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annotate summa/latin/sth2026.html @ 86:dd8a8c8eb56d

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completed FP_ix
author ht
date Sun, 03 Feb 2013 10:50:36 +0000
parents d777cc3962f2
children 71f2c033089e
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1 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
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2 <!DOCTYPE html
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3 PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "file:///c:/cygwin/usr/local/share/lib/xml/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
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4 <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="LA" lang="LA">
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5 <head>
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6 <meta content="HTML Tidy for Windows (vers 1st February 2005), see www.w3.org" name="generator"/>
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7 <meta content="text/html; charset=us-ascii" http-equiv="Content-Type"/>
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8 <meta content="text/css" http-equiv="Content-Style-Type"/>
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9 <meta content="text/javascript" http-equiv="Content-Script-Type"/>
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10 <meta content="Thomas de Aquino, Summa Theologiae, Corpus Thomisticum" name="keywords"/>
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11 <meta content="Latin" name="language"/>
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12 <meta content="public" name="security"/>
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13 <meta content="ealarcon@unav.es" name="owner"/>
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14 <meta content="Enrique Alarcón" name="author"/>
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15 <meta content="" name="abstract"/>
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16 <link type="text/css" href="vscreen.css" media="screen" rel="stylesheet"/>
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17 <link type="text/css" href="vprint.css" media="print" rel="stylesheet"/>
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18 <title>Thomas de Aquino, Summa Theologiae, Iª-IIae q.
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19 26-39</title>
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20 </head>
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21 <body><a href="http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/"/><div class="tres">CORPUS THOMISTICUM</div><div class="uno">Sancti Thomae de Aquino</div><div class="uno">Summa Theologiae</div><div class="dos">prima pars secundae partis a quaestione XXVI ad
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22 XXXIX</div><div class="centro">
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23 <table summary="Imago" align="center">
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24 <tr>
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25 <th><img align="middle" alt="Thomas de Aquino a Filippino Lippi depictus (Cappella Carafa, S. Maria sopra Minerva, Roma)" border="0" height="190" width="275" src="icons/fugit190.jpg"/></th>
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26 </tr>
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27 </table>
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28 <br/>
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29 <span class="tres">Textum Leoninum Romae 1891 editum<br/>
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30 ac automato translatum a Roberto Busa SJ in taenias
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31 magneticas<br/>
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32 denuo recognovit Enrique Alarcón atque instruxit<br/>
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33 <br/></span><br/>
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34 <hr/>
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35 <br/>
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36 <p><a href="sth2022.html"><img alt="age retro" border="0" align="middle" height="19" width="19" src="icons/ageretro.gif"/></a>  
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37 <a href="sth2040.html"><img alt="age ultra" border="0" align="middle" height="19" width="19" src="icons/ageultra.gif"/></a></p>
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38 <script type="text/javascript" language="JavaScript">
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39 //
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40 &lt;!--
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41 // original code by Bill Trefzger 12/12/96; revised by Enrique Alarcon 12/9/2000
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42 function go(){if(document.selecter.select1.options[document.selecter.select1.selectedIndex].value !="none"){location=document.selecter.select1.options[document.selecter.select1.selectedIndex].value}}
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45 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="none"&gt;------------------------------------------------');
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134 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#34717"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 28 a. 2 ad 2');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
135 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#34718"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 28 a. 2 ad 3');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
136 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#34719"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 28 a. 3 arg. 1');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
137 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#34720"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 28 a. 3 arg. 2');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
138 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#34721"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 28 a. 3 arg. 3');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
139 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#34722"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 28 a. 3 s. c.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
140 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#34723"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 28 a. 3 co.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
141 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#34724"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 28 a. 3 ad 1');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
142 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#34725"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 28 a. 3 ad 2');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
143 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#34726"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 28 a. 3 ad 3');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
144 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#34727"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 28 a. 4 arg. 1');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
145 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#34728"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 28 a. 4 arg. 2');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
146 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#34729"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 28 a. 4 arg. 3');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
147 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#34730"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 28 a. 4 s. c.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
148 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#34731"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 28 a. 4 co.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
149 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#34732"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 28 a. 4 ad 1');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
150 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#34733"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 28 a. 4 ad 2');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
151 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#34734"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 28 a. 4 ad 3');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
152 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#34735"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 28 a. 5 arg. 1');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
153 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#34736"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 28 a. 5 arg. 2');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
154 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#34737"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 28 a. 5 arg. 3');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
155 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#34738"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 28 a. 5 s. c.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
156 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#34739"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 28 a. 5 co.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
157 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#34740"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 28 a. 5 ad 1');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
158 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#34741"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 28 a. 6 arg. 1');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
159 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#34742"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 28 a. 6 arg. 2');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
160 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#34743"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 28 a. 6 arg. 3');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
161 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#34744"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 28 a. 6 s. c.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
162 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#34745"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 28 a. 6 co.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
163 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#34746"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 28 a. 6 ad 1');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
164 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#34747"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 28 a. 6 ad 2');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
165 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#34748"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 28 a. 6 ad 3');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
166 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#34749"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 29 pr.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
167 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#34750"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 29 a. 1 arg. 1');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
168 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#34751"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 29 a. 1 arg. 2');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
169 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#34752"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 29 a. 1 arg. 3');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
170 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#34753"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 29 a. 1 s. c.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
171 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#34754"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 29 a. 1 co.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
172 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#34755"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 29 a. 1 ad 1');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
173 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#34756"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 29 a. 1 ad 2');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
174 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#34757"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 29 a. 1 ad 3');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
175 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#34758"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 29 a. 2 arg. 1');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
176 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#34759"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 29 a. 2 arg. 2');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
177 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#34760"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 29 a. 2 arg. 3');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
178 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#34761"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 29 a. 2 s. c.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
179 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#34762"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 29 a. 2 co.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
180 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#34763"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 29 a. 2 ad 1');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
181 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#34764"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 29 a. 2 ad 2');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
182 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#34765"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 29 a. 2 ad 3');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
183 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#34766"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 29 a. 3 arg. 1');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
184 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#34767"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 29 a. 3 arg. 2');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
185 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#34768"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 29 a. 3 arg. 3');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
186 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#34769"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 29 a. 3 s. c.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
187 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#34770"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 29 a. 3 co.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
188 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#34771"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 29 a. 3 ad 1');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
189 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#34772"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 29 a. 3 ad 2');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
190 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#34773"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 29 a. 3 ad 3');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
191 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#34774"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 29 a. 4 arg. 1');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
192 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#34775"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 29 a. 4 arg. 2');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
193 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#34776"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 29 a. 4 arg. 3');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
194 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#34777"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 29 a. 4 s. c.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
195 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#34778"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 29 a. 4 co.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
196 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#34779"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 29 a. 4 ad 1');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
197 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#34780"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 29 a. 4 ad 2');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
198 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#34781"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 29 a. 4 ad 3');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
199 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#34782"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 29 a. 5 arg. 1');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
200 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#34783"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 29 a. 5 arg. 2');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
201 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#34784"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 29 a. 5 arg. 3');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
202 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#34785"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 29 a. 5 s. c.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
203 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#34786"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 29 a. 5 co.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
204 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#34787"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 29 a. 5 ad 1');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
205 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#34788"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 29 a. 5 ad 2');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
206 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#34789"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 29 a. 5 ad 3');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
207 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#34790"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 29 a. 6 arg. 1');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
208 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#34791"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 29 a. 6 arg. 2');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
209 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#34792"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 29 a. 6 arg. 3');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
210 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#34793"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 29 a. 6 s. c.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
211 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#34794"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 29 a. 6 co.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
212 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#34795"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 29 a. 6 ad 1');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
213 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#34796"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 29 a. 6 ad 2');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
214 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#34797"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 29 a. 6 ad 3');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
215 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#34798"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 30 pr.');
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ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
216 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#34799"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 30 a. 1 arg. 1');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
217 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#34800"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 30 a. 1 arg. 2');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
218 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#34801"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 30 a. 1 arg. 3');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
219 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#34802"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 30 a. 1 s. c.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
220 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#34803"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 30 a. 1 co.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
221 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#34804"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 30 a. 1 ad 1');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
222 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#34805"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 30 a. 1 ad 2');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
223 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#34806"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 30 a. 1 ad 3');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
224 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#34807"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 30 a. 2 arg. 1');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
225 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#34808"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 30 a. 2 arg. 2');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
226 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#34809"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 30 a. 2 arg. 3');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
227 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#34810"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 30 a. 2 s. c.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
228 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#34811"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 30 a. 2 co.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
229 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#34812"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 30 a. 2 ad 1');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
230 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#34813"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 30 a. 2 ad 2');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
231 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#34814"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 30 a. 2 ad 3');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
232 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#34815"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 30 a. 3 arg. 1');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
233 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#34816"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 30 a. 3 arg. 2');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
234 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#34817"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 30 a. 3 arg. 3');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
235 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#34818"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 30 a. 3 s. c.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
236 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#34819"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 30 a. 3 co.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
237 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#34820"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 30 a. 3 ad 1');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
238 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#34821"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 30 a. 3 ad 2');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
239 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#34822"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 30 a. 3 ad 3');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
240 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#34823"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 30 a. 4 arg. 1');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
241 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#34824"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 30 a. 4 arg. 2');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
242 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#34825"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 30 a. 4 arg. 3');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
243 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#34826"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 30 a. 4 s. c.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
244 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#34827"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 30 a. 4 co.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
245 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#34828"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 30 a. 4 ad 1');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
246 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#34829"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 30 a. 4 ad 2');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
247 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#34830"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 30 a. 4 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
248 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#34831"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 31 pr.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
249 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#34832"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 31 a. 1 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
250 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#34833"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 31 a. 1 arg. 2');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
251 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#34834"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 31 a. 1 arg. 3');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
252 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#34835"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 31 a. 1 s. c.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
253 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#34836"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 31 a. 1 co.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
254 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#34837"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 31 a. 1 ad 1');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
255 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#34838"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 31 a. 1 ad 2');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
256 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#34839"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 31 a. 1 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
257 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#34840"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 31 a. 2 arg. 1');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
258 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#34841"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 31 a. 2 arg. 2');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
259 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#34842"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 31 a. 2 arg. 3');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
260 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#34843"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 31 a. 2 s. c.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
261 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#34844"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 31 a. 2 co.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
262 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#34845"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 31 a. 2 ad 1');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
263 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#34846"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 31 a. 2 ad 2');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
264 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#34847"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 31 a. 2 ad 3');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
265 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#34848"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 31 a. 3 arg. 1');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
266 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#34849"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 31 a. 3 arg. 2');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
267 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#34850"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 31 a. 3 arg. 3');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
268 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#34851"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 31 a. 3 s. c.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
269 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#34852"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 31 a. 3 co.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
270 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#34853"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 31 a. 3 ad 1');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
271 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#34854"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 31 a. 3 ad 2');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
272 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#34855"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 31 a. 3 ad 3');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
273 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#34856"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 31 a. 4 arg. 1');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
274 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#34857"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 31 a. 4 arg. 2');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
275 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#34858"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 31 a. 4 arg. 3');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
276 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#34859"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 31 a. 4 s. c.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
277 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#34860"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 31 a. 4 co.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
278 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#34861"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 31 a. 4 ad 1');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
279 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#34862"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 31 a. 4 ad 2');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
280 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#34863"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 31 a. 4 ad 3');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
281 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#34864"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 31 a. 5 arg. 1');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
282 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#34865"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 31 a. 5 arg. 2');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
283 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#34866"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 31 a. 5 arg. 3');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
284 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#34867"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 31 a. 5 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
285 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#34868"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 31 a. 5 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
286 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#34869"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 31 a. 5 ad 1');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
287 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#34870"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 31 a. 5 ad 2');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
288 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#34871"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 31 a. 5 ad 3');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
289 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#34872"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 31 a. 6 arg. 1');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
290 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#34873"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 31 a. 6 arg. 2');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
291 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#34874"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 31 a. 6 arg. 3');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
292 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#34875"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 31 a. 6 s. c.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
293 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#34876"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 31 a. 6 co.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
294 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#34877"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 31 a. 6 ad 1');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
295 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#34878"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 31 a. 6 ad 2');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
296 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#34879"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 31 a. 6 ad 3');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
297 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#34880"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 31 a. 7 arg. 1');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
298 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#34881"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 31 a. 7 arg. 2');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
299 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#34882"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 31 a. 7 arg. 3');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
300 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#34883"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 31 a. 7 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
301 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#34884"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 31 a. 7 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
302 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#34885"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 31 a. 7 ad');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
303 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#34886"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 31 a. 8 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
304 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#34887"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 31 a. 8 arg. 2');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
305 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#34888"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 31 a. 8 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
306 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#34889"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 31 a. 8 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
307 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#34890"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 31 a. 8 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
308 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#34891"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 31 a. 8 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
309 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#34892"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 31 a. 8 ad 2');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
310 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#34893"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 31 a. 8 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
311 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#34894"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 32 pr.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
312 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#34895"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 32 a. 1 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
313 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#34896"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 32 a. 1 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
314 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#34897"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 32 a. 1 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
315 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#34898"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 32 a. 1 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
316 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#34899"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 32 a. 1 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
317 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#34900"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 32 a. 1 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
318 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#34901"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 32 a. 1 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
319 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#34902"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 32 a. 1 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
320 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#34903"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 32 a. 2 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
321 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#34904"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 32 a. 2 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
322 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#34905"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 32 a. 2 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
323 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#34906"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 32 a. 2 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
324 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#34907"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 32 a. 2 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
325 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#34908"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 32 a. 2 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
326 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#34909"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 32 a. 2 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
327 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#34910"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 32 a. 2 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
328 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#34911"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 32 a. 3 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
329 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#34912"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 32 a. 3 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
330 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#34913"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 32 a. 3 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
331 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#34914"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 32 a. 3 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
332 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#34915"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 32 a. 3 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
333 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#34916"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 32 a. 3 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
334 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#34917"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 32 a. 3 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
335 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#34918"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 32 a. 3 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
336 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#34919"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 32 a. 4 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
337 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#34920"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 32 a. 4 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
338 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#34921"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 32 a. 4 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
339 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#34922"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 32 a. 4 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
340 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#34923"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 32 a. 4 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
341 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#34924"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 32 a. 4 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
342 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#34925"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 32 a. 4 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
343 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#34926"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 32 a. 4 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
344 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#34927"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 32 a. 5 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
345 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#34928"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 32 a. 5 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
346 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#34929"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 32 a. 5 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
347 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#34930"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 32 a. 5 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
348 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#34931"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 32 a. 5 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
349 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#34932"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 32 a. 5 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
350 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#34933"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 32 a. 5 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
351 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#34934"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 32 a. 5 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
352 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#34935"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 32 a. 6 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
353 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#34936"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 32 a. 6 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
354 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#34937"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 32 a. 6 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
355 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#34938"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 32 a. 6 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
356 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#34939"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 32 a. 6 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
357 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#34940"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 32 a. 6 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
358 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#34941"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 32 a. 6 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
359 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#34942"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 32 a. 6 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
360 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#34943"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 32 a. 7 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
361 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#34944"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 32 a. 7 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
362 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#34945"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 32 a. 7 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
363 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#34946"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 32 a. 7 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
364 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#34947"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 32 a. 7 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
365 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#34948"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 32 a. 7 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
366 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#34949"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 32 a. 7 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
367 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#34950"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 32 a. 7 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
368 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#34951"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 32 a. 8 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
369 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#34952"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 32 a. 8 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
370 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#34953"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 32 a. 8 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
371 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#34954"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 32 a. 8 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
372 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#34955"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 32 a. 8 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
373 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#34956"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 32 a. 8 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
374 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#34957"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 32 a. 8 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
375 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#34958"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 32 a. 8 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
376 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#34959"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 33 pr.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
377 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#34960"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 33 a. 1 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
378 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#34961"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 33 a. 1 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
379 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#34962"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 33 a. 1 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
380 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#34963"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 33 a. 1 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
381 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#34964"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 33 a. 1 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
382 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#34965"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 33 a. 1 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
383 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#34966"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 33 a. 1 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
384 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#34967"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 33 a. 1 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
385 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#34968"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 33 a. 2 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
386 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#34969"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 33 a. 2 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
387 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#34970"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 33 a. 2 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
388 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#34971"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 33 a. 2 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
389 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#34972"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 33 a. 2 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
390 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#34973"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 33 a. 2 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
391 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#34974"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 33 a. 2 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
392 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#34975"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 33 a. 2 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
393 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#34976"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 33 a. 3 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
394 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#34977"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 33 a. 3 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
395 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#34978"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 33 a. 3 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
396 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#34979"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 33 a. 3 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
397 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#34980"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 33 a. 3 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
398 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#34981"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 33 a. 3 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
399 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#34982"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 33 a. 3 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
400 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#34983"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 33 a. 3 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
401 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#34984"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 33 a. 4 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
402 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#34985"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 33 a. 4 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
403 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#34986"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 33 a. 4 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
404 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#34987"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 33 a. 4 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
405 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#34988"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 33 a. 4 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
406 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#34989"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 33 a. 4 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
407 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#34990"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 33 a. 4 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
408 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#34991"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 33 a. 4 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
409 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#34992"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 34 pr.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
410 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#34993"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 34 a. 1 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
411 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#34994"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 34 a. 1 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
412 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#34995"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 34 a. 1 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
413 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#34996"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 34 a. 1 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
414 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#34997"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 34 a. 1 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
415 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#34998"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 34 a. 1 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
416 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#34999"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 34 a. 1 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
417 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#35000"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 34 a. 1 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
418 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#35001"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 34 a. 2 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
419 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#35002"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 34 a. 2 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
420 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#35003"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 34 a. 2 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
421 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#35004"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 34 a. 2 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
422 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#35005"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 34 a. 2 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
423 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#35006"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 34 a. 2 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
424 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#35007"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 34 a. 2 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
425 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#35008"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 34 a. 2 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
426 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#35009"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 34 a. 3 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
427 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#35010"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 34 a. 3 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
428 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#35011"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 34 a. 3 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
429 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#35012"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 34 a. 3 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
430 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#35013"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 34 a. 3 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
431 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#35014"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 34 a. 3 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
432 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#35015"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 34 a. 3 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
433 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#35016"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 34 a. 3 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
434 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#35017"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 34 a. 4 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
435 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#35018"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 34 a. 4 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
436 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#35019"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 34 a. 4 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
437 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#35020"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 34 a. 4 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
438 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#35021"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 34 a. 4 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
439 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#35022"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 34 a. 4 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
440 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#35023"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 34 a. 4 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
441 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#35024"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 34 a. 4 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
442 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#35025"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 35 pr.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
443 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#35026"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 35 a. 1 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
444 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#35027"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 35 a. 1 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
445 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#35028"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 35 a. 1 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
446 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#35029"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 35 a. 1 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
447 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#35030"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 35 a. 1 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
448 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#35031"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 35 a. 1 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
449 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#35032"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 35 a. 1 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
450 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#35033"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 35 a. 1 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
451 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#35034"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 35 a. 2 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
452 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#35035"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 35 a. 2 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
453 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#35036"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 35 a. 2 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
454 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#35037"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 35 a. 2 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
455 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#35038"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 35 a. 2 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
456 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#35039"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 35 a. 2 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
457 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#35040"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 35 a. 2 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
458 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#35041"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 35 a. 2 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
459 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#35042"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 35 a. 3 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
460 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#35043"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 35 a. 3 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
461 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#35044"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 35 a. 3 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
462 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#35045"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 35 a. 3 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
463 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#35046"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 35 a. 3 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
464 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#35047"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 35 a. 3 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
465 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#35048"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 35 a. 3 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
466 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#35049"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 35 a. 3 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
467 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#35050"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 35 a. 4 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
468 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#35051"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 35 a. 4 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
469 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#35052"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 35 a. 4 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
470 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#35053"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 35 a. 4 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
471 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#35054"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 35 a. 4 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
472 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#35055"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 35 a. 4 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
473 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#35056"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 35 a. 4 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
474 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#35057"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 35 a. 4 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
475 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#35058"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 35 a. 5 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
476 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#35059"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 35 a. 5 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
477 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#35060"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 35 a. 5 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
478 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#35061"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 35 a. 5 arg. 4');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
479 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#35062"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 35 a. 5 arg. 5');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
480 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#35063"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 35 a. 5 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
481 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#35064"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 35 a. 5 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
482 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#35065"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 35 a. 5 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
483 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#35066"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 35 a. 5 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
484 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#35067"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 35 a. 5 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
485 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#35068"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 35 a. 5 ad 4');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
486 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#35069"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 35 a. 5 ad 5');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
487 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#35070"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 35 a. 6 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
488 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#35071"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 35 a. 6 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
489 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#35072"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 35 a. 6 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
490 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#35073"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 35 a. 6 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
491 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#35074"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 35 a. 6 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
492 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#35075"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 35 a. 6 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
493 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#35076"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 35 a. 6 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
494 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#35077"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 35 a. 6 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
495 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#35078"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 35 a. 7 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
496 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#35079"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 35 a. 7 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
497 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#35080"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 35 a. 7 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
498 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#35081"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 35 a. 7 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
499 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#35082"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 35 a. 7 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
500 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#35083"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 35 a. 7 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
501 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#35084"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 35 a. 7 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
502 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#35085"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 35 a. 7 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
503 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#35086"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 35 a. 8 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
504 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#35087"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 35 a. 8 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
505 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#35088"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 35 a. 8 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
506 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#35089"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 35 a. 8 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
507 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#35090"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 35 a. 8 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
508 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#35091"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 35 a. 8 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
509 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#35092"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 35 a. 8 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
510 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#35093"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 35 a. 8 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
511 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#35094"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 36 pr.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
512 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#35095"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 36 a. 1 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
513 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#35096"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 36 a. 1 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
514 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#35097"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 36 a. 1 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
515 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#35098"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 36 a. 1 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
516 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#35099"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 36 a. 1 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
517 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#35100"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 36 a. 1 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
518 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#35101"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 36 a. 1 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
519 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#35102"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 36 a. 1 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
520 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#35103"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 36 a. 2 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
521 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#35104"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 36 a. 2 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
522 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#35105"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 36 a. 2 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
523 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#35106"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 36 a. 2 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
524 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#35107"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 36 a. 2 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
525 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#35108"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 36 a. 2 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
526 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#35109"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 36 a. 2 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
527 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#35110"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 36 a. 2 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
528 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#35111"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 36 a. 3 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
529 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#35112"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 36 a. 3 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
530 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#35113"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 36 a. 3 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
531 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#35114"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 36 a. 3 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
532 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#35115"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 36 a. 3 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
533 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#35116"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 36 a. 3 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
534 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#35117"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 36 a. 3 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
535 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#35118"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 36 a. 3 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
536 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#35119"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 36 a. 4 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
537 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#35120"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 36 a. 4 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
538 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#35121"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 36 a. 4 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
539 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#35122"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 36 a. 4 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
540 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#35123"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 36 a. 4 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
541 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#35124"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 36 a. 4 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
542 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#35125"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 36 a. 4 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
543 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#35126"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 36 a. 4 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
544 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#35127"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 37 pr.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
545 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#35128"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 37 a. 1 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
546 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#35129"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 37 a. 1 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
547 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#35130"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 37 a. 1 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
548 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#35131"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 37 a. 1 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
549 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#35132"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 37 a. 1 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
550 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#35133"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 37 a. 1 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
551 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#35134"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 37 a. 1 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
552 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#35135"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 37 a. 1 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
553 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#35136"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 37 a. 2 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
554 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#35137"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 37 a. 2 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
555 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#35138"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 37 a. 2 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
556 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#35139"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 37 a. 2 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
557 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#35140"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 37 a. 2 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
558 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#35141"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 37 a. 2 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
559 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#35142"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 37 a. 2 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
560 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#35143"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 37 a. 2 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
561 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#35144"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 37 a. 3 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
562 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#35145"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 37 a. 3 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
563 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#35146"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 37 a. 3 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
564 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#35147"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 37 a. 3 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
565 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#35148"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 37 a. 3 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
566 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#35149"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 37 a. 3 ad');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
567 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#35150"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 37 a. 4 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
568 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#35151"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 37 a. 4 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
569 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#35152"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 37 a. 4 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
570 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#35153"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 37 a. 4 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
571 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#35154"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 37 a. 4 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
572 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#35155"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 37 a. 4 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
573 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#35156"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 37 a. 4 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
574 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#35157"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 37 a. 4 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
575 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#35158"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 38 pr.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
576 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#35159"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 38 a. 1 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
577 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#35160"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 38 a. 1 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
578 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#35161"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 38 a. 1 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
579 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#35162"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 38 a. 1 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
580 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#35163"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 38 a. 1 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
581 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#35164"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 38 a. 1 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
582 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#35165"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 38 a. 1 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
583 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#35166"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 38 a. 1 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
584 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#35167"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 38 a. 2 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
585 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#35168"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 38 a. 2 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
586 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#35169"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 38 a. 2 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
587 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#35170"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 38 a. 2 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
588 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#35171"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 38 a. 2 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
589 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#35172"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 38 a. 2 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
590 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#35173"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 38 a. 2 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
591 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#35174"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 38 a. 2 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
592 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#35175"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 38 a. 3 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
593 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#35176"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 38 a. 3 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
594 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#35177"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 38 a. 3 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
595 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#35178"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 38 a. 3 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
596 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#35179"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 38 a. 3 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
597 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#35180"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 38 a. 3 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
598 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#35181"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 38 a. 3 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
599 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#35182"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 38 a. 3 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
600 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#35183"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 38 a. 4 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
601 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#35184"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 38 a. 4 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
602 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#35185"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 38 a. 4 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
603 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#35186"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 38 a. 4 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
604 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#35187"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 38 a. 4 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
605 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#35188"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 38 a. 4 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
606 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#35189"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 38 a. 4 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
607 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#35190"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 38 a. 4 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
608 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#35191"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 38 a. 5 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
609 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#35192"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 38 a. 5 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
610 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#35193"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 38 a. 5 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
611 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#35194"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 38 a. 5 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
612 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#35195"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 38 a. 5 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
613 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#35196"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 38 a. 5 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
614 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#35197"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 38 a. 5 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
615 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#35198"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 38 a. 5 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
616 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#35199"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 39 pr.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
617 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#35200"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 39 a. 1 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
618 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#35201"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 39 a. 1 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
619 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#35202"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 39 a. 1 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
620 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#35203"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 39 a. 1 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
621 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#35204"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 39 a. 1 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
622 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#35205"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 39 a. 1 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
623 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#35206"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 39 a. 1 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
624 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#35207"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 39 a. 2 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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625 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#35208"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 39 a. 2 arg. 2');
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626 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#35209"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 39 a. 2 arg. 3');
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627 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#35210"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 39 a. 2 s. c.');
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628 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#35211"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 39 a. 2 co.');
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629 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#35212"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 39 a. 2 ad 1');
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630 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#35213"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 39 a. 2 ad 2');
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631 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#35214"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 39 a. 2 ad 3');
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632 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#35215"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 39 a. 3 arg. 1');
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633 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#35216"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 39 a. 3 arg. 2');
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634 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#35217"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 39 a. 3 arg. 3');
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635 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#35218"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 39 a. 3 s. c.');
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636 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#35219"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 39 a. 3 co.');
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637 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#35220"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 39 a. 3 ad 1');
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638 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#35221"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 39 a. 3 ad 2');
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639 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#35222"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 39 a. 3 ad 3');
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640 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#35223"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 39 a. 4 arg. 1');
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641 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#35224"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 39 a. 4 arg. 2');
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642 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#35225"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 39 a. 4 arg. 3');
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643 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#35226"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 39 a. 4 s. c.');
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644 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#35227"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 39 a. 4 co.');
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645 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#35228"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 39 a. 4 ad 1');
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646 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#35229"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 39 a. 4 ad 2');
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647 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#35230"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 39 a. 4 ad 3');
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648 document.write('&lt;\/SELECT&gt;');
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649 document.write('&lt;BR&gt;&lt;BR&gt;');
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650 document.write('&lt;INPUT TYPE="button" VALUE="Agedum" ONCLICK="go()"&gt;');
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651 document.write('&lt;\/FORM&gt;');
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652 // --&gt;
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653 //
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654 </script><br/>
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655 <hr/>
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656 <br/></div><div class="q" id="q26"><h2>Quaestio 26</h2><div class="p"><h3>Prooemium</h3><p title="I-II q. 26 pr."><a name="34633"><span class="ref">[34633]
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657 Iª-IIae q. 26 pr.</span></a> Consequenter considerandum est de
28
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658 passionibus animae in speciali. Et primo, de passionibus
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659 concupiscibilis; secundo, de passionibus irascibilis. Prima
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660 consideratio erit tripartita, nam primo considerabimus de amore et
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661 odio; secundo, de concupiscentia et fuga tertio, de delectatione et
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662 tristitia. Circa amorem consideranda sunt tria, primo, de ipso
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663 amore; secundo, de causa amoris; tertio, de effectibus eius. Circa
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664 primum quaeruntur quatuor. Primo, utrum amor sit in concupiscibili.
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665 Secundo, utrum amor sit passio. Tertio, utrum amor sit idem quod
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666 dilectio. Quarto, utrum amor convenienter dividatur in amorem
53
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667 amicitiae et amorem concupiscentiae.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 1</h3><p title="I-II q. 26 a. 1 arg. 1"><a name="34634"><span class="ref">[34634] Iª-IIae q. 26 a. 1 arg. 1</span></a> Ad primum
28
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668 sic proceditur. Videtur quod amor non sit in concupiscibili.
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669 Dicitur enim Sap. VIII, hanc, scilicet sapientiam, amavi et
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670 exquisivi a iuventute mea. Sed concupiscibilis, cum sit pars
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671 appetitus sensitivi, non potest tendere in sapientiam, quae non
53
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672 comprehenditur sensu. Ergo amor non est in concupiscibili.</p><p title="I-II q. 26 a. 1 arg. 2"><a name="34635"><span class="ref">[34635] Iª-IIae q. 26 a. 1 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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673 amor videtur esse idem cuilibet passioni, dicit enim Augustinus, in
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674 XIV de Civ. Dei, <i>amor inhians habere quod amatur, cupiditas est;
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675 id autem habens, eoque fruens, laetitia; fugiens quod ei
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676 adversatur, timor est; idque si acciderit sentiens, tristitia
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677 est</i>. Sed non omnis passio est in concupiscibili; sed timor,
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678 etiam hic enumeratus, est in irascibili. Ergo non est simpliciter
53
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679 dicendum quod amor sit in concupiscibili.</p><p title="I-II q. 26 a. 1 arg. 3"><a name="34636"><span class="ref">[34636] Iª-IIae q. 26 a. 1 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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diff changeset
680 Dionysius, in IV cap. de Div. Nom., ponit quendam amorem naturalem.
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681 Sed amor naturalis magis videtur pertinere ad vires naturales, quae
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682 sunt animae vegetabilis. Ergo amor non simpliciter est in
53
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683 concupiscibili.</p><p title="I-II q. 26 a. 1 s. c."><a name="34637"><span class="ref">[34637] Iª-IIae q. 26 a. 1 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28
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684 est quod philosophus dicit, in II Topic., quod amor est in
53
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685 concupiscibili.</p><p title="I-II q. 26 a. 1 co."><a name="34638"><span class="ref">[34638] Iª-IIae q. 26 a. 1 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
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686 dicendum quod amor est aliquid ad appetitum pertinens, cum
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687 utriusque obiectum sit bonum. Unde secundum differentiam appetitus
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688 est differentia amoris. Est enim quidam appetitus non consequens
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689 apprehensionem ipsius appetentis, sed alterius, et huiusmodi
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690 dicitur appetitus naturalis. Res enim naturales appetunt quod eis
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diff changeset
691 convenit secundum suam naturam, non per apprehensionem propriam,
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diff changeset
692 sed per apprehensionem instituentis naturam, ut in I libro dictum
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693 est. Alius autem est appetitus consequens apprehensionem ipsius
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parents: 26
diff changeset
694 appetentis, sed ex necessitate, non ex iudicio libero. Et talis est
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695 appetitus sensitivus in brutis, qui tamen in hominibus aliquid
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diff changeset
696 libertatis participat, inquantum obedit rationi. Alius autem est
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parents: 26
diff changeset
697 appetitus consequens apprehensionem appetentis secundum liberum
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698 iudicium. Et talis est appetitus rationalis sive intellectivus, qui
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parents: 26
diff changeset
699 dicitur voluntas. In unoquoque autem horum appetituum, amor dicitur
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diff changeset
700 illud quod est principium motus tendentis in finem amatum. In
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diff changeset
701 appetitu autem naturali, principium huiusmodi motus est
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parents: 26
diff changeset
702 connaturalitas appetentis ad id in quod tendit, quae dici potest
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parents: 26
diff changeset
703 amor naturalis, sicut ipsa connaturalitas corporis gravis ad locum
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diff changeset
704 medium est per gravitatem, et potest dici amor naturalis. Et
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diff changeset
705 similiter coaptatio appetitus sensitivi, vel voluntatis, ad aliquod
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parents: 26
diff changeset
706 bonum, idest ipsa complacentia boni, dicitur amor sensitivus, vel
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diff changeset
707 intellectivus seu rationalis. Amor igitur sensitivus est in
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parents: 26
diff changeset
708 appetitu sensitivo, sicut amor intellectivus in appetitu
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parents: 26
diff changeset
709 intellectivo. Et pertinet ad concupiscibilem, quia dicitur per
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710 respectum ad bonum absolute, non per respectum ad arduum, quod est
53
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711 obiectum irascibilis.</p><p title="I-II q. 26 a. 1 ad 1"><a name="34639"><span class="ref">[34639] Iª-IIae q. 26 a. 1 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28
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712 ergo dicendum quod auctoritas illa loquitur de amore intellectivo
53
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diff changeset
713 vel rationali.</p><p title="I-II q. 26 a. 1 ad 2"><a name="34640"><span class="ref">[34640] Iª-IIae q. 26 a. 1 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
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714 dicendum quod amor dicitur esse timor, gaudium, cupiditas et
53
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715 tristitia, non quidem essentialiter, sed causaliter.</p><p title="I-II q. 26 a. 1 ad 3"><a name="34641"><span class="ref">[34641] Iª-IIae q. 26 a. 1 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
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716 dicendum quod amor naturalis non solum est in viribus animae
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717 vegetativae, sed in omnibus potentiis animae, et etiam in omnibus
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718 partibus corporis, et universaliter in omnibus rebus, quia, ut
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diff changeset
719 Dionysius dicit, IV cap. de Div. Nom., <i>omnibus est pulchrum et
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720 bonum amabile</i>; cum unaquaeque res habeat connaturalitatem ad id
53
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721 quod est sibi conveniens secundum suam naturam.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 2</h3><p title="I-II q. 26 a. 2 arg. 1"><a name="34642"><span class="ref">[34642] Iª-IIae q. 26 a. 2 arg. 1</span></a> Ad secundum
28
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722 sic proceditur. Videtur quod amor non sit passio. Nulla enim virtus
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diff changeset
723 passio est. Sed omnis amor est virtus quaedam, ut dicit Dionysius,
53
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724 IV cap. de Div. Nom. Ergo amor non est passio.</p><p title="I-II q. 26 a. 2 arg. 2"><a name="34643"><span class="ref">[34643] Iª-IIae q. 26 a. 2 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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diff changeset
725 amor est unio quaedam vel nexus, secundum Augustinum, in libro de
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diff changeset
726 Trin. Sed unio vel nexus non est passio, sed magis relatio. Ergo
53
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727 amor non est passio.</p><p title="I-II q. 26 a. 2 arg. 3"><a name="34644"><span class="ref">[34644] Iª-IIae q. 26 a. 2 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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diff changeset
728 Damascenus dicit, in II libro, quod passio est motus quidam. Amor
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diff changeset
729 autem non importat motum appetitus, qui est desiderium; sed
53
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diff changeset
730 principium huiusmodi motus. Ergo amor non est passio.</p><p title="I-II q. 26 a. 2 s. c."><a name="34645"><span class="ref">[34645] Iª-IIae q. 26 a. 2 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28
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diff changeset
731 est quod philosophus dicit, in VIII Ethic., quod amor est
53
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diff changeset
732 passio.</p><p title="I-II q. 26 a. 2 co."><a name="34646"><span class="ref">[34646] Iª-IIae q. 26 a. 2 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
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733 dicendum quod passio est effectus agentis in patiente. Agens autem
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734 naturale duplicem effectum inducit in patiens, nam primo quidem dat
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735 formam, secundo autem dat motum consequentem formam; sicut generans
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parents: 26
diff changeset
736 dat corpori gravitatem, et motum consequentem ipsam. Et ipsa
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diff changeset
737 gravitas, quae est principium motus ad locum connaturalem propter
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diff changeset
738 gravitatem, potest quodammodo dici amor naturalis. Sic etiam ipsum
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739 appetibile dat appetitui, primo quidem, quandam coaptationem ad
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740 ipsum, quae est complacentia appetibilis; ex qua sequitur motus ad
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diff changeset
741 appetibile. Nam appetitivus motus circulo agitur, ut dicitur in III
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diff changeset
742 de anima, appetibile enim movet appetitum, faciens se quodammodo in
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diff changeset
743 eius intentione; et appetitus tendit in appetibile realiter
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diff changeset
744 consequendum, ut sit ibi finis motus, ubi fuit principium. Prima
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745 ergo immutatio appetitus ab appetibili vocatur amor, qui nihil est
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746 aliud quam complacentia appetibilis; et ex hac complacentia
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parents: 26
diff changeset
747 sequitur motus in appetibile, qui est desiderium; et ultimo quies,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
748 quae est gaudium. Sic ergo, cum amor consistat in quadam
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parents: 26
diff changeset
749 immutatione appetitus ab appetibili, manifestum est quod amor et
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parents: 26
diff changeset
750 passio, proprie quidem, secundum quod est in concupiscibili;
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751 communiter autem, et extenso nomine, secundum quod est in
53
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752 voluntate.</p><p title="I-II q. 26 a. 2 ad 1"><a name="34647"><span class="ref">[34647] Iª-IIae q. 26 a. 2 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28
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753 ergo dicendum quod, quia virtus significat principium motus vel
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754 actionis, ideo amor, inquantum est principium appetitivi motus, a
53
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755 Dionysio vocatur virtus.</p><p title="I-II q. 26 a. 2 ad 2"><a name="34648"><span class="ref">[34648] Iª-IIae q. 26 a. 2 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
756 dicendum quod unio pertinet ad amorem, inquantum per complacentiam
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diff changeset
757 appetitus amans se habet ad id quod amat, sicut ad seipsum, vel ad
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parents: 26
diff changeset
758 aliquid sui. Et sic patet quod amor non est ipsa relatio unionis,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
759 sed unio est consequens amorem. Unde et Dionysius dicit quod amor
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760 est virtus unitiva, et philosophus dicit, in II Polit., quod unio
53
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diff changeset
761 est opus amoris.</p><p title="I-II q. 26 a. 2 ad 3"><a name="34649"><span class="ref">[34649] Iª-IIae q. 26 a. 2 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
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diff changeset
762 dicendum quod amor, etsi non nominet motum appetitus tendentem in
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parents: 26
diff changeset
763 appetibile, nominat tamen motum appetitus quo immutatur ab
53
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764 appetibili, ut ei appetibile complaceat.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 3</h3><p title="I-II q. 26 a. 3 arg. 1"><a name="34650"><span class="ref">[34650] Iª-IIae q. 26 a. 3 arg. 1</span></a> Ad tertium
28
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765 sic proceditur. Videtur quod amor sit idem quod dilectio. Dionysius
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parents: 26
diff changeset
766 enim, IV cap. de Div. Nom., dicit quod hoc modo se habent amor et
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diff changeset
767 dilectio, <i>sicut quatuor et bis duo, rectilineum et habens rectas
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diff changeset
768 lineas</i>. Sed ista significant idem. Ergo amor et dilectio
53
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diff changeset
769 significant idem.</p><p title="I-II q. 26 a. 3 arg. 2"><a name="34651"><span class="ref">[34651] Iª-IIae q. 26 a. 3 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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diff changeset
770 appetitivi motus secundum obiecta differunt. Sed idem est obiectum
53
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diff changeset
771 dilectionis et amoris. Ergo sunt idem.</p><p title="I-II q. 26 a. 3 arg. 3"><a name="34652"><span class="ref">[34652] Iª-IIae q. 26 a. 3 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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diff changeset
772 si dilectio et amor in aliquo differunt, maxime in hoc differre
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parents: 26
diff changeset
773 videntur, quod dilectio sit in bono accipienda, amor autem in malo,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
774 ut quidam dixerunt, secundum quod Augustinus narrat, in XIV de Civ.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
775 Dei. Sed hoc modo non differunt, quia, ut ibidem Augustinus dicit,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
776 in sacris Scripturis utrumque accipitur in bono et in malo. Ergo
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parents: 26
diff changeset
777 amor et dilectio non differunt; sicut ipse Augustinus ibidem
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diff changeset
778 concludit quod <i>non est aliud amorem dicere, et aliud dilectionem
53
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diff changeset
779 dicere</i>.</p><p title="I-II q. 26 a. 3 s. c."><a name="34653"><span class="ref">[34653] Iª-IIae q. 26 a. 3 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28
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diff changeset
780 est quod Dionysius dicit, IV cap. de Div. Nom., quod <i>quibusdam
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diff changeset
781 sanctorum visum est divinius esse nomen amoris quam nomen
53
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diff changeset
782 dilectionis</i>.</p><p title="I-II q. 26 a. 3 co."><a name="34654"><span class="ref">[34654] Iª-IIae q. 26 a. 3 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
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diff changeset
783 dicendum quod quatuor nomina inveniuntur ad idem quodammodo
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diff changeset
784 pertinentia, scilicet amor, dilectio, caritas et amicitia.
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diff changeset
785 Differunt tamen in hoc, quod amicitia, secundum philosophum in VIII
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parents: 26
diff changeset
786 Ethic., est quasi habitus; amor autem et dilectio significantur per
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diff changeset
787 modum actus vel passionis; caritas autem utroque modo accipi
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parents: 26
diff changeset
788 potest. Differenter tamen significatur actus per ista tria. Nam
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parents: 26
diff changeset
789 amor communius est inter ea, omnis enim dilectio vel caritas est
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diff changeset
790 amor, sed non e converso. Addit enim dilectio supra amorem,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
791 electionem praecedentem, ut ipsum nomen sonat. Unde dilectio non
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parents: 26
diff changeset
792 est in concupiscibili, sed in voluntate tantum, et est in sola
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parents: 26
diff changeset
793 rationali natura. Caritas autem addit supra amorem, perfectionem
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diff changeset
794 quandam amoris, inquantum id quod amatur magni pretii aestimatur,
53
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diff changeset
795 ut ipsum nomen designat.</p><p title="I-II q. 26 a. 3 ad 1"><a name="34655"><span class="ref">[34655] Iª-IIae q. 26 a. 3 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28
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diff changeset
796 ergo dicendum quod Dionysius loquitur de amore et dilectione,
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diff changeset
797 secundum quod sunt in appetitu intellectivo, sic enim amor idem est
53
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diff changeset
798 quod dilectio.</p><p title="I-II q. 26 a. 3 ad 2"><a name="34656"><span class="ref">[34656] Iª-IIae q. 26 a. 3 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
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diff changeset
799 dicendum quod obiectum amoris est communius quam obiectum
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diff changeset
800 dilectionis, quia ad plura se extendit amor quam dilectio, sicut
53
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diff changeset
801 dictum est.</p><p title="I-II q. 26 a. 3 ad 3"><a name="34657"><span class="ref">[34657] Iª-IIae q. 26 a. 3 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
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diff changeset
802 dicendum quod non differunt amor et dilectio secundum differentiam
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parents: 26
diff changeset
803 boni et mali, sed sicut dictum est. In parte tamen intellectiva
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diff changeset
804 idem est amor et dilectio. Et sic loquitur ibi Augustinus de amore,
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diff changeset
805 unde parum post subdit quod <i>recta voluntas est bonus amor, et
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parents: 26
diff changeset
806 perversa voluntas est malus amor</i>. Quia tamen amor, qui est
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parents: 26
diff changeset
807 passio concupiscibilis, plurimos inclinat ad malum, inde habuerunt
53
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diff changeset
808 occasionem qui praedictam differentiam assignaverunt.</p><p title="I-II q. 26 a. 3 ad 4"><a name="34658"><span class="ref">[34658] Iª-IIae q. 26 a. 3 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
28
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diff changeset
809 dicendum quod ideo aliqui posuerunt, etiam in ipsa voluntate, nomen
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diff changeset
810 amoris esse divinius nomine dilectionis, quia amor importat quandam
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parents: 26
diff changeset
811 passionem, praecipue secundum quod est in appetitu sensitivo;
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diff changeset
812 dilectio autem praesupponit iudicium rationis. Magis autem homo in
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parents: 26
diff changeset
813 Deum tendere potest per amorem, passive quodammodo ab ipso Deo
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diff changeset
814 attractus, quam ad hoc eum propria ratio ducere possit, quod
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diff changeset
815 pertinet ad rationem dilectionis, ut dictum est. Et propter hoc,
53
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816 divinius est amor quam dilectio.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 4</h3><p title="I-II q. 26 a. 4 arg. 1"><a name="34659"><span class="ref">[34659] Iª-IIae q. 26 a. 4 arg. 1</span></a> Ad quartum
28
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diff changeset
817 sic proceditur. Videtur quod amor inconvenienter dividatur in
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parents: 26
diff changeset
818 amorem amicitiae et concupiscentiae. Amor enim est passio, amicitia
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parents: 26
diff changeset
819 vero est habitus, ut dicit philosophus, in VIII Ethic. Sed habitus
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diff changeset
820 non potest esse pars divisiva passionis. Ergo amor non convenienter
53
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diff changeset
821 dividitur per amorem concupiscentiae et amorem amicitiae.</p><p title="I-II q. 26 a. 4 arg. 2"><a name="34660"><span class="ref">[34660] Iª-IIae q. 26 a. 4 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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diff changeset
822 nihil dividitur per id quod ei connumeratur, non enim homo
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diff changeset
823 connumeratur animali. Sed concupiscentia connumeratur amori, sicut
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diff changeset
824 alia passio ab amore. Ergo amor non potest dividi per
53
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diff changeset
825 concupiscentiam.</p><p title="I-II q. 26 a. 4 arg. 3"><a name="34661"><span class="ref">[34661] Iª-IIae q. 26 a. 4 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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diff changeset
826 secundum philosophum, in VIII Ethic., triplex est amicitia, utilis,
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diff changeset
827 delectabilis et honesta. Sed amicitia utilis et delectabilis habet
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diff changeset
828 concupiscentiam. Ergo concupiscentia non debet dividi contra
53
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diff changeset
829 amicitiam.</p><p title="I-II q. 26 a. 4 s. c."><a name="34662"><span class="ref">[34662] Iª-IIae q. 26 a. 4 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra,
28
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diff changeset
830 quaedam dicimur amare quia ea concupiscimus, sicut <i>dicitur
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diff changeset
831 aliquis amare vinum propter dulce quod in eo concupiscit</i>, ut
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parents: 26
diff changeset
832 dicitur in II Topic. Sed ad vinum, et ad huiusmodi, non habemus
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diff changeset
833 amicitiam, ut dicitur in VIII Ethic. Ergo alius est amor
53
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diff changeset
834 concupiscentiae, et alius est amor amicitiae.</p><p title="I-II q. 26 a. 4 co."><a name="34663"><span class="ref">[34663] Iª-IIae q. 26 a. 4 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
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diff changeset
835 dicendum quod, sicut philosophus dicit in II Rhetoric., amare est
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diff changeset
836 velle alicui bonum. Sic ergo motus amoris in duo tendit, scilicet
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diff changeset
837 in bonum quod quis vult alicui, vel sibi vel alii; et in illud cui
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diff changeset
838 vult bonum. Ad illud ergo bonum quod quis vult alteri, habetur amor
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parents: 26
diff changeset
839 concupiscentiae, ad illud autem cui aliquis vult bonum, habetur
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diff changeset
840 amor amicitiae. Haec autem divisio est secundum prius et posterius.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
841 Nam id quod amatur amore amicitiae, simpliciter et per se amatur,
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diff changeset
842 quod autem amatur amore concupiscentiae, non simpliciter et
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diff changeset
843 secundum se amatur, sed amatur alteri. Sicut enim ens simpliciter
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diff changeset
844 est quod habet esse, ens autem secundum quid quod est in alio; ita
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diff changeset
845 bonum, quod convertitur cum ente, simpliciter quidem est quod ipsum
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diff changeset
846 habet bonitatem; quod autem est bonum alterius, est bonum secundum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
847 quid. Et per consequens amor quo amatur aliquid ut ei sit bonum,
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diff changeset
848 est amor simpliciter, amor autem quo amatur aliquid ut sit bonum
53
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diff changeset
849 alterius, est amor secundum quid.</p><p title="I-II q. 26 a. 4 ad 1"><a name="34664"><span class="ref">[34664] Iª-IIae q. 26 a. 4 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28
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diff changeset
850 ergo dicendum quod amor non dividitur per amicitiam et
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diff changeset
851 concupiscentiam, sed per amorem amicitiae et concupiscentiae. Nam
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diff changeset
852 ille proprie dicitur amicus, cui aliquod bonum volumus, illud autem
53
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diff changeset
853 dicimur concupiscere, quod volumus nobis.</p><p title="I-II q. 26 a. 4 ad 2"><a name="34665"><span class="ref">[34665] Iª-IIae q. 26 a. 4 ad 2</span></a> Et per hoc
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diff changeset
854 patet solutio ad secundum.</p><p title="I-II q. 26 a. 4 ad 3"><a name="34666"><span class="ref">[34666] Iª-IIae q. 26 a. 4 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
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diff changeset
855 dicendum quod in amicitia utilis et delectabilis, vult quidem
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diff changeset
856 aliquis aliquod bonum amico, et quantum ad hoc salvatur ibi ratio
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parents: 26
diff changeset
857 amicitiae. Sed quia illud bonum refert ulterius ad suam
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parents: 26
diff changeset
858 delectationem vel utilitatem, inde est quod amicitia utilis et
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diff changeset
859 delectabilis, inquantum trahitur ad amorem concupiscentiae, deficit
53
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diff changeset
860 a ratione verae amicitiae.</p></div></div><div class="q" id="q27"><h2>Quaestio 27</h2><div class="p"><h3>Prooemium</h3><p title="I-II q. 27 pr."><a name="34667"><span class="ref">[34667]
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diff changeset
861 Iª-IIae q. 27 pr.</span></a> Deinde considerandum est de causa
28
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diff changeset
862 amoris. Et circa hoc quaeruntur quatuor. Primo, utrum bonum sit
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parents: 26
diff changeset
863 sola causa amoris. Secundo, utrum cognitio sit causa amoris.
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diff changeset
864 Tertio, utrum similitudo. Quarto, utrum aliqua alia animae
53
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diff changeset
865 passionum.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 1</h3><p title="I-II q. 27 a. 1 arg. 1"><a name="34668"><span class="ref">[34668] Iª-IIae q. 27 a. 1 arg. 1</span></a> Ad primum
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
866 sic proceditur. Videtur quod non solum bonum sit causa amoris.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
867 Bonum enim non est causa amoris, nisi quia amatur. Sed contingit
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parents: 26
diff changeset
868 etiam malum amari, secundum illud Psalmi X, <i>qui diligit
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parents: 26
diff changeset
869 iniquitatem, odit animam suam</i>, alioquin omnis amor esset bonus.
53
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diff changeset
870 Ergo non solum bonum est causa amoris.</p><p title="I-II q. 27 a. 1 arg. 2"><a name="34669"><span class="ref">[34669] Iª-IIae q. 27 a. 1 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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diff changeset
871 philosophus dicit, in II Rhetoric., quod <i>eos qui mala sua
53
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diff changeset
872 dicunt, amamus</i>. Ergo videtur quod malum sit causa amoris.</p><p title="I-II q. 27 a. 1 arg. 3"><a name="34670"><span class="ref">[34670] Iª-IIae q. 27 a. 1 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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diff changeset
873 Dionysius dicit, IV cap. de Div. Nom., quod non solum bonum, sed
53
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diff changeset
874 etiam pulchrum est omnibus amabile.</p><p title="I-II q. 27 a. 1 s. c."><a name="34671"><span class="ref">[34671] Iª-IIae q. 27 a. 1 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
875 est quod Augustinus dicit, VIII de Trin., <i>non amatur certe nisi
53
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diff changeset
876 bonum</i>. Solum igitur bonum est causa amoris.</p><p title="I-II q. 27 a. 1 co."><a name="34672"><span class="ref">[34672] Iª-IIae q. 27 a. 1 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
877 dicendum quod, sicut supra dictum est, amor ad appetitivam
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parents: 26
diff changeset
878 potentiam pertinet, quae est vis passiva. Unde obiectum eius
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parents: 26
diff changeset
879 comparatur ad ipsam sicut causa motus vel actus ipsius. Oportet
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parents: 26
diff changeset
880 igitur ut illud sit proprie causa amoris quod est amoris obiectum.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
881 Amoris autem proprium obiectum est bonum, quia, ut dictum est, amor
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parents: 26
diff changeset
882 importat quandam connaturalitatem vel complacentiam amantis ad
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parents: 26
diff changeset
883 amatum; unicuique autem est bonum id quod est sibi connaturale et
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diff changeset
884 proportionatum. Unde relinquitur quod bonum sit propria causa
53
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diff changeset
885 amoris.</p><p title="I-II q. 27 a. 1 ad 1"><a name="34673"><span class="ref">[34673] Iª-IIae q. 27 a. 1 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28
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diff changeset
886 ergo dicendum quod malum nunquam amatur nisi sub ratione boni,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
887 scilicet inquantum est secundum quid bonum, et apprehenditur ut
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parents: 26
diff changeset
888 simpliciter bonum. Et sic aliquis amor est malus, inquantum tendit
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parents: 26
diff changeset
889 in id quod non est simpliciter verum bonum. Et per hunc modum homo
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parents: 26
diff changeset
890 diligit iniquitatem, inquantum per iniquitatem adipiscitur aliquod
53
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diff changeset
891 bonum, puta delectationem vel pecuniam vel aliquid huiusmodi.</p><p title="I-II q. 27 a. 1 ad 2"><a name="34674"><span class="ref">[34674] Iª-IIae q. 27 a. 1 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
892 dicendum quod illi qui mala sua dicunt, non propter mala amantur,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
893 sed propter hoc quod dicunt mala, hoc enim quod est dicere mala
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parents: 26
diff changeset
894 sua, habet rationem boni, inquantum excludit fictionem seu
53
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diff changeset
895 simulationem.</p><p title="I-II q. 27 a. 1 ad 3"><a name="34675"><span class="ref">[34675] Iª-IIae q. 27 a. 1 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
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diff changeset
896 dicendum quod pulchrum est idem bono, sola ratione differens. Cum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
897 enim bonum sit quod omnia appetunt, de ratione boni est quod in eo
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parents: 26
diff changeset
898 quietetur appetitus, sed ad rationem pulchri pertinet quod in eius
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parents: 26
diff changeset
899 aspectu seu cognitione quietetur appetitus. Unde et illi sensus
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parents: 26
diff changeset
900 praecipue respiciunt pulchrum, qui maxime cognoscitivi sunt,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
901 scilicet visus et auditus rationi deservientes, dicimus enim
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parents: 26
diff changeset
902 pulchra visibilia et pulchros sonos. In sensibilibus autem aliorum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
903 sensuum, non utimur nomine pulchritudinis, non enim dicimus
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parents: 26
diff changeset
904 pulchros sapores aut odores. Et sic patet quod pulchrum addit supra
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parents: 26
diff changeset
905 bonum, quendam ordinem ad vim cognoscitivam, ita quod bonum dicatur
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parents: 26
diff changeset
906 id quod simpliciter complacet appetitui; pulchrum autem dicatur id
53
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diff changeset
907 cuius ipsa apprehensio placet.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 2</h3><p title="I-II q. 27 a. 2 arg. 1"><a name="34676"><span class="ref">[34676] Iª-IIae q. 27 a. 2 arg. 1</span></a> Ad secundum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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diff changeset
908 sic proceditur. Videtur quod cognitio non sit causa amoris. Quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
909 enim aliquid quaeratur, hoc contingit ex amore. Sed aliqua
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
910 quaeruntur quae nesciuntur, sicut scientiae, cum enim in his idem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
911 sit eas habere quod eas nosse, ut Augustinus dicit in libro
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
912 octoginta trium quaest., si cognoscerentur, haberentur, et non
53
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diff changeset
913 quaererentur. Ergo cognitio non est causa amoris.</p><p title="I-II q. 27 a. 2 arg. 2"><a name="34677"><span class="ref">[34677] Iª-IIae q. 27 a. 2 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
914 eiusdem rationis videtur esse quod aliquid incognitum ametur, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
915 quod aliquid ametur plus quam cognoscatur. Sed aliqua amantur plus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
916 quam cognoscantur, sicut Deus, qui in hac vita potest per seipsum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
917 amari, non autem per seipsum cognosci. Ergo cognitio non est causa
53
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parents: 28
diff changeset
918 amoris.</p><p title="I-II q. 27 a. 2 arg. 3"><a name="34678"><span class="ref">[34678] Iª-IIae q. 27 a. 2 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
919 si cognitio esset causa amoris, non posset inveniri amor ubi non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
920 est cognitio. Sed in omnibus rebus invenitur amor, ut dicit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
921 Dionysius in IV cap. de Div. Nom., non autem in omnibus invenitur
53
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diff changeset
922 cognitio. Ergo cognitio non est causa amoris.</p><p title="I-II q. 27 a. 2 s. c."><a name="34679"><span class="ref">[34679] Iª-IIae q. 27 a. 2 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
923 est quod Augustinus probat, in X de Trin., quod <i>nullus potest
53
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parents: 28
diff changeset
924 amare aliquid incognitum</i>.</p><p title="I-II q. 27 a. 2 co."><a name="34680"><span class="ref">[34680] Iª-IIae q. 27 a. 2 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
925 dicendum quod, sicut dictum est, bonum est causa amoris per modum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
926 obiecti. Bonum autem non est obiectum appetitus, nisi prout est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
927 apprehensum. Et ideo amor requirit aliquam apprehensionem boni quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
928 amatur. Et propter hoc philosophus dicit, IX Ethic., quod visio
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
929 corporalis est principium amoris sensitivi. Et similiter
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
930 contemplatio spiritualis pulchritudinis vel bonitatis, est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
931 principium amoris spiritualis. Sic igitur cognitio est causa
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
932 amoris, ea ratione qua et bonum, quod non potest amari nisi
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
933 cognitum.</p><p title="I-II q. 27 a. 2 ad 1"><a name="34681"><span class="ref">[34681] Iª-IIae q. 27 a. 2 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
934 ergo dicendum quod ille qui quaerit scientiam, non omnino ignorat
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
935 eam, sed secundum aliquid eam praecognoscit, vel in universali, vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
936 in aliquo eius effectu, vel per hoc quod audit eam laudari, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
937 Augustinus dicit, X de Trin. Sic autem eam cognoscere non est eam
53
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diff changeset
938 habere; sed cognoscere eam perfecte.</p><p title="I-II q. 27 a. 2 ad 2"><a name="34682"><span class="ref">[34682] Iª-IIae q. 27 a. 2 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
939 dicendum quod aliquid requiritur ad perfectionem cognitionis, quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
940 non requiritur ad perfectionem amoris. Cognitio enim ad rationem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
941 pertinet, cuius est distinguere inter ea quae secundum rem sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
942 coniuncta, et componere quodammodo ea quae sunt diversa, unum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
943 alteri comparando. Et ideo ad perfectionem cognitionis requiritur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
944 quod homo cognoscat singillatim quidquid est in re, sicut partes et
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
945 virtutes et proprietates. Sed amor est in vi appetitiva, quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
946 respicit rem secundum quod in se est. Unde ad perfectionem amoris
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
947 sufficit quod res prout in se apprehenditur, ametur. Ob hoc ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
948 contingit quod aliquid plus amatur quam cognoscatur, quia potest
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
949 perfecte amari, etiam si non perfecte cognoscatur. Sicut maxime
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
950 patet in scientiis, quas aliqui amant propter aliquam summariam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
951 cognitionem quam de eis habent, puta quod sciunt rhetoricam esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
952 scientiam per quam homo potest persuadere, et hoc in rhetorica
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
953 amant. Et similiter est dicendum circa amorem Dei.</p><p title="I-II q. 27 a. 2 ad 3"><a name="34683"><span class="ref">[34683] Iª-IIae q. 27 a. 2 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
954 dicendum quod etiam amor naturalis, qui est in omnibus rebus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
955 causatur ex aliqua cognitione, non quidem in ipsis rebus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
956 naturalibus existente, sed in eo qui naturam instituit, ut supra
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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diff changeset
957 dictum est.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 3</h3><p title="I-II q. 27 a. 3 arg. 1"><a name="34684"><span class="ref">[34684] Iª-IIae q. 27 a. 3 arg. 1</span></a> Ad tertium
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
958 sic proceditur. Videtur quod similitudo non sit causa amoris. Idem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
959 enim non est causa contrariorum. Sed similitudo est causa odii,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
960 dicitur enim Prov. XIII, quod <i>inter superbos semper sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
961 iurgia</i>; et philosophus dicit, in VIII Ethic., quod figuli
53
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parents: 28
diff changeset
962 corrixantur ad invicem. Ergo similitudo non est causa amoris.</p><p title="I-II q. 27 a. 3 arg. 2"><a name="34685"><span class="ref">[34685] Iª-IIae q. 27 a. 3 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
963 Augustinus dicit, in IV Confess., quod <i>aliquis amat in alio quod
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parents: 26
diff changeset
964 esse non vellet, sicut homo amat histrionem, qui non vellet esse
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parents: 26
diff changeset
965 histrio</i>. Hoc autem non contingeret, si similitudo esset propria
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
966 causa amoris, sic enim homo amaret in altero quod ipse haberet, vel
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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diff changeset
967 vellet habere. Ergo similitudo non est causa amoris.</p><p title="I-II q. 27 a. 3 arg. 3"><a name="34686"><span class="ref">[34686] Iª-IIae q. 27 a. 3 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
968 quilibet homo amat id quo indiget, etiam si illud non habeat, sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
969 infirmus amat sanitatem, et pauper amat divitias. Sed inquantum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
970 indiget et caret eis, habet dissimilitudinem ad ipsa. Ergo non
53
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diff changeset
971 solum similitudo, sed etiam dissimilitudo est causa amoris.</p><p title="I-II q. 27 a. 3 arg. 4"><a name="34687"><span class="ref">[34687] Iª-IIae q. 27 a. 3 arg. 4</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
972 philosophus dicit, in II Rhetoric., quod <i>beneficos in pecunias
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
973 et salutem amamus, et similiter eos qui circa mortuos servant
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
974 amicitiam, omnes diligunt</i>. Non autem omnes sunt tales. Ergo
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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diff changeset
975 similitudo non est causa amoris.</p><p title="I-II q. 27 a. 3 s. c."><a name="34688"><span class="ref">[34688] Iª-IIae q. 27 a. 3 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28
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diff changeset
976 est quod dicitur Eccli. XIII, <i>omne animal diligit simile
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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diff changeset
977 sibi</i>.</p><p title="I-II q. 27 a. 3 co."><a name="34689"><span class="ref">[34689] Iª-IIae q. 27 a. 3 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
978 dicendum quod similitudo, proprie loquendo, est causa amoris. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
979 considerandum est quod similitudo inter aliqua potest attendi
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
980 dupliciter. Uno modo, ex hoc quod utrumque habet idem in actu,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
981 sicut duo habentes albedinem, dicuntur similes. Alio modo, ex hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
982 quod unum habet in potentia et in quadam inclinatione, illud quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
983 aliud habet in actu, sicut si dicamus quod corpus grave existens
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
984 extra suum locum, habet similitudinem cum corpore gravi in suo loco
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
985 existenti. Vel etiam secundum quod potentia habet similitudinem ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
986 actum ipsum, nam in ipsa potentia quodammodo est actus. Primus ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
987 similitudinis modus causat amorem amicitiae, seu benevolentiae. Ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
988 hoc enim quod aliqui duo sunt similes, quasi habentes unam formam,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
989 sunt quodammodo unum in forma illa, sicut duo homines sunt unum in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
990 specie humanitatis, et duo albi in albedine. Et ideo affectus unius
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
991 tendit in alterum, sicut in unum sibi; et vult ei bonum sicut et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
992 sibi. Sed secundus modus similitudinis causat amorem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
993 concupiscentiae, vel amicitiam utilis seu delectabilis. Quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
994 unicuique existenti in potentia, inquantum huiusmodi, inest
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
995 appetitus sui actus, et in eius consecutione delectatur, si sit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
996 sentiens et cognoscens. Dictum est autem supra quod in amore
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
997 concupiscentiae amans proprie amat seipsum, cum vult illud bonum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
998 quod concupiscit. Magis autem unusquisque seipsum amat quam alium,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
999 quia sibi unus est in substantia, alteri vero in similitudine
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1000 alicuius formae. Et ideo si ex eo quod est sibi similis in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1001 participatione formae, impediatur ipsemet a consecutione boni quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1002 amat; efficitur ei odiosus, non inquantum est similis, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1003 inquantum est proprii boni impeditivus. Et propter hoc figuli
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1004 corrixantur ad invicem, quia se invicem impediunt in proprio lucro,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1005 et inter superbos sunt iurgia, quia se invicem impediunt in propria
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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diff changeset
1006 excellentia, quam concupiscunt.</p><p title="I-II q. 27 a. 3 ad 1"><a name="34690"><span class="ref">[34690] Iª-IIae q. 27 a. 3 ad 1</span></a> Et per hoc
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
1007 patet responsio ad primum.</p><p title="I-II q. 27 a. 3 ad 2"><a name="34691"><span class="ref">[34691] Iª-IIae q. 27 a. 3 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1008 dicendum quod in hoc etiam quod aliquis in altero amat quod in se
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1009 non amat, invenitur ratio similitudinis secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1010 proportionalitatem, nam sicut se habet alius ad hoc quod in eo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1011 amatur, ita ipse se habet ad hoc quod in se amat. Puta si bonus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1012 cantor bonum amet scriptorem, attenditur ibi similitudo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1013 proportionis, secundum quod uterque habet quod convenit ei secundum
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
1014 suam artem.</p><p title="I-II q. 27 a. 3 ad 3"><a name="34692"><span class="ref">[34692] Iª-IIae q. 27 a. 3 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
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diff changeset
1015 dicendum quod ille qui amat hoc quo indiget, habet similitudinem ad
53
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diff changeset
1016 id quod amat sicut quod est potentia ad actum, ut dictum est.</p><p title="I-II q. 27 a. 3 ad 4"><a name="34693"><span class="ref">[34693] Iª-IIae q. 27 a. 3 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1017 dicendum quod secundum eandem similitudinem potentiae ad actum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1018 ille qui non est liberalis, amat eum qui est liberalis, inquantum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1019 expectat ab eo aliquid quod desiderat. Et eadem ratio est de
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1020 perseverante in amicitia ad eum qui non perseverat. Utrobique enim
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1021 videtur esse amicitia propter utilitatem. Vel dicendum quod, licet
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1022 non omnes homines habeant huiusmodi virtutes secundum habitum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1023 completum, habent tamen ea secundum quaedam seminalia rationis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1024 secundum quae, qui non habet virtutem, diligit virtuosum, tanquam
53
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diff changeset
1025 suae naturali rationi conformem.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 4</h3><p title="I-II q. 27 a. 4 arg. 1"><a name="34694"><span class="ref">[34694] Iª-IIae q. 27 a. 4 arg. 1</span></a> Ad quartum
28
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diff changeset
1026 sic proceditur. Videtur quod aliqua alia passio possit esse causa
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1027 amoris. Dicit enim philosophus, in VIII Ethic., quod aliqui amantur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1028 propter delectationem. Sed delectatio est passio quaedam. Ergo
53
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diff changeset
1029 aliqua alia passio est causa amoris.</p><p title="I-II q. 27 a. 4 arg. 2"><a name="34695"><span class="ref">[34695] Iª-IIae q. 27 a. 4 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1030 desiderium quaedam passio est. Sed aliquos amamus propter
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1031 desiderium alicuius quod ab eis expectamus, sicut apparet in omni
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1032 amicitia quae est propter utilitatem. Ergo aliqua alia passio est
53
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diff changeset
1033 causa amoris.</p><p title="I-II q. 27 a. 4 arg. 3"><a name="34696"><span class="ref">[34696] Iª-IIae q. 27 a. 4 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1034 Augustinus dicit, in X de Trin., <i>cuius rei adipiscendae spem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1035 quisque non gerit, aut tepide amat, aut omnino non amat, quamvis
53
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parents: 28
diff changeset
1036 quam pulchra sit videat</i>. Ergo spes etiam est causa amoris.</p><p title="I-II q. 27 a. 4 s. c."><a name="34697"><span class="ref">[34697] Iª-IIae q. 27 a. 4 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1037 est quod omnes aliae affectiones animi ex amore causantur, ut
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
1038 Augustinus dicit, XIV de Civ. Dei.</p><p title="I-II q. 27 a. 4 co."><a name="34698"><span class="ref">[34698] Iª-IIae q. 27 a. 4 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1039 dicendum quod nulla alia passio animae est quae non praesupponat
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1040 aliquem amorem. Cuius ratio est quia omnis alia passio animae vel
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1041 importat motum ad aliquid, vel quietem in aliquo. Omnis autem motus
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1042 in aliquid, vel quies in aliquo, ex aliqua connaturalitate vel
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1043 coaptatione procedit, quae pertinet ad rationem amoris. Unde
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1044 impossibile est quod aliqua alia passio animae sit causa
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1045 universaliter omnis amoris. Contingit tamen aliquam aliam passionem
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1046 esse causam amoris alicuius, sicut etiam unum bonum est causa
53
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diff changeset
1047 alterius.</p><p title="I-II q. 27 a. 4 ad 1"><a name="34699"><span class="ref">[34699] Iª-IIae q. 27 a. 4 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1048 ergo dicendum quod, cum aliquis amat aliquid propter delectationem,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1049 amor quidem ille causatur ex delectatione, sed delectatio illa
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1050 iterum causatur ex alio amore praecedente; nullus enim delectatur
53
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diff changeset
1051 nisi in re aliquo modo amata.</p><p title="I-II q. 27 a. 4 ad 2"><a name="34700"><span class="ref">[34700] Iª-IIae q. 27 a. 4 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1052 dicendum quod desiderium rei alicuius semper praesupponit amorem
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1053 illius rei. Sed desiderium alicuius rei potest esse causa ut res
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1054 alia ametur, sicut qui desiderat pecuniam, amat propter hoc eum a
53
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diff changeset
1055 quo pecuniam recipit.</p><p title="I-II q. 27 a. 4 ad 3"><a name="34701"><span class="ref">[34701] Iª-IIae q. 27 a. 4 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1056 dicendum quod spes causat vel auget amorem, et ratione
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1057 delectationis, quia delectationem causat, et etiam ratione
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1058 desiderii, quia spes desiderium fortificat, non enim ita intense
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1059 desideramus quae non speramus. Sed tamen et ipsa spes est alicuius
53
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diff changeset
1060 boni amati.</p></div></div><div class="q" id="q28"><h2>Quaestio 28</h2><div class="p"><h3>Prooemium</h3><p title="I-II q. 28 pr."><a name="34702"><span class="ref">[34702]
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parents: 28
diff changeset
1061 Iª-IIae q. 28 pr.</span></a> Deinde considerandum est de
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1062 effectibus amoris. Et circa hoc quaeruntur sex. Primo, utrum unio
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1063 sit effectus amoris. Secundo, utrum mutua inhaesio. Tertio, utrum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1064 extasis sit effectus amoris. Quarto, utrum zelus. Quinto, utrum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1065 amor sit passio laesiva amantis. Sexto, utrum amor sit causa omnium
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
1066 quae amans agit.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 1</h3><p title="I-II q. 28 a. 1 arg. 1"><a name="34703"><span class="ref">[34703] Iª-IIae q. 28 a. 1 arg. 1</span></a> Ad primum
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1067 sic proceditur. Videtur quod unio non sit effectus amoris. Absentia
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1068 enim unioni repugnat. Sed amor compatitur secum absentiam, dicit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1069 enim apostolus, ad Galat. IV, <i>bonum aemulamini in bono
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1070 semper</i> (loquens de seipso, ut Glossa dicit), <i>et non tantum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1071 cum praesens sum apud vos</i>. Ergo unio non est effectus
53
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parents: 28
diff changeset
1072 amoris.</p><p title="I-II q. 28 a. 1 arg. 2"><a name="34704"><span class="ref">[34704] Iª-IIae q. 28 a. 1 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1073 omnis unio aut est per essentiam, sicut forma unitur materiae, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1074 accidens subiecto, et pars toti vel alteri parti ad constitutionem
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1075 totius, aut est per similitudinem vel generis, vel speciei, vel
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1076 accidentis. Sed amor non causat unionem essentiae, alioquin nunquam
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1077 haberetur amor ad ea quae sunt per essentiam divisa. Unionem autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1078 quae est per similitudinem, amor non causat, sed magis ab ea
53
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parents: 28
diff changeset
1079 causatur. Ut dictum est. Ergo unio non est effectus amoris.</p><p title="I-II q. 28 a. 1 arg. 3"><a name="34705"><span class="ref">[34705] Iª-IIae q. 28 a. 1 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1080 sensus in actu fit sensibile in actu, et intellectus in actu fit
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1081 intellectum in actu. Non autem amans in actu fit amatum in actu.
53
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diff changeset
1082 Ergo unio magis est effectus cognitionis quam amoris.</p><p title="I-II q. 28 a. 1 s. c."><a name="34706"><span class="ref">[34706] Iª-IIae q. 28 a. 1 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28
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diff changeset
1083 est quod dicit Dionysius, IV cap. de Div. Nom., quod amor quilibet
53
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diff changeset
1084 est virtus unitiva.</p><p title="I-II q. 28 a. 1 co."><a name="34707"><span class="ref">[34707] Iª-IIae q. 28 a. 1 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1085 dicendum quod duplex est unio amantis ad amatum. Una quidem
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1086 secundum rem, puta cum amatum praesentialiter adest amanti. Alia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1087 vero secundum affectum. Quae quidem unio consideranda est ex
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1088 apprehensione praecedente, nam motus appetitivus sequitur
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1089 apprehensionem. Cum autem sit duplex amor, scilicet concupiscentiae
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1090 et amicitiae, uterque procedit ex quadam apprehensione unitatis
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1091 amati ad amantem. Cum enim aliquis amat aliquid quasi concupiscens
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1092 illud, apprehendit illud quasi pertinens ad suum bene esse.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1093 Similiter cum aliquis amat aliquem amore amicitiae, vult ei bonum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1094 sicut et sibi vult bonum, unde apprehendit eum ut alterum se,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1095 inquantum scilicet vult ei bonum sicut et sibi ipsi. Et inde est
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1096 quod amicus dicitur esse alter ipse, et Augustinus dicit, in IV
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1097 Confess., <i>bene quidam dixit de amico suo, dimidium animae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1098 suae</i>. Primam ergo unionem amor facit effective, quia movet ad
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1099 desiderandum et quaerendum praesentiam amati, quasi sibi
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1100 convenientis et ad se pertinentis. Secundam autem unionem facit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1101 formaliter, quia ipse amor est talis unio vel nexus. Unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1102 Augustinus dicit, in VIII de Trin., quod <i>amor est quasi vita
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1103 quaedam duo aliqua copulans, vel copulare appetens, amantem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1104 scilicet et quod amatur</i>. Quod enim dicit copulans, refertur ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1105 unionem affectus, sine qua non est amor, quod vero dicit copulare
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
1106 intendens, pertinet ad unionem realem.</p><p title="I-II q. 28 a. 1 ad 1"><a name="34708"><span class="ref">[34708] Iª-IIae q. 28 a. 1 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1107 ergo dicendum quod obiectio illa procedit de unione reali. Quam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1108 quidem requirit delectatio sicut causam, desiderium vero est in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1109 reali absentia amati, amor vero et in absentia et in
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
1110 praesentia.</p><p title="I-II q. 28 a. 1 ad 2"><a name="34709"><span class="ref">[34709] Iª-IIae q. 28 a. 1 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1111 dicendum quod unio tripliciter se habet ad amorem. Quaedam enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1112 unio est causa amoris. Et haec quidem est unio substantialis,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1113 quantum ad amorem quo quis amat seipsum, quantum vero ad amorem quo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1114 quis amat alia, est unio similitudinis, ut dictum est. Quaedam vero
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1115 unio est essentialiter ipse amor. Et haec est unio secundum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1116 coaptationem affectus. Quae quidem assimilatur unioni substantiali,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1117 inquantum amans se habet ad amatum, in amore quidem amicitiae, ut
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1118 ad seipsum; in amore autem concupiscentiae, ut ad aliquid sui.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1119 Quaedam vero unio est effectus amoris. Et haec est unio realis,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1120 quam amans quaerit de re amata. Et haec quidem unio est secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1121 convenientiam amoris, ut enim philosophus refert, II Politic.,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1122 <i>Aristophanes dixit quod amantes desiderarent ex ambobus fieri
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1123 unum, sed quia ex hoc accideret aut ambos aut alterum corrumpi</i>,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1124 quaerunt unionem quae convenit et decet; ut scilicet simul
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1125 conversentur, et simul colloquantur, et in aliis huiusmodi
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
1126 coniungantur.</p><p title="I-II q. 28 a. 1 ad 3"><a name="34710"><span class="ref">[34710] Iª-IIae q. 28 a. 1 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1127 dicendum quod cognitio perficitur per hoc quod cognitum unitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1128 cognoscenti secundum suam similitudinem. Sed amor facit quod ipsa
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1129 res quae amatur, amanti aliquo modo uniatur, ut dictum est. Unde
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
1130 amor est magis unitivus quam cognitio.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 2</h3><p title="I-II q. 28 a. 2 arg. 1"><a name="34711"><span class="ref">[34711] Iª-IIae q. 28 a. 2 arg. 1</span></a> Ad secundum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1131 sic proceditur. Videtur quod amor non causet mutuam inhaesionem, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1132 scilicet amans sit in amato, et e converso. Quod enim est in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1133 altero, continetur in eo. Sed non potest idem esse continens et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1134 contentum. Ergo per amorem non potest causari mutua inhaesio, ut
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
1135 amatum sit in amante et e converso.</p><p title="I-II q. 28 a. 2 arg. 2"><a name="34712"><span class="ref">[34712] Iª-IIae q. 28 a. 2 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1136 nihil potest penetrare in interiora alicuius integri, nisi per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1137 aliquam divisionem. Sed dividere quae sunt secundum rem coniuncta,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1138 non pertinet ad appetitum, in quo est amor, sed ad rationem. Ergo
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
1139 mutua inhaesio non est effectus amoris.</p><p title="I-II q. 28 a. 2 arg. 3"><a name="34713"><span class="ref">[34713] Iª-IIae q. 28 a. 2 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1140 si per amorem amans est in amato et e converso, sequetur quod hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1141 modo amatum uniatur amanti, sicut amans amato. Sed ipsa unio est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1142 amor, ut dictum est. Ergo sequitur quod semper amans ametur ab
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1143 amato, quod patet esse falsum. Non ergo mutua inhaesio est effectus
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
1144 amoris.</p><p title="I-II q. 28 a. 2 s. c."><a name="34714"><span class="ref">[34714] Iª-IIae q. 28 a. 2 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1145 est quod dicitur I Ioan. IV, <i>qui manet in caritate, in Deo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1146 manet, et Deus in eo</i>. Caritas autem est amor Dei. Ergo, eadem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1147 ratione, quilibet amor facit amatum esse in amante, et e
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
1148 converso.</p><p title="I-II q. 28 a. 2 co."><a name="34715"><span class="ref">[34715] Iª-IIae q. 28 a. 2 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1149 dicendum quod iste effectus mutuae inhaesionis potest intelligi et
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1150 quantum ad vim apprehensivam, et quantum ad vim appetitivam. Nam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1151 quantum ad vim apprehensivam amatum dicitur esse in amante,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1152 inquantum amatum immoratur in apprehensione amantis; secundum illud
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1153 Philipp. I, <i>eo quod habeam vos in corde</i>. Amans vero dicitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1154 esse in amato secundum apprehensionem inquantum amans non est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1155 contentus superficiali apprehensione amati, sed nititur singula
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1156 quae ad amatum pertinent intrinsecus disquirere, et sic ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1157 interiora eius ingreditur. Sicut de spiritu sancto, qui est amor
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1158 Dei, dicitur, I ad Cor. II, quod <i>scrutatur etiam profunda
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1159 Dei</i>. Sed quantum ad vim appetitivam, amatum dicitur esse in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1160 amante, prout est per quandam complacentiam in eius affectu, ut vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1161 delectetur in eo, aut in bonis eius, apud praesentiam; vel in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1162 absentia, per desiderium tendat in ipsum amatum per amorem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1163 concupiscentiae; vel in bona quae vult amato, per amorem amicitiae;
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1164 non quidem ex aliqua extrinseca causa, sicut cum aliquis desiderat
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1165 aliquid propter alterum, vel cum aliquis vult bonum alteri propter
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1166 aliquid aliud; sed propter complacentiam amati interius radicatam.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1167 Unde et amor dicitur intimus; et dicuntur viscera caritatis. E
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1168 converso autem amans est in amato aliter quidem per amorem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1169 concupiscentiae, aliter per amorem amicitiae. Amor namque
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1170 concupiscentiae non requiescit in quacumque extrinseca aut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1171 superficiali adeptione vel fruitione amati, sed quaerit amatum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1172 perfecte habere, quasi ad intima illius perveniens. In amore vero
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1173 amicitiae, amans est in amato, inquantum reputat bona vel mala
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1174 amici sicut sua, et voluntatem amici sicut suam, ut quasi ipse in
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1175 suo amico videatur bona vel mala pati, et affici. Et propter hoc,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1176 proprium est amicorum eadem velle, et in eodem tristari et gaudere
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1177 secundum philosophum, in IX Ethic. et in II Rhetoric. Ut sic,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1178 inquantum quae sunt amici aestimat sua, amans videatur esse in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1179 amato, quasi idem factus amato. Inquantum autem e converso vult et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1180 agit propter amicum sicut propter seipsum, quasi reputans amicum
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1181 idem sibi, sic amatum est in amante. Potest autem et tertio modo
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1182 mutua inhaesio intelligi in amore amicitiae, secundum viam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1183 redamationis, inquantum mutuo se amant amici, et sibi invicem bona
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
1184 volunt et operantur.</p><p title="I-II q. 28 a. 2 ad 1"><a name="34716"><span class="ref">[34716] Iª-IIae q. 28 a. 2 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1185 ergo dicendum quod amatum continetur in amante, inquantum est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1186 impressum in affectu eius per quandam complacentiam. E converso
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1187 vero amans continetur in amato, inquantum amans sequitur aliquo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1188 modo illud quod est intimum amati. Nihil enim prohibet diverso modo
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1189 esse aliquid continens et contentum, sicut genus continetur in
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
1190 specie et e converso.</p><p title="I-II q. 28 a. 2 ad 2"><a name="34717"><span class="ref">[34717] Iª-IIae q. 28 a. 2 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1191 dicendum quod rationis apprehensio praecedit affectum amoris. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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diff changeset
1192 ideo, sicut ratio disquirit, ita affectus amoris subintrat in
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
1193 amatum, ut ex dictis patet.</p><p title="I-II q. 28 a. 2 ad 3"><a name="34718"><span class="ref">[34718] Iª-IIae q. 28 a. 2 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
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diff changeset
1194 dicendum quod illa ratio procedit de tertio modo mutuae
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
1195 inhaesionis, qui non invenitur in quolibet amore.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 3</h3><p title="I-II q. 28 a. 3 arg. 1"><a name="34719"><span class="ref">[34719] Iª-IIae q. 28 a. 3 arg. 1</span></a> Ad tertium
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1196 sic proceditur. Videtur quod extasis non sit effectus amoris.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1197 Extasis enim quandam alienationem importare videtur. Sed amor non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1198 semper facit alienationem, sunt enim amantes interdum sui compotes.
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
1199 Ergo amor non facit extasim.</p><p title="I-II q. 28 a. 3 arg. 2"><a name="34720"><span class="ref">[34720] Iª-IIae q. 28 a. 3 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1200 amans desiderat amatum sibi uniri. Magis ergo amatum trahit ad se,
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
1201 quam etiam pergat in amatum, extra se exiens.</p><p title="I-II q. 28 a. 3 arg. 3"><a name="34721"><span class="ref">[34721] Iª-IIae q. 28 a. 3 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1202 amor unit amatum amanti, sicut dictum est. Si ergo amans extra se
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1203 tendit, ut in amatum pergat, sequitur quod semper plus diligat
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1204 amatum quam seipsum. Quod patet esse falsum. Non ergo extasis est
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
1205 effectus amoris.</p><p title="I-II q. 28 a. 3 s. c."><a name="34722"><span class="ref">[34722] Iª-IIae q. 28 a. 3 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1206 est quod Dionysius dicit, IV cap. de Div. Nom., quod <i>divinus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1207 amor extasim facit, et quod ipse Deus propter amorem est extasim
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1208 passus</i>. Cum ergo quilibet amor sit quaedam similitudo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1209 participata divini amoris, ut ibidem dicitur, videtur quod quilibet
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
1210 amor causet extasim.</p><p title="I-II q. 28 a. 3 co."><a name="34723"><span class="ref">[34723] Iª-IIae q. 28 a. 3 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1211 dicendum quod extasim pati aliquis dicitur, cum extra se ponitur.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1212 Quod quidem contingit et secundum vim apprehensivam, et secundum
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1213 vim appetitivam. Secundum quidem vim apprehensivam aliquis dicitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1214 extra se poni, quando ponitur extra cognitionem sibi propriam, vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1215 quia ad superiorem sublimatur, sicut homo, dum elevatur ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1216 comprehendenda aliqua quae sunt supra sensum et rationem, dicitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1217 extasim pati, inquantum ponitur extra connaturalem apprehensionem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1218 rationis et sensus; vel quia ad inferiora deprimitur; puta, cum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1219 aliquis in furiam vel amentiam cadit, dicitur extasim passus.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1220 Secundum appetitivam vero partem dicitur aliquis extasim pati,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1221 quando appetitus alicuius in alterum fertur, exiens quodammodo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1222 extra seipsum. Primam quidem extasim facit amor dispositive,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1223 inquantum scilicet facit meditari de amato, ut dictum est, intensa
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1224 autem meditatio unius abstrahit ab aliis. Sed secundam extasim
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1225 facit amor directe, simpliciter quidem amor amicitiae; amor autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1226 concupiscentiae non simpliciter, sed secundum quid. Nam in amore
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1227 concupiscentiae, quodammodo fertur amans extra seipsum, inquantum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1228 scilicet, non contentus gaudere de bono quod habet, quaerit frui
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1229 aliquo extra se. Sed quia illud extrinsecum bonum quaerit sibi
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1230 habere, non exit simpliciter extra se, sed talis affectio in fine
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1231 infra ipsum concluditur. Sed in amore amicitiae, affectus alicuius
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1232 simpliciter exit extra se, quia vult amico bonum, et operatur,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1233 quasi gerens curam et providentiam ipsius, propter ipsum
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
1234 amicum.</p><p title="I-II q. 28 a. 3 ad 1"><a name="34724"><span class="ref">[34724] Iª-IIae q. 28 a. 3 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
1235 ergo dicendum quod illa ratio procedit de prima extasi.</p><p title="I-II q. 28 a. 3 ad 2"><a name="34725"><span class="ref">[34725] Iª-IIae q. 28 a. 3 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1236 dicendum quod illa ratio procedit de amore concupiscentiae, qui non
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
1237 facit simpliciter extasim, ut dictum est.</p><p title="I-II q. 28 a. 3 ad 3"><a name="34726"><span class="ref">[34726] Iª-IIae q. 28 a. 3 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1238 dicendum quod ille qui amat, intantum extra se exit, inquantum vult
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1239 bona amici et operatur. Non tamen vult bona amici magis quam sua.
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
1240 Unde non sequitur quod alterum plus quam se diligat.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 4</h3><p title="I-II q. 28 a. 4 arg. 1"><a name="34727"><span class="ref">[34727] Iª-IIae q. 28 a. 4 arg. 1</span></a> Ad quartum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1241 sic proceditur. Videtur quod zelus non sit effectus amoris. Zelus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1242 enim est contentionis principium, unde dicitur I ad Cor. III,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1243 <i>cum sit inter vos zelus et contentio,</i> et cetera. Sed
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
1244 contentio repugnat amori. Ergo zelus non est effectus amoris.</p><p title="I-II q. 28 a. 4 arg. 2"><a name="34728"><span class="ref">[34728] Iª-IIae q. 28 a. 4 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1245 obiectum amoris est bonum, quod est communicativum sui. Sed zelus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1246 repugnat communicationi, ad zelum enim pertinere videtur quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1247 aliquis non patiatur consortium in amato; sicut viri dicuntur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1248 zelare uxores, quas nolunt habere communes cum ceteris. Ergo zelus
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
1249 non est effectus amoris.</p><p title="I-II q. 28 a. 4 arg. 3"><a name="34729"><span class="ref">[34729] Iª-IIae q. 28 a. 4 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1250 zelus non est sine odio, sicut nec sine amore, dicitur enim in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1251 Psalmo LXXII, <i>zelavi super iniquos</i>. Non ergo debet dici
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
1252 magis effectus amoris quam odii.</p><p title="I-II q. 28 a. 4 s. c."><a name="34730"><span class="ref">[34730] Iª-IIae q. 28 a. 4 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1253 est quod Dionysius dicit, IV cap. de Div. Nom., quod <i>Deus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1254 appellatur Zelotes propter multum amorem quem habet ad
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
1255 existentia</i>.</p><p title="I-II q. 28 a. 4 co."><a name="34731"><span class="ref">[34731] Iª-IIae q. 28 a. 4 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1256 dicendum quod zelus, quocumque modo sumatur, ex intensione amoris
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1257 provenit. Manifestum est enim quod quanto aliqua virtus intensius
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1258 tendit in aliquid, fortius etiam repellit omne contrarium vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1259 repugnans. Cum igitur amor sit quidam motus in amatum, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1260 Augustinus dicit in libro octoginta trium quaest., intensus amor
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1261 quaerit excludere omne quod sibi repugnat. Aliter tamen hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1262 contingit in amore concupiscentiae, et aliter in amore amicitiae.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1263 Nam in amore concupiscentiae, qui intense aliquid concupiscit,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1264 movetur contra omne illud quod repugnat consecutioni vel fruitioni
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1265 quietae eius quod amatur. Et hoc modo viri dicuntur zelare uxores,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1266 ne per consortium aliorum impediatur singularitas quam in uxore
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1267 quaerunt. Similiter etiam qui quaerunt excellentiam, moventur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1268 contra eos qui excellere videntur, quasi impedientes excellentiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1269 eorum. Et iste est zelus invidiae, de quo dicitur in Psalmo XXXVI,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1270 <i>noli aemulari in malignantibus, neque zelaveris facientes
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1271 iniquitatem</i>. Amor autem amicitiae quaerit bonum amici, unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1272 quando est intensus, facit hominem moveri contra omne illud quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1273 repugnat bono amici. Et secundum hoc, aliquis dicitur zelare pro
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1274 amico, quando, si qua dicuntur vel fiunt contra bonum amici, homo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1275 repellere studet. Et per hunc etiam modum aliquis dicitur zelare
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1276 pro Deo, quando ea quae sunt contra honorem vel voluntatem Dei,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1277 repellere secundum posse conatur; secundum illud III Reg. XIX,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1278 <i>zelo zelatus sum pro domino exercituum</i>. Et Ioan. II, super
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1279 illud, <i>zelus domus tuae comedit me</i>, dicit Glossa quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1280 <i>bono zelo comeditur, qui quaelibet prava quae viderit, corrigere
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
1281 satagit; si nequit, tolerat et gemit</i>.</p><p title="I-II q. 28 a. 4 ad 1"><a name="34732"><span class="ref">[34732] Iª-IIae q. 28 a. 4 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1282 ergo dicendum quod apostolus ibi loquitur de zelo invidiae; qui
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1283 quidem est causa contentionis, non contra rem amatam, sed pro re
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
1284 amata contra impedimenta ipsius.</p><p title="I-II q. 28 a. 4 ad 2"><a name="34733"><span class="ref">[34733] Iª-IIae q. 28 a. 4 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1285 dicendum quod bonum amatur inquantum est communicabile amanti. Unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1286 omne illud quod perfectionem huius communicationis impedit,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1287 efficitur odiosum. Et sic ex amore boni zelus causatur. Ex defectu
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1288 autem bonitatis contingit quod quaedam parva bona non possunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1289 integre simul possideri a multis. Et ex amore talium causatur zelus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1290 invidiae. Non autem proprie ex his quae integre possunt a multis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1291 possideri, nullus enim invidet alteri de cognitione veritatis, quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1292 a multis integre cognosci potest; sed forte de excellentia circa
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
1293 cognitionem huius.</p><p title="I-II q. 28 a. 4 ad 3"><a name="34734"><span class="ref">[34734] Iª-IIae q. 28 a. 4 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1294 dicendum quod hoc ipsum quod aliquis odio habet ea quae repugnant
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1295 amato, ex amore procedit. Unde zelus proprie ponitur effectus
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
1296 amoris magis quam odii.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 5</h3><p title="I-II q. 28 a. 5 arg. 1"><a name="34735"><span class="ref">[34735] Iª-IIae q. 28 a. 5 arg. 1</span></a> Ad quintum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1297 sic proceditur. Videtur quod amor sit passio laesiva. Languor enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1298 significat laesionem quandam languentis. Sed amor causat languorem,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1299 dicitur enim Cant. II, <i>fulcite me floribus, stipate me malis,
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
1300 quia amore langueo</i>. Ergo amor est passio laesiva.</p><p title="I-II q. 28 a. 5 arg. 2"><a name="34736"><span class="ref">[34736] Iª-IIae q. 28 a. 5 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1301 liquefactio est quaedam resolutio. Sed amor est liquefactivus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1302 dicitur enim Cant. V, <i>anima mea liquefacta est, ut dilectus meus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1303 locutus est</i>. Ergo amor est resolutivus. Est ergo corruptivus et
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
1304 laesivus.</p><p title="I-II q. 28 a. 5 arg. 3"><a name="34737"><span class="ref">[34737] Iª-IIae q. 28 a. 5 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1305 fervor designat quendam excessum in caliditate, qui quidem excessus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1306 corruptivus est. Sed fervor causatur ex amore, Dionysius enim, VII
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1307 cap. Cael. Hier., inter ceteras proprietates ad amorem Seraphim
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1308 pertinentes, ponit calidum et acutum et superfervens. Et Cant.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1309 VIII, dicitur de amore quod <i>lampades eius sunt lampades ignis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1310 atque flammarum</i>. Ergo amor est passio laesiva et
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
1311 corruptiva.</p><p title="I-II q. 28 a. 5 s. c."><a name="34738"><span class="ref">[34738] Iª-IIae q. 28 a. 5 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1312 est quod dicit Dionysius, IV cap. de Div. Nom., quod singula seipsa
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1313 amant contentive, idest conservative. Ergo amor non est passio
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
1314 laesiva, sed magis conservativa et perfectiva.</p><p title="I-II q. 28 a. 5 co."><a name="34739"><span class="ref">[34739] Iª-IIae q. 28 a. 5 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1315 dicendum quod, sicut supra dictum est, amor significat coaptationem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1316 quandam appetitivae virtutis ad aliquod bonum. Nihil autem quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1317 coaptatur ad aliquid quod est sibi conveniens, ex hoc ipso
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1318 laeditur, sed magis, si sit possibile, proficit et melioratur. Quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1319 vero coaptatur ad aliquid quod non est sibi conveniens, ex hoc ipso
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1320 laeditur et deterioratur. Amor ergo boni convenientis est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1321 perfectivus et meliorativus amantis, amor autem boni quod non est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1322 conveniens amanti, est laesivus et deteriorativus amantis. Unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1323 maxime homo perficitur et melioratur per amorem Dei, laeditur autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1324 et deterioratur per amorem peccati, secundum illud Osee IX,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1325 <i>facti sunt abominabiles, sicut ea quae dilexerunt</i>. Et hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1326 quidem dictum sit de amore, quantum ad id quod est formale in ipso,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1327 quod est scilicet ex parte appetitus. Quantum vero ad id quod est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1328 materiale in passione amoris, quod est immutatio aliqua corporalis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1329 accidit quod amor sit laesivus propter excessum immutationis, sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1330 accidit in sensu, et in omni actu virtutis animae qui exercetur per
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
1331 aliquam immutationem organi corporalis.</p><p title="I-II q. 28 a. 5 ad 1"><a name="34740"><span class="ref">[34740] Iª-IIae q. 28 a. 5 ad 1</span></a> Ad ea vero
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1332 quae in contrarium obiiciuntur, dicendum quod amori attribui
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1333 possunt quatuor effectus proximi, scilicet liquefactio, fruitio,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1334 languor et fervor. Inter quae primum est liquefactio, quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1335 opponitur congelationi. Ea enim quae sunt congelata, in seipsis
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1336 constricta sunt, ut non possint de facili subintrationem alterius
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1337 pati. Ad amorem autem pertinet quod appetitus coaptetur ad quandam
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1338 receptionem boni amati, prout amatum est in amante, sicut iam supra
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1339 dictum est. Unde cordis congelatio vel duritia est dispositio
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1340 repugnans amori. Sed liquefactio importat quandam mollificationem
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1341 cordis, qua exhibet se cor habile ut amatum in ipsum subintret. Si
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1342 ergo amatum fuerit praesens et habitum, causatur delectatio sive
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1343 fruitio. Si autem fuerit absens, consequuntur duae passiones,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1344 scilicet tristitia de absentia, quae significatur per languorem
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1345 (unde et Tullius, in III de Tusculanis quaest., maxime tristitiam
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1346 aegritudinem nominat); et intensum desiderium de consecutione
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1347 amati, quod significatur per fervorem. Et isti quidem sunt effectus
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1348 amoris formaliter accepti, secundum habitudinem appetitivae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1349 virtutis ad obiectum. Sed in passione amoris, consequuntur aliqui
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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diff changeset
1350 effectus his proportionati, secundum immutationem organi.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 6</h3><p title="I-II q. 28 a. 6 arg. 1"><a name="34741"><span class="ref">[34741] Iª-IIae q. 28 a. 6 arg. 1</span></a> Ad sextum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1351 sic proceditur. Videtur quod amans non agat omnia ex amore. Amor
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1352 enim quaedam passio est, ut supra dictum est. Sed non omnia quae
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1353 agit homo, agit ex passione, sed quaedam agit ex electione, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1354 quaedam ex ignorantia, ut dicitur in V Ethic. Ergo non omnia quae
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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diff changeset
1355 homo agit, agit ex amore.</p><p title="I-II q. 28 a. 6 arg. 2"><a name="34742"><span class="ref">[34742] Iª-IIae q. 28 a. 6 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1356 appetitus est principium motus et actionis in omnibus animalibus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1357 ut patet in III de anima. Si igitur omnia quae quis agit, agit ex
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
1358 amore, aliae passiones appetitivae partis erunt superfluae.</p><p title="I-II q. 28 a. 6 arg. 3"><a name="34743"><span class="ref">[34743] Iª-IIae q. 28 a. 6 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1359 nihil causatur simul a contrariis causis. Sed quaedam fiunt ex
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
1360 odio. Non ergo omnia sunt ex amore.</p><p title="I-II q. 28 a. 6 s. c."><a name="34744"><span class="ref">[34744] Iª-IIae q. 28 a. 6 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1361 est quod Dionysius dicit, IV cap. de Div. Nom., quod <i>propter
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
1362 amorem boni omnia agunt quaecumque agunt</i>.</p><p title="I-II q. 28 a. 6 co."><a name="34745"><span class="ref">[34745] Iª-IIae q. 28 a. 6 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
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diff changeset
1363 dicendum quod omne agens agit propter finem aliquem, ut supra
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1364 dictum est. Finis autem est bonum desideratum et amatum unicuique.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1365 Unde manifestum est quod omne agens, quodcumque sit, agit
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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diff changeset
1366 quamcumque actionem ex aliquo amore.</p><p title="I-II q. 28 a. 6 ad 1"><a name="34746"><span class="ref">[34746] Iª-IIae q. 28 a. 6 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1367 ergo dicendum quod obiectio illa procedit de amore qui est passio
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1368 in appetitu sensitivo existens. Nos autem loquimur nunc de amore
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1369 communiter accepto, prout comprehendit sub se amorem
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1370 intellectualem, rationalem, animalem, naturalem, sic enim Dionysius
53
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parents: 28
diff changeset
1371 loquitur de amore in IV cap. de Div. Nom.</p><p title="I-II q. 28 a. 6 ad 2"><a name="34747"><span class="ref">[34747] Iª-IIae q. 28 a. 6 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1372 dicendum quod ex amore, sicut iam dictum est, causantur et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1373 desiderium et tristitia et delectatio, et per consequens omnes
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1374 aliae passiones. Unde omnis actio quae procedit ex quacumque
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1375 passione, procedit etiam ex amore, sicut ex prima causa. Unde non
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
1376 superfluunt aliae passiones, quae sunt causae proximae.</p><p title="I-II q. 28 a. 6 ad 3"><a name="34748"><span class="ref">[34748] Iª-IIae q. 28 a. 6 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
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diff changeset
1377 dicendum quod odium etiam ex amore causatur, sicut infra
53
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diff changeset
1378 dicetur.</p></div></div><div class="q" id="q29"><h2>Quaestio 29</h2><div class="p"><h3>Prooemium</h3><p title="I-II q. 29 pr."><a name="34749"><span class="ref">[34749]
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
1379 Iª-IIae q. 29 pr.</span></a> Deinde considerandum est de odio.
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1380 Et circa hoc quaeruntur sex. Primo, utrum causa et obiectum odii
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1381 sit malum. Secundo, utrum odium causetur ex amore. Tertio, utrum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1382 odium sit fortius quam amor. Quarto, utrum aliquis possit habere
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1383 odio seipsum. Quinto, utrum aliquis possit habere odio veritatem.
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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diff changeset
1384 Sexto, utrum aliquid possit haberi odio in universali.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 1</h3><p title="I-II q. 29 a. 1 arg. 1"><a name="34750"><span class="ref">[34750] Iª-IIae q. 29 a. 1 arg. 1</span></a> Ad primum
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1385 sic proceditur. Videtur quod obiectum et causa odii non sit malum.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1386 Omne enim quod est, inquantum huiusmodi bonum est. Si igitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1387 obiectum odii sit malum, sequitur quod nulla res odio habeatur, sed
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
1388 solum defectus alicuius rei. Quod patet esse falsum.</p><p title="I-II q. 29 a. 1 arg. 2"><a name="34751"><span class="ref">[34751] Iª-IIae q. 29 a. 1 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1389 odire malum est laudabile, unde in laudem quorundam dicitur II
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1390 Machab. III, quod <i>leges optime custodiebantur, propter Oniae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1391 pontificis pietatem, et animos odio habentes mala</i>. Si igitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1392 nihil oditur nisi malum, sequitur quod omne odium sit laudabile.
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
1393 Quod patet esse falsum.</p><p title="I-II q. 29 a. 1 arg. 3"><a name="34752"><span class="ref">[34752] Iª-IIae q. 29 a. 1 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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diff changeset
1394 idem non est simul bonum et malum. Sed idem diversis est odibile et
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
1395 amabile. Ergo odium non solum est mali, sed etiam boni.</p><p title="I-II q. 29 a. 1 s. c."><a name="34753"><span class="ref">[34753] Iª-IIae q. 29 a. 1 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1396 odium contrariatur amori. Sed obiectum amoris est bonum, ut supra
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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diff changeset
1397 dictum est. Ergo obiectum odii est malum.</p><p title="I-II q. 29 a. 1 co."><a name="34754"><span class="ref">[34754] Iª-IIae q. 29 a. 1 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1398 dicendum quod, cum appetitus naturalis derivetur ab aliqua
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1399 apprehensione, licet non coniuncta; eadem ratio videtur esse de
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1400 inclinatione appetitus naturalis, et appetitus animalis, qui
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1401 sequitur apprehensionem coniunctam, sicut supra dictum est. In
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1402 appetitu autem naturali hoc manifeste apparet, quod sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1403 unumquodque habet naturalem consonantiam vel aptitudinem ad id quod
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1404 sibi convenit, quae est amor naturalis; ita ad id quod est ei
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1405 repugnans et corruptivum, habet dissonantiam naturalem, quae est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1406 odium naturale. Sic igitur et in appetitu animali, seu in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1407 intellectivo, amor est consonantia quaedam appetitus ad id quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1408 apprehenditur ut conveniens, odium vero est dissonantia quaedam
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1409 appetitus ad id quod apprehenditur ut repugnans et nocivum. Sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1410 autem omne conveniens, inquantum huiusmodi, habet rationem boni;
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1411 ita omne repugnans, inquantum huiusmodi, habet rationem mali. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1412 ideo, sicut bonum est obiectum amoris, ita malum est obiectum
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
1413 odii.</p><p title="I-II q. 29 a. 1 ad 1"><a name="34755"><span class="ref">[34755] Iª-IIae q. 29 a. 1 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1414 ergo dicendum quod ens, inquantum ens, non habet rationem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1415 repugnantis, sed magis convenientis, quia omnia conveniunt in ente.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1416 Sed ens inquantum est hoc ens determinatum, habet rationem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1417 repugnantis ad aliquod ens determinatum. Et secundum hoc, unum ens
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1418 est odibile alteri, et est malum, etsi non in se, tamen per
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
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diff changeset
1419 comparationem ad alterum.</p><p title="I-II q. 29 a. 1 ad 2"><a name="34756"><span class="ref">[34756] Iª-IIae q. 29 a. 1 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1420 dicendum quod, sicut aliquid apprehenditur ut bonum, quod non est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1421 vere bonum; ita aliquid apprehenditur ut malum, quod non est vere
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1422 malum. Unde contingit quandoque nec odium mali, nec amorem boni
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
1423 esse bonum.</p><p title="I-II q. 29 a. 1 ad 3"><a name="34757"><span class="ref">[34757] Iª-IIae q. 29 a. 1 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1424 dicendum quod contingit idem esse amabile et odibile diversis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1425 secundum appetitum quidem naturalem, ex hoc quod unum et idem est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1426 conveniens uni secundum suam naturam, et repugnans alteri, sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1427 calor convenit igni, et repugnat aquae. Secundum appetitum vero
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1428 animalem, ex hoc quod unum et idem apprehenditur ab uno sub ratione
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
1429 boni, et ab alio sub ratione mali.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 2</h3><p title="I-II q. 29 a. 2 arg. 1"><a name="34758"><span class="ref">[34758] Iª-IIae q. 29 a. 2 arg. 1</span></a> Ad secundum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1430 sic proceditur. Videtur quod amor non sit causa odii. <i>Ea enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1431 quae ex opposito dividuntur, naturaliter sunt simul</i>, ut dicitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1432 in praedicamentis. Sed amor et odium, cum sint contraria, ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1433 opposito dividuntur. Ergo naturaliter sunt simul. Non ergo amor est
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
1434 causa odii.</p><p title="I-II q. 29 a. 2 arg. 2"><a name="34759"><span class="ref">[34759] Iª-IIae q. 29 a. 2 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1435 unum contrariorum non est causa alterius. Sed amor et odium sunt
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
1436 contraria. Ergo amor non est causa odii.</p><p title="I-II q. 29 a. 2 arg. 3"><a name="34760"><span class="ref">[34760] Iª-IIae q. 29 a. 2 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1437 posterius non est causa prioris. Sed odium est prius amore, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1438 videtur, nam odium importat recessum a malo, amor vero accessum ad
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
1439 bonum. Ergo amor non est causa odii.</p><p title="I-II q. 29 a. 2 s. c."><a name="34761"><span class="ref">[34761] Iª-IIae q. 29 a. 2 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1440 est quod dicit Augustinus, XIV de Civ. Dei, quod omnes affectiones
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1441 causantur ex amore. Ergo et odium, cum sit quaedam affectio animae,
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
1442 causatur ex amore.</p><p title="I-II q. 29 a. 2 co."><a name="34762"><span class="ref">[34762] Iª-IIae q. 29 a. 2 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1443 dicendum quod, sicut dictum est, amor consistit in quadam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1444 convenientia amantis ad amatum, odium vero consistit in quadam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1445 repugnantia vel dissonantia. Oportet autem in quolibet prius
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1446 considerare quid ei conveniat, quam quid ei repugnet, per hoc enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1447 aliquid est repugnans alteri, quia est corruptivum vel impeditivum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1448 eius quod est conveniens. Unde necesse est quod amor sit prior
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1449 odio; et quod nihil odio habeatur, nisi per hoc quod contrariatur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1450 convenienti quod amatur. Et secundum hoc, omne odium ex amore
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
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diff changeset
1451 causatur.</p><p title="I-II q. 29 a. 2 ad 1"><a name="34763"><span class="ref">[34763] Iª-IIae q. 29 a. 2 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1452 ergo dicendum quod in his quae ex opposito dividuntur, quaedam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1453 inveniuntur quae sunt naturaliter simul et secundum rem, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1454 secundum rationem, sicut duae species animalis, vel duae species
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1455 coloris. Quaedam vero sunt simul secundum rationem, sed unum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1456 realiter est prius altero et causa eius, sicut patet in speciebus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1457 numerorum, figurarum et motuum. Quaedam vero non sunt simul nec
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1458 secundum rem, nec secundum rationem, sicut substantia et accidens,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1459 nam substantia realiter est causa accidentis; et ens secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1460 rationem prius attribuitur substantiae quam accidenti, quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1461 accidenti non attribuitur nisi inquantum est in substantia. Amor
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1462 autem et odium naturaliter quidem sunt simul secundum rationem, sed
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
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diff changeset
1463 non realiter. Unde nihil prohibet amorem esse causam odii.</p><p title="I-II q. 29 a. 2 ad 2"><a name="34764"><span class="ref">[34764] Iª-IIae q. 29 a. 2 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1464 dicendum quod amor et odium sunt contraria, quando accipiuntur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1465 circa idem. Sed quando sunt de contrariis, non sunt contraria, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1466 se invicem consequentia, eiusdem enim rationis est quod ametur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1467 aliquid, et odiatur eius contrarium. Et sic amor unius rei est
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
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diff changeset
1468 causa quod eius contrarium odiatur.</p><p title="I-II q. 29 a. 2 ad 3"><a name="34765"><span class="ref">[34765] Iª-IIae q. 29 a. 2 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1469 dicendum quod in executione prius est recedere ab uno termino, quam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1470 accedere ad alterum terminum. Sed in intentione est e converso,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1471 propter hoc enim receditur ab uno termino, ut accedatur ad alterum.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1472 Motus autem appetitivus magis pertinet ad intentionem quam ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1473 executionem. Et ideo amor est prior odio, cum utrumque sit motus
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
1474 appetitivus.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 3</h3><p title="I-II q. 29 a. 3 arg. 1"><a name="34766"><span class="ref">[34766] Iª-IIae q. 29 a. 3 arg. 1</span></a> Ad tertium
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1475 sic proceditur. Videtur quod odium sit fortius amore. Dicit enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1476 Augustinus, in libro octoginta trium quaest., <i>nemo est qui non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1477 magis dolorem fugiat, quam appetat voluptatem</i>. Sed fugere
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1478 dolorem pertinet ad odium, appetitus autem voluptatis pertinet ad
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
1479 amorem. Ergo odium est fortius amore.</p><p title="I-II q. 29 a. 3 arg. 2"><a name="34767"><span class="ref">[34767] Iª-IIae q. 29 a. 3 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1480 debilius vincitur a fortiori. Sed amor vincitur ab odio, quando
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1481 scilicet amor convertitur in odium. Ergo odium est fortius
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
1482 amore.</p><p title="I-II q. 29 a. 3 arg. 3"><a name="34768"><span class="ref">[34768] Iª-IIae q. 29 a. 3 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1483 affectio animae per effectum manifestatur. Sed fortius insistit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1484 homo ad repellendum odiosum, quam ad prosequendum amatum, sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1485 etiam bestiae abstinent a delectabilibus propter verbera, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1486 Augustinus introducit in libro octoginta trium quaest. Ergo odium
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
1487 est fortius amore.</p><p title="I-II q. 29 a. 3 s. c."><a name="34769"><span class="ref">[34769] Iª-IIae q. 29 a. 3 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1488 bonum est fortius quam malum, quia malum non agit nisi virtute
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1489 boni, ut Dionysius dicit, cap. IV de Div. Nom. Sed odium et amor
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1490 differunt secundum differentiam boni et mali. Ergo amor est fortior
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
1491 odio.</p><p title="I-II q. 29 a. 3 co."><a name="34770"><span class="ref">[34770] Iª-IIae q. 29 a. 3 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1492 dicendum quod impossibile est effectum sua causa esse fortiorem.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1493 Omne autem odium procedit ex aliquo amore sicut ex causa, ut supra
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1494 dictum est. Unde impossibile est quod odium sit fortius amore
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1495 simpliciter. Sed oportet ulterius quod amor, simpliciter loquendo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1496 sit odio fortior. Fortius enim movetur aliquid in finem, quam in ea
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1497 quae sunt ad finem. Recessus autem a malo ordinatur ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1498 consecutionem boni, sicut ad finem. Unde, simpliciter loquendo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1499 fortior est motus animae in bonum quam in malum. Sed tamen
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1500 aliquando videtur odium fortius amore, propter duo. Primo quidem,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1501 quia odium est magis sensibile quam amor. Cum enim sensus perceptio
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1502 sit in quadam immutatione, ex quo aliquid iam immutatum est, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1503 ita sentitur sicut quando est in ipso immutari. Unde calor febris
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1504 hecticae, quamvis sit maior, non tamen ita sentitur sicut calor
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1505 tertianae, quia calor hecticae iam versus est quasi in habitum et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1506 naturam. Propter hoc etiam, amor magis sentitur in absentia amati,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1507 sicut Augustinus dicit, in X de Trin., quod <i>amor non ita
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1508 sentitur, cum non prodit eum indigentia</i>. Et propter hoc etiam,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1509 repugnantia eius quod oditur, sensibilius percipitur quam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1510 convenientia eius quod amatur. Secundo, quia non comparatur odium
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1511 ad amorem sibi correspondentem. Secundum enim diversitatem bonorum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1512 est diversitas amorum in magnitudine et parvitate, quibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1513 proportionantur opposita odia. Unde odium quod correspondet maiori
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
1514 amori, magis movet quam minor amor.</p><p title="I-II q. 29 a. 3 ad 1"><a name="34771"><span class="ref">[34771] Iª-IIae q. 29 a. 3 ad 1</span></a> Et per hoc
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1515 patet responsio ad primum. Nam amor voluptatis est minor quam amor
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1516 conservationis sui ipsius, cui respondet fuga doloris. Et ideo
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
1517 magis fugitur dolor, quam ametur voluptas.</p><p title="I-II q. 29 a. 3 ad 2"><a name="34772"><span class="ref">[34772] Iª-IIae q. 29 a. 3 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1518 dicendum quod odium nunquam vinceret amorem, nisi propter maiorem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1519 amorem cui odium correspondet. Sicut homo magis diligit se quam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1520 amicum, et propter hoc quod diligit se, habet odio etiam amicum, si
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
1521 sibi contrarietur.</p><p title="I-II q. 29 a. 3 ad 3"><a name="34773"><span class="ref">[34773] Iª-IIae q. 29 a. 3 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1522 dicendum quod ideo intensius aliquid operatur ad repellendum
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
1523 odiosa, quia odium est magis sensibile.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 4</h3><p title="I-II q. 29 a. 4 arg. 1"><a name="34774"><span class="ref">[34774] Iª-IIae q. 29 a. 4 arg. 1</span></a> Ad quartum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1524 sic proceditur. Videtur quod aliquis possit seipsum odio habere.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1525 Dicitur enim in Psalmo X, <i>qui diligit iniquitatem, odit animam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1526 suam</i>. Sed multi diligunt iniquitatem. Ergo multi odiunt
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
1527 seipsos.</p><p title="I-II q. 29 a. 4 arg. 2"><a name="34775"><span class="ref">[34775] Iª-IIae q. 29 a. 4 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1528 illum odimus, cui volumus et operamur malum. Sed quandoque aliquis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1529 vult et operatur sibi ipsi malum, puta qui interimunt seipsos. Ergo
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
1530 aliqui seipsos habent odio.</p><p title="I-II q. 29 a. 4 arg. 3"><a name="34776"><span class="ref">[34776] Iª-IIae q. 29 a. 4 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1531 Boetius dicit, in II de Consol., quod <i>avaritia facit homines
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1532 odiosos</i>, ex quo potest accipi quod omnis homo odit avarum. Sed
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
1533 aliqui sunt avari. Ergo illi odiunt seipsos.</p><p title="I-II q. 29 a. 4 s. c."><a name="34777"><span class="ref">[34777] Iª-IIae q. 29 a. 4 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1534 est quod apostolus dicit, ad Ephes. V, quod <i>nemo unquam carnem
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
1535 suam odio habuit</i>.</p><p title="I-II q. 29 a. 4 co."><a name="34778"><span class="ref">[34778] Iª-IIae q. 29 a. 4 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1536 dicendum quod impossibile est quod aliquis, per se loquendo, odiat
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1537 seipsum. Naturaliter enim unumquodque appetit bonum, nec potest
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1538 aliquis aliquid sibi appetere nisi sub ratione boni, nam malum est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1539 praeter voluntatem, ut Dionysius dicit, IV cap. de Div. Nom. Amare
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1540 autem aliquem est velle ei bonum, ut supra dictum est. Unde necesse
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1541 est quod aliquis amet seipsum; et impossibile est quod aliquis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1542 odiat seipsum, per se loquendo. Per accidens tamen contingit quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1543 aliquis seipsum odio habeat. Et hoc dupliciter. Uno modo, ex parte
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1544 boni quod sibi aliquis vult. Accidit enim quandoque illud quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1545 appetitur ut secundum quid bonum, esse simpliciter malum, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1546 secundum hoc, aliquis per accidens vult sibi malum, quod est odire.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1547 Alio modo, ex parte sui ipsius, cui vult bonum. Unumquodque enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1548 maxime est id quod est principalius in ipso, unde civitas dicitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1549 facere quod rex facit, quasi rex sit tota civitas. Manifestum est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1550 ergo quod homo maxime est mens hominis. Contingit autem quod aliqui
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1551 aestimant se esse maxime illud quod sunt secundum naturam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1552 corporalem et sensitivam. Unde amant se secundum id quod aestimant
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1553 se esse, sed odiunt id quod vere sunt, dum volunt contraria
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1554 rationi. Et utroque modo, ille qui diligit iniquitatem, odit non
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
1555 solum animam suam, sed etiam seipsum.</p><p title="I-II q. 29 a. 4 ad 1"><a name="34779"><span class="ref">[34779] Iª-IIae q. 29 a. 4 ad 1</span></a> Et per hoc
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
1556 patet responsio ad primum.</p><p title="I-II q. 29 a. 4 ad 2"><a name="34780"><span class="ref">[34780] Iª-IIae q. 29 a. 4 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1557 dicendum quod nullus sibi vult et facit malum, nisi inquantum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1558 apprehendit illud sub ratione boni. Nam et illi qui interimunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1559 seipsos, hoc ipsum quod est mori, apprehendunt sub ratione boni,
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
1560 inquantum est terminativum alicuius miseriae vel doloris.</p><p title="I-II q. 29 a. 4 ad 3"><a name="34781"><span class="ref">[34781] Iª-IIae q. 29 a. 4 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1561 dicendum quod avarus odit aliquod accidens suum, non tamen propter
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1562 hoc odit seipsum, sicut aeger odit suam aegritudinem, ex hoc ipso
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1563 quod se amat. Vel dicendum quod avaritia odiosos facit aliis, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1564 autem sibi ipsi. Quinimmo causatur ex inordinato sui amore,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1565 secundum quem de bonis temporalibus plus sibi aliquis vult quam
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
1566 debeat.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 5</h3><p title="I-II q. 29 a. 5 arg. 1"><a name="34782"><span class="ref">[34782] Iª-IIae q. 29 a. 5 arg. 1</span></a> Ad quintum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1567 sic proceditur. Videtur quod aliquis non possit habere odio
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1568 veritatem. Bonum enim et ens et verum convertuntur. Sed aliquis non
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
1569 potest habere odio bonitatem. Ergo nec veritatem.</p><p title="I-II q. 29 a. 5 arg. 2"><a name="34783"><span class="ref">[34783] Iª-IIae q. 29 a. 5 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1570 omnes homines naturaliter scire desiderant, ut dicitur in principio
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1571 Metaphys. Sed scientia non est nisi verorum. Ergo veritas
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1572 naturaliter desideratur et amatur. Sed quod naturaliter inest,
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
1573 semper inest. Nullus ergo potest habere odio veritatem.</p><p title="I-II q. 29 a. 5 arg. 3"><a name="34784"><span class="ref">[34784] Iª-IIae q. 29 a. 5 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1574 philosophus dicit, in II Rhetoric., quod <i>homines amant non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1575 fictos</i>. Sed non nisi propter veritatem. Ergo homo naturaliter
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
1576 amat veritatem. Non potest ergo eam odio habere.</p><p title="I-II q. 29 a. 5 s. c."><a name="34785"><span class="ref">[34785] Iª-IIae q. 29 a. 5 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1577 est quod apostolus dicit, ad Galat. IV, <i>factus sum vobis
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
1578 inimicus, verum dicens vobis</i>.</p><p title="I-II q. 29 a. 5 co."><a name="34786"><span class="ref">[34786] Iª-IIae q. 29 a. 5 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1579 dicendum quod bonum et verum et ens sunt idem secundum rem, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1580 differunt ratione. Bonum enim habet rationem appetibilis, non autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1581 ens vel verum, quia bonum est quod omnia appetunt. Et ideo bonum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1582 sub ratione boni, non potest odio haberi, nec in universali nec in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1583 particulari. Ens autem et verum in universali quidem odio haberi
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1584 non possunt, quia dissonantia est causa odii, et convenientia causa
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1585 amoris; ens autem et verum sunt communia omnibus. Sed in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1586 particulari nihil prohibet quoddam ens et quoddam verum odio
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1587 haberi, inquantum habet rationem contrarii et repugnantis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1588 contrarietas enim et repugnantia non adversatur rationi entis et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1589 veri, sicut adversatur rationi boni. Contingit autem verum aliquod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1590 particulare tripliciter repugnare vel contrariari bono amato. Uno
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1591 modo, secundum quod veritas est causaliter et originaliter in ipsis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1592 rebus. Et sic homo quandoque odit aliquam veritatem, dum vellet non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1593 esse verum quod est verum. Alio modo, secundum quod veritas est in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1594 cognitione ipsius hominis, quae impedit ipsum a prosecutione amati.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1595 Sicut si aliqui vellent non cognoscere veritatem fidei, ut libere
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1596 peccarent, ex quorum persona dicitur Iob XXI, <i>scientiam viarum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1597 tuarum nolumus</i>. Tertio modo habetur odio veritas particularis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1598 tanquam repugnans, prout est in intellectu alterius. Puta, cum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1599 aliquis vult latere in peccato, odit quod aliquis veritatem circa
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1600 peccatum suum cognoscat. Et secundum hoc dicit Augustinus, in X
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1601 Confess., quod <i>homines amant veritatem lucentem, oderunt eam
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
1602 redarguentem</i>.</p><p title="I-II q. 29 a. 5 ad 1"><a name="34787"><span class="ref">[34787] Iª-IIae q. 29 a. 5 ad 1</span></a> Et per hoc
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
1603 patet responsio ad primum.</p><p title="I-II q. 29 a. 5 ad 2"><a name="34788"><span class="ref">[34788] Iª-IIae q. 29 a. 5 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1604 dicendum quod cognoscere veritatem secundum se est amabile, propter
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1605 quod dicit Augustinus quod amant eam lucentem. Sed per accidens
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1606 cognitio veritatis potest esse odibilis, inquantum impedit ab
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
1607 aliquo desiderato.</p><p title="I-II q. 29 a. 5 ad 3"><a name="34789"><span class="ref">[34789] Iª-IIae q. 29 a. 5 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1608 dicendum quod ex hoc procedit quod non ficti amantur, quod homo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1609 amat secundum se cognoscere veritatem, quam homines non ficti
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
1610 manifestant.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 6</h3><p title="I-II q. 29 a. 6 arg. 1"><a name="34790"><span class="ref">[34790] Iª-IIae q. 29 a. 6 arg. 1</span></a> Ad sextum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1611 sic proceditur. Videtur quod odium non possit esse alicuius in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1612 universali. Odium enim est passio appetitus sensitivi, qui movetur
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1613 ex sensibili apprehensione. Sed sensus non potest apprehendere
53
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diff changeset
1614 universale. Ergo odium non potest esse alicuius in universali.</p><p title="I-II q. 29 a. 6 arg. 2"><a name="34791"><span class="ref">[34791] Iª-IIae q. 29 a. 6 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1615 odium causatur ex aliqua dissonantia; quae communitati repugnat.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1616 Sed communitas est de ratione universalis. Ergo odium non potest
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
1617 esse alicuius in universali.</p><p title="I-II q. 29 a. 6 arg. 3"><a name="34792"><span class="ref">[34792] Iª-IIae q. 29 a. 6 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1618 obiectum odii est malum. Malum autem est in rebus, et non in mente,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1619 ut dicitur in VI Metaphys. Cum ergo universale sit solum in mente,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1620 quae abstrahit universale a particulari, videtur quod odium non
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
1621 possit esse alicuius universalis.</p><p title="I-II q. 29 a. 6 s. c."><a name="34793"><span class="ref">[34793] Iª-IIae q. 29 a. 6 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1622 est quod philosophus dicit, in II Rhetoric., quod <i>ira semper fit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1623 inter singularia odium autem etiam ad genera, furem enim odit et
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
1624 calumniatorem unusquisque</i>.</p><p title="I-II q. 29 a. 6 co."><a name="34794"><span class="ref">[34794] Iª-IIae q. 29 a. 6 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1625 dicendum quod de universali dupliciter contingit loqui, uno modo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1626 secundum quod subest intentioni universalitatis; alio autem modo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1627 de natura cui talis intentio attribuitur, alia est enim
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1628 consideratio hominis universalis, et alia hominis in eo quod homo.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1629 Si igitur universale accipiatur primo modo, sic nulla potentia
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1630 sensitivae partis, neque apprehensiva neque appetitiva, ferri
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1631 potest in universale, quia universale fit per abstractionem a
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1632 materia individuali, in qua radicatur omnis virtus sensitiva.
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1633 Potest tamen aliqua potentia sensitiva, et apprehensiva et
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1634 appetitiva, ferri in aliquid universaliter. Sicut dicimus quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1635 obiectum visus est color secundum genus, non quia visus cognoscat
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1636 colorem universalem; sed quia quod color sit cognoscibilis a visu,
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1637 non convenit colori inquantum est hic color, sed inquantum est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1638 color simpliciter. Sic ergo odium etiam sensitivae partis, potest
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1639 respicere aliquid in universali, quia ex natura communi aliquid
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1640 adversatur animali, et non solum ex eo quod est particularis, sicut
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1641 lupus ovi. Unde ovis odit lupum generaliter. Sed ira semper
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1642 causatur ex aliquo particulari, quia ex aliquo actu laedentis;
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1643 actus autem particularium sunt. Et propter hoc philosophus dicit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1644 quod <i>ira semper est ad aliquid singulare; odium vero potest esse
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1645 ad aliquid in genere</i>. Sed odium secundum quod est in parte
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1646 intellectiva, cum consequatur apprehensionem universalem
53
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ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
1647 intellectus, potest utroque modo esse respectu universalis.</p><p title="I-II q. 29 a. 6 ad 1"><a name="34795"><span class="ref">[34795] Iª-IIae q. 29 a. 6 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1648 ergo dicendum quod sensus non apprehendit universale, prout est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1649 universale, apprehendit tamen aliquid cui per abstractionem accidit
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
1650 universalitas.</p><p title="I-II q. 29 a. 6 ad 2"><a name="34796"><span class="ref">[34796] Iª-IIae q. 29 a. 6 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1651 dicendum quod id quod commune est omnibus, non potest esse ratio
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1652 odii. Sed nihil prohibet aliquid esse commune multis, quod tamen
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
1653 dissonat ab aliis, et sic est eis odiosum.</p><p title="I-II q. 29 a. 6 ad 3"><a name="34797"><span class="ref">[34797] Iª-IIae q. 29 a. 6 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1654 dicendum quod illa obiectio procedit de universali secundum quod
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1655 substat intentioni universalitatis, sic enim non cadit sub
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
1656 apprehensione vel appetitu sensitivo.</p></div></div><div class="q" id="q30"><h2>Quaestio 30</h2><div class="p"><h3>Prooemium</h3><p title="I-II q. 30 pr."><a name="34798"><span class="ref">[34798]
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
1657 Iª-IIae q. 30 pr.</span></a> Deinde considerandum est de
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1658 concupiscentia. Et circa hoc quaeruntur quatuor. Primo, utrum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1659 concupiscentia sit in appetitu sensitivo tantum. Secundo, utrum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1660 concupiscentia sit passio specialis. Tertio, utrum sint aliquae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1661 concupiscentiae naturales, et aliquae non naturales. Quarto, utrum
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
1662 concupiscentia sit infinita.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 1</h3><p title="I-II q. 30 a. 1 arg. 1"><a name="34799"><span class="ref">[34799] Iª-IIae q. 30 a. 1 arg. 1</span></a> Ad primum
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1663 sic proceditur. Videtur quod concupiscentia non solum sit in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1664 appetitu sensitivo. Est enim quaedam concupiscentia sapientiae, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1665 dicitur Sap. VI, <i>concupiscentia sapientiae deducit ad regnum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1666 perpetuum</i>. Sed appetitus sensitivus non potest ferri in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1667 sapientiam. Ergo concupiscentia non est in solo appetitu
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
1668 sensitivo.</p><p title="I-II q. 30 a. 1 arg. 2"><a name="34800"><span class="ref">[34800] Iª-IIae q. 30 a. 1 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1669 desiderium mandatorum Dei non est in appetitu sensitivo, immo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1670 apostolus dicit, Rom. VII, <i>non habitat in me, hoc est in carne
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1671 mea, bonum</i>. Sed desiderium mandatorum Dei sub concupiscentia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1672 cadit, secundum illud Psalmi CXVIII, <i>concupivit anima mea
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1673 desiderare iustificationes tuas</i>. Ergo concupiscentia non est
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
1674 solum in appetitu sensitivo.</p><p title="I-II q. 30 a. 1 arg. 3"><a name="34801"><span class="ref">[34801] Iª-IIae q. 30 a. 1 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1675 cuilibet potentiae est concupiscibile proprium bonum. Ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1676 concupiscentia est in qualibet potentiae animae, et non solum in
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
1677 appetitu sensitivo.</p><p title="I-II q. 30 a. 1 s. c."><a name="34802"><span class="ref">[34802] Iª-IIae q. 30 a. 1 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1678 est quod Damascenus dicit, quod <i>irrationale obediens et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1679 persuasibile rationi, dividitur in concupiscentiam et iram. Haec
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1680 autem est irrationalis pars animae, passiva et appetitiva</i>. Ergo
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
1681 concupiscentia est in appetitu sensitivo.</p><p title="I-II q. 30 a. 1 co."><a name="34803"><span class="ref">[34803] Iª-IIae q. 30 a. 1 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1682 dicendum quod, sicut philosophus dicit in I Rhetoric.,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1683 <i>concupiscentia est appetitus delectabilis</i>. Est autem duplex
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1684 delectatio, ut infra dicetur, una quae est in bono intelligibili,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1685 quod est bonum rationis; alia quae est in bono secundum sensum.
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1686 Prima quidem delectatio videtur esse animae tantum. Secunda autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1687 est animae et corporis, quia sensus est virtus in organo corporeo;
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1688 unde et bonum secundum sensum est bonum totius coniuncti. Talis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1689 autem delectationis appetitus videtur esse concupiscentia, quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1690 simul pertineat et ad animam et ad corpus, ut ipsum nomen
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1691 concupiscentiae sonat. Unde concupiscentia, proprie loquendo, est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1692 in appetitu sensitivo; et in vi concupiscibili, quae ab ea
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
1693 denominatur.</p><p title="I-II q. 30 a. 1 ad 1"><a name="34804"><span class="ref">[34804] Iª-IIae q. 30 a. 1 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1694 ergo dicendum quod appetitus sapientiae, vel aliorum spiritualium
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1695 bonorum, interdum concupiscentia nominatur, vel propter
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1696 similitudinem quandam, vel propter intensionem appetitus superioris
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1697 partis, ex quo fit redundantia in inferiorem appetitum, ut simul
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1698 etiam ipse inferior appetitus suo modo tendat in spirituale bonum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1699 consequens appetitum superiorem, et etiam ipsum corpus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1700 spiritualibus deserviat; sicut in Psalmo LXXXIII, dicitur, <i>cor
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
1701 meum et caro mea exultaverunt in Deum vivum</i>.</p><p title="I-II q. 30 a. 1 ad 2"><a name="34805"><span class="ref">[34805] Iª-IIae q. 30 a. 1 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1702 dicendum quod desiderium magis pertinere potest, proprie loquendo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1703 non solum ad inferiorem appetitum, sed etiam ad superiorem. Non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1704 enim importat aliquam consociationem in cupiendo, sicut
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
1705 concupiscentia; sed simplicem motum in rem desideratam.</p><p title="I-II q. 30 a. 1 ad 3"><a name="34806"><span class="ref">[34806] Iª-IIae q. 30 a. 1 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1706 dicendum quod unicuique potentiae animae competit appetere proprium
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1707 bonum appetitu naturali, qui non sequitur apprehensionem. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1708 appetere bonum appetitu animali, qui sequitur apprehensionem,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1709 pertinet solum ad vim appetitivam. Appetere autem aliquid sub
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1710 ratione boni delectabilis secundum sensum, quod proprie est
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
1711 concupiscere, pertinet ad vim concupiscibilem.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 2</h3><p title="I-II q. 30 a. 2 arg. 1"><a name="34807"><span class="ref">[34807] Iª-IIae q. 30 a. 2 arg. 1</span></a> Ad secundum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1712 sic proceditur. Videtur quod concupiscentia non sit passio
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1713 specialis potentiae concupiscibilis. Passiones enim distinguuntur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1714 secundum obiecta. Sed obiectum concupiscibilis est delectabile
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1715 secundum sensum; quod etiam est obiectum concupiscentiae, secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1716 philosophum, in I Rhetoric. Ergo concupiscentia non est passio
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
1717 specialis in concupiscibili.</p><p title="I-II q. 30 a. 2 arg. 2"><a name="34808"><span class="ref">[34808] Iª-IIae q. 30 a. 2 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1718 Augustinus dicit, in libro octoginta trium quaest., quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1719 <i>cupiditas est amor rerum transeuntium</i>, et sic ab amore non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1720 distinguitur. Omnes autem passiones speciales ab invicem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1721 distinguuntur. Ergo concupiscentia non est passio specialis in
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
1722 concupiscibili.</p><p title="I-II q. 30 a. 2 arg. 3"><a name="34809"><span class="ref">[34809] Iª-IIae q. 30 a. 2 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1723 cuilibet passioni concupiscibilis opponitur aliqua passio specialis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1724 in concupiscibili, ut supra dictum est. Sed concupiscentiae non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1725 opponitur aliqua passio specialis in concupiscibili. Dicit enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1726 Damascenus quod <i>expectatum bonum concupiscentiam constituit,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1727 praesens vero laetitiam, similiter expectatum malum timorem,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1728 praesens vero tristitiam</i>, ex quo videtur quod, sicut tristitia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1729 contrariatur laetitiae, ita timor contrariatur concupiscentiae.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1730 Timor autem non est in concupiscibili, sed in irascibili. Non ergo
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
1731 concupiscentia est specialis passio in concupiscibili.</p><p title="I-II q. 30 a. 2 s. c."><a name="34810"><span class="ref">[34810] Iª-IIae q. 30 a. 2 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1732 est quod concupiscentia causatur ab amore, et tendit in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1733 delectationem, quae sunt passiones concupiscibilis. Et sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1734 distinguitur ab aliis passionibus concupiscibilis, tanquam passio
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
1735 specialis.</p><p title="I-II q. 30 a. 2 co."><a name="34811"><span class="ref">[34811] Iª-IIae q. 30 a. 2 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1736 dicendum quod, sicut dictum est, bonum delectabile secundum sensum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1737 est communiter obiectum concupiscibilis. Unde secundum eius
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1738 differentias, diversae passiones concupiscibilis distinguuntur.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1739 Diversitas autem obiecti potest attendi vel secundum naturam ipsius
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1740 obiecti, vel secundum diversitatem in virtute agendi. Diversitas
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1741 quidem obiecti activi quae est secundum rei naturam, facit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1742 materialem differentiam passionum. Sed diversitas quae est secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1743 virtutem activam, facit formalem differentiam passionum, secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1744 quam passiones specie differunt. Est autem alia ratio virtutis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1745 motivae ipsius finis vel boni, secundum quod est realiter praesens,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1746 et secundum quod est absens, nam secundum quod est praesens, facit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1747 in seipso quiescere; secundum autem quod est absens, facit ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1748 seipsum moveri. Unde ipsum delectabile secundum sensum, inquantum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1749 appetitum sibi adaptat quodammodo et conformat, causat amorem;
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1750 inquantum vero absens attrahit ad seipsum, causat concupiscentiam;
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1751 inquantum vero praesens quietat in seipso, causat delectationem.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1752 Sic ergo concupiscentia est passio differens specie et ab amore et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1753 a delectatione. Sed concupiscere hoc delectabile vel illud, facit
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
1754 concupiscentias diversas numero.</p><p title="I-II q. 30 a. 2 ad 1"><a name="34812"><span class="ref">[34812] Iª-IIae q. 30 a. 2 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1755 ergo dicendum quod bonum delectabile non est absolute obiectum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1756 concupiscentiae, sed sub ratione absentis, sicut et sensibile sub
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1757 ratione praeteriti, est obiectum memoriae. Huiusmodi enim
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1758 particulares conditiones diversificant speciem passionum, vel etiam
53
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diff changeset
1759 potentiarum sensitivae partis, quae respicit particularia.</p><p title="I-II q. 30 a. 2 ad 2"><a name="34813"><span class="ref">[34813] Iª-IIae q. 30 a. 2 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1760 dicendum quod illa praedicatio est per causam, non per essentiam,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1761 non enim cupiditas est per se amor, sed amoris effectus, vel aliter
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1762 dicendum, quod Augustinus accipit cupiditatem large pro quolibet
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1763 motu appetitus qui potest esse respectu boni futuri. Unde
53
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diff changeset
1764 comprehendit sub se et amorem et spem.</p><p title="I-II q. 30 a. 2 ad 3"><a name="34814"><span class="ref">[34814] Iª-IIae q. 30 a. 2 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1765 dicendum quod passio quae directe opponitur concupiscentiae,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1766 innominata est, quae ita se habet ad malum, sicut concupiscentia ad
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1767 bonum. Sed quia est mali absentis sicut et timor, quandoque loco
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1768 eius ponitur timor, sicut et quandoque cupiditas loco spei. Quod
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1769 enim est parvum bonum vel malum, quasi non reputatur, et ideo pro
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1770 omni motu appetitus in bonum vel in malum futurum, ponitur spes et
53
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diff changeset
1771 timor, quae respiciunt bonum vel malum arduum.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 3</h3><p title="I-II q. 30 a. 3 arg. 1"><a name="34815"><span class="ref">[34815] Iª-IIae q. 30 a. 3 arg. 1</span></a> Ad tertium
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1772 sic proceditur. Videtur quod concupiscentiarum non sint quaedam
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1773 naturales, et quaedam non naturales. Concupiscentia enim pertinet
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1774 ad appetitum animalem, ut dictum est. Sed appetitus naturalis
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1775 dividitur contra animalem. Ergo nulla concupiscentia est
53
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diff changeset
1776 naturalis.</p><p title="I-II q. 30 a. 3 arg. 2"><a name="34816"><span class="ref">[34816] Iª-IIae q. 30 a. 3 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1777 diversitas materialis non facit diversitatem secundum speciem, sed
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1778 solum secundum numerum, quae quidem diversitas sub arte non cadit.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1779 Sed si quae sint concupiscentiae naturales et non naturales, non
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1780 differunt nisi secundum diversa concupiscibilia, quod facit
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1781 materialem differentiam, et secundum numerum tantum. Non ergo
53
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diff changeset
1782 dividendae sunt concupiscentiae per naturales et non naturales.</p><p title="I-II q. 30 a. 3 arg. 3"><a name="34817"><span class="ref">[34817] Iª-IIae q. 30 a. 3 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1783 ratio contra naturam dividitur, ut patet in II Physic. Si igitur in
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1784 homine est aliqua concupiscentia non naturalis, oportet quod sit
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1785 rationalis. Sed hoc esse non potest, quia concupiscentia cum sit
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1786 passio quaedam, pertinet ad appetitum sensitivum, non autem ad
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1787 voluntatem, quae est appetitus rationis. Non ergo sunt
53
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diff changeset
1788 concupiscentiae aliquae non naturales.</p><p title="I-II q. 30 a. 3 s. c."><a name="34818"><span class="ref">[34818] Iª-IIae q. 30 a. 3 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1789 est quod philosophus, in III Ethic. et in I Rhetoric., ponit
53
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diff changeset
1790 quasdam concupiscentias naturales, et quasdam non naturales.</p><p title="I-II q. 30 a. 3 co."><a name="34819"><span class="ref">[34819] Iª-IIae q. 30 a. 3 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1791 dicendum quod, sicut dictum est, concupiscentia est appetitus boni
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1792 delectabilis. Dupliciter autem aliquid est delectabile. Uno modo,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1793 quia est conveniens naturae animalis, sicut cibus, potus, et alia
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1794 huiusmodi. Et huiusmodi concupiscentia delectabilis dicitur
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1795 naturalis. Alio modo aliquid est delectabile, quia est conveniens
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1796 animali secundum apprehensionem, sicut cum aliquis apprehendit
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1797 aliquid ut bonum et conveniens, et per consequens delectatur in
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1798 ipso. Et huiusmodi delectabilis concupiscentia dicitur non
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1799 naturalis, et solet magis dici cupiditas. Primae ergo
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1800 concupiscentiae, naturales, communes sunt et hominibus et aliis
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1801 animalibus, quia utrisque est aliquid conveniens et delectabile
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1802 secundum naturam. Et in his etiam omnes homines conveniunt, unde et
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1803 philosophus, in III Ethic., vocat eas communes et necessarias. Sed
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1804 secundae concupiscentiae sunt propriae hominum, quorum proprium est
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1805 excogitare aliquid ut bonum et conveniens, praeter id quod natura
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1806 requirit. Unde et in I Rhetoric., philosophus dicit primas
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1807 concupiscentias esse irrationales, secundas vero cum ratione. Et
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1808 quia diversi diversimode ratiocinantur, ideo etiam secundae
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1809 dicuntur, in III Ethic., propriae et appositae, scilicet supra
53
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diff changeset
1810 naturales.</p><p title="I-II q. 30 a. 3 ad 1"><a name="34820"><span class="ref">[34820] Iª-IIae q. 30 a. 3 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28
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diff changeset
1811 ergo dicendum quod illud idem quod appetitur appetitu naturali,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1812 potest appeti appetitu animali cum fuerit apprehensum. Et secundum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1813 hoc cibi et potus et huiusmodi, quae appetuntur naturaliter, potest
53
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diff changeset
1814 esse concupiscentia naturalis.</p><p title="I-II q. 30 a. 3 ad 2"><a name="34821"><span class="ref">[34821] Iª-IIae q. 30 a. 3 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1815 dicendum quod diversitas concupiscentiarum naturalium a non
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1816 naturalibus, non est materialis tantum; sed etiam quodammodo
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1817 formalis, inquantum procedit ex diversitate obiecti activi.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1818 Obiectum autem appetitus est bonum apprehensum. Unde ad
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1819 diversitatem activi pertinet diversitas apprehensionis, prout
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1820 scilicet apprehenditur aliquid ut conveniens absoluta
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1821 apprehensione, ex qua causantur concupiscentiae naturales, quas
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1822 philosophus in Rhetoric. vocat irrationales; et prout apprehenditur
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1823 aliquid cum deliberatione, ex quo causantur concupiscentiae non
53
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parents: 28
diff changeset
1824 naturales, quae propter hoc in Rhetoric. dicuntur cum ratione.</p><p title="I-II q. 30 a. 3 ad 3"><a name="34822"><span class="ref">[34822] Iª-IIae q. 30 a. 3 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1825 dicendum quod in homine non solum est ratio universalis, quae
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1826 pertinet ad partem intellectivam; sed etiam ratio particularis,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1827 quae pertinet ad partem sensitivam, ut in primo libro dictum est.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1828 Et secundum hoc, etiam concupiscentia quae est cum ratione, potest
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1829 ad appetitum sensitivum pertinere. Et praeterea appetitus
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1830 sensitivus potest etiam a ratione universali moveri, mediante
53
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parents: 28
diff changeset
1831 imaginatione particulari.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 4</h3><p title="I-II q. 30 a. 4 arg. 1"><a name="34823"><span class="ref">[34823] Iª-IIae q. 30 a. 4 arg. 1</span></a> Ad quartum
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1832 sic proceditur. Videtur quod concupiscentia non sit infinita.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1833 Obiectum enim concupiscentiae est bonum; quod habet rationem finis.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1834 Qui autem ponit infinitum, excludit finem, ut dicitur in II
53
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diff changeset
1835 Metaphys. Concupiscentia ergo non potest esse infinita.</p><p title="I-II q. 30 a. 4 arg. 2"><a name="34824"><span class="ref">[34824] Iª-IIae q. 30 a. 4 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1836 concupiscentia est boni convenientis, cum procedat ex amore. Sed
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diff changeset
1837 infinitum, cum sit improportionatum, non potest esse conveniens.
53
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diff changeset
1838 Ergo concupiscentia non potest esse infinita.</p><p title="I-II q. 30 a. 4 arg. 3"><a name="34825"><span class="ref">[34825] Iª-IIae q. 30 a. 4 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1839 infinita non est transire, et sic in eis non est pervenire ad
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1840 ultimum. Sed concupiscenti fit delectatio per hoc quod attingit ad
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1841 ultimum. Ergo si concupiscentia esset infinita, sequeretur quod
53
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diff changeset
1842 nunquam fieret delectatio.</p><p title="I-II q. 30 a. 4 s. c."><a name="34826"><span class="ref">[34826] Iª-IIae q. 30 a. 4 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1843 est quod philosophus dicit, in I Polit., quod, in infinitum
53
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diff changeset
1844 concupiscentia existente homines infinita desiderant.</p><p title="I-II q. 30 a. 4 co."><a name="34827"><span class="ref">[34827] Iª-IIae q. 30 a. 4 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1845 dicendum quod, sicut dictum est, duplex est concupiscentia, una
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1846 naturalis, et alia non naturalis. Naturalis quidem igitur
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1847 concupiscentia non potest esse infinita in actu. Est enim eius quod
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1848 natura requirit, natura vero semper intendit in aliquid finitum et
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1849 certum. Unde nunquam homo concupiscit infinitum cibum, vel
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1850 infinitum potum. Sed sicut in natura contingit esse infinitum in
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1851 potentia per successionem, ita huiusmodi concupiscentiam contingit
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1852 infinitam esse per successionem; ut scilicet, post adeptum cibum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1853 iterum alia vice desideret cibum, vel quodcumque aliud quod natura
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1854 requirit, quia huiusmodi corporalia bona, cum adveniunt, non
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1855 perpetuo manent, sed deficiunt. Unde dixit dominus Samaritanae,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1856 Ioan. IV, <i>qui biberit ex hac aqua, sitiet iterum</i>. Sed
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1857 concupiscentia non naturalis omnino est infinita. Sequitur enim
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1858 rationem, ut dictum est, rationi autem competit in infinitum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1859 procedere. Unde qui concupiscit divitias, potest eas concupiscere,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1860 non ad aliquem certum terminum, sed simpliciter se divitem esse,
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1861 quantumcumque potest. Potest et alia ratio assignari, secundum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1862 philosophum in I Polit., quare quaedam concupiscentia sit finita,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1863 et quaedam infinita. Semper enim concupiscentia finis est infinita,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1864 finis enim per se concupiscitur, ut sanitas; unde maior sanitas
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1865 magis concupiscitur, et sic in infinitum; sicut, si album per se
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1866 disgregat, magis album magis disgregat. Concupiscentia vero eius
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1867 quod est ad finem, non est infinita, sed secundum illam mensuram
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1868 appetitur qua convenit fini. Unde qui finem ponunt in divitiis,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1869 habent concupiscentiam divitiarum in infinitum, qui autem divitias
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1870 appetunt propter necessitatem vitae, concupiscunt divitias finitas,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1871 sufficientes ad necessitatem vitae, ut philosophus dicit ibidem. Et
53
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diff changeset
1872 eadem est ratio de concupiscentia, quarumcumque aliarum rerum.</p><p title="I-II q. 30 a. 4 ad 1"><a name="34828"><span class="ref">[34828] Iª-IIae q. 30 a. 4 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1873 ergo dicendum quod omne quod concupiscitur, accipitur ut quoddam
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1874 finitum, vel quia est finitum secundum rem, prout semel
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1875 concupiscitur in actu; vel quia est finitum secundum quod cadit sub
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1876 apprehensione. Non enim potest sub ratione infiniti apprehendi,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1877 <i>quia infinitum est, cuius quantitatem accipientibus, semper est
53
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parents: 28
diff changeset
1878 aliquid extra sumere</i>, ut dicitur in III Physic.</p><p title="I-II q. 30 a. 4 ad 2"><a name="34829"><span class="ref">[34829] Iª-IIae q. 30 a. 4 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1879 dicendum quod ratio quodammodo est virtutis infinitae inquantum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1880 potest in infinitum aliquid considerare, ut apparet in additione
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1881 numerorum et linearum. Unde infinitum aliquo modo sumptum, est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1882 proportionatum rationi. Nam et universale, quod ratio apprehendit,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1883 est quodammodo infinitum, inquantum in potentia continet infinita
53
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parents: 28
diff changeset
1884 singularia.</p><p title="I-II q. 30 a. 4 ad 3"><a name="34830"><span class="ref">[34830] Iª-IIae q. 30 a. 4 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1885 dicendum quod ad hoc quod aliquis delectetur, non requiritur quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1886 omnia consequatur quae concupiscit, sed in quolibet concupito quod
53
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diff changeset
1887 consequitur, delectatur.</p></div></div><div class="q" id="q31"><h2>Quaestio 31</h2><div class="p"><h3>Prooemium</h3><p title="I-II q. 31 pr."><a name="34831"><span class="ref">[34831]
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diff changeset
1888 Iª-IIae q. 31 pr.</span></a> Deinde considerandum est de
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1889 delectatione et tristitia. Circa delectationem vero consideranda
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1890 sunt quatuor, primo, de ipsa delectatione secundum se; secundo, de
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1891 causis delectationis; tertio, de effectibus eius; quarto, de
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1892 bonitate et malitia ipsius. Circa primum quaeruntur octo. Primo,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1893 utrum delectatio sit passio. Secundo, utrum sit in tempore. Tertio,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1894 utrum differat a gaudio. Quarto, utrum sit in appetitu
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1895 intellectivo. Quinto, de comparatione delectationum superioris
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1896 appetitus, ad delectationem inferioris. Sexto, de comparatione
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1897 delectationum sensitivarum ad invicem. Septimo, utrum sit aliqua
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1898 delectatio non naturalis. Octavo, utrum delectatio possit esse
53
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parents: 28
diff changeset
1899 contraria delectationi.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 1</h3><p title="I-II q. 31 a. 1 arg. 1"><a name="34832"><span class="ref">[34832] Iª-IIae q. 31 a. 1 arg. 1</span></a> Ad primum
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1900 sic proceditur. Videtur quod delectatio non sit passio. Damascenus
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1901 enim, in II libro, distinguit operationem a passione, dicens quod
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1902 <i>operatio est motus qui est secundum naturam, passio vero est
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diff changeset
1903 motus contra naturam</i>. Sed delectatio est operatio, ut
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1904 philosophus dicit, in VII et X Ethic. Ergo delectatio non est
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1905 passio.</p><p title="I-II q. 31 a. 1 arg. 2"><a name="34833"><span class="ref">[34833] Iª-IIae q. 31 a. 1 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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1906 pati est moveri, ut dicitur in III Physic. Sed delectatio non
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1907 consistit in moveri, sed in motum esse, causatur enim delectatio ex
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1908 bono iam adepto. Ergo delectatio non est passio.</p><p title="I-II q. 31 a. 1 arg. 3"><a name="34834"><span class="ref">[34834] Iª-IIae q. 31 a. 1 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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1909 delectatio consistit in quadam perfectione delectati, perficit enim
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1910 operationem, ut dicitur in X Ethic. Sed perfici non est pati vel
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1911 alterari, ut dicitur in VII Physic. et in II de anima. Ergo
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1912 delectatio non est passio.</p><p title="I-II q. 31 a. 1 s. c."><a name="34835"><span class="ref">[34835] Iª-IIae q. 31 a. 1 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28
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1913 est quod Augustinus, in IX et XIV de Civ. Dei, ponit delectationem,
53
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1914 sive gaudium vel laetitiam, inter alias passiones animae.</p><p title="I-II q. 31 a. 1 co."><a name="34836"><span class="ref">[34836] Iª-IIae q. 31 a. 1 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
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1915 dicendum quod motus appetitus sensitivi proprie passio nominatur,
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1916 sicut supra dictum est. Affectio autem quaecumque ex apprehensione
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1917 sensitiva procedens, est motus appetitus sensitivi. Hoc autem
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1918 necesse est competere delectationi. Nam, sicut philosophus dicit in
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1919 I Rhetoric., <i>delectatio est quidam motus animae, et constitutio
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1920 simul tota et sensibilis in naturam existentem</i>. Ad cuius
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1921 intellectum, considerandum est quod, sicut contingit in rebus
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1922 naturalibus aliqua consequi suas perfectiones naturales, ita hoc
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1923 contingit in animalibus. Et quamvis moveri ad perfectionem non sit
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1924 totum simul, tamen consequi naturalem perfectionem est totum simul.
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1925 Haec autem est differentia inter animalia et alias res naturales,
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1926 quod aliae res naturales, quando constituuntur in id quod convenit
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1927 eis secundum naturam, hoc non sentiunt, sed animalia hoc sentiunt.
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1928 Et ex isto sensu causatur quidam motus animae in appetitu
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1929 sensitivo, et iste motus est delectatio. Per hoc ergo quod dicitur
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diff changeset
1930 quod delectatio est motus animae, ponitur in genere. Per hoc autem
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diff changeset
1931 quod dicitur constitutio in existentem naturam, idest in id quod
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1932 existit in natura rei, ponitur causa delectationis, scilicet
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1933 praesentia connaturalis boni. Per hoc autem quod dicitur simul
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diff changeset
1934 tota, ostendit quod constitutio non debet accipi prout est in
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1935 constitui, sed prout est in constitutum esse, quasi in termino
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1936 motus, non enim delectatio est generatio, ut Plato posuit, sed
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diff changeset
1937 magis consistit in factum esse, ut dicitur in VII Ethic. Per hoc
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1938 autem quod dicitur sensibilis, excluduntur perfectiones rerum
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1939 insensibilium, in quibus non est delectatio. Sic ergo patet quod,
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1940 cum delectatio sit motus in appetitu animali consequens
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1941 apprehensionem sensus, delectatio est passio animae.</p><p title="I-II q. 31 a. 1 ad 1"><a name="34837"><span class="ref">[34837] Iª-IIae q. 31 a. 1 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28
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1942 ergo dicendum quod operatio connaturalis non impedita, est
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1943 perfectio secunda, ut habetur in II de anima. Et ideo, quando
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1944 constituitur res in propria operatione connaturali et non impedita,
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1945 sequitur delectatio, quae consistit in perfectum esse, ut dictum
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1946 est. Sic ergo cum dicitur quod delectatio est operatio, non est
53
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1947 praedicatio per essentiam, sed per causam.</p><p title="I-II q. 31 a. 1 ad 2"><a name="34838"><span class="ref">[34838] Iª-IIae q. 31 a. 1 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
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diff changeset
1948 dicendum quod in animali duplex motus considerari potest, unus
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1949 secundum intentionem finis, qui pertinet ad appetitum, alius
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diff changeset
1950 secundum executionem, qui pertinet ad exteriorem operationem licet
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1951 ergo in eo qui iam consecutus est bonum in quo delectatur, cesset
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diff changeset
1952 motus executionis, quo tenditur ad finem; non tamen cessat motus
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diff changeset
1953 appetitivae partis, quae, sicut prius desiderabat non habitum, ita
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diff changeset
1954 postea delectatur in habito. Licet enim delectatio sit quies
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diff changeset
1955 quaedam appetitus, considerata praesentia boni delectantis, quod
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diff changeset
1956 appetitui satisfacit; tamen adhuc remanet immutatio appetitus ab
53
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1957 appetibili, ratione cuius delectatio motus quidam est.</p><p title="I-II q. 31 a. 1 ad 3"><a name="34839"><span class="ref">[34839] Iª-IIae q. 31 a. 1 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
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1958 dicendum quod, quamvis nomen passionis magis proprie conveniat
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1959 passionibus corruptivis et in malum tendentibus, sicut sunt
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diff changeset
1960 aegritudines corporales, et tristitia et timor in anima; tamen
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1961 etiam in bonum ordinantur aliquae passiones, ut supra dictum est.
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1962 Et secundum hoc delectatio dicitur passio.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 2</h3><p title="I-II q. 31 a. 2 arg. 1"><a name="34840"><span class="ref">[34840] Iª-IIae q. 31 a. 2 arg. 1</span></a> Ad secundum
28
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1963 sic proceditur. Videtur quod delectatio sit in tempore. Delectatio
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1964 enim est motus quidam, ut in I Rhetoric. philosophus dicit. Sed
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1965 motus omnis est in tempore. Ergo delectatio est in tempore.</p><p title="I-II q. 31 a. 2 arg. 2"><a name="34841"><span class="ref">[34841] Iª-IIae q. 31 a. 2 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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1966 diuturnum, vel morosum, dicitur aliquid secundum tempus. Sed
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diff changeset
1967 aliquae delectationes dicuntur morosae. Ergo delectatio est in
53
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1968 tempore.</p><p title="I-II q. 31 a. 2 arg. 3"><a name="34842"><span class="ref">[34842] Iª-IIae q. 31 a. 2 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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1969 passiones animae sunt unius generis. Sed aliquae passiones animae
53
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1970 sunt in tempore. Ergo et delectatio.</p><p title="I-II q. 31 a. 2 s. c."><a name="34843"><span class="ref">[34843] Iª-IIae q. 31 a. 2 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28
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1971 est quod philosophus dicit, in X Ethic., quod <i>secundum nullum
53
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1972 tempus accipiet quis delectationem</i>.</p><p title="I-II q. 31 a. 2 co."><a name="34844"><span class="ref">[34844] Iª-IIae q. 31 a. 2 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
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1973 dicendum quod aliquid contingit esse in tempore dupliciter, uno
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diff changeset
1974 modo, secundum se; alio modo, per aliud, et quasi per accidens.
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diff changeset
1975 Quia enim tempus est numerus successivorum, illa secundum se
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1976 dicuntur esse in tempore, de quorum ratione est successio, vel
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diff changeset
1977 aliquid ad successionem pertinens, sicut motus, quies, locutio, et
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diff changeset
1978 alia huiusmodi. Secundum aliud vero, et non per se, dicuntur esse
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diff changeset
1979 in tempore illa de quorum ratione non est aliqua successio, sed
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diff changeset
1980 tamen alicui successivo subiacent. Sicut esse hominem de sui
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diff changeset
1981 ratione non habet successionem, non enim est motus, sed terminus
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1982 motus vel mutationis, scilicet generationis ipsius, sed quia
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diff changeset
1983 humanum esse subiacet causis transmutabilibus, secundum hoc esse
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diff changeset
1984 hominem est in tempore. Sic igitur dicendum est quod delectatio
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diff changeset
1985 secundum se quidem non est in tempore, est enim delectatio in bono
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diff changeset
1986 iam adepto, quod est quasi terminus motus. Sed si illud bonum
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diff changeset
1987 adeptum transmutationi subiaceat, erit delectatio per accidens in
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1988 tempore. Si autem sit omnino intransmutabile, delectatio non erit
53
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1989 in tempore nec per se, nec per accidens.</p><p title="I-II q. 31 a. 2 ad 1"><a name="34845"><span class="ref">[34845] Iª-IIae q. 31 a. 2 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28
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diff changeset
1990 ergo dicendum quod, sicut dicitur in III de anima, motus dupliciter
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diff changeset
1991 dicitur. Uno modo, qui est actus imperfecti, scilicet existentis in
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diff changeset
1992 potentia, inquantum huiusmodi, et talis motus est successivus, et
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diff changeset
1993 in tempore. Alius autem motus est actus perfecti, idest existentis
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diff changeset
1994 in actu; sicut intelligere, sentire et velle et huiusmodi, et etiam
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1995 delectari. Et huiusmodi motus non est successivus, nec per se in
53
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1996 tempore.</p><p title="I-II q. 31 a. 2 ad 2"><a name="34846"><span class="ref">[34846] Iª-IIae q. 31 a. 2 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
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1997 dicendum quod delectatio dicitur diuturna vel morosa, secundum quod
53
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1998 per accidens est in tempore.</p><p title="I-II q. 31 a. 2 ad 3"><a name="34847"><span class="ref">[34847] Iª-IIae q. 31 a. 2 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
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diff changeset
1999 dicendum quod aliae passiones non habent pro obiecto bonum adeptum,
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diff changeset
2000 sicut delectatio. Unde plus habent de ratione motus imperfecti,
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diff changeset
2001 quam delectatio. Et per consequens magis delectationi convenit non
53
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2002 esse in tempore.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 3</h3><p title="I-II q. 31 a. 3 arg. 1"><a name="34848"><span class="ref">[34848] Iª-IIae q. 31 a. 3 arg. 1</span></a> Ad tertium
28
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diff changeset
2003 sic proceditur. Videtur quod gaudium sit omnino idem quod
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diff changeset
2004 delectatio. Passiones enim animae differunt secundum obiecta. Sed
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2005 idem est obiectum gaudii et delectationis, scilicet bonum adeptum.
53
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2006 Ergo gaudium est omnino idem quod delectatio.</p><p title="I-II q. 31 a. 3 arg. 2"><a name="34849"><span class="ref">[34849] Iª-IIae q. 31 a. 3 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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diff changeset
2007 unus motus non terminatur ad duos terminos. Sed idem est motus qui
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diff changeset
2008 terminatur ad gaudium et delectationem, scilicet concupiscentia.
53
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2009 Ergo delectatio et gaudium sunt omnino idem.</p><p title="I-II q. 31 a. 3 arg. 3"><a name="34850"><span class="ref">[34850] Iª-IIae q. 31 a. 3 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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diff changeset
2010 si gaudium est aliud a delectatione, videtur quod, pari ratione, et
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diff changeset
2011 laetitia et exultatio et iucunditas significent aliquid aliud a
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2012 delectatione, et sic erunt omnes diversae passiones. Quod videtur
53
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2013 esse falsum. Non ergo gaudium differt a delectatione.</p><p title="I-II q. 31 a. 3 s. c."><a name="34851"><span class="ref">[34851] Iª-IIae q. 31 a. 3 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28
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2014 est quod in brutis animalibus non dicimus gaudium. Sed in eis
53
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2015 dicimus delectationem. Non ergo est idem gaudium et delectatio.</p><p title="I-II q. 31 a. 3 co."><a name="34852"><span class="ref">[34852] Iª-IIae q. 31 a. 3 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
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diff changeset
2016 dicendum quod gaudium, ut Avicenna dicit in libro suo de anima, est
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diff changeset
2017 quaedam species delectationis. Est enim considerandum quod, sicut
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2018 sunt quaedam concupiscentiae naturales, quaedam autem non
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diff changeset
2019 naturales, sed consequuntur rationem, ut supra dictum est; ita
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diff changeset
2020 etiam delectationum quaedam sunt naturales, et quaedam non
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diff changeset
2021 naturales, quae sunt cum ratione. Vel, sicut Damascenus et
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diff changeset
2022 Gregorius Nyssenus dicunt, quaedam sunt corporales, quaedam
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diff changeset
2023 animales, quod in idem redit. Delectamur enim et in his quae
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2024 naturaliter concupiscimus, ea adipiscentes; et in his quae
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diff changeset
2025 concupiscimus secundum rationem. Sed nomen gaudii non habet locum
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diff changeset
2026 nisi in delectatione quae consequitur rationem, unde gaudium non
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2027 attribuimus brutis animalibus, sed solum nomen delectationis. Omne
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diff changeset
2028 autem quod concupiscimus secundum naturam, possumus etiam cum
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2029 delectatione rationis concupiscere, sed non e converso. Unde de
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diff changeset
2030 omnibus de quibus est delectatio, potest etiam esse gaudium in
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diff changeset
2031 habentibus rationem. Quamvis non semper de omnibus sit gaudium,
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diff changeset
2032 quandoque enim aliquis sentit aliquam delectationem secundum
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diff changeset
2033 corpus, de qua tamen non gaudet secundum rationem. Et secundum hoc,
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2034 patet quod delectatio est in plus quam gaudium.</p><p title="I-II q. 31 a. 3 ad 1"><a name="34853"><span class="ref">[34853] Iª-IIae q. 31 a. 3 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28
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2035 ergo dicendum quod, cum obiectum appetitus animalis sit bonum
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diff changeset
2036 apprehensum, diversitas apprehensionis pertinet quodammodo ad
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diff changeset
2037 diversitatem obiecti. Et sic delectationes animales, quae dicuntur
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diff changeset
2038 etiam gaudia, distinguuntur a delectationibus corporalibus, quae
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2039 dicuntur solum delectationes, sicut et de concupiscentiis supra
53
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2040 dictum est.</p><p title="I-II q. 31 a. 3 ad 2"><a name="34854"><span class="ref">[34854] Iª-IIae q. 31 a. 3 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
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diff changeset
2041 dicendum quod similis differentia invenitur etiam in
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diff changeset
2042 concupiscentiis, ita quod delectatio respondeat concupiscentiae, et
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diff changeset
2043 gaudium respondeat desiderio, quod magis videtur pertinere ad
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diff changeset
2044 concupiscentiam animalem. Et sic secundum differentiam motus, est
53
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2045 etiam differentia quietis.</p><p title="I-II q. 31 a. 3 ad 3"><a name="34855"><span class="ref">[34855] Iª-IIae q. 31 a. 3 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
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diff changeset
2046 dicendum quod alia nomina ad delectationem pertinentia, sunt
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diff changeset
2047 imposita ab effectibus delectationis, nam laetitia imponitur a
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2048 dilatatione cordis, ac si diceretur latitia; exultatio vero dicitur
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2049 ab exterioribus signis delectationis interioris, quae apparent
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2050 exterius, inquantum scilicet interius gaudium prosilit ad
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2051 exteriora; iucunditas vero dicitur a quibusdam specialibus
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2052 laetitiae signis vel effectibus. Et tamen omnia ista nomina
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2053 videntur pertinere ad gaudium, non enim utimur eis nisi in naturis
53
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diff changeset
2054 rationalibus.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 4</h3><p title="I-II q. 31 a. 4 arg. 1"><a name="34856"><span class="ref">[34856] Iª-IIae q. 31 a. 4 arg. 1</span></a> Ad quartum
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2055 sic proceditur. Videtur quod delectatio non sit in appetitu
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2056 intellectivo. Dicit enim philosophus, in I Rhetoric., quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2057 <i>delectatio est motus quidam sensibilis</i>. Sed motus sensibilis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2058 non est in parte intellectiva. Ergo delectatio non est in parte
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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diff changeset
2059 intellectiva.</p><p title="I-II q. 31 a. 4 arg. 2"><a name="34857"><span class="ref">[34857] Iª-IIae q. 31 a. 4 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2060 delectatio est passio quaedam. Sed omnis passio est in appetitu
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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diff changeset
2061 sensitivo. Ergo delectatio non est nisi in appetitu sensitivo.</p><p title="I-II q. 31 a. 4 arg. 3"><a name="34858"><span class="ref">[34858] Iª-IIae q. 31 a. 4 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2062 delectatio est communis nobis et brutis. Ergo non est nisi in parte
53
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diff changeset
2063 quae nobis et brutis communis est.</p><p title="I-II q. 31 a. 4 s. c."><a name="34859"><span class="ref">[34859] Iª-IIae q. 31 a. 4 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2064 est quod in Psalmo XXXVI, dicitur, <i>delectare in domino</i>. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2065 ad Deum non potest extendi appetitus sensitivus, sed solum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2066 intellectivus. Ergo delectatio potest esse in appetitu
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
2067 intellectivo.</p><p title="I-II q. 31 a. 4 co."><a name="34860"><span class="ref">[34860] Iª-IIae q. 31 a. 4 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2068 dicendum quod, sicut dictum est, delectatio quaedam sequitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2069 apprehensionem rationis. Ad apprehensionem autem rationis, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2070 solum commovetur appetitus sensitivus, per applicationem ad aliquid
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2071 particulare; sed etiam appetitus intellectivus, qui dicitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2072 voluntas. Et secundum hoc, in appetitu intellectivo, sive in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2073 voluntate, est delectatio quae dicitur gaudium, non autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2074 delectatio corporalis. Hoc tamen interest inter delectationem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2075 utriusque appetitus, quod delectatio appetitus sensibilis est cum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2076 aliqua transmutatione corporali, delectatio autem appetitus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2077 intellectivi nihil aliud est quam simplex motus voluntatis. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2078 secundum hoc Augustinus dicit, in XIV de Civ. Dei, quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2079 <i>cupiditas et laetitia non est aliud quam voluntas in eorum
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
2080 consensione quae volumus</i>.</p><p title="I-II q. 31 a. 4 ad 1"><a name="34861"><span class="ref">[34861] Iª-IIae q. 31 a. 4 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2081 ergo dicendum quod in illa definitione philosophi, sensibile
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2082 ponitur communiter pro quacumque apprehensione. Dicit enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2083 philosophus in X Ethic., quod <i>secundum omnem sensum est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2084 delectatio; similiter autem et secundum intellectum et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2085 speculationem</i>. Vel potest dici quod ipse definit delectationem
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
2086 appetitus sensitivi.</p><p title="I-II q. 31 a. 4 ad 2"><a name="34862"><span class="ref">[34862] Iª-IIae q. 31 a. 4 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2087 dicendum quod delectatio habet rationem passionis, proprie
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2088 loquendo, inquantum est cum aliqua transmutatione corporali. Et sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2089 non est in appetitu intellectivo, sed secundum simplicem motum, sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2090 enim etiam est in Deo et in Angelis. Unde dicit philosophus, in VII
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2091 Ethic., quod Deus una simplici operatione gaudet. Et Dionysius
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2092 dicit, in fine Cael. Hier., quod <i>Angeli non sunt susceptibiles
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2093 nostrae passibilis delectationis, sed congaudent Deo secundum
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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diff changeset
2094 incorruptionis laetitiam</i>.</p><p title="I-II q. 31 a. 4 ad 3"><a name="34863"><span class="ref">[34863] Iª-IIae q. 31 a. 4 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2095 dicendum quod in nobis non solum est delectatio in qua communicamus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2096 cum brutis, sed etiam in qua communicamus cum Angelis. Unde ibidem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2097 Dionysius dicit quod <i>sancti homines multoties fiunt in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2098 participatione delectationum angelicarum</i>. Et ita in nobis est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2099 delectatio non solum in appetitu sensitivo, in quo communicamus cum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2100 brutis; sed etiam in appetitu intellectivo, in quo communicamus cum
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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diff changeset
2101 Angelis.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 5</h3><p title="I-II q. 31 a. 5 arg. 1"><a name="34864"><span class="ref">[34864] Iª-IIae q. 31 a. 5 arg. 1</span></a> Ad quintum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2102 sic proceditur. Videtur quod delectationes corporales et sensibiles
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2103 sint maiores delectationibus spiritualibus intelligibilibus. Omnes
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2104 enim aliquam delectationem sequuntur, secundum philosophum, in X
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2105 Ethic. Sed plures sequuntur delectationes sensibiles, quam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2106 delectationes spirituales intelligibiles. Ergo delectationes
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2107 corporales sunt maiores.</p><p title="I-II q. 31 a. 5 arg. 2"><a name="34865"><span class="ref">[34865] Iª-IIae q. 31 a. 5 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2108 magnitudo causae ex effectu cognoscitur. Sed delectationes
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2109 corporales habent fortiores effectus, <i>transmutant enim corpus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2110 et quibusdam insanias faciunt</i>, ut dicitur in VII Ethic. Ergo
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
2111 delectationes corporales sunt fortiores.</p><p title="I-II q. 31 a. 5 arg. 3"><a name="34866"><span class="ref">[34866] Iª-IIae q. 31 a. 5 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2112 delectationes corporales oportet temperare et refraenare, propter
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2113 earum vehementiam. Sed delectationes spirituales non oportet
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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diff changeset
2114 refraenare. Ergo delectationes corporales sunt maiores.</p><p title="I-II q. 31 a. 5 s. c."><a name="34867"><span class="ref">[34867] Iª-IIae q. 31 a. 5 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2115 est quod dicitur in Psalmo CXVIII, <i>quam dulcia faucibus meis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2116 eloquia tua, super mel ori meo</i>. Et philosophus dicit, in X
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2117 Ethic., quod <i>maxima delectatio est quae est secundum operationem
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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diff changeset
2118 sapientiae</i>.</p><p title="I-II q. 31 a. 5 co."><a name="34868"><span class="ref">[34868] Iª-IIae q. 31 a. 5 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2119 dicendum quod, sicut iam dictum est, delectatio provenit ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2120 coniunctione convenientis quae sentitur vel cognoscitur. In
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2121 operibus autem animae, praecipue sensitivae et intellectivae, est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2122 hoc considerandum, quod, cum non transeant in materiam exteriorem,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2123 sunt actus vel perfectiones operantis, scilicet intelligere,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2124 sentire, velle, et huiusmodi, nam actiones quae transeunt in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2125 exteriorem materiam, magis sunt actiones et perfectiones materiae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2126 transmutatae; motus enim est actus mobilis a movente. Sic igitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2127 praedictae actiones animae sensitivae et intellectivae, et ipsae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2128 sunt quoddam bonum operantis, et sunt etiam cognitae per sensum vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2129 intellectum. Unde etiam ex ipsis consurgit delectatio, et non solum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2130 ex eorum obiectis. Si igitur comparentur delectationes
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2131 intelligibiles delectationibus sensibilibus, secundum quod
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2132 delectamur in ipsis actionibus, puta in cognitione sensus et in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2133 cognitione intellectus; non est dubium quod multo sunt maiores
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2134 delectationes intelligibiles quam sensibiles. Multo enim magis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2135 delectatur homo de hoc quod cognoscit aliquid intelligendo, quam de
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2136 hoc quod cognoscit aliquid sentiendo. Quia intellectualis cognitio
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2137 et perfectior est, et etiam magis cognoscitur, quia intellectus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2138 magis reflectitur supra actum suum quam sensus. Est etiam cognitio
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2139 intellectiva magis dilecta, nullus enim est qui non magis vellet
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2140 carere visu corporali quam visu intellectuali, eo modo quo bestiae
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2141 vel stulti carent, sicut Augustinus dicit, in libro de Civ. Dei.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2142 Sed si comparentur delectationes intelligibiles spirituales
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2143 delectationibus sensibilibus corporalibus, sic, secundum se et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2144 simpliciter loquendo, delectationes spirituales sunt maiores. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2145 hoc apparet secundum tria quae requiruntur ad delectationem,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2146 scilicet bonum coniunctum, et id cui coniungitur, et ipsa
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2147 coniunctio. Nam ipsum bonum spirituale et est maius quam corporale
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2148 bonum; et est magis dilectum. Cuius signum est quod homines etiam a
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2149 maximis corporalibus voluptatibus abstinent, ut non perdant
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2150 honorem, qui est bonum intelligibile. Similiter etiam ipsa pars
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2151 intellectiva est multo nobilior, et magis cognoscitiva, quam pars
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2152 sensitiva. Coniunctio etiam utriusque est magis intima, et magis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2153 perfecta, et magis firma. Intimior quidem est, quia sensus sistit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2154 circa exteriora accidentia rei, intellectus vero penetrat usque ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2155 rei essentiam; obiectum enim intellectus est quod quid est.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2156 Perfectior autem est, quia coniunctioni sensibilis ad sensum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2157 adiungitur motus, qui est actus imperfectus, unde et delectationes
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2158 sensibiles non sunt totae simul, sed in eis aliquid pertransit, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2159 aliquid expectatur consummandum, ut patet in delectatione ciborum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2160 et venereorum. Sed intelligibilia sunt absque motu, unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2161 delectationes tales sunt totae simul. Est etiam firmior, quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2162 delectabilia corporalia sunt corruptibilia, et cito deficiunt; bona
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2163 vero spiritualia sunt incorruptibilia. Sed quoad nos, delectationes
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2164 corporales sunt magis vehementes, propter tria. Primo, quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2165 sensibilia sunt magis nota, quoad nos, quam intelligibilia. Secundo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2166 etiam, quia delectationes sensibiles, cum sint passiones sensitivi
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2167 appetitus, sunt cum aliqua transmutatione corporali. Quod non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2168 contingit in delectationibus spiritualibus, nisi per quandam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2169 redundantiam a superiori appetitu in inferiorem. Tertio, quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2170 delectationes corporales appetuntur ut medicinae quaedam contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2171 corporales defectus vel molestias, ex quibus tristitiae quaedam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2172 consequuntur. Unde delectationes corporales, tristitiis huiusmodi
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2173 supervenientes, magis sentiuntur, et per consequens magis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2174 acceptantur, quam delectationes spirituales quae non habent
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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diff changeset
2175 tristitias contrarias, ut infra dicetur.</p><p title="I-II q. 31 a. 5 ad 1"><a name="34869"><span class="ref">[34869] Iª-IIae q. 31 a. 5 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28
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diff changeset
2176 ergo dicendum quod ideo plures sequuntur delectationes corporales,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2177 quia bona sensibilia sunt magis et pluribus nota. Et etiam quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2178 homines indigent delectationibus ut medicinis contra multiplices
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2179 dolores et tristitias, et cum plures hominum non possint attingere
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2180 ad delectationes spirituales, quae sunt propriae virtuosorum,
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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diff changeset
2181 consequens et quod declinent ad corporales.</p><p title="I-II q. 31 a. 5 ad 2"><a name="34870"><span class="ref">[34870] Iª-IIae q. 31 a. 5 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2182 dicendum quod transmutatio corporis magis contingit ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2183 delectationibus corporalibus, inquantum sunt passiones appetitus
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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diff changeset
2184 sensitivi.</p><p title="I-II q. 31 a. 5 ad 3"><a name="34871"><span class="ref">[34871] Iª-IIae q. 31 a. 5 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2185 dicendum quod delectationes corporales sunt secundum partem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2186 sensitivam, quae regulatur ratione, et ideo indigent temperari et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2187 refraenari per rationem. Sed delectationes spirituales sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2188 secundum mentem, quae est ipsa regula, unde sunt secundum seipsas
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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diff changeset
2189 sobriae et moderatae.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 6</h3><p title="I-II q. 31 a. 6 arg. 1"><a name="34872"><span class="ref">[34872] Iª-IIae q. 31 a. 6 arg. 1</span></a> Ad sextum
28
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diff changeset
2190 sic proceditur. Videtur quod delectationes quae sunt secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2191 tactum, non sint maiores delectationibus quae sunt secundum alios
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2192 sensus. Illa enim delectatio videtur esse maxima, qua exclusa, omne
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2193 gaudium cessat. Sed talis est delectatio quae est secundum visum,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2194 dicitur enim Tobiae V, <i>quale gaudium erit mihi, qui in tenebris
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diff changeset
2195 sedeo, et lumen caeli non video?</i> Ergo delectatio quae est per
53
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diff changeset
2196 visum, est maxima inter sensibiles delectationes.</p><p title="I-II q. 31 a. 6 arg. 2"><a name="34873"><span class="ref">[34873] Iª-IIae q. 31 a. 6 arg. 2</span></a>
28
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diff changeset
2197 <i>Praeterea, unicuique fit delectabile illud quod amat</i>, ut
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2198 philosophus dicit, in I Rhetoric. Sed inter alios sensus maxime
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2199 diligitur visus. Ergo delectatio quae est secundum visum, est
53
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diff changeset
2200 maxima.</p><p title="I-II q. 31 a. 6 arg. 3"><a name="34874"><span class="ref">[34874] Iª-IIae q. 31 a. 6 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2201 principium amicitiae delectabilis maxime est visio. Sed causa talis
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2202 amicitiae est delectatio. Ergo secundum visum videtur esse maxime
53
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diff changeset
2203 delectatio.</p><p title="I-II q. 31 a. 6 s. c."><a name="34875"><span class="ref">[34875] Iª-IIae q. 31 a. 6 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28
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diff changeset
2204 est quod philosophus dicit, in III Ethic., quod maximae
53
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diff changeset
2205 delectationes sunt secundum tactum.</p><p title="I-II q. 31 a. 6 co."><a name="34876"><span class="ref">[34876] Iª-IIae q. 31 a. 6 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
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diff changeset
2206 dicendum quod, sicut iam dictum est, unumquodque, inquantum amatur,
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diff changeset
2207 efficitur delectabile. Sensus autem, ut dicitur in principio
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2208 Metaphys., propter duo diliguntur, scilicet propter cognitionem, et
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2209 propter utilitatem. Unde et utroque modo contingit esse
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2210 delectationem secundum sensum. Sed quia apprehendere ipsam
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2211 cognitionem tanquam bonum quoddam, proprium est hominis; ideo
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2212 primae delectationes sensuum, quae scilicet sunt secundum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2213 cognitionem, sunt propriae hominum, delectationes autem sensuum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2214 inquantum diliguntur propter utilitatem, sunt communes omnibus
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2215 animalibus. Si igitur loquamur de delectatione sensus quae est
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2216 ratione cognitionis, manifestum est quod secundum visum est maior
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2217 delectatio quam secundum aliquem alium sensum. Si autem loquamur de
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2218 delectatione sensus quae est ratione utilitatis, sic maxima
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2219 delectatio est secundum tactum. Utilitas enim sensibilium
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2220 attenditur secundum ordinem ad conservationem naturae animalis. Ad
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2221 hanc autem utilitatem propinquius se habent sensibilia tactus, est
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2222 enim tactus cognoscitivus eorum ex quibus consistit animal,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2223 scilicet calidi et frigidi, et huiusmodi. Unde secundum hoc,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2224 delectationes quae sunt secundum tactum, sunt maiores, quasi fini
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2225 propinquiores. Et propter hoc etiam, alia animalia, quae non habent
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2226 delectationem secundum sensum nisi ratione utilitatis, non
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2227 delectantur secundum alios sensus, nisi in ordine ad sensibilia
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2228 tactus, <i>neque enim odoribus leporum canes gaudent, sed
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2229 cibatione; neque leo voce bovis, sed comestione</i>, ut dicitur in
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2230 III Ethic. Cum igitur delectatio tactus sit maxima ratione
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2231 utilitatis, delectatio autem visus ratione cognitionis; si quis
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2232 utramque comparare velit, inveniet simpliciter delectationem tactus
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2233 esse maiorem delectatione visus, secundum quod sistit infra limites
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2234 sensibilis delectationis. Quia manifestum est quod id quod est
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2235 naturale in unoquoque, est potentissimum. Huiusmodi autem
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2236 delectationes tactus sunt ad quas ordinantur concupiscentiae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2237 naturales, sicut cibi, et venerea, et huiusmodi. Sed si
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2238 consideremus delectationes visus, secundum quod visus deservit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2239 intellectui; sic delectationes visus erunt potiores, ea ratione qua
53
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diff changeset
2240 et intelligibiles delectationes sunt potiores sensibilibus.</p><p title="I-II q. 31 a. 6 ad 1"><a name="34877"><span class="ref">[34877] Iª-IIae q. 31 a. 6 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2241 ergo dicendum quod gaudium, sicut supra dictum est, significat
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2242 animalem delectationem, et haec maxime pertinet ad visum. Sed
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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diff changeset
2243 delectatio naturalis maxime pertinet ad tactum.</p><p title="I-II q. 31 a. 6 ad 2"><a name="34878"><span class="ref">[34878] Iª-IIae q. 31 a. 6 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2244 dicendum quod visus maxime diligitur propter cognitionem, eo quod
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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diff changeset
2245 multas rerum differentias nobis ostendit, ut ibidem dicitur.</p><p title="I-II q. 31 a. 6 ad 3"><a name="34879"><span class="ref">[34879] Iª-IIae q. 31 a. 6 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2246 dicendum quod alio modo delectatio est causa amoris carnalis, et
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2247 alio modo visio. Nam delectatio, et maxime quae est secundum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2248 tactum, est causa amicitiae delectabilis per modum finis, visio
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2249 autem est causa sicut unde est principium motus, inquantum per
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2250 visum amabilis imprimitur species rei, quae allicit ad amandum et
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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diff changeset
2251 ad concupiscendum eius delectationem.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 7</h3><p title="I-II q. 31 a. 7 arg. 1"><a name="34880"><span class="ref">[34880] Iª-IIae q. 31 a. 7 arg. 1</span></a> Ad septimum
28
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diff changeset
2252 sic proceditur. Videtur quod nulla delectatio sit innaturalis.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2253 Delectatio enim in affectibus animae proportionatur quieti in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2254 corporibus. Sed appetitus corporis naturalis non quiescit nisi in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2255 loco connaturali. Ergo nec quies appetitus animalis, quae est
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2256 delectatio, potest esse nisi in aliquo connaturali. Nulla ergo
53
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diff changeset
2257 delectatio est non naturalis.</p><p title="I-II q. 31 a. 7 arg. 2"><a name="34881"><span class="ref">[34881] Iª-IIae q. 31 a. 7 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2258 illud quod est contra naturam, est violentum. Sed omne violentum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2259 est contristans, ut dicitur in V Metaphys. Ergo nihil quod est
53
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parents: 28
diff changeset
2260 contra naturam, potest esse delectabile.</p><p title="I-II q. 31 a. 7 arg. 3"><a name="34882"><span class="ref">[34882] Iª-IIae q. 31 a. 7 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2261 constitui in propriam naturam, cum sentitur, causat delectationem;
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2262 ut patet ex definitione philosophi supra posita. Sed constitui in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2263 naturam, unicuique est naturale, quia motus naturalis est qui est
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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diff changeset
2264 ad terminum naturalem. Ergo omnis delectatio est naturalis.</p><p title="I-II q. 31 a. 7 s. c."><a name="34883"><span class="ref">[34883] Iª-IIae q. 31 a. 7 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28
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diff changeset
2265 est quod philosophus dicit, in VII Ethic., quod quaedam
53
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diff changeset
2266 delectationes sunt aegritudinales et contra naturam.</p><p title="I-II q. 31 a. 7 co."><a name="34884"><span class="ref">[34884] Iª-IIae q. 31 a. 7 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2267 dicendum quod naturale dicitur quod est secundum naturam, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2268 dicitur in II Physic. Natura autem in homine dupliciter sumi
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2269 potest. Uno modo, prout intellectus et ratio est potissime hominis
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2270 natura, quia secundum eam homo in specie constituitur. Et secundum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2271 hoc, naturales delectationes hominum dici possunt quae sunt in eo
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2272 quod convenit homini secundum rationem, sicut delectari in
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2273 contemplatione veritatis, et in actibus virtutum, est naturale
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2274 homini. Alio modo potest sumi natura in homine secundum quod
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2275 condividitur rationi, id scilicet quod est commune homini et aliis,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2276 praecipue quod rationi non obedit. Et secundum hoc, ea quae
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2277 pertinent ad conservationem corporis, vel secundum individuum, ut
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2278 cibus, potus, lectus, et huiusmodi, vel secundum speciem, sicut
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2279 venereorum usus, dicuntur homini delectabilia naturaliter. Secundum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2280 utrasque autem delectationes, contingit aliquas esse innaturales,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2281 simpliciter loquendo, sed connaturales secundum quid. Contingit
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2282 enim in aliquo individuo corrumpi aliquod principiorum naturalium
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2283 speciei; et sic id quod est contra naturam speciei, fieri per
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2284 accidens naturale huic individuo; sicut huic aquae calefactae est
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2285 naturale quod calefaciat. Ita igitur contingit quod id quod est
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2286 contra naturam hominis, vel quantum ad rationem, vel quantum ad
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2287 corporis conservationem, fiat huic homini connaturale, propter
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2288 aliquam corruptionem naturae in eo existentem. Quae quidem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2289 corruptio potest esse vel ex parte corporis, sive ex aegritudine,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2290 sicut febricitantibus dulcia videntur amara et e converso; sive
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2291 propter malam complexionem, sicut aliqui delectantur in comestione
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2292 terrae vel carbonum, vel aliquorum huiusmodi, vel etiam ex parte
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2293 animae, sicut propter consuetudinem aliqui, delectantur in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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diff changeset
2294 comedendo homines, vel in coitu bestiarum aut masculorum, aut
53
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diff changeset
2295 aliorum huiusmodi, quae non sunt secundum naturam humanam.</p><p title="I-II q. 31 a. 7 ad arg."><a name="34885"><span class="ref">[34885] Iª-IIae q. 31 a. 7 ad arg.</span></a> Et per hoc
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
2296 patet responsio ad obiecta.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 8</h3><p title="I-II q. 31 a. 8 arg. 1"><a name="34886"><span class="ref">[34886] Iª-IIae q. 31 a. 8 arg. 1</span></a> Ad octavum
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2297 sic proceditur. Videtur quod delectationi non sit delectatio
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2298 contraria. Passiones enim animae speciem et contrarietatem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2299 recipiunt secundum obiecta. Obiectum autem delectationis est bonum.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2300 Cum igitur bonum non sit contrarium bono, sed bonum malo
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2301 contrarietur, et malum malo, ut dicitur in praedicamentis; videtur
53
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parents: 28
diff changeset
2302 quod delectatio non sit contraria delectationi.</p><p title="I-II q. 31 a. 8 arg. 2"><a name="34887"><span class="ref">[34887] Iª-IIae q. 31 a. 8 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2303 uni unum est contrarium, ut probatur in X Metaphys. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2304 delectationi contraria est tristitia. Non ergo delectationi
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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diff changeset
2305 contraria est delectatio.</p><p title="I-II q. 31 a. 8 arg. 3"><a name="34888"><span class="ref">[34888] Iª-IIae q. 31 a. 8 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2306 si delectationi contraria est delectatio hoc non est nisi propter
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2307 contrarietatem eorum in quibus aliquis delectatur. Sed haec
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2308 differentia est materialis, contrarietas autem est differentia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2309 secundum formam, ut dicitur in X Metaphys. Ergo contrarietas non
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
2310 est delectationis ad delectationem.</p><p title="I-II q. 31 a. 8 s. c."><a name="34889"><span class="ref">[34889] Iª-IIae q. 31 a. 8 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra,
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2311 ea quae se impediunt, in eodem genere existentia, secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2312 philosophum, sunt contraria. Sed quaedam delectationes se invicem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2313 impediunt ut dicitur in X Ethic. Ergo aliquae delectationes sunt
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
2314 contrariae.</p><p title="I-II q. 31 a. 8 co."><a name="34890"><span class="ref">[34890] Iª-IIae q. 31 a. 8 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2315 dicendum quod delectatio in affectionibus animae, sicut dictum est,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2316 proportionatur quieti in corporibus naturalibus. Dicuntur autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2317 duae quietes esse contrariae, quae sunt in contrariis terminis;
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2318 sicut quies quae est sursum, ei quae est deorsum, ut dicitur V
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2319 Physic. Unde et contingit in affectibus animae duas delectationes
53
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diff changeset
2320 esse contrarias.</p><p title="I-II q. 31 a. 8 ad 1"><a name="34891"><span class="ref">[34891] Iª-IIae q. 31 a. 8 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2321 ergo dicendum quod verbum illud philosophi est intelligendum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2322 secundum quod bonum et malum accipitur in virtutibus et vitiis, nam
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2323 inveniuntur duo contraria vitia, non autem invenitur virtus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2324 contraria virtuti. In aliis autem nil prohibet duo bona esse ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2325 invicem contraria, sicut calidum et frigidum, quorum unum est bonum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2326 igni, alterum aquae. Et per hunc modum delectatio potest esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2327 delectationi contraria. Sed hoc in bono virtutis esse non potest,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2328 quia bonum virtutis non accipitur nisi per convenientiam ad aliquid
53
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diff changeset
2329 unum, scilicet rationem.</p><p title="I-II q. 31 a. 8 ad 2"><a name="34892"><span class="ref">[34892] Iª-IIae q. 31 a. 8 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2330 dicendum quod delectatio se habet in affectibus animae, sicut quies
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2331 naturalis in corporibus, est enim in aliquo convenienti et quasi
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2332 connaturali. Tristitia autem se habet sicut quies violenta,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2333 tristabile enim repugnat appetitui animali, sicut locus quietis
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2334 violentae appetitui naturali. Quieti autem naturali opponitur et
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2335 quies violenta eiusdem corporis, et quies naturalis alterius, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2336 dicitur in V Physic. Unde delectationi opponitur et delectatio et
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
2337 tristitia.</p><p title="I-II q. 31 a. 8 ad 3"><a name="34893"><span class="ref">[34893] Iª-IIae q. 31 a. 8 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2338 dicendum quod ea in quibus delectamur, cum sint obiecta
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2339 delectationis, non solum faciunt differentiam materialem, sed etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2340 formalem, si sit diversa ratio delectabilitatis. Diversa enim ratio
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2341 obiecti diversificat speciem actus vel passionis, ut ex supradictis
53
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diff changeset
2342 patet.</p></div></div><div class="q" id="q32"><h2>Quaestio 32</h2><div class="p"><h3>Prooemium</h3><p title="I-II q. 32 pr."><a name="34894"><span class="ref">[34894]
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diff changeset
2343 Iª-IIae q. 32 pr.</span></a> Deinde considerandum est de
28
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diff changeset
2344 causis delectationis. Et circa hoc quaeruntur octo. Primo, utrum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2345 operatio sit causa propria delectationis. Secundo, utrum motus sit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2346 causa delectationis. Tertio, utrum spes et memoria. Quarto, utrum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2347 tristitia. Quinto, utrum actiones aliorum sint nobis delectationis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2348 causa. Sexto, utrum benefacere alteri sit causa delectationis.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2349 Septimo, utrum similitudo sit causa delectationis. Octavo, utrum
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2350 admiratio sit causa delectationis.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 1</h3><p title="I-II q. 32 a. 1 arg. 1"><a name="34895"><span class="ref">[34895] Iª-IIae q. 32 a. 1 arg. 1</span></a> Ad primum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2351 sic proceditur. Videtur quod operatio non sit propria et prima
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2352 causa delectationis. Ut enim philosophus dicit, in I Rhetoric.,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2353 <i>delectari consistit in hoc quod sensus aliquid patiatur</i>,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2354 requiritur enim ad delectationem cognitio, sicut dictum est. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2355 per prius sunt cognoscibilia obiecta operationum quam ipsae
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2356 operationes. Ergo operatio non est propria causa delectationis.</p><p title="I-II q. 32 a. 1 arg. 2"><a name="34896"><span class="ref">[34896] Iª-IIae q. 32 a. 1 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2357 delectatio potissime consistit in fine adepto, hoc enim est quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2358 praecipue concupiscitur. Sed non semper operatio est finis, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2359 quandoque ipsum operatum. Non ergo operatio est propria et per se
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2360 causa delectationis.</p><p title="I-II q. 32 a. 1 arg. 3"><a name="34897"><span class="ref">[34897] Iª-IIae q. 32 a. 1 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2361 otium et requies dicuntur per cessationem operationis. Haec autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2362 sunt delectabilia, ut dicitur in I Rhetoric. Non ergo operatio est
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2363 propria causa delectationis.</p><p title="I-II q. 32 a. 1 s. c."><a name="34898"><span class="ref">[34898] Iª-IIae q. 32 a. 1 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2364 est quod philosophus dicit, VII et X Ethic., quod <i>delectatio est
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2365 operatio connaturalis non impedita</i>.</p><p title="I-II q. 32 a. 1 co."><a name="34899"><span class="ref">[34899] Iª-IIae q. 32 a. 1 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2366 dicendum quod, sicut supra dictum est, ad delectationem duo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2367 requiruntur, scilicet consecutio boni convenientis, et cognitio
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2368 huiusmodi adeptionis. Utrumque autem horum in quadam operatione
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2369 consistit, nam actualis cognitio operatio quaedam est; similiter
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2370 bonum conveniens adipiscimur aliqua operatione. Ipsa etiam operatio
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2371 propria est quoddam bonum conveniens. Unde oportet quod omnis
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2372 delectatio aliquam operationem consequatur.</p><p title="I-II q. 32 a. 1 ad 1"><a name="34900"><span class="ref">[34900] Iª-IIae q. 32 a. 1 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2373 ergo dicendum quod ipsa obiecta operationum non sunt delectabilia,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2374 nisi inquantum coniunguntur nobis, vel per cognitionem solam, sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2375 cum delectamur in consideratione vel inspectione aliquorum; vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2376 quocumque alio modo simul cum cognitione, sicut cum aliquis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2377 delectatur in hoc quod cognoscit se habere quodcumque bonum, puta
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2378 divitias vel honorem vel aliquid huiusmodi; quae quidem non essent
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2379 delectabilia, nisi inquantum apprehenduntur ut habita. Ut enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2380 philosophus dicit, in II Polit., <i>magnam delectationem habet
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2381 putare aliquid sibi proprium; quae procedit ex naturali amore
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2382 alicuius ad seipsum</i>. Habere autem huiusmodi nihil est aliud
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2383 quam uti eis, vel posse uti. Et hoc est per aliquam operationem.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2384 Unde manifestum est quod omnis delectatio in operationem reducitur
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2385 sicut in causam.</p><p title="I-II q. 32 a. 1 ad 2"><a name="34901"><span class="ref">[34901] Iª-IIae q. 32 a. 1 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2386 dicendum quod etiam in illis in quibus operationes non sunt fines,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2387 sed operata, ipsa operata sunt delectabilia inquantum sunt habita
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2388 vel facta. Quod refertur ad aliquem usum vel operationem.</p><p title="I-II q. 32 a. 1 ad 3"><a name="34902"><span class="ref">[34902] Iª-IIae q. 32 a. 1 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2389 dicendum quod operationes sunt delectabiles, inquantum sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2390 proportionatae et connaturales operanti. Cum autem virtus humana
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2391 sit finita, secundum aliquam mensuram operatio est sibi
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2392 proportionata. Unde si excedat illam mensuram, iam non erit sibi
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2393 proportionata, nec delectabilis, sed magis laboriosa et attaedians.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2394 Et secundum hoc, otium et ludus et alia quae ad requiem pertinent,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2395 delectabilia sunt, inquantum auferunt tristitiam quae est ex
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2396 labore.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 2</h3><p title="I-II q. 32 a. 2 arg. 1"><a name="34903"><span class="ref">[34903] Iª-IIae q. 32 a. 2 arg. 1</span></a> Ad secundum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2397 sic proceditur. Videtur quod motus non sit causa delectationis.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2398 Quia, sicut supra dictum est, bonum praesentialiter adeptum est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2399 causa delectationis, unde philosophus, in VII Ethic., dicit quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2400 delectatio non comparatur generationi, sed operationi rei iam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2401 existentis. Id autem quod movetur ad aliquid, nondum habet illud;
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2402 sed quodammodo est in via generationis respectu illius, secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2403 quod omni motui adiungitur generatio et corruptio, ut dicitur in
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2404 VIII Physic. Ergo motus non est causa delectationis.</p><p title="I-II q. 32 a. 2 arg. 2"><a name="34904"><span class="ref">[34904] Iª-IIae q. 32 a. 2 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2405 motus praecipue laborem et lassitudinem inducit in operibus. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2406 operationes, ex hoc quod sunt laboriosae et lassantes, non sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2407 delectabiles, sed magis afflictivae. Ergo motus non est causa
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2408 delectationis.</p><p title="I-II q. 32 a. 2 arg. 3"><a name="34905"><span class="ref">[34905] Iª-IIae q. 32 a. 2 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2409 motus importat innovationem quandam, quae opponitur consuetudini.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2410 Sed ea quae sunt consueta, sunt nobis delectabilia, ut philosophus
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2411 dicit, in I Rhetoric. Ergo motus non est causa delectationis.</p><p title="I-II q. 32 a. 2 s. c."><a name="34906"><span class="ref">[34906] Iª-IIae q. 32 a. 2 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2412 est quod Augustinus dicit, in VIII Confess., <i>quid est hoc,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2413 domine Deus meus, cum tu aeternum tibi tu ipse sis gaudium; et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2414 quaedam de te circa te semper gaudeant; quod haec rerum pars
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2415 alterno defectu et profectu, offensionibus et conciliationibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2416 gaudet?</i> Ex quo accipitur quod homines gaudent et delectantur in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2417 quibusdam alternationibus. Et sic motus videtur esse causa
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2418 delectationis.</p><p title="I-II q. 32 a. 2 co."><a name="34907"><span class="ref">[34907] Iª-IIae q. 32 a. 2 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2419 dicendum quod ad delectationem tria requiruntur, scilicet duo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2420 quorum est coniunctio delectabilis; et tertium, quod est cognitio
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2421 huius coniunctionis. Et secundum haec tria motus efficitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2422 delectabilis, ut philosophus dicit, in VII Ethic. et in I Rhetoric.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2423 Nam ex parte nostra qui delectamur, transmutatio efficitur nobis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2424 delectabilis propter hoc, quod natura nostra transmutabilis est; et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2425 propter hoc, quod est nobis conveniens nunc, non erit nobis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2426 conveniens postea; sicut calefieri ad ignem est conveniens homini
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2427 in hieme, non autem in aestate. Ex parte vero boni delectantis quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2428 nobis coniungitur, fit etiam transmutatio delectabilis. Quia actio
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2429 continuata alicuius agentis auget effectum, sicut quanto aliquis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2430 diutius appropinquat igni, magis calefit et desiccatur. Naturalis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2431 autem habitudo in quadam mensura consistit. Et ideo quando
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2432 continuata praesentia delectabilis superexcedit mensuram naturalis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2433 habitudinis, efficitur remotio eius delectabilis. Ex parte vero
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2434 ipsius cognitionis, quia homo desiderat cognoscere aliquod totum et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2435 perfectum. Cum ergo aliqua non poterunt apprehendi tota simul,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2436 delectat in his transmutatio, ut unum transeat et alterum succedat,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2437 et sic totum sentiatur. Unde Augustinus dicit, in IV Confess.,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2438 <i>non vis utique stare syllabam, sed transvolare, ut aliae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2439 veniant, et totum audias. Ita semper omnia ex quibus unum aliquid
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2440 constat, et non sunt omnia simul, plus delectant omnia quam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2441 singula, si possint sentiri omnia</i>. Si ergo sit aliqua res cuius
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2442 natura sit intransmutabilis; et non possit in ea fieri excessus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2443 naturalis habitudinis per continuationem delectabilis; et quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2444 possit totum suum delectabile simul intueri, non erit ei
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2445 transmutatio delectabilis. Et quanto aliquae delectationes plus ad
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2446 hoc accedunt, tanto plus continuari possunt.</p><p title="I-II q. 32 a. 2 ad 1"><a name="34908"><span class="ref">[34908] Iª-IIae q. 32 a. 2 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2447 ergo dicendum quod id quod movetur, etsi nondum habeat perfecte id
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2448 ad quod movetur, incipit tamen iam aliquid habere eius ad quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2449 movetur, et secundum hoc, ipse motus habet aliquid delectationis.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2450 Deficit tamen a delectationis perfectione, nam perfectiores
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2451 delectationes sunt in rebus immobilibus. Motus etiam efficitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2452 delectabilis, inquantum per ipsum fit aliquid conveniens quod prius
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2453 conveniens non erat, vel desinit esse, ut supra dictum est.</p><p title="I-II q. 32 a. 2 ad 2"><a name="34909"><span class="ref">[34909] Iª-IIae q. 32 a. 2 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2454 dicendum quod motus laborem et lassitudinem inducit, secundum quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2455 transcendit habitudinem naturalem. Sic autem motus non est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2456 delectabilis, sed secundum quod removentur contraria habitudinis
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2457 naturalis.</p><p title="I-II q. 32 a. 2 ad 3"><a name="34910"><span class="ref">[34910] Iª-IIae q. 32 a. 2 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2458 dicendum quod id quod est consuetum, efficitur delectabile,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2459 inquantum efficitur naturale, nam consuetudo est quasi altera
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2460 natura. Motus autem est delectabilis, non quidem quo receditur a
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2461 consuetudine, sed magis secundum quod per ipsum impeditur corruptio
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2462 naturalis habitudinis, quae posset provenire ex assiduitate
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2463 alicuius operationis. Et sic ex eadem causa connaturalitatis
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2464 efficitur consuetudo delectabilis, et motus.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 3</h3><p title="I-II q. 32 a. 3 arg. 1"><a name="34911"><span class="ref">[34911] Iª-IIae q. 32 a. 3 arg. 1</span></a> Ad tertium
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2465 sic proceditur. Videtur quod memoria et spes non sint causae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2466 delectationis. Delectatio enim est de bono praesenti, ut Damascenus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2467 dicit. Sed memoria et spes sunt de absenti, est enim memoria
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2468 praeteritorum, spes vero futurorum. Ergo memoria et spes non sunt
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2469 causa delectationis.</p><p title="I-II q. 32 a. 3 arg. 2"><a name="34912"><span class="ref">[34912] Iª-IIae q. 32 a. 3 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2470 idem non est causa contrariorum. Sed spes est causa afflictionis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2471 dicitur enim Prov. XIII, <i>spes quae differtur, affligit
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2472 animam</i>. Ergo spes non est causa delectationis.</p><p title="I-II q. 32 a. 3 arg. 3"><a name="34913"><span class="ref">[34913] Iª-IIae q. 32 a. 3 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2473 sicut spes convenit cum delectatione in eo quod est de bono, ita
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2474 etiam concupiscentia et amor. Non ergo magis debet assignari spes
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2475 causa delectationis, quam concupiscentia vel amor.</p><p title="I-II q. 32 a. 3 s. c."><a name="34914"><span class="ref">[34914] Iª-IIae q. 32 a. 3 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2476 est quod dicitur Rom. XII, <i>spe gaudentes</i>; et in Psalmo
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2477 LXXVI, <i>memor fui Dei, et delectatus sum</i>.</p><p title="I-II q. 32 a. 3 co."><a name="34915"><span class="ref">[34915] Iª-IIae q. 32 a. 3 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2478 dicendum quod delectatio causatur ex praesentia boni convenientis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2479 secundum quod sentitur, vel qualitercumque percipitur. Est autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2480 aliquid praesens nobis dupliciter, uno modo, secundum cognitionem,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2481 prout scilicet cognitum est in cognoscente secundum suam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2482 similitudinem; alio modo, secundum rem, prout scilicet unum alteri
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2483 realiter coniungitur, vel actu vel potentia, secundum quemcumque
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2484 coniunctionis modum. Et quia maior est coniunctio secundum rem quam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2485 secundum similitudinem, quae est coniunctio cognitionis; itemque
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2486 maior est coniunctio rei in actu quam in potentia, ideo maxima est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2487 delectatio quae fit per sensum, qui requirit praesentiam rei
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2488 sensibilis. Secundum autem gradum tenet delectatio spei, in qua non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2489 solum est delectabilis coniunctio secundum apprehensionem, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2490 etiam secundum facultatem vel potestatem adipiscendi bonum quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2491 delectat. Tertium autem gradum tenet delectatio memoriae, quae
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2492 habet solam coniunctionem apprehensionis.</p><p title="I-II q. 32 a. 3 ad 1"><a name="34916"><span class="ref">[34916] Iª-IIae q. 32 a. 3 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2493 ergo dicendum quod spes et memoria sunt quidem eorum quae sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2494 simpliciter absentia, quae tamen secundum quid sunt praesentia,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2495 scilicet vel secundum apprehensionem solam; vel secundum
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2496 apprehensionem et facultatem, ad minus aestimatam.</p><p title="I-II q. 32 a. 3 ad 2"><a name="34917"><span class="ref">[34917] Iª-IIae q. 32 a. 3 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2497 dicendum quod nihil prohibet idem, secundum diversa, esse causam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2498 contrariorum. Sic igitur spes, inquantum habet praesentem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2499 aestimationem boni futuri, delectationem causat, inquantum autem
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2500 caret praesentia eius, causat afflictionem.</p><p title="I-II q. 32 a. 3 ad 3"><a name="34918"><span class="ref">[34918] Iª-IIae q. 32 a. 3 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2501 dicendum quod etiam amor et concupiscentia delectationem causant.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2502 Omne enim amatum fit delectabile amanti, eo quod amor est quaedam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2503 unio vel connaturalitas amantis ad amatum. Similiter etiam omne
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2504 concupitum est delectabile concupiscenti, cum concupiscentia sit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2505 praecipue appetitus delectationis. Sed tamen spes, inquantum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2506 importat quandam certitudinem realis praesentiae boni delectantis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2507 quam non importat nec amor nec concupiscentia, magis ponitur causa
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2508 delectationis quam illa. Et similiter magis quam memoria, quae est
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2509 de eo quod iam transiit.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 4</h3><p title="I-II q. 32 a. 4 arg. 1"><a name="34919"><span class="ref">[34919] Iª-IIae q. 32 a. 4 arg. 1</span></a> Ad quartum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2510 sic proceditur. Videtur quod tristitia non sit causa delectationis.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2511 Contrarium enim non est causa contrarii. Sed tristitia contrariatur
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2512 delectationi. Ergo non est causa delectationis.</p><p title="I-II q. 32 a. 4 arg. 2"><a name="34920"><span class="ref">[34920] Iª-IIae q. 32 a. 4 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2513 contrariorum contrarii sunt effectus. Sed delectabilia memorata
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2514 sunt causa delectationis. Ergo tristia memorata sunt causa doloris,
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2515 et non delectationis.</p><p title="I-II q. 32 a. 4 arg. 3"><a name="34921"><span class="ref">[34921] Iª-IIae q. 32 a. 4 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2516 sicut se habet tristitia ad delectationem, ita odium ad amorem. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2517 odium non est causa amoris, sed magis e converso, ut supra dictum
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2518 est. Ergo tristitia non est causa delectationis.</p><p title="I-II q. 32 a. 4 s. c."><a name="34922"><span class="ref">[34922] Iª-IIae q. 32 a. 4 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2519 est quod in Psalmo XLI, dicitur, <i>fuerunt mihi lacrimae meae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2520 panes die ac nocte</i>. Per panem autem refectio delectationis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2521 intelligitur. Ergo lacrimae, quae ex tristitia oriuntur, possunt
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2522 esse delectabiles.</p><p title="I-II q. 32 a. 4 co."><a name="34923"><span class="ref">[34923] Iª-IIae q. 32 a. 4 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2523 dicendum quod tristitia potest dupliciter considerari, uno modo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2524 secundum quod est in actu; alio modo, secundum quod est in memoria.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2525 Et utroque modo tristitia potest esse delectationis causa.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2526 Tristitia siquidem in actu existens est causa delectationis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2527 inquantum facit memoriam rei dilectae, de cuius absentia aliquis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2528 tristatur, et tamen de sola eius apprehensione delectatur. Memoria
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2529 autem tristitiae fit causa delectationis, propter subsequentem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2530 evasionem. Nam carere malo accipitur in ratione boni, unde secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2531 quod homo apprehendit se evasisse ab aliquibus tristibus et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2532 dolorosis, accrescit ei gaudii materia; secundum quod Augustinus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2533 dicit, XXII de Civ. Dei, quod <i>saepe laeti tristium meminimus, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2534 sani dolorum sine dolore, et inde amplius laeti et grati sumus</i>.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2535 Et in VIII Confess. dicit quod <i>quanto maius fuit periculum in
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2536 proelio, tanto maius erit gaudium in triumpho</i>.</p><p title="I-II q. 32 a. 4 ad 1"><a name="34924"><span class="ref">[34924] Iª-IIae q. 32 a. 4 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2537 ergo dicendum quod contrarium quandoque per accidens est causa
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2538 contrarii, sicut frigidum quandoque calefacit, ut dicitur in VIII
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2539 Physic. Et similiter tristitia per accidens est delectationis
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2540 causa, inquantum fit per eam apprehensio alicuius delectabilis.</p><p title="I-II q. 32 a. 4 ad 2"><a name="34925"><span class="ref">[34925] Iª-IIae q. 32 a. 4 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2541 dicendum quod tristia memorata, inquantum sunt tristia et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2542 delectabilibus contraria, non causant delectationem, sed inquantum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2543 ab eis homo liberatur. Et similiter memoria delectabilium, ex eo
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2544 quod sunt amissa, potest causare tristitiam.</p><p title="I-II q. 32 a. 4 ad 3"><a name="34926"><span class="ref">[34926] Iª-IIae q. 32 a. 4 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2545 dicendum quod odium etiam per accidens potest esse causa amoris,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2546 prout scilicet aliqui diligunt se, inquantum conveniunt in odio
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2547 unius et eiusdem.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 5</h3><p title="I-II q. 32 a. 5 arg. 1"><a name="34927"><span class="ref">[34927] Iª-IIae q. 32 a. 5 arg. 1</span></a> Ad quintum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2548 sic proceditur. Videtur quod actiones aliorum non sint nobis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2549 delectationis causa. Causa enim delectationis est proprium bonum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2550 coniunctum. Sed aliorum operationes non sunt nobis coniunctae. Ergo
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2551 non sunt nobis causa delectationis.</p><p title="I-II q. 32 a. 5 arg. 2"><a name="34928"><span class="ref">[34928] Iª-IIae q. 32 a. 5 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2552 operatio est proprium bonum operantis. Si igitur operationes
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2553 aliorum sint nobis causa delectationis, pari ratione omnia alia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2554 bona aliorum erunt nobis delectationis causa. Quod patet esse
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2555 falsum.</p><p title="I-II q. 32 a. 5 arg. 3"><a name="34929"><span class="ref">[34929] Iª-IIae q. 32 a. 5 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2556 operatio est delectabilis, inquantum procedit ex habitu nobis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2557 innato, unde dicitur in II Ethic., quod <i>signum generati habitus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2558 oportet accipere fientem in opere delectationem</i>. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2559 operationes aliorum non procedunt ex habitibus qui in nobis sunt,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2560 sed interdum ex habitibus qui sunt in operantibus. Non ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2561 operationes aliorum sunt nobis delectabiles, sed ipsis
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2562 operantibus.</p><p title="I-II q. 32 a. 5 s. c."><a name="34930"><span class="ref">[34930] Iª-IIae q. 32 a. 5 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2563 est quod dicitur in secunda canonica Ioannis, <i>gavisus sum valde,
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2564 quoniam inveni de filiis tuis ambulantes in veritate</i>.</p><p title="I-II q. 32 a. 5 co."><a name="34931"><span class="ref">[34931] Iª-IIae q. 32 a. 5 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2565 dicendum quod, sicut iam dictum est, ad delectationem duo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2566 requiruntur, scilicet consecutio proprii boni, et cognitio proprii
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2567 boni consecuti. Tripliciter ergo operatio alterius potest esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2568 delectationis causa. Uno modo, inquantum per operationem alicuius
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2569 consequimur aliquod bonum. Et secundum hoc, operationes illorum qui
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2570 nobis aliquod bonum faciunt, sunt nobis delectabiles, quia bene
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2571 pati ab alio est delectabile. Alio modo, secundum quod per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2572 operationes aliorum efficitur nobis aliqua cognitio vel aestimatio
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2573 proprii boni. Et propter hoc homines delectantur in hoc quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2574 laudantur vel honorantur ab aliis, quia scilicet per hoc accipiunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2575 aestimationem in seipsis aliquod bonum esse. Et quia ista
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2576 aestimatio fortius generatur ex testimonio bonorum et sapientum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2577 ideo in horum laudibus et honoribus homines magis delectantur. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2578 quia adulator est apparens laudator, propter hoc etiam adulationes
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2579 quibusdam sunt delectabiles. Et quia amor est alicuius boni, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2580 admiratio est alicuius magni, idcirco amari ab aliis, et in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2581 admiratione haberi, est delectabile; inquantum per hoc fit homini
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2582 aestimatio propriae bonitatis vel magnitudinis, in quibus aliquis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2583 delectatur. Tertio modo, inquantum ipsae operationes aliorum, si
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2584 sint bonae, aestimantur ut bonum proprium, propter vim amoris, qui
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2585 facit aestimare amicum quasi eundem sibi. Et propter odium, quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2586 facit aestimare bonum alterius esse sibi contrarium, efficitur mala
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2587 operatio inimici delectabilis. Unde dicitur I ad Cor. XIII, quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2588 <i>caritas non gaudet super iniquitate, congaudet autem
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2589 veritati</i>.</p><p title="I-II q. 32 a. 5 ad 1"><a name="34932"><span class="ref">[34932] Iª-IIae q. 32 a. 5 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2590 ergo dicendum quod operatio alterius potest esse mihi coniuncta vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2591 per effectum, sicut in primo modo; vel per apprehensionem, sicut in
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2592 secundo modo; vel per affectionem, sicut in tertio modo.</p><p title="I-II q. 32 a. 5 ad 2"><a name="34933"><span class="ref">[34933] Iª-IIae q. 32 a. 5 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2593 dicendum quod ratio illa procedit quantum ad tertium modum, non
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2594 autem quantum ad duos primos.</p><p title="I-II q. 32 a. 5 ad 3"><a name="34934"><span class="ref">[34934] Iª-IIae q. 32 a. 5 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2595 dicendum quod operationes aliorum etsi non procedant ex habitibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2596 qui in me sunt, causant tamen in me aliquid delectabile; vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2597 faciunt mihi aestimationem sive apprehensionem proprii habitus; vel
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2598 procedunt ex habitu illius qui est unum mecum per amorem.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 6</h3><p title="I-II q. 32 a. 6 arg. 1"><a name="34935"><span class="ref">[34935] Iª-IIae q. 32 a. 6 arg. 1</span></a> Ad sextum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2599 sic proceditur. Videtur quod benefacere alteri non sit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2600 delectationis causa. Delectatio enim causatur ex consecutione
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2601 proprii boni, sicut supra dictum est. Sed benefacere non pertinet
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2602 ad consecutionem proprii boni, sed magis ad emissionem. Ergo magis
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2603 videtur esse causa tristitiae quam delectationis.</p><p title="I-II q. 32 a. 6 arg. 2"><a name="34936"><span class="ref">[34936] Iª-IIae q. 32 a. 6 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2604 philosophus dicit, in IV Ethic., quod <i>illiberalitas
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2605 connaturalior est hominibus quam prodigalitas</i>. Sed ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2606 prodigalitatem pertinet benefacere aliis, ad illiberalitatem autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2607 pertinet desistere a benefaciendo. Cum ergo operatio connaturalis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2608 sit delectabilis unicuique, ut dicitur in VII et X Ethic., videtur
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2609 quod benefacere aliis non sit causa delectationis.</p><p title="I-II q. 32 a. 6 arg. 3"><a name="34937"><span class="ref">[34937] Iª-IIae q. 32 a. 6 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2610 contrarii effectus ex contrariis causis procedunt. Sed quaedam quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2611 pertinent ad malefacere, sunt naturaliter homini delectabilia,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2612 sicut vincere, redarguere vel increpare alios, et etiam punire,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2613 quantum ad iratos, ut dicit philosophus in I Rhetoric. Ergo
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2614 benefacere magis est causa tristitiae quam delectationis.</p><p title="I-II q. 32 a. 6 s. c."><a name="34938"><span class="ref">[34938] Iª-IIae q. 32 a. 6 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2615 est quod philosophus dicit, in II Polit., quod <i>largiri et
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2616 auxiliari amicis aut extraneis, est delectabilissimum</i>.</p><p title="I-II q. 32 a. 6 co."><a name="34939"><span class="ref">[34939] Iª-IIae q. 32 a. 6 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2617 dicendum quod hoc ipsum quod est benefacere alteri, potest
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2618 tripliciter esse delectationis causa. Uno modo, per comparationem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2619 ad effectum, quod est bonum in altero constitutum. Et secundum hoc,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2620 inquantum bonum alterius reputamus quasi nostrum bonum, propter
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2621 unionem amoris, delectamur in bono quod per nos fit aliis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2622 praecipue amicis, sicut in bono proprio. Alio modo, per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2623 comparationem ad finem, sicut cum aliquis, per hoc quod alteri
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2624 benefacit, sperat consequi aliquod bonum sibi ipsi, vel a Deo vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2625 ab homine. Spes autem delectationis est causa. Tertio modo, per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2626 comparationem ad principium. Et sic hoc quod est benefacere alteri,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2627 potest esse delectabile per comparationem ad triplex principium.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2628 Quorum unum est facultas benefaciendi, et secundum hoc, benefacere
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2629 alteri fit delectabile, inquantum per hoc fit homini quaedam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2630 imaginatio abundantis boni in seipso existentis, ex quo possit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2631 aliis communicare. Et ideo homines delectantur in filiis et in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2632 propriis operibus, sicut quibus communicant proprium bonum. Aliud
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2633 principium est habitus inclinans, secundum quem benefacere fit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2634 alicui connaturale. Unde liberales delectabiliter dant aliis.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2635 Tertium principium est motivum, puta cum aliquis movetur ab aliquo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2636 quem diligit, ad benefaciendum alicui, omnia enim quae facimus vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2637 patimur propter amicum, delectabilia sunt, quia amor praecipua
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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diff changeset
2638 causa delectationis est.</p><p title="I-II q. 32 a. 6 ad 1"><a name="34940"><span class="ref">[34940] Iª-IIae q. 32 a. 6 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2639 ergo dicendum quod emissio, inquantum est indicativa proprii boni,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2640 est delectabilis. Sed inquantum evacuat proprium bonum potest esse
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
2641 contristans; sicut quando est immoderata.</p><p title="I-II q. 32 a. 6 ad 2"><a name="34941"><span class="ref">[34941] Iª-IIae q. 32 a. 6 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2642 dicendum quod prodigalitas habet immoderatam emissionem, quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2643 repugnat naturae. Et ideo prodigalitas dicitur esse contra
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
2644 naturam.</p><p title="I-II q. 32 a. 6 ad 3"><a name="34942"><span class="ref">[34942] Iª-IIae q. 32 a. 6 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2645 dicendum quod vincere, redarguere et punire, non est delectabile
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2646 inquantum est in malum alterius, sed inquantum pertinet ad proprium
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2647 bonum, quod plus homo amat quam odiat malum alterius. Vincere enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2648 est delectabile naturaliter, inquantum per hoc homini fit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2649 aestimatio propriae excellentiae. Et propter hoc, omnes ludi in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2650 quibus est concertatio, et in quibus potest esse victoria, sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2651 maxime delectabiles, et universaliter omnes concertationes,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2652 secundum quod habent spem victoriae. Redarguere autem et increpare
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2653 potest esse dupliciter delectationis causa. Uno modo, inquantum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2654 facit homini imaginationem propriae sapientiae et excellentiae,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2655 increpare enim et corripere est sapientum et maiorum alio modo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2656 secundum quod aliquis, increpando et reprehendendo, alteri
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2657 benefacit, quod est delectabile, ut dictum est. Irato autem est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2658 delectabile punire, inquantum videtur removere apparentem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2659 minorationem, quae videtur esse ex praecedenti laesione. Cum enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2660 aliquis est ab aliquo laesus, videtur per hoc ab illo minoratus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2661 esse, et ideo appetit ab hac minoratione liberari per retributionem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2662 laesionis. Et sic patet quod benefacere alteri per se potest esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2663 delectabile, sed malefacere alteri non est delectabile, nisi
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2664 inquantum videtur pertinere ad proprium bonum.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 7</h3><p title="I-II q. 32 a. 7 arg. 1"><a name="34943"><span class="ref">[34943] Iª-IIae q. 32 a. 7 arg. 1</span></a> Ad septimum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2665 sic proceditur. Videtur quod similitudo non sit causa
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2666 delectationis. Principari enim et praeesse quandam dissimilitudinem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2667 importat. Sed principari et praeesse naturaliter est delectabile,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2668 ut dicitur in I Rhetoric. Ergo dissimilitudo magis est causa
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
2669 delectationis quam similitudo.</p><p title="I-II q. 32 a. 7 arg. 2"><a name="34944"><span class="ref">[34944] Iª-IIae q. 32 a. 7 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2670 nihil magis est dissimile delectationi quam tristitia. Sed illi qui
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2671 patiuntur tristitias, maxime sequuntur delectationes, ut dicitur in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2672 VII Ethic. Ergo dissimilitudo est magis causa delectationis quam
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
2673 similitudo.</p><p title="I-II q. 32 a. 7 arg. 3"><a name="34945"><span class="ref">[34945] Iª-IIae q. 32 a. 7 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2674 illi qui sunt repleti aliquibus delectabilibus, non delectantur in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2675 eis, sed magis fastidiunt ea, sicut patet in repletione ciborum.
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2676 Non ergo similitudo est delectationis causa.</p><p title="I-II q. 32 a. 7 s. c."><a name="34946"><span class="ref">[34946] Iª-IIae q. 32 a. 7 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2677 est quod similitudo est causa amoris, ut dictum est supra. Amor
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2678 autem est causa delectationis. Ergo similitudo est causa
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2679 delectationis.</p><p title="I-II q. 32 a. 7 co."><a name="34947"><span class="ref">[34947] Iª-IIae q. 32 a. 7 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2680 dicendum quod similitudo est quaedam unitas, unde id quod est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2681 simile, inquantum est unum, est delectabile, sicut et amabile, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2682 supra dictum est. Et si quidem id quod est simile, proprium bonum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2683 non corrumpat, sed augeat, est simpliciter delectabile, puta homo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2684 homini, et iuvenis iuveni. Si vero sit corruptivum proprii boni,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2685 sic per accidens efficitur fastidiosum vel contristans; non quidem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2686 inquantum est simile et unum, sed inquantum corrumpit id quod est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2687 magis unum. Quod autem aliquid simile corrumpat proprium bonum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2688 contingit dupliciter. Uno modo, quia corrumpit mensuram proprii
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2689 boni per quendam excessum, bonum enim, praecipue corporale, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2690 sanitas, in quadam commensuratione consistit. Et propter hoc,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2691 superabundantes cibi, vel quaelibet delectationes corporales,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2692 fastidiuntur. Alio modo, per directam contrarietatem ad proprium
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2693 bonum, sicut figuli abominantur alios figulos, non inquantum sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2694 figuli, sed inquantum per eos amittunt excellentiam propriam, sive
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2695 proprium lucrum, quae appetunt sicut proprium bonum.</p><p title="I-II q. 32 a. 7 ad 1"><a name="34948"><span class="ref">[34948] Iª-IIae q. 32 a. 7 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2696 ergo dicendum quod, cum sit quaedam communicatio principantis ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2697 subiectum, est ibi quaedam similitudo. Tamen secundum quandam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2698 excellentiam, eo quod principari et praeesse pertinent ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2699 excellentiam proprii boni, sapientum enim et meliorum est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2700 principari et praeesse. Unde per hoc fit homini propriae bonitatis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2701 imaginatio. Vel quia per hoc quod homo principatur et praeest,
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2702 aliis benefacit, quod est delectabile.</p><p title="I-II q. 32 a. 7 ad 2"><a name="34949"><span class="ref">[34949] Iª-IIae q. 32 a. 7 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2703 dicendum quod id in quo delectatur tristatus, etsi non sit simile
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2704 tristitiae, est tamen simile homini contristato. Quia tristitiae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2705 contrariantur proprio bono eius qui tristatur. Et ideo appetitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2706 delectatio ab his qui in tristitia sunt, ut conferens ad proprium
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2707 bonum, inquantum est medicativa contrarii. Et ista est causa quare
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2708 delectationes corporales, quibus sunt contrariae quaedam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2709 tristitiae, magis appetuntur, quam delectationes intellectuales,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2710 quae non habent contrarietatem tristitiae, ut infra dicetur. Exinde
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2711 etiam est quod omnia animalia naturaliter appetunt delectationem,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2712 quia semper animal laborat per sensum et motum. Et propter hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2713 etiam iuvenes maxime delectationes appetunt; propter multas
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2714 transmutationes in eis existentes, dum sunt in statu augmenti. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2715 etiam melancholici vehementer appetunt delectationes, ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2716 expellendum tristitiam, quia corpus eorum quasi pravo humore
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2717 corroditur, ut dicitur in VII Ethic.</p><p title="I-II q. 32 a. 7 ad 3"><a name="34950"><span class="ref">[34950] Iª-IIae q. 32 a. 7 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2718 dicendum quod bona corporalia in quadam mensura consistunt, et ideo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2719 superexcessus similium corrumpit proprium bonum. Et propter hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2720 efficitur fastidiosum et contristans, inquantum contrariatur bono
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2721 proprio hominis.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 8</h3><p title="I-II q. 32 a. 8 arg. 1"><a name="34951"><span class="ref">[34951] Iª-IIae q. 32 a. 8 arg. 1</span></a> Ad octavum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2722 sic proceditur. Videtur quod admiratio non sit causa delectationis.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2723 Admirari enim est ignorantis naturae, ut Damascenus dicit. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2724 ignorantia non est delectabilis, sed magis scientia. Ergo admiratio
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2725 non est causa delectationis.</p><p title="I-II q. 32 a. 8 arg. 2"><a name="34952"><span class="ref">[34952] Iª-IIae q. 32 a. 8 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2726 admiratio est principium sapientiae, quasi via ad inquirendum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2727 veritatem, ut dicitur in principio Metaphys. <i>Sed delectabilius
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2728 est contemplari iam cognita, quam inquirere ignota</i>, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2729 philosophus dicit in X Ethic., cum hoc habeat difficultatem et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2730 impedimentum, illud autem non habeat; delectatio autem causatur ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2731 operatione non impedita, ut dicitur in VII Ethic. Ergo admiratio
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2732 non est causa delectationis, sed magis delectationem impedit.</p><p title="I-II q. 32 a. 8 arg. 3"><a name="34953"><span class="ref">[34953] Iª-IIae q. 32 a. 8 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2733 unusquisque in consuetis delectatur, unde operationes habituum per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2734 consuetudinem acquisitorum, sunt delectabiles. Sed consueta non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2735 sunt admirabilia, ut dicit Augustinus, super Ioan. Ergo admiratio
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2736 contrariatur causae delectationis.</p><p title="I-II q. 32 a. 8 s. c."><a name="34954"><span class="ref">[34954] Iª-IIae q. 32 a. 8 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2737 est quod philosophus dicit, in I Rhetoric., quod admiratio est
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2738 delectationis causa.</p><p title="I-II q. 32 a. 8 co."><a name="34955"><span class="ref">[34955] Iª-IIae q. 32 a. 8 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2739 dicendum quod adipisci desiderata est delectabile, ut supra dictum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2740 est. Et ideo quanto alicuius rei amatae magis crescit desiderium,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2741 tanto magis per adeptionem crescit delectatio. Et etiam in ipso
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2742 augmento desiderii fit augmentum delectationis, secundum quod fit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2743 etiam spes rei amatae; sicut supra dictum est quod ipsum desiderium
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2744 ex spe est delectabile. Est autem admiratio desiderium quoddam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2745 sciendi, quod in homine contingit ex hoc quod videt effectum et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2746 ignorat causam, vel ex hoc quod causa talis effectus excedit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2747 cognitionem aut facultatem ipsius. Et ideo admiratio est causa
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2748 delectationis inquantum habet adiunctam spem consequendi
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2749 cognitionem eius quod scire desiderat. Et propter hoc omnia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2750 mirabilia sunt delectabilia, sicut quae sunt rara, et omnes
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2751 repraesentationes rerum, etiam quae in se non sunt delectabiles;
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2752 gaudet enim anima in collatione unius ad alterum, quia conferre
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2753 unum alteri est proprius et connaturalis actus rationis, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2754 philosophus dicit in sua poetica. Et propter hoc etiam <i>liberari
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2755 a magnis periculis magis est delectabile, quia est admirabile</i>,
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2756 ut dicitur in I Rhetoric.</p><p title="I-II q. 32 a. 8 ad 1"><a name="34956"><span class="ref">[34956] Iª-IIae q. 32 a. 8 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2757 ergo dicendum quod admiratio non est delectabilis inquantum habet
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2758 ignorantiam, sed inquantum habet desiderium addiscendi causam; et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2759 inquantum admirans aliquid novum addiscit, scilicet talem esse quem
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2760 non aestimabat.</p><p title="I-II q. 32 a. 8 ad 2"><a name="34957"><span class="ref">[34957] Iª-IIae q. 32 a. 8 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2761 dicendum quod delectatio duo habet, scilicet quietem in bono, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2762 huiusmodi quietis perceptionem. Quantum igitur ad primum, cum sit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2763 perfectius contemplari veritatem cognitam quam inquirere ignotam,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2764 contemplationes rerum scitarum, per se loquendo, sunt magis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2765 delectabiles quam inquisitiones rerum ignotarum. Tamen per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2766 accidens, quantum ad secundum, contingit quod inquisitiones sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2767 quandoque delectabiliores, secundum quod ex maiori desiderio
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2768 procedunt, desiderium autem maius excitatur ex perceptione
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2769 ignorantiae. Unde maxime homo delectatur in his quae de novo
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2770 invenit aut addiscit.</p><p title="I-II q. 32 a. 8 ad 3"><a name="34958"><span class="ref">[34958] Iª-IIae q. 32 a. 8 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2771 dicendum quod ea quae sunt consueta, sunt delectabilia ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2772 operandum, inquantum sunt quasi connaturalia. Sed tamen ea quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2773 sunt rara, possunt esse delectabilia, vel ratione cognitionis, quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2774 desideratur eorum scientia, inquantum sunt mira; vel ratione
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2775 operationis, <i>quia ex desiderio magis inclinatur mens ad hoc quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2776 intense in novitate operetur</i>, ut dicitur in X Ethic.;
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2777 perfectior enim operatio causat perfectiorem delectationem.</p></div></div><div class="q" id="q33"><h2>Quaestio 33</h2><div class="p"><h3>Prooemium</h3><p title="I-II q. 33 pr."><a name="34959"><span class="ref">[34959]
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
2778 Iª-IIae q. 33 pr.</span></a> Deinde considerandum est de
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2779 effectibus delectationis. Et circa hoc quaeruntur quatuor. Primo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2780 utrum delectationis sit dilatare. Secundo, utrum delectatio causet
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2781 sui sitim, vel desiderium. Tertio, utrum delectatio impediat usum
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
2782 rationis. Quarto, utrum delectatio perficiat operationem.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 1</h3><p title="I-II q. 33 a. 1 arg. 1"><a name="34960"><span class="ref">[34960] Iª-IIae q. 33 a. 1 arg. 1</span></a> Ad primum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2783 sic proceditur. Videtur quod dilatatio non sit effectus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2784 delectationis. Dilatatio enim videtur ad amorem magis pertinere,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2785 secundum quod dicit apostolus, II ad Cor. VI, <i>cor nostrum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2786 dilatatum est</i>. Unde et de praecepto caritatis in Psalmo CXVIII,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2787 dicitur, <i>latum mandatum tuum nimis</i>. Sed delectatio est alia
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
2788 passio ab amore. Ergo dilatatio non est effectus delectationis.</p><p title="I-II q. 33 a. 1 arg. 2"><a name="34961"><span class="ref">[34961] Iª-IIae q. 33 a. 1 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2789 ex hoc quod aliquid dilatatur, efficitur capacius ad recipiendum.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2790 Sed receptio pertinet ad desiderium, quod est rei nondum habitae.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2791 Ergo dilatatio magis videtur pertinere ad desiderium quam ad
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2792 delectationem.</p><p title="I-II q. 33 a. 1 arg. 3"><a name="34962"><span class="ref">[34962] Iª-IIae q. 33 a. 1 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2793 constrictio dilatationi opponitur. Sed constrictio videtur ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2794 delectationem pertinere, nam illud constringimus quod firmiter
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2795 volumus retinere; et talis est affectio appetitus circa rem
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2796 delectantem. Ergo dilatatio ad delectationem non pertinet.</p><p title="I-II q. 33 a. 1 s. c."><a name="34963"><span class="ref">[34963] Iª-IIae q. 33 a. 1 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2797 est quod, ad expressionem gaudii, dicitur Isaiae LX, <i>videbis, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2798 affluens, et mirabitur et dilatabitur cor tuum</i>. Ipsa etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2799 delectatio ex dilatatione nomen accepit ut laetitia nominetur sicut
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2800 supra dictum est.</p><p title="I-II q. 33 a. 1 co."><a name="34964"><span class="ref">[34964] Iª-IIae q. 33 a. 1 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2801 dicendum quod latitudo est quaedam dimensio magnitudinis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2802 corporalis, unde in affectionibus animae non nisi secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2803 metaphoram dicitur. Dilatatio autem dicitur quasi motus ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2804 latitudinem. Et competit delectationi secundum duo quae ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2805 delectationem requiruntur. Quorum unum est ex parte apprehensivae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2806 virtutis, quae apprehendit coniunctionem alicuius boni
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2807 convenientis. Ex hac autem apprehensione apprehendit se homo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2808 perfectionem quandam adeptum, quae est spiritualis magnitudo, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2809 secundum hoc, animus hominis dicitur per delectationem magnificari,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2810 seu dilatari. Aliud autem est ex parte appetitivae virtutis, quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2811 assentit rei delectabili, et in ea quiescit, quodammodo se praebens
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2812 ei ad eam interius capiendam. Et sic dilatatur affectus hominis per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2813 delectationem, quasi se tradens ad continendum interius rem
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2814 delectantem.</p><p title="I-II q. 33 a. 1 ad 1"><a name="34965"><span class="ref">[34965] Iª-IIae q. 33 a. 1 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2815 ergo dicendum quod nihil prohibet in his quae dicuntur metaphorice,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2816 idem diversis attribui secundum diversas similitudines. Et secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2817 hoc, dilatatio pertinet ad amorem ratione cuiusdam extensionis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2818 inquantum affectus amantis ad alios extenditur, ut curet non solum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2819 quae sua sunt, sed quae aliorum. Ad delectationem vero pertinet
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2820 dilatatio, inquantum aliquid in seipso ampliatur, ut quasi capacius
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2821 reddatur.</p><p title="I-II q. 33 a. 1 ad 2"><a name="34966"><span class="ref">[34966] Iª-IIae q. 33 a. 1 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2822 dicendum quod desiderium habet quidem aliquam ampliationem ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2823 imaginatione rei desideratae, sed multo magis ex praesentia rei iam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2824 delectantis. Quia magis praebet se animus rei iam delectanti, quam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2825 rei non habitae desideratae, cum delectatio sit finis
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2826 desiderii.</p><p title="I-II q. 33 a. 1 ad 3"><a name="34967"><span class="ref">[34967] Iª-IIae q. 33 a. 1 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2827 dicendum quod ille qui delectatur, constringit quidem rem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2828 delectantem, dum ei fortiter inhaeret, sed cor suum ampliat, ut
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2829 perfecte delectabili fruatur.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 2</h3><p title="I-II q. 33 a. 2 arg. 1"><a name="34968"><span class="ref">[34968] Iª-IIae q. 33 a. 2 arg. 1</span></a> Ad secundum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2830 sic proceditur. Videtur quod delectatio non causet desiderium sui
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2831 ipsius. Omnis enim motus cessat, cum pervenerit ad quietem. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2832 delectatio est quasi quaedam quies motus desiderii, ut supra dictum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2833 est. Cessat ergo motus desiderii, cum ad delectationem pervenerit.
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2834 Non ergo delectatio causat desiderium.</p><p title="I-II q. 33 a. 2 arg. 2"><a name="34969"><span class="ref">[34969] Iª-IIae q. 33 a. 2 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2835 oppositum non est causa sui oppositi. Sed delectatio quodammodo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2836 desiderio opponitur, ex parte obiecti, nam desiderium est boni non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2837 habiti, delectatio vero boni iam habiti. Ergo delectatio non causat
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2838 desiderium sui ipsius.</p><p title="I-II q. 33 a. 2 arg. 3"><a name="34970"><span class="ref">[34970] Iª-IIae q. 33 a. 2 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2839 fastidium desiderio repugnat. Sed delectatio plerumque causat
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2840 fastidium. Non ergo facit sui desiderium.</p><p title="I-II q. 33 a. 2 s. c."><a name="34971"><span class="ref">[34971] Iª-IIae q. 33 a. 2 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2841 est quod dominus dicit, Ioan. IV, <i>qui biberit ex hac aqua,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2842 sitiet iterum</i>, per aquam autem significatur, secundum
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2843 Augustinum, delectatio corporalis.</p><p title="I-II q. 33 a. 2 co."><a name="34972"><span class="ref">[34972] Iª-IIae q. 33 a. 2 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2844 dicendum quod delectatio dupliciter potest considerari, uno modo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2845 secundum quod est in actu; alio modo, secundum quod est in memoria.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2846 Item sitis, vel desiderium, potest dupliciter accipi, uno modo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2847 proprie, secundum quod importat appetitum rei non habitae; alio
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2848 modo, communiter, secundum quod importat exclusionem fastidii.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2849 Secundum quidem igitur quod est in actu, delectatio non causat
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2850 sitim vel desiderium sui ipsius, per se loquendo, sed solum per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2851 accidens, si tamen sitis vel desiderium dicatur rei non habitae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2852 appetitus, nam delectatio est affectio appetitus circa rem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2853 praesentem. Sed contingit rem praesentem non perfecte haberi. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2854 hoc potest esse vel ex parte rei habitae, vel ex parte habentis. Ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2855 parte quidem rei habitae, eo quod res habita non est tota simul,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2856 unde successive recipitur, et dum aliquis delectatur in eo quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2857 habet, desiderat potiri eo quod restat; sicut qui audit primam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2858 partem versus, et in hoc delectatur, desiderat alteram partem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2859 versus audire, ut Augustinus dicit, IV Confess. Et hoc modo omnes
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2860 fere delectationes corporales faciunt sui ipsarum sitim, quousque
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2861 consummentur, eo quod tales delectationes consequuntur aliquem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2862 motum, sicut patet in delectationibus ciborum. Ex parte autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2863 ipsius habentis, sicut cum aliquis aliquam rem in se perfectam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2864 existentem, non statim perfecte habet, sed paulatim acquirit. Sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2865 in mundo isto, percipientes aliquid imperfecte de divina
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2866 cognitione, delectamur; et ipsa delectatio excitat sitim vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2867 desiderium perfectae cognitionis; secundum quod potest intelligi
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2868 quod habetur Eccli. XXIV, <i>qui bibunt me, adhuc sitient</i>. Si
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2869 vero per sitim vel desiderium intelligatur sola intensio affectus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2870 tollens fastidium, sic delectationes spirituales maxime faciunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2871 sitim vel desiderium sui ipsarum. Delectationes enim corporales,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2872 quia augmentatae, vel etiam continuatae, faciunt superexcrescentiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2873 naturalis habitudinis, efficiuntur fastidiosae; ut patet in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2874 delectatione ciborum. Et propter hoc, quando aliquis iam pervenit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2875 ad perfectum in delectationibus corporalibus, fastidit eas, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2876 quandoque appetit aliquas alias. Sed delectationes spirituales non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2877 superexcrescunt naturalem habitudinem, sed perficiunt naturam. Unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2878 cum pervenitur ad consummationem in ipsis, tunc sunt magis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2879 delectabiles, nisi forte per accidens, inquantum operationi
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2880 contemplativae adiunguntur aliquae operationes virtutum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2881 corporalium, quae per assiduitatem operandi lassantur. Et per hunc
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2882 etiam modum potest intelligi quod dicitur Eccli. XXIV <i>qui bibit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2883 me, adhuc sitiet</i>. Quia etiam de Angelis, qui perfecte Deum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2884 cognoscunt, et delectantur in ipso, dicitur I Petri I, quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2885 <i>desiderant in eum conspicere</i>. Si vero consideretur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2886 delectatio prout est in memoria et non in actu, sic per se nata est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2887 causare sui ipsius sitim et desiderium, quando scilicet homo redit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2888 ad illam dispositionem in qua erat sibi delectabile quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2889 praeteriit. Si vero immutatus sit ab illa dispositione, memoria
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2890 delectationis non causat in eo delectationem, sed fastidium, sicut
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2891 pleno existenti memoria cibi.</p><p title="I-II q. 33 a. 2 ad 1"><a name="34973"><span class="ref">[34973] Iª-IIae q. 33 a. 2 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2892 ergo dicendum quod, quando delectatio est perfecta, tunc habet
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2893 omnimodam quietem, et cessat motus desiderii tendentis in non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2894 habitum. Sed quando imperfecte habetur, tunc non omnino cessat
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2895 motus desiderii tendentis in non habitum.</p><p title="I-II q. 33 a. 2 ad 2"><a name="34974"><span class="ref">[34974] Iª-IIae q. 33 a. 2 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2896 dicendum quod id quod imperfecte habetur, secundum quid habetur, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2897 secundum quid non habetur. Et ideo simul de eo potest esse et
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2898 desiderium et delectatio.</p><p title="I-II q. 33 a. 2 ad 3"><a name="34975"><span class="ref">[34975] Iª-IIae q. 33 a. 2 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2899 dicendum quod delectationes alio modo causant fastidium, et alio
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2900 modo desiderium, ut dictum est.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 3</h3><p title="I-II q. 33 a. 3 arg. 1"><a name="34976"><span class="ref">[34976] Iª-IIae q. 33 a. 3 arg. 1</span></a> Ad tertium
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2901 sic proceditur. Videtur quod delectatio non impediat usum rationis.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2902 Quies enim maxime confert ad debitum rationis usum, unde dicitur in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2903 VII Physic., quod in sedendo et quiescendo fit anima sciens et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2904 prudens; et Sap. VIII, <i>intrans in domum meam, conquiescam cum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2905 illa</i>, scilicet sapientia. Sed delectatio est quaedam quies.
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2906 Ergo non impedit, sed magis iuvat rationis usum.</p><p title="I-II q. 33 a. 3 arg. 2"><a name="34977"><span class="ref">[34977] Iª-IIae q. 33 a. 3 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2907 ea quae non sunt in eodem, etiam si sint contraria, non se
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2908 impediunt. Sed delectatio est in parte appetitiva, usus autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2909 rationis in parte apprehensiva. Ergo delectatio non impedit
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2910 rationis usum.</p><p title="I-II q. 33 a. 3 arg. 3"><a name="34978"><span class="ref">[34978] Iª-IIae q. 33 a. 3 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2911 quod impeditur ab alio, videtur quodammodo transmutari ab ipso. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2912 usus apprehensivae virtutis magis movet delectationem quam a
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2913 delectatione moveatur, est enim causa delectationis. Ergo
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2914 delectatio non impedit usum rationis.</p><p title="I-II q. 33 a. 3 s. c."><a name="34979"><span class="ref">[34979] Iª-IIae q. 33 a. 3 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2915 est quod philosophus dicit, in VI Ethic., quod <i>delectatio
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2916 corrumpit existimationem prudentiae</i>.</p><p title="I-II q. 33 a. 3 co."><a name="34980"><span class="ref">[34980] Iª-IIae q. 33 a. 3 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2917 dicendum quod, sicut dicitur in X Ethic., delectationes propriae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2918 adaugent operationes, extraneae vero impediunt. Est ergo quaedam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2919 delectatio quae habetur de ipso actu rationis, sicut cum aliquis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2920 delectatur in contemplando vel ratiocinando. Et talis delectatio
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2921 non impedit usum rationis, sed ipsum adiuvat, quia illud attentius
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2922 operamur in quo delectamur; attentio autem adiuvat operationem. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2923 delectationes corporales impediunt usum rationis triplici ratione.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2924 Primo quidem, ratione distractionis. Quia, sicut iam dictum est, ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2925 ea in quibus delectamur, multum attendimus, cum autem attentio
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2926 fortiter inhaeserit alicui rei, debilitatur circa alias res, vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2927 totaliter ab eis revocatur. Et secundum hoc, si delectatio
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2928 corporalis fuerit magna, vel totaliter impediet usum rationis, ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2929 se intentionem animi attrahendo; vel multum impediet. Secundo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2930 ratione contrarietatis. Quaedam enim delectationes, maxime
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2931 superexcedentes, sunt contra ordinem rationis. Et per hunc modum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2932 philosophus dicit, in VI Ethic., quod <i>delectationes corporales
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2933 corrumpunt existimationem prudentiae, non autem existimationem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2934 speculativam</i>, cui non contrariantur, <i>puta quod triangulus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2935 habet tres angulos aequales duobus rectis</i>. Secundum autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2936 primum modum, utramque impedit. Tertio modo, secundum quandam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2937 ligationem, inquantum scilicet ad delectationem corporalem sequitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2938 quaedam transmutatio corporalis, maior etiam quam in aliis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2939 passionibus, quanto vehementius afficitur appetitus ad rem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2940 praesentem quam ad rem absentem. Huiusmodi autem corporales
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2941 perturbationes impediunt usum rationis, sicut patet in vinolentis,
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2942 qui habent usum rationis ligatum vel impeditum.</p><p title="I-II q. 33 a. 3 ad 1"><a name="34981"><span class="ref">[34981] Iª-IIae q. 33 a. 3 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2943 ergo dicendum quod delectatio corporalis habet quidem quietem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2944 appetitus in delectabili, quae quies interdum contrariatur rationi;
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2945 sed ex parte corporis, semper habet transmutationem. Et quantum ad
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2946 utrumque, impedit rationis usum.</p><p title="I-II q. 33 a. 3 ad 2"><a name="34982"><span class="ref">[34982] Iª-IIae q. 33 a. 3 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2947 dicendum quod vis appetitiva et apprehensiva sunt quidem diversae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2948 partes, sed unius animae. Et ideo cum intentio animae vehementer
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2949 applicatur ad actum unius, impeditur ab actu contrario
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2950 alterius.</p><p title="I-II q. 33 a. 3 ad 3"><a name="34983"><span class="ref">[34983] Iª-IIae q. 33 a. 3 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2951 dicendum quod usus rationis requirit debitum usum imaginationis et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2952 aliarum virium sensitivarum, quae utuntur organo corporali. Et ideo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2953 ex transmutatione corporali usus rationis impeditur, impedito actu
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2954 virtutis imaginativae et aliarum sensitivarum.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 4</h3><p title="I-II q. 33 a. 4 arg. 1"><a name="34984"><span class="ref">[34984] Iª-IIae q. 33 a. 4 arg. 1</span></a> Ad quartum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2955 sic proceditur. Videtur quod delectatio non perficiat operationem.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2956 Omnis enim humana operatio ab usu rationis dependet. Sed delectatio
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2957 impedit usum rationis, ut dictum est. Ergo delectatio non perficit,
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2958 sed debilitat operationem humanam.</p><p title="I-II q. 33 a. 4 arg. 2"><a name="34985"><span class="ref">[34985] Iª-IIae q. 33 a. 4 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2959 nihil est perfectivum sui ipsius, vel suae causae. Sed delectatio
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2960 est operatio, ut dicitur in VII et X Ethic., quod oportet ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2961 intelligatur vel essentialiter, vel causaliter. Ergo delectatio non
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2962 perficit operationem.</p><p title="I-II q. 33 a. 4 arg. 3"><a name="34986"><span class="ref">[34986] Iª-IIae q. 33 a. 4 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2963 si delectatio perficit operationem, aut perficit ipsam sicut finis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2964 aut sicut forma, aut sicut agens. Sed non sicut finis, quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2965 operationes non quaeruntur propter delectationem, sed magis e
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2966 converso, ut supra dictum est. Nec iterum per modum efficientis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2967 quia magis operatio est causa efficiens delectationis. Nec iterum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2968 sicut forma, non enim perficit delectatio operationem ut habitus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2969 quidam, secundum philosophum, in X Ethic. Delectatio ergo non
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2970 perficit operationem.</p><p title="I-II q. 33 a. 4 s. c."><a name="34987"><span class="ref">[34987] Iª-IIae q. 33 a. 4 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2971 est quod dicitur ibidem, quod delectatio operationem perficit.</p><p title="I-II q. 33 a. 4 co."><a name="34988"><span class="ref">[34988] Iª-IIae q. 33 a. 4 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2972 dicendum quod delectatio dupliciter operationem perficit. Uno modo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2973 per modum finis, non quidem secundum quod finis dicitur id propter
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2974 quod aliquid est; sed secundum quod omne bonum completive
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2975 superveniens, potest dici finis. Et secundum hoc dicit philosophus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2976 in X Ethic., quod <i>delectatio perficit operationem sicut quidam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2977 superveniens finis</i>, inquantum scilicet super hoc bonum quod est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2978 operatio, supervenit aliud bonum quod est delectatio, quae importat
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2979 quietationem appetitus in bono praesupposito. Secundo modo, ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2980 parte causae agentis. Non quidem directe, quia philosophus dicit,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2981 in X Ethic., quod <i>perficit delectatio operationem, non sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2982 medicus sanum, sed sicut sanitas</i>. Indirecte autem, inquantum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2983 scilicet agens, quia delectatur in sua actione, vehementius
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2984 attendit ad ipsam, et diligentius eam operatur. Et secundum hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2985 dicitur in X Ethic., quod <i>delectationes adaugent proprias
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2986 operationes, et impediunt extraneas</i>.</p><p title="I-II q. 33 a. 4 ad 1"><a name="34989"><span class="ref">[34989] Iª-IIae q. 33 a. 4 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2987 ergo dicendum quod non omnis delectatio impedit actum rationis, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2988 delectatio corporalis; quae non consequitur actum rationis, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2989 actum concupiscibilis, qui per delectationem augetur. Delectatio
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2990 autem quae consequitur actum rationis, fortificat rationis
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2991 usum.</p><p title="I-II q. 33 a. 4 ad 2"><a name="34990"><span class="ref">[34990] Iª-IIae q. 33 a. 4 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2992 dicendum quod, sicut dicitur in II Physic., contingit quod duo sibi
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2993 invicem sunt causa, ita quod unum sit causa efficiens, et aliud
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2994 causa finalis alterius. Et per hunc modum, operatio causat
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2995 delectationem sicut causa efficiens; delectatio autem perficit
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2996 operationem per modum finis, ut dictum est.</p><p title="I-II q. 33 a. 4 ad 3"><a name="34991"><span class="ref">[34991] Iª-IIae q. 33 a. 4 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2997 patet responsio ex dictis.</p></div></div><div class="q" id="q34"><h2>Quaestio 34</h2><div class="p"><h3>Prooemium</h3><p title="I-II q. 34 pr."><a name="34992"><span class="ref">[34992]
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2998 Iª-IIae q. 34 pr.</span></a> Deinde considerandum est de
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2999 bonitate et malitia delectationum. Et circa hoc quaeruntur quatuor.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3000 Primo, utrum omnis delectatio sit mala. Secundo, dato quod non,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3001 utrum omnis delectatio sit bona. Tertio, utrum aliqua delectatio
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3002 sit optimum. Quarto, utrum delectatio sit mensura vel regula
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3003 secundum quam iudicetur bonum vel malum in moralibus.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 1</h3><p title="I-II q. 34 a. 1 arg. 1"><a name="34993"><span class="ref">[34993] Iª-IIae q. 34 a. 1 arg. 1</span></a> Ad primum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3004 sic proceditur. Videtur quod omnis delectatio sit mala. Illud enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3005 quod corrumpit prudentiam, et impedit rationis usum, videtur esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3006 secundum se malum, quia bonum hominis est secundum rationem esse,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3007 ut Dionysius dicit, in IV cap. de Div. Nom. Sed delectatio
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3008 corrumpit prudentiam, et impedit rationis usum, et tanto magis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3009 quanto delectationes sunt maiores. Unde in delectationibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3010 venereis, quae sunt maximae, impossibile est aliquid intelligere,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3011 ut dicitur in VII Ethic. Et Hieronymus etiam dicit, super Matth.,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3012 quod <i>illo tempore quo coniugales actus geruntur, praesentia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3013 sancti spiritus non dabitur, etiam si propheta esse videatur qui
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3014 officio generationis obsequitur</i>. Ergo delectatio est secundum
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3015 se malum. Ergo omnis delectatio mala.</p><p title="I-II q. 34 a. 1 arg. 2"><a name="34994"><span class="ref">[34994] Iª-IIae q. 34 a. 1 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3016 illud quod fugit virtuosus, et prosequitur deficiens a virtute,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3017 videtur esse secundum se malum, et fugiendum, quia, ut dicitur in X
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3018 Ethic., <i>virtuosus est quasi mensura et regula humanorum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3019 actuum</i>; et apostolus dicit, I ad Cor. II, <i>spiritualis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3020 iudicat omnia</i>. Sed pueri et bestiae, in quibus non est virtus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3021 prosequuntur delectationes, fugit autem eas temperatus. Ergo
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3022 delectationes secundum se sunt malae, et fugiendae.</p><p title="I-II q. 34 a. 1 arg. 3"><a name="34995"><span class="ref">[34995] Iª-IIae q. 34 a. 1 arg. 3</span></a>
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3023 <i>Praeterea, virtus et ars sunt circa difficile et bonum</i>, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3024 dicitur in II Ethic. Sed nulla ars ordinata est ad delectationem.
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3025 Ergo delectatio non est aliquid bonum.</p><p title="I-II q. 34 a. 1 s. c."><a name="34996"><span class="ref">[34996] Iª-IIae q. 34 a. 1 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3026 est quod in Psalmo XXXVI, dicitur, <i>delectare in domino</i>. Cum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3027 igitur ad nihil mali auctoritas divina inducat, videtur quod non
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3028 omnis delectatio sit mala.</p><p title="I-II q. 34 a. 1 co."><a name="34997"><span class="ref">[34997] Iª-IIae q. 34 a. 1 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3029 dicendum quod, sicut dicitur in X Ethic., aliqui posuerunt omnes
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3030 delectationes esse malas. Cuius ratio videtur fuisse, quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3031 intentionem suam referebant ad solas delectationes sensibiles et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3032 corporales, quae sunt magis manifestae, nam et in ceteris
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3033 intelligibilia a sensibilibus antiqui philosophi non distinguebant,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3034 nec intellectum a sensu, ut dicitur in libro de anima.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3035 Delectationes autem corporales ut dicitur in libro de anima.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3036 Delectationes autem corporales arbitrabantur dicendum omnes esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3037 malas, ut sic homines, qui ad delectationes immoderatas sunt proni,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3038 a delectationibus se retrahentes, ad medium virtutis perveniant.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3039 Sed haec existimatio non fuit conveniens. Cum enim nullus possit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3040 vivere sine aliqua sensibili et corporali delectatione, si illi qui
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3041 docent omnes delectationes esse malas, deprehendantur aliquas
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3042 delectationes suscipere; magis homines ad delectationes erunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3043 proclives exemplo operum, verborum doctrina praetermissa. In
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3044 operationibus enim et passionibus humanis, in quibus experientia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3045 plurimum valet, magis movent exempla quam verba. Dicendum est ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3046 aliquas delectationes esse bonas, et aliquas esse malas. Est enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3047 delectatio quies appetitivae virtutis in aliquo bono amato, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3048 consequens aliquam operationem. Unde huius ratio duplex accipi
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3049 potest. Una quidem ex parte boni in quo aliquis quiescens
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3050 delectatur. Bonum enim et malum in moralibus dicitur secundum quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3051 convenit rationi vel discordat ab ea, ut supra dictum est, sicut in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3052 rebus naturalibus aliquid dicitur naturale ex eo quod naturae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3053 convenit, innaturale vero ex eo quod est a natura discordans. Sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3054 igitur in naturalibus est quaedam quies naturalis, quae scilicet
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3055 est in eo quod convenit naturae, ut cum grave quiescit deorsum; et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3056 quaedam innaturalis, quae est in eo quod repugnat naturae, sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3057 cum grave quiescit sursum, ita et in moralibus est quaedam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3058 delectatio bona, secundum quod appetitus superior aut inferior
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3059 requiescit in eo quod convenit rationi; et quaedam mala, ex eo quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3060 quiescit in eo quod a ratione discordat, et a lege Dei. Alia ratio
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3061 accipi potest ex parte operationum, quarum quaedam sunt bonae, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3062 quaedam malae. Operationibus autem magis sunt affines
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3063 delectationes, quae sunt eis coniunctae, quam concupiscentiae, quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3064 tempore eas praecedunt. Unde, cum concupiscentiae bonarum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3065 operationum sint bonae, malarum vero malae; multo magis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3066 delectationes bonarum operationum sunt bonae, malarum vero
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3067 malae.</p><p title="I-II q. 34 a. 1 ad 1"><a name="34998"><span class="ref">[34998] Iª-IIae q. 34 a. 1 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3068 ergo dicendum quod, sicut supra dictum est, delectationes quae sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3069 de actu rationis, non impediunt rationem, neque corrumpunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3070 prudentiam; sed delectationes extraneae, cuiusmodi sunt
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3071 delectationes corporales. Quae quidem rationis usum impediunt,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3072 sicut supra dictum est, et per contrarietatem appetitus, qui
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3073 quiescit in eo quod repugnat rationi, et ex hoc habet delectatio
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3074 quod sit moraliter mala, vel secundum quandam ligationem rationis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3075 sicut in concubitu coniugali delectatio, quamvis sit in eo quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3076 convenit rationi, tamen impedit rationis usum, propter corporalem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3077 transmutationem adiunctam. Sed ex hoc non consequitur malitiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3078 moralem, sicut nec somnus quo ligatur usus rationis, moraliter est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3079 malus, si sit secundum rationem receptus, nam et ipsa ratio hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3080 habet, ut quandoque rationis usus intercipiatur. Dicimus tamen quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3081 huiusmodi ligamentum rationis ex delectatione in actu coniugali,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3082 etsi non habeat malitiam moralem, quia non est peccatum mortale nec
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3083 veniale; provenit tamen ex quadam morali malitia, scilicet ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3084 peccato primi parentis, nam hoc in statu innocentiae non erat, ut
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3085 patet ex his quae in primo dicta sunt.</p><p title="I-II q. 34 a. 1 ad 2"><a name="34999"><span class="ref">[34999] Iª-IIae q. 34 a. 1 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3086 dicendum quod temperatus non fugit omnes delectationes, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3087 immoderatas, et rationi non convenientes. Quod autem pueri et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3088 bestiae delectationes prosequantur, non ostendit eas universaliter
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3089 esse malas, quia in eis est naturalis appetitus a Deo, qui movetur
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3090 in id quod est eis conveniens.</p><p title="I-II q. 34 a. 1 ad 3"><a name="35000"><span class="ref">[35000] Iª-IIae q. 34 a. 1 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3091 dicendum quod non omnis boni est ars, sed exteriorum factibilium,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3092 ut infra dicetur. Circa operationes autem et passiones quae sunt in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3093 nobis, magis est prudentia et virtus quam ars. Et tamen aliqua ars
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3094 est factiva delectationis; scilicet pulmentaria et pigmentaria, ut
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3095 dicitur in VII Ethic.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 2</h3><p title="I-II q. 34 a. 2 arg. 1"><a name="35001"><span class="ref">[35001] Iª-IIae q. 34 a. 2 arg. 1</span></a> Ad secundum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3096 sic proceditur. Videtur quod omnis delectatio sit bona. Sicut enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3097 in primo dictum est, bonum in tria dividitur, scilicet honestum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3098 utile et delectabile. Sed honestum omne est bonum; et similiter
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3099 omne utile. Ergo et omnis delectatio est bona.</p><p title="I-II q. 34 a. 2 arg. 2"><a name="35002"><span class="ref">[35002] Iª-IIae q. 34 a. 2 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3100 illud est per se bonum, quod non quaeritur propter aliud, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3101 dicitur in I Ethic. Sed delectatio non quaeritur propter aliud,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3102 ridiculum enim videtur ab aliquo quaerere quare vult delectari.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3103 Ergo delectatio est per se bonum. Sed quod per se praedicatur de
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3104 aliquo, universaliter praedicatur de eo. Ergo omnis delectatio est
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3105 bona.</p><p title="I-II q. 34 a. 2 arg. 3"><a name="35003"><span class="ref">[35003] Iª-IIae q. 34 a. 2 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3106 id quod ab omnibus desideratur, videtur esse per se bonum, nam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3107 bonum est quod omnia appetunt, ut dicitur in I Ethic. Sed omnes
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3108 appetunt aliquam delectationem, etiam pueri et bestiae. Ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3109 delectatio est secundum se bonum. Omnis ergo delectatio est
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3110 bona.</p><p title="I-II q. 34 a. 2 s. c."><a name="35004"><span class="ref">[35004] Iª-IIae q. 34 a. 2 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3111 est quod dicitur Prov. II, <i>qui laetantur cum malefecerint, et
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3112 exultant in rebus pessimis</i>.</p><p title="I-II q. 34 a. 2 co."><a name="35005"><span class="ref">[35005] Iª-IIae q. 34 a. 2 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3113 dicendum quod, sicut aliqui Stoicorum posuerunt omnes delectationes
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3114 esse malas, ita Epicurei posuerunt delectationem secundum se esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3115 bonum, et per consequens delectationes omnes esse bonas. Qui ex hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3116 decepti esse videntur, quod non distinguebant inter id quod est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3117 bonum simpliciter, et id quod est bonum quoad hunc. Simpliciter
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3118 quidem bonum est quod secundum se bonum est. Contingit autem quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3119 non est secundum se bonum, esse huic bonum, dupliciter. Uno modo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3120 quia est ei conveniens secundum dispositionem in qua nunc est, quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3121 tamen non est naturalis, sicut leproso bonum est quandoque comedere
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3122 aliqua venenosa, quae non sunt simpliciter convenientia complexioni
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3123 humanae. Alio modo, quia id quod non est conveniens, aestimatur ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3124 conveniens. Et quia delectatio est quies appetitus in bono, si sit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3125 bonum simpliciter illud in quo quiescit appetitus, erit simpliciter
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3126 delectatio, et simpliciter bona. Si autem non sit bonum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3127 simpliciter, sed quoad hunc, tunc nec delectatio est simpliciter,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3128 sed huic, nec simpliciter est bona, sed bona secundum quid, vel
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3129 apparens bona.</p><p title="I-II q. 34 a. 2 ad 1"><a name="35006"><span class="ref">[35006] Iª-IIae q. 34 a. 2 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3130 ergo dicendum quod honestum et utile dicuntur secundum rationem, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3131 ideo nihil est honestum vel utile, quod non sit bonum. Delectabile
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3132 autem dicitur secundum appetitum, qui quandoque in illud tendit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3133 quod non est conveniens rationi. Et ideo non omne delectabile est
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3134 bonum bonitate morali, quae attenditur secundum rationem.</p><p title="I-II q. 34 a. 2 ad 2"><a name="35007"><span class="ref">[35007] Iª-IIae q. 34 a. 2 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3135 dicendum quod ideo delectatio non quaeritur propter aliud, quia est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3136 quies in fine. Finem autem contingit esse bonum et malum quamvis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3137 nunquam sit finis nisi secundum quod est bonum quoad hunc. Ita
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3138 etiam est de delectatione.</p><p title="I-II q. 34 a. 2 ad 3"><a name="35008"><span class="ref">[35008] Iª-IIae q. 34 a. 2 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3139 dicendum quod hoc modo omnia appetunt delectationem, sicut et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3140 bonum, cum delectatio sit quies appetitus in bono. Sed sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3141 contingit non omne bonum quod appetitur, esse per se et vere bonum;
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3142 ita non omnis delectatio est per se et vere bona.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 3</h3><p title="I-II q. 34 a. 3 arg. 1"><a name="35009"><span class="ref">[35009] Iª-IIae q. 34 a. 3 arg. 1</span></a> Ad tertium
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3143 sic proceditur. Videtur quod nulla delectatio sit optimum. Nulla
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3144 enim generatio est optimum, nam generatio non potest esse ultimus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3145 finis. Sed delectatio consequitur generationem, nam ex eo quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3146 aliquid constituitur in suam naturam, delectatur, ut supra dictum
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3147 est. Ergo nulla delectatio potest esse optimum.</p><p title="I-II q. 34 a. 3 arg. 2"><a name="35010"><span class="ref">[35010] Iª-IIae q. 34 a. 3 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3148 illud quod est optimum, nullo addito potest fieri melius. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3149 delectatio aliquo addito fit melior, est enim melior delectatio cum
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3150 virtute quam sine virtute. Ergo delectatio non est optimum.</p><p title="I-II q. 34 a. 3 arg. 3"><a name="35011"><span class="ref">[35011] Iª-IIae q. 34 a. 3 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3151 id quod est optimum, est universaliter bonum, sicut per se bonum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3152 existens, nam quod est per se, est prius et potius eo quod est per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3153 accidens. Sed delectatio non est universaliter bonum, ut dictum
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3154 est. Ergo delectatio non est optimum.</p><p title="I-II q. 34 a. 3 s. c."><a name="35012"><span class="ref">[35012] Iª-IIae q. 34 a. 3 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3155 beatitudo est optimum, cum sit finis humanae vitae. Sed beatitudo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3156 non est sine delectatione, dicitur enim in Psalmo XV, <i>adimplebis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3157 me laetitia cum vultu tuo; delectationes in dextera tua usque in
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3158 finem</i>.</p><p title="I-II q. 34 a. 3 co."><a name="35013"><span class="ref">[35013] Iª-IIae q. 34 a. 3 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3159 dicendum quod Plato non posuit omnes delectationes esse malas,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3160 sicut Stoici; neque omnes esse bonas, sicut Epicurei; sed quasdam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3161 esse bonas, et quasdam esse malas; ita tamen quod nulla sit summum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3162 bonum, vel optimum. Sed quantum ex eius rationibus datur intelligi,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3163 in duobus deficit. In uno quidem quia, cum videret delectationes
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3164 sensibiles et corporales in quodam motu et generatione consistere,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3165 sicut patet in repletione ciborum et huiusmodi; aestimavit omnes
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3166 delectationes consequi generationem et motum. Unde, cum generatio
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3167 et motus sint actus imperfecti, sequeretur quod delectatio non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3168 haberet rationem ultimae perfectionis. Sed hoc manifeste apparet
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3169 falsum in delectationibus intellectualibus. Aliquis enim non solum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3170 delectatur in generatione scientiae, puta cum addiscit aut miratur,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3171 sicut supra dictum est; sed etiam in contemplando secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3172 scientiam iam acquisitam. Alio vero modo, quia dicebat optimum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3173 illud quod est simpliciter summum bonum, quod scilicet est ipsum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3174 bonum quasi abstractum et non participatum, sicut ipse Deus est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3175 summum bonum. Nos autem loquimur de optimo in rebus humanis.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3176 Optimum autem in unaquaque re est ultimus finis. Finis autem, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3177 supra dictum est, dupliciter dicitur, scilicet ipsa res, et usus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3178 rei; sicut finis avari est vel pecunia, vel possessio pecuniae. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3179 secundum hoc, ultimus finis hominis dici potest vel ipse Deus, qui
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3180 est summum bonum simpliciter; vel fruitio ipsius, quae importat
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3181 delectationem quandam in ultimo fine. Et per hunc modum aliqua
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3182 delectatio hominis potest dici optimum inter bona humana.</p><p title="I-II q. 34 a. 3 ad 1"><a name="35014"><span class="ref">[35014] Iª-IIae q. 34 a. 3 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3183 ergo dicendum quod non omnis delectatio consequitur generationem;
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3184 sed aliquae delectationes consequuntur operationes perfectas, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3185 dictum est. Et ideo nihil prohibet aliquam delectationem esse
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3186 optimum, etsi non omnis sit talis.</p><p title="I-II q. 34 a. 3 ad 2"><a name="35015"><span class="ref">[35015] Iª-IIae q. 34 a. 3 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3187 dicendum quod ratio illa procedit de optimo simpliciter, per cuius
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3188 participationem omnia sunt bona, unde ex nullius additione fit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3189 melius. Sed in aliis bonis universaliter verum est quod quodlibet
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3190 bonum ex additione alterius fit melius. Quamvis posset dici quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3191 delectatio non est aliquid extraneum ab operatione virtutis, sed
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3192 concomitans ipsam, ut in I Ethic. dicitur.</p><p title="I-II q. 34 a. 3 ad 3"><a name="35016"><span class="ref">[35016] Iª-IIae q. 34 a. 3 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3193 dicendum quod delectatio non habet quod sit optimum ex hoc quod est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3194 delectatio, sed ex hoc quod est perfecta quies in optimo. Unde non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3195 oportet quod omnis delectatio sit optima, aut etiam bona. Sicut
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3196 aliqua scientia est optima, non tamen omnis.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 4</h3><p title="I-II q. 34 a. 4 arg. 1"><a name="35017"><span class="ref">[35017] Iª-IIae q. 34 a. 4 arg. 1</span></a> Ad quartum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3197 sic proceditur. Videtur quod delectatio non sit mensura vel regula
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3198 boni et mali moralis. <i>Omnia enim mensurantur primo sui
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3199 generis</i>, ut dicitur in X Metaphys. Sed delectatio non est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3200 primum in genere moralium, sed praecedunt ipsam amor et desiderium.
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3201 Non ergo est regula bonitatis et malitiae in moralibus.</p><p title="I-II q. 34 a. 4 arg. 2"><a name="35018"><span class="ref">[35018] Iª-IIae q. 34 a. 4 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3202 mensuram et regulam oportet esse uniformem, et ideo motus qui est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3203 maxime uniformis, est mensura et regula omnium motuum, ut dicitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3204 in X Metaphys. Sed delectatio est varia et multiformis, cum quaedam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3205 earum sint bonae, et quaedam malae. Ergo delectatio non est mensura
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3206 et regula moralium.</p><p title="I-II q. 34 a. 4 arg. 3"><a name="35019"><span class="ref">[35019] Iª-IIae q. 34 a. 4 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3207 certius iudicium sumitur de effectu per causam, quam e converso.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3208 Sed bonitas vel malitia operationis est causa bonitatis vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3209 malitiae delectationis, quia bonae delectationes sunt quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3210 consequuntur bonas operationes, malae autem quae malas, ut dicitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3211 in X Ethic. Ergo delectationes non sunt regula et mensura bonitatis
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
3212 et malitiae in moralibus.</p><p title="I-II q. 34 a. 4 s. c."><a name="35020"><span class="ref">[35020] Iª-IIae q. 34 a. 4 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3213 est quod Augustinus dicit, super illud Psalmi VII, <i>scrutans
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3214 corda et renes Deus, finis curae et cogitationis est delectatio ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3215 quam quis nititur pervenire</i>. Et philosophus dicit, in VII
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3216 Ethic., quod <i>delectatio est finis architecton</i>, idest
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3217 principalis, <i>ad quem respicientes, unumquodque hoc quidem malum,
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3218 hoc autem bonum simpliciter dicimus</i>.</p><p title="I-II q. 34 a. 4 co."><a name="35021"><span class="ref">[35021] Iª-IIae q. 34 a. 4 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3219 dicendum quod bonitas vel malitia moralis principaliter in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3220 voluntate consistit, ut supra dictum est. Utrum autem voluntas sit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3221 bona vel mala, praecipue ex fine cognoscitur. Id autem habetur pro
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3222 fine, in quo voluntas quiescit. Quies autem voluntatis, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3223 cuiuslibet appetitus, in bono, est delectatio. Et ideo secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3224 delectationem voluntatis humanae, praecipue iudicatur homo bonus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3225 vel malus; est enim bonus et virtuosus qui gaudet in operibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3226 virtutum; malus autem qui in operibus malis. Delectationes autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3227 appetitus sensitivi non sunt regula bonitatis vel malitiae moralis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3228 nam cibus communiter delectabilis est secundum appetitum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3229 sensitivum, bonis et malis. Sed voluntas bonorum delectatur in eis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3230 secundum convenientiam rationis, quam non curat voluntas
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3231 malorum.</p><p title="I-II q. 34 a. 4 ad 1"><a name="35022"><span class="ref">[35022] Iª-IIae q. 34 a. 4 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3232 ergo dicendum quod amor et desiderium sunt priora delectatione in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3233 via generationis. Sed delectatio est prior secundum rationem finis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3234 qui in operabilibus habet rationem principii, a quo maxime sumitur
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3235 iudicium, sicut a regula vel mensura.</p><p title="I-II q. 34 a. 4 ad 2"><a name="35023"><span class="ref">[35023] Iª-IIae q. 34 a. 4 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3236 dicendum quod omnis delectatio in hoc est uniformis, quod est quies
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3237 in aliquo bono, et secundum hoc potest esse regula vel mensura. Nam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3238 ille bonus est cuius voluntas quiescit in vero bono; malus autem,
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3239 cuius voluntas quiescit in malo.</p><p title="I-II q. 34 a. 4 ad 3"><a name="35024"><span class="ref">[35024] Iª-IIae q. 34 a. 4 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3240 dicendum quod, cum delectatio perficiat operationem per modum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3241 finis, ut supra dictum est; non potest esse operatio perfecte bona,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3242 nisi etiam adsit delectatio in bono, nam bonitas rei dependet ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3243 fine. Et sic quodammodo bonitas delectationis est causa bonitas in
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3244 operatione.</p></div></div><div class="q" id="q35"><h2>Quaestio 35</h2><div class="p"><h3>Prooemium</h3><p title="I-II q. 35 pr."><a name="35025"><span class="ref">[35025]
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3245 Iª-IIae q. 35 pr.</span></a> Deinde considerandum est de
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3246 dolore et tristitia. Et circa hoc, primo considerandum est de
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3247 tristitia, seu dolore, secundum se; secundo, de causis eius;
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3248 tertio, de effectibus ipsius; quarto, de remediis eius; quinto, de
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3249 bonitate vel malitia eius. Circa primum quaeruntur octo. Primo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3250 utrum dolor sit passio animae. Secundo, utrum tristitia sit idem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3251 quod dolor. Tertio, utrum tristitia, seu dolor, sit contraria
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3252 delectationi. Quarto, utrum omnis tristitia omni delectationi
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3253 contrarietur. Quinto, utrum delectationi contemplationis sit aliqua
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3254 tristitia contraria. Sexto, utrum magis fugienda sit tristitia,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3255 quam delectatio appetenda. Septimo, utrum dolor exterior sit maior
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3256 quam dolor interior. Octavo, de speciebus tristitiae.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 1</h3><p title="I-II q. 35 a. 1 arg. 1"><a name="35026"><span class="ref">[35026] Iª-IIae q. 35 a. 1 arg. 1</span></a> Ad primum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3257 sic proceditur. Videtur quod dolor non sit passio animae. Nulla
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3258 enim passio animae est in corpore. Sed dolor potest esse in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3259 corpore, dicit enim Augustinus, in libro de vera Relig., quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3260 <i>dolor qui dicitur corporis, est corruptio repentina salutis eius
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3261 rei, quam, male utendo, anima corruptioni obnoxiavit</i>. Ergo
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3262 dolor non est passio animae.</p><p title="I-II q. 35 a. 1 arg. 2"><a name="35027"><span class="ref">[35027] Iª-IIae q. 35 a. 1 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3263 omnis passio animae pertinet ad vim appetitivam. Sed dolor non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3264 pertinet ad vim appetitivam, sed magis ad apprehensivam, dicit enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3265 Augustinus, in libro de natura boni, quod <i>dolorem in corpore
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3266 facit sensus resistens corpori potentiori</i>. Ergo dolor non est
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3267 passio animae.</p><p title="I-II q. 35 a. 1 arg. 3"><a name="35028"><span class="ref">[35028] Iª-IIae q. 35 a. 1 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3268 omnis passio animae pertinet ad appetitum animalem. Sed dolor non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3269 pertinet ad appetitum animalem, sed magis ad appetitum naturalem,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3270 dicit enim Augustinus, VIII super Gen. ad Litt., <i>nisi aliquod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3271 bonum remansisset in natura, nullius boni amissi esset dolor in
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3272 poena</i>. Ergo dolor non est passio animae.</p><p title="I-II q. 35 a. 1 s. c."><a name="35029"><span class="ref">[35029] Iª-IIae q. 35 a. 1 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3273 est quod Augustinus, XIV de Civ. Dei, ponit dolorem inter passiones
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3274 animae, inducens illud Virgilii, <i>hinc metuunt, cupiunt,
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3275 gaudentque dolentque</i>.</p><p title="I-II q. 35 a. 1 co."><a name="35030"><span class="ref">[35030] Iª-IIae q. 35 a. 1 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3276 dicendum quod, sicut ad delectationem duo requiruntur, scilicet
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3277 coniunctio boni, et perceptio huiusmodi coniunctionis; ita etiam ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3278 dolorem duo requiruntur, scilicet coniunctio alicuius mali (quod ea
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3279 ratione est malum, quia privat aliquod bonum); et perceptio
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3280 huiusmodi coniunctionis. Quidquid autem coniungitur, si non habeat,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3281 respectu eius cui coniungitur, rationem boni vel mali, non potest
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3282 causare delectationem vel dolorem. Ex quo patet quod aliquid sub
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3283 ratione boni vel mali, est obiectum delectationis et doloris. Bonum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3284 autem et malum, inquantum huiusmodi, sunt obiecta appetitus. Unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3285 patet quod delectatio et dolor ad appetitum pertinent. Omnis autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3286 motus appetitivus, seu inclinatio consequens apprehensionem,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3287 pertinet ad appetitum intellectivum vel sensitivum, nam inclinatio
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3288 appetitus naturalis non consequitur apprehensionem ipsius
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3289 appetentis, sed alterius, ut in primo dictum est. Cum igitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3290 delectatio et dolor praesupponant in eodem subiecto sensum vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3291 apprehensionem aliquam, manifestum est quod dolor, sicut et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3292 delectatio, est in appetitu intellectivo vel sensitivo. Omnis autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3293 motus appetitus sensitivi dicitur passio, ut supra dictum est. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3294 praecipue illi qui in defectum sonant. Unde dolor, secundum quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3295 est in appetitu sensitivo, propriissime dicitur passio animae,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3296 sicut molestiae corporales proprie passiones corporis dicuntur.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3297 Unde et Augustinus, XIV de Civ. Dei, dolorem specialiter
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3298 aegritudinem nominat.</p><p title="I-II q. 35 a. 1 ad 1"><a name="35031"><span class="ref">[35031] Iª-IIae q. 35 a. 1 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3299 ergo dicendum quod dolor dicitur esse corporis, quia causa doloris
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3300 est in corpore, puta cum patimur aliquod nocivum corpori. Sed motus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3301 doloris semper est in anima, nam corpus non potest dolere nisi
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3302 dolente anima, ut Augustinus dicit.</p><p title="I-II q. 35 a. 1 ad 2"><a name="35032"><span class="ref">[35032] Iª-IIae q. 35 a. 1 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3303 dicendum quod dolor dicitur esse sensus, non quia sit actus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3304 sensitivae virtutis, sed quia requiritur ad dolorem corporalem,
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3305 sicut ad delectationem.</p><p title="I-II q. 35 a. 1 ad 3"><a name="35033"><span class="ref">[35033] Iª-IIae q. 35 a. 1 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3306 dicendum quod dolor de amissione boni demonstrat bonitatem naturae,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3307 non quia dolor sit actus naturalis appetitus, sed quia natura
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3308 aliquid appetit ut bonum, quod cum removeri sentitur, sequitur
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3309 doloris passio in appetitu sensitivo.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 2</h3><p title="I-II q. 35 a. 2 arg. 1"><a name="35034"><span class="ref">[35034] Iª-IIae q. 35 a. 2 arg. 1</span></a> Ad secundum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3310 sic proceditur. Videtur quod tristitia non sit dolor. Dicit enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3311 Augustinus, XIV de Civ. Dei, quod <i>dolor in corporibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3312 dicitur</i>. Tristitia autem dicitur magis in anima. Ergo tristitia
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3313 non est dolor.</p><p title="I-II q. 35 a. 2 arg. 2"><a name="35035"><span class="ref">[35035] Iª-IIae q. 35 a. 2 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3314 dolor non est nisi de praesenti malo. Sed tristitia potest esse de
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3315 praeterito et de futuro, sicut poenitentia est tristitia de
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3316 praeterito, et anxietas de futuro. Ergo tristitia omnino a dolore
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3317 differt.</p><p title="I-II q. 35 a. 2 arg. 3"><a name="35036"><span class="ref">[35036] Iª-IIae q. 35 a. 2 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3318 dolor non videtur consequi nisi sensum tactus. Sed tristitia potest
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3319 consequi ex omnibus sensibus. Ergo tristitia non est dolor, sed se
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3320 habet in pluribus.</p><p title="I-II q. 35 a. 2 s. c."><a name="35037"><span class="ref">[35037] Iª-IIae q. 35 a. 2 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3321 est quod apostolus dicit, ad Rom. IX, <i>tristitia est mihi magna,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3322 et continuus dolor cordi meo</i>, pro eodem utens tristitia et
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3323 dolore.</p><p title="I-II q. 35 a. 2 co."><a name="35038"><span class="ref">[35038] Iª-IIae q. 35 a. 2 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3324 dicendum quod delectatio et dolor ex duplici apprehensione causari
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3325 possunt, scilicet ex apprehensione exterioris sensus, et ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3326 apprehensione interiori sive intellectus sive imaginationis.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3327 Interior autem apprehensio ad plura se extendit quam exterior, eo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3328 quod quaecumque cadunt sub exteriori apprehensione, cadunt sub
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3329 interiori, sed non e converso. Sola igitur illa delectatio quae ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3330 interiori apprehensione causatur, gaudium nominatur, ut supra
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3331 dictum est. Et similiter ille solus dolor qui ex apprehensione
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3332 interiori causatur, nominatur tristitia. Et sicut illa delectatio
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3333 quae ex exteriori apprehensione causatur, delectatio quidem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3334 nominatur, non autem gaudium; ita ille dolor qui ex exteriori
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3335 apprehensione causatur, nominatur quidem dolor, non autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3336 tristitia. Sic igitur tristitia est quaedam species doloris, sicut
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3337 gaudium delectationis.</p><p title="I-II q. 35 a. 2 ad 1"><a name="35039"><span class="ref">[35039] Iª-IIae q. 35 a. 2 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3338 ergo dicendum quod Augustinus loquitur ibi quantum ad usum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3339 vocabuli, quia dolor magis usitatur in corporalibus doloribus, qui
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3340 sunt magis noti, quam in doloribus spiritualibus.</p><p title="I-II q. 35 a. 2 ad 2"><a name="35040"><span class="ref">[35040] Iª-IIae q. 35 a. 2 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3341 dicendum quod sensus exterior non percipit nisi praesens, vis autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3342 cognitiva interior potest percipere praesens, praeteritum et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3343 futurum. Et ideo tristitia potest esse de praesenti, praeterito et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3344 futuro, dolor autem corporalis, qui sequitur apprehensionem sensus
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3345 exterioris, non potest esse nisi de praesenti.</p><p title="I-II q. 35 a. 2 ad 3"><a name="35041"><span class="ref">[35041] Iª-IIae q. 35 a. 2 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3346 dicendum quod sensibilia tactus sunt dolorosa, non solum inquantum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3347 sunt improportionata virtuti apprehensivae, sed etiam inquantum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3348 contrariantur naturae. Aliorum vero sensuum sensibilia possunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3349 quidem esse improportionata virtuti apprehensivae, non tamen
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3350 contrariantur naturae, nisi in ordine ad sensibilia tactus. Unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3351 solus homo, qui est animal perfectum in cognitione, delectatur in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3352 sensibilibus aliorum sensuum secundum se ipsa, alia vero animalia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3353 non delectantur in eis nisi secundum quod referuntur ad sensibilia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3354 tactus, ut dicitur in III Ethic. Et ideo de sensibilibus aliorum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3355 sensuum non dicitur esse dolor, secundum quod contrariatur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3356 delectationi naturali, sed magis tristitia, quae contrariatur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3357 gaudio animali. Sic igitur si dolor accipiatur pro corporali
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3358 dolore, quod usitatius est, dolor ex opposito dividitur contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3359 tristitiam, secundum distinctionem apprehensionis interioris et
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3360 exterioris; licet, quantum ad obiecta, delectatio ad plura se
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3361 extendat quam dolor corporalis. Si vero dolor accipiatur
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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diff changeset
3362 communiter, sic dolor est genus tristitiae, ut dictum est.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 3</h3><p title="I-II q. 35 a. 3 arg. 1"><a name="35042"><span class="ref">[35042] Iª-IIae q. 35 a. 3 arg. 1</span></a> Ad tertium
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3363 sic proceditur. Videtur quod dolor delectationi non contrarietur.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3364 Unum enim contrariorum non est causa alterius. Sed tristitia potest
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3365 esse causa delectationis, dicitur enim Matth. V, <i>beati qui
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3366 lugent, quoniam ipsi consolabuntur</i>. Ergo non sunt
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
3367 contraria.</p><p title="I-II q. 35 a. 3 arg. 2"><a name="35043"><span class="ref">[35043] Iª-IIae q. 35 a. 3 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3368 unum contrariorum non denominat aliud. Sed in quibusdam ipse dolor
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3369 vel tristitia est delectabilis, sicut Augustinus dicit, in III
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3370 Confess., quod dolor in spectaculis delectat. Et IV Confess., dicit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3371 quod <i>fletus amara res est, et tamen quandoque delectat</i>. Ergo
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
3372 dolor non contrariatur delectationi.</p><p title="I-II q. 35 a. 3 arg. 3"><a name="35044"><span class="ref">[35044] Iª-IIae q. 35 a. 3 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3373 unum contrariorum non est materia alterius, quia contraria simul
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3374 esse non possunt. Sed dolor potest esse materia delectationis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3375 dicit enim Augustinus, in libro de poenitentia, <i>semper poenitens
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3376 doleat, et de dolore gaudeat</i>. Et philosophus dicit, in IX
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3377 Ethic., quod e converso <i>malus dolet de eo quod delectatus
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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diff changeset
3378 est</i>. Ergo delectatio et dolor non sunt contraria.</p><p title="I-II q. 35 a. 3 s. c."><a name="35045"><span class="ref">[35045] Iª-IIae q. 35 a. 3 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3379 est quod Augustinus dicit, XIV de Civ. Dei, quod <i>laetitia est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3380 voluntas in eorum consensione quae volumus, tristitia autem est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3381 voluntas in dissensione ab his quae nolumus</i>. Sed consentire et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3382 dissentire sunt contraria. Ergo laetitia et tristitia sunt
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
3383 contraria.</p><p title="I-II q. 35 a. 3 co."><a name="35046"><span class="ref">[35046] Iª-IIae q. 35 a. 3 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3384 dicendum quod, sicut philosophus dicit X Metaphys., contrarietas
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3385 est differentia secundum formam. Forma autem, seu species,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3386 passionis et motus sumitur ex obiecto vel termino. Unde, cum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3387 obiecta delectationis et tristitiae, seu doloris, sint contraria,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3388 scilicet bonum praesens et malum praesens, sequitur quod dolor et
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
3389 delectatio sint contraria.</p><p title="I-II q. 35 a. 3 ad 1"><a name="35047"><span class="ref">[35047] Iª-IIae q. 35 a. 3 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3390 ergo dicendum quod nihil prohibet unum contrariorum esse causam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3391 alterius per accidens. Sic autem tristitia potest esse causa
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3392 delectationis. Uno quidem modo, inquantum tristitia de absentia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3393 alicuius rei, vel de praesentia contrarii, vehementius quaerit id
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3394 in quo delectetur, sicut sitiens vehementius quaerit delectationem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3395 potus, ut remedium contra tristitiam quam patitur. Alio modo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3396 inquantum ex magno desiderio delectationis alicuius, non recusat
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3397 aliquis tristitias perferre, ut ad illam delectationem perveniat.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3398 Et utroque modo luctus praesens ad consolationem futurae vitae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3399 perducit. Quia ex hoc ipso quod homo luget pro peccatis, vel pro
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3400 dilatione gloriae, meretur consolationem aeternam. Similiter etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3401 meretur eam aliquis ex hoc quod, ad ipsam consequendam, non refugit
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3402 labores et angustias propter ipsam sustinere.</p><p title="I-II q. 35 a. 3 ad 2"><a name="35048"><span class="ref">[35048] Iª-IIae q. 35 a. 3 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3403 dicendum quod dolor ipse potest esse delectabilis per accidens,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3404 inquantum scilicet habet adiunctam admirationem, ut in spectaculis;
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3405 vel inquantum facit recordationem rei amatae, et facit percipere
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3406 amorem eius, de cuius absentia doletur. Unde, cum amor sit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3407 delectabilis, et dolor et omnia quae ex amore consequuntur,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3408 inquantum in eis sentitur amor, sunt delectabilia. Et propter hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3409 etiam dolores in spectaculis possunt esse delectabiles, inquantum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3410 in eis sentitur aliquis amor conceptus ad illos qui in spectaculis
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3411 commemorantur.</p><p title="I-II q. 35 a. 3 ad 3"><a name="35049"><span class="ref">[35049] Iª-IIae q. 35 a. 3 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3412 dicendum quod voluntas et ratio supra suos actus reflectuntur,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3413 inquantum ipsi actus voluntatis et rationis accipiuntur sub ratione
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3414 boni vel mali. Et hoc modo tristitia potest esse materia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3415 delectationis, vel e converso, non per se, sed per accidens,
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3416 inquantum scilicet utrumque accipitur in ratione boni vel mali.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 4</h3><p title="I-II q. 35 a. 4 arg. 1"><a name="35050"><span class="ref">[35050] Iª-IIae q. 35 a. 4 arg. 1</span></a> Ad quartum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3417 sic proceditur. Videtur quod omnis tristitia omni delectationi
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3418 contrarietur. Sicut enim albedo et nigredo sunt contrariae species
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3419 coloris, ita delectatio et tristitia sunt contrariae species animae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3420 passionum. Sed albedo et nigredo universaliter sibi opponuntur.
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3421 Ergo etiam delectatio et tristitia.</p><p title="I-II q. 35 a. 4 arg. 2"><a name="35051"><span class="ref">[35051] Iª-IIae q. 35 a. 4 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3422 medicinae per contraria fiunt. Sed quaelibet delectatio est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3423 medicina contra quamlibet tristitiam, ut patet per philosophum, in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3424 VII Ethic. Ergo quaelibet delectatio cuilibet tristitiae
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3425 contrariatur.</p><p title="I-II q. 35 a. 4 arg. 3"><a name="35052"><span class="ref">[35052] Iª-IIae q. 35 a. 4 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3426 contraria sunt quae se invicem impediunt. Sed quaelibet tristitia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3427 impedit quamlibet delectationem, ut patet per illud quod dicitur X
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3428 Ethic. Ergo quaelibet tristitia cuilibet delectationi
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3429 contrariatur.</p><p title="I-II q. 35 a. 4 s. c."><a name="35053"><span class="ref">[35053] Iª-IIae q. 35 a. 4 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3430 contrariorum non est eadem causa. Sed ab eodem habitu procedit quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3431 aliquis gaudeat de uno, et tristetur de opposito, <i>ex caritate
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3432 enim contingit gaudere cum gaudentibus, et flere cum flentibus</i>,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3433 ut dicitur Rom. XII. Ergo non omnis tristitia omni delectationi
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3434 contrariatur.</p><p title="I-II q. 35 a. 4 co."><a name="35054"><span class="ref">[35054] Iª-IIae q. 35 a. 4 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3435 dicendum quod, sicut dicitur in X Metaphys., contrarietas est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3436 differentia secundum formam. Forma autem est et generalis, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3437 specialis. Unde contingit esse aliqua contraria secundum formam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3438 generis, sicut virtus et vitium; et secundum formam speciei, sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3439 iustitia et iniustitia. Est autem considerandum quod quaedam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3440 specificantur secundum formas absolutas, sicut substantiae et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3441 qualitates, quaedam vero specificantur per comparationem ad aliquid
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3442 extra, sicut passiones et motus recipiunt speciem ex terminis sive
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3443 ex obiectis. In his ergo quorum species considerantur secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3444 formas absolutas, contingit quidem species quae continentur sub
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3445 contrariis generibus, non esse contrarias secundum rationem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3446 speciei, non tamen contingit quod habeant aliquam affinitatem vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3447 convenientiam ad invicem. Intemperantia enim et iustitia, quae sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3448 in contrariis generibus, virtute scilicet et vitio, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3449 contrariantur ad invicem secundum rationem propriae speciei, nec
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3450 tamen habent aliquam affinitatem vel convenientiam ad invicem. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3451 in illis quorum species sumuntur secundum habitudinem ad aliquid
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3452 extrinsecum, contingit quod species contrariorum generum non solum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3453 non sunt contrariae ad invicem, sed etiam habent quandam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3454 convenientiam et affinitatem ad invicem, eo quod eodem modo se
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3455 habere ad contraria, contrarietatem inducit, sicut accedere ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3456 album et accedere ad nigrum habent rationem contrarietatis; sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3457 contrario modo se habere ad contraria, habet rationem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3458 similitudinis, sicut recedere ab albo et accedere ad nigrum. Et hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3459 maxime apparet in contradictione, quae est principium oppositionis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3460 nam in affirmatione et negatione eiusdem consistit oppositio, sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3461 album et non album; in affirmatione autem unius oppositorum et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3462 negatione alterius, attenditur convenientia et similitudo, ut si
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3463 dicam nigrum et non album. Tristitia autem et delectatio, cum sint
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3464 passiones, specificantur ex obiectis. Et quidem secundum genus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3465 suum, contrarietatem habent, nam unum pertinet ad prosecutionem,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3466 aliud vero ad fugam, <i>quae se habent in appetitu sicut affirmatio
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3467 et negatio in ratione</i>, ut dicitur in VI Ethic. Et ideo tristia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3468 et delectatio quae sunt de eodem, habent oppositionem ad invicem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3469 secundum speciem. Tristitia vero et delectatio de diversis, si
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3470 quidem illa diversa non sint opposita, sed disparata, non habent
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3471 oppositionem ad invicem secundum rationem speciei, sed sunt etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3472 disparatae, sicut tristari de morte amici, et delectari in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3473 contemplatione. Si vero illa diversa sint contraria, tunc
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3474 delectatio et tristitia non solum non habent contrarietatem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3475 secundum rationem speciei, sed etiam habent convenientiam et
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3476 affinitatem, sicut gaudere de bono, et tristari de malo.</p><p title="I-II q. 35 a. 4 ad 1"><a name="35055"><span class="ref">[35055] Iª-IIae q. 35 a. 4 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3477 ergo dicendum quod albedo et nigredo non habent speciem ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3478 habitudine ad aliquid exterius, sicut delectatio et tristitia. Unde
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3479 non est eadem ratio.</p><p title="I-II q. 35 a. 4 ad 2"><a name="35056"><span class="ref">[35056] Iª-IIae q. 35 a. 4 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3480 dicendum quod genus sumitur ex materia, ut patet in VIII Metaphys.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3481 In accidentibus autem loco materiae est subiectum. Dictum est autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3482 quod delectatio et tristitia contrariantur secundum genus. Et ideo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3483 in qualibet tristitia est contraria dispositio subiecti
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3484 dispositioni quae est in qualibet delectatione, nam in qualibet
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3485 delectatione appetitus se habet ut acceptans id quod habet; in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3486 qualibet autem tristitia se habet ut fugiens. Et ideo ex parte
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3487 subiecti quaelibet delectatio est medicina contra quamlibet
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3488 tristitiam, et quaelibet tristitia est impeditiva cuiuslibet
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3489 delectationis, praecipue tamen quando delectatio tristitiae
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3490 contrariatur etiam secundum speciem.</p><p title="I-II q. 35 a. 4 ad 3"><a name="35057"><span class="ref">[35057] Iª-IIae q. 35 a. 4 ad 3</span></a> Unde patet
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3491 solutio ad tertium. Vel aliter dicendum quod, etsi non omnis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3492 tristitia contrarietur omni delectationi secundum speciem, tamen
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3493 quantum ad effectum contrariantur, nam ex uno confortatur natura
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3494 animalis, ex alio vero quodammodo molestatur.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 5</h3><p title="I-II q. 35 a. 5 arg. 1"><a name="35058"><span class="ref">[35058] Iª-IIae q. 35 a. 5 arg. 1</span></a> Ad quintum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3495 sic proceditur. Videtur quod delectationi contemplationis sit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3496 aliqua tristitia contraria. Dicit enim apostolus, II ad Cor. VII,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3497 <i>quae secundum Deum est tristitia, poenitentiam in salutem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3498 stabilem operatur</i>. Sed respicere ad Deum pertinet ad superiorem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3499 rationem, cuius est contemplationi vacare, secundum Augustinum, in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3500 XII de Trin. Ergo delectationi contemplationis opponitur
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3501 tristitia.</p><p title="I-II q. 35 a. 5 arg. 2"><a name="35059"><span class="ref">[35059] Iª-IIae q. 35 a. 5 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3502 contrariorum contrarii sunt effectus. Si ergo unum contrariorum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3503 contemplatum est causa delectationis, aliud erit causa tristitiae.
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3504 Et sic delectationi contemplationis erit tristitia contraria.</p><p title="I-II q. 35 a. 5 arg. 3"><a name="35060"><span class="ref">[35060] Iª-IIae q. 35 a. 5 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3505 sicut obiectum delectationis est bonum, ita obiectum tristitiae est
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3506 malum. Sed contemplatio potest habere mali rationem, dicit enim
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3507 philosophus, in XII Metaphys., quod quaedam inconveniens est
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3508 meditari. Ergo contemplationis delectationi potest esse contraria
53
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diff changeset
3509 tristitia.</p><p title="I-II q. 35 a. 5 arg. 4"><a name="35061"><span class="ref">[35061] Iª-IIae q. 35 a. 5 arg. 4</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3510 operatio quaelibet, secundum quod non est impedita, est causa
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3511 delectationis, ut dicitur in VII et X Ethic. Sed operatio
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3512 contemplationis potest multipliciter impediri, vel ut totaliter non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3513 sit, vel ut cum difficultate sit. Ergo in contemplatione potest
53
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diff changeset
3514 esse tristitia delectationi contraria.</p><p title="I-II q. 35 a. 5 arg. 5"><a name="35062"><span class="ref">[35062] Iª-IIae q. 35 a. 5 arg. 5</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3515 carnis afflictio est causa tristitiae. Sed sicut dicitur Eccle.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3516 ult., <i>frequens meditatio carnis est afflictio</i>. Ergo
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
3517 contemplatio habet tristitiam delectationi contrariam.</p><p title="I-II q. 35 a. 5 s. c."><a name="35063"><span class="ref">[35063] Iª-IIae q. 35 a. 5 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3518 est quod dicitur Sap. VIII, <i>non habet amaritudinem conversatio
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3519 illius</i> scilicet sapientiae, <i>nec taedium convictus eius; sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3520 laetitiam et gaudium</i>. Conversatio autem et convictus sapientiae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3521 est per contemplationem. Ergo nulla tristitia est quae sit
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
3522 contraria delectationi contemplationis.</p><p title="I-II q. 35 a. 5 co."><a name="35064"><span class="ref">[35064] Iª-IIae q. 35 a. 5 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3523 dicendum quod delectatio contemplationis potest intelligi
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3524 dupliciter. Uno modo, ita quod contemplatio sit delectationis
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3525 causa, et non obiectum. Et tunc delectatio non est de ipsa
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3526 contemplatione, sed de re contemplata. Contingit autem contemplari
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3527 aliquid nocivum et contristans, sicut et aliquid conveniens et
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3528 delectans. Unde si sic delectatio contemplationis accipiatur, nihil
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3529 prohibet delectationi contemplationis esse tristitiam contrariam.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3530 Alio modo potest dici delectatio contemplationis, quia contemplatio
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3531 est eius obiectum et causa, puta cum aliquis delectatur de hoc ipso
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3532 quod contemplatur. Et sic, ut dicit Gregorius Nyssenus, <i>ei
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3533 delectationi quae est secundum contemplationem, non opponitur
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3534 aliqua tristitia</i>. Et hoc idem philosophus dicit, in I Topic. et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3535 in X Ethic. Sed hoc est intelligendum, per se loquendo. Cuius ratio
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3536 est, quia tristitia per se contrariatur delectationi quae est de
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3537 contrario obiecto, sicut delectationi quae est de calore,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3538 contrariatur tristitia quae est de frigore. Obiecto autem
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3539 contemplationis nihil est contrarium, contrariorum enim rationes,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3540 secundum quod sunt apprehensae, non sunt contrariae, sed unum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3541 contrarium est ratio cognoscendi aliud. Unde delectationi quae est
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3542 in contemplando, non potest, per se loquendo, esse aliqua tristitia
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3543 contraria. Sed nec etiam habet tristitiam annexam, sicut corporales
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3544 delectationes, quae sunt ut medicinae quaedam contra aliquas
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3545 molestias, sicut aliquis delectatur in potu ex hoc quod anxiatur
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3546 siti, quando autem iam tota sitis est repulsa, etiam cessat
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3547 delectatio potus. Delectatio enim contemplationis non causatur ex
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3548 hoc quod excluditur aliqua molestia, sed ex hoc quod est secundum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3549 seipsam delectabilis, non est enim generatio, sed operatio quaedam
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3550 perfecta, ut dictum est. Per accidens autem admiscetur tristitia
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3551 delectationi apprehensionis. Et hoc dupliciter, uno modo, ex parte
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3552 organi; alio modo, ex impedimento apprehensionis. Ex parte quidem
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3553 organi, admiscetur tristitia vel dolor apprehensioni, directe
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3554 quidem in viribus apprehensivis sensitivae partis, quae habent
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3555 organum corporale, vel ex sensibili, quod est contrarium debitae
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3556 complexioni organi, sicut gustus rei amarae et olfactus rei
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3557 foetidae; vel ex continuitate sensibilis convenientis, quod per
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3558 assiduitatem facit superexcrescentiam naturalis habitus, ut supra
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3559 dictum est, et sic redditur apprehensio sensibilis quae prius erat
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3560 delectabilis, taediosa. Sed haec duo directe in contemplatione
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3561 mentis locum non habent, quia mens non habet organum corporale.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3562 Unde dictum est in auctoritate inducta, quod non habet contemplatio
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3563 mentis nec amaritudinem nec taedium. Sed quia mens humana utitur in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3564 contemplando viribus apprehensivis sensitivis, in quarum actibus
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3565 accidit lassitudo; ideo indirecte admiscetur aliqua afflictio vel
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3566 dolor contemplationi. Sed neutro modo tristitia contemplationi per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3567 accidens adiuncta, contrariatur delectationi eius. Nam tristitia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3568 quae est de impedimento contemplationis, non contrariatur
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3569 delectationi contemplationis, sed magis habet affinitatem et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3570 convenientiam cum ipsa, ut ex supradictis patet. Tristitia vero vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3571 afflictio quae est de lassitudine corporali, non ad idem genus
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3572 refertur, unde est penitus disparata. Et sic manifestum est quod
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3573 delectationi quae est de ipsa contemplatione, nulla tristitia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3574 contrariatur; nec adiungitur ei aliqua tristitia nisi per
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
3575 accidens.</p><p title="I-II q. 35 a. 5 ad 1"><a name="35065"><span class="ref">[35065] Iª-IIae q. 35 a. 5 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3576 ergo dicendum quod illa tristitia quae est secundum Deum, non est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3577 de ipsa contemplatione mentis, sed est de aliquo quod mens
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3578 contemplatur, scilicet de peccato, quod mens considerat ut
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3579 contrarium dilectioni divinae.</p><p title="I-II q. 35 a. 5 ad 2"><a name="35066"><span class="ref">[35066] Iª-IIae q. 35 a. 5 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3580 dicendum quod ea quae sunt contraria in rerum natura, secundum quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3581 sunt in mente, non habent contrarietatem. Non enim rationes
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3582 contrariorum sunt contrariae, sed magis unum contrarium est ratio
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3583 cognoscendi aliud. Propter quod est una scientia contrariorum.</p><p title="I-II q. 35 a. 5 ad 3"><a name="35067"><span class="ref">[35067] Iª-IIae q. 35 a. 5 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3584 dicendum quod contemplatio, secundum se, nunquam habet rationem
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3585 mali, cum contemplatio nihil aliud sit quam consideratio veri, quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3586 est bonum intellectus, sed per accidens tantum, inquantum scilicet
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3587 contemplatio vilioris impedit contemplationem melioris; vel ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3588 parte rei contemplatae, ad quam inordinatae appetitus
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3589 afficitur.</p><p title="I-II q. 35 a. 5 ad 4"><a name="35068"><span class="ref">[35068] Iª-IIae q. 35 a. 5 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3590 dicendum quod tristitia quae est de impedimento contemplationis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3591 non contrariatur delectationi contemplationis, sed est ei affinis,
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3592 ut dictum est.</p><p title="I-II q. 35 a. 5 ad 5"><a name="35069"><span class="ref">[35069] Iª-IIae q. 35 a. 5 ad 5</span></a> Ad quintum
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3593 dicendum quod afflictio carnis per accidens et indirecte se habet
53
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diff changeset
3594 ad contemplationem mentis, ut dictum est.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 6</h3><p title="I-II q. 35 a. 6 arg. 1"><a name="35070"><span class="ref">[35070] Iª-IIae q. 35 a. 6 arg. 1</span></a> Ad sextum
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3595 sic proceditur. Videtur quod magis sit fugienda tristitia, quam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3596 delectatio appetenda. Dicit enim Augustinus, in libro octoginta
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3597 trium quaest., <i>nemo est qui non magis dolorem fugiat, quam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3598 appetat voluptatem</i>. Illud autem in quo communiter omnia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3599 consentiunt, videtur esse naturale. Ergo naturale est et conveniens
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3600 quod plus tristitia fugiatur, quam delectatio appetatur.</p><p title="I-II q. 35 a. 6 arg. 2"><a name="35071"><span class="ref">[35071] Iª-IIae q. 35 a. 6 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3601 actio contrarii facit ad velocitatem et intensionem motus, aqua
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3602 enim calida citius et fortius congelatur, ut dicit philosophus, in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3603 libro Meteor. Sed fuga tristitiae est ex contrarietate
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3604 contristantis, appetitus autem delectationis non est ex aliqua
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3605 contrarietate, sed magis procedit ex convenientia delectantis. Ergo
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3606 maior est fuga tristitiae quam appetitus delectationis.</p><p title="I-II q. 35 a. 6 arg. 3"><a name="35072"><span class="ref">[35072] Iª-IIae q. 35 a. 6 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3607 quanto aliquis secundum rationem fortiori passioni repugnat, tanto
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3608 laudabilior est et virtuosior, quia virtus est circa difficile et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3609 bonum, ut dicitur in II Ethic. Sed fortis, qui resistit motui quo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3610 fugitur dolor, est virtuosior quam temperatus, qui resistit motui
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3611 quo appetitur delectatio, dicit enim philosophus, in II Rhetoric.,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3612 quod fortes et iusti maxime honorantur. Ergo vehementior est motus
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
3613 quo fugitur tristitia, quam motus quo appetitur delectatio.</p><p title="I-II q. 35 a. 6 s. c."><a name="35073"><span class="ref">[35073] Iª-IIae q. 35 a. 6 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3614 bonum est fortius quam malum, ut patet per Dionysium, IV cap. de
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3615 Div. Nom. Sed delectatio est appetibilis propter bonum, quod est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3616 eius obiectum, fuga autem tristitiae est propter malum. Ergo
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3617 fortior est appetitus delectationis quam fuga tristitiae.</p><p title="I-II q. 35 a. 6 co."><a name="35074"><span class="ref">[35074] Iª-IIae q. 35 a. 6 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3618 dicendum quod, per se loquendo, appetitus delectationis est fortior
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3619 quam fuga tristitiae. Cuius ratio est, quia causa delectationis est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3620 bonum conveniens, causa autem doloris sive tristitiae est aliquod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3621 malum repugnans. Contingit autem aliquod bonum esse conveniens
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3622 absque omni dissonantia, non autem potest esse aliquod malum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3623 totaliter, absque omni convenientia, repugnans. Unde delectatio
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3624 potest esse integra et perfecta, tristitia autem est semper
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3625 secundum partem. Unde naturaliter maior est appetitus delectationis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3626 quam fuga tristitiae. Alia vero ratio est, quia bonum, quod est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3627 obiectum delectationis, propter seipsum appetitur, malum autem,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3628 quod est obiectum tristitiae, est fugiendum inquantum est privatio
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3629 boni. Quod autem est per se, potius est illo quod est per aliud.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3630 Cuius etiam signum apparet in motibus naturalibus. Nam omnis motus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3631 naturalis intensior est in fine, cum appropinquat ad terminum suae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3632 naturae convenientem, quam in principio, cum recedit a termino suae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3633 naturae non convenienti, quasi natura magis tendat in id quod est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3634 sibi conveniens, quam fugiat id quod est sibi repugnans. Unde et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3635 inclinatio appetitivae virtutis, per se loquendo, vehementius
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3636 tendit in delectationem quam fugiat tristitiam. Sed per accidens
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3637 contingit quod tristitiam aliquis magis fugit, quam delectationem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3638 appetat. Et hoc tripliciter. Primo quidem, ex parte apprehensionis.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3639 Quia, ut Augustinus dicit, X de Trin., <i>amor magis sentitur, cum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3640 eum prodit indigentia</i>. Ex indigentia autem amati procedit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3641 tristitia, quae est ex amissione alicuius boni amati, vel ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3642 incursu alicuius mali contrarii. Delectatio autem non habet
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3643 indigentiam boni amati, sed quiescit in eo iam adepto. Cum igitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3644 amor sit causa delectationis et tristitiae, tanto magis fugitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3645 tristitia, quanto magis sentitur amor ex eo quod contrariatur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3646 amori. Secundo, ex parte causae contristantis, vel dolorem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3647 inferentis, quae repugnat bono magis amato quam sit bonum illud in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3648 quo delectamur. Magis enim amamus consistentiam corporis naturalem,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3649 quam delectationem cibi. Et ideo timore doloris qui provenit ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3650 flagellis vel aliis huiusmodi, quae contrariantur bonae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3651 consistentiae corporis, dimittimus delectationem ciborum vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3652 aliorum huiusmodi. Tertio, ex parte effectus, inquantum scilicet
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
3653 tristitia impedit non unam tantum delectationem, sed omnes.</p><p title="I-II q. 35 a. 6 ad 1"><a name="35075"><span class="ref">[35075] Iª-IIae q. 35 a. 6 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3654 ergo dicendum quod illud quod Augustinus dicit, quod <i>dolor magis
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3655 fugitur quam voluptas appetatur</i>, est verum per accidens, et non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3656 per se. Et hoc patet ex eo quod subdit, <i>quandoquidem videmus
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3657 etiam immanissimas bestias a maximis voluptatibus absterreri
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
3658 dolorum metu</i>, qui contrariatur vitae, quae maxime amatur.</p><p title="I-II q. 35 a. 6 ad 2"><a name="35076"><span class="ref">[35076] Iª-IIae q. 35 a. 6 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3659 dicendum quod aliter est in motu qui est ab interiori, et aliter in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3660 motu qui est ab exteriori. Motus enim qui est ab interiori, magis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3661 tendit in id quod est conveniens, quam recedat a contrario, sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3662 supra dictum est de motu naturali. Sed motus qui est ab extrinseco,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3663 intenditur ex ipsa contrarietate, quia unumquodque suo modo nititur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3664 ad resistendum contrario, sicut ad conservationem sui ipsius. Unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3665 motus violentus intenditur in principio, et remittitur in fine.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3666 Motus autem appetitivae partis est ab intrinseco, cum sit ab anima
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3667 ad res. Et ideo, per se loquendo, magis appetitur delectatio quam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3668 fugiatur tristitia. Sed motus sensitivae partis est ab exteriori,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3669 quasi a rebus ad animam. Unde magis sentitur quod est magis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3670 contrarium. Et sic etiam per accidens, inquantum sensus requiritur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3671 ad delectationem et tristitiam, magis fugitur tristitia quam
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
3672 delectatio appetatur.</p><p title="I-II q. 35 a. 6 ad 3"><a name="35077"><span class="ref">[35077] Iª-IIae q. 35 a. 6 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3673 dicendum quod fortis non laudatur ex eo quod secundum rationem non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3674 vincitur a dolore vel tristitia quacumque, sed ea quae consistit in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3675 periculis mortis. Quae quidem tristitia magis fugitur quam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3676 appetatur delectatio ciborum vel venereorum, circa quam est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3677 temperantia, sicut vita magis amatur quam cibus vel coitus. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3678 temperatus magis laudatur ex hoc quod non prosequitur delectationes
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3679 tactus, quam ex hoc quod non fugit tristitias contrarias, ut patet
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
3680 in III Ethic.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 7</h3><p title="I-II q. 35 a. 7 arg. 1"><a name="35078"><span class="ref">[35078] Iª-IIae q. 35 a. 7 arg. 1</span></a> Ad septimum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3681 sic proceditur. Videtur quod dolor exterior sit maior quam dolor
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3682 cordis interior. Dolor enim exterior causatur ex causa repugnante
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3683 bonae consistentiae corporis, in quo est vita, dolor autem interior
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3684 causatur ex aliqua imaginatione mali. Cum ergo vita magis ametur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3685 quam imaginatum bonum, videtur, secundum praedicta, quod dolor
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
3686 exterior sit maior quam dolor interior.</p><p title="I-II q. 35 a. 7 arg. 2"><a name="35079"><span class="ref">[35079] Iª-IIae q. 35 a. 7 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3687 res magis movet quam rei similitudo. Sed dolor exterior provenit ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3688 reali coniunctione alicuius contrarii, dolor autem interior ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3689 similitudine contrarii apprehensa. Ergo maior est dolor exterior
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3690 quam dolor interior.</p><p title="I-II q. 35 a. 7 arg. 3"><a name="35080"><span class="ref">[35080] Iª-IIae q. 35 a. 7 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3691 causa ex effectu cognoscitur. Sed dolor exterior habet fortiores
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3692 effectus, facilius enim homo moritur propter dolores exteriores
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3693 quam propter dolorem interiorem. Ergo exterior dolor est maior, et
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3694 magis fugitur, quam dolor interior.</p><p title="I-II q. 35 a. 7 s. c."><a name="35081"><span class="ref">[35081] Iª-IIae q. 35 a. 7 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3695 est quod dicitur Eccli. XXV, <i>omnis plaga tristitia cordis est,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3696 et omnis malitia nequitia mulieris</i>. Ergo, sicut nequitia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3697 mulieris alias nequitias superat, ut ibi intenditur; ita tristitia
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
3698 cordis omnem plagam exteriorem excedit.</p><p title="I-II q. 35 a. 7 co."><a name="35082"><span class="ref">[35082] Iª-IIae q. 35 a. 7 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3699 dicendum quod dolor interior et exterior in uno conveniunt, et in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3700 duobus differunt. Conveniunt quidem in hoc, quod uterque est motus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3701 appetitivae virtutis, ut supra dictum est. Differunt autem secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3702 illa duo quae ad tristitiam et delectationem requiruntur, scilicet
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3703 secundum causam, quae est bonum vel malum coniunctum; et secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3704 apprehensionem. Causa enim doloris exterioris est malum coniunctum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3705 quod repugnat corpori, causa autem interioris doloris est malum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3706 coniunctum quod repugnat appetitui. Dolor etiam exterior sequitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3707 apprehensionem sensus, et specialiter tactus, dolor autem interior
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3708 sequitur apprehensionem interiorem, imaginationis scilicet vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3709 etiam rationis. Si ergo comparatur causa interioris doloris ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3710 causam exterioris, una per se pertinet ad appetitum, cuius est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3711 uterque dolor, alia vero per aliud. Nam dolor interior est ex hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3712 quod aliquid repugnat ipsi appetitui, exterior autem dolor, ex hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3713 quod repugnat appetitui quia repugnat corpori. Semper autem quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3714 est per se, prius est eo quod est per aliud. Unde ex parte ista,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3715 dolor interior praeeminet dolori exteriori. Similiter etiam ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3716 parte apprehensionis. Nam apprehensio rationis et imaginationis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3717 altior est quam apprehensio sensu tactus. Unde simpliciter et per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3718 se loquendo, dolor interior potior est quam dolor exterior. Cuius
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3719 signum est, quod etiam dolores exteriores aliquis voluntarie
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3720 suscipit, ut evitet interiorem dolorem. Et inquantum non repugnat
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3721 dolor exterior interiori appetitui, fit quodammodo delectabilis et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3722 iucundus interiori gaudio. Quandoque tamen dolor exterior est cum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3723 interiori dolore, et tunc dolor augetur. Non solum enim interior
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3724 dolor est maior quam exterior, sed etiam universalior. Quidquid
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3725 enim est repugnans corpori, potest esse repugnans interiori
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3726 appetitui; et quidquid apprehenditur sensu, potest apprehendi
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3727 imaginatione et ratione; sed non convertitur. Et ideo signanter in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3728 auctoritate adducta dicitur, omnis plaga tristitia cordis est, quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3729 etiam dolores exteriorum plagarum sub interiori cordis tristitia
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3730 comprehenduntur.</p><p title="I-II q. 35 a. 7 ad 1"><a name="35083"><span class="ref">[35083] Iª-IIae q. 35 a. 7 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3731 ergo dicendum quod dolor interior potest etiam esse de his quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3732 contrariantur vitae. Et sic comparatio doloris interioris ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3733 exteriorem non est accipienda secundum diversa mala quae sunt causa
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3734 doloris, sed secundum diversam comparationem huius causae doloris
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3735 ad appetitum.</p><p title="I-II q. 35 a. 7 ad 2"><a name="35084"><span class="ref">[35084] Iª-IIae q. 35 a. 7 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3736 dicendum quod tristitia interior non procedit ex similitudine rei
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3737 apprehensa, sicut ex causa, non enim homo tristatur interius de
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3738 ipsa similitudine apprehensa, sed de re cuius est similitudo. Quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3739 quidem res tanto perfectius apprehenditur per aliquam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3740 similitudinem, quanto similitudo est magis immaterialis et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3741 abstracta. Et ideo dolor interior, per se loquendo, est maior,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3742 tanquam de maiori malo existens; propter hoc quod interiori
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3743 apprehensione magis cognoscitur malum.</p><p title="I-II q. 35 a. 7 ad 3"><a name="35085"><span class="ref">[35085] Iª-IIae q. 35 a. 7 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3744 dicendum quod immutationes corporales magis causantur ex dolore
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3745 exteriori, tum quia causa doloris exterioris est corrumpens
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3746 coniunctum corporaliter, quod exigit apprehensio tactus. Tum etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3747 quia sensus exterior est magis corporalis quam sensus interior,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3748 sicut et appetitus sensitivus quam intellectivus. Et propter hoc,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3749 ut supra dictum est, ex motu appetitus sensitivi magis corpus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3750 immutatur. Et similiter ex dolore exteriori, magis quam ex dolore
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3751 interiori.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 8</h3><p title="I-II q. 35 a. 8 arg. 1"><a name="35086"><span class="ref">[35086] Iª-IIae q. 35 a. 8 arg. 1</span></a> Ad octavum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3752 sic proceditur. Videtur quod Damascenus inconvenienter quatuor
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3753 tristitiae species assignet, quae sunt acedia, achthos (vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3754 anxietas secundum Gregorium Nyssenum), misericordia et invidia.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3755 Tristitia enim delectationi opponitur. Sed delectationis non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3756 assignantur aliquae species. Ergo nec tristitiae species debent
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3757 assignari.</p><p title="I-II q. 35 a. 8 arg. 2"><a name="35087"><span class="ref">[35087] Iª-IIae q. 35 a. 8 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3758 poenitentia est quaedam species tristitiae. Similiter etiam Nemesis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3759 et zelus, ut dicit philosophus, II Rhetoric. Quae quidem sub his
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3760 speciebus non comprehenduntur. Ergo insufficiens est eius praedicta
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3761 divisio.</p><p title="I-II q. 35 a. 8 arg. 3"><a name="35088"><span class="ref">[35088] Iª-IIae q. 35 a. 8 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3762 omnis divisio debet esse per opposita. Sed praedicta non habent
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3763 oppositionem ad invicem. Nam secundum Gregorium <i>acedia est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3764 tristitia vocem amputans; anxietas vero est tristitia aggravans;
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3765 invidia vero est tristitia in alienis bonis; misericordia autem est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3766 tristitia in alienis malis</i>. Contingit autem aliquem tristari et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3767 de alienis malis, et de alienis bonis et simul cum hoc interius
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3768 aggravari, et exterius vocem amittere. Ergo praedicta divisio non
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3769 est conveniens.</p><p title="I-II q. 35 a. 8 s. c."><a name="35089"><span class="ref">[35089] Iª-IIae q. 35 a. 8 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3770 est auctoritas utriusque, scilicet Gregorii Nysseni et
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3771 Damasceni.</p><p title="I-II q. 35 a. 8 co."><a name="35090"><span class="ref">[35090] Iª-IIae q. 35 a. 8 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3772 dicendum quod ad rationem speciei pertinet quod se habeat ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3773 additione ad genus. Sed generi potest aliquid addi dupliciter. Uno
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3774 modo, quod per se ad ipsum pertinet, et virtute continetur in ipso,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3775 sicut rationale additur animali. Et talis additio facit veras
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3776 species alicuius generis, ut per philosophum patet, in VII et VIII
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3777 Metaphys. Aliquid vero additur generi quasi aliquid extraneum a
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3778 ratione ipsius, sicut si album animali addatur, vel aliquid
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3779 huiusmodi. Et talis additio non facit veras species generis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3780 secundum quod communiter loquimur de genere et speciebus. Interdum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3781 tamen dicitur aliquid esse species alicuius generis propter hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3782 quod habet aliquid extraneum ad quod applicatur generis ratio,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3783 sicut carbo et flamma dicuntur esse species ignis, propter
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3784 applicationem naturae ignis ad materiam alienam. Et simili modo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3785 loquendi dicuntur astrologia et perspectiva species mathematicae,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3786 inquantum principia mathematica applicantur ad materiam naturalem.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3787 Et hoc modo loquendi assignantur hic species tristitiae, per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3788 applicationem rationis tristitiae ad aliquid extraneum. Quod quidem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3789 extraneum accipi potest vel ex parte causae, obiecti; vel ex parte
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3790 effectus. Proprium enim obiectum tristitiae est proprium malum.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3791 Unde extraneum obiectum tristitiae accipi potest vel secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3792 alterum tantum, quia scilicet est malum, sed non proprium, et sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3793 est misericordia, quae est tristitia de alieno malo, inquantum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3794 tamen aestimatur ut proprium. Vel quantum ad utrumque, quia neque
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3795 est de proprio, neque de malo, sed de bono alieno, inquantum tamen
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3796 bonum alienum aestimatur ut proprium malum, et sic est invidia.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3797 Proprius autem effectus tristitiae consistit in quadam fuga
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3798 appetitus. Unde extraneum circa effectum tristitiae, potest accipi
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3799 quantum ad alterum tantum, quia scilicet tollitur fuga, et sic est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3800 anxietas quae sic aggravat animum, ut non appareat aliquod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3801 refugium, unde alio nomine dicitur angustia. Si vero intantum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3802 procedat talis aggravatio, ut etiam exteriora membra immobilitet ab
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3803 opere, quod pertinet ad acediam; sic erit extraneum quantum ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3804 utrumque, quia nec est fuga, nec est in appetitu. Ideo autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3805 specialiter acedia dicitur vocem amputare, quia vox inter omnes
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3806 exteriores motus magis exprimit interiorem conceptum et affectum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3807 non solum in hominibus, sed etiam in aliis animalibus, ut dicitur
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3808 in I Polit.</p><p title="I-II q. 35 a. 8 ad 1"><a name="35091"><span class="ref">[35091] Iª-IIae q. 35 a. 8 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3809 ergo dicendum quod delectatio causatur ex bono, quod uno modo
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3810 dicitur. Et ideo delectationis non assignantur tot species sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3811 tristitiae, quae causatur ex malo, quod multifariam contingit, ut
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3812 dicit Dionysius, IV cap. de Div. Nom.</p><p title="I-II q. 35 a. 8 ad 2"><a name="35092"><span class="ref">[35092] Iª-IIae q. 35 a. 8 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3813 dicendum quod poenitentia est de malo proprio, quod per se est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3814 obiectum tristitiae. Unde non pertinet ad has species. Zelus vero
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3815 et Nemesis sub invidia continentur, ut infra patebit.</p><p title="I-II q. 35 a. 8 ad 3"><a name="35093"><span class="ref">[35093] Iª-IIae q. 35 a. 8 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3816 dicendum quod divisio ista non sumitur secundum oppositiones
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3817 specierum, sed secundum diversitatem extraneorum ad quae trahitur
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
3818 ratio tristitiae, ut dictum est.</p></div></div><div class="q" id="q36"><h2>Quaestio 36</h2><div class="p"><h3>Prooemium</h3><p title="I-II q. 36 pr."><a name="35094"><span class="ref">[35094]
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3819 Iª-IIae q. 36 pr.</span></a> Deinde considerandum est de
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3820 causis tristitiae. Et circa hoc quaeruntur quatuor. Primo, utrum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3821 causa doloris sit bonum amissum, vel magis malum coniunctum.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3822 Secundo, utrum concupiscentia sit causa doloris. Tertio, utrum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3823 appetitus unitatis sit causa doloris. Quarto, utrum potestas cui
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
3824 resisti non potest, sit causa doloris.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 1</h3><p title="I-II q. 36 a. 1 arg. 1"><a name="35095"><span class="ref">[35095] Iª-IIae q. 36 a. 1 arg. 1</span></a> Ad primum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3825 sic proceditur. Videtur quod bonum amissum sit magis causa doloris
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3826 quam malum coniunctum. Dicit enim Augustinus, in libro de octo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3827 quaestionibus Dulcitii, dolorem esse de amissione bonorum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3828 temporalium. Eadem ergo ratione, quilibet dolor ex amissione
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3829 alicuius boni contingit.</p><p title="I-II q. 36 a. 1 arg. 2"><a name="35096"><span class="ref">[35096] Iª-IIae q. 36 a. 1 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3830 supra dictum est quod dolor qui delectationi contrariatur, est de
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3831 eodem de quo est delectatio. Sed delectatio est de bono, sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3832 supra dictum est. Ergo dolor est principaliter de amissione
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3833 boni.</p><p title="I-II q. 36 a. 1 arg. 3"><a name="35097"><span class="ref">[35097] Iª-IIae q. 36 a. 1 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3834 secundum Augustinum, XIV de Civ. Dei, amor est causa tristitiae,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3835 sicut et aliarum affectionum animae. Sed obiectum amoris est bonum.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3836 Ergo dolor vel tristitia magis respicit bonum amissum quam malum
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3837 coniunctum.</p><p title="I-II q. 36 a. 1 s. c."><a name="35098"><span class="ref">[35098] Iª-IIae q. 36 a. 1 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3838 est quod Damascenus dicit, in II libro, quod <i>expectatum malum
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
3839 timorem constituit, praesens vero tristitiam</i>.</p><p title="I-II q. 36 a. 1 co."><a name="35099"><span class="ref">[35099] Iª-IIae q. 36 a. 1 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3840 dicendum quod, si hoc modo se haberent privationes in apprehensione
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3841 animae, sicut se habent in ipsis rebus, ista quaestio nullius
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3842 momenti esse videretur. Malum enim, ut in primo libro habitum est,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3843 est privatio boni, privatio autem, in rerum natura, nihil est aliud
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3844 quam carentia oppositi habitus, secundum hoc ergo, idem esset
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3845 tristari de bono amisso, et de malo habito. Sed tristitia est motus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3846 appetitus apprehensionem sequentis. In apprehensione autem ipsa
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3847 privatio habet rationem cuiusdam entis, unde dicitur ens rationis.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3848 Et sic malum, cum sit privatio, se habet per modum contrarii. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3849 ideo, quantum ad motum appetitivum, differt utrum respiciat
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3850 principalius malum coniunctum, vel bonum amissum. Et quia motus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3851 appetitus animalis hoc modo se habet in operibus animae, sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3852 motus naturalis in rebus naturalibus; ex consideratione naturalium
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3853 motuum veritas accipi potest. Si enim accipiamus in motibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3854 naturalibus accessum et recessum, accessus per se respicit id quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3855 est conveniens naturae; recessus autem per se respicit id quod est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3856 contrarium; sicut grave per se recedit a loco superiori, accedit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3857 autem naturaliter ad locum inferiorem. Sed si accipiamus causam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3858 utriusque motus, scilicet gravitatem, ipsa gravitas per prius
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3859 inclinat ad locum deorsum, quam retrahat a loco sursum, a quo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3860 recedit ut deorsum tendat. Sic igitur, cum tristitia in motibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3861 appetitivis se habeat per modum fugae vel recessus, delectatio
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3862 autem per modum prosecutionis vel accessus; sicut delectatio per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3863 prius respicit bonum adeptum, quasi proprium obiectum, ita
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3864 tristitia respicit malum coniunctum. Sed causa delectationis et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3865 tristitiae, scilicet amor, per prius respicit bonum quam malum. Sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3866 ergo eo modo quo obiectum est causa passionis, magis proprie est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3867 causa tristitiae vel doloris malum coniunctum, quam bonum
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3868 amissum.</p><p title="I-II q. 36 a. 1 ad 1"><a name="35100"><span class="ref">[35100] Iª-IIae q. 36 a. 1 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3869 ergo dicendum quod ipsa amissio boni apprehenditur sub ratione
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3870 mali, sicut et amissio mali apprehenditur sub ratione boni. Et ideo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3871 Augustinus dicit dolorem provenire ex amissione temporalium
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3872 bonorum.</p><p title="I-II q. 36 a. 1 ad 2"><a name="35101"><span class="ref">[35101] Iª-IIae q. 36 a. 1 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3873 dicendum quod delectatio et dolor ei contrarius respiciunt idem,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3874 sed sub contraria ratione, nam si delectatio est de praesentia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3875 alicuius, tristitia est de absentia eiusdem. In uno autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3876 contrariorum includitur privatio alterius, ut patet in X Metaphys.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3877 Et inde est quod tristitia quae est de contrario, est quodammodo de
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3878 eodem sub contraria ratione.</p><p title="I-II q. 36 a. 1 ad 3"><a name="35102"><span class="ref">[35102] Iª-IIae q. 36 a. 1 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3879 dicendum quod, quando ex una causa proveniunt multi motus, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3880 oportet quod omnes principalius respiciant illud quod principalius
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3881 respicit causa, sed primus tantum. Unusquisque autem aliorum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3882 principalius respicit illud quod est ei conveniens secundum
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3883 propriam rationem.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 2</h3><p title="I-II q. 36 a. 2 arg. 1"><a name="35103"><span class="ref">[35103] Iª-IIae q. 36 a. 2 arg. 1</span></a> Ad secundum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3884 sic proceditur. Videtur quod concupiscentia non sit causa doloris
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3885 seu tristitiae. Tristitia enim per se respicit malum, ut dictum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3886 est. Concupiscentia autem est motus quidam appetitus in bonum.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3887 Motus autem qui est in unum contrarium, non est causa motus qui
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3888 respicit aliud contrarium. Ergo concupiscentia non est causa
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3889 doloris.</p><p title="I-II q. 36 a. 2 arg. 2"><a name="35104"><span class="ref">[35104] Iª-IIae q. 36 a. 2 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3890 dolor, secundum Damascenum, est de praesenti, concupiscentia autem
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3891 est de futuro. Ergo concupiscentia non est causa doloris.</p><p title="I-II q. 36 a. 2 arg. 3"><a name="35105"><span class="ref">[35105] Iª-IIae q. 36 a. 2 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3892 id quod est per se delectabile, non est causa doloris. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3893 concupiscentia est secundum seipsam delectabilis, ut philosophus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3894 dicit, in I Rhetoric. Ergo concupiscentia non est causa doloris seu
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3895 tristitiae.</p><p title="I-II q. 36 a. 2 s. c."><a name="35106"><span class="ref">[35106] Iª-IIae q. 36 a. 2 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3896 est quod Augustinus dicit, in Enchirid., <i>subintrantibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3897 ignorantia agendarum rerum, et concupiscentia noxiarum, comites
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3898 subinferuntur error et dolor</i>. Sed ignorantia est causa erroris.
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3899 Ergo concupiscentia est causa doloris.</p><p title="I-II q. 36 a. 2 co."><a name="35107"><span class="ref">[35107] Iª-IIae q. 36 a. 2 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3900 dicendum quod tristitia est motus quidam appetitus animalis. Motus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3901 autem appetitivus habet, sicut dictum est, similitudinem appetitus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3902 naturalis. Cuius duplex causa assignari potest, una per modum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3903 finis; alia sicut unde est principium motus. Sicut descensionis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3904 corporis gravis causa sicut finis, est locus deorsum, principium
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3905 autem motus est inclinatio naturalis, quae est ex gravitate. Causa
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3906 autem motus appetitivi per modum finis, est eius obiectum. Et sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3907 supra dictum est quod causa doloris seu tristitiae est malum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3908 coniunctum. Causa autem sicut unde est principium talis motus, est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3909 interior inclinatio appetitus. Qui quidem per prius inclinatur ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3910 bonum; et ex consequenti ad repudiandum malum contrarium. Et ideo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3911 huiusmodi motus appetitivi primum principium est amor, qui est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3912 prima inclinatio appetitus ad bonum consequendum, secundum autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3913 principium est odium, quod est inclinatio prima appetitus ad malum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3914 fugiendum. Sed quia concupiscentia vel cupiditas est primus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3915 effectus amoris, quo maxime delectamur, ut supra dictum est; ideo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3916 frequenter Augustinus cupiditatem vel concupiscentiam pro amore
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3917 ponit, ut etiam supra dictum est. Et hoc modo concupiscentiam dicit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3918 esse universalem causam doloris. Sed ipsa concupiscentia, secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3919 propriam rationem considerata, est interdum causa doloris. Omne
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3920 enim quod impedit motum ne perveniat ad terminum, est contrarium
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3921 motui. Illud autem quod est contrarium motui appetitus, est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3922 contristans. Et sic per consequens concupiscentia fit causa
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3923 tristitiae, inquantum de retardatione boni concupiti, vel totali
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3924 ablatione, tristamur. Universalis autem causa doloris esse non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3925 potest, quia magis dolemus de subtractione bonorum praesentium, in
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3926 quibus iam delectamur, quam futurorum, quae concupiscimus.</p><p title="I-II q. 36 a. 2 ad 1"><a name="35108"><span class="ref">[35108] Iª-IIae q. 36 a. 2 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3927 ergo dicendum quod inclinatio appetitus ad bonum consequendum, est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3928 causa inclinationis appetitus ad malum fugiendum, sicut dictum est.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3929 Et ex hoc contingit quod motus appetitivi qui respiciunt bonum,
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3930 ponuntur causa motuum appetitus qui respiciunt malum.</p><p title="I-II q. 36 a. 2 ad 2"><a name="35109"><span class="ref">[35109] Iª-IIae q. 36 a. 2 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3931 dicendum quod illud quod concupiscitur, etsi realiter sit futurum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3932 est tamen quodammodo praesens, inquantum speratur. Vel potest dici
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3933 quod, licet ipsum bonum concupitum sit futurum, tamen impedimentum
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3934 praesentialiter apponitur, quod dolorem causat.</p><p title="I-II q. 36 a. 2 ad 3"><a name="35110"><span class="ref">[35110] Iª-IIae q. 36 a. 2 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3935 dicendum quod concupiscentia est delectabilis, quandiu manet spes
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3936 adipiscendi quod concupiscitur. Sed, subtracta spe per impedimentum
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3937 appositum, concupiscentia dolorem causat.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 3</h3><p title="I-II q. 36 a. 3 arg. 1"><a name="35111"><span class="ref">[35111] Iª-IIae q. 36 a. 3 arg. 1</span></a> Ad tertium
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3938 sic proceditur. Videtur quod appetitus unitatis non sit causa
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3939 doloris. Dicit enim philosophus, in X Ethic., quod haec opinio,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3940 quae posuit repletionem esse causam delectationis, et incisionem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3941 causam tristitiae, videtur esse facta ex delectationibus et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3942 tristitiis quae sunt circa cibum. Sed non omnis delectatio vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3943 tristitia est huiusmodi. Ergo appetitus unitatis non est causa
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3944 universalis doloris, cum repletio ad unitatem pertineat, incisio
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3945 vero multitudinem inducat.</p><p title="I-II q. 36 a. 3 arg. 2"><a name="35112"><span class="ref">[35112] Iª-IIae q. 36 a. 3 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3946 quaelibet separatio unitati opponitur. Si ergo dolor causaretur ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3947 appetitu unitatis, nulla separatio esset delectabilis. Quod patet
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3948 esse falsum in separatione omnium superfluorum.</p><p title="I-II q. 36 a. 3 arg. 3"><a name="35113"><span class="ref">[35113] Iª-IIae q. 36 a. 3 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3949 eadem ratione appetimus coniunctionem boni, et remotionem mali. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3950 sicut coniunctio pertinet ad unitatem, cum sit unio quaedam; ita
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3951 separatio est contrarium unitati. Ergo appetitus unitatis non magis
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3952 debet poni causa doloris quam appetitus separationis.</p><p title="I-II q. 36 a. 3 s. c."><a name="35114"><span class="ref">[35114] Iª-IIae q. 36 a. 3 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3953 est quod Augustinus dicit, in III de libero arbitrio, <i>quod ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3954 dolore quem bestiae sentiunt, satis apparet in regendis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3955 animandisque suis corporibus, quam sint animae appetentes unitatis.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3956 Quid enim est aliud dolor, nisi quidam sensus divisionis vel
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3957 corruptionis impatiens?</i></p><p title="I-II q. 36 a. 3 co."><a name="35115"><span class="ref">[35115] Iª-IIae q. 36 a. 3 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3958 dicendum quod eo modo quo concupiscentia vel cupiditas boni est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3959 causa doloris, etiam appetitus unitatis, vel amor, causa doloris
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3960 ponendus est. Bonum enim uniuscuiusque rei in quadam unitate
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3961 consistit, prout scilicet unaquaeque res habet in se unita illa ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3962 quibus consistit eius perfectio, unde et Platonici posuerunt unum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3963 esse principium, sicut et bonum. Unde naturaliter unumquodque
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3964 appetit unitatem, sicut et bonitatem. Et propter hoc, sicut amor
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3965 vel appetitus boni est causa doloris, ita etiam amor vel appetitus
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3966 unitatis.</p><p title="I-II q. 36 a. 3 ad 1"><a name="35116"><span class="ref">[35116] Iª-IIae q. 36 a. 3 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3967 ergo dicendum quod non omnis unio perficit rationem boni, sed solum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3968 illa a qua dependet esse perfectum rei. Et propter hoc etiam, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3969 cuiuslibet appetitus unitatis est causa doloris vel tristitiae, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3970 quidam opinabantur. Quorum opinionem ibi philosophus excludit per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3971 hoc, quod quaedam repletiones non sunt delectabiles, sicut repleti
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3972 cibis non delectantur in ciborum sumptione. Talis enim repletio,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3973 sive unio, magis repugnaret ad perfectum esse, quam ipsum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3974 constitueret. Unde dolor non causatur ex appetitu cuiuslibet
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3975 unitatis, sed eius in qua consistit perfectio naturae.</p><p title="I-II q. 36 a. 3 ad 2"><a name="35117"><span class="ref">[35117] Iª-IIae q. 36 a. 3 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3976 dicendum quod separatio potest esse delectabilis, vel inquantum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3977 removetur illud quod est contrarium perfectioni rei, vel inquantum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3978 separatio habet aliquam unionem adiunctam, puta sensibilis ad
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3979 sensum.</p><p title="I-II q. 36 a. 3 ad 3"><a name="35118"><span class="ref">[35118] Iª-IIae q. 36 a. 3 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3980 dicendum quod separatio nocivorum et corrumpentium appetitur,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3981 inquantum tollunt debitam unitatem. Unde appetitus huiusmodi
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3982 separationis non est prima causa doloris, sed magis appetitus
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3983 unitatis.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 4</h3><p title="I-II q. 36 a. 4 arg. 1"><a name="35119"><span class="ref">[35119] Iª-IIae q. 36 a. 4 arg. 1</span></a> Ad quartum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3984 sic proceditur. Videtur quod potestas maior non debeat poni causa
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3985 doloris. Quod enim est in potestate agentis, nondum est praesens,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3986 sed futurum. Dolor autem est de malo praesenti. Ergo potestas maior
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3987 non est causa doloris.</p><p title="I-II q. 36 a. 4 arg. 2"><a name="35120"><span class="ref">[35120] Iª-IIae q. 36 a. 4 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3988 nocumentum illatum est causa doloris. Sed nocumentum potest inferri
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3989 etiam a potestate minore. Ergo potestas maior non debet poni causa
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3990 doloris.</p><p title="I-II q. 36 a. 4 arg. 3"><a name="35121"><span class="ref">[35121] Iª-IIae q. 36 a. 4 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3991 causae appetitivorum motuum sunt interiores inclinationes animae.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3992 Potestas autem maior est aliquid exterius. Ergo non debet poni
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3993 causa doloris.</p><p title="I-II q. 36 a. 4 s. c."><a name="35122"><span class="ref">[35122] Iª-IIae q. 36 a. 4 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3994 est quod Augustinus dicit, in libro de natura boni, <i>in animo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3995 dolorem facit voluntas resistens potestati maiori; in corpore
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3996 dolorem facit sensus resistens corpori potentiori</i>.</p><p title="I-II q. 36 a. 4 co."><a name="35123"><span class="ref">[35123] Iª-IIae q. 36 a. 4 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3997 dicendum quod, sicut supra dictum est, malum coniunctum est causa
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3998 doloris vel tristitiae per modum obiecti. Id ergo quod est causa
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3999 coniunctionis mali, debet poni causa doloris vel tristitiae.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4000 Manifestum est autem hoc esse contra inclinationem appetitus, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4001 malo praesentialiter inhaereat. Quod autem est contra inclinationem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4002 alicuius, nunquam advenit ei nisi per actionem alicuius fortioris.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4003 Et ideo potestas maior ponitur esse causa doloris ab Augustino. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4004 sciendum est quod, si potestas fortior intantum invalescat quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4005 mutet contrariam inclinationem in inclinationem propriam, iam non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4006 erit aliqua repugnantia vel violentia, sicut quando agens fortius,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4007 corrumpendo corpus grave, aufert ei inclinationem qua tendit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4008 deorsum; et tunc ferri sursum non est ei violentum, sed naturale.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4009 Sic igitur si aliqua potestas maior intantum invalescat quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4010 auferat inclinationem voluntatis vel appetitus sensitivi, ex ea non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4011 sequitur dolor vel tristitia, sed tunc solum sequitur, quando
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4012 remanet inclinatio appetitus in contrarium. Et inde est quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4013 Augustinus dicit quod voluntas resistens potestati fortiori, causat
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4014 dolorem, si enim non resisteret, sed cederet consentiendo, non
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4015 sequeretur dolor, sed delectatio.</p><p title="I-II q. 36 a. 4 ad 1"><a name="35124"><span class="ref">[35124] Iª-IIae q. 36 a. 4 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4016 ergo dicendum quod maior potestas dolorem causat, non secundum quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4017 est agens in potentia, sed secundum quod est agens actu, dum
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4018 scilicet facit coniunctionem mali corruptivi.</p><p title="I-II q. 36 a. 4 ad 2"><a name="35125"><span class="ref">[35125] Iª-IIae q. 36 a. 4 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4019 dicendum quod nihil prohibet aliquam potestatem quae non est maior
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4020 simpliciter, esse maiorem quantum ad aliquid. Et secundum hoc,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4021 aliquod nocumentum inferre potest. Si autem nullo modo maior esset,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4022 nullo modo posset nocere. Unde non posset causam doloris
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4023 inferre.</p><p title="I-II q. 36 a. 4 ad 3"><a name="35126"><span class="ref">[35126] Iª-IIae q. 36 a. 4 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4024 dicendum quod exteriora agentia possunt esse causa motuum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4025 appetitivorum, inquantum causant praesentiam obiecti. Et hoc modo
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4026 potestas maior ponitur causa doloris.</p></div></div><div class="q" id="q37"><h2>Quaestio 37</h2><div class="p"><h3>Prooemium</h3><p title="I-II q. 37 pr."><a name="35127"><span class="ref">[35127]
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4027 Iª-IIae q. 37 pr.</span></a> Deinde considerandum est de
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4028 effectibus doloris vel tristitiae. Et circa hoc quaeruntur quatuor.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4029 Primo, utrum dolor auferat facultatem addiscendi. Secundo, utrum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4030 aggravatio animi sit effectus tristitiae vel doloris. Tertio, utrum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4031 tristitia vel dolor debilitet omnem operationem. Quarto, utrum
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4032 tristitia noceat corpori magis quam aliae passiones animae.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 1</h3><p title="I-II q. 37 a. 1 arg. 1"><a name="35128"><span class="ref">[35128] Iª-IIae q. 37 a. 1 arg. 1</span></a> Ad primum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4033 sic proceditur. Videtur quod dolor non auferat facultatem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4034 addiscendi. Dicitur enim Isaiae XXVI, <i>cum feceris iudicia tua in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4035 terra, iustitiam discent omnes habitatores orbis</i>. Et infra,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4036 <i>in tribulatione murmuris doctrina tua eis</i>, sed ex iudiciis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4037 Dei, et tribulatione, sequitur dolor seu tristitia in cordibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4038 hominum. Ergo dolor vel tristitia non tollit, sed magis auget
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4039 facultatem addiscendi.</p><p title="I-II q. 37 a. 1 arg. 2"><a name="35129"><span class="ref">[35129] Iª-IIae q. 37 a. 1 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4040 Isaiae XXVIII, dicitur, <i>quem docebit scientiam? Et quem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4041 intelligere faciet auditum? Ablactatos a lacte, avulsos ab
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4042 uberibus</i> idest a delectationibus. Sed dolor et tristitia maxime
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4043 tollunt delectationes, impedit enim tristitia omnem delectationem,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4044 ut dicitur in VII Ethic.; et Eccli. XI dicitur quod <i>malitia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4045 unius horae oblivionem facit luxuriae maximae</i>. Ergo dolor non
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4046 tollit, sed magis praebet facultatem addiscendi.</p><p title="I-II q. 37 a. 1 arg. 3"><a name="35130"><span class="ref">[35130] Iª-IIae q. 37 a. 1 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4047 tristitia interior praeeminet dolori exteriori, ut supra dictum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4048 est. Sed simul cum tristitia potest homo addiscere. Ergo multo
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4049 magis simul cum dolore corporali.</p><p title="I-II q. 37 a. 1 s. c."><a name="35131"><span class="ref">[35131] Iª-IIae q. 37 a. 1 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4050 est quod Augustinus dicit, in I Soliloq., <i>quanquam acerrimo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4051 dolore dentium his diebus torquerer, non quidem sinebar animo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4052 volvere nisi ea quae iam forte didiceram. A discendo autem penitus
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4053 impediebar, ad quod mihi tota intentione animi opus erat</i>.</p><p title="I-II q. 37 a. 1 co."><a name="35132"><span class="ref">[35132] Iª-IIae q. 37 a. 1 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4054 dicendum quod, quia omnes potentiae animae in una essentia animae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4055 radicantur, necesse est quod, quando intentio animae vehementer
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4056 trahitur ad operationem unius potentiae, retrahatur ab operatione
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4057 alterius, unius enim animae non potest esse nisi una intentio. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4058 propter hoc, si aliquid ad se trahat totam intentionem animae, vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4059 magnam partem ipsius, non compatitur secum aliquid aliud quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4060 magnam attentionem requirat. Manifestum est autem quod dolor
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4061 sensibilis maxime trahit ad se intentionem animae, quia naturaliter
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4062 unumquodque tota intentione tendit ad repellendum contrarium, sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4063 etiam in rebus naturalibus apparet. Similiter etiam manifestum est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4064 quod ad addiscendum aliquid de novo, requiritur studium et conatus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4065 cum magna intentione, ut patet per illud quod dicitur Prov. II,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4066 <i>si quaesieris sapientiam quasi pecuniam, et sicut thesauros
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4067 effoderis eam, tunc intelliges disciplinam</i>. Et ideo si sit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4068 dolor intensus, impeditur homo ne tunc aliquid addiscere possit. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4069 tantum potest intendi, quod nec etiam, instante dolore, potest homo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4070 aliquid considerare etiam quod prius scivit. In hoc tamen
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4071 attenditur diversitas secundum diversitatem amoris quem homo habet
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4072 ad addiscendum vel considerandum, qui quanto maior fuerit, magis
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4073 retinet intentionem animi, ne omnino feratur ad dolorem.</p><p title="I-II q. 37 a. 1 ad 1"><a name="35133"><span class="ref">[35133] Iª-IIae q. 37 a. 1 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4074 ergo dicendum quod tristitia moderata, quae excludit evagationem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4075 animi, potest conferre ad disciplinam suscipiendam, et praecipue
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4076 eorum per quae homo sperat se posse a tristitia liberari. Et hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4077 modo in tribulatione murmuris homines doctrinam Dei magis
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4078 recipiunt.</p><p title="I-II q. 37 a. 1 ad 2"><a name="35134"><span class="ref">[35134] Iª-IIae q. 37 a. 1 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4079 dicendum quod tam delectatio quam dolor, inquantum ad se trahunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4080 animae intentionem, impediunt considerationem rationis, unde in VII
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4081 Ethic. dicitur quod <i>impossibile est in ipsa delectatione
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4082 venereorum, aliquid intelligere</i>. Sed tamen dolor magis trahit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4083 ad se intentionem animae quam delectatio, sicut etiam videmus in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4084 rebus naturalibus, quod actio corporis naturalis magis intenditur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4085 in contrarium; sicut aqua calefacta magis patitur a frigido, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4086 fortius congeletur. Si ergo dolor seu tristitia fuerit moderata,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4087 per accidens potest conferre ad addiscendum, inquantum aufert
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4088 superabundantiam delectationum. Sed per se impedit, et si
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4089 intendatur, totaliter aufert.</p><p title="I-II q. 37 a. 1 ad 3"><a name="35135"><span class="ref">[35135] Iª-IIae q. 37 a. 1 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4090 dicendum quod dolor exterior accidit ex laesione corporali, et ita
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4091 magis habet transmutationem corporalem adiunctam quam dolor
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4092 interior, qui tamen est maior secundum illud quod est formale in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4093 dolore, quod est ex parte animae. Et ideo dolor corporalis magis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4094 impedit contemplationem, quae requirit omnimodam quietem, quam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4095 dolor interior. Et tamen etiam dolor interior, si multum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4096 intendatur, ita trahit intentionem, ut non possit homo de novo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4097 aliquid addiscere. Unde et Gregorius propter tristitiam intermisit
53
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parents: 28
diff changeset
4098 Ezechielis expositionem.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 2</h3><p title="I-II q. 37 a. 2 arg. 1"><a name="35136"><span class="ref">[35136] Iª-IIae q. 37 a. 2 arg. 1</span></a> Ad secundum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4099 sic proceditur. Videtur quod aggravatio animi non sit effectus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4100 tristitiae. Dicit enim apostolus, II ad Cor. VII, <i>ecce hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4101 ipsum, contristari vos secundum Deum, quantam in vobis operatur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4102 sollicitudinem, sed defensionem, sed indignationem,</i> et cetera.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4103 Sed sollicitudo et indignatio ad quandam erectionem animi
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4104 pertinent, quae aggravationi opponitur. Non ergo aggravatio est
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4105 effectus tristitiae.</p><p title="I-II q. 37 a. 2 arg. 2"><a name="35137"><span class="ref">[35137] Iª-IIae q. 37 a. 2 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4106 tristitia delectationi opponitur. Sed effectus delectationis est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4107 dilatatio, cui non opponitur aggravatio, sed constrictio. Ergo
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
4108 effectus tristitiae non debet poni aggravatio.</p><p title="I-II q. 37 a. 2 arg. 3"><a name="35138"><span class="ref">[35138] Iª-IIae q. 37 a. 2 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4109 ad tristitiam pertinet absorbere, ut patet per illud quod apostolus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4110 dicit, II ad Cor. II, <i>ne forte abundantiori tristitia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4111 absorbeatur qui est eiusmodi</i>. Sed quod aggravatur, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4112 absorbetur, quinimmo sub aliquo ponderoso deprimitur; quod autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4113 absorbetur, intra absorbens includitur. Ergo aggravatio non debet
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4114 poni effectus tristitiae.</p><p title="I-II q. 37 a. 2 s. c."><a name="35139"><span class="ref">[35139] Iª-IIae q. 37 a. 2 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4115 est quod Gregorius Nyssenus et Damascenus ponunt tristitiam
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
4116 aggravantem.</p><p title="I-II q. 37 a. 2 co."><a name="35140"><span class="ref">[35140] Iª-IIae q. 37 a. 2 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4117 dicendum quod effectus passionum animae quandoque metaphorice
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4118 nominantur, secundum similitudinem sensibilium corporum, eo quod
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4119 motus appetitus animalis sunt similes inclinationibus appetitus
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4120 naturalis. Et per hunc modum fervor attribuitur amori, dilatatio
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4121 delectationi, et aggravatio tristitiae. Dicitur enim homo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4122 aggravari, ex eo quod aliquo pondere impeditur a proprio motu.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4123 Manifestum est autem ex praedictis quod tristitia contingit ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4124 aliquo malo praesenti. Quod quidem, ex hoc ipso quod repugnat motui
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4125 voluntatis, aggravat animum, inquantum impedit ipsum ne fruatur eo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4126 quod vult. Et si quidem non sit tanta vis mali contristantis ut
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4127 auferat spem evadendi, licet animus aggravetur quantum ad hoc, quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4128 in praesenti non potitur eo quod vult; remanet tamen motus ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4129 repellendum nocivum contristans. Si vero superexcrescat vis mali
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4130 intantum ut spem evasionis excludat, tunc simpliciter impeditur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4131 etiam interior motus animi angustiati, ut neque hac neque illac
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4132 divertere valeat. Et quandoque etiam impeditur exterior motus
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4133 corporis, ita quod remaneat homo stupidus in seipso.</p><p title="I-II q. 37 a. 2 ad 1"><a name="35141"><span class="ref">[35141] Iª-IIae q. 37 a. 2 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4134 ergo dicendum quod illa erectio animi provenit ex tristitia quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4135 est secundum Deum, propter spem adiunctam de remissione
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4136 peccati.</p><p title="I-II q. 37 a. 2 ad 2"><a name="35142"><span class="ref">[35142] Iª-IIae q. 37 a. 2 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4137 dicendum quod, quantum ad motum appetitivum pertinet, ad idem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4138 refertur constrictio et aggravatio. Ex hoc enim quod aggravatur
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4139 animus, ut ad exteriora libere progredi non possit, ad seipsum
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
4140 retrahitur, quasi in seipso constrictus.</p><p title="I-II q. 37 a. 2 ad 3"><a name="35143"><span class="ref">[35143] Iª-IIae q. 37 a. 2 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4141 dicendum quod tristitia absorbere hominem dicitur, quando sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4142 totaliter vis contristantis mali afficit animam, ut omnem spem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4143 evasionis excludat. Et sic etiam eodem modo aggravat et absorbet.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4144 Quaedam enim se consequuntur in his quae metaphorice dicuntur, quae
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
4145 sibi repugnare videntur, si secundum proprietatem accipiantur.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 3</h3><p title="I-II q. 37 a. 3 arg. 1"><a name="35144"><span class="ref">[35144] Iª-IIae q. 37 a. 3 arg. 1</span></a> Ad tertium
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4146 sic proceditur. Videtur quod tristitia non impediat omnem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4147 operationem. Sollicitudo enim ex tristitia causatur, ut patet per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4148 auctoritatem apostoli inductam. Sed sollicitudo adiuvat ad bene
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4149 operandum, unde apostolus dicit, II ad Tim. II, <i>sollicite cura
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4150 teipsum exhibere operarium inconfusibilem</i>. Ergo tristitia non
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4151 impedit operationem, sed magis adiuvat ad bene operandum.</p><p title="I-II q. 37 a. 3 arg. 2"><a name="35145"><span class="ref">[35145] Iª-IIae q. 37 a. 3 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4152 tristitia causat in multis concupiscentiam, ut dicitur in VII
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4153 Ethic. Sed concupiscentia facit ad intensionem operationis. Ergo et
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
4154 tristitia.</p><p title="I-II q. 37 a. 3 arg. 3"><a name="35146"><span class="ref">[35146] Iª-IIae q. 37 a. 3 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4155 sicut quaedam operationes propriae sunt gaudentium, ita etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4156 quaedam operationes his qui tristantur, sicut lugere. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4157 unumquodque augetur ex sibi convenienti. Ergo aliquae operationes
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4158 non impediuntur, sed meliorantur propter tristitiam.</p><p title="I-II q. 37 a. 3 s. c."><a name="35147"><span class="ref">[35147] Iª-IIae q. 37 a. 3 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4159 est quod philosophus dicit, in X Ethic., quod delectatio perficit
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4160 operationem, sed e contrario tristitia impedit.</p><p title="I-II q. 37 a. 3 co."><a name="35148"><span class="ref">[35148] Iª-IIae q. 37 a. 3 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4161 dicendum quod, sicut iam dictum est, tristitia quandoque non ita
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4162 aggravat vel absorbet animum, ut omnem motum interiorem et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4163 exteriorem excludat; sed aliqui motus quandoque ex ipsa tristitia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4164 causantur. Sic ergo operatio ad tristitiam dupliciter potest
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4165 comparari. Uno modo, sicut ad id de quo est tristitia. Et sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4166 tristitia quamlibet operationem impedit, nunquam enim illud quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4167 cum tristitia facimus, ita bene facimus sicut illud quod facimus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4168 cum delectatione, vel sine tristitia. Cuius ratio est, quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4169 voluntas est causa operationis humanae, unde quando operatio est de
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4170 qua aliquis contristatur, necesse est quod actio debilitetur. Alio
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4171 modo comparatur operatio ad tristitiam sicut ad principium et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4172 causam. Et sic necesse est quod operatio talis ex tristitia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4173 augeatur, sicut quanto aliquis magis tristatur de re aliqua, tanto
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4174 magis conatur ad expellendam tristitiam, dummodo remaneat spes
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4175 expellendi, alioquin nullus motus vel operatio ex tristitia
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4176 causaretur.</p><p title="I-II q. 37 a. 3 ad arg."><a name="35149"><span class="ref">[35149] Iª-IIae q. 37 a. 3 ad arg.</span></a> Et per hoc
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4177 patet responsio ad obiecta.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 4</h3><p title="I-II q. 37 a. 4 arg. 1"><a name="35150"><span class="ref">[35150] Iª-IIae q. 37 a. 4 arg. 1</span></a> Ad quartum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4178 sic proceditur. Videtur quod tristitia non inferat maxime corpori
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4179 nocumentum. Tristitia enim habet esse spirituale in anima. Sed ea
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4180 quae habent tantum esse spirituale, non causant transmutationem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4181 corporalem, sicut patet de intentionibus colorum quae sunt in aere,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4182 a quibus nullum corpus coloratur. Ergo tristitia non facit aliquod
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4183 corporale nocumentum.</p><p title="I-II q. 37 a. 4 arg. 2"><a name="35151"><span class="ref">[35151] Iª-IIae q. 37 a. 4 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4184 si facit aliquod corporale nocumentum, hoc non est nisi inquantum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4185 habet corporalem transmutationem adiunctam. Sed corporalis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4186 transmutatio invenitur in omnibus animae passionibus, ut supra
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4187 dictum est. Ergo non magis tristitia quam aliae animae passiones,
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4188 corpori nocet.</p><p title="I-II q. 37 a. 4 arg. 3"><a name="35152"><span class="ref">[35152] Iª-IIae q. 37 a. 4 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4189 philosophus dicit, in VII Ethic., quod <i>irae et concupiscentiae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4190 quibusdam insanias faciunt</i>, quod videtur esse maximum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4191 nocumentum, cum ratio sit excellentissimum eorum quae sunt in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4192 homine. Desperatio etiam videtur esse magis nociva quam tristitia,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4193 cum sit causa tristitiae. Ergo tristitia non magis nocet corpori
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4194 quam aliae animae passiones.</p><p title="I-II q. 37 a. 4 s. c."><a name="35153"><span class="ref">[35153] Iª-IIae q. 37 a. 4 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4195 est quod dicitur Prov. XVII, <i>animus gaudens aetatem floridam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4196 facit, spiritus tristis exsiccat ossa</i>. Et Prov. XXV, <i>sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4197 tinea vestimento, et vermis ligno, ita tristitia viri nocet
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4198 cordi</i>. Et Eccli. XXXVIII, <i>a tristitia festinat mors</i>.</p><p title="I-II q. 37 a. 4 co."><a name="35154"><span class="ref">[35154] Iª-IIae q. 37 a. 4 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4199 dicendum quod tristitia, inter omnes animae passiones, magis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4200 corpori nocet. Cuius ratio est, quia tristitia repugnat humanae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4201 vitae quantum ad speciem sui motus; et non solum quantum ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4202 mensuram seu quantitatem, sicut aliae animae passiones. Consistit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4203 enim humana vita in quadam motione, quae a corde in cetera membra
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4204 diffunditur, quae quidem motio convenit naturae humanae secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4205 aliquam determinatam mensuram. Si ergo ista motio procedat ultra
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4206 mensuram debitam, repugnabit humanae vitae secundum quantitatis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4207 mensuram; non autem secundum similitudinem speciei. Si autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4208 impediatur processus huius motionis, repugnabit vitae secundum suam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4209 speciem. Est autem attendendum in omnibus animae passionibus, quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4210 transmutatio corporalis, quae est in eis materialis, est conformis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4211 et proportionata motui appetitus, qui est formalis, sicut in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4212 omnibus materia proportionatur formae. Illae ergo animae passiones
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4213 quae important motum appetitus ad prosequendum aliquid, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4214 repugnant vitali motioni secundum speciem, sed possunt repugnare
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4215 secundum quantitatem, ut amor, gaudium, desiderium, et huiusmodi.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4216 Et ideo ista secundum speciem suam iuvant naturam corporis, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4217 propter excessum possunt nocere. Passiones autem quae important
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4218 motum appetitus cum fuga vel retractione quadam, repugnant vitali
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4219 motioni non solum secundum quantitatem, sed etiam secundum speciem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4220 motus, et ideo simpliciter nocent, sicut timor et desperatio, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4221 prae omnibus tristitia, quae aggravat animum ex malo praesenti,
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
4222 cuius est fortior impressio quam futuri.</p><p title="I-II q. 37 a. 4 ad 1"><a name="35155"><span class="ref">[35155] Iª-IIae q. 37 a. 4 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4223 ergo dicendum quod, quia anima naturaliter movet corpus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4224 spiritualis motus animae naturaliter est causa transmutationis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4225 corporalis. Nec est simile de spiritualibus intentionibus, quae non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4226 habent naturaliter ordinem movendi alia corpora, quae non sunt nata
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4227 moveri ab anima.</p><p title="I-II q. 37 a. 4 ad 2"><a name="35156"><span class="ref">[35156] Iª-IIae q. 37 a. 4 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4228 dicendum quod aliae passiones habent transmutationem corporalem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4229 conformem, secundum suam speciem, motioni vitali, sed tristitia
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4230 contrariam, ut supra dictum est.</p><p title="I-II q. 37 a. 4 ad 3"><a name="35157"><span class="ref">[35157] Iª-IIae q. 37 a. 4 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4231 dicendum quod ex leviori causa impeditur usus rationis quam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4232 corrumpatur vita, cum videamus multas aegritudines usum rationis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4233 tollere, quae nondum adimunt vitam. Et tamen timor et ira maxime
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4234 nocumentum corporale afferunt ex permixtione tristitiae, propter
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4235 absentiam eius quod cupitur. Ipsa etiam tristitia quandoque
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4236 rationem aufert, sicut patet in his qui propter dolorem in
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
4237 melancholiam vel in maniam incidunt.</p></div></div><div class="q" id="q38"><h2>Quaestio 38</h2><div class="p"><h3>Prooemium</h3><p title="I-II q. 38 pr."><a name="35158"><span class="ref">[35158]
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
4238 Iª-IIae q. 38 pr.</span></a> Deinde considerandum est de
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4239 remediis doloris seu tristitiae. Et circa hoc quaeruntur quinque.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4240 Primo, utrum dolor vel tristitia mitigetur per quamlibet
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4241 delectationem. Secundo, utrum mitigetur per fletum. Tertio, utrum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4242 per compassionem amicorum. Quarto, utrum per contemplationem
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
4243 veritatis. Quinto, utrum per somnum et balnea.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 1</h3><p title="I-II q. 38 a. 1 arg. 1"><a name="35159"><span class="ref">[35159] Iª-IIae q. 38 a. 1 arg. 1</span></a> Ad primum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4244 sic proceditur. Videtur quod non quaelibet delectatio mitiget
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4245 quemlibet dolorem seu tristitiam. Non enim delectatio tristitiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4246 mitigat, nisi inquantum ei contrariatur, medicinae enim fiunt per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4247 contraria, ut dicitur in II Ethic. Sed non quaelibet delectatio
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4248 contrariatur cuilibet tristitiae, ut supra dictum est. Ergo non
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
4249 quaelibet delectatio mitigat quamlibet tristitiam.</p><p title="I-II q. 38 a. 1 arg. 2"><a name="35160"><span class="ref">[35160] Iª-IIae q. 38 a. 1 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4250 illud quod causat tristitiam, non mitigat tristitiam. Sed aliquae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4251 delectationes causant tristitiam, quia, ut dicitur in IX Ethic.,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4252 <i>malus tristatur quoniam delectatus est</i>. Non ergo omnis
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
4253 delectatio mitigat tristitiam.</p><p title="I-II q. 38 a. 1 arg. 3"><a name="35161"><span class="ref">[35161] Iª-IIae q. 38 a. 1 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4254 Augustinus dicit, in IV Confess., quod ipse fugit de patria, in qua
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4255 conversari solitus erat cum amico suo iam mortuo, <i>minus enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4256 quaerebant eum oculi eius, ubi videre non solebant</i>. Ex quo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4257 accipi potest quod illa in quibus nobis amici mortui vel absentes
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4258 communicaverunt, efficiuntur nobis, de eorum morte vel absentia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4259 dolentibus, onerosa. Sed maxime communicaverunt nobis in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4260 delectationibus. Ergo ipsae delectationes efficiuntur nobis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4261 dolentibus onerosae. Non ergo quaelibet delectatio mitigat
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4262 quamlibet tristitiam.</p><p title="I-II q. 38 a. 1 s. c."><a name="35162"><span class="ref">[35162] Iª-IIae q. 38 a. 1 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4263 est quod philosophus dicit, in VII Ethic., quod <i>expellit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4264 delectatio tristitiam, et quae contraria, et quae contingens, si
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4265 sit fortis</i>.</p><p title="I-II q. 38 a. 1 co."><a name="35163"><span class="ref">[35163] Iª-IIae q. 38 a. 1 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4266 dicendum quod, sicut ex praedictis patet, delectatio est quaedam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4267 quies appetitus in bono convenienti; tristitia autem est ex eo quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4268 repugnat appetitui. Unde sic se habet delectatio ad tristitiam in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4269 motibus appetitivis, sicut se habet in corporibus quies ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4270 fatigationem, quae accidit ex aliqua transmutatione innaturali, nam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4271 et ipsa tristitia fatigationem quandam, seu aegritudinem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4272 appetitivae virtutis importat. Sicut igitur quaelibet quies
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4273 corporis remedium affert contra quamlibet fatigationem, ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4274 quacumque causa innaturali provenientem; ita quaelibet delectatio
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4275 remedium affert ad mitigandam quamlibet tristitiam, ex quocumque
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
4276 procedat.</p><p title="I-II q. 38 a. 1 ad 1"><a name="35164"><span class="ref">[35164] Iª-IIae q. 38 a. 1 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4277 ergo dicendum quod, licet non omnis delectatio contrarietur omni
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4278 tristitiae secundum speciem, contrariatur tamen secundum genus, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4279 supra dictum est. Et ideo ex parte dispositionis subiecti,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4280 quaelibet tristitia per quamlibet delectationem mitigari
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4281 potest.</p><p title="I-II q. 38 a. 1 ad 2"><a name="35165"><span class="ref">[35165] Iª-IIae q. 38 a. 1 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4282 dicendum quod delectationes malorum non causant tristitiam in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4283 praesenti, sed in futuro, inquantum scilicet mali poenitent de
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4284 malis de quibus laetitiam habuerunt. Et huic tristitiae subvenitur
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
4285 per contrarias delectationes.</p><p title="I-II q. 38 a. 1 ad 3"><a name="35166"><span class="ref">[35166] Iª-IIae q. 38 a. 1 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4286 dicendum quod, quando sunt duae causae ad contrarios motus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4287 inclinantes, utraque alteram impedit, et tamen illa finaliter
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4288 vincit, quae fortior est et diuturnior. In eo autem qui tristatur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4289 de his in quibus simul cum amico mortuo vel absente delectari
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4290 consuevit, duae causae in contrarium moventes inveniuntur. Nam mors
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4291 vel absentia amici recogitata, inclinat ad dolorem, bonum autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4292 praesens inclinat ad delectationem. Unde utrumque per alterum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4293 minuitur. Sed tamen, quia fortius movet sensus praesentis quam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4294 memoria praeteriti, et amor sui ipsius quam amor alterius
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4295 diuturnius manet; inde est quod finaliter delectatio tristitiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4296 expellit. Unde post pauca subdit ibidem Augustinus quod
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4297 <i>pristinis generibus delectationum cedebat dolor eius</i>.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 2</h3><p title="I-II q. 38 a. 2 arg. 1"><a name="35167"><span class="ref">[35167] Iª-IIae q. 38 a. 2 arg. 1</span></a> Ad secundum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4298 sic proceditur. Videtur quod fletus non mitiget tristitiam. Nullus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4299 enim effectus diminuit suam causam. Sed fletus, vel gemitus, est
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4300 effectus tristitiae. Ergo non minuit tristitiam.</p><p title="I-II q. 38 a. 2 arg. 2"><a name="35168"><span class="ref">[35168] Iª-IIae q. 38 a. 2 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4301 sicut fletus vel gemitus est effectus tristitiae, ita risus est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4302 effectus laetitiae. Sed risus non minuit laetitiam. Ergo fletus non
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4303 mitigat tristitiam.</p><p title="I-II q. 38 a. 2 arg. 3"><a name="35169"><span class="ref">[35169] Iª-IIae q. 38 a. 2 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4304 in fletu repraesentatur nobis malum contristans. Sed imaginatio rei
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4305 contristantis auget tristitiam, sicut imaginatio rei delectantis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4306 auget laetitiam. Ergo videtur quod fletus non mitiget
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4307 tristitiam.</p><p title="I-II q. 38 a. 2 s. c."><a name="35170"><span class="ref">[35170] Iª-IIae q. 38 a. 2 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4308 est quod Augustinus dicit, in IV Confess., quod quando dolebat de
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4309 morte amici, <i>in solis gemitibus et lacrimis erat ei aliquantula
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4310 requies</i>.</p><p title="I-II q. 38 a. 2 co."><a name="35171"><span class="ref">[35171] Iª-IIae q. 38 a. 2 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4311 dicendum quod lacrimae et gemitus naturaliter mitigant tristitiam.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4312 Et hoc duplici ratione. Primo quidem, quia omne nocivum interius
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4313 clausum magis affligit, quia magis multiplicatur intentio animae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4314 circa ipsum, sed quando ad exteriora diffunditur, tunc animae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4315 intentio ad exteriora quodammodo disgregatur, et sic interior dolor
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4316 minuitur. Et propter hoc, quando homines qui sunt in tristitiis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4317 exterius suam tristitiam manifestant vel fletu aut gemitu, vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4318 etiam verbo, mitigatur tristitia. Secundo, quia semper operatio
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4319 conveniens homini secundum dispositionem in qua est, sibi est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4320 delectabilis. Fletus autem et gemitus sunt quaedam operationes
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4321 convenientes tristato vel dolenti. Et ideo efficiuntur ei
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4322 delectabiles. Cum igitur omnis delectatio aliqualiter mitiget
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4323 tristitiam vel dolorem, ut dictum est, sequitur quod per planctum
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4324 et gemitum tristitia mitigetur.</p><p title="I-II q. 38 a. 2 ad 1"><a name="35172"><span class="ref">[35172] Iª-IIae q. 38 a. 2 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4325 ergo dicendum quod ipsa habitudo causae ad effectum contrariatur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4326 habitudini contristantis ad contristatum, nam omnis effectus est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4327 conveniens suae causae, et per consequens est ei delectabilis;
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4328 contristans autem contrariatur contristato. Et ideo effectus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4329 tristitiae habet contrariam habitudinem ad contristatum, quam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4330 contristans ad ipsum. Et propter hoc, mitigatur tristitia per
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4331 effectum tristitiae, ratione contrarietatis praedictae.</p><p title="I-II q. 38 a. 2 ad 2"><a name="35173"><span class="ref">[35173] Iª-IIae q. 38 a. 2 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4332 dicendum quod habitudo effectus ad causam est similis habitudini
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4333 delectantis ad delectatum, quia utrobique convenientia invenitur.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4334 Omne autem simile auget suum simile. Et ideo per risum et alios
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4335 effectus laetitiae augetur laetitia, nisi forte per accidens,
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4336 propter excessum.</p><p title="I-II q. 38 a. 2 ad 3"><a name="35174"><span class="ref">[35174] Iª-IIae q. 38 a. 2 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4337 dicendum quod imaginatio rei contristantis, quantum est de se, nata
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4338 est augere tristitiam, sed ex hoc ipso quod homo imaginatur quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4339 facit illud quod convenit sibi secundum talem statum, consurgit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4340 inde quaedam delectatio. Et eadem ratione, si alicui subrepat risus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4341 in statu in quo videtur sibi esse lugendum, ex hoc ipso dolet,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4342 tanquam faciat id quod non convenit, ut Tullius dicit, in III de
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4343 Tuscul. quaestionibus.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 3</h3><p title="I-II q. 38 a. 3 arg. 1"><a name="35175"><span class="ref">[35175] Iª-IIae q. 38 a. 3 arg. 1</span></a> Ad tertium
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4344 sic proceditur. Videtur quod dolor amici compatientis non mitiget
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4345 tristitiam. Contrariorum enim contrarii sunt effectus. Sed sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4346 Augustinus dicit, VIII Confess., <i>quando cum multis gaudetur, in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4347 singulis uberius est gaudium, quia fervere faciunt se, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4348 inflammantur ex alterutro</i>. Ergo, pari ratione, quando multi
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4349 simul tristantur, videtur quod sit maior tristitia.</p><p title="I-II q. 38 a. 3 arg. 2"><a name="35176"><span class="ref">[35176] Iª-IIae q. 38 a. 3 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4350 hoc requirit amicitia, ut amoris vicem quis rependat, ut Augustinus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4351 dicit, IV Confess. Sed amicus condolens dolet de dolore amici
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4352 dolentis. Ergo ipse dolor amici condolentis est causa amico prius
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4353 dolenti de proprio malo, alterius doloris. Et sic, duplicato
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4354 dolore, videtur tristitia crescere.</p><p title="I-II q. 38 a. 3 arg. 3"><a name="35177"><span class="ref">[35177] Iª-IIae q. 38 a. 3 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4355 omne malum amici est contristans, sicut et malum proprium, nam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4356 amicus est alter ipse. Sed dolor est quoddam malum. Ergo dolor
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4357 amici condolentis auget tristitiam amico cui condoletur.</p><p title="I-II q. 38 a. 3 s. c."><a name="35178"><span class="ref">[35178] Iª-IIae q. 38 a. 3 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4358 est quod philosophus dicit, in IX Ethic., quod in tristitiis amicus
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4359 condolens consolatur.</p><p title="I-II q. 38 a. 3 co."><a name="35179"><span class="ref">[35179] Iª-IIae q. 38 a. 3 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4360 dicendum quod naturaliter amicus condolens in tristitiis, est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4361 consolativus. Cuius duplicem rationem tangit philosophus in IX
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4362 Ethic. Quarum prima est quia, cum ad tristitiam pertineat
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4363 aggravare, habet rationem cuiusdam oneris, a quo aliquis aggravatus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4364 alleviari conatur. Cum ergo aliquis videt de sua tristitia alios
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4365 contristatos, fit ei quasi quaedam imaginatio quod illud onus alii
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4366 cum ipso ferant, quasi conantes ad ipsum ab onere alleviandum et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4367 ideo levius fert tristitiae onus, sicut etiam in portandis oneribus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4368 corporalibus contingit. Secunda ratio, et melior, est quia per hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4369 quod amici contristantur ei, percipit se ab eis amari; quod est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4370 delectabile, ut supra dictum est. Unde, cum omnis delectatio
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4371 mitiget tristitiam, sicut supra dictum est, sequitur quod amicus
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4372 condolens tristitiam mitiget.</p><p title="I-II q. 38 a. 3 ad 1"><a name="35180"><span class="ref">[35180] Iª-IIae q. 38 a. 3 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4373 ergo dicendum quod in utroque amicitia manifestatur, scilicet et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4374 quod congaudet gaudenti, et quod condolet dolenti. Et ideo utrumque
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4375 ratione causae redditur delectabile.</p><p title="I-II q. 38 a. 3 ad 2"><a name="35181"><span class="ref">[35181] Iª-IIae q. 38 a. 3 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4376 dicendum quod ipse dolor amici secundum se contristaret. Sed
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4377 consideratio causae eius, quae est amor, magis delectat.</p><p title="I-II q. 38 a. 3 ad 3"><a name="35182"><span class="ref">[35182] Iª-IIae q. 38 a. 3 ad 3</span></a> Et per hoc
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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diff changeset
4378 patet responsio ad tertium.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 4</h3><p title="I-II q. 38 a. 4 arg. 1"><a name="35183"><span class="ref">[35183] Iª-IIae q. 38 a. 4 arg. 1</span></a> Ad quartum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4379 sic proceditur. Videtur quod contemplatio veritatis non mitiget
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4380 dolorem. Dicitur enim Eccle. I, <i>qui addit scientiam, addit et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4381 dolorem</i>. Sed scientia ad contemplationem veritatis pertinet.
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
4382 Non ergo contemplatio veritatis mitigat dolorem.</p><p title="I-II q. 38 a. 4 arg. 2"><a name="35184"><span class="ref">[35184] Iª-IIae q. 38 a. 4 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4383 contemplatio veritatis ad intellectum speculativum pertinet. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4384 intellectus speculativus non movet, ut dicitur in III de anima. Cum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4385 igitur gaudium et dolor sint quidam motus animi, videtur quod
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
4386 contemplatio veritatis nihil faciat ad mitigationem doloris.</p><p title="I-II q. 38 a. 4 arg. 3"><a name="35185"><span class="ref">[35185] Iª-IIae q. 38 a. 4 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4387 remedium aegritudinis apponendum est ubi est aegritudo. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4388 contemplatio veritatis est in intellectu. Non ergo mitigat dolorem
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
4389 corporalem, qui est in sensu.</p><p title="I-II q. 38 a. 4 s. c."><a name="35186"><span class="ref">[35186] Iª-IIae q. 38 a. 4 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4390 est quod Augustinus dicit, in I Soliloq., <i>videbatur mihi, si se
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4391 ille mentibus nostris veritatis fulgor aperiret, aut non me
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4392 sensurum fuisse illum dolorem, aut certe pro nihilo
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
4393 toleraturum</i>.</p><p title="I-II q. 38 a. 4 co."><a name="35187"><span class="ref">[35187] Iª-IIae q. 38 a. 4 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4394 dicendum quod, sicut supra dictum est, in contemplatione veritatis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4395 maxima delectatio consistit. Omnis autem delectatio dolorem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4396 mitigat, ut supra dictum est. Et ideo contemplatio veritatis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4397 mitigat tristitiam vel dolorem, et tanto magis, quanto perfectius
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4398 aliquis est amator sapientiae. Et ideo homines ex contemplatione
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4399 divina et futurae beatitudinis, in tribulationibus gaudent;
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4400 secundum illud Iacobi I, <i>omne gaudium existimate, fratres mei,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4401 cum in tentationes varias incideritis</i>. Et quod est amplius,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4402 etiam inter corporis cruciatus huiusmodi gaudium invenitur,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4403 <i>sicut Tiburtius martyr, cum nudatis plantis super ardentes
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4404 prunas incederet, dixit, videtur mihi quod super roseos flores
53
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parents: 28
diff changeset
4405 incedam, in nomine Iesu Christi</i>.</p><p title="I-II q. 38 a. 4 ad 1"><a name="35188"><span class="ref">[35188] Iª-IIae q. 38 a. 4 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4406 ergo dicendum quod qui addit scientiam, addit dolorem, vel propter
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4407 difficultatem et defectum inveniendae veritatis, vel propter hoc,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4408 quod per scientiam homo cognoscit multa quae voluntati
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4409 contrariantur. Et sic ex parte rerum cognitarum, scientia dolorem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4410 causat, ex parte autem contemplationis veritatis,
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4411 delectationem.</p><p title="I-II q. 38 a. 4 ad 2"><a name="35189"><span class="ref">[35189] Iª-IIae q. 38 a. 4 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4412 dicendum quod intellectus speculativus non movet animum ex parte
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4413 rei speculatae, movet tamen animum ex parte ipsius speculationis,
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
4414 quae est quoddam bonum hominis, et naturaliter delectabilis.</p><p title="I-II q. 38 a. 4 ad 3"><a name="35190"><span class="ref">[35190] Iª-IIae q. 38 a. 4 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4415 dicendum quod in viribus animae fit redundantia a superiori ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4416 inferius. Et secundum hoc, delectatio contemplationis, quae est in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4417 superiori parte, redundat ad mitigandum etiam dolorem qui est in
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
4418 sensu.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 5</h3><p title="I-II q. 38 a. 5 arg. 1"><a name="35191"><span class="ref">[35191] Iª-IIae q. 38 a. 5 arg. 1</span></a> Ad quintum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4419 sic proceditur. Videtur quod somnus et balneum non mitigent
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4420 tristitiam. Tristitia enim in anima consistit. Sed somnus et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4421 balneum ad corpus pertinent. Non ergo aliquid faciunt ad
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4422 mitigationem tristitiae.</p><p title="I-II q. 38 a. 5 arg. 2"><a name="35192"><span class="ref">[35192] Iª-IIae q. 38 a. 5 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4423 idem effectus non videtur causari ex contrariis causis. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4424 huiusmodi, cum sint corporalia, repugnant contemplationi veritatis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4425 quae est causa mitigationis tristitiae, ut dictum est. Non ergo per
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4426 huiusmodi tristitia mitigatur.</p><p title="I-II q. 38 a. 5 arg. 3"><a name="35193"><span class="ref">[35193] Iª-IIae q. 38 a. 5 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4427 tristitia et dolor, secundum quod pertinent ad corpus, in quadam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4428 transmutatione cordis consistunt. Sed huiusmodi remedia magis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4429 videntur pertinere ad exteriores sensus et membra, quam ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4430 interiorem cordis dispositionem. Non ergo per huiusmodi tristitia
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4431 mitigatur.</p><p title="I-II q. 38 a. 5 s. c."><a name="35194"><span class="ref">[35194] Iª-IIae q. 38 a. 5 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4432 est quod Augustinus dicit, IX Confess., <i>audieram balnei nomen
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4433 inde dictum, quod anxietatem pellat ex animo</i> et infra,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4434 <i>dormivi, et evigilavi, et non parva ex parte mitigatum inveni
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4435 dolorem meum</i>. Et inducit quod in hymno Ambrosii dicitur, quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4436 <i>quies artus solutos reddit laboris usui, mentesque fessas
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
4437 allevat, luctusque solvit anxios</i>.</p><p title="I-II q. 38 a. 5 co."><a name="35195"><span class="ref">[35195] Iª-IIae q. 38 a. 5 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4438 dicendum quod, sicut supra dictum est, tristitia secundum suam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4439 speciem repugnat vitali motioni corporis. Et ideo illa quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4440 reformant naturam corporalem in debitum statum vitalis motionis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4441 repugnant tristitiae, et ipsam mitigant. Per hoc etiam quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4442 huiusmodi remediis reducitur natura ad debitum statum, causatur ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4443 his delectatio, hoc enim est quod delectationem facit, ut supra
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4444 dictum est. Unde, cum omnis delectatio tristitiam mitiget, per
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
4445 huiusmodi remedia corporalia tristitia mitigatur.</p><p title="I-II q. 38 a. 5 ad 1"><a name="35196"><span class="ref">[35196] Iª-IIae q. 38 a. 5 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4446 ergo dicendum quod ipsa debita corporis dispositio, inquantum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4447 sentitur, delectationem causat, et per consequens tristitiam
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4448 mitigat.</p><p title="I-II q. 38 a. 5 ad 2"><a name="35197"><span class="ref">[35197] Iª-IIae q. 38 a. 5 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4449 dicendum quod delectationum una aliam impedit, ut supra dictum est,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4450 et tamen omnis delectatio tristitiam mitigat. Unde non est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4451 inconveniens quod ex causis se invicem impedientibus tristitia
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4452 mitigetur.</p><p title="I-II q. 38 a. 5 ad 3"><a name="35198"><span class="ref">[35198] Iª-IIae q. 38 a. 5 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4453 dicendum quod omnis bona dispositio corporis redundat quodammodo ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4454 cor, sicut ad principium et finem corporalium motionum, ut dicitur
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4455 in libro de causa motus animalium.</p></div></div><div class="q" id="q39"><h2>Quaestio 39</h2><div class="p"><h3>Prooemium</h3><p title="I-II q. 39 pr."><a name="35199"><span class="ref">[35199]
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
4456 Iª-IIae q. 39 pr.</span></a> Deinde considerandum est de
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4457 bonitate et malitia doloris vel tristitiae. Et circa hoc quaeruntur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4458 quatuor. Primo, utrum omnis tristitia sit malum. Secundo, utrum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4459 possit esse bonum honestum. Tertio, utrum possit esse bonum utile.
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
4460 Quarto, utrum dolor corporis sit summum malum.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 1</h3><p title="I-II q. 39 a. 1 arg. 1"><a name="35200"><span class="ref">[35200] Iª-IIae q. 39 a. 1 arg. 1</span></a> Ad primum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4461 sic proceditur. Videtur quod omnis tristitia sit mala. Dicit enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4462 Gregorius Nyssenus, <i>omnis tristitia malum est, sui ipsius
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4463 natura</i>. Sed quod naturaliter est malum, semper et ubique est
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4464 malum. Ergo omnis tristitia est mala.</p><p title="I-II q. 39 a. 1 arg. 2"><a name="35201"><span class="ref">[35201] Iª-IIae q. 39 a. 1 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4465 illud quod omnes fugiunt, etiam virtuosi, est malum. Sed tristitiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4466 omnes fugiunt, etiam virtuosi, quia, ut dicitur in VII Ethic.,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4467 <i>etsi prudens non intendat delectari, tamen intendit non
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4468 tristari</i>. Ergo tristitia est malum.</p><p title="I-II q. 39 a. 1 arg. 3"><a name="35202"><span class="ref">[35202] Iª-IIae q. 39 a. 1 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4469 sicut malum corporale est obiectum et causa doloris corporalis, ita
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4470 malum spirituale est obiectum et causa tristitiae spiritualis. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4471 omnis dolor corporalis est malum corporis. Ergo omnis tristitia
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4472 spiritualis est malum animae.</p><p title="I-II q. 39 a. 1 s. c."><a name="35203"><span class="ref">[35203] Iª-IIae q. 39 a. 1 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4473 tristitia de malo contrariatur delectationi de malo. Sed delectatio
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4474 de malo est mala, unde in detestationem quorundam dicitur Prov. II,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4475 quod <i>laetantur cum malefecerint</i>. Ergo tristitia de malo est
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
4476 bona.</p><p title="I-II q. 39 a. 1 co."><a name="35204"><span class="ref">[35204] Iª-IIae q. 39 a. 1 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4477 dicendum quod aliquid esse bonum vel malum, potest dici dupliciter.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4478 Uno modo, simpliciter et secundum se. Et sic omnis tristitia est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4479 quoddam malum, hoc enim ipsum quod est appetitum hominis anxiari de
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4480 malo praesenti, rationem mali habet; impeditur enim per hoc quies
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4481 appetitus in bono. Alio modo dicitur aliquid bonum vel malum, ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4482 suppositione alterius, sicut verecundia dicitur esse bonum, ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4483 suppositione alicuius turpis commissi, ut dicitur in IV Ethic. Sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4484 igitur, supposito aliquo contristabili vel doloroso, ad bonitatem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4485 pertinet quod aliquis de malo praesenti tristetur vel doleat. Quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4486 enim non tristaretur vel non doleret, non posset esse nisi quia vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4487 non sentiret, vel quia non reputaret sibi repugnans, et utrumque
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4488 istorum est malum manifeste. Et ideo ad bonitatem pertinet ut,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4489 supposita praesentia mali, sequatur tristitia vel dolor. Et hoc est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4490 quod Augustinus dicit, VIII super Gen. ad Litt., <i>adhuc est bonum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4491 quod dolet amissum bonum, nam nisi aliquod bonum remansisset in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4492 natura, nullius boni amissi dolor esset in poena</i>. Sed quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4493 sermones morales sunt in singularibus, quorum sunt operationes,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4494 illud quod est ex suppositione bonum, debet bonum iudicari, sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4495 quod est ex suppositione voluntarium, iudicatur voluntarium, ut
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
4496 dicitur in III Ethic., et supra habitum est.</p><p title="I-II q. 39 a. 1 ad 1"><a name="35205"><span class="ref">[35205] Iª-IIae q. 39 a. 1 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4497 ergo dicendum quod Gregorius Nyssenus loquitur de tristitia ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4498 parte mali tristantis, non autem ex parte sentientis et repudiantis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4499 malum. Et ex hac etiam parte omnes fugiunt tristitiam, inquantum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4500 fugiunt malum, sed sensum et refutationem mali non fugiunt. Et sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4501 etiam dicendum est de dolore corporali, nam sensus et recusatio
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4502 mali corporalis attestatur naturae bonae.</p><p title="I-II q. 39 a. 1 ad 2"><a name="35206"><span class="ref">[35206] Iª-IIae q. 39 a. 1 ad 2</span></a> Unde patet
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
4503 responsio ad secundum et tertium.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 2</h3><p title="I-II q. 39 a. 2 arg. 1"><a name="35207"><span class="ref">[35207] Iª-IIae q. 39 a. 2 arg. 1</span></a> Ad secundum
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4504 sic proceditur. Videtur quod tristitia non habeat rationem boni
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4505 honesti. Quod enim ad Inferos deducit, contrariatur honesto. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4506 sicut dicit Augustinus, XII super Gen. ad Litt., <i>Iacob hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4507 timuisse videtur, ne nimia tristitia sic perturbaretur, ut non ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4508 requiem beatorum iret, sed ad Inferos peccatorum</i>. Ergo
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
4509 tristitia non habet rationem boni honesti.</p><p title="I-II q. 39 a. 2 arg. 2"><a name="35208"><span class="ref">[35208] Iª-IIae q. 39 a. 2 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4510 bonum honestum habet rationem laudabilis et meritorii. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4511 tristitia diminuit rationem laudis et meriti, dicit enim apostolus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4512 II ad Cor. IX, <i>unusquisque prout destinavit in corde suo, non ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4513 tristitia aut ex necessitate</i>. Ergo tristitia non est bonum
53
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diff changeset
4514 honestum.</p><p title="I-II q. 39 a. 2 arg. 3"><a name="35209"><span class="ref">[35209] Iª-IIae q. 39 a. 2 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4515 sicut Augustinus dicit, XIV de Civ. Dei, <i>tristitia est de his
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4516 quae, nobis nolentibus, accidunt</i>. Sed non velle ea quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4517 praesentialiter fiunt, est habere voluntatem repugnantem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4518 ordinationi divinae, cuius providentiae subiacent omnia quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4519 aguntur. Ergo, cum conformitas humanae voluntatis ad divinam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4520 pertineat ad rectitudinem voluntatis, ut supra dictum est; videtur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4521 quod tristitia contrarietur rectitudini voluntatis. Et sic non
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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diff changeset
4522 habet rationem honesti.</p><p title="I-II q. 39 a. 2 s. c."><a name="35210"><span class="ref">[35210] Iª-IIae q. 39 a. 2 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4523 omne quod meretur praemium vitae aeternae, habet rationem honesti.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4524 Sed tristitia est huiusmodi, ut patet per id quod dicitur Matth. V,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4525 <i>beati qui lugent, quoniam ipsi consolabuntur</i>. Ergo tristitia
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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diff changeset
4526 est bonum honestum.</p><p title="I-II q. 39 a. 2 co."><a name="35211"><span class="ref">[35211] Iª-IIae q. 39 a. 2 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4527 dicendum quod, secundum illam rationem qua tristitia est bonum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4528 potest esse bonum honestum. Dictum est enim quod tristitia est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4529 bonum secundum cognitionem et recusationem mali. Quae quidem duo in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4530 dolore corporali, attestantur bonitati naturae, ex qua provenit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4531 quod sensus sentit, et natura refugit laesivum, quod causat
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4532 dolorem. In interiori vero tristitia, cognitio mali quandoque
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4533 quidem est per rectum iudicium rationis; et recusatio mali est per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4534 voluntatem bene dispositam detestantem malum. Omne autem bonum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4535 honestum ex his duobus procedit, scilicet ex rectitudine rationis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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diff changeset
4536 et voluntatis. Unde manifestum est quod tristitia potest habere
53
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diff changeset
4537 rationem boni honesti.</p><p title="I-II q. 39 a. 2 ad 1"><a name="35212"><span class="ref">[35212] Iª-IIae q. 39 a. 2 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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diff changeset
4538 ergo dicendum quod omnes passiones animae regulari debent secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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diff changeset
4539 regulam rationis, quae est radix boni honesti. Quam transcendit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4540 immoderata tristitia, de qua loquitur Augustinus. Et ideo recedit a
53
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diff changeset
4541 ratione boni honesti.</p><p title="I-II q. 39 a. 2 ad 2"><a name="35213"><span class="ref">[35213] Iª-IIae q. 39 a. 2 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4542 dicendum quod, sicut tristitia de malo procedit ex voluntate et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4543 ratione recta, quae detestatur malum; ita tristitia de bono
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4544 procedit ex ratione et voluntate perversa, quae detestatur bonum.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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diff changeset
4545 Et ideo talis tristitia impedit laudem vel meritum boni honesti,
53
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4546 sicut cum quis facit cum tristitia eleemosynam.</p><p title="I-II q. 39 a. 2 ad 3"><a name="35214"><span class="ref">[35214] Iª-IIae q. 39 a. 2 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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diff changeset
4547 dicendum quod aliqua praesentialiter eveniunt, quae non fiunt Deo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4548 volente, sed Deo permittente, sicut peccata. Unde voluntas
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4549 repugnans peccato existenti vel in se vel in alio, non discordat a
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4550 voluntate Dei. Mala vero poenalia praesentialiter contingunt, etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4551 Deo volente. Non tamen exigitur ad rectitudinem voluntatis, quod ea
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4552 secundum se homo velit, sed solum quod non contranitatur ordini
53
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diff changeset
4553 divinae iustitiae, ut supra dictum est.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 3</h3><p title="I-II q. 39 a. 3 arg. 1"><a name="35215"><span class="ref">[35215] Iª-IIae q. 39 a. 3 arg. 1</span></a> Ad tertium
28
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diff changeset
4554 sic proceditur. Videtur quod tristitia non possit esse bonum utile.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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diff changeset
4555 Dicitur enim Eccli. XXX, <i>multos occidit tristitia, et non est
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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diff changeset
4556 utilitas in illa</i>.</p><p title="I-II q. 39 a. 3 arg. 2"><a name="35216"><span class="ref">[35216] Iª-IIae q. 39 a. 3 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4557 electio est de eo quod est utile ad finem aliquem. Sed tristitia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4558 non est eligibilis, quinimmo <i>idem sine tristitia, quam cum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4559 tristitia, est magis eligendum</i>, ut dicitur in III Topic. Ergo
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
4560 tristitia non est bonum utile.</p><p title="I-II q. 39 a. 3 arg. 3"><a name="35217"><span class="ref">[35217] Iª-IIae q. 39 a. 3 arg. 3</span></a>
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4561 <i>Praeterea, omnis res est propter suam operationem</i>, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4562 dicitur in II de coelo. Sed tristitia impedit operationem, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4563 dicitur in X Ethic. Ergo tristitia non habet rationem boni
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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diff changeset
4564 utilis.</p><p title="I-II q. 39 a. 3 s. c."><a name="35218"><span class="ref">[35218] Iª-IIae q. 39 a. 3 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4565 sapiens non quaerit nisi utilia. Sed sicut dicitur Eccle. VII,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4566 <i>cor sapientum ubi tristitia, et cor stultorum ubi laetitia</i>.
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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diff changeset
4567 Ergo tristitia est utilis.</p><p title="I-II q. 39 a. 3 co."><a name="35219"><span class="ref">[35219] Iª-IIae q. 39 a. 3 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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diff changeset
4568 dicendum quod ex malo praesenti insurgit duplex appetitivus motus.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4569 Unus quidem est quo appetitus contrariatur malo praesenti. Et ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4570 ista parte tristitia non habet utilitatem, quia id quod est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4571 praesens, non potest non esse praesens. Secundus motus consurgit in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4572 appetitu ad fugiendum vel repellendum malum contristans. Et quantum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4573 ad hoc, tristitia habet utilitatem, si sit de aliquo quod est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4574 fugiendum. Est enim aliquid fugiendum dupliciter. Uno modo, propter
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4575 seipsum, ex contrarietate quam habet ad bonum; sicut peccatum. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4576 ideo tristitia de peccato utilis est ad hoc quod homo fugiat
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4577 peccatum, sicut apostolus dicit, II ad Cor. VII, <i>gaudeo, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4578 quia contristati estis, sed quia contristati estis ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4579 poenitentiam</i>. Alio modo est aliquid fugiendum, non quia sit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4580 secundum se malum, sed quia est occasio mali; dum vel homo nimis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4581 inhaeret ei per amorem, vel etiam ex hoc praecipitatur in aliquod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4582 malum, sicut patet in bonis temporalibus. Et secundum hoc,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4583 tristitia de bonis temporalibus potest esse utilis, sicut dicitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4584 Eccle. VII, <i>melius est ire ad domum luctus quam ad domum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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diff changeset
4585 convivii, in illa enim finis cunctorum admonetur hominum</i>. Ideo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4586 autem tristitia in omni fugiendo est utilis, quia geminatur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4587 fugiendi causa. Nam ipsum malum secundum se fugiendum est, ipsam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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diff changeset
4588 autem tristitiam secundum se omnes fugiunt, sicut etiam bonum omnes
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4589 appetunt, et delectationem de bono. Sicut ergo delectatio de bono
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4590 facit ut bonum avidius quaeratur, ita tristitia de malo facit ut
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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diff changeset
4591 malum vehementius fugiatur.</p><p title="I-II q. 39 a. 3 ad 1"><a name="35220"><span class="ref">[35220] Iª-IIae q. 39 a. 3 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28
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diff changeset
4592 ergo dicendum quod auctoritas illa intelligitur de immoderata
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
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diff changeset
4593 tristitia, quae animum absorbet. Huiusmodi enim tristitia
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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diff changeset
4594 immobilitat animum, et impedit fugam mali, ut supra dictum est.</p><p title="I-II q. 39 a. 3 ad 2"><a name="35221"><span class="ref">[35221] Iª-IIae q. 39 a. 3 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
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diff changeset
4595 dicendum quod, sicut quodlibet eligibile fit minus eligibile
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4596 propter tristitiam, ita quodlibet fugiendum redditur magis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4597 fugiendum propter tristitiam. Et quantum ad hoc, tristitia est
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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diff changeset
4598 utilis.</p><p title="I-II q. 39 a. 3 ad 3"><a name="35222"><span class="ref">[35222] Iª-IIae q. 39 a. 3 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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diff changeset
4599 dicendum quod tristitia de operatione aliqua, impedit operationem,
53
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diff changeset
4600 sed tristitia de cessatione operationis, facit avidius operari.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 4</h3><p title="I-II q. 39 a. 4 arg. 1"><a name="35223"><span class="ref">[35223] Iª-IIae q. 39 a. 4 arg. 1</span></a> Ad quartum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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diff changeset
4601 sic proceditur. Videtur quod tristitia sit summum malum. Optimo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4602 enim opponitur pessimum, ut dicitur in VIII Ethic. Sed quaedam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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diff changeset
4603 delectatio est optimum, quae scilicet pertinet ad felicitatem. Ergo
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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diff changeset
4604 aliqua tristitia est summum malum.</p><p title="I-II q. 39 a. 4 arg. 2"><a name="35224"><span class="ref">[35224] Iª-IIae q. 39 a. 4 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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diff changeset
4605 beatitudo est summum bonum hominis, quia est ultimus hominis finis.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4606 Sed beatitudo consistit in hoc quod homo habeat quidquid velit, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4607 nihil mali velit, ut supra dictum est. Ergo summum bonum hominis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4608 est impletio voluntatis ipsius. Sed tristitia consistit in hoc quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4609 accidit aliquid contra voluntatem, ut patet per Augustinum, XIV de
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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diff changeset
4610 Civ. Dei. Ergo tristitia est summum malum hominis.</p><p title="I-II q. 39 a. 4 arg. 3"><a name="35225"><span class="ref">[35225] Iª-IIae q. 39 a. 4 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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diff changeset
4611 Augustinus sic argumentatur in Soliloq., <i>ex duabus partibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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diff changeset
4612 compositi sumus, ex anima scilicet et corpore, quarum pars deterior
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4613 corpus est. Summum autem bonum est melioris partis optimum, summum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4614 autem malum, pessimum deterioris. Est autem optimum in animo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4615 sapientia, in corpore pessimum dolor. Summum igitur bonum hominis
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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diff changeset
4616 est sapere, summum malum dolere</i>.</p><p title="I-II q. 39 a. 4 s. c."><a name="35226"><span class="ref">[35226] Iª-IIae q. 39 a. 4 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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diff changeset
4617 culpa est magis malum quam poena, ut in primo habitum est. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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diff changeset
4618 tristitia seu dolor pertinet ad poenam peccati; sicut frui rebus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4619 mutabilibus est malum culpae. Dicit enim Augustinus, in libro de
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4620 vera religione, <i>quis est dolor qui dicitur animi, nisi carere
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4621 mutabilibus rebus quibus fruebatur, aut frui se posse speraverat?
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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diff changeset
4622 Et hoc est totum quod dicitur malum, idest peccatum, et poena
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4623 peccati</i>. Ergo tristitia seu dolor non est summum malum
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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diff changeset
4624 hominis.</p><p title="I-II q. 39 a. 4 co."><a name="35227"><span class="ref">[35227] Iª-IIae q. 39 a. 4 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
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diff changeset
4625 dicendum quod impossibile est aliquam tristitiam seu dolorem esse
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ht
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diff changeset
4626 summum hominis malum. Omnis enim tristitia seu dolor aut est de hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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diff changeset
4627 quod est vere malum, aut est de aliquo apparenti malo, quod est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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diff changeset
4628 vere bonum. Dolor autem seu tristitia quae est de vere malo, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4629 potest esse summum malum, est enim aliquid eo peius, scilicet vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4630 non iudicare esse malum illud quod vere est malum, vel etiam non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4631 refutare illud. Tristitia autem vel dolor qui est de apparenti
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4632 malo, quod est vere bonum, non potest esse summum malum, quia peius
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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diff changeset
4633 esset omnino alienari a vero bono. Unde impossibile est quod aliqua
53
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diff changeset
4634 tristitia vel dolor sit summum hominis malum.</p><p title="I-II q. 39 a. 4 ad 1"><a name="35228"><span class="ref">[35228] Iª-IIae q. 39 a. 4 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28
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diff changeset
4635 ergo dicendum quod duo bona sunt communia et delectationi et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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diff changeset
4636 tristitiae, scilicet iudicium verum de bono et malo; et ordo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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diff changeset
4637 debitus voluntatis approbantis bonum et recusantis malum. Et sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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diff changeset
4638 patet quod in dolore vel tristitia est aliquod bonum per cuius
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4639 privationem potest fieri deterius. Sed non in omni delectatione est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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diff changeset
4640 aliquod malum, per cuius remotionem possit fieri melius. Unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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diff changeset
4641 delectatio aliqua potest esse summum hominis bonum, eo modo quo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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diff changeset
4642 supra dictum est, tristitia autem non potest esse summum hominis
53
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diff changeset
4643 malum.</p><p title="I-II q. 39 a. 4 ad 2"><a name="35229"><span class="ref">[35229] Iª-IIae q. 39 a. 4 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
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diff changeset
4644 dicendum quod hoc ipsum quod est voluntatem repugnare malo, est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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diff changeset
4645 quoddam bonum. Et propter hoc, tristitia vel dolor non potest esse
53
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diff changeset
4646 summum malum, quia habet aliquam permixtionem boni.</p><p title="I-II q. 39 a. 4 ad 3"><a name="35230"><span class="ref">[35230] Iª-IIae q. 39 a. 4 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
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diff changeset
4647 dicendum quod peius est quod nocet meliori, quam quod nocet peiori.
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diff changeset
4648 Malum autem dicitur quia nocet, ut dicit Augustinus in Enchirid.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4649 Unde maius malum est quod est malum animae, quam quod est malum
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4650 corporis. Unde non est efficax, ratio, quam Augustinus inducit non
53
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4651 ex sensu suo sed ex sensu alterius.</p></div></div><div class="centro"><br/>
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4652 <p><a href="sth2022.html"><img alt="age retro" border="0" align="middle" height="19" width="19" src="icons/ageretro.gif"/></a>  
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4653 <a href="sth2040.html"><img alt="age ultra" border="0" align="middle" height="19" width="19" src="icons/ageultra.gif"/></a></p>
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4654 <br/>
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4655 <hr/>
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4656 <br/>
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4657 <address>© 2006 Fundación Tomás de Aquino quoad
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4658 hanc editionem<br/>
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4659 Iura omnia asservantur<br/>
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4660 OCLC nr. <a style="text-decoration=none" href="http://worldcatlibraries.org/wcpa/oclc/49644264">49644264</a></address>
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4661 </div></body>
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4662 </html>