditur, sicut dicitur aliquis comparere in iure;
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	340 et ulterius dicitur etiam ius quod redditur ab eo ad cuius officium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	341 pertinet iustitiam facere, licet etiam id quod decernit sit
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	342 iniquum.</p><p title="II-II q. 57 a. 1 ad 2"><a name="41390"><span class="ref">[41390] IIª-IIae q. 57 a. 1 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	343 dicendum quod sicut eorum quae per artem exterius fiunt quaedam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	344 ratio in mente artificis praeexistit, quae dicitur regula artis;
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	345 ita etiam illius operis iusti quod ratio determinat quaedam ratio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	346 praeexistit in mente, quasi quaedam prudentiae regula. Et hoc si in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	347 scriptum redigatur, vocatur lex, est enim lex, secundum Isidorum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	348 constitutio scripta. Et ideo lex non est ipsum ius, proprie
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	349 loquendo, sed aliqualis ratio iuris.</p><p title="II-II q. 57 a. 1 ad 3"><a name="41391"><span class="ref">[41391] IIª-IIae q. 57 a. 1 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	350 dicendum quod quia iustitia aequalitatem importat, Deo autem non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	351 possumus aequivalens recompensare, inde est quod iustum, secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	352 perfectam rationem, non possumus reddere Deo. Et propter hoc non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	353 dicitur proprie ius lex divina, sed fas, quia videlicet sufficit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	354 Deo ut impleamus quod possumus. Iustitia tamen ad hoc tendit ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	355 homo, quantum potest, Deo recompenset, totaliter animam ei
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	356 subiiciens.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 2</h3><p title="II-II q. 57 a. 2 arg. 1"><a name="41392"><span class="ref">[41392] IIª-IIae q. 57 a. 2 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	357 secundum sic proceditur. Videtur quod ius non convenienter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	358 dividatur in ius naturale et ius positivum. Illud enim quod est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	359 naturale est immutabile, et idem apud omnes. Non autem invenitur in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	360 rebus humanis aliquid tale, quia omnes regulae iuris humani in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	361 aliquibus casibus deficiunt, nec habent suam virtutem ubique. Ergo
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	362 non est aliquod ius naturale.</p><p title="II-II q. 57 a. 2 arg. 2"><a name="41393"><span class="ref">[41393] IIª-IIae q. 57 a. 2 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	363 illud dicitur esse positivum quod ex voluntate humana procedit. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	364 non ideo aliquid est iustum quia a voluntate humana procedit,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	365 alioquin voluntas hominis iniusta esse non posset. Ergo, cum iustum
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	366 sit idem quod ius, videtur quod nullum sit ius positivum.</p><p title="II-II q. 57 a. 2 arg. 3"><a name="41394"><span class="ref">[41394] IIª-IIae q. 57 a. 2 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	367 ius divinum non est ius naturale, cum excedat naturam humanam.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	368 Similiter etiam non est ius positivum, quia non innititur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	369 auctoritati humanae, sed auctoritati divinae. Ergo inconvenienter
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	370 dividitur ius per naturale et positivum.</p><p title="II-II q. 57 a. 2 s. c."><a name="41395"><span class="ref">[41395] IIª-IIae q. 57 a. 2 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	371 est quod philosophus dicit, in V Ethic., quod <i>politici iusti hoc
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	372 quidem naturale est, hoc autem legale</i>, idest lege positum.</p><p title="II-II q. 57 a. 2 co."><a name="41396"><span class="ref">[41396] IIª-IIae q. 57 a. 2 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	373 dicendum quod, sicut dictum est, ius, sive iustum, est aliquod opus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	374 adaequatum alteri secundum aliquem aequalitatis modum. Dupliciter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	375 autem potest alicui homini aliquid esse adaequatum. Uno quidem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	376 modo, ex ipsa natura rei, puta cum aliquis tantum dat ut tantundem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	377 recipiat. Et hoc vocatur ius naturale. Alio modo aliquid est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	378 adaequatum vel commensuratum alteri ex condicto, sive ex communi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	379 placito, quando scilicet aliquis reputat se contentum si tantum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	380 accipiat. Quod quidem potest fieri dupliciter. Uno modo, per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	381 aliquod privatum condictum, sicut quod firmatur aliquo pacto inter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	382 privatas personas. Alio modo, ex condicto publico, puta cum totus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	383 populus consentit quod aliquid habeatur quasi adaequatum et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	384 commensuratum alteri; vel cum hoc ordinat princeps, qui curam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	385 populi habet et eius personam gerit. Et hoc dicitur ius
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	386 positivum.</p><p title="II-II q. 57 a. 2 ad 1"><a name="41397"><span class="ref">[41397] IIª-IIae q. 57 a. 2 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	387 ergo dicendum quod illud quod est naturale habenti naturam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	388 immutabilem, oportet quod sit semper et ubique tale. Natura autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	389 hominis est mutabilis. Et ideo id quod naturale est homini potest
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	390 aliquando deficere. Sicut naturalem aequalitatem habet ut deponenti
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	391 depositum reddatur, et si ita esset quod natura humana semper esset
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	392 recta, hoc esset semper servandum. Sed quia quandoque contingit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	393 quod voluntas hominis depravatur, est aliquis casus in quo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	394 depositum non est reddendum, ne homo perversam voluntatem habens
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	395 male eo utatur, ut puta si furiosus vel hostis reipublicae arma
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	396 deposita reposcat.</p><p title="II-II q. 57 a. 2 ad 2"><a name="41398"><span class="ref">[41398] IIª-IIae q. 57 a. 2 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	397 dicendum quod voluntas humana ex communi condicto potest aliquid
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	398 facere iustum in his quae secundum se non habent aliquam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	399 repugnantiam ad naturalem iustitiam. Et in his habet locum ius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	400 positivum. Unde philosophus dicit, in V Ethic., quod legale iustum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	401 est <i>quod ex principio quidem nihil differt sic vel aliter,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	402 quando autem ponitur, differt</i>. Sed si aliquid de se
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	403 repugnantiam habeat ad ius naturale, non potest voluntate humana
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	404 fieri iustum, puta si statuatur quod liceat furari vel adulterium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	405 committere. Unde dicitur Isaiae X, <i>vae qui condunt leges
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	406 iniquas</i>.</p><p title="II-II q. 57 a. 2 ad 3"><a name="41399"><span class="ref">[41399] IIª-IIae q. 57 a. 2 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	407 dicendum quod ius divinum dicitur quod divinitus promulgatur. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	408 hoc quidem partim est de his quae sunt naturaliter iusta, sed tamen
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	409 eorum iustitia homines latet, partim autem est de his quae fiunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	410 iusta institutione divina. Unde etiam ius divinum per haec duo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	411 distingui potest, sicut et ius humanum. Sunt enim in lege divina
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	412 quaedam praecepta quia bona, et prohibita quia mala, quaedam vero
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	413 bona quia praecepta, et mala quia prohibita.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 3</h3><p title="II-II q. 57 a. 3 arg. 1"><a name="41400"><span class="ref">[41400] IIª-IIae q. 57 a. 3 arg. 1</span></a> Ad tertium
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	414 sic proceditur. Videtur quod ius gentium sit idem cum iure
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	415 naturali. Non enim omnes homines conveniunt nisi in eo quod est eis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	416 naturale. Sed in iure gentium omnes homines conveniunt, dicit enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	417 iurisconsultus quod ius gentium est quo gentes humanae utuntur.
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	418 Ergo ius gentium est ius naturale.</p><p title="II-II q. 57 a. 3 arg. 2"><a name="41401"><span class="ref">[41401] IIª-IIae q. 57 a. 3 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	419 servitus inter homines est naturalis, quidam enim sunt naturaliter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	420 servi, ut philosophus probat, in I Polit. Sed servitutes pertinent
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	421 ad ius gentium, ut Isidorus dicit. Ergo ius gentium est ius
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	422 naturale.</p><p title="II-II q. 57 a. 3 arg. 3"><a name="41402"><span class="ref">[41402] IIª-IIae q. 57 a. 3 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	423 ius, ut dictum est, dividitur per ius naturale et positivum. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	424 ius gentium non est ius positivum, non enim omnes gentes unquam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	425 convenerunt ut ex communi condicto aliquid statuerent. Ergo ius
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	426 gentium est ius naturale.</p><p title="II-II q. 57 a. 3 s. c."><a name="41403"><span class="ref">[41403] IIª-IIae q. 57 a. 3 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	427 est quod Isidorus dicit, quod ius aut naturale est, aut civile, aut
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	428 gentium. Et ita ius gentium distinguitur a iure naturali.</p><p title="II-II q. 57 a. 3 co."><a name="41404"><span class="ref">[41404] IIª-IIae q. 57 a. 3 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	429 dicendum quod, sicut dictum est, ius sive iustum naturale est quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	430 ex sui natura est adaequatum vel commensuratum alteri. Hoc autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	431 potest contingere dupliciter. Uno modo, secundum absolutam sui
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	432 considerationem, sicut masculus ex sui ratione habet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	433 commensurationem ad feminam ut ex ea generet, et parens ad filium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	434 ut eum nutriat. Alio modo aliquid est naturaliter alteri
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	435 commensuratum non secundum absolutam sui rationem, sed secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	436 aliquid quod ex ipso consequitur, puta proprietas possessionum. Si
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	437 enim consideretur iste ager absolute, non habet unde magis sit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	438 huius quam illius, sed si consideretur quantum ad opportunitatem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	439 colendi et ad pacificum usum agri, secundum hoc habet quandam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	440 commensurationem ad hoc quod sit unius et non alterius, ut patet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	441 per philosophum, in II Polit. Absolute autem apprehendere aliquid
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	442 non solum convenit homini, sed etiam aliis animalibus. Et ideo ius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	443 quod dicitur naturale secundum primum modum, commune est nobis et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	444 aliis animalibus. A iure autem naturali sic dicto recedit ius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	445 gentium, ut iurisconsultus dicit, <i>quia illud omnibus animalibus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	446 hoc solum hominibus inter se commune est</i>. Considerare autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	447 aliquid comparando ad id quod ex ipso sequitur, est proprium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	448 rationis. Et ideo hoc quidem est naturale homini secundum rationem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	449 naturalem, quae hoc dictat. Et ideo dicit Gaius iurisconsultus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	450 <i>quod naturalis ratio inter omnes homines constituit, id apud
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	451 omnes gentes custoditur, vocaturque ius gentium</i>.</p><p title="II-II q. 57 a. 3 ad 1"><a name="41405"><span class="ref">[41405] IIª-IIae q. 57 a. 3 ad 1</span></a> Et per hoc
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	452 patet responsio ad primum.</p><p title="II-II q. 57 a. 3 ad 2"><a name="41406"><span class="ref">[41406] IIª-IIae q. 57 a. 3 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	453 dicendum quod hunc hominem esse servum, absolute considerando,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	454 magis quam alium, non habet rationem naturalem, sed solum secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	455 aliquam utilitatem consequentem, inquantum utile est huic quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	456 regatur a sapientiori, et illi quod ab hoc iuvetur, ut dicitur in I
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	457 Polit. Et ideo servitus pertinens ad ius gentium est naturalis
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	458 secundo modo, sed non primo.</p><p title="II-II q. 57 a. 3 ad 3"><a name="41407"><span class="ref">[41407] IIª-IIae q. 57 a. 3 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	459 dicendum quod quia ea quae sunt iuris gentium naturalis ratio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	460 dictat, puta ex propinquo habentia aequitatem; inde est quod non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	461 indigent aliqua speciali institutione, sed ipsa naturalis ratio ea
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	462 instituit, ut dictum est in auctoritate inducta.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 4</h3><p title="II-II q. 57 a. 4 arg. 1"><a name="41408"><span class="ref">[41408] IIª-IIae q. 57 a. 4 arg. 1</span></a> Ad quartum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	463 sic proceditur. Videtur quod non debeat specialiter distingui ius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	464 paternum et dominativum. Ad iustitiam enim pertinet reddere
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	465 unicuique quod suum est; ut dicit Ambrosius, in I de officiis. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	466 ius est obiectum iustitiae, sicut dictum est. Ergo ius ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	467 unumquemque aequaliter pertinet. Et sic non debet distingui
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	468 specialiter ius patris et domini.</p><p title="II-II q. 57 a. 4 arg. 2"><a name="41409"><span class="ref">[41409] IIª-IIae q. 57 a. 4 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	469 ratio iusti est lex, ut dictum est. Sed lex respicit commune bonum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	470 civitatis et regni, ut supra habitum est, non autem respicit bonum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	471 privatum unius personae, aut etiam unius familiae. Non ergo debet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	472 esse aliquod speciale ius vel iustum dominativum vel paternum, cum
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	473 dominus et pater pertineant ad domum, ut dicitur in I Polit.</p><p title="II-II q. 57 a. 4 arg. 3"><a name="41410"><span class="ref">[41410] IIª-IIae q. 57 a. 4 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	474 multae aliae sunt differentiae graduum in hominibus, ut puta quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	475 quidam sunt milites, quidam sacerdotes, quidam principes. Ergo ad
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	476 eos debet aliquod speciale iustum determinari.</p><p title="II-II q. 57 a. 4 s. c."><a name="41411"><span class="ref">[41411] IIª-IIae q. 57 a. 4 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	477 est quod philosophus, in V Ethic., specialiter a iusto politico
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	478 distinguit dominativum et paternum, et alia huiusmodi.</p><p title="II-II q. 57 a. 4 co."><a name="41412"><span class="ref">[41412] IIª-IIae q. 57 a. 4 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	479 dicendum quod ius, sive iustum dicitur per commensurationem ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	480 alterum. Alterum autem potest dici dupliciter. Uno modo, quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	481 simpliciter est alterum, sicut quod est omnino distinctum, sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	482 apparet in duobus hominibus quorum unus non est sub altero, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	483 ambo sunt sub uno principe civitatis. Et inter tales, secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	484 philosophum, in V Ethic., est simpliciter iustum. Alio modo dicitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	485 aliquid alterum non simpliciter, sed quasi aliquid eius existens.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	486 Et hoc modo in rebus humanis filius est aliquid patris, quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	487 quodammodo est pars eius, ut dicitur in VIII Ethic.; et servus est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	488 aliquid domini, quia est instrumentum eius, ut dicitur in I Polit.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	489 Et ideo patris ad filium non est comparatio sicut ad simpliciter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	490 alterum, et propter hoc non est ibi simpliciter iustum, sed quoddam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	491 iustum, scilicet paternum. Et eadem ratione nec inter dominum et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	492 servum, sed est inter eos dominativum iustum. Uxor autem, quamvis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	493 sit aliquid viri, quia comparatur ad eam sicut ad proprium corpus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	494 ut patet per apostolum, ad Ephes. V; tamen magis distinguitur a
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	495 viro quam filius a patre vel servus a domino, assumitur enim in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	496 quandam socialem vitam matrimonii. Et ideo, ut philosophus dicit,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	497 inter virum et uxorem plus est de ratione iusti quam inter patrem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	498 et filium, vel dominum et servum. Quia tamen vir et uxor habent
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	499 immediatam relationem ad domesticam communitatem, ut patet in I
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	500 Polit.; ideo inter eos non est etiam simpliciter politicum iustum,
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	501 sed magis iustum oeconomicum.</p><p title="II-II q. 57 a. 4 ad 1"><a name="41413"><span class="ref">[41413] IIª-IIae q. 57 a. 4 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	502 ergo dicendum quod ad iustitiam pertinet reddere ius suum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	503 unicuique, supposita tamen diversitate unius ad alterum, si quis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	504 enim sibi det quod sibi debetur, non proprie vocatur hoc iustum. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	505 quia quod est filii est patris, et quod est servi est domini, ideo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	506 non est proprie iustitia patris ad filium, vel domini ad
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	507 servum.</p><p title="II-II q. 57 a. 4 ad 2"><a name="41414"><span class="ref">[41414] IIª-IIae q. 57 a. 4 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	508 dicendum quod filius, inquantum filius, est aliquid patris; et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	509 similiter servus, inquantum servus, est aliquid domini. Uterque
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	510 tamen prout consideratur ut quidam homo, est aliquid secundum se
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	511 subsistens ab aliis distinctum. Et ideo inquantum uterque est homo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	512 aliquo modo ad eos est iustitia. Et propter hoc etiam aliquae leges
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	513 dantur de his quae sunt patris ad filium, vel domini ad servum. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	514 inquantum uterque est aliquid alterius, secundum hoc deficit ibi
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	515 perfecta ratio iusti vel iuris.</p><p title="II-II q. 57 a. 4 ad 3"><a name="41415"><span class="ref">[41415] IIª-IIae q. 57 a. 4 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	516 dicendum quod omnes aliae diversitates personarum quae sunt in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	517 civitate, habent immediatam relationem ad communitatem civitatis et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	518 ad principem ipsius. Et ideo ad eos est iustum secundum perfectam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	519 rationem iustitiae. Distinguitur tamen istud iustum secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	520 diversa officia. Unde et dicitur ius militare vel ius magistratuum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	521 aut sacerdotum, non propter defectum a simpliciter iusto, sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	522 dicitur ius paternum et dominativum, sed propter hoc quod unicuique
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	523 conditioni personae secundum proprium officium aliquid proprium
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	524 debetur.</p></div></div><div class="q" id="q58"><h2>Quaestio 58</h2><div class="p"><h3>Prooemium</h3><p title="II-II q. 58 pr."><a name="41416"><span class="ref">[41416] IIª-IIae q. 58 pr.</span></a> Deinde
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	525 considerandum est de iustitia. Circa quam quaeruntur duodecim.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	526 Primo, quid sit iustitia. Secundo, utrum iustitia semper sit ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	527 alterum. Tertio, utrum sit virtus. Quarto, utrum sit in voluntate
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	528 sicut in subiecto. Quinto, utrum sit virtus generalis. Sexto, utrum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	529 secundum quod est generalis, sit idem in essentia cum omni virtute.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	530 Septimo, utrum sit aliqua iustitia particularis. Octavo, utrum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	531 iustitia particularis habeat propriam materiam. Nono, utrum sit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	532 circa passiones, vel circa operationes tantum. Decimo, utrum medium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	533 iustitiae sit medium rei. Undecimo, utrum actus iustitiae sit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	534 reddere unicuique quod suum est. Duodecimo, utrum iustitia sit
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	535 praecipua inter alias virtutes morales.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 1</h3><p title="II-II q. 58 a. 1 arg. 1"><a name="41417"><span class="ref">[41417] IIª-IIae q. 58 a. 1 arg. 1</span></a> Ad primum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	536 sic proceditur. Videtur quod inconvenienter definiatur a
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	537 iurisperitis quod <i>iustitia est constans et perpetua voluntas ius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	538 suum unicuique tribuens. Iustitia enim</i>, secundum philosophum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	539 in V Ethic., <i>est habitus a quo sunt aliqui operativi iustorum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	540 et a quo operantur et volunt iusta</i>. Sed voluntas nominat
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	541 potentiam, vel etiam actum. Ergo inconvenienter iustitia dicitur
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	542 esse voluntas.</p><p title="II-II q. 58 a. 1 arg. 2"><a name="41418"><span class="ref">[41418] IIª-IIae q. 58 a. 1 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	543 rectitudo voluntatis non est voluntas, alioquin, si voluntas esset
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	544 sua rectitudo, sequeretur quod nulla voluntas esset perversa. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	545 secundum Anselmum, in libro de veritate, iustitia est rectitudo.
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	546 Ergo iustitia non est voluntas.</p><p title="II-II q. 58 a. 1 arg. 3"><a name="41419"><span class="ref">[41419] IIª-IIae q. 58 a. 1 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	547 sola Dei voluntas est perpetua. Si ergo iustitia est perpetua
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	548 voluntas, in solo Deo erit iustitia.</p><p title="II-II q. 58 a. 1 arg. 4"><a name="41420"><span class="ref">[41420] IIª-IIae q. 58 a. 1 arg. 4</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	549 omne perpetuum est constans, quia est immutabile. Superflue ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	550 utrumque ponitur in definitione iustitiae, et perpetuum et
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	551 constans.</p><p title="II-II q. 58 a. 1 arg. 5"><a name="41421"><span class="ref">[41421] IIª-IIae q. 58 a. 1 arg. 5</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	552 reddere ius unicuique pertinet ad principem. Si igitur iustitia sit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	553 ius suum unicuique tribuens, sequetur quod iustitia non sit nisi in
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	554 principe. Quod est inconveniens.</p><p title="II-II q. 58 a. 1 arg. 6"><a name="41422"><span class="ref">[41422] IIª-IIae q. 58 a. 1 arg. 6</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	555 Augustinus dicit, in libro de moribus Eccles., quod <i>iustitia est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	556 amor Deo tantum serviens</i>. Non ergo reddit unicuique quod suum
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	557 est.</p><p title="II-II q. 58 a. 1 co."><a name="41423"><span class="ref">[41423] IIª-IIae q. 58 a. 1 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	558 dicendum quod praedicta iustitiae definitio conveniens est, si
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	559 recte intelligatur. Cum enim omnis virtus sit habitus qui est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	560 principium boni actus, necesse est quod virtus definiatur per actum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	561 bonum circa propriam materiam virtutis. Est autem iustitia circa ea
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	562 quae ad alterum sunt sicut circa propriam materiam, ut infra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	563 patebit. Et ideo actus iustitiae per comparationem ad propriam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	564 materiam et obiectum tangitur cum dicitur, ius suum unicuique
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	565 tribuens, quia, ut Isidorus dicit, in libro Etymol., iustus dicitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	566 quia ius custodit. Ad hoc autem quod aliquis actus circa quamcumque
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	567 materiam sit virtuosus, requiritur quod sit voluntarius, et quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	568 sit stabilis et firmus, quia philosophus dicit, in II Ethic., quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	569 ad virtutis actum requiritur primo quidem quod operetur sciens,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	570 secundo autem quod eligens et propter debitum finem, tertio quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	571 immobiliter operetur. Primum autem horum includitur in secundo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	572 quia quod per ignorantiam agitur est involuntarium, ut dicitur in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	573 III Ethic. et ideo in definitione iustitiae primo ponitur voluntas,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	574 ad ostendendum quod actus iustitiae debet esse voluntarius. Additur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	575 autem de constantia et perpetuitate, ad designandum actus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	576 firmitatem. Et ideo praedicta definitio est completa definitio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	577 iustitiae, nisi quod actus ponitur pro habitu, qui per actum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	578 specificatur, habitus enim ad actum dicitur. Et si quis vellet in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	579 debitam formam definitionis reducere, posset sic dicere, quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	580 iustitia est habitus secundum quem aliquis constanti et perpetua
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	581 voluntate ius suum unicuique tribuit. Et quasi est eadem definitio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	582 cum ea quam philosophus ponit, in V Ethic., dicens quod <i>iustitia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	583 est habitus secundum quem aliquis dicitur operativus secundum
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	584 electionem iusti</i>.</p><p title="II-II q. 58 a. 1 ad 1"><a name="41424"><span class="ref">[41424] IIª-IIae q. 58 a. 1 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	585 ergo dicendum quod voluntas hic nominat actum, non potentiam. Est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	586 autem consuetum quod apud auctores habitus per actus definiantur,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	587 sicut Augustinus dicit, super Ioan., quod fides est credere quod
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	588 non vides.</p><p title="II-II q. 58 a. 1 ad 2"><a name="41425"><span class="ref">[41425] IIª-IIae q. 58 a. 1 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	589 dicendum quod neque etiam iustitia est essentialiter rectitudo, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	590 causaliter tantum, est enim habitus secundum quem aliquis recte
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	591 operatur et vult.</p><p title="II-II q. 58 a. 1 ad 3"><a name="41426"><span class="ref">[41426] IIª-IIae q. 58 a. 1 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	592 dicendum quod voluntas potest dici perpetua dupliciter. Uno modo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	593 ex parte ipsius actus, qui perpetuo durat. Et sic solius Dei
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	594 voluntas est perpetua. Alio modo, ex parte obiecti, quia scilicet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	595 aliquis vult perpetuo facere aliquid. Et hoc requiritur ad rationem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	596 iustitiae. Non enim sufficit ad rationem iustitiae quod aliquis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	597 velit ad horam in aliquo negotio servare iustitiam, quia vix
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	598 invenitur aliquis qui velit in omnibus iniuste agere, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	599 requiritur quod homo habeat voluntatem perpetuo et in omnibus
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	600 iustitiam conservandi.</p><p title="II-II q. 58 a. 1 ad 4"><a name="41427"><span class="ref">[41427] IIª-IIae q. 58 a. 1 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	601 dicendum quod quia perpetuum non accipitur secundum durationem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	602 perpetuam actus voluntatis, non superflue additur constans, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	603 sicut per hoc quod dicitur perpetua voluntas designatur quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	604 aliquis gerat in proposito perpetuo iustitiam conservandi, ita
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	605 etiam per hoc quod dicitur constans designatur quod in hoc
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	606 proposito firmiter perseveret.</p><p title="II-II q. 58 a. 1 ad 5"><a name="41428"><span class="ref">[41428] IIª-IIae q. 58 a. 1 ad 5</span></a> Ad quintum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	607 dicendum quod iudex reddit quod suum est per modum imperantis et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	608 dirigentis, quia iudex est iustum animatum, et princeps est custos
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	609 iusti, ut dicitur in V Ethic. Sed subditi reddunt quod suum est
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	610 unicuique per modum executionis.</p><p title="II-II q. 58 a. 1 ad 6"><a name="41429"><span class="ref">[41429] IIª-IIae q. 58 a. 1 ad 6</span></a> Ad sextum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	611 dicendum quod sicut in dilectione Dei includitur dilectio proximi,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	612 ut supra dictum est; ita etiam in hoc quod homo servit Deo
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	613 includitur quod unicuique reddat quod debet.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 2</h3><p title="II-II q. 58 a. 2 arg. 1"><a name="41430"><span class="ref">[41430] IIª-IIae q. 58 a. 2 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	614 secundum sic proceditur. Videtur quod iustitia non semper sit ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	615 alterum. Dicit enim apostolus, ad Rom. III, quod <i>iustitia Dei
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	616 est per fidem Iesu Christi</i>. Sed fides non dicitur per
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	617 comparationem unius hominis ad alterum. Ergo neque iustitia.</p><p title="II-II q. 58 a. 2 arg. 2"><a name="41431"><span class="ref">[41431] IIª-IIae q. 58 a. 2 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	618 secundum Augustinum, in libro de moribus Eccles., ad iustitiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	619 pertinet, ob hoc quod servit Deo, <i>bene imperare ceteris, quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	620 homini sunt subiecta</i>. Sed appetitus sensitivus est homini
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	621 subiectus, ut patet Gen. IV, ubi dicitur, subter te erit appetitus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	622 eius, scilicet peccati, et tu dominaberis illius. Ergo ad iustitiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	623 pertinet dominari proprio appetitui. Et sic erit iustitia ad
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	624 seipsum.</p><p title="II-II q. 58 a. 2 arg. 3"><a name="41432"><span class="ref">[41432] IIª-IIae q. 58 a. 2 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	625 iustitia Dei est aeterna. Sed nihil aliud fuit Deo coaeternum. Ergo
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	626 de ratione iustitiae non est quod sit ad alterum.</p><p title="II-II q. 58 a. 2 arg. 4"><a name="41433"><span class="ref">[41433] IIª-IIae q. 58 a. 2 arg. 4</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	627 sicut operationes quae sunt ad alterum indigent rectificari, ita
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	628 etiam operationes quae sunt ad seipsum. Sed per iustitiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	629 rectificantur operationes, secundum illud Prov. XI, <i>iustitia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	630 simplicis dirigit viam eius</i>. Ergo iustitia non solum est circa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	631 ea quae sunt ad alterum, sed etiam circa ea quae sunt ad
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	632 seipsum.</p><p title="II-II q. 58 a. 2 s. c."><a name="41434"><span class="ref">[41434] IIª-IIae q. 58 a. 2 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	633 est quod Tullius dicit, in I de Offic., quod <i>iustitiae ea ratio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	634 est qua societas hominum inter ipsos, et vitae communitas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	635 continetur</i>. Sed hoc importat respectum ad alterum. Ergo
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	636 iustitia est solum circa ea quae sunt ad alterum.</p><p title="II-II q. 58 a. 2 co."><a name="41435"><span class="ref">[41435] IIª-IIae q. 58 a. 2 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	637 dicendum quod, sicut supra dictum est, cum nomen iustitiae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	638 aequalitatem importet, ex sua ratione iustitia habet quod sit ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	639 alterum, nihil enim est sibi aequale, sed alteri. Et quia ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	640 iustitiam pertinet actus humanos rectificare, ut dictum est,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	641 necesse est quod alietas ista quam requirit iustitia, sit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	642 diversorum agere potentium. Actiones autem sunt suppositorum et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	643 totorum, non autem, proprie loquendo, partium et formarum, seu
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	644 potentiarum, non enim proprie dicitur quod manus percutiat, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	645 homo per manum; neque proprie dicitur quod calor calefaciat, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	646 ignis per calorem. Secundum tamen similitudinem quandam haec
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	647 dicuntur. Iustitia ergo proprie dicta requirit diversitatem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	648 suppositorum, et ideo non est nisi unius hominis ad alium. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	649 secundum similitudinem accipiuntur in uno et eodem homine diversa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	650 principia actionum quasi diversa agentia, sicut ratio et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	651 irascibilis et concupiscibilis. Et ideo metaphorice in uno et eodem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	652 homine dicitur esse iustitia, secundum quod ratio imperat
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	653 irascibili et concupiscibili, et secundum quod hae obediunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	654 rationi, et universaliter secundum quod unicuique parti hominis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	655 attribuitur quod ei convenit. Unde philosophus, in V Ethic., hanc
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	656 iustitiam appellat secundum metaphoram dictam.</p><p title="II-II q. 58 a. 2 ad 1"><a name="41436"><span class="ref">[41436] IIª-IIae q. 58 a. 2 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	657 ergo dicendum quod iustitia quae fit per fidem in nobis, est per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	658 quam iustificatur impius, quae quidem in ipsa debita ordinatione
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	659 partium animae consistit, sicut supra dictum est, cum de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	660 iustificatione impii ageretur. Hoc autem pertinet ad iustitiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	661 metaphorice dictam, quae potest inveniri etiam in aliquo solitariam
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	662 vitam agente.</p><p title="II-II q. 58 a. 2 ad 2"><a name="41437"><span class="ref">[41437] IIª-IIae q. 58 a. 2 ad 2</span></a> Et per hoc
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	663 patet responsio ad secundum.</p><p title="II-II q. 58 a. 2 ad 3"><a name="41438"><span class="ref">[41438] IIª-IIae q. 58 a. 2 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	664 dicendum quod iustitia Dei est ab aeterno secundum voluntatem et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	665 propositum aeternum, et in hoc praecipue iustitia consistit.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	666 Quamvis secundum effectum non sit ab aeterno, quia nihil est Deo
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	667 coaeternum.</p><p title="II-II q. 58 a. 2 ad 4"><a name="41439"><span class="ref">[41439] IIª-IIae q. 58 a. 2 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	668 dicendum quod actiones quae sunt hominis ad seipsum sufficienter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	669 rectificantur rectificatis passionibus per alias virtutes morales.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	670 Sed actiones quae sunt ad alterum indigent speciali rectificatione,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	671 non solum per comparationem ad agentem, sed etiam per comparationem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	672 ad eum ad quem sunt. Et ideo circa eas est specialis virtus, quae
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	673 est iustitia.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 3</h3><p title="II-II q. 58 a. 3 arg. 1"><a name="41440"><span class="ref">[41440] IIª-IIae q. 58 a. 3 arg. 1</span></a> Ad tertium
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	674 sic proceditur. Videtur quod iustitia non sit virtus. Dicitur enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	675 Luc. XVII, <i>cum feceritis omnia quae praecepta sunt vobis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	676 dicite, servi inutiles sumus, quod debuimus facere fecimus</i>. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	677 non est inutile facere opus virtutis, dicit enim Ambrosius, in II
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	678 de Offic., <i>utilitatem non pecuniarii lucri aestimationem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	679 dicimus, sed acquisitionem pietatis</i>. Ergo facere quod quis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	680 debet facere non est opus virtutis. Est autem opus iustitiae. Ergo
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	681 iustitia non est virtus.</p><p title="II-II q. 58 a. 3 arg. 2"><a name="41441"><span class="ref">[41441] IIª-IIae q. 58 a. 3 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	682 quod fit ex necessitate non est meritorium. Sed reddere alicui quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	683 suum est, quod pertinet ad iustitiam, est necessitatis. Ergo non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	684 est meritorium. Actibus autem virtutum meremur. Ergo iustitia non
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	685 est virtus.</p><p title="II-II q. 58 a. 3 arg. 3"><a name="41442"><span class="ref">[41442] IIª-IIae q. 58 a. 3 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	686 omnis virtus moralis est circa agibilia. Ea autem quae exterius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	687 constituuntur non sunt agibilia, sed factibilia, ut patet per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	688 philosophum, in IX Metaphys. Cum igitur ad iustitiam pertineat
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	689 exterius facere aliquod opus secundum se iustum, videtur quod
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	690 iustitia non sit virtus moralis.</p><p title="II-II q. 58 a. 3 s. c."><a name="41443"><span class="ref">[41443] IIª-IIae q. 58 a. 3 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	691 est quod Gregorius dicit, in II Moral., quod in quatuor virtutibus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	692 scilicet temperantia, prudentia, fortitudine et iustitia, tota boni
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	693 operis structura consurgit.</p><p title="II-II q. 58 a. 3 co."><a name="41444"><span class="ref">[41444] IIª-IIae q. 58 a. 3 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	694 dicendum quod virtus humana est <i>quae bonum reddit actum humanum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	695 et ipsum hominem bonum facit</i>. Quod quidem convenit iustitiae.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	696 Actus enim hominis bonus redditur ex hoc quod attingit regulam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	697 rationis, secundum quam humani actus rectificantur. Unde cum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	698 iustitia operationes humanas rectificet, manifestum est quod opus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	699 hominis bonum reddit. Et ut Tullius dicit, in I de Offic., <i>ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	700 iustitia praecipue viri boni nominantur</i>. Unde, sicut ibidem
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	701 dicit, in ea virtutis splendor est maximus.</p><p title="II-II q. 58 a. 3 ad 1"><a name="41445"><span class="ref">[41445] IIª-IIae q. 58 a. 3 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	702 ergo dicendum quod cum aliquis facit quod debet, non affert
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	703 utilitatem lucri ei cui facit quod debet, sed solum abstinet a
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	704 damno eius. Sibi tamen facit utilitatem, inquantum spontanea et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	705 prompta voluntate facit illud quod debet, quod est virtuose agere.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	706 Unde dicitur Sap. VIII quod <i>sapientia Dei sobrietatem et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	707 iustitiam docet, prudentiam et virtutem</i>; quibus in vita nihil
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	708 est utilius hominibus, scilicet virtuosis.</p><p title="II-II q. 58 a. 3 ad 2"><a name="41446"><span class="ref">[41446] IIª-IIae q. 58 a. 3 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	709 dicendum quod duplex est necessitas. Una coactionis, et haec, quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	710 repugnat voluntati, tollit rationem meriti. Alia autem est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	711 necessitas ex obligatione praecepti, sive ex necessitate finis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	712 quando scilicet aliquis non potest consequi finem virtutis nisi hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	713 faciat. Et talis necessitas non excludit rationem meriti, inquantum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	714 aliquis hoc quod sic est necessarium voluntarie agit. Excludit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	715 tamen gloriam supererogationis, secundum illud I ad Cor. IX, <i>si
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	716 evangelizavero, non est mihi gloria, necessitas enim mihi
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	717 incumbit</i>.</p><p title="II-II q. 58 a. 3 ad 3"><a name="41447"><span class="ref">[41447] IIª-IIae q. 58 a. 3 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	718 dicendum quod iustitia non consistit circa exteriores res quantum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	719 ad facere, quod pertinet ad artem, sed quantum ad hoc quod utitur
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	720 eis ad alterum.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 4</h3><p title="II-II q. 58 a. 4 arg. 1"><a name="41448"><span class="ref">[41448] IIª-IIae q. 58 a. 4 arg. 1</span></a> Ad quartum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	721 sic proceditur. Videtur quod iustitia non sit in voluntate sicut in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	722 subiecto. Iustitia enim quandoque veritas dicitur. Sed veritas non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	723 est voluntatis, sed intellectus. Ergo iustitia non est in voluntate
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	724 sicut in subiecto.</p><p title="II-II q. 58 a. 4 arg. 2"><a name="41449"><span class="ref">[41449] IIª-IIae q. 58 a. 4 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	725 iustitia est circa ea quae sunt ad alterum. Sed ordinare aliquid ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	726 alterum est rationis. Iustitia ergo non est in voluntate sicut in
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	727 subiecto, sed magis in ratione.</p><p title="II-II q. 58 a. 4 arg. 3"><a name="41450"><span class="ref">[41450] IIª-IIae q. 58 a. 4 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	728 iustitia non est virtus intellectualis, cum non ordinetur ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	729 cognitionem. Unde relinquitur quod sit virtus moralis. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	730 subiectum virtutis moralis est rationale per participationem, quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	731 est irascibilis et concupiscibilis, ut patet per philosophum, in I
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	732 Ethic. Ergo iustitia non est in voluntate sicut in subiecto, sed
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	733 magis in irascibili et concupiscibili.</p><p title="II-II q. 58 a. 4 s. c."><a name="41451"><span class="ref">[41451] IIª-IIae q. 58 a. 4 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	734 est quod Anselmus dicit, quod <i>iustitia est rectitudo voluntatis
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	735 propter se servata</i>.</p><p title="II-II q. 58 a. 4 co."><a name="41452"><span class="ref">[41452] IIª-IIae q. 58 a. 4 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	736 dicendum quod illa potentia est subiectum virtutis ad cuius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	737 potentiae actum rectificandum virtus ordinatur. Iustitia autem non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	738 ordinatur ad dirigendum aliquem actum cognoscitivum, non enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	739 dicimur iusti ex hoc quod recte aliquid cognoscimus. Et ideo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	740 subiectum iustitiae non est intellectus vel ratio, quae est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	741 potentia cognoscitiva. Sed quia iusti dicimur in hoc quod aliquid
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	742 recte agimus; proximum autem principium actus est vis appetitiva;
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	743 necesse est quod iustitia sit in aliqua vi appetitiva sicut in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	744 subiecto. Est autem duplex appetitus, scilicet voluntas, quae est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	745 in ratione; et appetitus sensitivus consequens apprehensionem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	746 sensus, qui dividitur per irascibilem et concupiscibilem, ut in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	747 primo habitum est. Reddere autem unicuique quod suum est non potest
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	748 procedere ex appetitu sensitivo, quia apprehensio sensitiva non se
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	749 extendit ad hoc quod considerare possit proportionem unius ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	750 alterum, sed hoc est proprium rationis. Unde iustitia non potest
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	751 esse sicut in subiecto in irascibili vel concupiscibili, sed solum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	752 in voluntate. Et ideo philosophus definit iustitiam per actum
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	753 voluntatis, ut ex supradictis patet.</p><p title="II-II q. 58 a. 4 ad 1"><a name="41453"><span class="ref">[41453] IIª-IIae q. 58 a. 4 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	754 ergo dicendum quod quia voluntas est appetitus rationalis, ideo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	755 rectitudo rationis, quae veritas dicitur, voluntati impressa,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	756 propter propinquitatem ad rationem, nomen retinet veritatis. Et
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	757 inde est quod quandoque iustitia veritas vocatur.</p><p title="II-II q. 58 a. 4 ad 2"><a name="41454"><span class="ref">[41454] IIª-IIae q. 58 a. 4 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	758 dicendum quod voluntas fertur in suum obiectum consequenter ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	759 apprehensionem rationis. Et ideo, quia ratio ordinat in alterum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	760 voluntas potest velle aliquid in ordine ad alterum, quod pertinet
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	761 ad iustitiam.</p><p title="II-II q. 58 a. 4 ad 3"><a name="41455"><span class="ref">[41455] IIª-IIae q. 58 a. 4 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	762 dicendum quod rationale per participationem non solum est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	763 irascibilis et concupiscibilis, sed omnino appetitivum, ut dicitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	764 in I Ethic., quia omnis appetitus obedit rationi. Sub appetitivo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	765 autem comprehenditur voluntas. Et ideo voluntas potest esse
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	766 subiectum virtutis moralis.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 5</h3><p title="II-II q. 58 a. 5 arg. 1"><a name="41456"><span class="ref">[41456] IIª-IIae q. 58 a. 5 arg. 1</span></a> Ad quintum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	767 sic proceditur. Videtur quod iustitia non sit virtus generalis.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	768 Iustitia enim condividitur aliis virtutibus, ut patet Sap. VIII,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	769 <i>sobrietatem et iustitiam docet, prudentiam et virtutem</i>. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	770 generale non condividitur seu connumeratur speciebus sub illo
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	771 generali contentis. Ergo iustitia non est virtus generalis.</p><p title="II-II q. 58 a. 5 arg. 2"><a name="41457"><span class="ref">[41457] IIª-IIae q. 58 a. 5 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	772 sicut iustitia ponitur virtus cardinalis, ita etiam temperantia et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	773 fortitudo. Sed temperantia vel fortitudo non ponitur virtus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	774 generalis. Ergo neque iustitia debet aliquo modo poni virtus
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	775 generalis.</p><p title="II-II q. 58 a. 5 arg. 3"><a name="41458"><span class="ref">[41458] IIª-IIae q. 58 a. 5 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	776 iustitia est semper ad alterum, ut supra dictum est. Sed peccatum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	777 quod est in proximum non est peccatum generale, sed dividitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	778 contra peccatum quo peccat homo contra seipsum. Ergo etiam neque
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	779 iustitia est virtus generalis.</p><p title="II-II q. 58 a. 5 s. c."><a name="41459"><span class="ref">[41459] IIª-IIae q. 58 a. 5 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	780 est quod philosophus dicit, in V Ethic., quod iustitia est omnis
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	781 virtus.</p><p title="II-II q. 58 a. 5 co."><a name="41460"><span class="ref">[41460] IIª-IIae q. 58 a. 5 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	782 dicendum quod iustitia, sicut dictum est, ordinat hominem in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	783 comparatione ad alium. Quod quidem potest esse dupliciter. Uno
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	784 modo, ad alium singulariter consideratum. Alio modo, ad alium in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	785 communi, secundum scilicet quod ille qui servit alicui communitati
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	786 servit omnibus hominibus qui sub communitate illa continentur. Ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	787 utrumque igitur se potest habere iustitia secundum propriam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	788 rationem. Manifestum est autem quod omnes qui sub communitate
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	789 aliqua continentur comparantur ad communitatem sicut partes ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	790 totum. Pars autem id quod est totius est, unde et quodlibet bonum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	791 partis est ordinabile in bonum totius. Secundum hoc igitur bonum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	792 cuiuslibet virtutis, sive ordinantis aliquem hominem ad seipsum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	793 sive ordinantis ipsum ad aliquas alias personas singulares, est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	794 referibile ad bonum commune, ad quod ordinat iustitia. Et secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	795 hoc actus omnium virtutum possunt ad iustitiam pertinere, secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	796 quod ordinat hominem ad bonum commune. Et quantum ad hoc iustitia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	797 dicitur virtus generalis. Et quia ad legem pertinet ordinare in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	798 bonum commune, ut supra habitum est, inde est quod talis iustitia,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	799 praedicto modo generalis, dicitur iustitia legalis, quia scilicet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	800 per eam homo concordat legi ordinanti actus omnium virtutum in
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	801 bonum commune.</p><p title="II-II q. 58 a. 5 ad 1"><a name="41461"><span class="ref">[41461] IIª-IIae q. 58 a. 5 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	802 ergo dicendum quod iustitia condividitur seu connumeratur aliis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	803 virtutibus non inquantum est generalis, sed inquantum est specialis
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	804 virtus, ut infra dicetur.</p><p title="II-II q. 58 a. 5 ad 2"><a name="41462"><span class="ref">[41462] IIª-IIae q. 58 a. 5 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	805 dicendum quod temperantia et fortitudo sunt in appetitu sensitivo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	806 idest in concupiscibili et irascibili. Huiusmodi autem vires sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	807 appetitivae quorundam bonorum particularium, sicut et sensus est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	808 particularium cognoscitivus. Sed iustitia est sicut in subiecto in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	809 appetitu intellectivo, qui potest esse universalis boni, cuius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	810 intellectus est apprehensivus. Et ideo iustitia magis potest esse
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	811 virtus generalis quam temperantia vel fortitudo.</p><p title="II-II q. 58 a. 5 ad 3"><a name="41463"><span class="ref">[41463] IIª-IIae q. 58 a. 5 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	812 dicendum quod illa quae sunt ad seipsum sunt ordinabilia ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	813 alterum, praecipue quantum ad bonum commune. Unde et iustitia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	814 legalis, secundum quod ordinat ad bonum commune, potest dici virtus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	815 generalis; et eadem ratione iniustitia potest dici peccatum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	816 commune, unde dicitur I Ioan. III quod omne peccatum est
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	817 iniquitas.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 6</h3><p title="II-II q. 58 a. 6 arg. 1"><a name="41464"><span class="ref">[41464] IIª-IIae q. 58 a. 6 arg. 1</span></a> Ad sextum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	818 sic proceditur. Videtur quod iustitia, secundum quod est generalis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	819 sit idem per essentiam cum omni virtute. Dicit enim philosophus, in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	820 V Ethic., quod virtus et iustitia legalis <i>est eadem omni
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	821 virtuti, esse autem non est idem</i>. Sed illa quae differunt solum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	822 secundum esse, vel secundum rationem, non differunt secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	823 essentiam. Ergo iustitia est idem per essentiam cum omni
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	824 virtute.</p><p title="II-II q. 58 a. 6 arg. 2"><a name="41465"><span class="ref">[41465] IIª-IIae q. 58 a. 6 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	825 omnis virtus quae non est idem per essentiam cum omni virtute, est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	826 pars virtutis. Sed iustitia praedicta, ut ibidem philosophus dicit,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	827 non est pars virtutis, sed tota virtus. Ergo praedicta iustitia est
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	828 idem essentialiter cum omni virtute.</p><p title="II-II q. 58 a. 6 arg. 3"><a name="41466"><span class="ref">[41466] IIª-IIae q. 58 a. 6 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	829 per hoc quod aliqua virtus ordinat actum suum ad altiorem finem,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	830 non diversificatur secundum essentiam habitus, sicut idem est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	831 essentialiter habitus temperantiae, etiam si actus eius ordinetur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	832 ad bonum divinum. Sed ad iustitiam legalem pertinet quod actus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	833 omnium virtutum ordinentur ad altiorem finem, idest ad bonum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	834 commune multitudinis, quod praeeminet bono unius singularis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	835 personae. Ergo videtur quod iustitia legalis essentialiter sit
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	836 omnis virtus.</p><p title="II-II q. 58 a. 6 arg. 4"><a name="41467"><span class="ref">[41467] IIª-IIae q. 58 a. 6 arg. 4</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	837 omne bonum partis ordinabile est ad bonum totius, unde si non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	838 ordinetur in illud, videtur esse vanum et frustra. Sed illud quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	839 est secundum virtutem non potest esse huiusmodi. Ergo videtur quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	840 nullus actus possit esse alicuius virtutis qui non pertineat ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	841 iustitiam generalem, quae ordinat in bonum commune. Et sic videtur
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	842 quod iustitia generalis sit idem in essentia cum omni virtute.</p><p title="II-II q. 58 a. 6 s. c."><a name="41468"><span class="ref">[41468] IIª-IIae q. 58 a. 6 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	843 est quod philosophus dicit, in V Ethic., quod <i>multi in propriis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	844 quidem possunt virtute uti, in his autem quae ad alterum non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	845 possunt</i>. Et in III Polit. dicit quod <i>non est simpliciter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	846 eadem virtus boni viri et boni civis</i>. Sed virtus boni civis est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	847 iustitia generalis, per quam aliquis ordinatur ad bonum commune.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	848 Ergo non est eadem iustitia generalis cum virtute communi, sed una
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	849 potest sine alia haberi.</p><p title="II-II q. 58 a. 6 co."><a name="41469"><span class="ref">[41469] IIª-IIae q. 58 a. 6 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	850 dicendum quod generale dicitur aliquid dupliciter. Uno modo, per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	851 praedicationem, sicut animal est generale ad hominem et equum et ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	852 alia huiusmodi. Et hoc modo generale oportet quod sit idem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	853 essentialiter cum his ad quae est generale, quia genus pertinet ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	854 essentiam speciei et cadit in definitione eius. Alio modo dicitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	855 aliquid generale secundum virtutem, sicut causa universalis est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	856 generalis ad omnes effectus, ut sol ad omnia corpora, quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	857 illuminantur vel immutantur per virtutem ipsius. Et hoc modo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	858 generale non oportet quod sit idem in essentia cum his ad quae est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	859 generale, quia non est eadem essentia causae et effectus. Hoc autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	860 modo, secundum praedicta, iustitia legalis dicitur esse virtus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	861 generalis, inquantum scilicet ordinat actus aliarum virtutum ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	862 suum finem, quod est movere per imperium omnes alias virtutes.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	863 Sicut enim caritas potest dici virtus generalis inquantum ordinat
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	864 actus omnium virtutum ad bonum divinum, ita etiam iustitia legalis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	865 inquantum ordinat actus omnium virtutum ad bonum commune. Sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	866 ergo caritas, quae respicit bonum divinum ut proprium obiectum, est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	867 quaedam specialis virtus secundum suam essentiam; ita etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	868 iustitia legalis est specialis virtus secundum suam essentiam,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	869 secundum quod respicit commune bonum ut proprium obiectum. Et sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	870 est in principe principaliter, et quasi architectonice; in subditis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	871 autem secundario et quasi ministrative. Potest tamen quaelibet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	872 virtus, secundum quod a praedicta virtute, speciali quidem in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	873 essentia, generali autem secundum virtutem, ordinatur ad bonum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	874 commune, dici iustitia legalis. Et hoc modo loquendi iustitia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	875 legalis est idem in essentia cum omni virtute, differt autem
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	876 ratione. Et hoc modo loquitur philosophus.</p><p title="II-II q. 58 a. 6 ad 1"><a name="41470"><span class="ref">[41470] IIª-IIae q. 58 a. 6 ad 1</span></a> Unde patet
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	877 responsio ad primum et secundum.</p><p title="II-II q. 58 a. 6 ad 3"><a name="41471"><span class="ref">[41471] IIª-IIae q. 58 a. 6 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	878 dicendum quod etiam illa ratio secundum hunc modum procedit de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	879 iustitia legali, secundum quod virtus imperata a iustitia legali
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	880 iustitia legalis dicitur.</p><p title="II-II q. 58 a. 6 ad 4"><a name="41472"><span class="ref">[41472] IIª-IIae q. 58 a. 6 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	881 dicendum quod quaelibet virtus secundum propriam rationem ordinat
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	882 actum suum ad proprium finem illius virtutis. Quod autem ordinetur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	883 ad ulteriorem finem, sive semper sive aliquando, hoc non habet ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	884 propria ratione, sed oportet esse aliam superiorem virtutem a qua
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	885 in illum finem ordinetur. Et sic oportet esse unam virtutem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	886 superiorem quae ordinet omnes virtutes in bonum commune, quae est
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	887 iustitia legalis, et est alia per essentiam ab omni virtute.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 7</h3><p title="II-II q. 58 a. 7 arg. 1"><a name="41473"><span class="ref">[41473] IIª-IIae q. 58 a. 7 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	888 septimum sic proceditur. Videtur quod non sit aliqua iustitia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	889 particularis praeter iustitiam generalem. In virtutibus enim nihil
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	890 est superfluum, sicut nec in natura. Sed iustitia generalis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	891 sufficienter ordinat hominem circa omnia quae ad alterum sunt. Ergo
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	892 non est necessaria aliqua iustitia particularis.</p><p title="II-II q. 58 a. 7 arg. 2"><a name="41474"><span class="ref">[41474] IIª-IIae q. 58 a. 7 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	893 unum et multa non diversificant speciem virtutis. Sed iustitia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	894 legalis ordinat hominem ad alium secundum ea quae ad multitudinem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	895 pertinent, ut ex praedictis patet. Ergo non est alia species
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	896 iustitiae quae ordinet hominem ad alterum in his quae pertinent ad
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	897 unam singularem personam.</p><p title="II-II q. 58 a. 7 arg. 3"><a name="41475"><span class="ref">[41475] IIª-IIae q. 58 a. 7 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	898 inter unam singularem personam et multitudinem civitatis media est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	899 multitudo domestica. Si ergo est iustitia alia particularis per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	900 comparationem ad unam personam praeter iustitiam generalem, pari
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	901 ratione debet esse alia iustitia oeconomica, quae ordinet hominem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	902 ad bonum commune unius familiae. Quod quidem non dicitur. Ergo nec
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	903 aliqua particularis iustitia est praeter iustitiam legalem.</p><p title="II-II q. 58 a. 7 s. c."><a name="41476"><span class="ref">[41476] IIª-IIae q. 58 a. 7 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	904 est quod Chrysostomus dicit, super illud Matth. V, <i>beati qui
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	905 esuriunt et sitiunt iustitiam, iustitiam autem dicit vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	906 universalem virtutem, vel particularem avaritiae
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	907 contrariam</i>.</p><p title="II-II q. 58 a. 7 co."><a name="41477"><span class="ref">[41477] IIª-IIae q. 58 a. 7 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	908 dicendum quod, sicut dictum est, iustitia legalis non est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	909 essentialiter omnis virtus, sed oportet praeter iustitiam legalem,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	910 quae ordinat hominem immediate ad bonum commune, esse alias
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	911 virtutes quae immediate ordinant hominem circa particularia bona.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	912 Quae quidem possunt esse vel ad seipsum, vel ad alteram singularem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	913 personam. Sicut ergo praeter iustitiam legalem oportet esse aliquas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	914 virtutes particulares quae ordinant hominem in seipso, puta
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	915 temperantiam et fortitudinem; ita etiam praeter iustitiam legalem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	916 oportet esse particularem quandam iustitiam, quae ordinet hominem
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	917 circa ea quae sunt ad alteram singularem personam.</p><p title="II-II q. 58 a. 7 ad 1"><a name="41478"><span class="ref">[41478] IIª-IIae q. 58 a. 7 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	918 ergo dicendum quod iustitia legalis sufficienter quidem ordinat
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	919 hominem in his quae sunt ad alterum, quantum ad commune quidem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	920 bonum, immediate; quantum autem ad bonum unius singularis personae,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	921 mediate. Et ideo oportet esse aliquam particularem iustitiam, quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	922 immediate ordinet hominem ad bonum alterius singularis
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	923 personae.</p><p title="II-II q. 58 a. 7 ad 2"><a name="41479"><span class="ref">[41479] IIª-IIae q. 58 a. 7 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	924 dicendum quod bonum commune civitatis et bonum singulare unius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	925 personae non differunt solum secundum multum et paucum, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	926 secundum formalem differentiam, alia enim est ratio boni communis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	927 et boni singularis, sicut et alia est ratio totius et partis. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	928 ideo philosophus, in I Polit., dicit quod <i>non bene dicunt qui
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	929 dicunt civitatem et domum et alia huiusmodi differre solum
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	930 multitudine et paucitate, et non specie</i>.</p><p title="II-II q. 58 a. 7 ad 3"><a name="41480"><span class="ref">[41480] IIª-IIae q. 58 a. 7 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	931 dicendum quod domestica multitudo, secundum philosophum, in I
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	932 Polit., distinguitur secundum tres coniugationes, scilicet uxoris
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	933 et viri, patris et filii, domini et servi, quarum personarum una
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	934 est quasi aliquid alterius. Et ideo ad huiusmodi personam non est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	935 simpliciter iustitia, sed quaedam iustitiae species, scilicet
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	936 oeconomica, ut dicitur in V Ethic.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 8</h3><p title="II-II q. 58 a. 8 arg. 1"><a name="41481"><span class="ref">[41481] IIª-IIae q. 58 a. 8 arg. 1</span></a> Ad octavum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	937 sic proceditur. Videtur quod iustitia particularis non habeat
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	938 materiam specialem. Quia super illud Gen. II, <i>fluvius quartus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	939 ipse est Euphrates</i>, dicit Glossa, <i>Euphrates frugifer
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	940 interpretatur. Nec dicitur contra quod vadat, quia iustitia ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	941 omnes animae partes pertinet</i>. Hoc autem non esset si haberet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	942 materiam specialem, quia quaelibet materia specialis ad aliquam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	943 specialem potentiam pertinet. Ergo iustitia particularis non habet
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	944 materiam specialem.</p><p title="II-II q. 58 a. 8 arg. 2"><a name="41482"><span class="ref">[41482] IIª-IIae q. 58 a. 8 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	945 Augustinus, in libro octogintatrium quaest., dicit quod <i>quatuor
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	946 sunt animae virtutes, quibus in hac vita spiritualiter vivitur,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	947 scilicet prudentia, temperantia, fortitudo, iustitia</i>, et dicit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	948 quod quarta est iustitia, quae per omnes diffunditur. Ergo iustitia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	949 particularis, quae est una de quatuor virtutibus cardinalibus, non
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	950 habet specialem materiam.</p><p title="II-II q. 58 a. 8 arg. 3"><a name="41483"><span class="ref">[41483] IIª-IIae q. 58 a. 8 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	951 iustitia dirigit hominem sufficienter in his quae sunt ad alterum.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	952 Sed per omnia quae sunt huius vitae homo potest ordinari ad
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	953 alterum. Ergo materia iustitiae est generalis, non specialis.</p><p title="II-II q. 58 a. 8 s. c."><a name="41484"><span class="ref">[41484] IIª-IIae q. 58 a. 8 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	954 est quod philosophus, in V Ethic., ponit iustitiam particularem
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	955 circa ea specialiter quae pertinent ad communicationem vitae.</p><p title="II-II q. 58 a. 8 co."><a name="41485"><span class="ref">[41485] IIª-IIae q. 58 a. 8 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	956 dicendum quod omnia quaecumque rectificari possunt per rationem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	957 sunt materia virtutis moralis, quae definitur per rationem rectam,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	958 ut patet per philosophum, in II Ethic. Possunt autem per rationem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	959 rectificari et interiores animae passiones, et exteriores actiones,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	960 et res exteriores quae in usum hominis veniunt, sed tamen per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	961 exteriores actiones et per exteriores res, quibus sibi invicem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	962 homines communicare possunt, attenditur ordinatio unius hominis ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	963 alium; secundum autem interiores passiones consideratur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	964 rectificatio hominis in seipso. Et ideo, cum iustitia ordinetur ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	965 alterum, non est circa totam materiam virtutis moralis, sed solum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	966 circa exteriores actiones et res secundum quandam rationem obiecti
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	967 specialem, prout scilicet secundum eas unus homo alteri
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	968 coordinatur.</p><p title="II-II q. 58 a. 8 ad 1"><a name="41486"><span class="ref">[41486] IIª-IIae q. 58 a. 8 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	969 ergo dicendum quod iustitia pertinet quidem essentialiter ad unam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	970 partem animae, in qua est sicut in subiecto, scilicet ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	971 voluntatem, quae quidem movet per suum imperium omnes alias animae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	972 partes. Et sic iustitia non directe, sed quasi per quandam
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	973 redundantiam ad omnes animae partes pertinet.</p><p title="II-II q. 58 a. 8 ad 2"><a name="41487"><span class="ref">[41487] IIª-IIae q. 58 a. 8 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	974 dicendum quod, sicut supra dictum est, virtutes cardinales
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	975 dupliciter accipiuntur. Uno modo, secundum quod sunt speciales
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	976 virtutes habentes determinatas materias. Alio modo, secundum quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	977 significant quosdam generales modos virtutis. Et hoc modo loquitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	978 ibi Augustinus. Dicit enim quod prudentia est cognitio rerum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	979 appetendarum et fugiendarum; temperantia est refrenatio cupiditatis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	980 ab his quae temporaliter delectant; fortitudo est firmitas animi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	981 adversus ea quae temporaliter molesta sunt; iustitia est, quae per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	982 ceteras diffunditur, dilectio Dei et proximi, quae scilicet est
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	983 communis radix totius ordinis ad alterum.</p><p title="II-II q. 58 a. 8 ad 3"><a name="41488"><span class="ref">[41488] IIª-IIae q. 58 a. 8 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	984 dicendum quod passiones interiores, quae sunt pars materiae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	985 moralis, secundum se non ordinantur ad alterum, quod pertinet ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	986 specialem rationem iustitiae, sed earum effectus sunt ad alterum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	987 ordinabiles, scilicet operationes exteriores. Unde non sequitur
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	988 quod materia iustitiae sit generalis.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 9</h3><p title="II-II q. 58 a. 9 arg. 1"><a name="41489"><span class="ref">[41489] IIª-IIae q. 58 a. 9 arg. 1</span></a> Ad nonum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	989 sic proceditur. Videtur quod iustitia sit circa passiones. Dicit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	990 enim philosophus, in II Ethic., quod <i>circa voluptates et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	991 tristitias est moralis virtus</i>. Voluptas autem, idest
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	992 delectatio, et tristitia sunt passiones quaedam; ut supra habitum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	993 est, cum de passionibus ageretur. Ergo iustitia, cum sit virtus
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	994 moralis, erit circa passiones.</p><p title="II-II q. 58 a. 9 arg. 2"><a name="41490"><span class="ref">[41490] IIª-IIae q. 58 a. 9 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	995 per iustitiam rectificantur operationes quae sunt ad alterum. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	996 operationes huiusmodi rectificari non possunt nisi passiones sint
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	997 rectificatae, quia ex inordinatione passionum provenit inordinatio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	998 in praedictis operationibus; propter concupiscentiam enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	999 venereorum proceditur ad adulterium, et propter superfluum amorem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1000 pecuniae proceditur ad furtum. Ergo oportet quod iustitia sit circa
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1001 passiones.</p><p title="II-II q. 58 a. 9 arg. 3"><a name="41491"><span class="ref">[41491] IIª-IIae q. 58 a. 9 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1002 sicut iustitia particularis est ad alterum, ita etiam et iustitia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1003 legalis. Sed iustitia legalis est circa passiones, alioquin non se
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1004 extenderet ad omnes virtutes, quarum quaedam manifeste sunt circa
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1005 passiones. Ergo iustitia est circa passiones.</p><p title="II-II q. 58 a. 9 s. c."><a name="41492"><span class="ref">[41492] IIª-IIae q. 58 a. 9 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1006 est quod philosophus dicit, in V Ethic., quod est circa
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1007 operationes.</p><p title="II-II q. 58 a. 9 co."><a name="41493"><span class="ref">[41493] IIª-IIae q. 58 a. 9 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1008 dicendum quod huius quaestionis veritas ex duobus apparet. Primo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1009 quidem, ex ipso subiecto iustitiae, quod est voluntas cuius motus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1010 vel actus non sunt passiones, ut supra habitum est; sed solum motus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1011 appetitus sensitivi passiones dicuntur. Et ideo iustitia non est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1012 circa passiones, sicut temperantia et fortitudo, quae sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1013 irascibilis et concupiscibilis, sunt circa passiones. Alio modo, ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1014 parte materiae. Quia iustitia est circa ea quae sunt ad alterum.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1015 Non autem per passiones interiores immediate ad alterum ordinamur.
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1016 Et ideo iustitia circa passiones non est.</p><p title="II-II q. 58 a. 9 ad 1"><a name="41494"><span class="ref">[41494] IIª-IIae q. 58 a. 9 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1017 ergo dicendum quod non quaelibet virtus moralis est circa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1018 voluptates et tristitias sicut circa materiam, nam fortitudo est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1019 circa timores et audacias. Sed omnis virtus moralis ordinatur ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1020 delectationem et tristitiam sicut ad quosdam fines consequentes,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1021 quia, ut philosophus dicit, in VII Ethic., <i>delectatio et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1022 tristitia est finis principalis, ad quem respicientes unumquodque
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1023 hoc quidem malum, hoc quidem bonum dicimus</i>. Et hoc modo etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1024 pertinent ad iustitiam, quia non est iustus qui non gaudet iustis
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1025 operationibus, ut dicitur in I Ethic.</p><p title="II-II q. 58 a. 9 ad 2"><a name="41495"><span class="ref">[41495] IIª-IIae q. 58 a. 9 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1026 dicendum quod operationes exteriores mediae sunt quodammodo inter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1027 res exteriores, quae sunt earum materia, et inter passiones
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1028 interiores, quae sunt earum principia. Contingit autem quandoque
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1029 esse defectum in uno eorum sine hoc quod sit defectus in alio,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1030 sicut si aliquis surripiat rem alterius non cupiditate habendi, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1031 voluntate nocendi; vel e converso si aliquis alterius rem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1032 concupiscat, quam tamen surripere non velit. Rectificatio ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1033 operationum secundum quod ad exteriora terminantur, pertinet ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1034 iustitiam, sed rectificatio earum secundum quod a passionibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1035 oriuntur, pertinet ad alias virtutes morales, quae sunt circa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1036 passiones. Unde surreptionem alienae rei iustitia impedit inquantum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1037 est contra aequalitatem in exterioribus constituendam, liberalitas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1038 vero inquantum procedit ab immoderata concupiscentia divitiarum.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1039 Sed quia operationes exteriores non habent speciem ab interioribus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1040 passionibus, sed magis a rebus exterioribus, sicut ex obiectis;
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1041 ideo, per se loquendo, operationes exteriores magis sunt materia
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1042 iustitiae quam aliarum virtutum moralium.</p><p title="II-II q. 58 a. 9 ad 3"><a name="41496"><span class="ref">[41496] IIª-IIae q. 58 a. 9 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1043 dicendum quod bonum commune est finis singularum personarum in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1044 communitate existentium, sicut bonum totius finis est cuiuslibet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1045 partium. Bonum autem unius personae singularis non est finis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1046 alterius. Et ideo iustitia legalis, quae ordinatur ad bonum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1047 commune, magis se potest extendere ad interiores passiones, quibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1048 homo aliqualiter disponitur in seipso, quam iustitia particularis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1049 quae ordinatur ad bonum alterius singularis personae. Quamvis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1050 iustitia legalis principalius se extendat ad alias virtutes quantum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1051 ad exteriores operationes earum, inquantum scilicet <i>praecipit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1052 lex fortis opera facere, et quae temperati, et quae mansueti</i>,
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1053 ut dicitur in V Ethic.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 10</h3><p title="II-II q. 58 a. 10 arg. 1"><a name="41497"><span class="ref">[41497] IIª-IIae q. 58 a. 10 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1054 decimum sic proceditur. Videtur quod medium iustitiae non sit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1055 medium rei. Ratio enim generis salvatur in omnibus speciebus. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1056 virtus moralis in II Ethic. definitur esse <i>habitus electivus in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1057 medietate existens determinata ratione quoad nos</i>. Ergo et in
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1058 iustitia est medium rationis, et non rei.</p><p title="II-II q. 58 a. 10 arg. 2"><a name="41498"><span class="ref">[41498] IIª-IIae q. 58 a. 10 arg. 2</span></a>
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1059 Praeterea, in his quae simpliciter sunt bona non est accipere
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1060 superfluum et diminutum, et per consequens nec medium, sicut patet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1061 de virtutibus, ut dicitur in II Ethic. Sed iustitia est circa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1062 simpliciter bona, ut dicitur in V Ethic. Ergo in iustitia non est
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1063 medium rei.</p><p title="II-II q. 58 a. 10 arg. 3"><a name="41499"><span class="ref">[41499] IIª-IIae q. 58 a. 10 arg. 3</span></a>
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1064 Praeterea, in aliis virtutibus ideo dicitur esse medium rationis et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1065 non rei, quia diversimode accipitur per comparationem ad diversas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1066 personas, quia quod uni est multum, alteri est parum, ut dicitur in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1067 II Ethic. Sed hoc etiam observatur in iustitia, non enim eadem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1068 poena punitur qui percutit principem, et qui percutit privatam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1069 personam. Ergo etiam iustitia non habet medium rei, sed medium
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1070 rationis.</p><p title="II-II q. 58 a. 10 s. c."><a name="41500"><span class="ref">[41500] IIª-IIae q. 58 a. 10 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1071 est quod philosophus, in V Ethic., assignat medium iustitiae
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1072 secundum proportionalitatem arithmeticam, quod est medium rei.</p><p title="II-II q. 58 a. 10 co."><a name="41501"><span class="ref">[41501] IIª-IIae q. 58 a. 10 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1073 dicendum quod, sicut supra dictum est, aliae virtutes morales
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1074 consistunt principaliter circa passiones, quarum rectificatio non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1075 attenditur nisi secundum comparationem ad ipsum hominem cuius sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1076 passiones, secundum scilicet quod irascitur et concupiscit prout
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1077 debet secundum diversas circumstantias. Et ideo medium talium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1078 virtutum non accipitur secundum proportionem unius rei ad alteram,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1079 sed solum secundum comparationem ad ipsum virtuosum. Et propter hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1080 in ipsis est medium solum secundum rationem quoad nos. Sed materia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1081 iustitiae est exterior operatio secundum quod ipsa, vel res cuius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1082 est usus, debitam proportionem habet ad aliam personam. Et ideo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1083 medium iustitiae consistit in quadam proportionis aequalitate rei
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1084 exterioris ad personam exteriorem. Aequale autem est realiter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1085 medium inter maius et minus, ut dicitur in X Metaphys. Unde
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1086 iustitia habet medium rei.</p><p title="II-II q. 58 a. 10 ad 1"><a name="41502"><span class="ref">[41502] IIª-IIae q. 58 a. 10 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1087 ergo dicendum quod hoc medium rei est etiam medium rationis. Et
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1088 ideo in iustitia salvatur ratio virtutis moralis.</p><p title="II-II q. 58 a. 10 ad 2"><a name="41503"><span class="ref">[41503] IIª-IIae q. 58 a. 10 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1089 dicendum quod bonum simpliciter dupliciter dicitur. Uno modo, quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1090 est omnibus modis bonum, sicut virtutes sunt bonae. Et sic in his
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1091 quae sunt bona simpliciter non est accipere medium et extrema. Alio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1092 modo dicitur aliquid simpliciter bonum quia est absolute bonum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1093 scilicet secundum suam naturam consideratum, quamvis per abusum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1094 possit fieri malum, sicut patet de divitiis et honoribus. Et in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1095 talibus potest accipi superfluum, diminutum et medium quantum ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1096 homines, qui possunt eis uti vel bene vel male. Ei sic circa
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1097 simpliciter bona dicitur esse iustitia.</p><p title="II-II q. 58 a. 10 ad 3"><a name="41504"><span class="ref">[41504] IIª-IIae q. 58 a. 10 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1098 dicendum quod iniuria illata aliam proportionem habet ad principem,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1099 et aliam ad personam privatam. Et ideo oportet aliter adaequare
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1100 utramque iniuriam per vindictam. Quod pertinet ad diversitatem rei,
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1101 et non solum ad diversitatem rationis.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 11</h3><p title="II-II q. 58 a. 11 arg. 1"><a name="41505"><span class="ref">[41505] IIª-IIae q. 58 a. 11 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1102 undecimum sic proceditur. Videtur quod actus iustitiae non sit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1103 reddere unicuique quod suum est. Augustinus enim, XIV de Trin.,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1104 attribuit iustitiae subvenire miseris. Sed in subveniendo miseris
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1105 non tribuimus eis quae sunt eorum, sed magis quae sunt nostra. Ergo
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1106 iustitiae actus non est tribuere unicuique quod suum est.</p><p title="II-II q. 58 a. 11 arg. 2"><a name="41506"><span class="ref">[41506] IIª-IIae q. 58 a. 11 arg. 2</span></a>
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1107 Praeterea, Tullius, in I de Offic., dicit quod beneficentia, quam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1108 benignitatem vel liberalitatem appellari licet, ad iustitiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1109 pertinet. Sed liberalitatis est de proprio dare alicui, non de eo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1110 quod est eius. Ergo iustitiae actus non est reddere unicuique quod
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1111 suum est.</p><p title="II-II q. 58 a. 11 arg. 3"><a name="41507"><span class="ref">[41507] IIª-IIae q. 58 a. 11 arg. 3</span></a>
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1112 Praeterea, ad iustitiam pertinet non solum res dispensare debito
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1113 modo, sed etiam iniuriosas actiones cohibere, puta homicidia,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1114 adulteria et alia huiusmodi. Sed reddere quod suum est videtur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1115 solum ad dispensationem rerum pertinere. Ergo non sufficienter per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1116 hoc notificatur actus iustitiae quod dicitur actus eius esse
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1117 reddere unicuique quod suum est.</p><p title="II-II q. 58 a. 11 s. c."><a name="41508"><span class="ref">[41508] IIª-IIae q. 58 a. 11 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1118 est quod Ambrosius dicit, in I de Offic., <i>iustitia est quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1119 unicuique quod suum est tribuit, alienum non vindicat, utilitatem
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1120 propriam negligit ut communem aequitatem custodiat</i>.</p><p title="II-II q. 58 a. 11 co."><a name="41509"><span class="ref">[41509] IIª-IIae q. 58 a. 11 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1121 dicendum quod, sicut dictum est, materia iustitiae est operatio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1122 exterior secundum quod ipsa, vel res qua per eam utimur,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1123 proportionatur alteri personae, ad quam per iustitiam ordinamur.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1124 Hoc autem dicitur esse suum uniuscuiusque personae quod ei secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1125 proportionis aequalitatem debetur. Et ideo proprius actus iustitiae
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1126 nihil est aliud quam reddere unicuique quod suum est.</p><p title="II-II q. 58 a. 11 ad 1"><a name="41510"><span class="ref">[41510] IIª-IIae q. 58 a. 11 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1127 ergo dicendum quod iustitiae, cum sit virtus cardinalis, quaedam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1128 aliae virtutes secundariae adiunguntur, sicut misericordia,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1129 liberalitas et aliae huiusmodi virtutes, ut infra patebit. Et ideo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1130 subvenire miseris, quod pertinet ad misericordiam sive pietatem, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1131 liberaliter benefacere, quod pertinet ad liberalitatem, per quandam
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1132 reductionem attribuitur iustitiae, sicut principali virtuti.</p><p title="II-II q. 58 a. 11 ad 2"><a name="41511"><span class="ref">[41511] IIª-IIae q. 58 a. 11 ad 2</span></a> Et per hoc
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1133 patet responsio ad secundum.</p><p title="II-II q. 58 a. 11 ad 3"><a name="41512"><span class="ref">[41512] IIª-IIae q. 58 a. 11 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1134 dicendum quod, sicut philosophus dicit, in V Ethic., omne
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1135 superfluum in his quae ad iustitiam pertinent lucrum, extenso
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1136 nomine, vocatur, sicut et omne quod minus est vocatur damnum. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1137 hoc ideo, quia iustitia prius est exercita, et communius exercetur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1138 in voluntariis commutationibus rerum, puta emptione et venditione,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1139 in quibus proprie haec nomina dicuntur; et exinde derivantur haec
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1140 nomina ad omnia circa quae potest esse iustitia. Et eadem ratio est
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1141 de hoc quod est reddere unicuique quod suum est.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 12</h3><p title="II-II q. 58 a. 12 arg. 1"><a name="41513"><span class="ref">[41513] IIª-IIae q. 58 a. 12 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1142 duodecimum sic proceditur. Videtur quod iustitia non praeemineat
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1143 inter omnes virtutes morales. Ad iustitiam enim pertinet reddere
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1144 alteri quod suum est. Ad liberalitatem autem pertinet de proprio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1145 dare, quod virtuosius est. Ergo liberalitas est maior virtus quam
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1146 iustitia.</p><p title="II-II q. 58 a. 12 arg. 2"><a name="41514"><span class="ref">[41514] IIª-IIae q. 58 a. 12 arg. 2</span></a>
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1147 Praeterea, nihil ornatur nisi per aliquid dignius se. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1148 magnanimitas est ornamentum et iustitiae et omnium virtutum, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1149 dicitur in IV Ethic. Ergo magnanimitas est nobilior quam
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1150 iustitia.</p><p title="II-II q. 58 a. 12 arg. 3"><a name="41515"><span class="ref">[41515] IIª-IIae q. 58 a. 12 arg. 3</span></a>
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1151 Praeterea, virtus est circa difficile et bonum, ut dicitur in II
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1152 Ethic. Sed fortitudo est circa magis difficilia quam iustitia,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1153 idest circa pericula mortis, ut dicitur in III Ethic. Ergo
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1154 fortitudo est nobilior iustitia.</p><p title="II-II q. 58 a. 12 s. c."><a name="41516"><span class="ref">[41516] IIª-IIae q. 58 a. 12 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1155 est quod Tullius dicit, in I de Offic., <i>in iustitia virtutis
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1156 splendor est maximus, ex qua boni viri nominantur</i>.</p><p title="II-II q. 58 a. 12 co."><a name="41517"><span class="ref">[41517] IIª-IIae q. 58 a. 12 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1157 dicendum quod si loquamur de iustitia legali, manifestum est quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1158 ipsa est praeclarior inter omnes virtutes morales, inquantum bonum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1159 commune praeeminet bono singulari unius personae. Et secundum hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1160 philosophus, in V Ethic., dicit quod <i>praeclarissima virtutum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1161 videtur esse iustitia, et neque est Hesperus neque Lucifer ita
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1162 admirabilis</i>. Sed etiam si loquamur de iustitia particulari,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1163 praecellit inter alias virtutes morales, duplici ratione. Quarum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1164 prima potest sumi ex parte subiecti, quia scilicet est in nobiliori
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1165 parte animae, idest in appetitu rationali, scilicet voluntate;
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1166 aliis virtutibus moralibus existentibus in appetitu sensitivo, ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1167 quem pertinent passiones, quae sunt materia aliarum virtutum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1168 moralium. Secunda ratio sumitur ex parte obiecti. Nam aliae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1169 virtutes laudantur solum secundum bonum ipsius virtuosi. Iustitia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1170 autem laudatur secundum quod virtuosus ad alium bene se habet, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1171 sic iustitia quodammodo est bonum alterius, ut dicitur in V Ethic.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1172 Et propter hoc philosophus dicit, in I Rhet., <i>necesse est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1173 maximas esse virtutes eas quae sunt aliis honestissimae, siquidem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1174 est virtus potentia benefactiva. Propter hoc fortes et iustos
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1175 maxime honorant, quoniam fortitudo est utilis aliis in bello,
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1176 iustitia autem et in bello et in pace</i>.</p><p title="II-II q. 58 a. 12 ad 1"><a name="41518"><span class="ref">[41518] IIª-IIae q. 58 a. 12 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1177 ergo dicendum quod liberalitas, etsi de suo det, tamen hoc facit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1178 inquantum in hoc considerat propriae virtutis bonum. Iustitia autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1179 dat alteri quod suum est quasi considerans bonum commune. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1180 praeterea iustitia observatur ad omnes, liberalitas autem ad omnes
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1181 se extendere non potest. Et iterum liberalitas, quae de suo dat,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1182 supra iustitiam fundatur, per quam conservatur unicuique quod suum
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1183 est.</p><p title="II-II q. 58 a. 12 ad 2"><a name="41519"><span class="ref">[41519] IIª-IIae q. 58 a. 12 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1184 dicendum quod magnanimitas, inquantum supervenit iustitiae, auget
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1185 eius bonitatem. Quae tamen sine iustitia nec virtutis rationem
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1186 haberet.</p><p title="II-II q. 58 a. 12 ad 3"><a name="41520"><span class="ref">[41520] IIª-IIae q. 58 a. 12 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1187 dicendum quod fortitudo consistit circa difficiliora, non tamen est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1188 circa meliora, cum sit solum in bello utilis, iustitia autem et in
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1189 pace et in bello, sicut dictum est.</p></div></div><div class="q" id="q59"><h2>Quaestio 59</h2><div class="p"><h3>Prooemium</h3><p title="II-II q. 59 pr."><a name="41521"><span class="ref">[41521] IIª-IIae q. 59 pr.</span></a> Deinde
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1190 considerandum est de iniustitia. Et circa hoc quaeruntur quatuor.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1191 Primo, utrum iniustitia sit speciale vitium. Secundo, utrum iniusta
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1192 agere sit proprium iniusti. Tertio, utrum aliquis possit iniustum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1193 pati volens. Quarto, utrum iniustitia ex suo genere sit peccatum
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1194 mortale.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 1</h3><p title="II-II q. 59 a. 1 arg. 1"><a name="41522"><span class="ref">[41522] IIª-IIae q. 59 a. 1 arg. 1</span></a> Ad primum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1195 sic proceditur. Videtur quod iniustitia non sit vitium speciale.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1196 Dicitur enim I Ioan. III, <i>omne peccatum est iniquitas</i>. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1197 iniquitas videtur idem esse quod iniustitia, quia iustitia est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1198 aequalitas quaedam, unde iniustitia idem videtur esse quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1199 inaequalitas, sive iniquitas. Ergo iniustitia non est speciale
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1200 peccatum.</p><p title="II-II q. 59 a. 1 arg. 2"><a name="41523"><span class="ref">[41523] IIª-IIae q. 59 a. 1 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1201 nullum speciale peccatum opponitur omnibus virtutibus. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1202 iniustitia opponitur omnibus virtutibus, nam quantum ad adulterium,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1203 opponitur castitati; quantum ad homicidium, opponitur mansuetudini;
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1204 et sic de aliis. Ergo iniustitia non est speciale peccatum.</p><p title="II-II q. 59 a. 1 arg. 3"><a name="41524"><span class="ref">[41524] IIª-IIae q. 59 a. 1 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1205 iniustitia iustitiae opponitur, quae in voluntate est. Sed omne
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1206 peccatum est in voluntate, ut Augustinus dicit. Ergo iniustitia non
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1207 est speciale peccatum.</p><p title="II-II q. 59 a. 1 s. c."><a name="41525"><span class="ref">[41525] IIª-IIae q. 59 a. 1 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1208 iniustitia iustitiae opponitur. Sed iustitia est specialis virtus.
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1209 Ergo iniustitia est speciale vitium.</p><p title="II-II q. 59 a. 1 co."><a name="41526"><span class="ref">[41526] IIª-IIae q. 59 a. 1 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1210 dicendum quod iniustitia est duplex. Una quidem illegalis, quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1211 opponitur legali iustitiae. Et haec quidem secundum essentiam est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1212 speciale vitium, inquantum respicit speciale obiectum, scilicet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1213 bonum commune, quod contemnit. Sed quantum ad intentionem est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1214 vitium generale, quia per contemptum boni communis potest homo ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1215 omnia peccata deduci. Sicut etiam omnia vitia, inquantum repugnant
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1216 bono communi, iniustitiae rationem habent, quasi ab iniustitia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1217 derivata, sicut et supra de iustitia dictum est. Alio modo dicitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1218 iniustitia secundum inaequalitatem quandam ad alterum, prout
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1219 scilicet homo vult habere plus de bonis, puta divitiis et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1220 honoribus; et minus de malis, puta laboribus et damnis. Et sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1221 iniustitia habet materiam specialem, et est particulare vitium
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1222 iustitiae particulari oppositum.</p><p title="II-II q. 59 a. 1 ad 1"><a name="41527"><span class="ref">[41527] IIª-IIae q. 59 a. 1 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1223 ergo dicendum quod sicut iustitia legalis dicitur per comparationem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1224 ad bonum commune humanum, ita iustitia divina dicitur per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1225 comparationem ad bonum divinum, cui repugnat omne peccatum. Et
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1226 secundum hoc omne peccatum dicitur iniquitas.</p><p title="II-II q. 59 a. 1 ad 2"><a name="41528"><span class="ref">[41528] IIª-IIae q. 59 a. 1 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1227 dicendum quod iniustitia etiam particularis opponitur indirecte
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1228 omnibus virtutibus, inquantum scilicet exteriores etiam actus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1229 pertinent et ad iustitiam et ad alias virtutes morales, licet
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1230 diversimode, sicut supra dictum est.</p><p title="II-II q. 59 a. 1 ad 3"><a name="41529"><span class="ref">[41529] IIª-IIae q. 59 a. 1 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1231 dicendum quod voluntas, sicut et ratio, se extendit ad materiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1232 totam moralem, idest ad passiones et ad operationes exteriores quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1233 sunt ad alterum. Sed iustitia perficit voluntatem solum secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1234 quod se extendit ad operationes quae sunt ad alterum. Et similiter
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1235 iniustitia.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 2</h3><p title="II-II q. 59 a. 2 arg. 1"><a name="41530"><span class="ref">[41530] IIª-IIae q. 59 a. 2 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1236 secundum sic proceditur. Videtur quod aliquis dicatur iniustus ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1237 hoc quod facit iniustum. Habitus enim specificantur per obiecta, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1238 ex supradictis patet. Sed proprium obiectum iustitiae est iustum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1239 et proprium obiectum iniustitiae est iniustum. Ergo et iustus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1240 dicendus est aliquis ex hoc quod facit iustum, et iniustus ex hoc
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1241 quod facit iniustum.</p><p title="II-II q. 59 a. 2 arg. 2"><a name="41531"><span class="ref">[41531] IIª-IIae q. 59 a. 2 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1242 philosophus dicit, in V Ethic., falsam esse opinionem quorundam qui
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1243 aestimant in potestate hominis esse ut statim faciat iniustum, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1244 quod iustus non minus possit facere iniustum quam iniustus. Hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1245 autem non esset nisi facere iniustum esset proprium iniusti. Ergo
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1246 aliquis iudicandus est iniustus ex hoc quod facit iniustum.</p><p title="II-II q. 59 a. 2 arg. 3"><a name="41532"><span class="ref">[41532] IIª-IIae q. 59 a. 2 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1247 eodem modo se habet omnis virtus ad proprium actum, et eadem ratio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1248 est de vitiis oppositis. Sed quicumque facit aliquid intemperatum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1249 dicitur intemperatus. Ergo quicumque facit aliquid iniustum dicitur
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1250 iniustus.</p><p title="II-II q. 59 a. 2 s. c."><a name="41533"><span class="ref">[41533] IIª-IIae q. 59 a. 2 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1251 est quod philosophus dicit, in V Ethic., quod aliquis facit
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1252 iniustum et iniustus non est.</p><p title="II-II q. 59 a. 2 co."><a name="41534"><span class="ref">[41534] IIª-IIae q. 59 a. 2 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1253 dicendum quod sicut obiectum iustitiae est aliquid aequale in rebus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1254 exterioribus, ita etiam obiectum iniustitiae est aliquid inaequale,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1255 prout scilicet alicui attribuitur plus vel minus quam sibi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1256 competat. Ad hoc autem obiectum comparatur habitus iniustitiae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1257 mediante proprio actu, qui vocatur iniustificatio. Potest ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1258 contingere quod qui facit iniustum non est iniustus, dupliciter.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1259 Uno modo, propter defectum comparationis operationis ad proprium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1260 obiectum, quae quidem recipit speciem et nomen a per se obiecto,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1261 non autem ab obiecto per accidens. In his autem quae sunt propter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1262 finem, per se dicitur aliquid quod est intentum, per accidens autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1263 quod est praeter intentionem. Et ideo si aliquis faciat aliquid
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1264 quod est iniustum non intendens iniustum facere, puta cum hoc facit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1265 per ignorantiam, non existimans se iniustum facere; tunc non facit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1266 iniustum per se et formaliter loquendo, sed solum per accidens, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1267 quasi materialiter faciens id quod est iniustum. Et talis operatio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1268 non denominatur iniustificatio. Alio modo potest contingere propter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1269 defectum comparationis ipsius operationis ad habitum. Potest enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1270 iniustificatio procedere quandoque quidem ex aliqua passione, puta
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1271 irae vel concupiscentiae, quandoque autem ex electione, quando
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1272 scilicet ipsa iniustificatio per se placet; et tunc proprie
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1273 procedit ab habitu, quia unicuique habenti aliquem habitum est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1274 secundum se acceptum quod convenit illi habitui. Facere ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1275 iniustum ex intentione et electione est proprium iniusti, secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1276 quod iniustus dicitur qui habet iniustitiae habitum. Sed facere
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1277 iniustum praeter intentionem, vel ex passione, potest aliquis
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1278 absque habitu iniustitiae.</p><p title="II-II q. 59 a. 2 ad 1"><a name="41535"><span class="ref">[41535] IIª-IIae q. 59 a. 2 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1279 ergo dicendum quod obiectum per se et formaliter acceptum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1280 specificat habitum, non autem prout accipitur materialiter et per
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1281 accidens.</p><p title="II-II q. 59 a. 2 ad 2"><a name="41536"><span class="ref">[41536] IIª-IIae q. 59 a. 2 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1282 dicendum quod non est facile cuicumque facere iniustum ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1283 electione, quasi aliquid per se placens et non propter aliud, sed
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1284 hoc proprium est habentis habitum, ut ibidem philosophus dicit.</p><p title="II-II q. 59 a. 2 ad 3"><a name="41537"><span class="ref">[41537] IIª-IIae q. 59 a. 2 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1285 dicendum quod obiectum temperantiae non est aliquid exterius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1286 constitutum, sicut obiectum iustitiae, sed obiectum temperantiae,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1287 idest temperatum, accipitur solum in comparatione ad ipsum hominem.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1288 Et ideo quod est per accidens et praeter intentionem non potest
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1289 dici temperatum nec materialiter nec formaliter, et similiter neque
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1290 intemperatum. Et quantum ad hoc est dissimile in iustitia et in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1291 aliis virtutibus moralibus. Sed quantum ad comparationem
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1292 operationis ad habitum, in omnibus similiter se habet.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 3</h3><p title="II-II q. 59 a. 3 arg. 1"><a name="41538"><span class="ref">[41538] IIª-IIae q. 59 a. 3 arg. 1</span></a> Ad tertium
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1293 sic proceditur. Videtur quod aliquis possit pati iniustum volens.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1294 Iniustum enim est inaequale, ut dictum est. Sed aliquis laedendo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1295 seipsum recedit ab aequalitate, sicut et laedendo alium. Ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1296 aliquis potest sibi ipsi facere iniustum, sicut et alteri. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1297 quicumque facit iniustum volens facit. Ergo aliquis volens potest
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1298 pati iniustum, maxime a seipso.</p><p title="II-II q. 59 a. 3 arg. 2"><a name="41539"><span class="ref">[41539] IIª-IIae q. 59 a. 3 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1299 nullus secundum legem civilem punitur nisi propter hoc quod facit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1300 aliquam iniustitiam. Sed illi qui interimunt seipsos puniuntur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1301 secundum leges civitatum, in hoc quod privabantur antiquitus honore
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1302 sepulturae; ut patet per philosophum, in V Ethic. Ergo aliquis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1303 potest sibi ipsi facere iniustum. Et ita contingit quod aliquis
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1304 iniustum patiatur volens.</p><p title="II-II q. 59 a. 3 arg. 3"><a name="41540"><span class="ref">[41540] IIª-IIae q. 59 a. 3 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1305 nullus facit iniustum nisi alicui patienti iniustum. Sed contingit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1306 quod aliquis faciat iniustum alicui hoc volenti, puta si vendat ei
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1307 rem carius quam valeat. Ergo contingit aliquem volentem iniustum
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1308 pati.</p><p title="II-II q. 59 a. 3 s. c."><a name="41541"><span class="ref">[41541] IIª-IIae q. 59 a. 3 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1309 est quod iniustum pati oppositum est ei quod est iniustum facere.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1310 Sed nullus facit iniustum nisi volens. Ergo, per oppositum, nullus
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1311 patitur iniustum nisi nolens.</p><p title="II-II q. 59 a. 3 co."><a name="41542"><span class="ref">[41542] IIª-IIae q. 59 a. 3 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1312 dicendum quod actio, de sui ratione, procedit ab agente; passio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1313 autem, secundum propriam rationem, est ab alio, unde non potest
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1314 esse idem, secundum idem, agens et patiens, ut dicitur in III et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1315 VIII Physic. Principium autem proprium agendi in hominibus est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1316 voluntas. Et ideo illud proprie et per se homo facit quod volens
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1317 facit, et e contrario illud proprie homo patitur quod praeter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1318 voluntatem suam patitur; quia inquantum est volens, principium est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1319 ex ipso, et ideo, inquantum est huiusmodi, magis est agens quam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1320 patiens. Dicendum est ergo quod iniustum, per se et formaliter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1321 loquendo, nullus potest facere nisi volens, nec pati nisi nolens.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1322 Per accidens autem et quasi materialiter loquendo, potest aliquis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1323 id quod est de se iniustum vel facere nolens, sicut cum quis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1324 praeter intentionem operatur; vel pati volens, sicut cum quis plus
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1325 alteri dat sua voluntate quam debeat.</p><p title="II-II q. 59 a. 3 ad 1"><a name="41543"><span class="ref">[41543] IIª-IIae q. 59 a. 3 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1326 ergo dicendum quod cum aliquis sua voluntate dat alicui id quod ei
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1327 non debet, non facit nec iniustitiam nec inaequalitatem. Homo enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1328 per suam voluntatem possidet res, et ita non est praeter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1329 proportionem si aliquid ei subtrahatur secundum propriam
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1330 voluntatem, vel a seipso vel ab alio.</p><p title="II-II q. 59 a. 3 ad 2"><a name="41544"><span class="ref">[41544] IIª-IIae q. 59 a. 3 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1331 dicendum quod aliqua persona singularis dupliciter potest
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1332 considerari. Uno modo, secundum se. Et sic, si sibi aliquod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1333 nocumentum inferat, potest quidem habere rationem alterius peccati,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1334 puta intemperantiae vel imprudentiae, non tamen rationem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1335 iniustitiae, quia sicut iustitia semper est ad alterum, ita et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1336 iniustitia. Alio modo potest considerari aliquis homo inquantum est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1337 aliquid civitatis, scilicet pars; vel inquantum est aliquid Dei,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1338 scilicet creatura et imago. Et sic qui occidit seipsum iniuriam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1339 quidem facit non sibi, sed civitati et Deo. Et ideo punitur tam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1340 secundum legem divinam quam secundum legem humanam, sicut et de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1341 fornicatore apostolus dicit, <i>si quis templum Dei violaverit,
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1342 disperdet ipsum Deus</i>.</p><p title="II-II q. 59 a. 3 ad 3"><a name="41545"><span class="ref">[41545] IIª-IIae q. 59 a. 3 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1343 dicendum quod passio est effectus actionis exterioris. In hoc autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1344 quod est facere et pati iniustum, id quod materialiter est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1345 attenditur secundum id quod exterius agitur, prout in se
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1346 consideratur, ut dictum est, id autem quod est ibi formale et per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1347 se, attenditur secundum voluntatem agentis et patientis, ut ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1348 dictis patet. Dicendum est ergo quod aliquem facere iniustum, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1349 alium pati iniustum, materialiter loquendo, semper se
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1350 concomitantur. Sed si formaliter loquamur, potest aliquis facere
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1351 iniustum, intendens iniustum facere, tamen alius non patietur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1352 iniustum, quia volens patietur. Et e converso potest aliquis pati
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1353 iniustum, si nolens id quod est iniustum patiatur, et tamen ille
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1354 qui hoc facit ignorans, non faciet iniustum formaliter, sed
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1355 materialiter tantum.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 4</h3><p title="II-II q. 59 a. 4 arg. 1"><a name="41546"><span class="ref">[41546] IIª-IIae q. 59 a. 4 arg. 1</span></a> Ad quartum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1356 sic proceditur. Videtur quod non quicumque facit iniustum peccet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1357 mortaliter. Peccatum enim veniale mortali opponitur. Sed quandoque
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1358 veniale peccatum est quod aliquis faciat iniustum, dicit enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1359 philosophus, in V Ethic., de iniusta agentibus loquens,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1360 <i>quaecumque non solum ignorantes, sed et propter ignorantiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1361 peccant, venialia sunt</i>. Ergo non quicumque facit iniustum
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1362 mortaliter peccat.</p><p title="II-II q. 59 a. 4 arg. 2"><a name="41547"><span class="ref">[41547] IIª-IIae q. 59 a. 4 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1363 qui in aliquo parvo iniustitiam facit, parum a medio declinat. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1364 hoc videtur esse tolerabile, et inter minima malorum computandum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1365 ut patet per philosophum, in II Ethic. Non ergo quicumque facit
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1366 iniustum peccat mortaliter.</p><p title="II-II q. 59 a. 4 arg. 3"><a name="41548"><span class="ref">[41548] IIª-IIae q. 59 a. 4 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1367 caritas est mater omnium virtutum, ex cuius contrarietate aliquod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1368 peccatum dicitur mortale. Sed non omnia peccata opposita aliis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1369 virtutibus sunt mortalia. Ergo etiam neque facere iniustum semper
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1370 est peccatum mortale.</p><p title="II-II q. 59 a. 4 s. c."><a name="41549"><span class="ref">[41549] IIª-IIae q. 59 a. 4 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1371 quidquid est contra legem Dei est peccatum mortale. Sed quicumque
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1372 facit iniustum facit contra praeceptum legis Dei, quia vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1373 reducitur ad furtum, vel ad adulterium, vel ad homicidium; vel ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1374 aliquid huiusmodi, ut ex sequentibus patebit. Ergo quicumque facit
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1375 iniustum peccat mortaliter.</p><p title="II-II q. 59 a. 4 co."><a name="41550"><span class="ref">[41550] IIª-IIae q. 59 a. 4 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1376 dicendum quod, sicut supra dictum est cum de differentia peccatorum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1377 ageretur, peccatum mortale est quod contrariatur caritati, per quam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1378 est animae vita. Omne autem nocumentum alteri illatum ex se
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1379 caritati repugnat, quae movet ad volendum bonum alterius. Et ideo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1380 cum iniustitia semper consistat in nocumento alterius, manifestum
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1381 est quod facere iniustum ex genere suo est peccatum mortale.</p><p title="II-II q. 59 a. 4 ad 1"><a name="41551"><span class="ref">[41551] IIª-IIae q. 59 a. 4 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1382 ergo dicendum quod verbum philosophi intelligitur de ignorantia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1383 facti, quam ipse vocat ignorantiam particularium circumstantiarum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1384 quae meretur veniam, non autem de ignorantia iuris, quae non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1385 excusat. Qui autem ignorans facit iniustum, non facit iniustum nisi
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1386 per accidens, ut supra dictum est.</p><p title="II-II q. 59 a. 4 ad 2"><a name="41552"><span class="ref">[41552] IIª-IIae q. 59 a. 4 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1387 dicendum quod ille qui in parvis facit iniustitiam, deficit a
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1388 perfecta ratione eius quod est iniustum facere, inquantum potest
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1389 reputari non esse omnino contra voluntatem eius qui hoc patitur,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1390 puta si auferat aliquis alicui unum pomum vel aliquid tale, de quo
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1391 probabile sit quod ille inde non laedatur, nec ei displiceat.</p><p title="II-II q. 59 a. 4 ad 3"><a name="41553"><span class="ref">[41553] IIª-IIae q. 59 a. 4 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1392 dicendum quod peccata quae sunt contra alias virtutes non semper
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1393 sunt in nocumentum alterius, sed important inordinationem quandam
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1394 circa passiones humanas. Unde non est similis ratio.</p></div></div><div class="q" id="q60"><h2>Quaestio 60</h2><div class="p"><h3>Prooemium</h3><p title="II-II q. 60 pr."><a name="41554"><span class="ref">[41554] IIª-IIae q. 60 pr.</span></a> Deinde
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1395 considerandum est de iudicio. Et circa hoc quaeruntur sex. Primo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1396 utrum iudicium sit actus iustitiae. Secundo, utrum sit licitum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1397 iudicare. Tertio, utrum per suspiciones sit iudicandum. Quarto,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1398 utrum dubia sint in meliorem partem interpretanda. Quinto, utrum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1399 iudicium semper sit secundum leges scriptas proferendum. Sexto,
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1400 utrum iudicium per usurpationem pervertatur.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 1</h3><p title="II-II q. 60 a. 1 arg. 1"><a name="41555"><span class="ref">[41555] IIª-IIae q. 60 a. 1 arg. 1</span></a> Ad primum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1401 sic proceditur. Videtur quod iudicium non sit actus iustitiae.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1402 Dicit enim philosophus, in I Ethic., quod <i>unusquisque bene
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1403 iudicat quae cognoscit</i>, et sic iudicium ad vim cognoscitivam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1404 pertinere videtur. Vis autem cognoscitiva per prudentiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1405 perficitur. Ergo iudicium magis pertinet ad prudentiam quam ad
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1406 iustitiam, quae est in voluntate, ut dictum est.</p><p title="II-II q. 60 a. 1 arg. 2"><a name="41556"><span class="ref">[41556] IIª-IIae q. 60 a. 1 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1407 apostolus dicit, I ad Cor. II, <i>spiritualis iudicat omnia</i>.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1408 Sed homo maxime efficitur spiritualis per virtutem caritatis, quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1409 <i>diffunditur in cordibus nostris per spiritum sanctum, qui datus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1410 est nobis</i>, ut dicitur Rom. V. Ergo iudicium magis pertinet ad
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1411 caritatem quam ad iustitiam.</p><p title="II-II q. 60 a. 1 arg. 3"><a name="41557"><span class="ref">[41557] IIª-IIae q. 60 a. 1 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1412 ad unamquamque virtutem pertinet rectum iudicium circa propriam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1413 materiam, quia virtuosus in singulis est regula et mensura,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1414 secundum philosophum, in libro Ethic. Non ergo iudicium magis
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1415 pertinet ad iustitiam quam ad alias virtutes morales.</p><p title="II-II q. 60 a. 1 arg. 4"><a name="41558"><span class="ref">[41558] IIª-IIae q. 60 a. 1 arg. 4</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1416 iudicium videtur ad solos iudices pertinere. Actus autem iustitiae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1417 invenitur in omnibus iustis. Cum igitur non soli iudices sint
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1418 iusti, videtur quod iudicium non sit actus proprius iustitiae.</p><p title="II-II q. 60 a. 1 s. c."><a name="41559"><span class="ref">[41559] IIª-IIae q. 60 a. 1 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1419 est quod in Psalm. dicitur, <i>quoadusque iustitia convertatur in
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1420 iudicium</i>.</p><p title="II-II q. 60 a. 1 co."><a name="41560"><span class="ref">[41560] IIª-IIae q. 60 a. 1 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1421 dicendum quod iudicium proprie nominat actum iudicis inquantum est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1422 iudex. Iudex autem dicitur quasi ius dicens. Ius autem est obiectum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1423 iustitiae, ut supra habitum est. Et ideo iudicium importat,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1424 secundum primam nominis impositionem, definitionem vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1425 determinationem iusti sive iuris. Quod autem aliquis bene definiat
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1426 aliquid in operibus virtuosis proprie procedit ex habitu virtutis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1427 sicut castus recte determinat ea quae pertinent ad castitatem. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1428 ideo iudicium, quod importat rectam determinationem eius quod est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1429 iustum, proprie pertinet ad iustitiam. Propter quod philosophus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1430 dicit, in V Ethic., quod <i>homines ad iudicem confugiunt sicut ad
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1431 quandam iustitiam animatam</i>.</p><p title="II-II q. 60 a. 1 ad 1"><a name="41561"><span class="ref">[41561] IIª-IIae q. 60 a. 1 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1432 ergo dicendum quod nomen iudicii, quod secundum primam impositionem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1433 significat rectam determinationem iustorum, ampliatum est ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1434 significandum rectam determinationem in quibuscumque rebus, tam in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1435 speculativis quam in practicis. In omnibus tamen ad rectum iudicium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1436 duo requiruntur. Quorum unum est ipsa virtus proferens iudicium. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1437 sic iudicium est actus rationis, dicere enim vel definire aliquid
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1438 rationis est. Aliud autem est dispositio iudicantis, ex qua habet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1439 idoneitatem ad recte iudicandum. Et sic in his quae ad iustitiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1440 pertinent iudicium procedit ex iustitia, sicut et in his quae ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1441 fortitudinem pertinent ex fortitudine. Sic ergo iudicium est quidam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1442 actus iustitiae sicut inclinantis ad recte iudicandum, prudentiae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1443 autem sicut iudicium proferentis. Unde et synesis, ad prudentiam
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1444 pertinens, dicitur bene iudicativa, ut supra habitum est.</p><p title="II-II q. 60 a. 1 ad 2"><a name="41562"><span class="ref">[41562] IIª-IIae q. 60 a. 1 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1445 dicendum quod homo spiritualis ex habitu caritatis habet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1446 inclinationem ad recte iudicandum de omnibus secundum regulas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1447 divinas, ex quibus iudicium per donum sapientiae pronuntiat, sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1448 iustus per virtutem prudentiae pronuntiat iudicium ex regulis
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1449 iuris.</p><p title="II-II q. 60 a. 1 ad 3"><a name="41563"><span class="ref">[41563] IIª-IIae q. 60 a. 1 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1450 dicendum quod aliae virtutes ordinant hominem in seipso, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1451 iustitia ordinat hominem ad alium, ut ex dictis patet. Homo autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1452 est dominus eorum quae ad ipsum pertinent, non autem est dominus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1453 eorum quae ad alium pertinent. Et ideo in his quae sunt secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1454 alias virtutes non requiritur nisi iudicium virtuosi, extenso tamen
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1455 nomine iudicii, ut dictum est. Sed in his quae pertinent ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1456 iustitiam requiritur ulterius iudicium alicuius superioris, <i>qui
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1457 utrumque valeat arguere, et ponere manum suam in ambobus</i>. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1458 propter hoc iudicium specialius pertinet ad iustitiam quam ad
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1459 aliquam aliam virtutem.</p><p title="II-II q. 60 a. 1 ad 4"><a name="41564"><span class="ref">[41564] IIª-IIae q. 60 a. 1 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1460 dicendum quod iustitia in principe quidem est sicut virtus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1461 architectonica, quasi imperans et praecipiens quod iustum est, in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1462 subditis autem est tanquam virtus executiva et ministrans. Et ideo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1463 iudicium, quod importat definitionem iusti, pertinet ad iustitiam
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1464 secundum quod est principaliori modo in praesidente.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 2</h3><p title="II-II q. 60 a. 2 arg. 1"><a name="41565"><span class="ref">[41565] IIª-IIae q. 60 a. 2 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1465 secundum sic proceditur. Videtur quod non sit licitum iudicare. Non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1466 enim infligitur poena nisi pro illicito. Sed iudicantibus imminet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1467 poena, quam non iudicantes effugiunt, secundum illud Matth. VII,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1468 <i>nolite iudicare, ut non iudicemini</i>. Ergo iudicare est
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1469 illicitum.</p><p title="II-II q. 60 a. 2 arg. 2"><a name="41566"><span class="ref">[41566] IIª-IIae q. 60 a. 2 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1470 Rom. XIV dicitur, <i>tu quis es, qui iudicas alienum servum? Suo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1471 domino stat aut cadit</i>. Dominus autem omnium Deus est. Ergo
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1472 nulli homini licet iudicare.</p><p title="II-II q. 60 a. 2 arg. 3"><a name="41567"><span class="ref">[41567] IIª-IIae q. 60 a. 2 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1473 nullus homo est sine peccato, secundum illud I Ioan. I, <i>si
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1474 dixerimus quia peccatum non habemus, nosipsos seducimus</i>. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1475 peccanti non licet iudicare, secundum illud Rom. II,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1476 <i>inexcusabilis es, o homo omnis qui iudicas, in quo enim alterum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1477 iudicas, teipsum condemnas; eadem enim agis quae iudicas</i>. Ergo
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1478 nulli est licitum iudicare.</p><p title="II-II q. 60 a. 2 s. c."><a name="41568"><span class="ref">[41568] IIª-IIae q. 60 a. 2 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1479 est quod dicitur Deut. XVI, <i>iudices et magistros constitues in
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1480 omnibus portis tuis, ut iudicent populum iusto iudicio</i>.</p><p title="II-II q. 60 a. 2 co."><a name="41569"><span class="ref">[41569] IIª-IIae q. 60 a. 2 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1481 dicendum quod iudicium intantum est licitum inquantum est iustitiae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1482 actus. Sicut autem ex praedictis patet, ad hoc quod iudicium sit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1483 actus iustitiae tria requiruntur, primo quidem, ut procedat ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1484 inclinatione iustitiae; secundo, quod procedat ex auctoritate
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1485 praesidentis; tertio, quod proferatur secundum rectam rationem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1486 prudentiae. Quodcumque autem horum defuerit, est iudicium vitiosum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1487 et illicitum. Uno quidem modo, quando est contra rectitudinem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1488 iustitiae, et sic dicitur iudicium perversum vel iniustum. Alio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1489 modo, quando homo iudicat in his in quibus non habet auctoritatem,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1490 et sic dicitur iudicium usurpatum. Tertio modo, quando deest
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1491 certitudo rationis, puta cum aliquis de his iudicat quae sunt dubia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1492 vel occulta per aliquas leves coniecturas, et sic dicitur iudicium
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1493 suspiciosum vel temerarium.</p><p title="II-II q. 60 a. 2 ad 1"><a name="41570"><span class="ref">[41570] IIª-IIae q. 60 a. 2 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1494 ergo dicendum quod dominus ibi prohibet iudicium temerarium, quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1495 est de intentione cordis vel de aliis incertis, ut Augustinus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1496 dicit, in libro de Serm. Dom. in monte. Vel prohibet ibi iudicium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1497 de rebus divinis, de quibus, cum sint supra nos, non debemus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1498 iudicare, sed simpliciter ea credere, ut Hilarius dicit, super
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1499 Matth. Vel prohibet iudicium quod non sit ex benevolentia, sed ex
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1500 animi amaritudine, ut Chrysostomus dicit.</p><p title="II-II q. 60 a. 2 ad 2"><a name="41571"><span class="ref">[41571] IIª-IIae q. 60 a. 2 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1501 dicendum quod iudex constituitur ut minister Dei. Unde dicitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1502 Deut. I, <i>quod iustum est iudicate</i>; et postea subdit, <i>quia
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1503 Dei est iudicium</i>.</p><p title="II-II q. 60 a. 2 ad 3"><a name="41572"><span class="ref">[41572] IIª-IIae q. 60 a. 2 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1504 dicendum quod illi qui sunt in gravibus peccatis non debent
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1505 iudicare eos qui sunt in eisdem peccatis vel minoribus, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1506 Chrysostomus dicit, super illud Matth. VII, <i>nolite iudicare</i>.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1507 Et praecipue est hoc intelligendum quando illa peccata sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1508 publica, quia ex hoc generatur scandalum in cordibus aliorum. Si
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1509 autem non sunt publica, sed occulta, et necessitas iudicandi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1510 immineat propter officium, potest cum humilitate et timore vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1511 arguere vel iudicare. Unde Augustinus dicit, in libro de Serm. Dom.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1512 in monte, <i>si invenerimus nos in eodem vitio esse, congemiscamus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1513 et ad pariter conandum invitemus</i>. Nec tamen propter hoc homo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1514 sic seipsum condemnat ut novum condemnationis meritum sibi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1515 acquirat, sed quia, condemnans alium, ostendit se similiter
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1516 condemnabilem esse, propter idem peccatum vel simile.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 3</h3><p title="II-II q. 60 a. 3 arg. 1"><a name="41573"><span class="ref">[41573] IIª-IIae q. 60 a. 3 arg. 1</span></a> Ad tertium
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1517 sic proceditur. Videtur quod iudicium ex suspicione procedens non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1518 sit illicitum. Suspicio enim videtur esse opinio incerta de aliquo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1519 malo, unde et philosophus, in VI Ethic., ponit quod suspicio se
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1520 habet et ad verum et ad falsum. Sed de singularibus contingentibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1521 non potest haberi opinio nisi incerta. Cum igitur iudicium humanum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1522 sit circa humanos actus, qui sunt in singularibus et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1523 contingentibus, videtur quod nullum iudicium esset licitum, si ex
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1524 suspicione iudicare non liceret.</p><p title="II-II q. 60 a. 3 arg. 2"><a name="41574"><span class="ref">[41574] IIª-IIae q. 60 a. 3 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1525 per iudicium illicitum fit aliqua iniuria proximo. Sed suspicio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1526 mala in sola opinione hominis consistit, et sic non videtur ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1527 iniuriam alterius pertinere. Ergo suspicionis iudicium non est
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1528 illicitum.</p><p title="II-II q. 60 a. 3 arg. 3"><a name="41575"><span class="ref">[41575] IIª-IIae q. 60 a. 3 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1529 si sit illicitum, oportet quod ad iniustitiam reducatur, quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1530 iudicium est actus iustitiae, ut dictum est. Sed iniustitia ex suo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1531 genere semper est peccatum mortale, ut supra habitum est. Ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1532 suspicionis iudicium semper esset peccatum mortale, si esset
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1533 illicitum. Sed hoc est falsum, quia suspiciones vitare non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1534 possumus, ut dicit Glossa Augustini super illud I ad Cor. IV,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1535 <i>nolite ante tempus iudicare</i>. Ergo iudicium suspiciosum non
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1536 videtur esse illicitum.</p><p title="II-II q. 60 a. 3 s. c."><a name="41576"><span class="ref">[41576] IIª-IIae q. 60 a. 3 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1537 est quod Chrysostomus, super illud Matth. VII, <i>nolite
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1538 iudicare</i> etc., dicit, <i>dominus hoc mandato non prohibet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1539 Christianos ex benevolentia alios corripere, sed ne per iactantiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1540 iustitiae suae Christiani Christianos despiciant, ex solis
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1541 plerumque suspicionibus odientes ceteros et condemnantes</i>.</p><p title="II-II q. 60 a. 3 co."><a name="41577"><span class="ref">[41577] IIª-IIae q. 60 a. 3 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1542 dicendum quod, sicut Tullius dicit, suspicio importat opinionem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1543 mali quando ex levibus indiciis procedit. Et contingit ex tribus.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1544 Uno quidem modo, ex hoc quod aliquis in seipso malus est, et ex hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1545 ipso, quasi conscius suae malitiae, faciliter de aliis malum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1546 opinatur, secundum illud Eccle. X, <i>in via stultus ambulans, cum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1547 ipse sit insipiens, omnes stultos aestimat</i>. Alio modo provenit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1548 ex hoc quod aliquis male afficitur ad alterum. Cum enim aliquis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1549 contemnit vel odit aliquem, aut irascitur vel invidet ei, ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1550 levibus signis opinatur mala de ipso, quia unusquisque faciliter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1551 credit quod appetit. Tertio modo provenit ex longa experientia,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1552 unde philosophus dicit, in II Rhet., quod <i>senes sunt maxime
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1553 suspiciosi, quia multoties experti sunt aliorum defectus</i>.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1554 Primae autem duae suspicionis causae manifeste pertinent ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1555 perversitatem affectus. Tertia vero causa diminuit rationem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1556 suspicionis, inquantum experientia ad certitudinem proficit, quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1557 est contra rationem suspicionis. Et ideo suspicio vitium quoddam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1558 importat, et quanto magis procedit suspicio, tanto magis est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1559 vitiosum. Est autem triplex gradus suspicionis. Primus quidem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1560 gradus est ut homo ex levibus indiciis de bonitate alicuius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1561 dubitare incipiat. Et hoc est veniale et leve peccatum, pertinet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1562 enim <i>ad tentationem humanam, sine qua vita ista non ducitur</i>,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1563 ut habetur in Glossa super illud I ad Cor. IV, <i>nolite ante
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1564 tempus iudicare</i>. Secundus gradus est cum aliquis pro certo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1565 malitiam alterius aestimat ex levibus indiciis. Et hoc, si sit de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1566 aliquo gravi, est peccatum mortale, inquantum non est sine
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1567 contemptu proximi, unde Glossa ibidem subdit, <i>etsi ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1568 suspiciones vitare non possumus, quia homines sumus, iudicia tamen,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1569 idest definitivas firmasque sententias, continere debemus</i>.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1570 Tertius gradus est cum aliquis iudex ex suspicione procedit ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1571 aliquem condemnandum. Et hoc directe ad iniustitiam pertinet. Unde
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1572 est peccatum mortale.</p><p title="II-II q. 60 a. 3 ad 1"><a name="41578"><span class="ref">[41578] IIª-IIae q. 60 a. 3 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1573 ergo dicendum quod in humanis actibus invenitur aliqua certitudo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1574 non quidem sicut in demonstrativis, sed secundum quod convenit tali
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1575 materiae, puta cum aliquid per idoneos testes probatur.</p><p title="II-II q. 60 a. 3 ad 2"><a name="41579"><span class="ref">[41579] IIª-IIae q. 60 a. 3 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1576 dicendum quod ex hoc ipso quod aliquis malam opinionem habet de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1577 alio sine causa sufficienti, indebite contemnit ipsum. Et ideo
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1578 iniuriatur ei.</p><p title="II-II q. 60 a. 3 ad 3"><a name="41580"><span class="ref">[41580] IIª-IIae q. 60 a. 3 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1579 dicendum quod quia iustitia et iniustitia est circa exteriores
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1580 operationes, ut dictum est, tunc iudicium suspiciosum directe ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1581 iniustitiam pertinet quando ad actum exteriorem procedit. Et tunc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1582 est peccatum mortale, ut dictum est. Iudicium autem interius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1583 pertinet ad iustitiam secundum quod comparatur ad exterius iudicium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1584 ut actus interior ad exteriorem, sicut concupiscentia ad
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1585 fornicationem, et ira ad homicidium.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 4</h3><p title="II-II q. 60 a. 4 arg. 1"><a name="41581"><span class="ref">[41581] IIª-IIae q. 60 a. 4 arg. 1</span></a> Ad quartum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1586 sic proceditur. Videtur quod dubia non sint in meliorem partem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1587 interpretanda. Iudicium enim magis esse debet de eo quod ut in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1588 pluribus accidit. Sed in pluribus accidit quod aliqui male agant,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1589 <i>quia stultorum infinitus est numerus</i>, ut dicitur Eccle. I;
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1590 <i>proni enim sunt sensus hominis ad malum ab adolescentia sua</i>,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1591 ut dicitur Gen. VIII. Ergo dubia magis debemus interpretari in
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1592 malum quam in bonum.</p><p title="II-II q. 60 a. 4 arg. 2"><a name="41582"><span class="ref">[41582] IIª-IIae q. 60 a. 4 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1593 Augustinus dicit quod ille pie et iuste vivit qui rerum integer est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1594 aestimator, in neutram partem declinando. Sed ille qui
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1595 interpretatur in melius quod dubium est declinat in alteram partem.
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1596 Ergo hoc non est faciendum.</p><p title="II-II q. 60 a. 4 arg. 3"><a name="41583"><span class="ref">[41583] IIª-IIae q. 60 a. 4 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1597 homo debet diligere proximum sicut seipsum. Sed circa seipsum homo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1598 debet dubia interpretari in peiorem partem, secundum illud Iob IX,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1599 <i>verebar omnia opera mea</i>. Ergo videtur quod ea quae sunt
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1600 dubia circa proximos sint in peiorem partem interpretanda.</p><p title="II-II q. 60 a. 4 s. c."><a name="41584"><span class="ref">[41584] IIª-IIae q. 60 a. 4 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1601 est quod Rom. XIV, super illud, <i>qui non manducat manducantem non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1602 iudicet</i>, dicit Glossa, <i>dubia in meliorem partem sunt
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1603 interpretanda</i>.</p><p title="II-II q. 60 a. 4 co."><a name="41585"><span class="ref">[41585] IIª-IIae q. 60 a. 4 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1604 dicendum quod, sicut dictum est, ex hoc ipso quod aliquis habet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1605 malam opinionem de alio absque sufficienti causa, iniuriatur ei et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1606 contemnit ipsum. Nullus autem debet alium contemnere, vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1607 nocumentum quodcumque inferre, absque causa cogente. Et ideo ubi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1608 non apparent manifesta indicia de malitia alicuius, debemus eum ut
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1609 bonum habere, in meliorem partem interpretando quod dubium est.</p><p title="II-II q. 60 a. 4 ad 1"><a name="41586"><span class="ref">[41586] IIª-IIae q. 60 a. 4 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1610 ergo dicendum quod potest contingere quod ille qui in meliorem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1611 partem interpretatur, frequentius fallitur. Sed melius est quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1612 aliquis frequenter fallatur habens bonam opinionem de aliquo malo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1613 homine, quam quod rarius fallatur habens malam opinionem de aliquo
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1614 bono, quia ex hoc fit iniuria alicui, non autem ex primo.</p><p title="II-II q. 60 a. 4 ad 2"><a name="41587"><span class="ref">[41587] IIª-IIae q. 60 a. 4 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1615 dicendum quod aliud est iudicare de rebus, et aliud de hominibus.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1616 In iudicio enim quo de rebus iudicamus non attenditur bonum vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1617 malum ex parte ipsius rei de qua iudicamus, cui nihil nocet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1618 qualitercumque iudicemus de ipsa, sed attenditur ibi solum bonum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1619 iudicantis si vere iudicet, vel malum si falso; <i>quia verum est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1620 bonum intellectus, falsum autem est malum ipsius</i>, ut dicitur in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1621 VI Ethic. Et ideo unusquisque debet niti ad hoc quod de rebus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1622 iudicet secundum quod sunt. Sed in iudicio quo iudicamus de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1623 hominibus praecipue attenditur bonum et malum ex parte eius de quo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1624 iudicatur, qui in hoc ipso honorabilis habetur quod bonus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1625 iudicatur, et contemptibilis si iudicetur malus. Et ideo ad hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1626 potius tendere debemus in tali iudicio quod hominem iudicemus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1627 bonum, nisi manifesta ratio in contrarium appareat. Ipsi autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1628 homini iudicanti, falsum iudicium quo bene iudicat de alio non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1629 pertinet ad malum intellectus ipsius, sicut nec ad eius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1630 perfectionem pertinet secundum se cognoscere veritatem singularium
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1631 contingentium, sed magis pertinet ad bonum affectum.</p><p title="II-II q. 60 a. 4 ad 3"><a name="41588"><span class="ref">[41588] IIª-IIae q. 60 a. 4 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1632 dicendum quod interpretari aliquid in deteriorem vel meliorem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1633 partem contingit dupliciter. Uno modo, per quandam suppositionem.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1634 Et sic, cum debemus aliquibus malis adhibere remedium, sive nostris
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1635 sive alienis, expedit ad hoc ut securius remedium apponatur, quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1636 supponatur id quod deterius est, quia remedium quod est efficax
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1637 contra maius malum, multo magis est efficax contra minus malum.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1638 Alio modo interpretamur aliquid in bonum vel malum definiendo sive
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1639 determinando. Et sic in rerum iudicio debet aliquis niti ad hoc ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1640 interpretetur unumquodque secundum quod est, in iudicio autem
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1641 personarum, ut interpretetur in melius, sicut dictum est.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 5</h3><p title="II-II q. 60 a. 5 arg. 1"><a name="41589"><span class="ref">[41589] IIª-IIae q. 60 a. 5 arg. 1</span></a> Ad quintum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1642 sic proceditur. Videtur quod non sit semper secundum leges scriptas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1643 iudicandum. Semper enim vitandum est iniustum iudicium. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1644 quandoque leges scriptae iniustitiam continent, secundum illud
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1645 Isaiae X, <i>vae qui condunt leges iniquas, et scribentes
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1646 iniustitias scripserunt</i>. Ergo non semper est secundum leges
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1647 scriptas iudicandum.</p><p title="II-II q. 60 a. 5 arg. 2"><a name="41590"><span class="ref">[41590] IIª-IIae q. 60 a. 5 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1648 iudicium oportet esse de singularibus eventibus. Sed nulla lex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1649 scripta potest omnes singulares eventus comprehendere, ut patet per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1650 philosophum, in V Ethic. Ergo videtur quod non semper sit secundum
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1651 leges scriptas iudicandum.</p><p title="II-II q. 60 a. 5 arg. 3"><a name="41591"><span class="ref">[41591] IIª-IIae q. 60 a. 5 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1652 lex ad hoc scribitur ut sententia legislatoris manifestetur. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1653 quandoque contingit quod si ipse lator legis praesens esset, aliter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1654 iudicaret. Ergo non est semper secundum legem scriptam
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1655 iudicandum.</p><p title="II-II q. 60 a. 5 s. c."><a name="41592"><span class="ref">[41592] IIª-IIae q. 60 a. 5 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1656 est quod Augustinus dicit, in libro de vera Relig., <i>in istis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1657 temporalibus legibus, quanquam de his homines iudicent cum eas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1658 instituerint, tamen cum fuerint institutae et firmatae, non licebit
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1659 iudicibus de ipsis iudicare, sed secundum ipsas</i>.</p><p title="II-II q. 60 a. 5 co."><a name="41593"><span class="ref">[41593] IIª-IIae q. 60 a. 5 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1660 dicendum quod, sicut dictum est, iudicium nihil est aliud nisi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1661 quaedam definitio vel determinatio eius quod iustum est. Fit autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1662 aliquid iustum dupliciter, uno modo, ex ipsa natura rei, quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1663 dicitur ius naturale; alio modo, ex quodam condicto inter homines,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1664 quod dicitur ius positivum, ut supra habitum est. Leges autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1665 scribuntur ad utriusque iuris declarationem, aliter tamen et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1666 aliter. Nam legis Scriptura ius quidem naturale continet, sed non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1667 instituit, non enim habet robur ex lege, sed ex natura. Ius autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1668 positivum Scriptura legis et continet et instituit, dans ei
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1669 auctoritatis robur. Et ideo necesse est quod iudicium fiat secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1670 legis Scripturam, alioquin iudicium deficeret vel a iusto naturali,
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1671 vel a iusto positivo.</p><p title="II-II q. 60 a. 5 ad 1"><a name="41594"><span class="ref">[41594] IIª-IIae q. 60 a. 5 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1672 ergo dicendum quod lex scripta, sicut non dat robur iuri naturali,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1673 ita nec potest eius robur minuere vel auferre, quia nec voluntas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1674 hominis potest immutare naturam. Et ideo si Scriptura legis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1675 contineat aliquid contra ius naturale, iniusta est, nec habet vim
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1676 obligandi, ibi enim ius positivum locum habet ubi quantum ad ius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1677 naturale nihil differt utrum sic vel aliter fiat, sicut supra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1678 habitum est. Et ideo nec tales Scripturae leges dicuntur, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1679 potius legis corruptiones, ut supra dictum est. Et ideo secundum
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1680 eas non est iudicandum.</p><p title="II-II q. 60 a. 5 ad 2"><a name="41595"><span class="ref">[41595] IIª-IIae q. 60 a. 5 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1681 dicendum quod sicut leges iniquae secundum se contrariantur iuri
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1682 naturali, vel semper vel ut in pluribus; ita etiam leges quae sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1683 recte positae in aliquibus casibus deficiunt, in quibus si
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1684 servarentur, esset contra ius naturale. Et ideo in talibus non est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1685 secundum litteram legis iudicandum, sed recurrendum ad aequitatem,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1686 quam intendit legislator. Unde iurisperitus dicit, <i>nulla ratio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1687 iuris aut aequitatis benignitas patitur ut quae salubriter pro
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1688 utilitate hominum introducuntur, ea nos duriore interpretatione
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1689 contra ipsorum commodum producamus ad severitatem</i>. Et in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1690 talibus etiam legislator aliter iudicaret, et, si considerasset,
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1691 lege determinasset.</p><p title="II-II q. 60 a. 5 ad 3"><a name="41596"><span class="ref">[41596] IIª-IIae q. 60 a. 5 ad 3</span></a> Et per hoc
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1692 patet responsio ad tertium.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 6</h3><p title="II-II q. 60 a. 6 arg. 1"><a name="41597"><span class="ref">[41597] IIª-IIae q. 60 a. 6 arg. 1</span></a> Ad sextum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1693 sic proceditur. Videtur quod iudicium per usurpationem non reddatur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1694 perversum. Iustitia enim est quaedam rectitudo in agendis. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1695 nihil deperit veritati a quocumque dicatur, sed a quocumque est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1696 accipienda. Ergo etiam nihil deperit iustitiae, a quocumque iustum
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1697 determinetur, quod pertinet ad rationem iudicii.</p><p title="II-II q. 60 a. 6 arg. 2"><a name="41598"><span class="ref">[41598] IIª-IIae q. 60 a. 6 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1698 peccata punire ad iudicium pertinet. Sed aliqui laudabiliter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1699 leguntur peccata punisse qui tamen auctoritatem non habebant super
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1700 illos quos puniebant, sicut Moyses occidendo Aegyptium, ut habetur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1701 Exod. II; et Phinees, filius Eleazari, Zambri, filium Salomi, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1702 legitur Num. XXV, <i>et reputatum est ei ad iustitiam</i>, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1703 dicitur in Psalm. Ergo usurpatio iudicii non pertinet ad
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1704 iniustitiam.</p><p title="II-II q. 60 a. 6 arg. 3"><a name="41599"><span class="ref">[41599] IIª-IIae q. 60 a. 6 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1705 potestas spiritualis distinguitur a temporali. Sed quandoque
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1706 praelati habentes spiritualem potestatem intromittunt se de his
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1707 quae pertinent ad potestatem saecularem. Ergo usurpatum iudicium
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1708 non est illicitum.</p><p title="II-II q. 60 a. 6 arg. 4"><a name="41600"><span class="ref">[41600] IIª-IIae q. 60 a. 6 arg. 4</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1709 sicut ad recte iudicandum requiritur auctoritas, ita etiam et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1710 iustitia iudicantis et scientia, ut ex supradictis patet. Sed non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1711 dicitur iudicium esse iniustum si aliquis iudicet non habens
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1712 habitum iustitiae, vel non habens scientiam iuris. Ergo neque etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1713 iudicium usurpatum, quod fit per defectum auctoritatis, semper erit
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1714 iniustum.</p><p title="II-II q. 60 a. 6 s. c."><a name="41601"><span class="ref">[41601] IIª-IIae q. 60 a. 6 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1715 est quod dicitur Rom. XIV, <i>tu quis es, qui iudicas alienum
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1716 servum?</i></p><p title="II-II q. 60 a. 6 co."><a name="41602"><span class="ref">[41602] IIª-IIae q. 60 a. 6 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1717 dicendum quod, cum iudicium sit ferendum secundum leges scriptas,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1718 ut dictum est, ille qui iudicium fert legis dictum quodammodo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1719 interpretatur, applicando ipsum ad particulare negotium. Cum autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1720 eiusdem auctoritatis sit legem interpretari et legem condere, sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1721 lex condi non potest nisi publica auctoritate, ita nec iudicium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1722 ferri potest nisi publica auctoritate, quae quidem se extendit ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1723 eos qui communitati subduntur. Et ideo sicut iniustum esset ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1724 aliquis constringeret alium ad legem servandam quae non esset
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1725 publica auctoritate sancita, ita etiam iniustum est si aliquis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1726 aliquem compellat ferre iudicium quod publica auctoritate non
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1727 fertur.</p><p title="II-II q. 60 a. 6 ad 1"><a name="41603"><span class="ref">[41603] IIª-IIae q. 60 a. 6 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1728 ergo dicendum quod pronuntiatio veritatis non importat compulsionem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1729 ad hoc quod suscipiatur, sed liberum est unicuique eam recipere vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1730 non recipere prout vult. Sed iudicium importat quandam impulsionem.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1731 Et ideo iniustum est quod aliquis iudicetur ab eo qui publicam
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1732 auctoritatem non habet.</p><p title="II-II q. 60 a. 6 ad 2"><a name="41604"><span class="ref">[41604] IIª-IIae q. 60 a. 6 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1733 dicendum quod Moyses videtur Aegyptium occidisse quasi ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1734 inspiratione divina auctoritatem adeptus, ut videtur per hoc quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1735 dicitur Act. VII, quod, <i>percusso Aegyptio, aestimabat Moyses
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1736 intelligere fratres suos quoniam dominus per manum ipsius daret
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1737 salutem Israel</i>. Vel potest dici quod Moyses occidit Aegyptium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1738 defendendo eum qui iniuriam patiebatur cum moderamine inculpatae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1739 tutelae. Unde Ambrosius dicit, in libro de Offic., quod <i>qui non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1740 repellit iniuriam a socio cum potest, tam est in vitio quam ille
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1741 qui facit</i>; et inducit exemplum Moysi. Vel potest dici, sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1742 dicit Augustinus, in quaestionibus Exod., quod <i>sicut terra, ante
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1743 utilia semina, herbarum inutilium fertilitate laudatur; sic illud
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1744 Moysi factum vitiosum quidem fuit, sed magnae fertilitatis signum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1745 gerebat</i>, inquantum scilicet erat signum virtutis eius qua
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1746 populum liberaturus erat. De Phinee autem dicendum est quod ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1747 inspiratione divina, zelo Dei commotus, hoc fecit. Vel quia, licet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1748 nondum esset summus sacerdos, erat tamen filius summi sacerdotis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1749 et ad eum hoc iudicium pertinebat, sicut et ad alios iudices,
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1750 quibus hoc erat praeceptum.</p><p title="II-II q. 60 a. 6 ad 3"><a name="41605"><span class="ref">[41605] IIª-IIae q. 60 a. 6 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1751 dicendum quod potestas saecularis subditur spirituali sicut corpus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1752 animae. Et ideo non est usurpatum iudicium si spiritualis praelatus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1753 se intromittat de temporalibus quantum ad ea in quibus subditur ei
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1754 saecularis potestas, vel quae ei a saeculari potestate
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1755 relinquuntur.</p><p title="II-II q. 60 a. 6 ad 4"><a name="41606"><span class="ref">[41606] IIª-IIae q. 60 a. 6 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1756 dicendum quod habitus scientiae et iustitiae sunt perfectiones
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1757 singularis personae, et ideo per eorum defectum non dicitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1758 usurpatum iudicium, sicut per defectum publicae auctoritatis, ex
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1759 qua iudicium vim coactivam habet.</p></div></div><div class="centro"><br/>
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1760 <p><a href="sth3047.html"><img alt="age retro" border="0" align="middle" height="19" width="19" src="icons/ageretro.gif"/></a>
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1761 <a href="sth3061.html"><img alt="age ultra" border="0" align="middle" height="19" width="19" src="icons/ageultra.gif"/></a></p>
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1762 <br/>
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1763 <hr/>
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1764 <br/>
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1765 <address>© 2006 Fundación Tomás de Aquino quoad
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1766 hanc editionem<br/>
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1767 Iura omnia asservantur<br/>
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1768 OCLC nr. <a style="text-decoration=none" href="http://worldcatlibraries.org/wcpa/oclc/49644264">49644264</a></address>
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1769 </div></body>
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1770 </html>

Mercurial > hg > Aquinas

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