annotate summa/latin/sth2026.html @ 28:544e12f679ad

convert to xml
author ht
date Tue, 24 Nov 2009 19:27:32 +0000
parents 4006eb4882de
children d777cc3962f2
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28
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1 <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN"
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2 "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
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3 <html lang="LA" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="LA">
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4 <head>
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5 <meta name="generator" content=
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6 "HTML Tidy for Windows (vers 1st February 2005), see www.w3.org" />
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7 <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content=
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8 "text/html; charset=us-ascii" />
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9 <meta http-equiv="Content-Style-Type" content="text/css" />
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10 <meta http-equiv="Content-Script-Type" content="text/javascript" />
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11 <meta name="keywords" content=
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12 "Thomas de Aquino, Summa Theologiae, Corpus Thomisticum" />
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13 <meta name="language" content="Latin" />
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14 <meta name="security" content="public" />
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15 <meta name="owner" content="ealarcon@unav.es" />
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16 <meta name="author" content="Enrique Alarc&oacute;n" />
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17 <meta name="abstract" content="" />
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18 <link rel="stylesheet" media="screen" href="vscreen.css" type=
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19 "text/css" />
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20 <link rel="stylesheet" media="print" href="vprint.css" type=
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21 "text/css" />
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22 <title>Thomas de Aquino, Summa Theologiae, I&ordf;-IIae q.
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23 26-39</title>
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24 </head>
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25 <body>
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26 <a href="http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/"></a>
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27 <div class="tres">CORPUS THOMISTICUM</div>
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28 <div class="uno">Sancti Thomae de Aquino</div>
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29 <div class="uno">Summa Theologiae</div>
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30 <div class="dos">prima pars secundae partis a quaestione XXVI ad
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31 XXXIX</div>
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32 <br />
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33 <div class="centro">
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34 <table align="center" summary="Imago">
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35 <tr>
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36 <th><img src="icons/fugit190.jpg" width="275" height="190" border=
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37 "0" alt=
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38 "Thomas de Aquino a Filippino Lippi depictus (Cappella Carafa, S. Maria sopra Minerva, Roma)"
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39 align="middle" /></th>
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40 </tr>
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41 </table>
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42 <br />
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43 <span class="tres">Textum Leoninum Romae 1891 editum<br />
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44 ac automato translatum a Roberto Busa SJ in taenias
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45 magneticas<br />
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46 denuo recognovit Enrique Alarc&oacute;n atque instruxit<br />
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47 <br /></span><br />
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48 <hr />
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49 <br />
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50 <p><a href="sth2022.html"><img src="icons/ageretro.gif" width="19"
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51 height="19" align="middle" border="0" alt="age retro" /></a> &nbsp;
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52 <a href="sth2040.html"><img src="icons/ageultra.gif" width="19"
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53 height="19" align="middle" border="0" alt="age ultra" /></a></p>
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54 <script language="JavaScript" type="text/javascript">
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55 //<![CDATA[
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56 <!--
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57 // original code by Bill Trefzger 12/12/96; revised by Enrique Alarcon 12/9/2000
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diff changeset
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diff changeset
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216 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#34783">I&ordf;-IIae q. 29 a. 5 arg. 2');
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diff changeset
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4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
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diff changeset
231 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#34798">I&ordf;-IIae q. 30 pr.');
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diff changeset
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diff changeset
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parents:
diff changeset
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parents:
diff changeset
238 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#34805">I&ordf;-IIae q. 30 a. 1 ad 2');
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parents:
diff changeset
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diff changeset
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diff changeset
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ht
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diff changeset
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ht
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diff changeset
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4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
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4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
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diff changeset
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4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
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ht
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diff changeset
250 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#34817">I&ordf;-IIae q. 30 a. 3 arg. 3');
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ht
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diff changeset
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ht
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diff changeset
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ht
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diff changeset
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ht
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diff changeset
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ht
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diff changeset
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ht
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diff changeset
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ht
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diff changeset
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ht
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diff changeset
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ht
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diff changeset
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ht
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diff changeset
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ht
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diff changeset
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ht
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diff changeset
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ht
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diff changeset
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ht
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diff changeset
264 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#34831">I&ordf;-IIae q. 31 pr.');
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ht
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diff changeset
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ht
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diff changeset
266 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#34833">I&ordf;-IIae q. 31 a. 1 arg. 2');
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ht
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diff changeset
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ht
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diff changeset
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ht
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diff changeset
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ht
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diff changeset
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ht
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diff changeset
271 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#34838">I&ordf;-IIae q. 31 a. 1 ad 2');
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ht
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diff changeset
272 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#34839">I&ordf;-IIae q. 31 a. 1 ad 3');
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ht
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diff changeset
273 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#34840">I&ordf;-IIae q. 31 a. 2 arg. 1');
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ht
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diff changeset
274 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#34841">I&ordf;-IIae q. 31 a. 2 arg. 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
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diff changeset
275 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#34842">I&ordf;-IIae q. 31 a. 2 arg. 3');
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ht
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diff changeset
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ht
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diff changeset
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ht
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diff changeset
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ht
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diff changeset
279 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#34846">I&ordf;-IIae q. 31 a. 2 ad 2');
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ht
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diff changeset
280 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#34847">I&ordf;-IIae q. 31 a. 2 ad 3');
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ht
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diff changeset
281 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#34848">I&ordf;-IIae q. 31 a. 3 arg. 1');
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ht
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diff changeset
282 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#34849">I&ordf;-IIae q. 31 a. 3 arg. 2');
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ht
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diff changeset
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ht
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diff changeset
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diff changeset
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diff changeset
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diff changeset
287 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#34854">I&ordf;-IIae q. 31 a. 3 ad 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
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diff changeset
288 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#34855">I&ordf;-IIae q. 31 a. 3 ad 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
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diff changeset
289 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#34856">I&ordf;-IIae q. 31 a. 4 arg. 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
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diff changeset
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4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
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diff changeset
291 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#34858">I&ordf;-IIae q. 31 a. 4 arg. 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
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diff changeset
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4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
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diff changeset
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diff changeset
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4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
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diff changeset
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4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
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diff changeset
296 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#34863">I&ordf;-IIae q. 31 a. 4 ad 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
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4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
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diff changeset
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4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
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diff changeset
299 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#34866">I&ordf;-IIae q. 31 a. 5 arg. 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
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diff changeset
300 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#34867">I&ordf;-IIae q. 31 a. 5 s. c.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
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diff changeset
301 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#34868">I&ordf;-IIae q. 31 a. 5 co.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
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diff changeset
302 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#34869">I&ordf;-IIae q. 31 a. 5 ad 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
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diff changeset
303 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#34870">I&ordf;-IIae q. 31 a. 5 ad 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
304 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#34871">I&ordf;-IIae q. 31 a. 5 ad 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
305 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#34872">I&ordf;-IIae q. 31 a. 6 arg. 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
306 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#34873">I&ordf;-IIae q. 31 a. 6 arg. 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
307 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#34874">I&ordf;-IIae q. 31 a. 6 arg. 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
308 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#34875">I&ordf;-IIae q. 31 a. 6 s. c.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
309 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#34876">I&ordf;-IIae q. 31 a. 6 co.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
310 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#34877">I&ordf;-IIae q. 31 a. 6 ad 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
311 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#34878">I&ordf;-IIae q. 31 a. 6 ad 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
312 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#34879">I&ordf;-IIae q. 31 a. 6 ad 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
313 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#34880">I&ordf;-IIae q. 31 a. 7 arg. 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
314 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#34881">I&ordf;-IIae q. 31 a. 7 arg. 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
315 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#34882">I&ordf;-IIae q. 31 a. 7 arg. 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
316 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#34883">I&ordf;-IIae q. 31 a. 7 s. c.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
317 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#34884">I&ordf;-IIae q. 31 a. 7 co.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
318 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#34885">I&ordf;-IIae q. 31 a. 7 ad');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
319 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#34886">I&ordf;-IIae q. 31 a. 8 arg. 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
320 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#34887">I&ordf;-IIae q. 31 a. 8 arg. 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
321 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#34888">I&ordf;-IIae q. 31 a. 8 arg. 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
322 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#34889">I&ordf;-IIae q. 31 a. 8 s. c.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
323 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#34890">I&ordf;-IIae q. 31 a. 8 co.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
324 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#34891">I&ordf;-IIae q. 31 a. 8 ad 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
325 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#34892">I&ordf;-IIae q. 31 a. 8 ad 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
326 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#34893">I&ordf;-IIae q. 31 a. 8 ad 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
327 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#34894">I&ordf;-IIae q. 32 pr.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
328 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#34895">I&ordf;-IIae q. 32 a. 1 arg. 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
329 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#34896">I&ordf;-IIae q. 32 a. 1 arg. 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
330 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#34897">I&ordf;-IIae q. 32 a. 1 arg. 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
331 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#34898">I&ordf;-IIae q. 32 a. 1 s. c.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
332 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#34899">I&ordf;-IIae q. 32 a. 1 co.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
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parents:
diff changeset
333 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#34900">I&ordf;-IIae q. 32 a. 1 ad 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
334 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#34901">I&ordf;-IIae q. 32 a. 1 ad 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
335 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#34902">I&ordf;-IIae q. 32 a. 1 ad 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
336 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#34903">I&ordf;-IIae q. 32 a. 2 arg. 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
337 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#34904">I&ordf;-IIae q. 32 a. 2 arg. 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
338 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#34905">I&ordf;-IIae q. 32 a. 2 arg. 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
339 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#34906">I&ordf;-IIae q. 32 a. 2 s. c.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
340 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#34907">I&ordf;-IIae q. 32 a. 2 co.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
341 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#34908">I&ordf;-IIae q. 32 a. 2 ad 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
342 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#34909">I&ordf;-IIae q. 32 a. 2 ad 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
343 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#34910">I&ordf;-IIae q. 32 a. 2 ad 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
344 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#34911">I&ordf;-IIae q. 32 a. 3 arg. 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
345 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#34912">I&ordf;-IIae q. 32 a. 3 arg. 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
346 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#34913">I&ordf;-IIae q. 32 a. 3 arg. 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
347 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#34914">I&ordf;-IIae q. 32 a. 3 s. c.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
348 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#34915">I&ordf;-IIae q. 32 a. 3 co.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
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parents:
diff changeset
349 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#34916">I&ordf;-IIae q. 32 a. 3 ad 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
350 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#34917">I&ordf;-IIae q. 32 a. 3 ad 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
351 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#34918">I&ordf;-IIae q. 32 a. 3 ad 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
352 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#34919">I&ordf;-IIae q. 32 a. 4 arg. 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
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parents:
diff changeset
353 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#34920">I&ordf;-IIae q. 32 a. 4 arg. 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
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parents:
diff changeset
354 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#34921">I&ordf;-IIae q. 32 a. 4 arg. 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
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parents:
diff changeset
355 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#34922">I&ordf;-IIae q. 32 a. 4 s. c.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
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parents:
diff changeset
356 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#34923">I&ordf;-IIae q. 32 a. 4 co.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
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parents:
diff changeset
357 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#34924">I&ordf;-IIae q. 32 a. 4 ad 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
358 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#34925">I&ordf;-IIae q. 32 a. 4 ad 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
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parents:
diff changeset
359 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#34926">I&ordf;-IIae q. 32 a. 4 ad 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
360 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#34927">I&ordf;-IIae q. 32 a. 5 arg. 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
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parents:
diff changeset
361 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#34928">I&ordf;-IIae q. 32 a. 5 arg. 2');
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ht
parents:
diff changeset
362 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#34929">I&ordf;-IIae q. 32 a. 5 arg. 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
363 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#34930">I&ordf;-IIae q. 32 a. 5 s. c.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
364 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#34931">I&ordf;-IIae q. 32 a. 5 co.');
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ht
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diff changeset
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ht
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diff changeset
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ht
parents:
diff changeset
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ht
parents:
diff changeset
368 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#34935">I&ordf;-IIae q. 32 a. 6 arg. 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
369 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#34936">I&ordf;-IIae q. 32 a. 6 arg. 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
370 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#34937">I&ordf;-IIae q. 32 a. 6 arg. 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
371 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#34938">I&ordf;-IIae q. 32 a. 6 s. c.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
372 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#34939">I&ordf;-IIae q. 32 a. 6 co.');
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ht
parents:
diff changeset
373 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#34940">I&ordf;-IIae q. 32 a. 6 ad 1');
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ht
parents:
diff changeset
374 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#34941">I&ordf;-IIae q. 32 a. 6 ad 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
375 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#34942">I&ordf;-IIae q. 32 a. 6 ad 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
376 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#34943">I&ordf;-IIae q. 32 a. 7 arg. 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
377 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#34944">I&ordf;-IIae q. 32 a. 7 arg. 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
378 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#34945">I&ordf;-IIae q. 32 a. 7 arg. 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
379 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#34946">I&ordf;-IIae q. 32 a. 7 s. c.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
380 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#34947">I&ordf;-IIae q. 32 a. 7 co.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
381 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#34948">I&ordf;-IIae q. 32 a. 7 ad 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
382 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#34949">I&ordf;-IIae q. 32 a. 7 ad 2');
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ht
parents:
diff changeset
383 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#34950">I&ordf;-IIae q. 32 a. 7 ad 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
384 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#34951">I&ordf;-IIae q. 32 a. 8 arg. 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
385 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#34952">I&ordf;-IIae q. 32 a. 8 arg. 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
386 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#34953">I&ordf;-IIae q. 32 a. 8 arg. 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
387 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#34954">I&ordf;-IIae q. 32 a. 8 s. c.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
388 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#34955">I&ordf;-IIae q. 32 a. 8 co.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
389 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#34956">I&ordf;-IIae q. 32 a. 8 ad 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
390 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#34957">I&ordf;-IIae q. 32 a. 8 ad 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
391 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#34958">I&ordf;-IIae q. 32 a. 8 ad 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
392 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#34959">I&ordf;-IIae q. 33 pr.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
393 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#34960">I&ordf;-IIae q. 33 a. 1 arg. 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
394 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#34961">I&ordf;-IIae q. 33 a. 1 arg. 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
395 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#34962">I&ordf;-IIae q. 33 a. 1 arg. 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
396 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#34963">I&ordf;-IIae q. 33 a. 1 s. c.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
397 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#34964">I&ordf;-IIae q. 33 a. 1 co.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
398 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#34965">I&ordf;-IIae q. 33 a. 1 ad 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
399 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#34966">I&ordf;-IIae q. 33 a. 1 ad 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
400 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#34967">I&ordf;-IIae q. 33 a. 1 ad 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
401 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#34968">I&ordf;-IIae q. 33 a. 2 arg. 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
402 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#34969">I&ordf;-IIae q. 33 a. 2 arg. 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
403 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#34970">I&ordf;-IIae q. 33 a. 2 arg. 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
404 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#34971">I&ordf;-IIae q. 33 a. 2 s. c.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
405 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#34972">I&ordf;-IIae q. 33 a. 2 co.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
406 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#34973">I&ordf;-IIae q. 33 a. 2 ad 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
407 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#34974">I&ordf;-IIae q. 33 a. 2 ad 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
408 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#34975">I&ordf;-IIae q. 33 a. 2 ad 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
409 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#34976">I&ordf;-IIae q. 33 a. 3 arg. 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
410 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#34977">I&ordf;-IIae q. 33 a. 3 arg. 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
411 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#34978">I&ordf;-IIae q. 33 a. 3 arg. 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
412 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#34979">I&ordf;-IIae q. 33 a. 3 s. c.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
413 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#34980">I&ordf;-IIae q. 33 a. 3 co.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
414 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#34981">I&ordf;-IIae q. 33 a. 3 ad 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
415 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#34982">I&ordf;-IIae q. 33 a. 3 ad 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
416 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#34983">I&ordf;-IIae q. 33 a. 3 ad 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
417 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#34984">I&ordf;-IIae q. 33 a. 4 arg. 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
418 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#34985">I&ordf;-IIae q. 33 a. 4 arg. 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
419 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#34986">I&ordf;-IIae q. 33 a. 4 arg. 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
420 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#34987">I&ordf;-IIae q. 33 a. 4 s. c.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
421 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#34988">I&ordf;-IIae q. 33 a. 4 co.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
422 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#34989">I&ordf;-IIae q. 33 a. 4 ad 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
423 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#34990">I&ordf;-IIae q. 33 a. 4 ad 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
424 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#34991">I&ordf;-IIae q. 33 a. 4 ad 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
425 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#34992">I&ordf;-IIae q. 34 pr.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
426 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#34993">I&ordf;-IIae q. 34 a. 1 arg. 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
427 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#34994">I&ordf;-IIae q. 34 a. 1 arg. 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
428 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#34995">I&ordf;-IIae q. 34 a. 1 arg. 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
429 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#34996">I&ordf;-IIae q. 34 a. 1 s. c.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
430 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#34997">I&ordf;-IIae q. 34 a. 1 co.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
431 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#34998">I&ordf;-IIae q. 34 a. 1 ad 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
432 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#34999">I&ordf;-IIae q. 34 a. 1 ad 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
433 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#35000">I&ordf;-IIae q. 34 a. 1 ad 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
434 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#35001">I&ordf;-IIae q. 34 a. 2 arg. 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
435 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#35002">I&ordf;-IIae q. 34 a. 2 arg. 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
436 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#35003">I&ordf;-IIae q. 34 a. 2 arg. 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
437 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#35004">I&ordf;-IIae q. 34 a. 2 s. c.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
438 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#35005">I&ordf;-IIae q. 34 a. 2 co.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
439 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#35006">I&ordf;-IIae q. 34 a. 2 ad 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
440 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#35007">I&ordf;-IIae q. 34 a. 2 ad 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
441 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#35008">I&ordf;-IIae q. 34 a. 2 ad 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
442 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#35009">I&ordf;-IIae q. 34 a. 3 arg. 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
443 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#35010">I&ordf;-IIae q. 34 a. 3 arg. 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
444 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#35011">I&ordf;-IIae q. 34 a. 3 arg. 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
445 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#35012">I&ordf;-IIae q. 34 a. 3 s. c.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
446 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#35013">I&ordf;-IIae q. 34 a. 3 co.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
447 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#35014">I&ordf;-IIae q. 34 a. 3 ad 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
448 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#35015">I&ordf;-IIae q. 34 a. 3 ad 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
449 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#35016">I&ordf;-IIae q. 34 a. 3 ad 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
450 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#35017">I&ordf;-IIae q. 34 a. 4 arg. 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
451 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#35018">I&ordf;-IIae q. 34 a. 4 arg. 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
452 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#35019">I&ordf;-IIae q. 34 a. 4 arg. 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
453 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#35020">I&ordf;-IIae q. 34 a. 4 s. c.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
454 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#35021">I&ordf;-IIae q. 34 a. 4 co.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
455 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#35022">I&ordf;-IIae q. 34 a. 4 ad 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
456 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#35023">I&ordf;-IIae q. 34 a. 4 ad 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
457 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#35024">I&ordf;-IIae q. 34 a. 4 ad 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
458 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#35025">I&ordf;-IIae q. 35 pr.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
459 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#35026">I&ordf;-IIae q. 35 a. 1 arg. 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
460 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#35027">I&ordf;-IIae q. 35 a. 1 arg. 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
461 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#35028">I&ordf;-IIae q. 35 a. 1 arg. 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
462 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#35029">I&ordf;-IIae q. 35 a. 1 s. c.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
463 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#35030">I&ordf;-IIae q. 35 a. 1 co.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
464 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#35031">I&ordf;-IIae q. 35 a. 1 ad 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
465 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#35032">I&ordf;-IIae q. 35 a. 1 ad 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
466 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#35033">I&ordf;-IIae q. 35 a. 1 ad 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
467 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#35034">I&ordf;-IIae q. 35 a. 2 arg. 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
468 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#35035">I&ordf;-IIae q. 35 a. 2 arg. 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
469 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#35036">I&ordf;-IIae q. 35 a. 2 arg. 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
470 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#35037">I&ordf;-IIae q. 35 a. 2 s. c.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
471 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#35038">I&ordf;-IIae q. 35 a. 2 co.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
472 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#35039">I&ordf;-IIae q. 35 a. 2 ad 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
473 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#35040">I&ordf;-IIae q. 35 a. 2 ad 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
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474 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#35041">I&ordf;-IIae q. 35 a. 2 ad 3');
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ht
parents:
diff changeset
475 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#35042">I&ordf;-IIae q. 35 a. 3 arg. 1');
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diff changeset
476 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#35043">I&ordf;-IIae q. 35 a. 3 arg. 2');
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4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
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diff changeset
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4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
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diff changeset
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ht
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diff changeset
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diff changeset
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ht
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diff changeset
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4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
483 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#35050">I&ordf;-IIae q. 35 a. 4 arg. 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
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diff changeset
484 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#35051">I&ordf;-IIae q. 35 a. 4 arg. 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
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diff changeset
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4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
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parents:
diff changeset
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4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
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diff changeset
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ht
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diff changeset
489 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#35056">I&ordf;-IIae q. 35 a. 4 ad 2');
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ht
parents:
diff changeset
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4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
491 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#35058">I&ordf;-IIae q. 35 a. 5 arg. 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
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parents:
diff changeset
492 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#35059">I&ordf;-IIae q. 35 a. 5 arg. 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
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4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
494 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#35061">I&ordf;-IIae q. 35 a. 5 arg. 4');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
495 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#35062">I&ordf;-IIae q. 35 a. 5 arg. 5');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
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parents:
diff changeset
496 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#35063">I&ordf;-IIae q. 35 a. 5 s. c.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
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diff changeset
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4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
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parents:
diff changeset
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4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
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4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
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parents:
diff changeset
500 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#35067">I&ordf;-IIae q. 35 a. 5 ad 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
501 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#35068">I&ordf;-IIae q. 35 a. 5 ad 4');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
502 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#35069">I&ordf;-IIae q. 35 a. 5 ad 5');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
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parents:
diff changeset
503 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#35070">I&ordf;-IIae q. 35 a. 6 arg. 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
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parents:
diff changeset
504 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#35071">I&ordf;-IIae q. 35 a. 6 arg. 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
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parents:
diff changeset
505 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#35072">I&ordf;-IIae q. 35 a. 6 arg. 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
506 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#35073">I&ordf;-IIae q. 35 a. 6 s. c.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
507 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#35074">I&ordf;-IIae q. 35 a. 6 co.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
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parents:
diff changeset
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4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
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parents:
diff changeset
509 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#35076">I&ordf;-IIae q. 35 a. 6 ad 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
510 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#35077">I&ordf;-IIae q. 35 a. 6 ad 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
511 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#35078">I&ordf;-IIae q. 35 a. 7 arg. 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
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parents:
diff changeset
512 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#35079">I&ordf;-IIae q. 35 a. 7 arg. 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
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parents:
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513 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#35080">I&ordf;-IIae q. 35 a. 7 arg. 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
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parents:
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514 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#35081">I&ordf;-IIae q. 35 a. 7 s. c.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
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parents:
diff changeset
515 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#35082">I&ordf;-IIae q. 35 a. 7 co.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
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parents:
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4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
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4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
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parents:
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518 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#35085">I&ordf;-IIae q. 35 a. 7 ad 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
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parents:
diff changeset
519 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#35086">I&ordf;-IIae q. 35 a. 8 arg. 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
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parents:
diff changeset
520 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#35087">I&ordf;-IIae q. 35 a. 8 arg. 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
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parents:
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521 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#35088">I&ordf;-IIae q. 35 a. 8 arg. 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
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parents:
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4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
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diff changeset
523 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#35090">I&ordf;-IIae q. 35 a. 8 co.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
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4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
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parents:
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525 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#35092">I&ordf;-IIae q. 35 a. 8 ad 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
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parents:
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526 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#35093">I&ordf;-IIae q. 35 a. 8 ad 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
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parents:
diff changeset
527 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#35094">I&ordf;-IIae q. 36 pr.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
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parents:
diff changeset
528 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#35095">I&ordf;-IIae q. 36 a. 1 arg. 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
529 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#35096">I&ordf;-IIae q. 36 a. 1 arg. 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
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parents:
diff changeset
530 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#35097">I&ordf;-IIae q. 36 a. 1 arg. 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
531 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#35098">I&ordf;-IIae q. 36 a. 1 s. c.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
532 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#35099">I&ordf;-IIae q. 36 a. 1 co.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
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parents:
diff changeset
533 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#35100">I&ordf;-IIae q. 36 a. 1 ad 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
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parents:
diff changeset
534 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#35101">I&ordf;-IIae q. 36 a. 1 ad 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
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parents:
diff changeset
535 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#35102">I&ordf;-IIae q. 36 a. 1 ad 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
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parents:
diff changeset
536 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#35103">I&ordf;-IIae q. 36 a. 2 arg. 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
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parents:
diff changeset
537 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#35104">I&ordf;-IIae q. 36 a. 2 arg. 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
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parents:
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538 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#35105">I&ordf;-IIae q. 36 a. 2 arg. 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
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parents:
diff changeset
539 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#35106">I&ordf;-IIae q. 36 a. 2 s. c.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
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parents:
diff changeset
540 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#35107">I&ordf;-IIae q. 36 a. 2 co.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
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parents:
diff changeset
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4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
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parents:
diff changeset
542 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#35109">I&ordf;-IIae q. 36 a. 2 ad 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
543 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#35110">I&ordf;-IIae q. 36 a. 2 ad 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
544 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#35111">I&ordf;-IIae q. 36 a. 3 arg. 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
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parents:
diff changeset
545 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#35112">I&ordf;-IIae q. 36 a. 3 arg. 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
546 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#35113">I&ordf;-IIae q. 36 a. 3 arg. 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
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parents:
diff changeset
547 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#35114">I&ordf;-IIae q. 36 a. 3 s. c.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
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parents:
diff changeset
548 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#35115">I&ordf;-IIae q. 36 a. 3 co.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
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parents:
diff changeset
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4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
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parents:
diff changeset
550 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#35117">I&ordf;-IIae q. 36 a. 3 ad 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
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parents:
diff changeset
551 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#35118">I&ordf;-IIae q. 36 a. 3 ad 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
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parents:
diff changeset
552 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#35119">I&ordf;-IIae q. 36 a. 4 arg. 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
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parents:
diff changeset
553 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#35120">I&ordf;-IIae q. 36 a. 4 arg. 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
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parents:
diff changeset
554 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#35121">I&ordf;-IIae q. 36 a. 4 arg. 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
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parents:
diff changeset
555 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#35122">I&ordf;-IIae q. 36 a. 4 s. c.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
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parents:
diff changeset
556 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#35123">I&ordf;-IIae q. 36 a. 4 co.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
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parents:
diff changeset
557 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#35124">I&ordf;-IIae q. 36 a. 4 ad 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
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parents:
diff changeset
558 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#35125">I&ordf;-IIae q. 36 a. 4 ad 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
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parents:
diff changeset
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4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
560 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#35127">I&ordf;-IIae q. 37 pr.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
561 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#35128">I&ordf;-IIae q. 37 a. 1 arg. 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
562 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#35129">I&ordf;-IIae q. 37 a. 1 arg. 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
563 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#35130">I&ordf;-IIae q. 37 a. 1 arg. 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
564 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#35131">I&ordf;-IIae q. 37 a. 1 s. c.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
565 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#35132">I&ordf;-IIae q. 37 a. 1 co.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
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4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
567 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#35134">I&ordf;-IIae q. 37 a. 1 ad 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
568 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#35135">I&ordf;-IIae q. 37 a. 1 ad 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
569 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#35136">I&ordf;-IIae q. 37 a. 2 arg. 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
570 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#35137">I&ordf;-IIae q. 37 a. 2 arg. 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
571 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#35138">I&ordf;-IIae q. 37 a. 2 arg. 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
572 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#35139">I&ordf;-IIae q. 37 a. 2 s. c.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
573 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#35140">I&ordf;-IIae q. 37 a. 2 co.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
574 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#35141">I&ordf;-IIae q. 37 a. 2 ad 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
575 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#35142">I&ordf;-IIae q. 37 a. 2 ad 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
576 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#35143">I&ordf;-IIae q. 37 a. 2 ad 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
577 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#35144">I&ordf;-IIae q. 37 a. 3 arg. 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
578 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#35145">I&ordf;-IIae q. 37 a. 3 arg. 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
579 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#35146">I&ordf;-IIae q. 37 a. 3 arg. 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
580 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#35147">I&ordf;-IIae q. 37 a. 3 s. c.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
581 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#35148">I&ordf;-IIae q. 37 a. 3 co.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
582 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#35149">I&ordf;-IIae q. 37 a. 3 ad');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
583 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#35150">I&ordf;-IIae q. 37 a. 4 arg. 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
584 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#35151">I&ordf;-IIae q. 37 a. 4 arg. 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
585 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#35152">I&ordf;-IIae q. 37 a. 4 arg. 3');
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parents:
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586 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#35153">I&ordf;-IIae q. 37 a. 4 s. c.');
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parents:
diff changeset
587 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#35154">I&ordf;-IIae q. 37 a. 4 co.');
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parents:
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588 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#35155">I&ordf;-IIae q. 37 a. 4 ad 1');
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parents:
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589 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#35156">I&ordf;-IIae q. 37 a. 4 ad 2');
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parents:
diff changeset
590 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#35157">I&ordf;-IIae q. 37 a. 4 ad 3');
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parents:
diff changeset
591 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#35158">I&ordf;-IIae q. 38 pr.');
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parents:
diff changeset
592 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#35159">I&ordf;-IIae q. 38 a. 1 arg. 1');
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parents:
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593 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#35160">I&ordf;-IIae q. 38 a. 1 arg. 2');
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parents:
diff changeset
594 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#35161">I&ordf;-IIae q. 38 a. 1 arg. 3');
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parents:
diff changeset
595 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#35162">I&ordf;-IIae q. 38 a. 1 s. c.');
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parents:
diff changeset
596 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#35163">I&ordf;-IIae q. 38 a. 1 co.');
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parents:
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597 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#35164">I&ordf;-IIae q. 38 a. 1 ad 1');
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parents:
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598 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#35165">I&ordf;-IIae q. 38 a. 1 ad 2');
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parents:
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599 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#35166">I&ordf;-IIae q. 38 a. 1 ad 3');
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parents:
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600 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#35167">I&ordf;-IIae q. 38 a. 2 arg. 1');
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parents:
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601 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#35168">I&ordf;-IIae q. 38 a. 2 arg. 2');
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602 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#35169">I&ordf;-IIae q. 38 a. 2 arg. 3');
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parents:
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603 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#35170">I&ordf;-IIae q. 38 a. 2 s. c.');
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604 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#35171">I&ordf;-IIae q. 38 a. 2 co.');
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parents:
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605 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#35172">I&ordf;-IIae q. 38 a. 2 ad 1');
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parents:
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606 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#35173">I&ordf;-IIae q. 38 a. 2 ad 2');
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parents:
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607 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#35174">I&ordf;-IIae q. 38 a. 2 ad 3');
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parents:
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608 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#35175">I&ordf;-IIae q. 38 a. 3 arg. 1');
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parents:
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609 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#35176">I&ordf;-IIae q. 38 a. 3 arg. 2');
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parents:
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610 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#35177">I&ordf;-IIae q. 38 a. 3 arg. 3');
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611 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#35178">I&ordf;-IIae q. 38 a. 3 s. c.');
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612 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#35179">I&ordf;-IIae q. 38 a. 3 co.');
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613 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#35180">I&ordf;-IIae q. 38 a. 3 ad 1');
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parents:
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614 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#35181">I&ordf;-IIae q. 38 a. 3 ad 2');
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615 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#35182">I&ordf;-IIae q. 38 a. 3 ad 3');
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616 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#35183">I&ordf;-IIae q. 38 a. 4 arg. 1');
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617 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#35184">I&ordf;-IIae q. 38 a. 4 arg. 2');
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618 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#35185">I&ordf;-IIae q. 38 a. 4 arg. 3');
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619 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#35186">I&ordf;-IIae q. 38 a. 4 s. c.');
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620 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#35187">I&ordf;-IIae q. 38 a. 4 co.');
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parents:
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621 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#35188">I&ordf;-IIae q. 38 a. 4 ad 1');
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622 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#35189">I&ordf;-IIae q. 38 a. 4 ad 2');
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623 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#35190">I&ordf;-IIae q. 38 a. 4 ad 3');
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624 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#35191">I&ordf;-IIae q. 38 a. 5 arg. 1');
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625 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#35192">I&ordf;-IIae q. 38 a. 5 arg. 2');
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parents:
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626 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#35193">I&ordf;-IIae q. 38 a. 5 arg. 3');
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627 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#35194">I&ordf;-IIae q. 38 a. 5 s. c.');
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628 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#35195">I&ordf;-IIae q. 38 a. 5 co.');
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parents:
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629 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#35196">I&ordf;-IIae q. 38 a. 5 ad 1');
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parents:
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630 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#35197">I&ordf;-IIae q. 38 a. 5 ad 2');
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ht
parents:
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631 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#35198">I&ordf;-IIae q. 38 a. 5 ad 3');
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parents:
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632 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#35199">I&ordf;-IIae q. 39 pr.');
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parents:
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633 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#35200">I&ordf;-IIae q. 39 a. 1 arg. 1');
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parents:
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634 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#35201">I&ordf;-IIae q. 39 a. 1 arg. 2');
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parents:
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635 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#35202">I&ordf;-IIae q. 39 a. 1 arg. 3');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
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parents:
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636 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#35203">I&ordf;-IIae q. 39 a. 1 s. c.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
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parents:
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637 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#35204">I&ordf;-IIae q. 39 a. 1 co.');
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parents:
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638 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#35205">I&ordf;-IIae q. 39 a. 1 ad 1');
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parents:
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639 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#35206">I&ordf;-IIae q. 39 a. 1 ad 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
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parents:
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640 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#35207">I&ordf;-IIae q. 39 a. 2 arg. 1');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
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641 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#35208">I&ordf;-IIae q. 39 a. 2 arg. 2');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
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parents:
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642 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#35209">I&ordf;-IIae q. 39 a. 2 arg. 3');
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parents:
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643 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#35210">I&ordf;-IIae q. 39 a. 2 s. c.');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
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644 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#35211">I&ordf;-IIae q. 39 a. 2 co.');
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parents:
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645 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#35212">I&ordf;-IIae q. 39 a. 2 ad 1');
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parents:
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646 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#35213">I&ordf;-IIae q. 39 a. 2 ad 2');
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parents:
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647 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#35214">I&ordf;-IIae q. 39 a. 2 ad 3');
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648 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#35215">I&ordf;-IIae q. 39 a. 3 arg. 1');
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parents:
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649 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#35216">I&ordf;-IIae q. 39 a. 3 arg. 2');
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parents:
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650 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#35217">I&ordf;-IIae q. 39 a. 3 arg. 3');
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parents:
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651 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#35218">I&ordf;-IIae q. 39 a. 3 s. c.');
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parents:
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652 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#35219">I&ordf;-IIae q. 39 a. 3 co.');
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parents:
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653 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#35220">I&ordf;-IIae q. 39 a. 3 ad 1');
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parents:
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654 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#35221">I&ordf;-IIae q. 39 a. 3 ad 2');
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parents:
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655 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#35222">I&ordf;-IIae q. 39 a. 3 ad 3');
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parents:
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656 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#35223">I&ordf;-IIae q. 39 a. 4 arg. 1');
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parents:
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657 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#35224">I&ordf;-IIae q. 39 a. 4 arg. 2');
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parents:
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658 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#35225">I&ordf;-IIae q. 39 a. 4 arg. 3');
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parents:
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659 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#35226">I&ordf;-IIae q. 39 a. 4 s. c.');
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660 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#35227">I&ordf;-IIae q. 39 a. 4 co.');
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661 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#35228">I&ordf;-IIae q. 39 a. 4 ad 1');
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parents:
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662 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#35229">I&ordf;-IIae q. 39 a. 4 ad 2');
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663 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#35230">I&ordf;-IIae q. 39 a. 4 ad 3');
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diff changeset
664 document.write('<\/SELECT>');
26
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parents:
diff changeset
665 document.write('<BR><BR>');
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
ht
parents:
diff changeset
666 document.write('<INPUT TYPE="button" VALUE="Agedum" ONCLICK="go()">');
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
667 document.write('<\/FORM>');
26
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html
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668 // -->
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diff changeset
669 //]]>
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diff changeset
670 </script><br />
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diff changeset
671 <hr />
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parents: 26
diff changeset
672 <br /></div>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
673 <div class="D">Quaestio 26</div>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
674 <div class="G">Prooemium</div>
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diff changeset
675 <p title="I-II q. 26 pr."><a name="34633"><span class="ref">[34633]
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diff changeset
676 I&ordf;-IIae q. 26 pr.</span></a> Consequenter considerandum est de
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diff changeset
677 passionibus animae in speciali. Et primo, de passionibus
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diff changeset
678 concupiscibilis; secundo, de passionibus irascibilis. Prima
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diff changeset
679 consideratio erit tripartita, nam primo considerabimus de amore et
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diff changeset
680 odio; secundo, de concupiscentia et fuga tertio, de delectatione et
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diff changeset
681 tristitia. Circa amorem consideranda sunt tria, primo, de ipso
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diff changeset
682 amore; secundo, de causa amoris; tertio, de effectibus eius. Circa
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diff changeset
683 primum quaeruntur quatuor. Primo, utrum amor sit in concupiscibili.
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diff changeset
684 Secundo, utrum amor sit passio. Tertio, utrum amor sit idem quod
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diff changeset
685 dilectio. Quarto, utrum amor convenienter dividatur in amorem
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diff changeset
686 amicitiae et amorem concupiscentiae.</p>
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diff changeset
687 <br />
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parents: 26
diff changeset
688 <div class="E">Articulus 1</div>
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diff changeset
689 <p title="I-II q. 26 a. 1 arg. 1"><a name="34634"><span class=
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diff changeset
690 "ref">[34634] I&ordf;-IIae q. 26 a. 1 arg. 1</span></a> Ad primum
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diff changeset
691 sic proceditur. Videtur quod amor non sit in concupiscibili.
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diff changeset
692 Dicitur enim Sap. VIII, hanc, scilicet sapientiam, amavi et
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parents: 26
diff changeset
693 exquisivi a iuventute mea. Sed concupiscibilis, cum sit pars
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parents: 26
diff changeset
694 appetitus sensitivi, non potest tendere in sapientiam, quae non
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parents: 26
diff changeset
695 comprehenditur sensu. Ergo amor non est in concupiscibili.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
696 <p title="I-II q. 26 a. 1 arg. 2"><a name="34635"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
697 "ref">[34635] I&ordf;-IIae q. 26 a. 1 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
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diff changeset
698 amor videtur esse idem cuilibet passioni, dicit enim Augustinus, in
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parents: 26
diff changeset
699 XIV de Civ. Dei, <i>amor inhians habere quod amatur, cupiditas est;
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parents: 26
diff changeset
700 id autem habens, eoque fruens, laetitia; fugiens quod ei
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parents: 26
diff changeset
701 adversatur, timor est; idque si acciderit sentiens, tristitia
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parents: 26
diff changeset
702 est</i>. Sed non omnis passio est in concupiscibili; sed timor,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
703 etiam hic enumeratus, est in irascibili. Ergo non est simpliciter
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parents: 26
diff changeset
704 dicendum quod amor sit in concupiscibili.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
705 <p title="I-II q. 26 a. 1 arg. 3"><a name="34636"><span class=
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diff changeset
706 "ref">[34636] I&ordf;-IIae q. 26 a. 1 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
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diff changeset
707 Dionysius, in IV cap. de Div. Nom., ponit quendam amorem naturalem.
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diff changeset
708 Sed amor naturalis magis videtur pertinere ad vires naturales, quae
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diff changeset
709 sunt animae vegetabilis. Ergo amor non simpliciter est in
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diff changeset
710 concupiscibili.</p>
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diff changeset
711 <p title="I-II q. 26 a. 1 s. c."><a name="34637"><span class=
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diff changeset
712 "ref">[34637] I&ordf;-IIae q. 26 a. 1 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
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diff changeset
713 est quod philosophus dicit, in II Topic., quod amor est in
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diff changeset
714 concupiscibili.</p>
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diff changeset
715 <p title="I-II q. 26 a. 1 co."><a name="34638"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
716 "ref">[34638] I&ordf;-IIae q. 26 a. 1 co.</span></a> Respondeo
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parents: 26
diff changeset
717 dicendum quod amor est aliquid ad appetitum pertinens, cum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
718 utriusque obiectum sit bonum. Unde secundum differentiam appetitus
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parents: 26
diff changeset
719 est differentia amoris. Est enim quidam appetitus non consequens
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parents: 26
diff changeset
720 apprehensionem ipsius appetentis, sed alterius, et huiusmodi
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parents: 26
diff changeset
721 dicitur appetitus naturalis. Res enim naturales appetunt quod eis
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parents: 26
diff changeset
722 convenit secundum suam naturam, non per apprehensionem propriam,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
723 sed per apprehensionem instituentis naturam, ut in I libro dictum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
724 est. Alius autem est appetitus consequens apprehensionem ipsius
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parents: 26
diff changeset
725 appetentis, sed ex necessitate, non ex iudicio libero. Et talis est
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parents: 26
diff changeset
726 appetitus sensitivus in brutis, qui tamen in hominibus aliquid
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parents: 26
diff changeset
727 libertatis participat, inquantum obedit rationi. Alius autem est
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parents: 26
diff changeset
728 appetitus consequens apprehensionem appetentis secundum liberum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
729 iudicium. Et talis est appetitus rationalis sive intellectivus, qui
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parents: 26
diff changeset
730 dicitur voluntas. In unoquoque autem horum appetituum, amor dicitur
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parents: 26
diff changeset
731 illud quod est principium motus tendentis in finem amatum. In
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parents: 26
diff changeset
732 appetitu autem naturali, principium huiusmodi motus est
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parents: 26
diff changeset
733 connaturalitas appetentis ad id in quod tendit, quae dici potest
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parents: 26
diff changeset
734 amor naturalis, sicut ipsa connaturalitas corporis gravis ad locum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
735 medium est per gravitatem, et potest dici amor naturalis. Et
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parents: 26
diff changeset
736 similiter coaptatio appetitus sensitivi, vel voluntatis, ad aliquod
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parents: 26
diff changeset
737 bonum, idest ipsa complacentia boni, dicitur amor sensitivus, vel
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parents: 26
diff changeset
738 intellectivus seu rationalis. Amor igitur sensitivus est in
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parents: 26
diff changeset
739 appetitu sensitivo, sicut amor intellectivus in appetitu
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parents: 26
diff changeset
740 intellectivo. Et pertinet ad concupiscibilem, quia dicitur per
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parents: 26
diff changeset
741 respectum ad bonum absolute, non per respectum ad arduum, quod est
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parents: 26
diff changeset
742 obiectum irascibilis.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
743 <p title="I-II q. 26 a. 1 ad 1"><a name="34639"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
744 "ref">[34639] I&ordf;-IIae q. 26 a. 1 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
745 ergo dicendum quod auctoritas illa loquitur de amore intellectivo
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parents: 26
diff changeset
746 vel rationali.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
747 <p title="I-II q. 26 a. 1 ad 2"><a name="34640"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
748 "ref">[34640] I&ordf;-IIae q. 26 a. 1 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
749 dicendum quod amor dicitur esse timor, gaudium, cupiditas et
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parents: 26
diff changeset
750 tristitia, non quidem essentialiter, sed causaliter.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
751 <p title="I-II q. 26 a. 1 ad 3"><a name="34641"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
752 "ref">[34641] I&ordf;-IIae q. 26 a. 1 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
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parents: 26
diff changeset
753 dicendum quod amor naturalis non solum est in viribus animae
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parents: 26
diff changeset
754 vegetativae, sed in omnibus potentiis animae, et etiam in omnibus
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parents: 26
diff changeset
755 partibus corporis, et universaliter in omnibus rebus, quia, ut
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parents: 26
diff changeset
756 Dionysius dicit, IV cap. de Div. Nom., <i>omnibus est pulchrum et
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parents: 26
diff changeset
757 bonum amabile</i>; cum unaquaeque res habeat connaturalitatem ad id
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parents: 26
diff changeset
758 quod est sibi conveniens secundum suam naturam.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
759 <br />
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parents: 26
diff changeset
760 <div class="E">Articulus 2</div>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
761 <p title="I-II q. 26 a. 2 arg. 1"><a name="34642"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
762 "ref">[34642] I&ordf;-IIae q. 26 a. 2 arg. 1</span></a> Ad secundum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
763 sic proceditur. Videtur quod amor non sit passio. Nulla enim virtus
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parents: 26
diff changeset
764 passio est. Sed omnis amor est virtus quaedam, ut dicit Dionysius,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
765 IV cap. de Div. Nom. Ergo amor non est passio.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
766 <p title="I-II q. 26 a. 2 arg. 2"><a name="34643"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
767 "ref">[34643] I&ordf;-IIae q. 26 a. 2 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
768 amor est unio quaedam vel nexus, secundum Augustinum, in libro de
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parents: 26
diff changeset
769 Trin. Sed unio vel nexus non est passio, sed magis relatio. Ergo
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parents: 26
diff changeset
770 amor non est passio.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
771 <p title="I-II q. 26 a. 2 arg. 3"><a name="34644"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
772 "ref">[34644] I&ordf;-IIae q. 26 a. 2 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
773 Damascenus dicit, in II libro, quod passio est motus quidam. Amor
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parents: 26
diff changeset
774 autem non importat motum appetitus, qui est desiderium; sed
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parents: 26
diff changeset
775 principium huiusmodi motus. Ergo amor non est passio.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
776 <p title="I-II q. 26 a. 2 s. c."><a name="34645"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
777 "ref">[34645] I&ordf;-IIae q. 26 a. 2 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
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parents: 26
diff changeset
778 est quod philosophus dicit, in VIII Ethic., quod amor est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
779 passio.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
780 <p title="I-II q. 26 a. 2 co."><a name="34646"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
781 "ref">[34646] I&ordf;-IIae q. 26 a. 2 co.</span></a> Respondeo
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parents: 26
diff changeset
782 dicendum quod passio est effectus agentis in patiente. Agens autem
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parents: 26
diff changeset
783 naturale duplicem effectum inducit in patiens, nam primo quidem dat
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parents: 26
diff changeset
784 formam, secundo autem dat motum consequentem formam; sicut generans
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parents: 26
diff changeset
785 dat corpori gravitatem, et motum consequentem ipsam. Et ipsa
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parents: 26
diff changeset
786 gravitas, quae est principium motus ad locum connaturalem propter
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parents: 26
diff changeset
787 gravitatem, potest quodammodo dici amor naturalis. Sic etiam ipsum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
788 appetibile dat appetitui, primo quidem, quandam coaptationem ad
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parents: 26
diff changeset
789 ipsum, quae est complacentia appetibilis; ex qua sequitur motus ad
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parents: 26
diff changeset
790 appetibile. Nam appetitivus motus circulo agitur, ut dicitur in III
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parents: 26
diff changeset
791 de anima, appetibile enim movet appetitum, faciens se quodammodo in
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parents: 26
diff changeset
792 eius intentione; et appetitus tendit in appetibile realiter
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parents: 26
diff changeset
793 consequendum, ut sit ibi finis motus, ubi fuit principium. Prima
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parents: 26
diff changeset
794 ergo immutatio appetitus ab appetibili vocatur amor, qui nihil est
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parents: 26
diff changeset
795 aliud quam complacentia appetibilis; et ex hac complacentia
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parents: 26
diff changeset
796 sequitur motus in appetibile, qui est desiderium; et ultimo quies,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
797 quae est gaudium. Sic ergo, cum amor consistat in quadam
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parents: 26
diff changeset
798 immutatione appetitus ab appetibili, manifestum est quod amor et
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parents: 26
diff changeset
799 passio, proprie quidem, secundum quod est in concupiscibili;
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parents: 26
diff changeset
800 communiter autem, et extenso nomine, secundum quod est in
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parents: 26
diff changeset
801 voluntate.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
802 <p title="I-II q. 26 a. 2 ad 1"><a name="34647"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
803 "ref">[34647] I&ordf;-IIae q. 26 a. 2 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
804 ergo dicendum quod, quia virtus significat principium motus vel
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parents: 26
diff changeset
805 actionis, ideo amor, inquantum est principium appetitivi motus, a
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parents: 26
diff changeset
806 Dionysio vocatur virtus.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
807 <p title="I-II q. 26 a. 2 ad 2"><a name="34648"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
808 "ref">[34648] I&ordf;-IIae q. 26 a. 2 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
809 dicendum quod unio pertinet ad amorem, inquantum per complacentiam
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parents: 26
diff changeset
810 appetitus amans se habet ad id quod amat, sicut ad seipsum, vel ad
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parents: 26
diff changeset
811 aliquid sui. Et sic patet quod amor non est ipsa relatio unionis,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
812 sed unio est consequens amorem. Unde et Dionysius dicit quod amor
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parents: 26
diff changeset
813 est virtus unitiva, et philosophus dicit, in II Polit., quod unio
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parents: 26
diff changeset
814 est opus amoris.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
815 <p title="I-II q. 26 a. 2 ad 3"><a name="34649"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
816 "ref">[34649] I&ordf;-IIae q. 26 a. 2 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
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parents: 26
diff changeset
817 dicendum quod amor, etsi non nominet motum appetitus tendentem in
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parents: 26
diff changeset
818 appetibile, nominat tamen motum appetitus quo immutatur ab
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parents: 26
diff changeset
819 appetibili, ut ei appetibile complaceat.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
820 <br />
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parents: 26
diff changeset
821 <div class="E">Articulus 3</div>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
822 <p title="I-II q. 26 a. 3 arg. 1"><a name="34650"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
823 "ref">[34650] I&ordf;-IIae q. 26 a. 3 arg. 1</span></a> Ad tertium
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parents: 26
diff changeset
824 sic proceditur. Videtur quod amor sit idem quod dilectio. Dionysius
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parents: 26
diff changeset
825 enim, IV cap. de Div. Nom., dicit quod hoc modo se habent amor et
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parents: 26
diff changeset
826 dilectio, <i>sicut quatuor et bis duo, rectilineum et habens rectas
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parents: 26
diff changeset
827 lineas</i>. Sed ista significant idem. Ergo amor et dilectio
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parents: 26
diff changeset
828 significant idem.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
829 <p title="I-II q. 26 a. 3 arg. 2"><a name="34651"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
830 "ref">[34651] I&ordf;-IIae q. 26 a. 3 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
831 appetitivi motus secundum obiecta differunt. Sed idem est obiectum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
832 dilectionis et amoris. Ergo sunt idem.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
833 <p title="I-II q. 26 a. 3 arg. 3"><a name="34652"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
834 "ref">[34652] I&ordf;-IIae q. 26 a. 3 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
835 si dilectio et amor in aliquo differunt, maxime in hoc differre
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parents: 26
diff changeset
836 videntur, quod dilectio sit in bono accipienda, amor autem in malo,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
837 ut quidam dixerunt, secundum quod Augustinus narrat, in XIV de Civ.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
838 Dei. Sed hoc modo non differunt, quia, ut ibidem Augustinus dicit,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
839 in sacris Scripturis utrumque accipitur in bono et in malo. Ergo
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parents: 26
diff changeset
840 amor et dilectio non differunt; sicut ipse Augustinus ibidem
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parents: 26
diff changeset
841 concludit quod <i>non est aliud amorem dicere, et aliud dilectionem
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parents: 26
diff changeset
842 dicere</i>.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
843 <p title="I-II q. 26 a. 3 s. c."><a name="34653"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
844 "ref">[34653] I&ordf;-IIae q. 26 a. 3 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
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parents: 26
diff changeset
845 est quod Dionysius dicit, IV cap. de Div. Nom., quod <i>quibusdam
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parents: 26
diff changeset
846 sanctorum visum est divinius esse nomen amoris quam nomen
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parents: 26
diff changeset
847 dilectionis</i>.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
848 <p title="I-II q. 26 a. 3 co."><a name="34654"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
849 "ref">[34654] I&ordf;-IIae q. 26 a. 3 co.</span></a> Respondeo
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parents: 26
diff changeset
850 dicendum quod quatuor nomina inveniuntur ad idem quodammodo
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parents: 26
diff changeset
851 pertinentia, scilicet amor, dilectio, caritas et amicitia.
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diff changeset
852 Differunt tamen in hoc, quod amicitia, secundum philosophum in VIII
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parents: 26
diff changeset
853 Ethic., est quasi habitus; amor autem et dilectio significantur per
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parents: 26
diff changeset
854 modum actus vel passionis; caritas autem utroque modo accipi
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parents: 26
diff changeset
855 potest. Differenter tamen significatur actus per ista tria. Nam
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parents: 26
diff changeset
856 amor communius est inter ea, omnis enim dilectio vel caritas est
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parents: 26
diff changeset
857 amor, sed non e converso. Addit enim dilectio supra amorem,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
858 electionem praecedentem, ut ipsum nomen sonat. Unde dilectio non
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parents: 26
diff changeset
859 est in concupiscibili, sed in voluntate tantum, et est in sola
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parents: 26
diff changeset
860 rationali natura. Caritas autem addit supra amorem, perfectionem
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parents: 26
diff changeset
861 quandam amoris, inquantum id quod amatur magni pretii aestimatur,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
862 ut ipsum nomen designat.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
863 <p title="I-II q. 26 a. 3 ad 1"><a name="34655"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
864 "ref">[34655] I&ordf;-IIae q. 26 a. 3 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
865 ergo dicendum quod Dionysius loquitur de amore et dilectione,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
866 secundum quod sunt in appetitu intellectivo, sic enim amor idem est
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diff changeset
867 quod dilectio.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
868 <p title="I-II q. 26 a. 3 ad 2"><a name="34656"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
869 "ref">[34656] I&ordf;-IIae q. 26 a. 3 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
870 dicendum quod obiectum amoris est communius quam obiectum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
871 dilectionis, quia ad plura se extendit amor quam dilectio, sicut
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parents: 26
diff changeset
872 dictum est.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
873 <p title="I-II q. 26 a. 3 ad 3"><a name="34657"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
874 "ref">[34657] I&ordf;-IIae q. 26 a. 3 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
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parents: 26
diff changeset
875 dicendum quod non differunt amor et dilectio secundum differentiam
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parents: 26
diff changeset
876 boni et mali, sed sicut dictum est. In parte tamen intellectiva
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parents: 26
diff changeset
877 idem est amor et dilectio. Et sic loquitur ibi Augustinus de amore,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
878 unde parum post subdit quod <i>recta voluntas est bonus amor, et
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parents: 26
diff changeset
879 perversa voluntas est malus amor</i>. Quia tamen amor, qui est
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parents: 26
diff changeset
880 passio concupiscibilis, plurimos inclinat ad malum, inde habuerunt
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parents: 26
diff changeset
881 occasionem qui praedictam differentiam assignaverunt.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
882 <p title="I-II q. 26 a. 3 ad 4"><a name="34658"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
883 "ref">[34658] I&ordf;-IIae q. 26 a. 3 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
884 dicendum quod ideo aliqui posuerunt, etiam in ipsa voluntate, nomen
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parents: 26
diff changeset
885 amoris esse divinius nomine dilectionis, quia amor importat quandam
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parents: 26
diff changeset
886 passionem, praecipue secundum quod est in appetitu sensitivo;
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parents: 26
diff changeset
887 dilectio autem praesupponit iudicium rationis. Magis autem homo in
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parents: 26
diff changeset
888 Deum tendere potest per amorem, passive quodammodo ab ipso Deo
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parents: 26
diff changeset
889 attractus, quam ad hoc eum propria ratio ducere possit, quod
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parents: 26
diff changeset
890 pertinet ad rationem dilectionis, ut dictum est. Et propter hoc,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
891 divinius est amor quam dilectio.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
892 <br />
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parents: 26
diff changeset
893 <div class="E">Articulus 4</div>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
894 <p title="I-II q. 26 a. 4 arg. 1"><a name="34659"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
895 "ref">[34659] I&ordf;-IIae q. 26 a. 4 arg. 1</span></a> Ad quartum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
896 sic proceditur. Videtur quod amor inconvenienter dividatur in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
897 amorem amicitiae et concupiscentiae. Amor enim est passio, amicitia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
898 vero est habitus, ut dicit philosophus, in VIII Ethic. Sed habitus
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parents: 26
diff changeset
899 non potest esse pars divisiva passionis. Ergo amor non convenienter
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parents: 26
diff changeset
900 dividitur per amorem concupiscentiae et amorem amicitiae.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
901 <p title="I-II q. 26 a. 4 arg. 2"><a name="34660"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
902 "ref">[34660] I&ordf;-IIae q. 26 a. 4 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
903 nihil dividitur per id quod ei connumeratur, non enim homo
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parents: 26
diff changeset
904 connumeratur animali. Sed concupiscentia connumeratur amori, sicut
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parents: 26
diff changeset
905 alia passio ab amore. Ergo amor non potest dividi per
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parents: 26
diff changeset
906 concupiscentiam.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
907 <p title="I-II q. 26 a. 4 arg. 3"><a name="34661"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
908 "ref">[34661] I&ordf;-IIae q. 26 a. 4 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
909 secundum philosophum, in VIII Ethic., triplex est amicitia, utilis,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
910 delectabilis et honesta. Sed amicitia utilis et delectabilis habet
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
911 concupiscentiam. Ergo concupiscentia non debet dividi contra
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parents: 26
diff changeset
912 amicitiam.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
913 <p title="I-II q. 26 a. 4 s. c."><a name="34662"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
914 "ref">[34662] I&ordf;-IIae q. 26 a. 4 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
915 quaedam dicimur amare quia ea concupiscimus, sicut <i>dicitur
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parents: 26
diff changeset
916 aliquis amare vinum propter dulce quod in eo concupiscit</i>, ut
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parents: 26
diff changeset
917 dicitur in II Topic. Sed ad vinum, et ad huiusmodi, non habemus
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parents: 26
diff changeset
918 amicitiam, ut dicitur in VIII Ethic. Ergo alius est amor
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
919 concupiscentiae, et alius est amor amicitiae.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
920 <p title="I-II q. 26 a. 4 co."><a name="34663"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
921 "ref">[34663] I&ordf;-IIae q. 26 a. 4 co.</span></a> Respondeo
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parents: 26
diff changeset
922 dicendum quod, sicut philosophus dicit in II Rhetoric., amare est
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parents: 26
diff changeset
923 velle alicui bonum. Sic ergo motus amoris in duo tendit, scilicet
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parents: 26
diff changeset
924 in bonum quod quis vult alicui, vel sibi vel alii; et in illud cui
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parents: 26
diff changeset
925 vult bonum. Ad illud ergo bonum quod quis vult alteri, habetur amor
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parents: 26
diff changeset
926 concupiscentiae, ad illud autem cui aliquis vult bonum, habetur
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parents: 26
diff changeset
927 amor amicitiae. Haec autem divisio est secundum prius et posterius.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
928 Nam id quod amatur amore amicitiae, simpliciter et per se amatur,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
929 quod autem amatur amore concupiscentiae, non simpliciter et
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parents: 26
diff changeset
930 secundum se amatur, sed amatur alteri. Sicut enim ens simpliciter
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parents: 26
diff changeset
931 est quod habet esse, ens autem secundum quid quod est in alio; ita
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parents: 26
diff changeset
932 bonum, quod convertitur cum ente, simpliciter quidem est quod ipsum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
933 habet bonitatem; quod autem est bonum alterius, est bonum secundum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
934 quid. Et per consequens amor quo amatur aliquid ut ei sit bonum,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
935 est amor simpliciter, amor autem quo amatur aliquid ut sit bonum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
936 alterius, est amor secundum quid.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
937 <p title="I-II q. 26 a. 4 ad 1"><a name="34664"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
938 "ref">[34664] I&ordf;-IIae q. 26 a. 4 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
939 ergo dicendum quod amor non dividitur per amicitiam et
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parents: 26
diff changeset
940 concupiscentiam, sed per amorem amicitiae et concupiscentiae. Nam
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parents: 26
diff changeset
941 ille proprie dicitur amicus, cui aliquod bonum volumus, illud autem
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parents: 26
diff changeset
942 dicimur concupiscere, quod volumus nobis.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
943 <p title="I-II q. 26 a. 4 ad 2"><a name="34665"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
944 "ref">[34665] I&ordf;-IIae q. 26 a. 4 ad 2</span></a> Et per hoc
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parents: 26
diff changeset
945 patet solutio ad secundum.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
946 <p title="I-II q. 26 a. 4 ad 3"><a name="34666"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
947 "ref">[34666] I&ordf;-IIae q. 26 a. 4 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
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parents: 26
diff changeset
948 dicendum quod in amicitia utilis et delectabilis, vult quidem
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parents: 26
diff changeset
949 aliquis aliquod bonum amico, et quantum ad hoc salvatur ibi ratio
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parents: 26
diff changeset
950 amicitiae. Sed quia illud bonum refert ulterius ad suam
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parents: 26
diff changeset
951 delectationem vel utilitatem, inde est quod amicitia utilis et
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parents: 26
diff changeset
952 delectabilis, inquantum trahitur ad amorem concupiscentiae, deficit
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parents: 26
diff changeset
953 a ratione verae amicitiae.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
954 <br />
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parents: 26
diff changeset
955 <div class="D">Quaestio 27</div>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
956 <div class="G">Prooemium</div>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
957 <p title="I-II q. 27 pr."><a name="34667"><span class="ref">[34667]
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parents: 26
diff changeset
958 I&ordf;-IIae q. 27 pr.</span></a> Deinde considerandum est de causa
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parents: 26
diff changeset
959 amoris. Et circa hoc quaeruntur quatuor. Primo, utrum bonum sit
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parents: 26
diff changeset
960 sola causa amoris. Secundo, utrum cognitio sit causa amoris.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
961 Tertio, utrum similitudo. Quarto, utrum aliqua alia animae
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diff changeset
962 passionum.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
963 <br />
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parents: 26
diff changeset
964 <div class="E">Articulus 1</div>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
965 <p title="I-II q. 27 a. 1 arg. 1"><a name="34668"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
966 "ref">[34668] I&ordf;-IIae q. 27 a. 1 arg. 1</span></a> Ad primum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
967 sic proceditur. Videtur quod non solum bonum sit causa amoris.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
968 Bonum enim non est causa amoris, nisi quia amatur. Sed contingit
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parents: 26
diff changeset
969 etiam malum amari, secundum illud Psalmi X, <i>qui diligit
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parents: 26
diff changeset
970 iniquitatem, odit animam suam</i>, alioquin omnis amor esset bonus.
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diff changeset
971 Ergo non solum bonum est causa amoris.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
972 <p title="I-II q. 27 a. 1 arg. 2"><a name="34669"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
973 "ref">[34669] I&ordf;-IIae q. 27 a. 1 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
974 philosophus dicit, in II Rhetoric., quod <i>eos qui mala sua
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parents: 26
diff changeset
975 dicunt, amamus</i>. Ergo videtur quod malum sit causa amoris.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
976 <p title="I-II q. 27 a. 1 arg. 3"><a name="34670"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
977 "ref">[34670] I&ordf;-IIae q. 27 a. 1 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
978 Dionysius dicit, IV cap. de Div. Nom., quod non solum bonum, sed
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diff changeset
979 etiam pulchrum est omnibus amabile.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
980 <p title="I-II q. 27 a. 1 s. c."><a name="34671"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
981 "ref">[34671] I&ordf;-IIae q. 27 a. 1 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
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parents: 26
diff changeset
982 est quod Augustinus dicit, VIII de Trin., <i>non amatur certe nisi
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parents: 26
diff changeset
983 bonum</i>. Solum igitur bonum est causa amoris.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
984 <p title="I-II q. 27 a. 1 co."><a name="34672"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
985 "ref">[34672] I&ordf;-IIae q. 27 a. 1 co.</span></a> Respondeo
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parents: 26
diff changeset
986 dicendum quod, sicut supra dictum est, amor ad appetitivam
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parents: 26
diff changeset
987 potentiam pertinet, quae est vis passiva. Unde obiectum eius
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parents: 26
diff changeset
988 comparatur ad ipsam sicut causa motus vel actus ipsius. Oportet
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parents: 26
diff changeset
989 igitur ut illud sit proprie causa amoris quod est amoris obiectum.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
990 Amoris autem proprium obiectum est bonum, quia, ut dictum est, amor
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parents: 26
diff changeset
991 importat quandam connaturalitatem vel complacentiam amantis ad
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parents: 26
diff changeset
992 amatum; unicuique autem est bonum id quod est sibi connaturale et
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parents: 26
diff changeset
993 proportionatum. Unde relinquitur quod bonum sit propria causa
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parents: 26
diff changeset
994 amoris.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
995 <p title="I-II q. 27 a. 1 ad 1"><a name="34673"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
996 "ref">[34673] I&ordf;-IIae q. 27 a. 1 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
997 ergo dicendum quod malum nunquam amatur nisi sub ratione boni,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
998 scilicet inquantum est secundum quid bonum, et apprehenditur ut
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parents: 26
diff changeset
999 simpliciter bonum. Et sic aliquis amor est malus, inquantum tendit
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1000 in id quod non est simpliciter verum bonum. Et per hunc modum homo
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1001 diligit iniquitatem, inquantum per iniquitatem adipiscitur aliquod
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1002 bonum, puta delectationem vel pecuniam vel aliquid huiusmodi.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1003 <p title="I-II q. 27 a. 1 ad 2"><a name="34674"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1004 "ref">[34674] I&ordf;-IIae q. 27 a. 1 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1005 dicendum quod illi qui mala sua dicunt, non propter mala amantur,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1006 sed propter hoc quod dicunt mala, hoc enim quod est dicere mala
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1007 sua, habet rationem boni, inquantum excludit fictionem seu
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1008 simulationem.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1009 <p title="I-II q. 27 a. 1 ad 3"><a name="34675"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1010 "ref">[34675] I&ordf;-IIae q. 27 a. 1 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
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diff changeset
1011 dicendum quod pulchrum est idem bono, sola ratione differens. Cum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1012 enim bonum sit quod omnia appetunt, de ratione boni est quod in eo
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1013 quietetur appetitus, sed ad rationem pulchri pertinet quod in eius
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1014 aspectu seu cognitione quietetur appetitus. Unde et illi sensus
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1015 praecipue respiciunt pulchrum, qui maxime cognoscitivi sunt,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1016 scilicet visus et auditus rationi deservientes, dicimus enim
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1017 pulchra visibilia et pulchros sonos. In sensibilibus autem aliorum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1018 sensuum, non utimur nomine pulchritudinis, non enim dicimus
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diff changeset
1019 pulchros sapores aut odores. Et sic patet quod pulchrum addit supra
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1020 bonum, quendam ordinem ad vim cognoscitivam, ita quod bonum dicatur
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1021 id quod simpliciter complacet appetitui; pulchrum autem dicatur id
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1022 cuius ipsa apprehensio placet.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1023 <br />
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1024 <div class="E">Articulus 2</div>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1025 <p title="I-II q. 27 a. 2 arg. 1"><a name="34676"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1026 "ref">[34676] I&ordf;-IIae q. 27 a. 2 arg. 1</span></a> Ad secundum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1027 sic proceditur. Videtur quod cognitio non sit causa amoris. Quod
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diff changeset
1028 enim aliquid quaeratur, hoc contingit ex amore. Sed aliqua
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1029 quaeruntur quae nesciuntur, sicut scientiae, cum enim in his idem
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1030 sit eas habere quod eas nosse, ut Augustinus dicit in libro
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1031 octoginta trium quaest., si cognoscerentur, haberentur, et non
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diff changeset
1032 quaererentur. Ergo cognitio non est causa amoris.</p>
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diff changeset
1033 <p title="I-II q. 27 a. 2 arg. 2"><a name="34677"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1034 "ref">[34677] I&ordf;-IIae q. 27 a. 2 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
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diff changeset
1035 eiusdem rationis videtur esse quod aliquid incognitum ametur, et
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diff changeset
1036 quod aliquid ametur plus quam cognoscatur. Sed aliqua amantur plus
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1037 quam cognoscantur, sicut Deus, qui in hac vita potest per seipsum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1038 amari, non autem per seipsum cognosci. Ergo cognitio non est causa
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1039 amoris.</p>
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diff changeset
1040 <p title="I-II q. 27 a. 2 arg. 3"><a name="34678"><span class=
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diff changeset
1041 "ref">[34678] I&ordf;-IIae q. 27 a. 2 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
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diff changeset
1042 si cognitio esset causa amoris, non posset inveniri amor ubi non
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1043 est cognitio. Sed in omnibus rebus invenitur amor, ut dicit
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diff changeset
1044 Dionysius in IV cap. de Div. Nom., non autem in omnibus invenitur
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diff changeset
1045 cognitio. Ergo cognitio non est causa amoris.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1046 <p title="I-II q. 27 a. 2 s. c."><a name="34679"><span class=
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diff changeset
1047 "ref">[34679] I&ordf;-IIae q. 27 a. 2 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
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diff changeset
1048 est quod Augustinus probat, in X de Trin., quod <i>nullus potest
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1049 amare aliquid incognitum</i>.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1050 <p title="I-II q. 27 a. 2 co."><a name="34680"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1051 "ref">[34680] I&ordf;-IIae q. 27 a. 2 co.</span></a> Respondeo
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diff changeset
1052 dicendum quod, sicut dictum est, bonum est causa amoris per modum
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diff changeset
1053 obiecti. Bonum autem non est obiectum appetitus, nisi prout est
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1054 apprehensum. Et ideo amor requirit aliquam apprehensionem boni quod
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1055 amatur. Et propter hoc philosophus dicit, IX Ethic., quod visio
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diff changeset
1056 corporalis est principium amoris sensitivi. Et similiter
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1057 contemplatio spiritualis pulchritudinis vel bonitatis, est
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1058 principium amoris spiritualis. Sic igitur cognitio est causa
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1059 amoris, ea ratione qua et bonum, quod non potest amari nisi
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1060 cognitum.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1061 <p title="I-II q. 27 a. 2 ad 1"><a name="34681"><span class=
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diff changeset
1062 "ref">[34681] I&ordf;-IIae q. 27 a. 2 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
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diff changeset
1063 ergo dicendum quod ille qui quaerit scientiam, non omnino ignorat
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diff changeset
1064 eam, sed secundum aliquid eam praecognoscit, vel in universali, vel
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1065 in aliquo eius effectu, vel per hoc quod audit eam laudari, ut
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1066 Augustinus dicit, X de Trin. Sic autem eam cognoscere non est eam
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diff changeset
1067 habere; sed cognoscere eam perfecte.</p>
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diff changeset
1068 <p title="I-II q. 27 a. 2 ad 2"><a name="34682"><span class=
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diff changeset
1069 "ref">[34682] I&ordf;-IIae q. 27 a. 2 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1070 dicendum quod aliquid requiritur ad perfectionem cognitionis, quod
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diff changeset
1071 non requiritur ad perfectionem amoris. Cognitio enim ad rationem
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1072 pertinet, cuius est distinguere inter ea quae secundum rem sunt
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1073 coniuncta, et componere quodammodo ea quae sunt diversa, unum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1074 alteri comparando. Et ideo ad perfectionem cognitionis requiritur
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1075 quod homo cognoscat singillatim quidquid est in re, sicut partes et
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1076 virtutes et proprietates. Sed amor est in vi appetitiva, quae
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1077 respicit rem secundum quod in se est. Unde ad perfectionem amoris
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1078 sufficit quod res prout in se apprehenditur, ametur. Ob hoc ergo
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diff changeset
1079 contingit quod aliquid plus amatur quam cognoscatur, quia potest
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diff changeset
1080 perfecte amari, etiam si non perfecte cognoscatur. Sicut maxime
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1081 patet in scientiis, quas aliqui amant propter aliquam summariam
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1082 cognitionem quam de eis habent, puta quod sciunt rhetoricam esse
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1083 scientiam per quam homo potest persuadere, et hoc in rhetorica
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1084 amant. Et similiter est dicendum circa amorem Dei.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1085 <p title="I-II q. 27 a. 2 ad 3"><a name="34683"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1086 "ref">[34683] I&ordf;-IIae q. 27 a. 2 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
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diff changeset
1087 dicendum quod etiam amor naturalis, qui est in omnibus rebus,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1088 causatur ex aliqua cognitione, non quidem in ipsis rebus
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1089 naturalibus existente, sed in eo qui naturam instituit, ut supra
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1090 dictum est.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1091 <br />
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1092 <div class="E">Articulus 3</div>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1093 <p title="I-II q. 27 a. 3 arg. 1"><a name="34684"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1094 "ref">[34684] I&ordf;-IIae q. 27 a. 3 arg. 1</span></a> Ad tertium
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diff changeset
1095 sic proceditur. Videtur quod similitudo non sit causa amoris. Idem
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diff changeset
1096 enim non est causa contrariorum. Sed similitudo est causa odii,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1097 dicitur enim Prov. XIII, quod <i>inter superbos semper sunt
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1098 iurgia</i>; et philosophus dicit, in VIII Ethic., quod figuli
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diff changeset
1099 corrixantur ad invicem. Ergo similitudo non est causa amoris.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1100 <p title="I-II q. 27 a. 3 arg. 2"><a name="34685"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1101 "ref">[34685] I&ordf;-IIae q. 27 a. 3 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
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diff changeset
1102 Augustinus dicit, in IV Confess., quod <i>aliquis amat in alio quod
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diff changeset
1103 esse non vellet, sicut homo amat histrionem, qui non vellet esse
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1104 histrio</i>. Hoc autem non contingeret, si similitudo esset propria
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1105 causa amoris, sic enim homo amaret in altero quod ipse haberet, vel
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diff changeset
1106 vellet habere. Ergo similitudo non est causa amoris.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1107 <p title="I-II q. 27 a. 3 arg. 3"><a name="34686"><span class=
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diff changeset
1108 "ref">[34686] I&ordf;-IIae q. 27 a. 3 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
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diff changeset
1109 quilibet homo amat id quo indiget, etiam si illud non habeat, sicut
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1110 infirmus amat sanitatem, et pauper amat divitias. Sed inquantum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1111 indiget et caret eis, habet dissimilitudinem ad ipsa. Ergo non
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diff changeset
1112 solum similitudo, sed etiam dissimilitudo est causa amoris.</p>
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diff changeset
1113 <p title="I-II q. 27 a. 3 arg. 4"><a name="34687"><span class=
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diff changeset
1114 "ref">[34687] I&ordf;-IIae q. 27 a. 3 arg. 4</span></a> Praeterea,
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diff changeset
1115 philosophus dicit, in II Rhetoric., quod <i>beneficos in pecunias
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1116 et salutem amamus, et similiter eos qui circa mortuos servant
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1117 amicitiam, omnes diligunt</i>. Non autem omnes sunt tales. Ergo
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diff changeset
1118 similitudo non est causa amoris.</p>
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diff changeset
1119 <p title="I-II q. 27 a. 3 s. c."><a name="34688"><span class=
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diff changeset
1120 "ref">[34688] I&ordf;-IIae q. 27 a. 3 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
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diff changeset
1121 est quod dicitur Eccli. XIII, <i>omne animal diligit simile
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diff changeset
1122 sibi</i>.</p>
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diff changeset
1123 <p title="I-II q. 27 a. 3 co."><a name="34689"><span class=
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diff changeset
1124 "ref">[34689] I&ordf;-IIae q. 27 a. 3 co.</span></a> Respondeo
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diff changeset
1125 dicendum quod similitudo, proprie loquendo, est causa amoris. Sed
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diff changeset
1126 considerandum est quod similitudo inter aliqua potest attendi
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1127 dupliciter. Uno modo, ex hoc quod utrumque habet idem in actu,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1128 sicut duo habentes albedinem, dicuntur similes. Alio modo, ex hoc
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diff changeset
1129 quod unum habet in potentia et in quadam inclinatione, illud quod
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diff changeset
1130 aliud habet in actu, sicut si dicamus quod corpus grave existens
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diff changeset
1131 extra suum locum, habet similitudinem cum corpore gravi in suo loco
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1132 existenti. Vel etiam secundum quod potentia habet similitudinem ad
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diff changeset
1133 actum ipsum, nam in ipsa potentia quodammodo est actus. Primus ergo
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1134 similitudinis modus causat amorem amicitiae, seu benevolentiae. Ex
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diff changeset
1135 hoc enim quod aliqui duo sunt similes, quasi habentes unam formam,
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diff changeset
1136 sunt quodammodo unum in forma illa, sicut duo homines sunt unum in
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1137 specie humanitatis, et duo albi in albedine. Et ideo affectus unius
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diff changeset
1138 tendit in alterum, sicut in unum sibi; et vult ei bonum sicut et
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1139 sibi. Sed secundus modus similitudinis causat amorem
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diff changeset
1140 concupiscentiae, vel amicitiam utilis seu delectabilis. Quia
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diff changeset
1141 unicuique existenti in potentia, inquantum huiusmodi, inest
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diff changeset
1142 appetitus sui actus, et in eius consecutione delectatur, si sit
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1143 sentiens et cognoscens. Dictum est autem supra quod in amore
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diff changeset
1144 concupiscentiae amans proprie amat seipsum, cum vult illud bonum
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diff changeset
1145 quod concupiscit. Magis autem unusquisque seipsum amat quam alium,
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diff changeset
1146 quia sibi unus est in substantia, alteri vero in similitudine
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diff changeset
1147 alicuius formae. Et ideo si ex eo quod est sibi similis in
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1148 participatione formae, impediatur ipsemet a consecutione boni quod
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diff changeset
1149 amat; efficitur ei odiosus, non inquantum est similis, sed
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diff changeset
1150 inquantum est proprii boni impeditivus. Et propter hoc figuli
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diff changeset
1151 corrixantur ad invicem, quia se invicem impediunt in proprio lucro,
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diff changeset
1152 et inter superbos sunt iurgia, quia se invicem impediunt in propria
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diff changeset
1153 excellentia, quam concupiscunt.</p>
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diff changeset
1154 <p title="I-II q. 27 a. 3 ad 1"><a name="34690"><span class=
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diff changeset
1155 "ref">[34690] I&ordf;-IIae q. 27 a. 3 ad 1</span></a> Et per hoc
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1156 patet responsio ad primum.</p>
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diff changeset
1157 <p title="I-II q. 27 a. 3 ad 2"><a name="34691"><span class=
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diff changeset
1158 "ref">[34691] I&ordf;-IIae q. 27 a. 3 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1159 dicendum quod in hoc etiam quod aliquis in altero amat quod in se
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1160 non amat, invenitur ratio similitudinis secundum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1161 proportionalitatem, nam sicut se habet alius ad hoc quod in eo
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diff changeset
1162 amatur, ita ipse se habet ad hoc quod in se amat. Puta si bonus
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1163 cantor bonum amet scriptorem, attenditur ibi similitudo
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1164 proportionis, secundum quod uterque habet quod convenit ei secundum
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diff changeset
1165 suam artem.</p>
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diff changeset
1166 <p title="I-II q. 27 a. 3 ad 3"><a name="34692"><span class=
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diff changeset
1167 "ref">[34692] I&ordf;-IIae q. 27 a. 3 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
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diff changeset
1168 dicendum quod ille qui amat hoc quo indiget, habet similitudinem ad
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1169 id quod amat sicut quod est potentia ad actum, ut dictum est.</p>
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diff changeset
1170 <p title="I-II q. 27 a. 3 ad 4"><a name="34693"><span class=
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diff changeset
1171 "ref">[34693] I&ordf;-IIae q. 27 a. 3 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
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diff changeset
1172 dicendum quod secundum eandem similitudinem potentiae ad actum,
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diff changeset
1173 ille qui non est liberalis, amat eum qui est liberalis, inquantum
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diff changeset
1174 expectat ab eo aliquid quod desiderat. Et eadem ratio est de
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diff changeset
1175 perseverante in amicitia ad eum qui non perseverat. Utrobique enim
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diff changeset
1176 videtur esse amicitia propter utilitatem. Vel dicendum quod, licet
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diff changeset
1177 non omnes homines habeant huiusmodi virtutes secundum habitum
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diff changeset
1178 completum, habent tamen ea secundum quaedam seminalia rationis,
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diff changeset
1179 secundum quae, qui non habet virtutem, diligit virtuosum, tanquam
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diff changeset
1180 suae naturali rationi conformem.</p>
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diff changeset
1181 <br />
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diff changeset
1182 <div class="E">Articulus 4</div>
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diff changeset
1183 <p title="I-II q. 27 a. 4 arg. 1"><a name="34694"><span class=
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diff changeset
1184 "ref">[34694] I&ordf;-IIae q. 27 a. 4 arg. 1</span></a> Ad quartum
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diff changeset
1185 sic proceditur. Videtur quod aliqua alia passio possit esse causa
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1186 amoris. Dicit enim philosophus, in VIII Ethic., quod aliqui amantur
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1187 propter delectationem. Sed delectatio est passio quaedam. Ergo
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diff changeset
1188 aliqua alia passio est causa amoris.</p>
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diff changeset
1189 <p title="I-II q. 27 a. 4 arg. 2"><a name="34695"><span class=
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diff changeset
1190 "ref">[34695] I&ordf;-IIae q. 27 a. 4 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
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diff changeset
1191 desiderium quaedam passio est. Sed aliquos amamus propter
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diff changeset
1192 desiderium alicuius quod ab eis expectamus, sicut apparet in omni
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diff changeset
1193 amicitia quae est propter utilitatem. Ergo aliqua alia passio est
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diff changeset
1194 causa amoris.</p>
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diff changeset
1195 <p title="I-II q. 27 a. 4 arg. 3"><a name="34696"><span class=
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diff changeset
1196 "ref">[34696] I&ordf;-IIae q. 27 a. 4 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1197 Augustinus dicit, in X de Trin., <i>cuius rei adipiscendae spem
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diff changeset
1198 quisque non gerit, aut tepide amat, aut omnino non amat, quamvis
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diff changeset
1199 quam pulchra sit videat</i>. Ergo spes etiam est causa amoris.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1200 <p title="I-II q. 27 a. 4 s. c."><a name="34697"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1201 "ref">[34697] I&ordf;-IIae q. 27 a. 4 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
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diff changeset
1202 est quod omnes aliae affectiones animi ex amore causantur, ut
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diff changeset
1203 Augustinus dicit, XIV de Civ. Dei.</p>
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diff changeset
1204 <p title="I-II q. 27 a. 4 co."><a name="34698"><span class=
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diff changeset
1205 "ref">[34698] I&ordf;-IIae q. 27 a. 4 co.</span></a> Respondeo
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diff changeset
1206 dicendum quod nulla alia passio animae est quae non praesupponat
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diff changeset
1207 aliquem amorem. Cuius ratio est quia omnis alia passio animae vel
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diff changeset
1208 importat motum ad aliquid, vel quietem in aliquo. Omnis autem motus
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diff changeset
1209 in aliquid, vel quies in aliquo, ex aliqua connaturalitate vel
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diff changeset
1210 coaptatione procedit, quae pertinet ad rationem amoris. Unde
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diff changeset
1211 impossibile est quod aliqua alia passio animae sit causa
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diff changeset
1212 universaliter omnis amoris. Contingit tamen aliquam aliam passionem
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diff changeset
1213 esse causam amoris alicuius, sicut etiam unum bonum est causa
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diff changeset
1214 alterius.</p>
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diff changeset
1215 <p title="I-II q. 27 a. 4 ad 1"><a name="34699"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1216 "ref">[34699] I&ordf;-IIae q. 27 a. 4 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1217 ergo dicendum quod, cum aliquis amat aliquid propter delectationem,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1218 amor quidem ille causatur ex delectatione, sed delectatio illa
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1219 iterum causatur ex alio amore praecedente; nullus enim delectatur
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1220 nisi in re aliquo modo amata.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1221 <p title="I-II q. 27 a. 4 ad 2"><a name="34700"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1222 "ref">[34700] I&ordf;-IIae q. 27 a. 4 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1223 dicendum quod desiderium rei alicuius semper praesupponit amorem
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1224 illius rei. Sed desiderium alicuius rei potest esse causa ut res
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1225 alia ametur, sicut qui desiderat pecuniam, amat propter hoc eum a
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1226 quo pecuniam recipit.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1227 <p title="I-II q. 27 a. 4 ad 3"><a name="34701"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1228 "ref">[34701] I&ordf;-IIae q. 27 a. 4 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1229 dicendum quod spes causat vel auget amorem, et ratione
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1230 delectationis, quia delectationem causat, et etiam ratione
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1231 desiderii, quia spes desiderium fortificat, non enim ita intense
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1232 desideramus quae non speramus. Sed tamen et ipsa spes est alicuius
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1233 boni amati.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1234 <br />
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1235 <div class="D">Quaestio 28</div>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1236 <div class="G">Prooemium</div>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1237 <p title="I-II q. 28 pr."><a name="34702"><span class="ref">[34702]
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1238 I&ordf;-IIae q. 28 pr.</span></a> Deinde considerandum est de
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1239 effectibus amoris. Et circa hoc quaeruntur sex. Primo, utrum unio
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1240 sit effectus amoris. Secundo, utrum mutua inhaesio. Tertio, utrum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1241 extasis sit effectus amoris. Quarto, utrum zelus. Quinto, utrum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1242 amor sit passio laesiva amantis. Sexto, utrum amor sit causa omnium
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1243 quae amans agit.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1244 <br />
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1245 <div class="E">Articulus 1</div>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1246 <p title="I-II q. 28 a. 1 arg. 1"><a name="34703"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1247 "ref">[34703] I&ordf;-IIae q. 28 a. 1 arg. 1</span></a> Ad primum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1248 sic proceditur. Videtur quod unio non sit effectus amoris. Absentia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1249 enim unioni repugnat. Sed amor compatitur secum absentiam, dicit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1250 enim apostolus, ad Galat. IV, <i>bonum aemulamini in bono
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1251 semper</i> (loquens de seipso, ut Glossa dicit), <i>et non tantum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1252 cum praesens sum apud vos</i>. Ergo unio non est effectus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1253 amoris.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1254 <p title="I-II q. 28 a. 1 arg. 2"><a name="34704"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1255 "ref">[34704] I&ordf;-IIae q. 28 a. 1 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1256 omnis unio aut est per essentiam, sicut forma unitur materiae, et
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1257 accidens subiecto, et pars toti vel alteri parti ad constitutionem
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1258 totius, aut est per similitudinem vel generis, vel speciei, vel
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1259 accidentis. Sed amor non causat unionem essentiae, alioquin nunquam
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1260 haberetur amor ad ea quae sunt per essentiam divisa. Unionem autem
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1261 quae est per similitudinem, amor non causat, sed magis ab ea
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1262 causatur. Ut dictum est. Ergo unio non est effectus amoris.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1263 <p title="I-II q. 28 a. 1 arg. 3"><a name="34705"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1264 "ref">[34705] I&ordf;-IIae q. 28 a. 1 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1265 sensus in actu fit sensibile in actu, et intellectus in actu fit
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1266 intellectum in actu. Non autem amans in actu fit amatum in actu.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1267 Ergo unio magis est effectus cognitionis quam amoris.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1268 <p title="I-II q. 28 a. 1 s. c."><a name="34706"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1269 "ref">[34706] I&ordf;-IIae q. 28 a. 1 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1270 est quod dicit Dionysius, IV cap. de Div. Nom., quod amor quilibet
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1271 est virtus unitiva.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1272 <p title="I-II q. 28 a. 1 co."><a name="34707"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1273 "ref">[34707] I&ordf;-IIae q. 28 a. 1 co.</span></a> Respondeo
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1274 dicendum quod duplex est unio amantis ad amatum. Una quidem
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diff changeset
1275 secundum rem, puta cum amatum praesentialiter adest amanti. Alia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1276 vero secundum affectum. Quae quidem unio consideranda est ex
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1277 apprehensione praecedente, nam motus appetitivus sequitur
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1278 apprehensionem. Cum autem sit duplex amor, scilicet concupiscentiae
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1279 et amicitiae, uterque procedit ex quadam apprehensione unitatis
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1280 amati ad amantem. Cum enim aliquis amat aliquid quasi concupiscens
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1281 illud, apprehendit illud quasi pertinens ad suum bene esse.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1282 Similiter cum aliquis amat aliquem amore amicitiae, vult ei bonum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1283 sicut et sibi vult bonum, unde apprehendit eum ut alterum se,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1284 inquantum scilicet vult ei bonum sicut et sibi ipsi. Et inde est
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1285 quod amicus dicitur esse alter ipse, et Augustinus dicit, in IV
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1286 Confess., <i>bene quidam dixit de amico suo, dimidium animae
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1287 suae</i>. Primam ergo unionem amor facit effective, quia movet ad
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1288 desiderandum et quaerendum praesentiam amati, quasi sibi
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1289 convenientis et ad se pertinentis. Secundam autem unionem facit
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1290 formaliter, quia ipse amor est talis unio vel nexus. Unde
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diff changeset
1291 Augustinus dicit, in VIII de Trin., quod <i>amor est quasi vita
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1292 quaedam duo aliqua copulans, vel copulare appetens, amantem
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1293 scilicet et quod amatur</i>. Quod enim dicit copulans, refertur ad
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diff changeset
1294 unionem affectus, sine qua non est amor, quod vero dicit copulare
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1295 intendens, pertinet ad unionem realem.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1296 <p title="I-II q. 28 a. 1 ad 1"><a name="34708"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1297 "ref">[34708] I&ordf;-IIae q. 28 a. 1 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1298 ergo dicendum quod obiectio illa procedit de unione reali. Quam
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1299 quidem requirit delectatio sicut causam, desiderium vero est in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1300 reali absentia amati, amor vero et in absentia et in
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diff changeset
1301 praesentia.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1302 <p title="I-II q. 28 a. 1 ad 2"><a name="34709"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1303 "ref">[34709] I&ordf;-IIae q. 28 a. 1 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1304 dicendum quod unio tripliciter se habet ad amorem. Quaedam enim
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1305 unio est causa amoris. Et haec quidem est unio substantialis,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1306 quantum ad amorem quo quis amat seipsum, quantum vero ad amorem quo
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1307 quis amat alia, est unio similitudinis, ut dictum est. Quaedam vero
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1308 unio est essentialiter ipse amor. Et haec est unio secundum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1309 coaptationem affectus. Quae quidem assimilatur unioni substantiali,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1310 inquantum amans se habet ad amatum, in amore quidem amicitiae, ut
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1311 ad seipsum; in amore autem concupiscentiae, ut ad aliquid sui.
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diff changeset
1312 Quaedam vero unio est effectus amoris. Et haec est unio realis,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1313 quam amans quaerit de re amata. Et haec quidem unio est secundum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1314 convenientiam amoris, ut enim philosophus refert, II Politic.,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1315 <i>Aristophanes dixit quod amantes desiderarent ex ambobus fieri
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1316 unum, sed quia ex hoc accideret aut ambos aut alterum corrumpi</i>,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1317 quaerunt unionem quae convenit et decet; ut scilicet simul
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1318 conversentur, et simul colloquantur, et in aliis huiusmodi
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1319 coniungantur.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1320 <p title="I-II q. 28 a. 1 ad 3"><a name="34710"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1321 "ref">[34710] I&ordf;-IIae q. 28 a. 1 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1322 dicendum quod cognitio perficitur per hoc quod cognitum unitur
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1323 cognoscenti secundum suam similitudinem. Sed amor facit quod ipsa
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1324 res quae amatur, amanti aliquo modo uniatur, ut dictum est. Unde
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1325 amor est magis unitivus quam cognitio.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1326 <br />
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1327 <div class="E">Articulus 2</div>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1328 <p title="I-II q. 28 a. 2 arg. 1"><a name="34711"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1329 "ref">[34711] I&ordf;-IIae q. 28 a. 2 arg. 1</span></a> Ad secundum
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diff changeset
1330 sic proceditur. Videtur quod amor non causet mutuam inhaesionem, ut
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diff changeset
1331 scilicet amans sit in amato, et e converso. Quod enim est in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1332 altero, continetur in eo. Sed non potest idem esse continens et
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1333 contentum. Ergo per amorem non potest causari mutua inhaesio, ut
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1334 amatum sit in amante et e converso.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1335 <p title="I-II q. 28 a. 2 arg. 2"><a name="34712"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1336 "ref">[34712] I&ordf;-IIae q. 28 a. 2 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1337 nihil potest penetrare in interiora alicuius integri, nisi per
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1338 aliquam divisionem. Sed dividere quae sunt secundum rem coniuncta,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1339 non pertinet ad appetitum, in quo est amor, sed ad rationem. Ergo
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1340 mutua inhaesio non est effectus amoris.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1341 <p title="I-II q. 28 a. 2 arg. 3"><a name="34713"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1342 "ref">[34713] I&ordf;-IIae q. 28 a. 2 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1343 si per amorem amans est in amato et e converso, sequetur quod hoc
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1344 modo amatum uniatur amanti, sicut amans amato. Sed ipsa unio est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1345 amor, ut dictum est. Ergo sequitur quod semper amans ametur ab
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1346 amato, quod patet esse falsum. Non ergo mutua inhaesio est effectus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1347 amoris.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1348 <p title="I-II q. 28 a. 2 s. c."><a name="34714"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1349 "ref">[34714] I&ordf;-IIae q. 28 a. 2 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1350 est quod dicitur I Ioan. IV, <i>qui manet in caritate, in Deo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1351 manet, et Deus in eo</i>. Caritas autem est amor Dei. Ergo, eadem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1352 ratione, quilibet amor facit amatum esse in amante, et e
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1353 converso.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1354 <p title="I-II q. 28 a. 2 co."><a name="34715"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1355 "ref">[34715] I&ordf;-IIae q. 28 a. 2 co.</span></a> Respondeo
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1356 dicendum quod iste effectus mutuae inhaesionis potest intelligi et
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1357 quantum ad vim apprehensivam, et quantum ad vim appetitivam. Nam
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1358 quantum ad vim apprehensivam amatum dicitur esse in amante,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1359 inquantum amatum immoratur in apprehensione amantis; secundum illud
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1360 Philipp. I, <i>eo quod habeam vos in corde</i>. Amans vero dicitur
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diff changeset
1361 esse in amato secundum apprehensionem inquantum amans non est
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1362 contentus superficiali apprehensione amati, sed nititur singula
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1363 quae ad amatum pertinent intrinsecus disquirere, et sic ad
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1364 interiora eius ingreditur. Sicut de spiritu sancto, qui est amor
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1365 Dei, dicitur, I ad Cor. II, quod <i>scrutatur etiam profunda
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1366 Dei</i>. Sed quantum ad vim appetitivam, amatum dicitur esse in
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1367 amante, prout est per quandam complacentiam in eius affectu, ut vel
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diff changeset
1368 delectetur in eo, aut in bonis eius, apud praesentiam; vel in
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1369 absentia, per desiderium tendat in ipsum amatum per amorem
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diff changeset
1370 concupiscentiae; vel in bona quae vult amato, per amorem amicitiae;
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1371 non quidem ex aliqua extrinseca causa, sicut cum aliquis desiderat
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1372 aliquid propter alterum, vel cum aliquis vult bonum alteri propter
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1373 aliquid aliud; sed propter complacentiam amati interius radicatam.
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diff changeset
1374 Unde et amor dicitur intimus; et dicuntur viscera caritatis. E
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diff changeset
1375 converso autem amans est in amato aliter quidem per amorem
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1376 concupiscentiae, aliter per amorem amicitiae. Amor namque
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1377 concupiscentiae non requiescit in quacumque extrinseca aut
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1378 superficiali adeptione vel fruitione amati, sed quaerit amatum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1379 perfecte habere, quasi ad intima illius perveniens. In amore vero
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1380 amicitiae, amans est in amato, inquantum reputat bona vel mala
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diff changeset
1381 amici sicut sua, et voluntatem amici sicut suam, ut quasi ipse in
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diff changeset
1382 suo amico videatur bona vel mala pati, et affici. Et propter hoc,
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diff changeset
1383 proprium est amicorum eadem velle, et in eodem tristari et gaudere
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1384 secundum philosophum, in IX Ethic. et in II Rhetoric. Ut sic,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1385 inquantum quae sunt amici aestimat sua, amans videatur esse in
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1386 amato, quasi idem factus amato. Inquantum autem e converso vult et
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1387 agit propter amicum sicut propter seipsum, quasi reputans amicum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1388 idem sibi, sic amatum est in amante. Potest autem et tertio modo
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1389 mutua inhaesio intelligi in amore amicitiae, secundum viam
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1390 redamationis, inquantum mutuo se amant amici, et sibi invicem bona
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1391 volunt et operantur.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1392 <p title="I-II q. 28 a. 2 ad 1"><a name="34716"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1393 "ref">[34716] I&ordf;-IIae q. 28 a. 2 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1394 ergo dicendum quod amatum continetur in amante, inquantum est
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1395 impressum in affectu eius per quandam complacentiam. E converso
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1396 vero amans continetur in amato, inquantum amans sequitur aliquo
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1397 modo illud quod est intimum amati. Nihil enim prohibet diverso modo
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1398 esse aliquid continens et contentum, sicut genus continetur in
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1399 specie et e converso.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1400 <p title="I-II q. 28 a. 2 ad 2"><a name="34717"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1401 "ref">[34717] I&ordf;-IIae q. 28 a. 2 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1402 dicendum quod rationis apprehensio praecedit affectum amoris. Et
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1403 ideo, sicut ratio disquirit, ita affectus amoris subintrat in
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1404 amatum, ut ex dictis patet.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1405 <p title="I-II q. 28 a. 2 ad 3"><a name="34718"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1406 "ref">[34718] I&ordf;-IIae q. 28 a. 2 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1407 dicendum quod illa ratio procedit de tertio modo mutuae
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1408 inhaesionis, qui non invenitur in quolibet amore.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1409 <br />
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1410 <div class="E">Articulus 3</div>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1411 <p title="I-II q. 28 a. 3 arg. 1"><a name="34719"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1412 "ref">[34719] I&ordf;-IIae q. 28 a. 3 arg. 1</span></a> Ad tertium
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1413 sic proceditur. Videtur quod extasis non sit effectus amoris.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1414 Extasis enim quandam alienationem importare videtur. Sed amor non
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1415 semper facit alienationem, sunt enim amantes interdum sui compotes.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1416 Ergo amor non facit extasim.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1417 <p title="I-II q. 28 a. 3 arg. 2"><a name="34720"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1418 "ref">[34720] I&ordf;-IIae q. 28 a. 3 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1419 amans desiderat amatum sibi uniri. Magis ergo amatum trahit ad se,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1420 quam etiam pergat in amatum, extra se exiens.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1421 <p title="I-II q. 28 a. 3 arg. 3"><a name="34721"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1422 "ref">[34721] I&ordf;-IIae q. 28 a. 3 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1423 amor unit amatum amanti, sicut dictum est. Si ergo amans extra se
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1424 tendit, ut in amatum pergat, sequitur quod semper plus diligat
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1425 amatum quam seipsum. Quod patet esse falsum. Non ergo extasis est
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1426 effectus amoris.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1427 <p title="I-II q. 28 a. 3 s. c."><a name="34722"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1428 "ref">[34722] I&ordf;-IIae q. 28 a. 3 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
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diff changeset
1429 est quod Dionysius dicit, IV cap. de Div. Nom., quod <i>divinus
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1430 amor extasim facit, et quod ipse Deus propter amorem est extasim
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1431 passus</i>. Cum ergo quilibet amor sit quaedam similitudo
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1432 participata divini amoris, ut ibidem dicitur, videtur quod quilibet
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1433 amor causet extasim.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1434 <p title="I-II q. 28 a. 3 co."><a name="34723"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1435 "ref">[34723] I&ordf;-IIae q. 28 a. 3 co.</span></a> Respondeo
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diff changeset
1436 dicendum quod extasim pati aliquis dicitur, cum extra se ponitur.
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diff changeset
1437 Quod quidem contingit et secundum vim apprehensivam, et secundum
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diff changeset
1438 vim appetitivam. Secundum quidem vim apprehensivam aliquis dicitur
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1439 extra se poni, quando ponitur extra cognitionem sibi propriam, vel
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1440 quia ad superiorem sublimatur, sicut homo, dum elevatur ad
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1441 comprehendenda aliqua quae sunt supra sensum et rationem, dicitur
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1442 extasim pati, inquantum ponitur extra connaturalem apprehensionem
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1443 rationis et sensus; vel quia ad inferiora deprimitur; puta, cum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1444 aliquis in furiam vel amentiam cadit, dicitur extasim passus.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1445 Secundum appetitivam vero partem dicitur aliquis extasim pati,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1446 quando appetitus alicuius in alterum fertur, exiens quodammodo
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1447 extra seipsum. Primam quidem extasim facit amor dispositive,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1448 inquantum scilicet facit meditari de amato, ut dictum est, intensa
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1449 autem meditatio unius abstrahit ab aliis. Sed secundam extasim
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1450 facit amor directe, simpliciter quidem amor amicitiae; amor autem
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1451 concupiscentiae non simpliciter, sed secundum quid. Nam in amore
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1452 concupiscentiae, quodammodo fertur amans extra seipsum, inquantum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1453 scilicet, non contentus gaudere de bono quod habet, quaerit frui
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1454 aliquo extra se. Sed quia illud extrinsecum bonum quaerit sibi
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1455 habere, non exit simpliciter extra se, sed talis affectio in fine
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1456 infra ipsum concluditur. Sed in amore amicitiae, affectus alicuius
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1457 simpliciter exit extra se, quia vult amico bonum, et operatur,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1458 quasi gerens curam et providentiam ipsius, propter ipsum
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diff changeset
1459 amicum.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1460 <p title="I-II q. 28 a. 3 ad 1"><a name="34724"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1461 "ref">[34724] I&ordf;-IIae q. 28 a. 3 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
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diff changeset
1462 ergo dicendum quod illa ratio procedit de prima extasi.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1463 <p title="I-II q. 28 a. 3 ad 2"><a name="34725"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1464 "ref">[34725] I&ordf;-IIae q. 28 a. 3 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1465 dicendum quod illa ratio procedit de amore concupiscentiae, qui non
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1466 facit simpliciter extasim, ut dictum est.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1467 <p title="I-II q. 28 a. 3 ad 3"><a name="34726"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1468 "ref">[34726] I&ordf;-IIae q. 28 a. 3 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1469 dicendum quod ille qui amat, intantum extra se exit, inquantum vult
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1470 bona amici et operatur. Non tamen vult bona amici magis quam sua.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1471 Unde non sequitur quod alterum plus quam se diligat.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1472 <br />
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1473 <div class="E">Articulus 4</div>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1474 <p title="I-II q. 28 a. 4 arg. 1"><a name="34727"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1475 "ref">[34727] I&ordf;-IIae q. 28 a. 4 arg. 1</span></a> Ad quartum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1476 sic proceditur. Videtur quod zelus non sit effectus amoris. Zelus
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1477 enim est contentionis principium, unde dicitur I ad Cor. III,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1478 <i>cum sit inter vos zelus et contentio,</i> et cetera. Sed
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1479 contentio repugnat amori. Ergo zelus non est effectus amoris.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1480 <p title="I-II q. 28 a. 4 arg. 2"><a name="34728"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1481 "ref">[34728] I&ordf;-IIae q. 28 a. 4 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1482 obiectum amoris est bonum, quod est communicativum sui. Sed zelus
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1483 repugnat communicationi, ad zelum enim pertinere videtur quod
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1484 aliquis non patiatur consortium in amato; sicut viri dicuntur
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1485 zelare uxores, quas nolunt habere communes cum ceteris. Ergo zelus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1486 non est effectus amoris.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1487 <p title="I-II q. 28 a. 4 arg. 3"><a name="34729"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1488 "ref">[34729] I&ordf;-IIae q. 28 a. 4 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1489 zelus non est sine odio, sicut nec sine amore, dicitur enim in
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1490 Psalmo LXXII, <i>zelavi super iniquos</i>. Non ergo debet dici
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1491 magis effectus amoris quam odii.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1492 <p title="I-II q. 28 a. 4 s. c."><a name="34730"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1493 "ref">[34730] I&ordf;-IIae q. 28 a. 4 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1494 est quod Dionysius dicit, IV cap. de Div. Nom., quod <i>Deus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1495 appellatur Zelotes propter multum amorem quem habet ad
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1496 existentia</i>.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1497 <p title="I-II q. 28 a. 4 co."><a name="34731"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1498 "ref">[34731] I&ordf;-IIae q. 28 a. 4 co.</span></a> Respondeo
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1499 dicendum quod zelus, quocumque modo sumatur, ex intensione amoris
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1500 provenit. Manifestum est enim quod quanto aliqua virtus intensius
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1501 tendit in aliquid, fortius etiam repellit omne contrarium vel
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1502 repugnans. Cum igitur amor sit quidam motus in amatum, ut
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1503 Augustinus dicit in libro octoginta trium quaest., intensus amor
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1504 quaerit excludere omne quod sibi repugnat. Aliter tamen hoc
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1505 contingit in amore concupiscentiae, et aliter in amore amicitiae.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1506 Nam in amore concupiscentiae, qui intense aliquid concupiscit,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1507 movetur contra omne illud quod repugnat consecutioni vel fruitioni
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1508 quietae eius quod amatur. Et hoc modo viri dicuntur zelare uxores,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1509 ne per consortium aliorum impediatur singularitas quam in uxore
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1510 quaerunt. Similiter etiam qui quaerunt excellentiam, moventur
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1511 contra eos qui excellere videntur, quasi impedientes excellentiam
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1512 eorum. Et iste est zelus invidiae, de quo dicitur in Psalmo XXXVI,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1513 <i>noli aemulari in malignantibus, neque zelaveris facientes
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1514 iniquitatem</i>. Amor autem amicitiae quaerit bonum amici, unde
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1515 quando est intensus, facit hominem moveri contra omne illud quod
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1516 repugnat bono amici. Et secundum hoc, aliquis dicitur zelare pro
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1517 amico, quando, si qua dicuntur vel fiunt contra bonum amici, homo
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1518 repellere studet. Et per hunc etiam modum aliquis dicitur zelare
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1519 pro Deo, quando ea quae sunt contra honorem vel voluntatem Dei,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1520 repellere secundum posse conatur; secundum illud III Reg. XIX,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1521 <i>zelo zelatus sum pro domino exercituum</i>. Et Ioan. II, super
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1522 illud, <i>zelus domus tuae comedit me</i>, dicit Glossa quod
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1523 <i>bono zelo comeditur, qui quaelibet prava quae viderit, corrigere
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1524 satagit; si nequit, tolerat et gemit</i>.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1525 <p title="I-II q. 28 a. 4 ad 1"><a name="34732"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1526 "ref">[34732] I&ordf;-IIae q. 28 a. 4 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1527 ergo dicendum quod apostolus ibi loquitur de zelo invidiae; qui
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1528 quidem est causa contentionis, non contra rem amatam, sed pro re
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1529 amata contra impedimenta ipsius.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1530 <p title="I-II q. 28 a. 4 ad 2"><a name="34733"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1531 "ref">[34733] I&ordf;-IIae q. 28 a. 4 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1532 dicendum quod bonum amatur inquantum est communicabile amanti. Unde
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1533 omne illud quod perfectionem huius communicationis impedit,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1534 efficitur odiosum. Et sic ex amore boni zelus causatur. Ex defectu
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1535 autem bonitatis contingit quod quaedam parva bona non possunt
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1536 integre simul possideri a multis. Et ex amore talium causatur zelus
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1537 invidiae. Non autem proprie ex his quae integre possunt a multis
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1538 possideri, nullus enim invidet alteri de cognitione veritatis, quae
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1539 a multis integre cognosci potest; sed forte de excellentia circa
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1540 cognitionem huius.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1541 <p title="I-II q. 28 a. 4 ad 3"><a name="34734"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1542 "ref">[34734] I&ordf;-IIae q. 28 a. 4 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1543 dicendum quod hoc ipsum quod aliquis odio habet ea quae repugnant
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1544 amato, ex amore procedit. Unde zelus proprie ponitur effectus
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1545 amoris magis quam odii.</p>
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diff changeset
1546 <br />
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diff changeset
1547 <div class="E">Articulus 5</div>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1548 <p title="I-II q. 28 a. 5 arg. 1"><a name="34735"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1549 "ref">[34735] I&ordf;-IIae q. 28 a. 5 arg. 1</span></a> Ad quintum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1550 sic proceditur. Videtur quod amor sit passio laesiva. Languor enim
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1551 significat laesionem quandam languentis. Sed amor causat languorem,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1552 dicitur enim Cant. II, <i>fulcite me floribus, stipate me malis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1553 quia amore langueo</i>. Ergo amor est passio laesiva.</p>
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1554 <p title="I-II q. 28 a. 5 arg. 2"><a name="34736"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1555 "ref">[34736] I&ordf;-IIae q. 28 a. 5 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1556 liquefactio est quaedam resolutio. Sed amor est liquefactivus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1557 dicitur enim Cant. V, <i>anima mea liquefacta est, ut dilectus meus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1558 locutus est</i>. Ergo amor est resolutivus. Est ergo corruptivus et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1559 laesivus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1560 <p title="I-II q. 28 a. 5 arg. 3"><a name="34737"><span class=
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1561 "ref">[34737] I&ordf;-IIae q. 28 a. 5 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1562 fervor designat quendam excessum in caliditate, qui quidem excessus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1563 corruptivus est. Sed fervor causatur ex amore, Dionysius enim, VII
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1564 cap. Cael. Hier., inter ceteras proprietates ad amorem Seraphim
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1565 pertinentes, ponit calidum et acutum et superfervens. Et Cant.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1566 VIII, dicitur de amore quod <i>lampades eius sunt lampades ignis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1567 atque flammarum</i>. Ergo amor est passio laesiva et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1568 corruptiva.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1569 <p title="I-II q. 28 a. 5 s. c."><a name="34738"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1570 "ref">[34738] I&ordf;-IIae q. 28 a. 5 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1571 est quod dicit Dionysius, IV cap. de Div. Nom., quod singula seipsa
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1572 amant contentive, idest conservative. Ergo amor non est passio
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1573 laesiva, sed magis conservativa et perfectiva.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1574 <p title="I-II q. 28 a. 5 co."><a name="34739"><span class=
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1575 "ref">[34739] I&ordf;-IIae q. 28 a. 5 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1576 dicendum quod, sicut supra dictum est, amor significat coaptationem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1577 quandam appetitivae virtutis ad aliquod bonum. Nihil autem quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1578 coaptatur ad aliquid quod est sibi conveniens, ex hoc ipso
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1579 laeditur, sed magis, si sit possibile, proficit et melioratur. Quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1580 vero coaptatur ad aliquid quod non est sibi conveniens, ex hoc ipso
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1581 laeditur et deterioratur. Amor ergo boni convenientis est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1582 perfectivus et meliorativus amantis, amor autem boni quod non est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1583 conveniens amanti, est laesivus et deteriorativus amantis. Unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1584 maxime homo perficitur et melioratur per amorem Dei, laeditur autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1585 et deterioratur per amorem peccati, secundum illud Osee IX,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1586 <i>facti sunt abominabiles, sicut ea quae dilexerunt</i>. Et hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1587 quidem dictum sit de amore, quantum ad id quod est formale in ipso,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1588 quod est scilicet ex parte appetitus. Quantum vero ad id quod est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1589 materiale in passione amoris, quod est immutatio aliqua corporalis,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1590 accidit quod amor sit laesivus propter excessum immutationis, sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1591 accidit in sensu, et in omni actu virtutis animae qui exercetur per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1592 aliquam immutationem organi corporalis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1593 <p title="I-II q. 28 a. 5 ad 1"><a name="34740"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1594 "ref">[34740] I&ordf;-IIae q. 28 a. 5 ad 1</span></a> Ad ea vero
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1595 quae in contrarium obiiciuntur, dicendum quod amori attribui
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1596 possunt quatuor effectus proximi, scilicet liquefactio, fruitio,
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1597 languor et fervor. Inter quae primum est liquefactio, quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1598 opponitur congelationi. Ea enim quae sunt congelata, in seipsis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1599 constricta sunt, ut non possint de facili subintrationem alterius
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1600 pati. Ad amorem autem pertinet quod appetitus coaptetur ad quandam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1601 receptionem boni amati, prout amatum est in amante, sicut iam supra
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1602 dictum est. Unde cordis congelatio vel duritia est dispositio
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1603 repugnans amori. Sed liquefactio importat quandam mollificationem
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1604 cordis, qua exhibet se cor habile ut amatum in ipsum subintret. Si
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1605 ergo amatum fuerit praesens et habitum, causatur delectatio sive
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1606 fruitio. Si autem fuerit absens, consequuntur duae passiones,
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1607 scilicet tristitia de absentia, quae significatur per languorem
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1608 (unde et Tullius, in III de Tusculanis quaest., maxime tristitiam
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1609 aegritudinem nominat); et intensum desiderium de consecutione
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1610 amati, quod significatur per fervorem. Et isti quidem sunt effectus
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1611 amoris formaliter accepti, secundum habitudinem appetitivae
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1612 virtutis ad obiectum. Sed in passione amoris, consequuntur aliqui
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1613 effectus his proportionati, secundum immutationem organi.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1614 <br />
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1615 <div class="E">Articulus 6</div>
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1616 <p title="I-II q. 28 a. 6 arg. 1"><a name="34741"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1617 "ref">[34741] I&ordf;-IIae q. 28 a. 6 arg. 1</span></a> Ad sextum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1618 sic proceditur. Videtur quod amans non agat omnia ex amore. Amor
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1619 enim quaedam passio est, ut supra dictum est. Sed non omnia quae
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1620 agit homo, agit ex passione, sed quaedam agit ex electione, et
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1621 quaedam ex ignorantia, ut dicitur in V Ethic. Ergo non omnia quae
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1622 homo agit, agit ex amore.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1623 <p title="I-II q. 28 a. 6 arg. 2"><a name="34742"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1624 "ref">[34742] I&ordf;-IIae q. 28 a. 6 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1625 appetitus est principium motus et actionis in omnibus animalibus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1626 ut patet in III de anima. Si igitur omnia quae quis agit, agit ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1627 amore, aliae passiones appetitivae partis erunt superfluae.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1628 <p title="I-II q. 28 a. 6 arg. 3"><a name="34743"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1629 "ref">[34743] I&ordf;-IIae q. 28 a. 6 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1630 nihil causatur simul a contrariis causis. Sed quaedam fiunt ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1631 odio. Non ergo omnia sunt ex amore.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1632 <p title="I-II q. 28 a. 6 s. c."><a name="34744"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1633 "ref">[34744] I&ordf;-IIae q. 28 a. 6 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1634 est quod Dionysius dicit, IV cap. de Div. Nom., quod <i>propter
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1635 amorem boni omnia agunt quaecumque agunt</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1636 <p title="I-II q. 28 a. 6 co."><a name="34745"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1637 "ref">[34745] I&ordf;-IIae q. 28 a. 6 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1638 dicendum quod omne agens agit propter finem aliquem, ut supra
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1639 dictum est. Finis autem est bonum desideratum et amatum unicuique.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1640 Unde manifestum est quod omne agens, quodcumque sit, agit
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1641 quamcumque actionem ex aliquo amore.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1642 <p title="I-II q. 28 a. 6 ad 1"><a name="34746"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1643 "ref">[34746] I&ordf;-IIae q. 28 a. 6 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1644 ergo dicendum quod obiectio illa procedit de amore qui est passio
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1645 in appetitu sensitivo existens. Nos autem loquimur nunc de amore
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1646 communiter accepto, prout comprehendit sub se amorem
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1647 intellectualem, rationalem, animalem, naturalem, sic enim Dionysius
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1648 loquitur de amore in IV cap. de Div. Nom.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1649 <p title="I-II q. 28 a. 6 ad 2"><a name="34747"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1650 "ref">[34747] I&ordf;-IIae q. 28 a. 6 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1651 dicendum quod ex amore, sicut iam dictum est, causantur et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1652 desiderium et tristitia et delectatio, et per consequens omnes
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1653 aliae passiones. Unde omnis actio quae procedit ex quacumque
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1654 passione, procedit etiam ex amore, sicut ex prima causa. Unde non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1655 superfluunt aliae passiones, quae sunt causae proximae.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1656 <p title="I-II q. 28 a. 6 ad 3"><a name="34748"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1657 "ref">[34748] I&ordf;-IIae q. 28 a. 6 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1658 dicendum quod odium etiam ex amore causatur, sicut infra
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1659 dicetur.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1660 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1661 <div class="D">Quaestio 29</div>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1662 <div class="G">Prooemium</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1663 <p title="I-II q. 29 pr."><a name="34749"><span class="ref">[34749]
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1664 I&ordf;-IIae q. 29 pr.</span></a> Deinde considerandum est de odio.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1665 Et circa hoc quaeruntur sex. Primo, utrum causa et obiectum odii
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1666 sit malum. Secundo, utrum odium causetur ex amore. Tertio, utrum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1667 odium sit fortius quam amor. Quarto, utrum aliquis possit habere
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1668 odio seipsum. Quinto, utrum aliquis possit habere odio veritatem.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1669 Sexto, utrum aliquid possit haberi odio in universali.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1670 <br />
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1671 <div class="E">Articulus 1</div>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1672 <p title="I-II q. 29 a. 1 arg. 1"><a name="34750"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1673 "ref">[34750] I&ordf;-IIae q. 29 a. 1 arg. 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1674 sic proceditur. Videtur quod obiectum et causa odii non sit malum.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1675 Omne enim quod est, inquantum huiusmodi bonum est. Si igitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1676 obiectum odii sit malum, sequitur quod nulla res odio habeatur, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1677 solum defectus alicuius rei. Quod patet esse falsum.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1678 <p title="I-II q. 29 a. 1 arg. 2"><a name="34751"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1679 "ref">[34751] I&ordf;-IIae q. 29 a. 1 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1680 odire malum est laudabile, unde in laudem quorundam dicitur II
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1681 Machab. III, quod <i>leges optime custodiebantur, propter Oniae
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1682 pontificis pietatem, et animos odio habentes mala</i>. Si igitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1683 nihil oditur nisi malum, sequitur quod omne odium sit laudabile.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1684 Quod patet esse falsum.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1685 <p title="I-II q. 29 a. 1 arg. 3"><a name="34752"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1686 "ref">[34752] I&ordf;-IIae q. 29 a. 1 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1687 idem non est simul bonum et malum. Sed idem diversis est odibile et
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1688 amabile. Ergo odium non solum est mali, sed etiam boni.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1689 <p title="I-II q. 29 a. 1 s. c."><a name="34753"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1690 "ref">[34753] I&ordf;-IIae q. 29 a. 1 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1691 odium contrariatur amori. Sed obiectum amoris est bonum, ut supra
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1692 dictum est. Ergo obiectum odii est malum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1693 <p title="I-II q. 29 a. 1 co."><a name="34754"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1694 "ref">[34754] I&ordf;-IIae q. 29 a. 1 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1695 dicendum quod, cum appetitus naturalis derivetur ab aliqua
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1696 apprehensione, licet non coniuncta; eadem ratio videtur esse de
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1697 inclinatione appetitus naturalis, et appetitus animalis, qui
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1698 sequitur apprehensionem coniunctam, sicut supra dictum est. In
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1699 appetitu autem naturali hoc manifeste apparet, quod sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1700 unumquodque habet naturalem consonantiam vel aptitudinem ad id quod
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1701 sibi convenit, quae est amor naturalis; ita ad id quod est ei
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1702 repugnans et corruptivum, habet dissonantiam naturalem, quae est
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1703 odium naturale. Sic igitur et in appetitu animali, seu in
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1704 intellectivo, amor est consonantia quaedam appetitus ad id quod
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1705 apprehenditur ut conveniens, odium vero est dissonantia quaedam
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1706 appetitus ad id quod apprehenditur ut repugnans et nocivum. Sicut
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1707 autem omne conveniens, inquantum huiusmodi, habet rationem boni;
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1708 ita omne repugnans, inquantum huiusmodi, habet rationem mali. Et
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1709 ideo, sicut bonum est obiectum amoris, ita malum est obiectum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1710 odii.</p>
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diff changeset
1711 <p title="I-II q. 29 a. 1 ad 1"><a name="34755"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1712 "ref">[34755] I&ordf;-IIae q. 29 a. 1 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1713 ergo dicendum quod ens, inquantum ens, non habet rationem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1714 repugnantis, sed magis convenientis, quia omnia conveniunt in ente.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1715 Sed ens inquantum est hoc ens determinatum, habet rationem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1716 repugnantis ad aliquod ens determinatum. Et secundum hoc, unum ens
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1717 est odibile alteri, et est malum, etsi non in se, tamen per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1718 comparationem ad alterum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1719 <p title="I-II q. 29 a. 1 ad 2"><a name="34756"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1720 "ref">[34756] I&ordf;-IIae q. 29 a. 1 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1721 dicendum quod, sicut aliquid apprehenditur ut bonum, quod non est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1722 vere bonum; ita aliquid apprehenditur ut malum, quod non est vere
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1723 malum. Unde contingit quandoque nec odium mali, nec amorem boni
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1724 esse bonum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1725 <p title="I-II q. 29 a. 1 ad 3"><a name="34757"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1726 "ref">[34757] I&ordf;-IIae q. 29 a. 1 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1727 dicendum quod contingit idem esse amabile et odibile diversis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1728 secundum appetitum quidem naturalem, ex hoc quod unum et idem est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1729 conveniens uni secundum suam naturam, et repugnans alteri, sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1730 calor convenit igni, et repugnat aquae. Secundum appetitum vero
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1731 animalem, ex hoc quod unum et idem apprehenditur ab uno sub ratione
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1732 boni, et ab alio sub ratione mali.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1733 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1734 <div class="E">Articulus 2</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1735 <p title="I-II q. 29 a. 2 arg. 1"><a name="34758"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1736 "ref">[34758] I&ordf;-IIae q. 29 a. 2 arg. 1</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1737 sic proceditur. Videtur quod amor non sit causa odii. <i>Ea enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1738 quae ex opposito dividuntur, naturaliter sunt simul</i>, ut dicitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1739 in praedicamentis. Sed amor et odium, cum sint contraria, ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1740 opposito dividuntur. Ergo naturaliter sunt simul. Non ergo amor est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1741 causa odii.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1742 <p title="I-II q. 29 a. 2 arg. 2"><a name="34759"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1743 "ref">[34759] I&ordf;-IIae q. 29 a. 2 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1744 unum contrariorum non est causa alterius. Sed amor et odium sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1745 contraria. Ergo amor non est causa odii.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1746 <p title="I-II q. 29 a. 2 arg. 3"><a name="34760"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1747 "ref">[34760] I&ordf;-IIae q. 29 a. 2 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1748 posterius non est causa prioris. Sed odium est prius amore, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1749 videtur, nam odium importat recessum a malo, amor vero accessum ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1750 bonum. Ergo amor non est causa odii.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1751 <p title="I-II q. 29 a. 2 s. c."><a name="34761"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1752 "ref">[34761] I&ordf;-IIae q. 29 a. 2 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1753 est quod dicit Augustinus, XIV de Civ. Dei, quod omnes affectiones
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1754 causantur ex amore. Ergo et odium, cum sit quaedam affectio animae,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1755 causatur ex amore.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1756 <p title="I-II q. 29 a. 2 co."><a name="34762"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1757 "ref">[34762] I&ordf;-IIae q. 29 a. 2 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1758 dicendum quod, sicut dictum est, amor consistit in quadam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1759 convenientia amantis ad amatum, odium vero consistit in quadam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1760 repugnantia vel dissonantia. Oportet autem in quolibet prius
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1761 considerare quid ei conveniat, quam quid ei repugnet, per hoc enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1762 aliquid est repugnans alteri, quia est corruptivum vel impeditivum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1763 eius quod est conveniens. Unde necesse est quod amor sit prior
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1764 odio; et quod nihil odio habeatur, nisi per hoc quod contrariatur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1765 convenienti quod amatur. Et secundum hoc, omne odium ex amore
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1766 causatur.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1767 <p title="I-II q. 29 a. 2 ad 1"><a name="34763"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1768 "ref">[34763] I&ordf;-IIae q. 29 a. 2 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1769 ergo dicendum quod in his quae ex opposito dividuntur, quaedam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1770 inveniuntur quae sunt naturaliter simul et secundum rem, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1771 secundum rationem, sicut duae species animalis, vel duae species
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1772 coloris. Quaedam vero sunt simul secundum rationem, sed unum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1773 realiter est prius altero et causa eius, sicut patet in speciebus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1774 numerorum, figurarum et motuum. Quaedam vero non sunt simul nec
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1775 secundum rem, nec secundum rationem, sicut substantia et accidens,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1776 nam substantia realiter est causa accidentis; et ens secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1777 rationem prius attribuitur substantiae quam accidenti, quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1778 accidenti non attribuitur nisi inquantum est in substantia. Amor
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1779 autem et odium naturaliter quidem sunt simul secundum rationem, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1780 non realiter. Unde nihil prohibet amorem esse causam odii.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1781 <p title="I-II q. 29 a. 2 ad 2"><a name="34764"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1782 "ref">[34764] I&ordf;-IIae q. 29 a. 2 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1783 dicendum quod amor et odium sunt contraria, quando accipiuntur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1784 circa idem. Sed quando sunt de contrariis, non sunt contraria, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1785 se invicem consequentia, eiusdem enim rationis est quod ametur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1786 aliquid, et odiatur eius contrarium. Et sic amor unius rei est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1787 causa quod eius contrarium odiatur.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1788 <p title="I-II q. 29 a. 2 ad 3"><a name="34765"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1789 "ref">[34765] I&ordf;-IIae q. 29 a. 2 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1790 dicendum quod in executione prius est recedere ab uno termino, quam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1791 accedere ad alterum terminum. Sed in intentione est e converso,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1792 propter hoc enim receditur ab uno termino, ut accedatur ad alterum.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1793 Motus autem appetitivus magis pertinet ad intentionem quam ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1794 executionem. Et ideo amor est prior odio, cum utrumque sit motus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1795 appetitivus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1796 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1797 <div class="E">Articulus 3</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1798 <p title="I-II q. 29 a. 3 arg. 1"><a name="34766"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1799 "ref">[34766] I&ordf;-IIae q. 29 a. 3 arg. 1</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1800 sic proceditur. Videtur quod odium sit fortius amore. Dicit enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1801 Augustinus, in libro octoginta trium quaest., <i>nemo est qui non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1802 magis dolorem fugiat, quam appetat voluptatem</i>. Sed fugere
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1803 dolorem pertinet ad odium, appetitus autem voluptatis pertinet ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1804 amorem. Ergo odium est fortius amore.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1805 <p title="I-II q. 29 a. 3 arg. 2"><a name="34767"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1806 "ref">[34767] I&ordf;-IIae q. 29 a. 3 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1807 debilius vincitur a fortiori. Sed amor vincitur ab odio, quando
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1808 scilicet amor convertitur in odium. Ergo odium est fortius
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1809 amore.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1810 <p title="I-II q. 29 a. 3 arg. 3"><a name="34768"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1811 "ref">[34768] I&ordf;-IIae q. 29 a. 3 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1812 affectio animae per effectum manifestatur. Sed fortius insistit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1813 homo ad repellendum odiosum, quam ad prosequendum amatum, sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1814 etiam bestiae abstinent a delectabilibus propter verbera, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1815 Augustinus introducit in libro octoginta trium quaest. Ergo odium
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1816 est fortius amore.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1817 <p title="I-II q. 29 a. 3 s. c."><a name="34769"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1818 "ref">[34769] I&ordf;-IIae q. 29 a. 3 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1819 bonum est fortius quam malum, quia malum non agit nisi virtute
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1820 boni, ut Dionysius dicit, cap. IV de Div. Nom. Sed odium et amor
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1821 differunt secundum differentiam boni et mali. Ergo amor est fortior
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1822 odio.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1823 <p title="I-II q. 29 a. 3 co."><a name="34770"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1824 "ref">[34770] I&ordf;-IIae q. 29 a. 3 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1825 dicendum quod impossibile est effectum sua causa esse fortiorem.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1826 Omne autem odium procedit ex aliquo amore sicut ex causa, ut supra
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1827 dictum est. Unde impossibile est quod odium sit fortius amore
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1828 simpliciter. Sed oportet ulterius quod amor, simpliciter loquendo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1829 sit odio fortior. Fortius enim movetur aliquid in finem, quam in ea
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1830 quae sunt ad finem. Recessus autem a malo ordinatur ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1831 consecutionem boni, sicut ad finem. Unde, simpliciter loquendo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1832 fortior est motus animae in bonum quam in malum. Sed tamen
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1833 aliquando videtur odium fortius amore, propter duo. Primo quidem,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1834 quia odium est magis sensibile quam amor. Cum enim sensus perceptio
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1835 sit in quadam immutatione, ex quo aliquid iam immutatum est, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1836 ita sentitur sicut quando est in ipso immutari. Unde calor febris
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1837 hecticae, quamvis sit maior, non tamen ita sentitur sicut calor
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1838 tertianae, quia calor hecticae iam versus est quasi in habitum et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1839 naturam. Propter hoc etiam, amor magis sentitur in absentia amati,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1840 sicut Augustinus dicit, in X de Trin., quod <i>amor non ita
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1841 sentitur, cum non prodit eum indigentia</i>. Et propter hoc etiam,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1842 repugnantia eius quod oditur, sensibilius percipitur quam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1843 convenientia eius quod amatur. Secundo, quia non comparatur odium
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1844 ad amorem sibi correspondentem. Secundum enim diversitatem bonorum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1845 est diversitas amorum in magnitudine et parvitate, quibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1846 proportionantur opposita odia. Unde odium quod correspondet maiori
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1847 amori, magis movet quam minor amor.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1848 <p title="I-II q. 29 a. 3 ad 1"><a name="34771"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1849 "ref">[34771] I&ordf;-IIae q. 29 a. 3 ad 1</span></a> Et per hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1850 patet responsio ad primum. Nam amor voluptatis est minor quam amor
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1851 conservationis sui ipsius, cui respondet fuga doloris. Et ideo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1852 magis fugitur dolor, quam ametur voluptas.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1853 <p title="I-II q. 29 a. 3 ad 2"><a name="34772"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1854 "ref">[34772] I&ordf;-IIae q. 29 a. 3 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1855 dicendum quod odium nunquam vinceret amorem, nisi propter maiorem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1856 amorem cui odium correspondet. Sicut homo magis diligit se quam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1857 amicum, et propter hoc quod diligit se, habet odio etiam amicum, si
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1858 sibi contrarietur.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1859 <p title="I-II q. 29 a. 3 ad 3"><a name="34773"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1860 "ref">[34773] I&ordf;-IIae q. 29 a. 3 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1861 dicendum quod ideo intensius aliquid operatur ad repellendum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1862 odiosa, quia odium est magis sensibile.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1863 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1864 <div class="E">Articulus 4</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1865 <p title="I-II q. 29 a. 4 arg. 1"><a name="34774"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1866 "ref">[34774] I&ordf;-IIae q. 29 a. 4 arg. 1</span></a> Ad quartum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1867 sic proceditur. Videtur quod aliquis possit seipsum odio habere.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1868 Dicitur enim in Psalmo X, <i>qui diligit iniquitatem, odit animam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1869 suam</i>. Sed multi diligunt iniquitatem. Ergo multi odiunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1870 seipsos.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1871 <p title="I-II q. 29 a. 4 arg. 2"><a name="34775"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1872 "ref">[34775] I&ordf;-IIae q. 29 a. 4 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1873 illum odimus, cui volumus et operamur malum. Sed quandoque aliquis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1874 vult et operatur sibi ipsi malum, puta qui interimunt seipsos. Ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1875 aliqui seipsos habent odio.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1876 <p title="I-II q. 29 a. 4 arg. 3"><a name="34776"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1877 "ref">[34776] I&ordf;-IIae q. 29 a. 4 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
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diff changeset
1878 Boetius dicit, in II de Consol., quod <i>avaritia facit homines
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diff changeset
1879 odiosos</i>, ex quo potest accipi quod omnis homo odit avarum. Sed
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diff changeset
1880 aliqui sunt avari. Ergo illi odiunt seipsos.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1881 <p title="I-II q. 29 a. 4 s. c."><a name="34777"><span class=
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diff changeset
1882 "ref">[34777] I&ordf;-IIae q. 29 a. 4 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
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diff changeset
1883 est quod apostolus dicit, ad Ephes. V, quod <i>nemo unquam carnem
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diff changeset
1884 suam odio habuit</i>.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1885 <p title="I-II q. 29 a. 4 co."><a name="34778"><span class=
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diff changeset
1886 "ref">[34778] I&ordf;-IIae q. 29 a. 4 co.</span></a> Respondeo
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diff changeset
1887 dicendum quod impossibile est quod aliquis, per se loquendo, odiat
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1888 seipsum. Naturaliter enim unumquodque appetit bonum, nec potest
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diff changeset
1889 aliquis aliquid sibi appetere nisi sub ratione boni, nam malum est
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1890 praeter voluntatem, ut Dionysius dicit, IV cap. de Div. Nom. Amare
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diff changeset
1891 autem aliquem est velle ei bonum, ut supra dictum est. Unde necesse
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diff changeset
1892 est quod aliquis amet seipsum; et impossibile est quod aliquis
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1893 odiat seipsum, per se loquendo. Per accidens tamen contingit quod
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diff changeset
1894 aliquis seipsum odio habeat. Et hoc dupliciter. Uno modo, ex parte
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diff changeset
1895 boni quod sibi aliquis vult. Accidit enim quandoque illud quod
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diff changeset
1896 appetitur ut secundum quid bonum, esse simpliciter malum, et
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diff changeset
1897 secundum hoc, aliquis per accidens vult sibi malum, quod est odire.
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diff changeset
1898 Alio modo, ex parte sui ipsius, cui vult bonum. Unumquodque enim
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diff changeset
1899 maxime est id quod est principalius in ipso, unde civitas dicitur
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diff changeset
1900 facere quod rex facit, quasi rex sit tota civitas. Manifestum est
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diff changeset
1901 ergo quod homo maxime est mens hominis. Contingit autem quod aliqui
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diff changeset
1902 aestimant se esse maxime illud quod sunt secundum naturam
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1903 corporalem et sensitivam. Unde amant se secundum id quod aestimant
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diff changeset
1904 se esse, sed odiunt id quod vere sunt, dum volunt contraria
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diff changeset
1905 rationi. Et utroque modo, ille qui diligit iniquitatem, odit non
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diff changeset
1906 solum animam suam, sed etiam seipsum.</p>
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diff changeset
1907 <p title="I-II q. 29 a. 4 ad 1"><a name="34779"><span class=
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diff changeset
1908 "ref">[34779] I&ordf;-IIae q. 29 a. 4 ad 1</span></a> Et per hoc
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diff changeset
1909 patet responsio ad primum.</p>
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diff changeset
1910 <p title="I-II q. 29 a. 4 ad 2"><a name="34780"><span class=
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diff changeset
1911 "ref">[34780] I&ordf;-IIae q. 29 a. 4 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
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diff changeset
1912 dicendum quod nullus sibi vult et facit malum, nisi inquantum
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diff changeset
1913 apprehendit illud sub ratione boni. Nam et illi qui interimunt
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diff changeset
1914 seipsos, hoc ipsum quod est mori, apprehendunt sub ratione boni,
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diff changeset
1915 inquantum est terminativum alicuius miseriae vel doloris.</p>
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diff changeset
1916 <p title="I-II q. 29 a. 4 ad 3"><a name="34781"><span class=
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diff changeset
1917 "ref">[34781] I&ordf;-IIae q. 29 a. 4 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
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1918 dicendum quod avarus odit aliquod accidens suum, non tamen propter
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1919 hoc odit seipsum, sicut aeger odit suam aegritudinem, ex hoc ipso
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1920 quod se amat. Vel dicendum quod avaritia odiosos facit aliis, non
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1921 autem sibi ipsi. Quinimmo causatur ex inordinato sui amore,
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diff changeset
1922 secundum quem de bonis temporalibus plus sibi aliquis vult quam
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1923 debeat.</p>
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diff changeset
1924 <br />
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diff changeset
1925 <div class="E">Articulus 5</div>
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diff changeset
1926 <p title="I-II q. 29 a. 5 arg. 1"><a name="34782"><span class=
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diff changeset
1927 "ref">[34782] I&ordf;-IIae q. 29 a. 5 arg. 1</span></a> Ad quintum
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diff changeset
1928 sic proceditur. Videtur quod aliquis non possit habere odio
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diff changeset
1929 veritatem. Bonum enim et ens et verum convertuntur. Sed aliquis non
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1930 potest habere odio bonitatem. Ergo nec veritatem.</p>
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diff changeset
1931 <p title="I-II q. 29 a. 5 arg. 2"><a name="34783"><span class=
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diff changeset
1932 "ref">[34783] I&ordf;-IIae q. 29 a. 5 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
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1933 omnes homines naturaliter scire desiderant, ut dicitur in principio
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1934 Metaphys. Sed scientia non est nisi verorum. Ergo veritas
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1935 naturaliter desideratur et amatur. Sed quod naturaliter inest,
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1936 semper inest. Nullus ergo potest habere odio veritatem.</p>
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diff changeset
1937 <p title="I-II q. 29 a. 5 arg. 3"><a name="34784"><span class=
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diff changeset
1938 "ref">[34784] I&ordf;-IIae q. 29 a. 5 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
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diff changeset
1939 philosophus dicit, in II Rhetoric., quod <i>homines amant non
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1940 fictos</i>. Sed non nisi propter veritatem. Ergo homo naturaliter
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1941 amat veritatem. Non potest ergo eam odio habere.</p>
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1942 <p title="I-II q. 29 a. 5 s. c."><a name="34785"><span class=
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diff changeset
1943 "ref">[34785] I&ordf;-IIae q. 29 a. 5 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
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1944 est quod apostolus dicit, ad Galat. IV, <i>factus sum vobis
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1945 inimicus, verum dicens vobis</i>.</p>
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1946 <p title="I-II q. 29 a. 5 co."><a name="34786"><span class=
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diff changeset
1947 "ref">[34786] I&ordf;-IIae q. 29 a. 5 co.</span></a> Respondeo
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diff changeset
1948 dicendum quod bonum et verum et ens sunt idem secundum rem, sed
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diff changeset
1949 differunt ratione. Bonum enim habet rationem appetibilis, non autem
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1950 ens vel verum, quia bonum est quod omnia appetunt. Et ideo bonum,
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1951 sub ratione boni, non potest odio haberi, nec in universali nec in
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1952 particulari. Ens autem et verum in universali quidem odio haberi
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1953 non possunt, quia dissonantia est causa odii, et convenientia causa
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1954 amoris; ens autem et verum sunt communia omnibus. Sed in
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1955 particulari nihil prohibet quoddam ens et quoddam verum odio
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1956 haberi, inquantum habet rationem contrarii et repugnantis,
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1957 contrarietas enim et repugnantia non adversatur rationi entis et
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1958 veri, sicut adversatur rationi boni. Contingit autem verum aliquod
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diff changeset
1959 particulare tripliciter repugnare vel contrariari bono amato. Uno
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1960 modo, secundum quod veritas est causaliter et originaliter in ipsis
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1961 rebus. Et sic homo quandoque odit aliquam veritatem, dum vellet non
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1962 esse verum quod est verum. Alio modo, secundum quod veritas est in
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1963 cognitione ipsius hominis, quae impedit ipsum a prosecutione amati.
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1964 Sicut si aliqui vellent non cognoscere veritatem fidei, ut libere
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1965 peccarent, ex quorum persona dicitur Iob XXI, <i>scientiam viarum
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1966 tuarum nolumus</i>. Tertio modo habetur odio veritas particularis,
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1967 tanquam repugnans, prout est in intellectu alterius. Puta, cum
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1968 aliquis vult latere in peccato, odit quod aliquis veritatem circa
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1969 peccatum suum cognoscat. Et secundum hoc dicit Augustinus, in X
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1970 Confess., quod <i>homines amant veritatem lucentem, oderunt eam
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1971 redarguentem</i>.</p>
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1972 <p title="I-II q. 29 a. 5 ad 1"><a name="34787"><span class=
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1973 "ref">[34787] I&ordf;-IIae q. 29 a. 5 ad 1</span></a> Et per hoc
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1974 patet responsio ad primum.</p>
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1975 <p title="I-II q. 29 a. 5 ad 2"><a name="34788"><span class=
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1976 "ref">[34788] I&ordf;-IIae q. 29 a. 5 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
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1977 dicendum quod cognoscere veritatem secundum se est amabile, propter
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1978 quod dicit Augustinus quod amant eam lucentem. Sed per accidens
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1979 cognitio veritatis potest esse odibilis, inquantum impedit ab
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1980 aliquo desiderato.</p>
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1981 <p title="I-II q. 29 a. 5 ad 3"><a name="34789"><span class=
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1982 "ref">[34789] I&ordf;-IIae q. 29 a. 5 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
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1983 dicendum quod ex hoc procedit quod non ficti amantur, quod homo
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1984 amat secundum se cognoscere veritatem, quam homines non ficti
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diff changeset
1985 manifestant.</p>
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1986 <br />
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1987 <div class="E">Articulus 6</div>
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1988 <p title="I-II q. 29 a. 6 arg. 1"><a name="34790"><span class=
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1989 "ref">[34790] I&ordf;-IIae q. 29 a. 6 arg. 1</span></a> Ad sextum
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diff changeset
1990 sic proceditur. Videtur quod odium non possit esse alicuius in
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1991 universali. Odium enim est passio appetitus sensitivi, qui movetur
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1992 ex sensibili apprehensione. Sed sensus non potest apprehendere
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1993 universale. Ergo odium non potest esse alicuius in universali.</p>
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diff changeset
1994 <p title="I-II q. 29 a. 6 arg. 2"><a name="34791"><span class=
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diff changeset
1995 "ref">[34791] I&ordf;-IIae q. 29 a. 6 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
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diff changeset
1996 odium causatur ex aliqua dissonantia; quae communitati repugnat.
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1997 Sed communitas est de ratione universalis. Ergo odium non potest
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1998 esse alicuius in universali.</p>
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diff changeset
1999 <p title="I-II q. 29 a. 6 arg. 3"><a name="34792"><span class=
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diff changeset
2000 "ref">[34792] I&ordf;-IIae q. 29 a. 6 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
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diff changeset
2001 obiectum odii est malum. Malum autem est in rebus, et non in mente,
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diff changeset
2002 ut dicitur in VI Metaphys. Cum ergo universale sit solum in mente,
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2003 quae abstrahit universale a particulari, videtur quod odium non
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2004 possit esse alicuius universalis.</p>
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diff changeset
2005 <p title="I-II q. 29 a. 6 s. c."><a name="34793"><span class=
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diff changeset
2006 "ref">[34793] I&ordf;-IIae q. 29 a. 6 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
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diff changeset
2007 est quod philosophus dicit, in II Rhetoric., quod <i>ira semper fit
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diff changeset
2008 inter singularia odium autem etiam ad genera, furem enim odit et
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2009 calumniatorem unusquisque</i>.</p>
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diff changeset
2010 <p title="I-II q. 29 a. 6 co."><a name="34794"><span class=
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diff changeset
2011 "ref">[34794] I&ordf;-IIae q. 29 a. 6 co.</span></a> Respondeo
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diff changeset
2012 dicendum quod de universali dupliciter contingit loqui, uno modo,
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2013 secundum quod subest intentioni universalitatis; alio autem modo,
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2014 de natura cui talis intentio attribuitur, alia est enim
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2015 consideratio hominis universalis, et alia hominis in eo quod homo.
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2016 Si igitur universale accipiatur primo modo, sic nulla potentia
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2017 sensitivae partis, neque apprehensiva neque appetitiva, ferri
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2018 potest in universale, quia universale fit per abstractionem a
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diff changeset
2019 materia individuali, in qua radicatur omnis virtus sensitiva.
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2020 Potest tamen aliqua potentia sensitiva, et apprehensiva et
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diff changeset
2021 appetitiva, ferri in aliquid universaliter. Sicut dicimus quod
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2022 obiectum visus est color secundum genus, non quia visus cognoscat
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diff changeset
2023 colorem universalem; sed quia quod color sit cognoscibilis a visu,
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diff changeset
2024 non convenit colori inquantum est hic color, sed inquantum est
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diff changeset
2025 color simpliciter. Sic ergo odium etiam sensitivae partis, potest
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diff changeset
2026 respicere aliquid in universali, quia ex natura communi aliquid
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diff changeset
2027 adversatur animali, et non solum ex eo quod est particularis, sicut
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diff changeset
2028 lupus ovi. Unde ovis odit lupum generaliter. Sed ira semper
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diff changeset
2029 causatur ex aliquo particulari, quia ex aliquo actu laedentis;
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diff changeset
2030 actus autem particularium sunt. Et propter hoc philosophus dicit
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diff changeset
2031 quod <i>ira semper est ad aliquid singulare; odium vero potest esse
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diff changeset
2032 ad aliquid in genere</i>. Sed odium secundum quod est in parte
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diff changeset
2033 intellectiva, cum consequatur apprehensionem universalem
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2034 intellectus, potest utroque modo esse respectu universalis.</p>
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2035 <p title="I-II q. 29 a. 6 ad 1"><a name="34795"><span class=
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2036 "ref">[34795] I&ordf;-IIae q. 29 a. 6 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
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diff changeset
2037 ergo dicendum quod sensus non apprehendit universale, prout est
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diff changeset
2038 universale, apprehendit tamen aliquid cui per abstractionem accidit
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diff changeset
2039 universalitas.</p>
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diff changeset
2040 <p title="I-II q. 29 a. 6 ad 2"><a name="34796"><span class=
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diff changeset
2041 "ref">[34796] I&ordf;-IIae q. 29 a. 6 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
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diff changeset
2042 dicendum quod id quod commune est omnibus, non potest esse ratio
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2043 odii. Sed nihil prohibet aliquid esse commune multis, quod tamen
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2044 dissonat ab aliis, et sic est eis odiosum.</p>
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diff changeset
2045 <p title="I-II q. 29 a. 6 ad 3"><a name="34797"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2046 "ref">[34797] I&ordf;-IIae q. 29 a. 6 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2047 dicendum quod illa obiectio procedit de universali secundum quod
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2048 substat intentioni universalitatis, sic enim non cadit sub
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2049 apprehensione vel appetitu sensitivo.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2050 <br />
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2051 <div class="D">Quaestio 30</div>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2052 <div class="G">Prooemium</div>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2053 <p title="I-II q. 30 pr."><a name="34798"><span class="ref">[34798]
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2054 I&ordf;-IIae q. 30 pr.</span></a> Deinde considerandum est de
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2055 concupiscentia. Et circa hoc quaeruntur quatuor. Primo, utrum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2056 concupiscentia sit in appetitu sensitivo tantum. Secundo, utrum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2057 concupiscentia sit passio specialis. Tertio, utrum sint aliquae
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2058 concupiscentiae naturales, et aliquae non naturales. Quarto, utrum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2059 concupiscentia sit infinita.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2060 <br />
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2061 <div class="E">Articulus 1</div>
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2062 <p title="I-II q. 30 a. 1 arg. 1"><a name="34799"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2063 "ref">[34799] I&ordf;-IIae q. 30 a. 1 arg. 1</span></a> Ad primum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2064 sic proceditur. Videtur quod concupiscentia non solum sit in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2065 appetitu sensitivo. Est enim quaedam concupiscentia sapientiae, ut
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2066 dicitur Sap. VI, <i>concupiscentia sapientiae deducit ad regnum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2067 perpetuum</i>. Sed appetitus sensitivus non potest ferri in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2068 sapientiam. Ergo concupiscentia non est in solo appetitu
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2069 sensitivo.</p>
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2070 <p title="I-II q. 30 a. 1 arg. 2"><a name="34800"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2071 "ref">[34800] I&ordf;-IIae q. 30 a. 1 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2072 desiderium mandatorum Dei non est in appetitu sensitivo, immo
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2073 apostolus dicit, Rom. VII, <i>non habitat in me, hoc est in carne
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2074 mea, bonum</i>. Sed desiderium mandatorum Dei sub concupiscentia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2075 cadit, secundum illud Psalmi CXVIII, <i>concupivit anima mea
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2076 desiderare iustificationes tuas</i>. Ergo concupiscentia non est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2077 solum in appetitu sensitivo.</p>
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2078 <p title="I-II q. 30 a. 1 arg. 3"><a name="34801"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2079 "ref">[34801] I&ordf;-IIae q. 30 a. 1 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2080 cuilibet potentiae est concupiscibile proprium bonum. Ergo
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2081 concupiscentia est in qualibet potentiae animae, et non solum in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2082 appetitu sensitivo.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2083 <p title="I-II q. 30 a. 1 s. c."><a name="34802"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2084 "ref">[34802] I&ordf;-IIae q. 30 a. 1 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2085 est quod Damascenus dicit, quod <i>irrationale obediens et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2086 persuasibile rationi, dividitur in concupiscentiam et iram. Haec
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2087 autem est irrationalis pars animae, passiva et appetitiva</i>. Ergo
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2088 concupiscentia est in appetitu sensitivo.</p>
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2089 <p title="I-II q. 30 a. 1 co."><a name="34803"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2090 "ref">[34803] I&ordf;-IIae q. 30 a. 1 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2091 dicendum quod, sicut philosophus dicit in I Rhetoric.,
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2092 <i>concupiscentia est appetitus delectabilis</i>. Est autem duplex
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2093 delectatio, ut infra dicetur, una quae est in bono intelligibili,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2094 quod est bonum rationis; alia quae est in bono secundum sensum.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2095 Prima quidem delectatio videtur esse animae tantum. Secunda autem
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2096 est animae et corporis, quia sensus est virtus in organo corporeo;
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2097 unde et bonum secundum sensum est bonum totius coniuncti. Talis
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2098 autem delectationis appetitus videtur esse concupiscentia, quae
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2099 simul pertineat et ad animam et ad corpus, ut ipsum nomen
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2100 concupiscentiae sonat. Unde concupiscentia, proprie loquendo, est
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2101 in appetitu sensitivo; et in vi concupiscibili, quae ab ea
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2102 denominatur.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2103 <p title="I-II q. 30 a. 1 ad 1"><a name="34804"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2104 "ref">[34804] I&ordf;-IIae q. 30 a. 1 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2105 ergo dicendum quod appetitus sapientiae, vel aliorum spiritualium
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2106 bonorum, interdum concupiscentia nominatur, vel propter
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2107 similitudinem quandam, vel propter intensionem appetitus superioris
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2108 partis, ex quo fit redundantia in inferiorem appetitum, ut simul
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2109 etiam ipse inferior appetitus suo modo tendat in spirituale bonum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2110 consequens appetitum superiorem, et etiam ipsum corpus
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2111 spiritualibus deserviat; sicut in Psalmo LXXXIII, dicitur, <i>cor
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2112 meum et caro mea exultaverunt in Deum vivum</i>.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2113 <p title="I-II q. 30 a. 1 ad 2"><a name="34805"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2114 "ref">[34805] I&ordf;-IIae q. 30 a. 1 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2115 dicendum quod desiderium magis pertinere potest, proprie loquendo,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2116 non solum ad inferiorem appetitum, sed etiam ad superiorem. Non
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2117 enim importat aliquam consociationem in cupiendo, sicut
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2118 concupiscentia; sed simplicem motum in rem desideratam.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2119 <p title="I-II q. 30 a. 1 ad 3"><a name="34806"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2120 "ref">[34806] I&ordf;-IIae q. 30 a. 1 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2121 dicendum quod unicuique potentiae animae competit appetere proprium
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2122 bonum appetitu naturali, qui non sequitur apprehensionem. Sed
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2123 appetere bonum appetitu animali, qui sequitur apprehensionem,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2124 pertinet solum ad vim appetitivam. Appetere autem aliquid sub
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2125 ratione boni delectabilis secundum sensum, quod proprie est
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2126 concupiscere, pertinet ad vim concupiscibilem.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2127 <br />
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2128 <div class="E">Articulus 2</div>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2129 <p title="I-II q. 30 a. 2 arg. 1"><a name="34807"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2130 "ref">[34807] I&ordf;-IIae q. 30 a. 2 arg. 1</span></a> Ad secundum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2131 sic proceditur. Videtur quod concupiscentia non sit passio
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2132 specialis potentiae concupiscibilis. Passiones enim distinguuntur
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2133 secundum obiecta. Sed obiectum concupiscibilis est delectabile
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2134 secundum sensum; quod etiam est obiectum concupiscentiae, secundum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2135 philosophum, in I Rhetoric. Ergo concupiscentia non est passio
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2136 specialis in concupiscibili.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2137 <p title="I-II q. 30 a. 2 arg. 2"><a name="34808"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2138 "ref">[34808] I&ordf;-IIae q. 30 a. 2 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2139 Augustinus dicit, in libro octoginta trium quaest., quod
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diff changeset
2140 <i>cupiditas est amor rerum transeuntium</i>, et sic ab amore non
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2141 distinguitur. Omnes autem passiones speciales ab invicem
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2142 distinguuntur. Ergo concupiscentia non est passio specialis in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2143 concupiscibili.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2144 <p title="I-II q. 30 a. 2 arg. 3"><a name="34809"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2145 "ref">[34809] I&ordf;-IIae q. 30 a. 2 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2146 cuilibet passioni concupiscibilis opponitur aliqua passio specialis
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2147 in concupiscibili, ut supra dictum est. Sed concupiscentiae non
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2148 opponitur aliqua passio specialis in concupiscibili. Dicit enim
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2149 Damascenus quod <i>expectatum bonum concupiscentiam constituit,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2150 praesens vero laetitiam, similiter expectatum malum timorem,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2151 praesens vero tristitiam</i>, ex quo videtur quod, sicut tristitia
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2152 contrariatur laetitiae, ita timor contrariatur concupiscentiae.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2153 Timor autem non est in concupiscibili, sed in irascibili. Non ergo
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2154 concupiscentia est specialis passio in concupiscibili.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2155 <p title="I-II q. 30 a. 2 s. c."><a name="34810"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2156 "ref">[34810] I&ordf;-IIae q. 30 a. 2 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
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diff changeset
2157 est quod concupiscentia causatur ab amore, et tendit in
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2158 delectationem, quae sunt passiones concupiscibilis. Et sic
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2159 distinguitur ab aliis passionibus concupiscibilis, tanquam passio
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2160 specialis.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2161 <p title="I-II q. 30 a. 2 co."><a name="34811"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2162 "ref">[34811] I&ordf;-IIae q. 30 a. 2 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2163 dicendum quod, sicut dictum est, bonum delectabile secundum sensum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2164 est communiter obiectum concupiscibilis. Unde secundum eius
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2165 differentias, diversae passiones concupiscibilis distinguuntur.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2166 Diversitas autem obiecti potest attendi vel secundum naturam ipsius
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2167 obiecti, vel secundum diversitatem in virtute agendi. Diversitas
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2168 quidem obiecti activi quae est secundum rei naturam, facit
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2169 materialem differentiam passionum. Sed diversitas quae est secundum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2170 virtutem activam, facit formalem differentiam passionum, secundum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2171 quam passiones specie differunt. Est autem alia ratio virtutis
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2172 motivae ipsius finis vel boni, secundum quod est realiter praesens,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2173 et secundum quod est absens, nam secundum quod est praesens, facit
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2174 in seipso quiescere; secundum autem quod est absens, facit ad
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2175 seipsum moveri. Unde ipsum delectabile secundum sensum, inquantum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2176 appetitum sibi adaptat quodammodo et conformat, causat amorem;
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2177 inquantum vero absens attrahit ad seipsum, causat concupiscentiam;
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diff changeset
2178 inquantum vero praesens quietat in seipso, causat delectationem.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2179 Sic ergo concupiscentia est passio differens specie et ab amore et
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2180 a delectatione. Sed concupiscere hoc delectabile vel illud, facit
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2181 concupiscentias diversas numero.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2182 <p title="I-II q. 30 a. 2 ad 1"><a name="34812"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2183 "ref">[34812] I&ordf;-IIae q. 30 a. 2 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2184 ergo dicendum quod bonum delectabile non est absolute obiectum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2185 concupiscentiae, sed sub ratione absentis, sicut et sensibile sub
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2186 ratione praeteriti, est obiectum memoriae. Huiusmodi enim
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2187 particulares conditiones diversificant speciem passionum, vel etiam
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2188 potentiarum sensitivae partis, quae respicit particularia.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2189 <p title="I-II q. 30 a. 2 ad 2"><a name="34813"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2190 "ref">[34813] I&ordf;-IIae q. 30 a. 2 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2191 dicendum quod illa praedicatio est per causam, non per essentiam,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2192 non enim cupiditas est per se amor, sed amoris effectus, vel aliter
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2193 dicendum, quod Augustinus accipit cupiditatem large pro quolibet
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2194 motu appetitus qui potest esse respectu boni futuri. Unde
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2195 comprehendit sub se et amorem et spem.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2196 <p title="I-II q. 30 a. 2 ad 3"><a name="34814"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2197 "ref">[34814] I&ordf;-IIae q. 30 a. 2 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2198 dicendum quod passio quae directe opponitur concupiscentiae,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2199 innominata est, quae ita se habet ad malum, sicut concupiscentia ad
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2200 bonum. Sed quia est mali absentis sicut et timor, quandoque loco
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2201 eius ponitur timor, sicut et quandoque cupiditas loco spei. Quod
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diff changeset
2202 enim est parvum bonum vel malum, quasi non reputatur, et ideo pro
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2203 omni motu appetitus in bonum vel in malum futurum, ponitur spes et
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2204 timor, quae respiciunt bonum vel malum arduum.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2205 <br />
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diff changeset
2206 <div class="E">Articulus 3</div>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2207 <p title="I-II q. 30 a. 3 arg. 1"><a name="34815"><span class=
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diff changeset
2208 "ref">[34815] I&ordf;-IIae q. 30 a. 3 arg. 1</span></a> Ad tertium
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2209 sic proceditur. Videtur quod concupiscentiarum non sint quaedam
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2210 naturales, et quaedam non naturales. Concupiscentia enim pertinet
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2211 ad appetitum animalem, ut dictum est. Sed appetitus naturalis
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diff changeset
2212 dividitur contra animalem. Ergo nulla concupiscentia est
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2213 naturalis.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2214 <p title="I-II q. 30 a. 3 arg. 2"><a name="34816"><span class=
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diff changeset
2215 "ref">[34816] I&ordf;-IIae q. 30 a. 3 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2216 diversitas materialis non facit diversitatem secundum speciem, sed
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2217 solum secundum numerum, quae quidem diversitas sub arte non cadit.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2218 Sed si quae sint concupiscentiae naturales et non naturales, non
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diff changeset
2219 differunt nisi secundum diversa concupiscibilia, quod facit
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2220 materialem differentiam, et secundum numerum tantum. Non ergo
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2221 dividendae sunt concupiscentiae per naturales et non naturales.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2222 <p title="I-II q. 30 a. 3 arg. 3"><a name="34817"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2223 "ref">[34817] I&ordf;-IIae q. 30 a. 3 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2224 ratio contra naturam dividitur, ut patet in II Physic. Si igitur in
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2225 homine est aliqua concupiscentia non naturalis, oportet quod sit
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2226 rationalis. Sed hoc esse non potest, quia concupiscentia cum sit
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2227 passio quaedam, pertinet ad appetitum sensitivum, non autem ad
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2228 voluntatem, quae est appetitus rationis. Non ergo sunt
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2229 concupiscentiae aliquae non naturales.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2230 <p title="I-II q. 30 a. 3 s. c."><a name="34818"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2231 "ref">[34818] I&ordf;-IIae q. 30 a. 3 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2232 est quod philosophus, in III Ethic. et in I Rhetoric., ponit
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2233 quasdam concupiscentias naturales, et quasdam non naturales.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2234 <p title="I-II q. 30 a. 3 co."><a name="34819"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2235 "ref">[34819] I&ordf;-IIae q. 30 a. 3 co.</span></a> Respondeo
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2236 dicendum quod, sicut dictum est, concupiscentia est appetitus boni
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2237 delectabilis. Dupliciter autem aliquid est delectabile. Uno modo,
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diff changeset
2238 quia est conveniens naturae animalis, sicut cibus, potus, et alia
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2239 huiusmodi. Et huiusmodi concupiscentia delectabilis dicitur
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2240 naturalis. Alio modo aliquid est delectabile, quia est conveniens
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2241 animali secundum apprehensionem, sicut cum aliquis apprehendit
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2242 aliquid ut bonum et conveniens, et per consequens delectatur in
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2243 ipso. Et huiusmodi delectabilis concupiscentia dicitur non
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2244 naturalis, et solet magis dici cupiditas. Primae ergo
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2245 concupiscentiae, naturales, communes sunt et hominibus et aliis
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2246 animalibus, quia utrisque est aliquid conveniens et delectabile
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2247 secundum naturam. Et in his etiam omnes homines conveniunt, unde et
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2248 philosophus, in III Ethic., vocat eas communes et necessarias. Sed
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2249 secundae concupiscentiae sunt propriae hominum, quorum proprium est
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2250 excogitare aliquid ut bonum et conveniens, praeter id quod natura
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2251 requirit. Unde et in I Rhetoric., philosophus dicit primas
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2252 concupiscentias esse irrationales, secundas vero cum ratione. Et
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diff changeset
2253 quia diversi diversimode ratiocinantur, ideo etiam secundae
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2254 dicuntur, in III Ethic., propriae et appositae, scilicet supra
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diff changeset
2255 naturales.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2256 <p title="I-II q. 30 a. 3 ad 1"><a name="34820"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2257 "ref">[34820] I&ordf;-IIae q. 30 a. 3 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
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diff changeset
2258 ergo dicendum quod illud idem quod appetitur appetitu naturali,
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diff changeset
2259 potest appeti appetitu animali cum fuerit apprehensum. Et secundum
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diff changeset
2260 hoc cibi et potus et huiusmodi, quae appetuntur naturaliter, potest
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diff changeset
2261 esse concupiscentia naturalis.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2262 <p title="I-II q. 30 a. 3 ad 2"><a name="34821"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2263 "ref">[34821] I&ordf;-IIae q. 30 a. 3 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2264 dicendum quod diversitas concupiscentiarum naturalium a non
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diff changeset
2265 naturalibus, non est materialis tantum; sed etiam quodammodo
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2266 formalis, inquantum procedit ex diversitate obiecti activi.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2267 Obiectum autem appetitus est bonum apprehensum. Unde ad
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2268 diversitatem activi pertinet diversitas apprehensionis, prout
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2269 scilicet apprehenditur aliquid ut conveniens absoluta
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2270 apprehensione, ex qua causantur concupiscentiae naturales, quas
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2271 philosophus in Rhetoric. vocat irrationales; et prout apprehenditur
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2272 aliquid cum deliberatione, ex quo causantur concupiscentiae non
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2273 naturales, quae propter hoc in Rhetoric. dicuntur cum ratione.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2274 <p title="I-II q. 30 a. 3 ad 3"><a name="34822"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2275 "ref">[34822] I&ordf;-IIae q. 30 a. 3 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2276 dicendum quod in homine non solum est ratio universalis, quae
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2277 pertinet ad partem intellectivam; sed etiam ratio particularis,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2278 quae pertinet ad partem sensitivam, ut in primo libro dictum est.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2279 Et secundum hoc, etiam concupiscentia quae est cum ratione, potest
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2280 ad appetitum sensitivum pertinere. Et praeterea appetitus
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2281 sensitivus potest etiam a ratione universali moveri, mediante
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2282 imaginatione particulari.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2283 <br />
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2284 <div class="E">Articulus 4</div>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2285 <p title="I-II q. 30 a. 4 arg. 1"><a name="34823"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2286 "ref">[34823] I&ordf;-IIae q. 30 a. 4 arg. 1</span></a> Ad quartum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2287 sic proceditur. Videtur quod concupiscentia non sit infinita.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2288 Obiectum enim concupiscentiae est bonum; quod habet rationem finis.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2289 Qui autem ponit infinitum, excludit finem, ut dicitur in II
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2290 Metaphys. Concupiscentia ergo non potest esse infinita.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2291 <p title="I-II q. 30 a. 4 arg. 2"><a name="34824"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2292 "ref">[34824] I&ordf;-IIae q. 30 a. 4 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2293 concupiscentia est boni convenientis, cum procedat ex amore. Sed
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2294 infinitum, cum sit improportionatum, non potest esse conveniens.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2295 Ergo concupiscentia non potest esse infinita.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2296 <p title="I-II q. 30 a. 4 arg. 3"><a name="34825"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2297 "ref">[34825] I&ordf;-IIae q. 30 a. 4 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
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diff changeset
2298 infinita non est transire, et sic in eis non est pervenire ad
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diff changeset
2299 ultimum. Sed concupiscenti fit delectatio per hoc quod attingit ad
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diff changeset
2300 ultimum. Ergo si concupiscentia esset infinita, sequeretur quod
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diff changeset
2301 nunquam fieret delectatio.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2302 <p title="I-II q. 30 a. 4 s. c."><a name="34826"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2303 "ref">[34826] I&ordf;-IIae q. 30 a. 4 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2304 est quod philosophus dicit, in I Polit., quod, in infinitum
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diff changeset
2305 concupiscentia existente homines infinita desiderant.</p>
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diff changeset
2306 <p title="I-II q. 30 a. 4 co."><a name="34827"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2307 "ref">[34827] I&ordf;-IIae q. 30 a. 4 co.</span></a> Respondeo
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2308 dicendum quod, sicut dictum est, duplex est concupiscentia, una
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diff changeset
2309 naturalis, et alia non naturalis. Naturalis quidem igitur
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2310 concupiscentia non potest esse infinita in actu. Est enim eius quod
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2311 natura requirit, natura vero semper intendit in aliquid finitum et
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diff changeset
2312 certum. Unde nunquam homo concupiscit infinitum cibum, vel
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diff changeset
2313 infinitum potum. Sed sicut in natura contingit esse infinitum in
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2314 potentia per successionem, ita huiusmodi concupiscentiam contingit
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2315 infinitam esse per successionem; ut scilicet, post adeptum cibum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2316 iterum alia vice desideret cibum, vel quodcumque aliud quod natura
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2317 requirit, quia huiusmodi corporalia bona, cum adveniunt, non
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diff changeset
2318 perpetuo manent, sed deficiunt. Unde dixit dominus Samaritanae,
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diff changeset
2319 Ioan. IV, <i>qui biberit ex hac aqua, sitiet iterum</i>. Sed
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diff changeset
2320 concupiscentia non naturalis omnino est infinita. Sequitur enim
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2321 rationem, ut dictum est, rationi autem competit in infinitum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2322 procedere. Unde qui concupiscit divitias, potest eas concupiscere,
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diff changeset
2323 non ad aliquem certum terminum, sed simpliciter se divitem esse,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2324 quantumcumque potest. Potest et alia ratio assignari, secundum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2325 philosophum in I Polit., quare quaedam concupiscentia sit finita,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2326 et quaedam infinita. Semper enim concupiscentia finis est infinita,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2327 finis enim per se concupiscitur, ut sanitas; unde maior sanitas
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2328 magis concupiscitur, et sic in infinitum; sicut, si album per se
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2329 disgregat, magis album magis disgregat. Concupiscentia vero eius
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2330 quod est ad finem, non est infinita, sed secundum illam mensuram
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2331 appetitur qua convenit fini. Unde qui finem ponunt in divitiis,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2332 habent concupiscentiam divitiarum in infinitum, qui autem divitias
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2333 appetunt propter necessitatem vitae, concupiscunt divitias finitas,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2334 sufficientes ad necessitatem vitae, ut philosophus dicit ibidem. Et
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2335 eadem est ratio de concupiscentia, quarumcumque aliarum rerum.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2336 <p title="I-II q. 30 a. 4 ad 1"><a name="34828"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2337 "ref">[34828] I&ordf;-IIae q. 30 a. 4 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2338 ergo dicendum quod omne quod concupiscitur, accipitur ut quoddam
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2339 finitum, vel quia est finitum secundum rem, prout semel
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2340 concupiscitur in actu; vel quia est finitum secundum quod cadit sub
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2341 apprehensione. Non enim potest sub ratione infiniti apprehendi,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2342 <i>quia infinitum est, cuius quantitatem accipientibus, semper est
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2343 aliquid extra sumere</i>, ut dicitur in III Physic.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2344 <p title="I-II q. 30 a. 4 ad 2"><a name="34829"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2345 "ref">[34829] I&ordf;-IIae q. 30 a. 4 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2346 dicendum quod ratio quodammodo est virtutis infinitae inquantum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2347 potest in infinitum aliquid considerare, ut apparet in additione
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2348 numerorum et linearum. Unde infinitum aliquo modo sumptum, est
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2349 proportionatum rationi. Nam et universale, quod ratio apprehendit,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2350 est quodammodo infinitum, inquantum in potentia continet infinita
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2351 singularia.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2352 <p title="I-II q. 30 a. 4 ad 3"><a name="34830"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2353 "ref">[34830] I&ordf;-IIae q. 30 a. 4 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2354 dicendum quod ad hoc quod aliquis delectetur, non requiritur quod
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2355 omnia consequatur quae concupiscit, sed in quolibet concupito quod
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2356 consequitur, delectatur.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2357 <br />
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2358 <div class="D">Quaestio 31</div>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2359 <div class="G">Prooemium</div>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2360 <p title="I-II q. 31 pr."><a name="34831"><span class="ref">[34831]
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2361 I&ordf;-IIae q. 31 pr.</span></a> Deinde considerandum est de
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2362 delectatione et tristitia. Circa delectationem vero consideranda
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2363 sunt quatuor, primo, de ipsa delectatione secundum se; secundo, de
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2364 causis delectationis; tertio, de effectibus eius; quarto, de
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2365 bonitate et malitia ipsius. Circa primum quaeruntur octo. Primo,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2366 utrum delectatio sit passio. Secundo, utrum sit in tempore. Tertio,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2367 utrum differat a gaudio. Quarto, utrum sit in appetitu
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2368 intellectivo. Quinto, de comparatione delectationum superioris
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2369 appetitus, ad delectationem inferioris. Sexto, de comparatione
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2370 delectationum sensitivarum ad invicem. Septimo, utrum sit aliqua
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2371 delectatio non naturalis. Octavo, utrum delectatio possit esse
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2372 contraria delectationi.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2373 <br />
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2374 <div class="E">Articulus 1</div>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2375 <p title="I-II q. 31 a. 1 arg. 1"><a name="34832"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2376 "ref">[34832] I&ordf;-IIae q. 31 a. 1 arg. 1</span></a> Ad primum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2377 sic proceditur. Videtur quod delectatio non sit passio. Damascenus
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2378 enim, in II libro, distinguit operationem a passione, dicens quod
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2379 <i>operatio est motus qui est secundum naturam, passio vero est
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2380 motus contra naturam</i>. Sed delectatio est operatio, ut
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2381 philosophus dicit, in VII et X Ethic. Ergo delectatio non est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2382 passio.</p>
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2383 <p title="I-II q. 31 a. 1 arg. 2"><a name="34833"><span class=
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2384 "ref">[34833] I&ordf;-IIae q. 31 a. 1 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2385 pati est moveri, ut dicitur in III Physic. Sed delectatio non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2386 consistit in moveri, sed in motum esse, causatur enim delectatio ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2387 bono iam adepto. Ergo delectatio non est passio.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2388 <p title="I-II q. 31 a. 1 arg. 3"><a name="34834"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2389 "ref">[34834] I&ordf;-IIae q. 31 a. 1 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2390 delectatio consistit in quadam perfectione delectati, perficit enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2391 operationem, ut dicitur in X Ethic. Sed perfici non est pati vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2392 alterari, ut dicitur in VII Physic. et in II de anima. Ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2393 delectatio non est passio.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2394 <p title="I-II q. 31 a. 1 s. c."><a name="34835"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2395 "ref">[34835] I&ordf;-IIae q. 31 a. 1 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2396 est quod Augustinus, in IX et XIV de Civ. Dei, ponit delectationem,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2397 sive gaudium vel laetitiam, inter alias passiones animae.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2398 <p title="I-II q. 31 a. 1 co."><a name="34836"><span class=
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2399 "ref">[34836] I&ordf;-IIae q. 31 a. 1 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2400 dicendum quod motus appetitus sensitivi proprie passio nominatur,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2401 sicut supra dictum est. Affectio autem quaecumque ex apprehensione
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2402 sensitiva procedens, est motus appetitus sensitivi. Hoc autem
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2403 necesse est competere delectationi. Nam, sicut philosophus dicit in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2404 I Rhetoric., <i>delectatio est quidam motus animae, et constitutio
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2405 simul tota et sensibilis in naturam existentem</i>. Ad cuius
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2406 intellectum, considerandum est quod, sicut contingit in rebus
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2407 naturalibus aliqua consequi suas perfectiones naturales, ita hoc
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2408 contingit in animalibus. Et quamvis moveri ad perfectionem non sit
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2409 totum simul, tamen consequi naturalem perfectionem est totum simul.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2410 Haec autem est differentia inter animalia et alias res naturales,
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2411 quod aliae res naturales, quando constituuntur in id quod convenit
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2412 eis secundum naturam, hoc non sentiunt, sed animalia hoc sentiunt.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2413 Et ex isto sensu causatur quidam motus animae in appetitu
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2414 sensitivo, et iste motus est delectatio. Per hoc ergo quod dicitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2415 quod delectatio est motus animae, ponitur in genere. Per hoc autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2416 quod dicitur constitutio in existentem naturam, idest in id quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2417 existit in natura rei, ponitur causa delectationis, scilicet
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2418 praesentia connaturalis boni. Per hoc autem quod dicitur simul
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2419 tota, ostendit quod constitutio non debet accipi prout est in
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2420 constitui, sed prout est in constitutum esse, quasi in termino
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2421 motus, non enim delectatio est generatio, ut Plato posuit, sed
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2422 magis consistit in factum esse, ut dicitur in VII Ethic. Per hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2423 autem quod dicitur sensibilis, excluduntur perfectiones rerum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2424 insensibilium, in quibus non est delectatio. Sic ergo patet quod,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2425 cum delectatio sit motus in appetitu animali consequens
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2426 apprehensionem sensus, delectatio est passio animae.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2427 <p title="I-II q. 31 a. 1 ad 1"><a name="34837"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2428 "ref">[34837] I&ordf;-IIae q. 31 a. 1 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2429 ergo dicendum quod operatio connaturalis non impedita, est
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2430 perfectio secunda, ut habetur in II de anima. Et ideo, quando
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2431 constituitur res in propria operatione connaturali et non impedita,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2432 sequitur delectatio, quae consistit in perfectum esse, ut dictum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2433 est. Sic ergo cum dicitur quod delectatio est operatio, non est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2434 praedicatio per essentiam, sed per causam.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2435 <p title="I-II q. 31 a. 1 ad 2"><a name="34838"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2436 "ref">[34838] I&ordf;-IIae q. 31 a. 1 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2437 dicendum quod in animali duplex motus considerari potest, unus
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2438 secundum intentionem finis, qui pertinet ad appetitum, alius
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2439 secundum executionem, qui pertinet ad exteriorem operationem licet
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2440 ergo in eo qui iam consecutus est bonum in quo delectatur, cesset
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2441 motus executionis, quo tenditur ad finem; non tamen cessat motus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2442 appetitivae partis, quae, sicut prius desiderabat non habitum, ita
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2443 postea delectatur in habito. Licet enim delectatio sit quies
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2444 quaedam appetitus, considerata praesentia boni delectantis, quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2445 appetitui satisfacit; tamen adhuc remanet immutatio appetitus ab
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2446 appetibili, ratione cuius delectatio motus quidam est.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2447 <p title="I-II q. 31 a. 1 ad 3"><a name="34839"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2448 "ref">[34839] I&ordf;-IIae q. 31 a. 1 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2449 dicendum quod, quamvis nomen passionis magis proprie conveniat
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2450 passionibus corruptivis et in malum tendentibus, sicut sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2451 aegritudines corporales, et tristitia et timor in anima; tamen
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2452 etiam in bonum ordinantur aliquae passiones, ut supra dictum est.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2453 Et secundum hoc delectatio dicitur passio.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2454 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2455 <div class="E">Articulus 2</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2456 <p title="I-II q. 31 a. 2 arg. 1"><a name="34840"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2457 "ref">[34840] I&ordf;-IIae q. 31 a. 2 arg. 1</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2458 sic proceditur. Videtur quod delectatio sit in tempore. Delectatio
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2459 enim est motus quidam, ut in I Rhetoric. philosophus dicit. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2460 motus omnis est in tempore. Ergo delectatio est in tempore.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2461 <p title="I-II q. 31 a. 2 arg. 2"><a name="34841"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2462 "ref">[34841] I&ordf;-IIae q. 31 a. 2 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2463 diuturnum, vel morosum, dicitur aliquid secundum tempus. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2464 aliquae delectationes dicuntur morosae. Ergo delectatio est in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2465 tempore.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2466 <p title="I-II q. 31 a. 2 arg. 3"><a name="34842"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2467 "ref">[34842] I&ordf;-IIae q. 31 a. 2 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2468 passiones animae sunt unius generis. Sed aliquae passiones animae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2469 sunt in tempore. Ergo et delectatio.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2470 <p title="I-II q. 31 a. 2 s. c."><a name="34843"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2471 "ref">[34843] I&ordf;-IIae q. 31 a. 2 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2472 est quod philosophus dicit, in X Ethic., quod <i>secundum nullum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2473 tempus accipiet quis delectationem</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2474 <p title="I-II q. 31 a. 2 co."><a name="34844"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2475 "ref">[34844] I&ordf;-IIae q. 31 a. 2 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2476 dicendum quod aliquid contingit esse in tempore dupliciter, uno
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2477 modo, secundum se; alio modo, per aliud, et quasi per accidens.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2478 Quia enim tempus est numerus successivorum, illa secundum se
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2479 dicuntur esse in tempore, de quorum ratione est successio, vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2480 aliquid ad successionem pertinens, sicut motus, quies, locutio, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2481 alia huiusmodi. Secundum aliud vero, et non per se, dicuntur esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2482 in tempore illa de quorum ratione non est aliqua successio, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2483 tamen alicui successivo subiacent. Sicut esse hominem de sui
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2484 ratione non habet successionem, non enim est motus, sed terminus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2485 motus vel mutationis, scilicet generationis ipsius, sed quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2486 humanum esse subiacet causis transmutabilibus, secundum hoc esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2487 hominem est in tempore. Sic igitur dicendum est quod delectatio
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2488 secundum se quidem non est in tempore, est enim delectatio in bono
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2489 iam adepto, quod est quasi terminus motus. Sed si illud bonum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2490 adeptum transmutationi subiaceat, erit delectatio per accidens in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2491 tempore. Si autem sit omnino intransmutabile, delectatio non erit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2492 in tempore nec per se, nec per accidens.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2493 <p title="I-II q. 31 a. 2 ad 1"><a name="34845"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2494 "ref">[34845] I&ordf;-IIae q. 31 a. 2 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2495 ergo dicendum quod, sicut dicitur in III de anima, motus dupliciter
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2496 dicitur. Uno modo, qui est actus imperfecti, scilicet existentis in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2497 potentia, inquantum huiusmodi, et talis motus est successivus, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2498 in tempore. Alius autem motus est actus perfecti, idest existentis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2499 in actu; sicut intelligere, sentire et velle et huiusmodi, et etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2500 delectari. Et huiusmodi motus non est successivus, nec per se in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2501 tempore.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2502 <p title="I-II q. 31 a. 2 ad 2"><a name="34846"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2503 "ref">[34846] I&ordf;-IIae q. 31 a. 2 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2504 dicendum quod delectatio dicitur diuturna vel morosa, secundum quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2505 per accidens est in tempore.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2506 <p title="I-II q. 31 a. 2 ad 3"><a name="34847"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2507 "ref">[34847] I&ordf;-IIae q. 31 a. 2 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2508 dicendum quod aliae passiones non habent pro obiecto bonum adeptum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2509 sicut delectatio. Unde plus habent de ratione motus imperfecti,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2510 quam delectatio. Et per consequens magis delectationi convenit non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2511 esse in tempore.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2512 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2513 <div class="E">Articulus 3</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2514 <p title="I-II q. 31 a. 3 arg. 1"><a name="34848"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2515 "ref">[34848] I&ordf;-IIae q. 31 a. 3 arg. 1</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2516 sic proceditur. Videtur quod gaudium sit omnino idem quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2517 delectatio. Passiones enim animae differunt secundum obiecta. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2518 idem est obiectum gaudii et delectationis, scilicet bonum adeptum.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2519 Ergo gaudium est omnino idem quod delectatio.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2520 <p title="I-II q. 31 a. 3 arg. 2"><a name="34849"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2521 "ref">[34849] I&ordf;-IIae q. 31 a. 3 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2522 unus motus non terminatur ad duos terminos. Sed idem est motus qui
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2523 terminatur ad gaudium et delectationem, scilicet concupiscentia.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2524 Ergo delectatio et gaudium sunt omnino idem.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2525 <p title="I-II q. 31 a. 3 arg. 3"><a name="34850"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2526 "ref">[34850] I&ordf;-IIae q. 31 a. 3 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2527 si gaudium est aliud a delectatione, videtur quod, pari ratione, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2528 laetitia et exultatio et iucunditas significent aliquid aliud a
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2529 delectatione, et sic erunt omnes diversae passiones. Quod videtur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2530 esse falsum. Non ergo gaudium differt a delectatione.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2531 <p title="I-II q. 31 a. 3 s. c."><a name="34851"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2532 "ref">[34851] I&ordf;-IIae q. 31 a. 3 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2533 est quod in brutis animalibus non dicimus gaudium. Sed in eis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2534 dicimus delectationem. Non ergo est idem gaudium et delectatio.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2535 <p title="I-II q. 31 a. 3 co."><a name="34852"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2536 "ref">[34852] I&ordf;-IIae q. 31 a. 3 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2537 dicendum quod gaudium, ut Avicenna dicit in libro suo de anima, est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2538 quaedam species delectationis. Est enim considerandum quod, sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2539 sunt quaedam concupiscentiae naturales, quaedam autem non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2540 naturales, sed consequuntur rationem, ut supra dictum est; ita
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2541 etiam delectationum quaedam sunt naturales, et quaedam non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2542 naturales, quae sunt cum ratione. Vel, sicut Damascenus et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2543 Gregorius Nyssenus dicunt, quaedam sunt corporales, quaedam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2544 animales, quod in idem redit. Delectamur enim et in his quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2545 naturaliter concupiscimus, ea adipiscentes; et in his quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2546 concupiscimus secundum rationem. Sed nomen gaudii non habet locum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2547 nisi in delectatione quae consequitur rationem, unde gaudium non
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2548 attribuimus brutis animalibus, sed solum nomen delectationis. Omne
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2549 autem quod concupiscimus secundum naturam, possumus etiam cum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2550 delectatione rationis concupiscere, sed non e converso. Unde de
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2551 omnibus de quibus est delectatio, potest etiam esse gaudium in
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2552 habentibus rationem. Quamvis non semper de omnibus sit gaudium,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2553 quandoque enim aliquis sentit aliquam delectationem secundum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2554 corpus, de qua tamen non gaudet secundum rationem. Et secundum hoc,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2555 patet quod delectatio est in plus quam gaudium.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2556 <p title="I-II q. 31 a. 3 ad 1"><a name="34853"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2557 "ref">[34853] I&ordf;-IIae q. 31 a. 3 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2558 ergo dicendum quod, cum obiectum appetitus animalis sit bonum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2559 apprehensum, diversitas apprehensionis pertinet quodammodo ad
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2560 diversitatem obiecti. Et sic delectationes animales, quae dicuntur
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2561 etiam gaudia, distinguuntur a delectationibus corporalibus, quae
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2562 dicuntur solum delectationes, sicut et de concupiscentiis supra
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2563 dictum est.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2564 <p title="I-II q. 31 a. 3 ad 2"><a name="34854"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2565 "ref">[34854] I&ordf;-IIae q. 31 a. 3 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2566 dicendum quod similis differentia invenitur etiam in
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2567 concupiscentiis, ita quod delectatio respondeat concupiscentiae, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2568 gaudium respondeat desiderio, quod magis videtur pertinere ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2569 concupiscentiam animalem. Et sic secundum differentiam motus, est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2570 etiam differentia quietis.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2571 <p title="I-II q. 31 a. 3 ad 3"><a name="34855"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2572 "ref">[34855] I&ordf;-IIae q. 31 a. 3 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2573 dicendum quod alia nomina ad delectationem pertinentia, sunt
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2574 imposita ab effectibus delectationis, nam laetitia imponitur a
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2575 dilatatione cordis, ac si diceretur latitia; exultatio vero dicitur
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2576 ab exterioribus signis delectationis interioris, quae apparent
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2577 exterius, inquantum scilicet interius gaudium prosilit ad
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2578 exteriora; iucunditas vero dicitur a quibusdam specialibus
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2579 laetitiae signis vel effectibus. Et tamen omnia ista nomina
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2580 videntur pertinere ad gaudium, non enim utimur eis nisi in naturis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2581 rationalibus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2582 <br />
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2583 <div class="E">Articulus 4</div>
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2584 <p title="I-II q. 31 a. 4 arg. 1"><a name="34856"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2585 "ref">[34856] I&ordf;-IIae q. 31 a. 4 arg. 1</span></a> Ad quartum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2586 sic proceditur. Videtur quod delectatio non sit in appetitu
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2587 intellectivo. Dicit enim philosophus, in I Rhetoric., quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2588 <i>delectatio est motus quidam sensibilis</i>. Sed motus sensibilis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2589 non est in parte intellectiva. Ergo delectatio non est in parte
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2590 intellectiva.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2591 <p title="I-II q. 31 a. 4 arg. 2"><a name="34857"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2592 "ref">[34857] I&ordf;-IIae q. 31 a. 4 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2593 delectatio est passio quaedam. Sed omnis passio est in appetitu
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2594 sensitivo. Ergo delectatio non est nisi in appetitu sensitivo.</p>
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2595 <p title="I-II q. 31 a. 4 arg. 3"><a name="34858"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2596 "ref">[34858] I&ordf;-IIae q. 31 a. 4 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2597 delectatio est communis nobis et brutis. Ergo non est nisi in parte
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2598 quae nobis et brutis communis est.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2599 <p title="I-II q. 31 a. 4 s. c."><a name="34859"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2600 "ref">[34859] I&ordf;-IIae q. 31 a. 4 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2601 est quod in Psalmo XXXVI, dicitur, <i>delectare in domino</i>. Sed
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2602 ad Deum non potest extendi appetitus sensitivus, sed solum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2603 intellectivus. Ergo delectatio potest esse in appetitu
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2604 intellectivo.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2605 <p title="I-II q. 31 a. 4 co."><a name="34860"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2606 "ref">[34860] I&ordf;-IIae q. 31 a. 4 co.</span></a> Respondeo
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2607 dicendum quod, sicut dictum est, delectatio quaedam sequitur
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2608 apprehensionem rationis. Ad apprehensionem autem rationis, non
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2609 solum commovetur appetitus sensitivus, per applicationem ad aliquid
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2610 particulare; sed etiam appetitus intellectivus, qui dicitur
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2611 voluntas. Et secundum hoc, in appetitu intellectivo, sive in
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2612 voluntate, est delectatio quae dicitur gaudium, non autem
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2613 delectatio corporalis. Hoc tamen interest inter delectationem
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2614 utriusque appetitus, quod delectatio appetitus sensibilis est cum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2615 aliqua transmutatione corporali, delectatio autem appetitus
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2616 intellectivi nihil aliud est quam simplex motus voluntatis. Et
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2617 secundum hoc Augustinus dicit, in XIV de Civ. Dei, quod
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2618 <i>cupiditas et laetitia non est aliud quam voluntas in eorum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2619 consensione quae volumus</i>.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2620 <p title="I-II q. 31 a. 4 ad 1"><a name="34861"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2621 "ref">[34861] I&ordf;-IIae q. 31 a. 4 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2622 ergo dicendum quod in illa definitione philosophi, sensibile
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2623 ponitur communiter pro quacumque apprehensione. Dicit enim
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2624 philosophus in X Ethic., quod <i>secundum omnem sensum est
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2625 delectatio; similiter autem et secundum intellectum et
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2626 speculationem</i>. Vel potest dici quod ipse definit delectationem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2627 appetitus sensitivi.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2628 <p title="I-II q. 31 a. 4 ad 2"><a name="34862"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2629 "ref">[34862] I&ordf;-IIae q. 31 a. 4 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2630 dicendum quod delectatio habet rationem passionis, proprie
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2631 loquendo, inquantum est cum aliqua transmutatione corporali. Et sic
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2632 non est in appetitu intellectivo, sed secundum simplicem motum, sic
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2633 enim etiam est in Deo et in Angelis. Unde dicit philosophus, in VII
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2634 Ethic., quod Deus una simplici operatione gaudet. Et Dionysius
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2635 dicit, in fine Cael. Hier., quod <i>Angeli non sunt susceptibiles
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2636 nostrae passibilis delectationis, sed congaudent Deo secundum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2637 incorruptionis laetitiam</i>.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2638 <p title="I-II q. 31 a. 4 ad 3"><a name="34863"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2639 "ref">[34863] I&ordf;-IIae q. 31 a. 4 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2640 dicendum quod in nobis non solum est delectatio in qua communicamus
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2641 cum brutis, sed etiam in qua communicamus cum Angelis. Unde ibidem
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2642 Dionysius dicit quod <i>sancti homines multoties fiunt in
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2643 participatione delectationum angelicarum</i>. Et ita in nobis est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2644 delectatio non solum in appetitu sensitivo, in quo communicamus cum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2645 brutis; sed etiam in appetitu intellectivo, in quo communicamus cum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2646 Angelis.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2647 <br />
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2648 <div class="E">Articulus 5</div>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2649 <p title="I-II q. 31 a. 5 arg. 1"><a name="34864"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2650 "ref">[34864] I&ordf;-IIae q. 31 a. 5 arg. 1</span></a> Ad quintum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2651 sic proceditur. Videtur quod delectationes corporales et sensibiles
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2652 sint maiores delectationibus spiritualibus intelligibilibus. Omnes
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2653 enim aliquam delectationem sequuntur, secundum philosophum, in X
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2654 Ethic. Sed plures sequuntur delectationes sensibiles, quam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2655 delectationes spirituales intelligibiles. Ergo delectationes
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2656 corporales sunt maiores.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2657 <p title="I-II q. 31 a. 5 arg. 2"><a name="34865"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2658 "ref">[34865] I&ordf;-IIae q. 31 a. 5 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2659 magnitudo causae ex effectu cognoscitur. Sed delectationes
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2660 corporales habent fortiores effectus, <i>transmutant enim corpus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2661 et quibusdam insanias faciunt</i>, ut dicitur in VII Ethic. Ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2662 delectationes corporales sunt fortiores.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2663 <p title="I-II q. 31 a. 5 arg. 3"><a name="34866"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2664 "ref">[34866] I&ordf;-IIae q. 31 a. 5 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2665 delectationes corporales oportet temperare et refraenare, propter
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2666 earum vehementiam. Sed delectationes spirituales non oportet
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2667 refraenare. Ergo delectationes corporales sunt maiores.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2668 <p title="I-II q. 31 a. 5 s. c."><a name="34867"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2669 "ref">[34867] I&ordf;-IIae q. 31 a. 5 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2670 est quod dicitur in Psalmo CXVIII, <i>quam dulcia faucibus meis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2671 eloquia tua, super mel ori meo</i>. Et philosophus dicit, in X
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2672 Ethic., quod <i>maxima delectatio est quae est secundum operationem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2673 sapientiae</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2674 <p title="I-II q. 31 a. 5 co."><a name="34868"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2675 "ref">[34868] I&ordf;-IIae q. 31 a. 5 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2676 dicendum quod, sicut iam dictum est, delectatio provenit ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2677 coniunctione convenientis quae sentitur vel cognoscitur. In
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2678 operibus autem animae, praecipue sensitivae et intellectivae, est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2679 hoc considerandum, quod, cum non transeant in materiam exteriorem,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2680 sunt actus vel perfectiones operantis, scilicet intelligere,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2681 sentire, velle, et huiusmodi, nam actiones quae transeunt in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2682 exteriorem materiam, magis sunt actiones et perfectiones materiae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2683 transmutatae; motus enim est actus mobilis a movente. Sic igitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2684 praedictae actiones animae sensitivae et intellectivae, et ipsae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2685 sunt quoddam bonum operantis, et sunt etiam cognitae per sensum vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2686 intellectum. Unde etiam ex ipsis consurgit delectatio, et non solum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2687 ex eorum obiectis. Si igitur comparentur delectationes
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2688 intelligibiles delectationibus sensibilibus, secundum quod
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2689 delectamur in ipsis actionibus, puta in cognitione sensus et in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2690 cognitione intellectus; non est dubium quod multo sunt maiores
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2691 delectationes intelligibiles quam sensibiles. Multo enim magis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2692 delectatur homo de hoc quod cognoscit aliquid intelligendo, quam de
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2693 hoc quod cognoscit aliquid sentiendo. Quia intellectualis cognitio
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2694 et perfectior est, et etiam magis cognoscitur, quia intellectus
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2695 magis reflectitur supra actum suum quam sensus. Est etiam cognitio
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2696 intellectiva magis dilecta, nullus enim est qui non magis vellet
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2697 carere visu corporali quam visu intellectuali, eo modo quo bestiae
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2698 vel stulti carent, sicut Augustinus dicit, in libro de Civ. Dei.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2699 Sed si comparentur delectationes intelligibiles spirituales
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2700 delectationibus sensibilibus corporalibus, sic, secundum se et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2701 simpliciter loquendo, delectationes spirituales sunt maiores. Et
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2702 hoc apparet secundum tria quae requiruntur ad delectationem,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2703 scilicet bonum coniunctum, et id cui coniungitur, et ipsa
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2704 coniunctio. Nam ipsum bonum spirituale et est maius quam corporale
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2705 bonum; et est magis dilectum. Cuius signum est quod homines etiam a
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2706 maximis corporalibus voluptatibus abstinent, ut non perdant
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2707 honorem, qui est bonum intelligibile. Similiter etiam ipsa pars
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2708 intellectiva est multo nobilior, et magis cognoscitiva, quam pars
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2709 sensitiva. Coniunctio etiam utriusque est magis intima, et magis
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2710 perfecta, et magis firma. Intimior quidem est, quia sensus sistit
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2711 circa exteriora accidentia rei, intellectus vero penetrat usque ad
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2712 rei essentiam; obiectum enim intellectus est quod quid est.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2713 Perfectior autem est, quia coniunctioni sensibilis ad sensum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2714 adiungitur motus, qui est actus imperfectus, unde et delectationes
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2715 sensibiles non sunt totae simul, sed in eis aliquid pertransit, et
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diff changeset
2716 aliquid expectatur consummandum, ut patet in delectatione ciborum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2717 et venereorum. Sed intelligibilia sunt absque motu, unde
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2718 delectationes tales sunt totae simul. Est etiam firmior, quia
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2719 delectabilia corporalia sunt corruptibilia, et cito deficiunt; bona
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2720 vero spiritualia sunt incorruptibilia. Sed quoad nos, delectationes
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2721 corporales sunt magis vehementes, propter tria. Primo, quia
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2722 sensibilia sunt magis nota, quoad nos, quam intelligibilia. Secundo
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2723 etiam, quia delectationes sensibiles, cum sint passiones sensitivi
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2724 appetitus, sunt cum aliqua transmutatione corporali. Quod non
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2725 contingit in delectationibus spiritualibus, nisi per quandam
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2726 redundantiam a superiori appetitu in inferiorem. Tertio, quia
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2727 delectationes corporales appetuntur ut medicinae quaedam contra
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2728 corporales defectus vel molestias, ex quibus tristitiae quaedam
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2729 consequuntur. Unde delectationes corporales, tristitiis huiusmodi
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2730 supervenientes, magis sentiuntur, et per consequens magis
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2731 acceptantur, quam delectationes spirituales quae non habent
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2732 tristitias contrarias, ut infra dicetur.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2733 <p title="I-II q. 31 a. 5 ad 1"><a name="34869"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2734 "ref">[34869] I&ordf;-IIae q. 31 a. 5 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2735 ergo dicendum quod ideo plures sequuntur delectationes corporales,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2736 quia bona sensibilia sunt magis et pluribus nota. Et etiam quia
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2737 homines indigent delectationibus ut medicinis contra multiplices
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2738 dolores et tristitias, et cum plures hominum non possint attingere
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2739 ad delectationes spirituales, quae sunt propriae virtuosorum,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2740 consequens et quod declinent ad corporales.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2741 <p title="I-II q. 31 a. 5 ad 2"><a name="34870"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2742 "ref">[34870] I&ordf;-IIae q. 31 a. 5 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2743 dicendum quod transmutatio corporis magis contingit ex
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2744 delectationibus corporalibus, inquantum sunt passiones appetitus
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2745 sensitivi.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2746 <p title="I-II q. 31 a. 5 ad 3"><a name="34871"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2747 "ref">[34871] I&ordf;-IIae q. 31 a. 5 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2748 dicendum quod delectationes corporales sunt secundum partem
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2749 sensitivam, quae regulatur ratione, et ideo indigent temperari et
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2750 refraenari per rationem. Sed delectationes spirituales sunt
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2751 secundum mentem, quae est ipsa regula, unde sunt secundum seipsas
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2752 sobriae et moderatae.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2753 <br />
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2754 <div class="E">Articulus 6</div>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2755 <p title="I-II q. 31 a. 6 arg. 1"><a name="34872"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2756 "ref">[34872] I&ordf;-IIae q. 31 a. 6 arg. 1</span></a> Ad sextum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2757 sic proceditur. Videtur quod delectationes quae sunt secundum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2758 tactum, non sint maiores delectationibus quae sunt secundum alios
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2759 sensus. Illa enim delectatio videtur esse maxima, qua exclusa, omne
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2760 gaudium cessat. Sed talis est delectatio quae est secundum visum,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2761 dicitur enim Tobiae V, <i>quale gaudium erit mihi, qui in tenebris
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2762 sedeo, et lumen caeli non video?</i> Ergo delectatio quae est per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2763 visum, est maxima inter sensibiles delectationes.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2764 <p title="I-II q. 31 a. 6 arg. 2"><a name="34873"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2765 "ref">[34873] I&ordf;-IIae q. 31 a. 6 arg. 2</span></a>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2766 <i>Praeterea, unicuique fit delectabile illud quod amat</i>, ut
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2767 philosophus dicit, in I Rhetoric. Sed inter alios sensus maxime
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2768 diligitur visus. Ergo delectatio quae est secundum visum, est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2769 maxima.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2770 <p title="I-II q. 31 a. 6 arg. 3"><a name="34874"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2771 "ref">[34874] I&ordf;-IIae q. 31 a. 6 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2772 principium amicitiae delectabilis maxime est visio. Sed causa talis
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2773 amicitiae est delectatio. Ergo secundum visum videtur esse maxime
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2774 delectatio.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2775 <p title="I-II q. 31 a. 6 s. c."><a name="34875"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2776 "ref">[34875] I&ordf;-IIae q. 31 a. 6 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2777 est quod philosophus dicit, in III Ethic., quod maximae
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2778 delectationes sunt secundum tactum.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2779 <p title="I-II q. 31 a. 6 co."><a name="34876"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2780 "ref">[34876] I&ordf;-IIae q. 31 a. 6 co.</span></a> Respondeo
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2781 dicendum quod, sicut iam dictum est, unumquodque, inquantum amatur,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2782 efficitur delectabile. Sensus autem, ut dicitur in principio
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2783 Metaphys., propter duo diliguntur, scilicet propter cognitionem, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2784 propter utilitatem. Unde et utroque modo contingit esse
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2785 delectationem secundum sensum. Sed quia apprehendere ipsam
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2786 cognitionem tanquam bonum quoddam, proprium est hominis; ideo
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2787 primae delectationes sensuum, quae scilicet sunt secundum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2788 cognitionem, sunt propriae hominum, delectationes autem sensuum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2789 inquantum diliguntur propter utilitatem, sunt communes omnibus
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2790 animalibus. Si igitur loquamur de delectatione sensus quae est
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2791 ratione cognitionis, manifestum est quod secundum visum est maior
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2792 delectatio quam secundum aliquem alium sensum. Si autem loquamur de
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2793 delectatione sensus quae est ratione utilitatis, sic maxima
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2794 delectatio est secundum tactum. Utilitas enim sensibilium
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2795 attenditur secundum ordinem ad conservationem naturae animalis. Ad
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2796 hanc autem utilitatem propinquius se habent sensibilia tactus, est
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2797 enim tactus cognoscitivus eorum ex quibus consistit animal,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2798 scilicet calidi et frigidi, et huiusmodi. Unde secundum hoc,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2799 delectationes quae sunt secundum tactum, sunt maiores, quasi fini
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2800 propinquiores. Et propter hoc etiam, alia animalia, quae non habent
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2801 delectationem secundum sensum nisi ratione utilitatis, non
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2802 delectantur secundum alios sensus, nisi in ordine ad sensibilia
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2803 tactus, <i>neque enim odoribus leporum canes gaudent, sed
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2804 cibatione; neque leo voce bovis, sed comestione</i>, ut dicitur in
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2805 III Ethic. Cum igitur delectatio tactus sit maxima ratione
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2806 utilitatis, delectatio autem visus ratione cognitionis; si quis
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2807 utramque comparare velit, inveniet simpliciter delectationem tactus
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2808 esse maiorem delectatione visus, secundum quod sistit infra limites
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2809 sensibilis delectationis. Quia manifestum est quod id quod est
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2810 naturale in unoquoque, est potentissimum. Huiusmodi autem
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2811 delectationes tactus sunt ad quas ordinantur concupiscentiae
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2812 naturales, sicut cibi, et venerea, et huiusmodi. Sed si
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2813 consideremus delectationes visus, secundum quod visus deservit
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2814 intellectui; sic delectationes visus erunt potiores, ea ratione qua
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2815 et intelligibiles delectationes sunt potiores sensibilibus.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2816 <p title="I-II q. 31 a. 6 ad 1"><a name="34877"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2817 "ref">[34877] I&ordf;-IIae q. 31 a. 6 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2818 ergo dicendum quod gaudium, sicut supra dictum est, significat
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2819 animalem delectationem, et haec maxime pertinet ad visum. Sed
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2820 delectatio naturalis maxime pertinet ad tactum.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2821 <p title="I-II q. 31 a. 6 ad 2"><a name="34878"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2822 "ref">[34878] I&ordf;-IIae q. 31 a. 6 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2823 dicendum quod visus maxime diligitur propter cognitionem, eo quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2824 multas rerum differentias nobis ostendit, ut ibidem dicitur.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2825 <p title="I-II q. 31 a. 6 ad 3"><a name="34879"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2826 "ref">[34879] I&ordf;-IIae q. 31 a. 6 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2827 dicendum quod alio modo delectatio est causa amoris carnalis, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2828 alio modo visio. Nam delectatio, et maxime quae est secundum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2829 tactum, est causa amicitiae delectabilis per modum finis, visio
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2830 autem est causa sicut unde est principium motus, inquantum per
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2831 visum amabilis imprimitur species rei, quae allicit ad amandum et
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2832 ad concupiscendum eius delectationem.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2833 <br />
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2834 <div class="E">Articulus 7</div>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2835 <p title="I-II q. 31 a. 7 arg. 1"><a name="34880"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2836 "ref">[34880] I&ordf;-IIae q. 31 a. 7 arg. 1</span></a> Ad septimum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2837 sic proceditur. Videtur quod nulla delectatio sit innaturalis.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2838 Delectatio enim in affectibus animae proportionatur quieti in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2839 corporibus. Sed appetitus corporis naturalis non quiescit nisi in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2840 loco connaturali. Ergo nec quies appetitus animalis, quae est
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2841 delectatio, potest esse nisi in aliquo connaturali. Nulla ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2842 delectatio est non naturalis.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2843 <p title="I-II q. 31 a. 7 arg. 2"><a name="34881"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2844 "ref">[34881] I&ordf;-IIae q. 31 a. 7 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2845 illud quod est contra naturam, est violentum. Sed omne violentum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2846 est contristans, ut dicitur in V Metaphys. Ergo nihil quod est
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2847 contra naturam, potest esse delectabile.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2848 <p title="I-II q. 31 a. 7 arg. 3"><a name="34882"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2849 "ref">[34882] I&ordf;-IIae q. 31 a. 7 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2850 constitui in propriam naturam, cum sentitur, causat delectationem;
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2851 ut patet ex definitione philosophi supra posita. Sed constitui in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2852 naturam, unicuique est naturale, quia motus naturalis est qui est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2853 ad terminum naturalem. Ergo omnis delectatio est naturalis.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2854 <p title="I-II q. 31 a. 7 s. c."><a name="34883"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2855 "ref">[34883] I&ordf;-IIae q. 31 a. 7 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2856 est quod philosophus dicit, in VII Ethic., quod quaedam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2857 delectationes sunt aegritudinales et contra naturam.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2858 <p title="I-II q. 31 a. 7 co."><a name="34884"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2859 "ref">[34884] I&ordf;-IIae q. 31 a. 7 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2860 dicendum quod naturale dicitur quod est secundum naturam, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2861 dicitur in II Physic. Natura autem in homine dupliciter sumi
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2862 potest. Uno modo, prout intellectus et ratio est potissime hominis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2863 natura, quia secundum eam homo in specie constituitur. Et secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2864 hoc, naturales delectationes hominum dici possunt quae sunt in eo
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2865 quod convenit homini secundum rationem, sicut delectari in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2866 contemplatione veritatis, et in actibus virtutum, est naturale
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2867 homini. Alio modo potest sumi natura in homine secundum quod
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2868 condividitur rationi, id scilicet quod est commune homini et aliis,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2869 praecipue quod rationi non obedit. Et secundum hoc, ea quae
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2870 pertinent ad conservationem corporis, vel secundum individuum, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2871 cibus, potus, lectus, et huiusmodi, vel secundum speciem, sicut
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2872 venereorum usus, dicuntur homini delectabilia naturaliter. Secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2873 utrasque autem delectationes, contingit aliquas esse innaturales,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2874 simpliciter loquendo, sed connaturales secundum quid. Contingit
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2875 enim in aliquo individuo corrumpi aliquod principiorum naturalium
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2876 speciei; et sic id quod est contra naturam speciei, fieri per
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2877 accidens naturale huic individuo; sicut huic aquae calefactae est
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2878 naturale quod calefaciat. Ita igitur contingit quod id quod est
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2879 contra naturam hominis, vel quantum ad rationem, vel quantum ad
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2880 corporis conservationem, fiat huic homini connaturale, propter
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2881 aliquam corruptionem naturae in eo existentem. Quae quidem
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2882 corruptio potest esse vel ex parte corporis, sive ex aegritudine,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2883 sicut febricitantibus dulcia videntur amara et e converso; sive
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2884 propter malam complexionem, sicut aliqui delectantur in comestione
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2885 terrae vel carbonum, vel aliquorum huiusmodi, vel etiam ex parte
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2886 animae, sicut propter consuetudinem aliqui, delectantur in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2887 comedendo homines, vel in coitu bestiarum aut masculorum, aut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2888 aliorum huiusmodi, quae non sunt secundum naturam humanam.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2889 <p title="I-II q. 31 a. 7 ad arg."><a name="34885"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2890 "ref">[34885] I&ordf;-IIae q. 31 a. 7 ad arg.</span></a> Et per hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2891 patet responsio ad obiecta.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2892 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2893 <div class="E">Articulus 8</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2894 <p title="I-II q. 31 a. 8 arg. 1"><a name="34886"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2895 "ref">[34886] I&ordf;-IIae q. 31 a. 8 arg. 1</span></a> Ad octavum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2896 sic proceditur. Videtur quod delectationi non sit delectatio
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2897 contraria. Passiones enim animae speciem et contrarietatem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2898 recipiunt secundum obiecta. Obiectum autem delectationis est bonum.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2899 Cum igitur bonum non sit contrarium bono, sed bonum malo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2900 contrarietur, et malum malo, ut dicitur in praedicamentis; videtur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2901 quod delectatio non sit contraria delectationi.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2902 <p title="I-II q. 31 a. 8 arg. 2"><a name="34887"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2903 "ref">[34887] I&ordf;-IIae q. 31 a. 8 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2904 uni unum est contrarium, ut probatur in X Metaphys. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2905 delectationi contraria est tristitia. Non ergo delectationi
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2906 contraria est delectatio.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2907 <p title="I-II q. 31 a. 8 arg. 3"><a name="34888"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2908 "ref">[34888] I&ordf;-IIae q. 31 a. 8 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2909 si delectationi contraria est delectatio hoc non est nisi propter
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2910 contrarietatem eorum in quibus aliquis delectatur. Sed haec
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2911 differentia est materialis, contrarietas autem est differentia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2912 secundum formam, ut dicitur in X Metaphys. Ergo contrarietas non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2913 est delectationis ad delectationem.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2914 <p title="I-II q. 31 a. 8 s. c."><a name="34889"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2915 "ref">[34889] I&ordf;-IIae q. 31 a. 8 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2916 ea quae se impediunt, in eodem genere existentia, secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2917 philosophum, sunt contraria. Sed quaedam delectationes se invicem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2918 impediunt ut dicitur in X Ethic. Ergo aliquae delectationes sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2919 contrariae.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2920 <p title="I-II q. 31 a. 8 co."><a name="34890"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2921 "ref">[34890] I&ordf;-IIae q. 31 a. 8 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2922 dicendum quod delectatio in affectionibus animae, sicut dictum est,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2923 proportionatur quieti in corporibus naturalibus. Dicuntur autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2924 duae quietes esse contrariae, quae sunt in contrariis terminis;
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2925 sicut quies quae est sursum, ei quae est deorsum, ut dicitur V
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2926 Physic. Unde et contingit in affectibus animae duas delectationes
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2927 esse contrarias.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2928 <p title="I-II q. 31 a. 8 ad 1"><a name="34891"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2929 "ref">[34891] I&ordf;-IIae q. 31 a. 8 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2930 ergo dicendum quod verbum illud philosophi est intelligendum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2931 secundum quod bonum et malum accipitur in virtutibus et vitiis, nam
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2932 inveniuntur duo contraria vitia, non autem invenitur virtus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2933 contraria virtuti. In aliis autem nil prohibet duo bona esse ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2934 invicem contraria, sicut calidum et frigidum, quorum unum est bonum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2935 igni, alterum aquae. Et per hunc modum delectatio potest esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2936 delectationi contraria. Sed hoc in bono virtutis esse non potest,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2937 quia bonum virtutis non accipitur nisi per convenientiam ad aliquid
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2938 unum, scilicet rationem.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2939 <p title="I-II q. 31 a. 8 ad 2"><a name="34892"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2940 "ref">[34892] I&ordf;-IIae q. 31 a. 8 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2941 dicendum quod delectatio se habet in affectibus animae, sicut quies
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2942 naturalis in corporibus, est enim in aliquo convenienti et quasi
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2943 connaturali. Tristitia autem se habet sicut quies violenta,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2944 tristabile enim repugnat appetitui animali, sicut locus quietis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2945 violentae appetitui naturali. Quieti autem naturali opponitur et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2946 quies violenta eiusdem corporis, et quies naturalis alterius, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2947 dicitur in V Physic. Unde delectationi opponitur et delectatio et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2948 tristitia.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2949 <p title="I-II q. 31 a. 8 ad 3"><a name="34893"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2950 "ref">[34893] I&ordf;-IIae q. 31 a. 8 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2951 dicendum quod ea in quibus delectamur, cum sint obiecta
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2952 delectationis, non solum faciunt differentiam materialem, sed etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2953 formalem, si sit diversa ratio delectabilitatis. Diversa enim ratio
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2954 obiecti diversificat speciem actus vel passionis, ut ex supradictis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2955 patet.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2956 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2957 <div class="D">Quaestio 32</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2958 <div class="G">Prooemium</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2959 <p title="I-II q. 32 pr."><a name="34894"><span class="ref">[34894]
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2960 I&ordf;-IIae q. 32 pr.</span></a> Deinde considerandum est de
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2961 causis delectationis. Et circa hoc quaeruntur octo. Primo, utrum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2962 operatio sit causa propria delectationis. Secundo, utrum motus sit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2963 causa delectationis. Tertio, utrum spes et memoria. Quarto, utrum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2964 tristitia. Quinto, utrum actiones aliorum sint nobis delectationis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2965 causa. Sexto, utrum benefacere alteri sit causa delectationis.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2966 Septimo, utrum similitudo sit causa delectationis. Octavo, utrum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2967 admiratio sit causa delectationis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2968 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2969 <div class="E">Articulus 1</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2970 <p title="I-II q. 32 a. 1 arg. 1"><a name="34895"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2971 "ref">[34895] I&ordf;-IIae q. 32 a. 1 arg. 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2972 sic proceditur. Videtur quod operatio non sit propria et prima
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2973 causa delectationis. Ut enim philosophus dicit, in I Rhetoric.,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2974 <i>delectari consistit in hoc quod sensus aliquid patiatur</i>,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2975 requiritur enim ad delectationem cognitio, sicut dictum est. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2976 per prius sunt cognoscibilia obiecta operationum quam ipsae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2977 operationes. Ergo operatio non est propria causa delectationis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2978 <p title="I-II q. 32 a. 1 arg. 2"><a name="34896"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2979 "ref">[34896] I&ordf;-IIae q. 32 a. 1 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2980 delectatio potissime consistit in fine adepto, hoc enim est quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2981 praecipue concupiscitur. Sed non semper operatio est finis, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2982 quandoque ipsum operatum. Non ergo operatio est propria et per se
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2983 causa delectationis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2984 <p title="I-II q. 32 a. 1 arg. 3"><a name="34897"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2985 "ref">[34897] I&ordf;-IIae q. 32 a. 1 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2986 otium et requies dicuntur per cessationem operationis. Haec autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2987 sunt delectabilia, ut dicitur in I Rhetoric. Non ergo operatio est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2988 propria causa delectationis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2989 <p title="I-II q. 32 a. 1 s. c."><a name="34898"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2990 "ref">[34898] I&ordf;-IIae q. 32 a. 1 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2991 est quod philosophus dicit, VII et X Ethic., quod <i>delectatio est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2992 operatio connaturalis non impedita</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2993 <p title="I-II q. 32 a. 1 co."><a name="34899"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2994 "ref">[34899] I&ordf;-IIae q. 32 a. 1 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2995 dicendum quod, sicut supra dictum est, ad delectationem duo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2996 requiruntur, scilicet consecutio boni convenientis, et cognitio
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2997 huiusmodi adeptionis. Utrumque autem horum in quadam operatione
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2998 consistit, nam actualis cognitio operatio quaedam est; similiter
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2999 bonum conveniens adipiscimur aliqua operatione. Ipsa etiam operatio
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3000 propria est quoddam bonum conveniens. Unde oportet quod omnis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3001 delectatio aliquam operationem consequatur.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3002 <p title="I-II q. 32 a. 1 ad 1"><a name="34900"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3003 "ref">[34900] I&ordf;-IIae q. 32 a. 1 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3004 ergo dicendum quod ipsa obiecta operationum non sunt delectabilia,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3005 nisi inquantum coniunguntur nobis, vel per cognitionem solam, sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3006 cum delectamur in consideratione vel inspectione aliquorum; vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3007 quocumque alio modo simul cum cognitione, sicut cum aliquis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3008 delectatur in hoc quod cognoscit se habere quodcumque bonum, puta
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3009 divitias vel honorem vel aliquid huiusmodi; quae quidem non essent
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3010 delectabilia, nisi inquantum apprehenduntur ut habita. Ut enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3011 philosophus dicit, in II Polit., <i>magnam delectationem habet
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3012 putare aliquid sibi proprium; quae procedit ex naturali amore
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3013 alicuius ad seipsum</i>. Habere autem huiusmodi nihil est aliud
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3014 quam uti eis, vel posse uti. Et hoc est per aliquam operationem.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3015 Unde manifestum est quod omnis delectatio in operationem reducitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3016 sicut in causam.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3017 <p title="I-II q. 32 a. 1 ad 2"><a name="34901"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3018 "ref">[34901] I&ordf;-IIae q. 32 a. 1 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3019 dicendum quod etiam in illis in quibus operationes non sunt fines,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3020 sed operata, ipsa operata sunt delectabilia inquantum sunt habita
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3021 vel facta. Quod refertur ad aliquem usum vel operationem.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3022 <p title="I-II q. 32 a. 1 ad 3"><a name="34902"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3023 "ref">[34902] I&ordf;-IIae q. 32 a. 1 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3024 dicendum quod operationes sunt delectabiles, inquantum sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3025 proportionatae et connaturales operanti. Cum autem virtus humana
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3026 sit finita, secundum aliquam mensuram operatio est sibi
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3027 proportionata. Unde si excedat illam mensuram, iam non erit sibi
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3028 proportionata, nec delectabilis, sed magis laboriosa et attaedians.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3029 Et secundum hoc, otium et ludus et alia quae ad requiem pertinent,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3030 delectabilia sunt, inquantum auferunt tristitiam quae est ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3031 labore.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3032 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3033 <div class="E">Articulus 2</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3034 <p title="I-II q. 32 a. 2 arg. 1"><a name="34903"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3035 "ref">[34903] I&ordf;-IIae q. 32 a. 2 arg. 1</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3036 sic proceditur. Videtur quod motus non sit causa delectationis.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3037 Quia, sicut supra dictum est, bonum praesentialiter adeptum est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3038 causa delectationis, unde philosophus, in VII Ethic., dicit quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3039 delectatio non comparatur generationi, sed operationi rei iam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3040 existentis. Id autem quod movetur ad aliquid, nondum habet illud;
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3041 sed quodammodo est in via generationis respectu illius, secundum
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3042 quod omni motui adiungitur generatio et corruptio, ut dicitur in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3043 VIII Physic. Ergo motus non est causa delectationis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3044 <p title="I-II q. 32 a. 2 arg. 2"><a name="34904"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3045 "ref">[34904] I&ordf;-IIae q. 32 a. 2 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3046 motus praecipue laborem et lassitudinem inducit in operibus. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3047 operationes, ex hoc quod sunt laboriosae et lassantes, non sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3048 delectabiles, sed magis afflictivae. Ergo motus non est causa
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3049 delectationis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3050 <p title="I-II q. 32 a. 2 arg. 3"><a name="34905"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3051 "ref">[34905] I&ordf;-IIae q. 32 a. 2 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3052 motus importat innovationem quandam, quae opponitur consuetudini.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3053 Sed ea quae sunt consueta, sunt nobis delectabilia, ut philosophus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3054 dicit, in I Rhetoric. Ergo motus non est causa delectationis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3055 <p title="I-II q. 32 a. 2 s. c."><a name="34906"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3056 "ref">[34906] I&ordf;-IIae q. 32 a. 2 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3057 est quod Augustinus dicit, in VIII Confess., <i>quid est hoc,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3058 domine Deus meus, cum tu aeternum tibi tu ipse sis gaudium; et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3059 quaedam de te circa te semper gaudeant; quod haec rerum pars
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3060 alterno defectu et profectu, offensionibus et conciliationibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3061 gaudet?</i> Ex quo accipitur quod homines gaudent et delectantur in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3062 quibusdam alternationibus. Et sic motus videtur esse causa
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3063 delectationis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3064 <p title="I-II q. 32 a. 2 co."><a name="34907"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3065 "ref">[34907] I&ordf;-IIae q. 32 a. 2 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3066 dicendum quod ad delectationem tria requiruntur, scilicet duo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3067 quorum est coniunctio delectabilis; et tertium, quod est cognitio
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3068 huius coniunctionis. Et secundum haec tria motus efficitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3069 delectabilis, ut philosophus dicit, in VII Ethic. et in I Rhetoric.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3070 Nam ex parte nostra qui delectamur, transmutatio efficitur nobis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3071 delectabilis propter hoc, quod natura nostra transmutabilis est; et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3072 propter hoc, quod est nobis conveniens nunc, non erit nobis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3073 conveniens postea; sicut calefieri ad ignem est conveniens homini
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3074 in hieme, non autem in aestate. Ex parte vero boni delectantis quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3075 nobis coniungitur, fit etiam transmutatio delectabilis. Quia actio
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3076 continuata alicuius agentis auget effectum, sicut quanto aliquis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3077 diutius appropinquat igni, magis calefit et desiccatur. Naturalis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3078 autem habitudo in quadam mensura consistit. Et ideo quando
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3079 continuata praesentia delectabilis superexcedit mensuram naturalis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3080 habitudinis, efficitur remotio eius delectabilis. Ex parte vero
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3081 ipsius cognitionis, quia homo desiderat cognoscere aliquod totum et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3082 perfectum. Cum ergo aliqua non poterunt apprehendi tota simul,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3083 delectat in his transmutatio, ut unum transeat et alterum succedat,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3084 et sic totum sentiatur. Unde Augustinus dicit, in IV Confess.,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3085 <i>non vis utique stare syllabam, sed transvolare, ut aliae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3086 veniant, et totum audias. Ita semper omnia ex quibus unum aliquid
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3087 constat, et non sunt omnia simul, plus delectant omnia quam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3088 singula, si possint sentiri omnia</i>. Si ergo sit aliqua res cuius
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3089 natura sit intransmutabilis; et non possit in ea fieri excessus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3090 naturalis habitudinis per continuationem delectabilis; et quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3091 possit totum suum delectabile simul intueri, non erit ei
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3092 transmutatio delectabilis. Et quanto aliquae delectationes plus ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3093 hoc accedunt, tanto plus continuari possunt.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3094 <p title="I-II q. 32 a. 2 ad 1"><a name="34908"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3095 "ref">[34908] I&ordf;-IIae q. 32 a. 2 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3096 ergo dicendum quod id quod movetur, etsi nondum habeat perfecte id
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3097 ad quod movetur, incipit tamen iam aliquid habere eius ad quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3098 movetur, et secundum hoc, ipse motus habet aliquid delectationis.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3099 Deficit tamen a delectationis perfectione, nam perfectiores
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3100 delectationes sunt in rebus immobilibus. Motus etiam efficitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3101 delectabilis, inquantum per ipsum fit aliquid conveniens quod prius
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3102 conveniens non erat, vel desinit esse, ut supra dictum est.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3103 <p title="I-II q. 32 a. 2 ad 2"><a name="34909"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3104 "ref">[34909] I&ordf;-IIae q. 32 a. 2 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3105 dicendum quod motus laborem et lassitudinem inducit, secundum quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3106 transcendit habitudinem naturalem. Sic autem motus non est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3107 delectabilis, sed secundum quod removentur contraria habitudinis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3108 naturalis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3109 <p title="I-II q. 32 a. 2 ad 3"><a name="34910"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3110 "ref">[34910] I&ordf;-IIae q. 32 a. 2 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3111 dicendum quod id quod est consuetum, efficitur delectabile,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3112 inquantum efficitur naturale, nam consuetudo est quasi altera
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3113 natura. Motus autem est delectabilis, non quidem quo receditur a
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3114 consuetudine, sed magis secundum quod per ipsum impeditur corruptio
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3115 naturalis habitudinis, quae posset provenire ex assiduitate
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3116 alicuius operationis. Et sic ex eadem causa connaturalitatis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3117 efficitur consuetudo delectabilis, et motus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3118 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3119 <div class="E">Articulus 3</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3120 <p title="I-II q. 32 a. 3 arg. 1"><a name="34911"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3121 "ref">[34911] I&ordf;-IIae q. 32 a. 3 arg. 1</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3122 sic proceditur. Videtur quod memoria et spes non sint causae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3123 delectationis. Delectatio enim est de bono praesenti, ut Damascenus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3124 dicit. Sed memoria et spes sunt de absenti, est enim memoria
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3125 praeteritorum, spes vero futurorum. Ergo memoria et spes non sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3126 causa delectationis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3127 <p title="I-II q. 32 a. 3 arg. 2"><a name="34912"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3128 "ref">[34912] I&ordf;-IIae q. 32 a. 3 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3129 idem non est causa contrariorum. Sed spes est causa afflictionis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3130 dicitur enim Prov. XIII, <i>spes quae differtur, affligit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3131 animam</i>. Ergo spes non est causa delectationis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3132 <p title="I-II q. 32 a. 3 arg. 3"><a name="34913"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3133 "ref">[34913] I&ordf;-IIae q. 32 a. 3 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3134 sicut spes convenit cum delectatione in eo quod est de bono, ita
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3135 etiam concupiscentia et amor. Non ergo magis debet assignari spes
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3136 causa delectationis, quam concupiscentia vel amor.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3137 <p title="I-II q. 32 a. 3 s. c."><a name="34914"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3138 "ref">[34914] I&ordf;-IIae q. 32 a. 3 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3139 est quod dicitur Rom. XII, <i>spe gaudentes</i>; et in Psalmo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3140 LXXVI, <i>memor fui Dei, et delectatus sum</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3141 <p title="I-II q. 32 a. 3 co."><a name="34915"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3142 "ref">[34915] I&ordf;-IIae q. 32 a. 3 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3143 dicendum quod delectatio causatur ex praesentia boni convenientis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3144 secundum quod sentitur, vel qualitercumque percipitur. Est autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3145 aliquid praesens nobis dupliciter, uno modo, secundum cognitionem,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3146 prout scilicet cognitum est in cognoscente secundum suam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3147 similitudinem; alio modo, secundum rem, prout scilicet unum alteri
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3148 realiter coniungitur, vel actu vel potentia, secundum quemcumque
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3149 coniunctionis modum. Et quia maior est coniunctio secundum rem quam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3150 secundum similitudinem, quae est coniunctio cognitionis; itemque
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3151 maior est coniunctio rei in actu quam in potentia, ideo maxima est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3152 delectatio quae fit per sensum, qui requirit praesentiam rei
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3153 sensibilis. Secundum autem gradum tenet delectatio spei, in qua non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3154 solum est delectabilis coniunctio secundum apprehensionem, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3155 etiam secundum facultatem vel potestatem adipiscendi bonum quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3156 delectat. Tertium autem gradum tenet delectatio memoriae, quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3157 habet solam coniunctionem apprehensionis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3158 <p title="I-II q. 32 a. 3 ad 1"><a name="34916"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3159 "ref">[34916] I&ordf;-IIae q. 32 a. 3 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3160 ergo dicendum quod spes et memoria sunt quidem eorum quae sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3161 simpliciter absentia, quae tamen secundum quid sunt praesentia,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3162 scilicet vel secundum apprehensionem solam; vel secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3163 apprehensionem et facultatem, ad minus aestimatam.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3164 <p title="I-II q. 32 a. 3 ad 2"><a name="34917"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3165 "ref">[34917] I&ordf;-IIae q. 32 a. 3 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3166 dicendum quod nihil prohibet idem, secundum diversa, esse causam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3167 contrariorum. Sic igitur spes, inquantum habet praesentem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3168 aestimationem boni futuri, delectationem causat, inquantum autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3169 caret praesentia eius, causat afflictionem.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3170 <p title="I-II q. 32 a. 3 ad 3"><a name="34918"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3171 "ref">[34918] I&ordf;-IIae q. 32 a. 3 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3172 dicendum quod etiam amor et concupiscentia delectationem causant.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3173 Omne enim amatum fit delectabile amanti, eo quod amor est quaedam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3174 unio vel connaturalitas amantis ad amatum. Similiter etiam omne
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3175 concupitum est delectabile concupiscenti, cum concupiscentia sit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3176 praecipue appetitus delectationis. Sed tamen spes, inquantum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3177 importat quandam certitudinem realis praesentiae boni delectantis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3178 quam non importat nec amor nec concupiscentia, magis ponitur causa
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3179 delectationis quam illa. Et similiter magis quam memoria, quae est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3180 de eo quod iam transiit.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3181 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3182 <div class="E">Articulus 4</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3183 <p title="I-II q. 32 a. 4 arg. 1"><a name="34919"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3184 "ref">[34919] I&ordf;-IIae q. 32 a. 4 arg. 1</span></a> Ad quartum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3185 sic proceditur. Videtur quod tristitia non sit causa delectationis.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3186 Contrarium enim non est causa contrarii. Sed tristitia contrariatur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3187 delectationi. Ergo non est causa delectationis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3188 <p title="I-II q. 32 a. 4 arg. 2"><a name="34920"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3189 "ref">[34920] I&ordf;-IIae q. 32 a. 4 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3190 contrariorum contrarii sunt effectus. Sed delectabilia memorata
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3191 sunt causa delectationis. Ergo tristia memorata sunt causa doloris,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3192 et non delectationis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3193 <p title="I-II q. 32 a. 4 arg. 3"><a name="34921"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3194 "ref">[34921] I&ordf;-IIae q. 32 a. 4 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3195 sicut se habet tristitia ad delectationem, ita odium ad amorem. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3196 odium non est causa amoris, sed magis e converso, ut supra dictum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3197 est. Ergo tristitia non est causa delectationis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3198 <p title="I-II q. 32 a. 4 s. c."><a name="34922"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3199 "ref">[34922] I&ordf;-IIae q. 32 a. 4 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3200 est quod in Psalmo XLI, dicitur, <i>fuerunt mihi lacrimae meae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3201 panes die ac nocte</i>. Per panem autem refectio delectationis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3202 intelligitur. Ergo lacrimae, quae ex tristitia oriuntur, possunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3203 esse delectabiles.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3204 <p title="I-II q. 32 a. 4 co."><a name="34923"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3205 "ref">[34923] I&ordf;-IIae q. 32 a. 4 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3206 dicendum quod tristitia potest dupliciter considerari, uno modo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3207 secundum quod est in actu; alio modo, secundum quod est in memoria.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3208 Et utroque modo tristitia potest esse delectationis causa.
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3209 Tristitia siquidem in actu existens est causa delectationis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3210 inquantum facit memoriam rei dilectae, de cuius absentia aliquis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3211 tristatur, et tamen de sola eius apprehensione delectatur. Memoria
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3212 autem tristitiae fit causa delectationis, propter subsequentem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3213 evasionem. Nam carere malo accipitur in ratione boni, unde secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3214 quod homo apprehendit se evasisse ab aliquibus tristibus et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3215 dolorosis, accrescit ei gaudii materia; secundum quod Augustinus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3216 dicit, XXII de Civ. Dei, quod <i>saepe laeti tristium meminimus, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3217 sani dolorum sine dolore, et inde amplius laeti et grati sumus</i>.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3218 Et in VIII Confess. dicit quod <i>quanto maius fuit periculum in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3219 proelio, tanto maius erit gaudium in triumpho</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3220 <p title="I-II q. 32 a. 4 ad 1"><a name="34924"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3221 "ref">[34924] I&ordf;-IIae q. 32 a. 4 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3222 ergo dicendum quod contrarium quandoque per accidens est causa
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3223 contrarii, sicut frigidum quandoque calefacit, ut dicitur in VIII
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3224 Physic. Et similiter tristitia per accidens est delectationis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3225 causa, inquantum fit per eam apprehensio alicuius delectabilis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3226 <p title="I-II q. 32 a. 4 ad 2"><a name="34925"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3227 "ref">[34925] I&ordf;-IIae q. 32 a. 4 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3228 dicendum quod tristia memorata, inquantum sunt tristia et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3229 delectabilibus contraria, non causant delectationem, sed inquantum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3230 ab eis homo liberatur. Et similiter memoria delectabilium, ex eo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3231 quod sunt amissa, potest causare tristitiam.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3232 <p title="I-II q. 32 a. 4 ad 3"><a name="34926"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3233 "ref">[34926] I&ordf;-IIae q. 32 a. 4 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3234 dicendum quod odium etiam per accidens potest esse causa amoris,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3235 prout scilicet aliqui diligunt se, inquantum conveniunt in odio
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3236 unius et eiusdem.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3237 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3238 <div class="E">Articulus 5</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3239 <p title="I-II q. 32 a. 5 arg. 1"><a name="34927"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3240 "ref">[34927] I&ordf;-IIae q. 32 a. 5 arg. 1</span></a> Ad quintum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3241 sic proceditur. Videtur quod actiones aliorum non sint nobis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3242 delectationis causa. Causa enim delectationis est proprium bonum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3243 coniunctum. Sed aliorum operationes non sunt nobis coniunctae. Ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3244 non sunt nobis causa delectationis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3245 <p title="I-II q. 32 a. 5 arg. 2"><a name="34928"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3246 "ref">[34928] I&ordf;-IIae q. 32 a. 5 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3247 operatio est proprium bonum operantis. Si igitur operationes
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3248 aliorum sint nobis causa delectationis, pari ratione omnia alia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3249 bona aliorum erunt nobis delectationis causa. Quod patet esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3250 falsum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3251 <p title="I-II q. 32 a. 5 arg. 3"><a name="34929"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3252 "ref">[34929] I&ordf;-IIae q. 32 a. 5 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3253 operatio est delectabilis, inquantum procedit ex habitu nobis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3254 innato, unde dicitur in II Ethic., quod <i>signum generati habitus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3255 oportet accipere fientem in opere delectationem</i>. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3256 operationes aliorum non procedunt ex habitibus qui in nobis sunt,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3257 sed interdum ex habitibus qui sunt in operantibus. Non ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3258 operationes aliorum sunt nobis delectabiles, sed ipsis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3259 operantibus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3260 <p title="I-II q. 32 a. 5 s. c."><a name="34930"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3261 "ref">[34930] I&ordf;-IIae q. 32 a. 5 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3262 est quod dicitur in secunda canonica Ioannis, <i>gavisus sum valde,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3263 quoniam inveni de filiis tuis ambulantes in veritate</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3264 <p title="I-II q. 32 a. 5 co."><a name="34931"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3265 "ref">[34931] I&ordf;-IIae q. 32 a. 5 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3266 dicendum quod, sicut iam dictum est, ad delectationem duo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3267 requiruntur, scilicet consecutio proprii boni, et cognitio proprii
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3268 boni consecuti. Tripliciter ergo operatio alterius potest esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3269 delectationis causa. Uno modo, inquantum per operationem alicuius
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3270 consequimur aliquod bonum. Et secundum hoc, operationes illorum qui
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3271 nobis aliquod bonum faciunt, sunt nobis delectabiles, quia bene
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3272 pati ab alio est delectabile. Alio modo, secundum quod per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3273 operationes aliorum efficitur nobis aliqua cognitio vel aestimatio
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3274 proprii boni. Et propter hoc homines delectantur in hoc quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3275 laudantur vel honorantur ab aliis, quia scilicet per hoc accipiunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3276 aestimationem in seipsis aliquod bonum esse. Et quia ista
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3277 aestimatio fortius generatur ex testimonio bonorum et sapientum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3278 ideo in horum laudibus et honoribus homines magis delectantur. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3279 quia adulator est apparens laudator, propter hoc etiam adulationes
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3280 quibusdam sunt delectabiles. Et quia amor est alicuius boni, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3281 admiratio est alicuius magni, idcirco amari ab aliis, et in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3282 admiratione haberi, est delectabile; inquantum per hoc fit homini
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3283 aestimatio propriae bonitatis vel magnitudinis, in quibus aliquis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3284 delectatur. Tertio modo, inquantum ipsae operationes aliorum, si
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3285 sint bonae, aestimantur ut bonum proprium, propter vim amoris, qui
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3286 facit aestimare amicum quasi eundem sibi. Et propter odium, quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3287 facit aestimare bonum alterius esse sibi contrarium, efficitur mala
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3288 operatio inimici delectabilis. Unde dicitur I ad Cor. XIII, quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3289 <i>caritas non gaudet super iniquitate, congaudet autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3290 veritati</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3291 <p title="I-II q. 32 a. 5 ad 1"><a name="34932"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3292 "ref">[34932] I&ordf;-IIae q. 32 a. 5 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3293 ergo dicendum quod operatio alterius potest esse mihi coniuncta vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3294 per effectum, sicut in primo modo; vel per apprehensionem, sicut in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3295 secundo modo; vel per affectionem, sicut in tertio modo.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3296 <p title="I-II q. 32 a. 5 ad 2"><a name="34933"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3297 "ref">[34933] I&ordf;-IIae q. 32 a. 5 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3298 dicendum quod ratio illa procedit quantum ad tertium modum, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3299 autem quantum ad duos primos.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3300 <p title="I-II q. 32 a. 5 ad 3"><a name="34934"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3301 "ref">[34934] I&ordf;-IIae q. 32 a. 5 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3302 dicendum quod operationes aliorum etsi non procedant ex habitibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3303 qui in me sunt, causant tamen in me aliquid delectabile; vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3304 faciunt mihi aestimationem sive apprehensionem proprii habitus; vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3305 procedunt ex habitu illius qui est unum mecum per amorem.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3306 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3307 <div class="E">Articulus 6</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3308 <p title="I-II q. 32 a. 6 arg. 1"><a name="34935"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3309 "ref">[34935] I&ordf;-IIae q. 32 a. 6 arg. 1</span></a> Ad sextum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3310 sic proceditur. Videtur quod benefacere alteri non sit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3311 delectationis causa. Delectatio enim causatur ex consecutione
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3312 proprii boni, sicut supra dictum est. Sed benefacere non pertinet
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3313 ad consecutionem proprii boni, sed magis ad emissionem. Ergo magis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3314 videtur esse causa tristitiae quam delectationis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3315 <p title="I-II q. 32 a. 6 arg. 2"><a name="34936"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3316 "ref">[34936] I&ordf;-IIae q. 32 a. 6 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3317 philosophus dicit, in IV Ethic., quod <i>illiberalitas
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3318 connaturalior est hominibus quam prodigalitas</i>. Sed ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3319 prodigalitatem pertinet benefacere aliis, ad illiberalitatem autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3320 pertinet desistere a benefaciendo. Cum ergo operatio connaturalis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3321 sit delectabilis unicuique, ut dicitur in VII et X Ethic., videtur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3322 quod benefacere aliis non sit causa delectationis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3323 <p title="I-II q. 32 a. 6 arg. 3"><a name="34937"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3324 "ref">[34937] I&ordf;-IIae q. 32 a. 6 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3325 contrarii effectus ex contrariis causis procedunt. Sed quaedam quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3326 pertinent ad malefacere, sunt naturaliter homini delectabilia,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3327 sicut vincere, redarguere vel increpare alios, et etiam punire,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3328 quantum ad iratos, ut dicit philosophus in I Rhetoric. Ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3329 benefacere magis est causa tristitiae quam delectationis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3330 <p title="I-II q. 32 a. 6 s. c."><a name="34938"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3331 "ref">[34938] I&ordf;-IIae q. 32 a. 6 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3332 est quod philosophus dicit, in II Polit., quod <i>largiri et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3333 auxiliari amicis aut extraneis, est delectabilissimum</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3334 <p title="I-II q. 32 a. 6 co."><a name="34939"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3335 "ref">[34939] I&ordf;-IIae q. 32 a. 6 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3336 dicendum quod hoc ipsum quod est benefacere alteri, potest
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3337 tripliciter esse delectationis causa. Uno modo, per comparationem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3338 ad effectum, quod est bonum in altero constitutum. Et secundum hoc,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3339 inquantum bonum alterius reputamus quasi nostrum bonum, propter
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3340 unionem amoris, delectamur in bono quod per nos fit aliis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3341 praecipue amicis, sicut in bono proprio. Alio modo, per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3342 comparationem ad finem, sicut cum aliquis, per hoc quod alteri
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3343 benefacit, sperat consequi aliquod bonum sibi ipsi, vel a Deo vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3344 ab homine. Spes autem delectationis est causa. Tertio modo, per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3345 comparationem ad principium. Et sic hoc quod est benefacere alteri,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3346 potest esse delectabile per comparationem ad triplex principium.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3347 Quorum unum est facultas benefaciendi, et secundum hoc, benefacere
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3348 alteri fit delectabile, inquantum per hoc fit homini quaedam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3349 imaginatio abundantis boni in seipso existentis, ex quo possit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3350 aliis communicare. Et ideo homines delectantur in filiis et in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3351 propriis operibus, sicut quibus communicant proprium bonum. Aliud
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3352 principium est habitus inclinans, secundum quem benefacere fit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3353 alicui connaturale. Unde liberales delectabiliter dant aliis.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3354 Tertium principium est motivum, puta cum aliquis movetur ab aliquo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3355 quem diligit, ad benefaciendum alicui, omnia enim quae facimus vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3356 patimur propter amicum, delectabilia sunt, quia amor praecipua
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3357 causa delectationis est.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3358 <p title="I-II q. 32 a. 6 ad 1"><a name="34940"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3359 "ref">[34940] I&ordf;-IIae q. 32 a. 6 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3360 ergo dicendum quod emissio, inquantum est indicativa proprii boni,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3361 est delectabilis. Sed inquantum evacuat proprium bonum potest esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3362 contristans; sicut quando est immoderata.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3363 <p title="I-II q. 32 a. 6 ad 2"><a name="34941"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3364 "ref">[34941] I&ordf;-IIae q. 32 a. 6 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3365 dicendum quod prodigalitas habet immoderatam emissionem, quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3366 repugnat naturae. Et ideo prodigalitas dicitur esse contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3367 naturam.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3368 <p title="I-II q. 32 a. 6 ad 3"><a name="34942"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3369 "ref">[34942] I&ordf;-IIae q. 32 a. 6 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3370 dicendum quod vincere, redarguere et punire, non est delectabile
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3371 inquantum est in malum alterius, sed inquantum pertinet ad proprium
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3372 bonum, quod plus homo amat quam odiat malum alterius. Vincere enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3373 est delectabile naturaliter, inquantum per hoc homini fit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3374 aestimatio propriae excellentiae. Et propter hoc, omnes ludi in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3375 quibus est concertatio, et in quibus potest esse victoria, sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3376 maxime delectabiles, et universaliter omnes concertationes,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3377 secundum quod habent spem victoriae. Redarguere autem et increpare
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3378 potest esse dupliciter delectationis causa. Uno modo, inquantum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3379 facit homini imaginationem propriae sapientiae et excellentiae,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3380 increpare enim et corripere est sapientum et maiorum alio modo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3381 secundum quod aliquis, increpando et reprehendendo, alteri
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3382 benefacit, quod est delectabile, ut dictum est. Irato autem est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3383 delectabile punire, inquantum videtur removere apparentem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3384 minorationem, quae videtur esse ex praecedenti laesione. Cum enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3385 aliquis est ab aliquo laesus, videtur per hoc ab illo minoratus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3386 esse, et ideo appetit ab hac minoratione liberari per retributionem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3387 laesionis. Et sic patet quod benefacere alteri per se potest esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3388 delectabile, sed malefacere alteri non est delectabile, nisi
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3389 inquantum videtur pertinere ad proprium bonum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3390 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3391 <div class="E">Articulus 7</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3392 <p title="I-II q. 32 a. 7 arg. 1"><a name="34943"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3393 "ref">[34943] I&ordf;-IIae q. 32 a. 7 arg. 1</span></a> Ad septimum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3394 sic proceditur. Videtur quod similitudo non sit causa
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3395 delectationis. Principari enim et praeesse quandam dissimilitudinem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3396 importat. Sed principari et praeesse naturaliter est delectabile,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3397 ut dicitur in I Rhetoric. Ergo dissimilitudo magis est causa
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3398 delectationis quam similitudo.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3399 <p title="I-II q. 32 a. 7 arg. 2"><a name="34944"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3400 "ref">[34944] I&ordf;-IIae q. 32 a. 7 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3401 nihil magis est dissimile delectationi quam tristitia. Sed illi qui
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3402 patiuntur tristitias, maxime sequuntur delectationes, ut dicitur in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3403 VII Ethic. Ergo dissimilitudo est magis causa delectationis quam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3404 similitudo.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3405 <p title="I-II q. 32 a. 7 arg. 3"><a name="34945"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3406 "ref">[34945] I&ordf;-IIae q. 32 a. 7 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3407 illi qui sunt repleti aliquibus delectabilibus, non delectantur in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3408 eis, sed magis fastidiunt ea, sicut patet in repletione ciborum.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3409 Non ergo similitudo est delectationis causa.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3410 <p title="I-II q. 32 a. 7 s. c."><a name="34946"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3411 "ref">[34946] I&ordf;-IIae q. 32 a. 7 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3412 est quod similitudo est causa amoris, ut dictum est supra. Amor
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3413 autem est causa delectationis. Ergo similitudo est causa
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3414 delectationis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3415 <p title="I-II q. 32 a. 7 co."><a name="34947"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3416 "ref">[34947] I&ordf;-IIae q. 32 a. 7 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3417 dicendum quod similitudo est quaedam unitas, unde id quod est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3418 simile, inquantum est unum, est delectabile, sicut et amabile, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3419 supra dictum est. Et si quidem id quod est simile, proprium bonum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3420 non corrumpat, sed augeat, est simpliciter delectabile, puta homo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3421 homini, et iuvenis iuveni. Si vero sit corruptivum proprii boni,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3422 sic per accidens efficitur fastidiosum vel contristans; non quidem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3423 inquantum est simile et unum, sed inquantum corrumpit id quod est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3424 magis unum. Quod autem aliquid simile corrumpat proprium bonum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3425 contingit dupliciter. Uno modo, quia corrumpit mensuram proprii
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3426 boni per quendam excessum, bonum enim, praecipue corporale, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3427 sanitas, in quadam commensuratione consistit. Et propter hoc,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3428 superabundantes cibi, vel quaelibet delectationes corporales,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3429 fastidiuntur. Alio modo, per directam contrarietatem ad proprium
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3430 bonum, sicut figuli abominantur alios figulos, non inquantum sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3431 figuli, sed inquantum per eos amittunt excellentiam propriam, sive
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3432 proprium lucrum, quae appetunt sicut proprium bonum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3433 <p title="I-II q. 32 a. 7 ad 1"><a name="34948"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3434 "ref">[34948] I&ordf;-IIae q. 32 a. 7 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3435 ergo dicendum quod, cum sit quaedam communicatio principantis ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3436 subiectum, est ibi quaedam similitudo. Tamen secundum quandam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3437 excellentiam, eo quod principari et praeesse pertinent ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3438 excellentiam proprii boni, sapientum enim et meliorum est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3439 principari et praeesse. Unde per hoc fit homini propriae bonitatis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3440 imaginatio. Vel quia per hoc quod homo principatur et praeest,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3441 aliis benefacit, quod est delectabile.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3442 <p title="I-II q. 32 a. 7 ad 2"><a name="34949"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3443 "ref">[34949] I&ordf;-IIae q. 32 a. 7 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3444 dicendum quod id in quo delectatur tristatus, etsi non sit simile
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3445 tristitiae, est tamen simile homini contristato. Quia tristitiae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3446 contrariantur proprio bono eius qui tristatur. Et ideo appetitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3447 delectatio ab his qui in tristitia sunt, ut conferens ad proprium
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3448 bonum, inquantum est medicativa contrarii. Et ista est causa quare
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3449 delectationes corporales, quibus sunt contrariae quaedam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3450 tristitiae, magis appetuntur, quam delectationes intellectuales,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3451 quae non habent contrarietatem tristitiae, ut infra dicetur. Exinde
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3452 etiam est quod omnia animalia naturaliter appetunt delectationem,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3453 quia semper animal laborat per sensum et motum. Et propter hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3454 etiam iuvenes maxime delectationes appetunt; propter multas
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3455 transmutationes in eis existentes, dum sunt in statu augmenti. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3456 etiam melancholici vehementer appetunt delectationes, ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3457 expellendum tristitiam, quia corpus eorum quasi pravo humore
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3458 corroditur, ut dicitur in VII Ethic.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3459 <p title="I-II q. 32 a. 7 ad 3"><a name="34950"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3460 "ref">[34950] I&ordf;-IIae q. 32 a. 7 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3461 dicendum quod bona corporalia in quadam mensura consistunt, et ideo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3462 superexcessus similium corrumpit proprium bonum. Et propter hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3463 efficitur fastidiosum et contristans, inquantum contrariatur bono
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3464 proprio hominis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3465 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3466 <div class="E">Articulus 8</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3467 <p title="I-II q. 32 a. 8 arg. 1"><a name="34951"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3468 "ref">[34951] I&ordf;-IIae q. 32 a. 8 arg. 1</span></a> Ad octavum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3469 sic proceditur. Videtur quod admiratio non sit causa delectationis.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3470 Admirari enim est ignorantis naturae, ut Damascenus dicit. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3471 ignorantia non est delectabilis, sed magis scientia. Ergo admiratio
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3472 non est causa delectationis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3473 <p title="I-II q. 32 a. 8 arg. 2"><a name="34952"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3474 "ref">[34952] I&ordf;-IIae q. 32 a. 8 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3475 admiratio est principium sapientiae, quasi via ad inquirendum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3476 veritatem, ut dicitur in principio Metaphys. <i>Sed delectabilius
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3477 est contemplari iam cognita, quam inquirere ignota</i>, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3478 philosophus dicit in X Ethic., cum hoc habeat difficultatem et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3479 impedimentum, illud autem non habeat; delectatio autem causatur ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3480 operatione non impedita, ut dicitur in VII Ethic. Ergo admiratio
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3481 non est causa delectationis, sed magis delectationem impedit.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3482 <p title="I-II q. 32 a. 8 arg. 3"><a name="34953"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3483 "ref">[34953] I&ordf;-IIae q. 32 a. 8 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3484 unusquisque in consuetis delectatur, unde operationes habituum per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3485 consuetudinem acquisitorum, sunt delectabiles. Sed consueta non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3486 sunt admirabilia, ut dicit Augustinus, super Ioan. Ergo admiratio
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3487 contrariatur causae delectationis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3488 <p title="I-II q. 32 a. 8 s. c."><a name="34954"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3489 "ref">[34954] I&ordf;-IIae q. 32 a. 8 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3490 est quod philosophus dicit, in I Rhetoric., quod admiratio est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3491 delectationis causa.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3492 <p title="I-II q. 32 a. 8 co."><a name="34955"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3493 "ref">[34955] I&ordf;-IIae q. 32 a. 8 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3494 dicendum quod adipisci desiderata est delectabile, ut supra dictum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3495 est. Et ideo quanto alicuius rei amatae magis crescit desiderium,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3496 tanto magis per adeptionem crescit delectatio. Et etiam in ipso
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3497 augmento desiderii fit augmentum delectationis, secundum quod fit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3498 etiam spes rei amatae; sicut supra dictum est quod ipsum desiderium
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3499 ex spe est delectabile. Est autem admiratio desiderium quoddam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3500 sciendi, quod in homine contingit ex hoc quod videt effectum et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3501 ignorat causam, vel ex hoc quod causa talis effectus excedit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3502 cognitionem aut facultatem ipsius. Et ideo admiratio est causa
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3503 delectationis inquantum habet adiunctam spem consequendi
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3504 cognitionem eius quod scire desiderat. Et propter hoc omnia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3505 mirabilia sunt delectabilia, sicut quae sunt rara, et omnes
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3506 repraesentationes rerum, etiam quae in se non sunt delectabiles;
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3507 gaudet enim anima in collatione unius ad alterum, quia conferre
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3508 unum alteri est proprius et connaturalis actus rationis, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3509 philosophus dicit in sua poetica. Et propter hoc etiam <i>liberari
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3510 a magnis periculis magis est delectabile, quia est admirabile</i>,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3511 ut dicitur in I Rhetoric.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3512 <p title="I-II q. 32 a. 8 ad 1"><a name="34956"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3513 "ref">[34956] I&ordf;-IIae q. 32 a. 8 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3514 ergo dicendum quod admiratio non est delectabilis inquantum habet
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3515 ignorantiam, sed inquantum habet desiderium addiscendi causam; et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3516 inquantum admirans aliquid novum addiscit, scilicet talem esse quem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3517 non aestimabat.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3518 <p title="I-II q. 32 a. 8 ad 2"><a name="34957"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3519 "ref">[34957] I&ordf;-IIae q. 32 a. 8 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3520 dicendum quod delectatio duo habet, scilicet quietem in bono, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3521 huiusmodi quietis perceptionem. Quantum igitur ad primum, cum sit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3522 perfectius contemplari veritatem cognitam quam inquirere ignotam,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3523 contemplationes rerum scitarum, per se loquendo, sunt magis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3524 delectabiles quam inquisitiones rerum ignotarum. Tamen per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3525 accidens, quantum ad secundum, contingit quod inquisitiones sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3526 quandoque delectabiliores, secundum quod ex maiori desiderio
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3527 procedunt, desiderium autem maius excitatur ex perceptione
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3528 ignorantiae. Unde maxime homo delectatur in his quae de novo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3529 invenit aut addiscit.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3530 <p title="I-II q. 32 a. 8 ad 3"><a name="34958"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3531 "ref">[34958] I&ordf;-IIae q. 32 a. 8 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3532 dicendum quod ea quae sunt consueta, sunt delectabilia ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3533 operandum, inquantum sunt quasi connaturalia. Sed tamen ea quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3534 sunt rara, possunt esse delectabilia, vel ratione cognitionis, quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3535 desideratur eorum scientia, inquantum sunt mira; vel ratione
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3536 operationis, <i>quia ex desiderio magis inclinatur mens ad hoc quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3537 intense in novitate operetur</i>, ut dicitur in X Ethic.;
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3538 perfectior enim operatio causat perfectiorem delectationem.</p>
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3539 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3540 <div class="D">Quaestio 33</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3541 <div class="G">Prooemium</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3542 <p title="I-II q. 33 pr."><a name="34959"><span class="ref">[34959]
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3543 I&ordf;-IIae q. 33 pr.</span></a> Deinde considerandum est de
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3544 effectibus delectationis. Et circa hoc quaeruntur quatuor. Primo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3545 utrum delectationis sit dilatare. Secundo, utrum delectatio causet
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3546 sui sitim, vel desiderium. Tertio, utrum delectatio impediat usum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3547 rationis. Quarto, utrum delectatio perficiat operationem.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3548 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3549 <div class="E">Articulus 1</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3550 <p title="I-II q. 33 a. 1 arg. 1"><a name="34960"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3551 "ref">[34960] I&ordf;-IIae q. 33 a. 1 arg. 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3552 sic proceditur. Videtur quod dilatatio non sit effectus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3553 delectationis. Dilatatio enim videtur ad amorem magis pertinere,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3554 secundum quod dicit apostolus, II ad Cor. VI, <i>cor nostrum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3555 dilatatum est</i>. Unde et de praecepto caritatis in Psalmo CXVIII,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3556 dicitur, <i>latum mandatum tuum nimis</i>. Sed delectatio est alia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3557 passio ab amore. Ergo dilatatio non est effectus delectationis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3558 <p title="I-II q. 33 a. 1 arg. 2"><a name="34961"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3559 "ref">[34961] I&ordf;-IIae q. 33 a. 1 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3560 ex hoc quod aliquid dilatatur, efficitur capacius ad recipiendum.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3561 Sed receptio pertinet ad desiderium, quod est rei nondum habitae.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3562 Ergo dilatatio magis videtur pertinere ad desiderium quam ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3563 delectationem.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3564 <p title="I-II q. 33 a. 1 arg. 3"><a name="34962"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3565 "ref">[34962] I&ordf;-IIae q. 33 a. 1 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3566 constrictio dilatationi opponitur. Sed constrictio videtur ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3567 delectationem pertinere, nam illud constringimus quod firmiter
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3568 volumus retinere; et talis est affectio appetitus circa rem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3569 delectantem. Ergo dilatatio ad delectationem non pertinet.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3570 <p title="I-II q. 33 a. 1 s. c."><a name="34963"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3571 "ref">[34963] I&ordf;-IIae q. 33 a. 1 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3572 est quod, ad expressionem gaudii, dicitur Isaiae LX, <i>videbis, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3573 affluens, et mirabitur et dilatabitur cor tuum</i>. Ipsa etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3574 delectatio ex dilatatione nomen accepit ut laetitia nominetur sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3575 supra dictum est.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3576 <p title="I-II q. 33 a. 1 co."><a name="34964"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3577 "ref">[34964] I&ordf;-IIae q. 33 a. 1 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3578 dicendum quod latitudo est quaedam dimensio magnitudinis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3579 corporalis, unde in affectionibus animae non nisi secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3580 metaphoram dicitur. Dilatatio autem dicitur quasi motus ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3581 latitudinem. Et competit delectationi secundum duo quae ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3582 delectationem requiruntur. Quorum unum est ex parte apprehensivae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3583 virtutis, quae apprehendit coniunctionem alicuius boni
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3584 convenientis. Ex hac autem apprehensione apprehendit se homo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3585 perfectionem quandam adeptum, quae est spiritualis magnitudo, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3586 secundum hoc, animus hominis dicitur per delectationem magnificari,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3587 seu dilatari. Aliud autem est ex parte appetitivae virtutis, quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3588 assentit rei delectabili, et in ea quiescit, quodammodo se praebens
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3589 ei ad eam interius capiendam. Et sic dilatatur affectus hominis per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3590 delectationem, quasi se tradens ad continendum interius rem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3591 delectantem.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3592 <p title="I-II q. 33 a. 1 ad 1"><a name="34965"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3593 "ref">[34965] I&ordf;-IIae q. 33 a. 1 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3594 ergo dicendum quod nihil prohibet in his quae dicuntur metaphorice,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3595 idem diversis attribui secundum diversas similitudines. Et secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3596 hoc, dilatatio pertinet ad amorem ratione cuiusdam extensionis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3597 inquantum affectus amantis ad alios extenditur, ut curet non solum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3598 quae sua sunt, sed quae aliorum. Ad delectationem vero pertinet
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3599 dilatatio, inquantum aliquid in seipso ampliatur, ut quasi capacius
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3600 reddatur.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3601 <p title="I-II q. 33 a. 1 ad 2"><a name="34966"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3602 "ref">[34966] I&ordf;-IIae q. 33 a. 1 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3603 dicendum quod desiderium habet quidem aliquam ampliationem ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3604 imaginatione rei desideratae, sed multo magis ex praesentia rei iam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3605 delectantis. Quia magis praebet se animus rei iam delectanti, quam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3606 rei non habitae desideratae, cum delectatio sit finis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3607 desiderii.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3608 <p title="I-II q. 33 a. 1 ad 3"><a name="34967"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3609 "ref">[34967] I&ordf;-IIae q. 33 a. 1 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3610 dicendum quod ille qui delectatur, constringit quidem rem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3611 delectantem, dum ei fortiter inhaeret, sed cor suum ampliat, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3612 perfecte delectabili fruatur.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3613 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3614 <div class="E">Articulus 2</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3615 <p title="I-II q. 33 a. 2 arg. 1"><a name="34968"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3616 "ref">[34968] I&ordf;-IIae q. 33 a. 2 arg. 1</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3617 sic proceditur. Videtur quod delectatio non causet desiderium sui
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3618 ipsius. Omnis enim motus cessat, cum pervenerit ad quietem. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3619 delectatio est quasi quaedam quies motus desiderii, ut supra dictum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3620 est. Cessat ergo motus desiderii, cum ad delectationem pervenerit.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3621 Non ergo delectatio causat desiderium.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3622 <p title="I-II q. 33 a. 2 arg. 2"><a name="34969"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3623 "ref">[34969] I&ordf;-IIae q. 33 a. 2 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3624 oppositum non est causa sui oppositi. Sed delectatio quodammodo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3625 desiderio opponitur, ex parte obiecti, nam desiderium est boni non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3626 habiti, delectatio vero boni iam habiti. Ergo delectatio non causat
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3627 desiderium sui ipsius.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3628 <p title="I-II q. 33 a. 2 arg. 3"><a name="34970"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3629 "ref">[34970] I&ordf;-IIae q. 33 a. 2 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3630 fastidium desiderio repugnat. Sed delectatio plerumque causat
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3631 fastidium. Non ergo facit sui desiderium.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3632 <p title="I-II q. 33 a. 2 s. c."><a name="34971"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3633 "ref">[34971] I&ordf;-IIae q. 33 a. 2 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3634 est quod dominus dicit, Ioan. IV, <i>qui biberit ex hac aqua,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3635 sitiet iterum</i>, per aquam autem significatur, secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3636 Augustinum, delectatio corporalis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3637 <p title="I-II q. 33 a. 2 co."><a name="34972"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3638 "ref">[34972] I&ordf;-IIae q. 33 a. 2 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3639 dicendum quod delectatio dupliciter potest considerari, uno modo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3640 secundum quod est in actu; alio modo, secundum quod est in memoria.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3641 Item sitis, vel desiderium, potest dupliciter accipi, uno modo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3642 proprie, secundum quod importat appetitum rei non habitae; alio
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3643 modo, communiter, secundum quod importat exclusionem fastidii.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3644 Secundum quidem igitur quod est in actu, delectatio non causat
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3645 sitim vel desiderium sui ipsius, per se loquendo, sed solum per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3646 accidens, si tamen sitis vel desiderium dicatur rei non habitae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3647 appetitus, nam delectatio est affectio appetitus circa rem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3648 praesentem. Sed contingit rem praesentem non perfecte haberi. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3649 hoc potest esse vel ex parte rei habitae, vel ex parte habentis. Ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3650 parte quidem rei habitae, eo quod res habita non est tota simul,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3651 unde successive recipitur, et dum aliquis delectatur in eo quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3652 habet, desiderat potiri eo quod restat; sicut qui audit primam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3653 partem versus, et in hoc delectatur, desiderat alteram partem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3654 versus audire, ut Augustinus dicit, IV Confess. Et hoc modo omnes
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3655 fere delectationes corporales faciunt sui ipsarum sitim, quousque
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3656 consummentur, eo quod tales delectationes consequuntur aliquem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3657 motum, sicut patet in delectationibus ciborum. Ex parte autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3658 ipsius habentis, sicut cum aliquis aliquam rem in se perfectam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3659 existentem, non statim perfecte habet, sed paulatim acquirit. Sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3660 in mundo isto, percipientes aliquid imperfecte de divina
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3661 cognitione, delectamur; et ipsa delectatio excitat sitim vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3662 desiderium perfectae cognitionis; secundum quod potest intelligi
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3663 quod habetur Eccli. XXIV, <i>qui bibunt me, adhuc sitient</i>. Si
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3664 vero per sitim vel desiderium intelligatur sola intensio affectus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3665 tollens fastidium, sic delectationes spirituales maxime faciunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3666 sitim vel desiderium sui ipsarum. Delectationes enim corporales,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3667 quia augmentatae, vel etiam continuatae, faciunt superexcrescentiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3668 naturalis habitudinis, efficiuntur fastidiosae; ut patet in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3669 delectatione ciborum. Et propter hoc, quando aliquis iam pervenit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3670 ad perfectum in delectationibus corporalibus, fastidit eas, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3671 quandoque appetit aliquas alias. Sed delectationes spirituales non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3672 superexcrescunt naturalem habitudinem, sed perficiunt naturam. Unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3673 cum pervenitur ad consummationem in ipsis, tunc sunt magis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3674 delectabiles, nisi forte per accidens, inquantum operationi
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3675 contemplativae adiunguntur aliquae operationes virtutum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3676 corporalium, quae per assiduitatem operandi lassantur. Et per hunc
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3677 etiam modum potest intelligi quod dicitur Eccli. XXIV <i>qui bibit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3678 me, adhuc sitiet</i>. Quia etiam de Angelis, qui perfecte Deum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3679 cognoscunt, et delectantur in ipso, dicitur I Petri I, quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3680 <i>desiderant in eum conspicere</i>. Si vero consideretur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3681 delectatio prout est in memoria et non in actu, sic per se nata est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3682 causare sui ipsius sitim et desiderium, quando scilicet homo redit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3683 ad illam dispositionem in qua erat sibi delectabile quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3684 praeteriit. Si vero immutatus sit ab illa dispositione, memoria
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3685 delectationis non causat in eo delectationem, sed fastidium, sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3686 pleno existenti memoria cibi.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3687 <p title="I-II q. 33 a. 2 ad 1"><a name="34973"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3688 "ref">[34973] I&ordf;-IIae q. 33 a. 2 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3689 ergo dicendum quod, quando delectatio est perfecta, tunc habet
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3690 omnimodam quietem, et cessat motus desiderii tendentis in non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3691 habitum. Sed quando imperfecte habetur, tunc non omnino cessat
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3692 motus desiderii tendentis in non habitum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3693 <p title="I-II q. 33 a. 2 ad 2"><a name="34974"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3694 "ref">[34974] I&ordf;-IIae q. 33 a. 2 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3695 dicendum quod id quod imperfecte habetur, secundum quid habetur, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3696 secundum quid non habetur. Et ideo simul de eo potest esse et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3697 desiderium et delectatio.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3698 <p title="I-II q. 33 a. 2 ad 3"><a name="34975"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3699 "ref">[34975] I&ordf;-IIae q. 33 a. 2 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3700 dicendum quod delectationes alio modo causant fastidium, et alio
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3701 modo desiderium, ut dictum est.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3702 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3703 <div class="E">Articulus 3</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3704 <p title="I-II q. 33 a. 3 arg. 1"><a name="34976"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3705 "ref">[34976] I&ordf;-IIae q. 33 a. 3 arg. 1</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3706 sic proceditur. Videtur quod delectatio non impediat usum rationis.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3707 Quies enim maxime confert ad debitum rationis usum, unde dicitur in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3708 VII Physic., quod in sedendo et quiescendo fit anima sciens et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3709 prudens; et Sap. VIII, <i>intrans in domum meam, conquiescam cum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3710 illa</i>, scilicet sapientia. Sed delectatio est quaedam quies.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3711 Ergo non impedit, sed magis iuvat rationis usum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3712 <p title="I-II q. 33 a. 3 arg. 2"><a name="34977"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3713 "ref">[34977] I&ordf;-IIae q. 33 a. 3 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3714 ea quae non sunt in eodem, etiam si sint contraria, non se
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3715 impediunt. Sed delectatio est in parte appetitiva, usus autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3716 rationis in parte apprehensiva. Ergo delectatio non impedit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3717 rationis usum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3718 <p title="I-II q. 33 a. 3 arg. 3"><a name="34978"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3719 "ref">[34978] I&ordf;-IIae q. 33 a. 3 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3720 quod impeditur ab alio, videtur quodammodo transmutari ab ipso. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3721 usus apprehensivae virtutis magis movet delectationem quam a
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3722 delectatione moveatur, est enim causa delectationis. Ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3723 delectatio non impedit usum rationis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3724 <p title="I-II q. 33 a. 3 s. c."><a name="34979"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3725 "ref">[34979] I&ordf;-IIae q. 33 a. 3 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3726 est quod philosophus dicit, in VI Ethic., quod <i>delectatio
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3727 corrumpit existimationem prudentiae</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3728 <p title="I-II q. 33 a. 3 co."><a name="34980"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3729 "ref">[34980] I&ordf;-IIae q. 33 a. 3 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3730 dicendum quod, sicut dicitur in X Ethic., delectationes propriae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3731 adaugent operationes, extraneae vero impediunt. Est ergo quaedam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3732 delectatio quae habetur de ipso actu rationis, sicut cum aliquis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3733 delectatur in contemplando vel ratiocinando. Et talis delectatio
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3734 non impedit usum rationis, sed ipsum adiuvat, quia illud attentius
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3735 operamur in quo delectamur; attentio autem adiuvat operationem. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3736 delectationes corporales impediunt usum rationis triplici ratione.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3737 Primo quidem, ratione distractionis. Quia, sicut iam dictum est, ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3738 ea in quibus delectamur, multum attendimus, cum autem attentio
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3739 fortiter inhaeserit alicui rei, debilitatur circa alias res, vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3740 totaliter ab eis revocatur. Et secundum hoc, si delectatio
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3741 corporalis fuerit magna, vel totaliter impediet usum rationis, ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3742 se intentionem animi attrahendo; vel multum impediet. Secundo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3743 ratione contrarietatis. Quaedam enim delectationes, maxime
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3744 superexcedentes, sunt contra ordinem rationis. Et per hunc modum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3745 philosophus dicit, in VI Ethic., quod <i>delectationes corporales
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3746 corrumpunt existimationem prudentiae, non autem existimationem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3747 speculativam</i>, cui non contrariantur, <i>puta quod triangulus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3748 habet tres angulos aequales duobus rectis</i>. Secundum autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3749 primum modum, utramque impedit. Tertio modo, secundum quandam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3750 ligationem, inquantum scilicet ad delectationem corporalem sequitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3751 quaedam transmutatio corporalis, maior etiam quam in aliis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3752 passionibus, quanto vehementius afficitur appetitus ad rem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3753 praesentem quam ad rem absentem. Huiusmodi autem corporales
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3754 perturbationes impediunt usum rationis, sicut patet in vinolentis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3755 qui habent usum rationis ligatum vel impeditum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3756 <p title="I-II q. 33 a. 3 ad 1"><a name="34981"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3757 "ref">[34981] I&ordf;-IIae q. 33 a. 3 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3758 ergo dicendum quod delectatio corporalis habet quidem quietem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3759 appetitus in delectabili, quae quies interdum contrariatur rationi;
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3760 sed ex parte corporis, semper habet transmutationem. Et quantum ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3761 utrumque, impedit rationis usum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3762 <p title="I-II q. 33 a. 3 ad 2"><a name="34982"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3763 "ref">[34982] I&ordf;-IIae q. 33 a. 3 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3764 dicendum quod vis appetitiva et apprehensiva sunt quidem diversae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3765 partes, sed unius animae. Et ideo cum intentio animae vehementer
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3766 applicatur ad actum unius, impeditur ab actu contrario
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3767 alterius.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3768 <p title="I-II q. 33 a. 3 ad 3"><a name="34983"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3769 "ref">[34983] I&ordf;-IIae q. 33 a. 3 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3770 dicendum quod usus rationis requirit debitum usum imaginationis et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3771 aliarum virium sensitivarum, quae utuntur organo corporali. Et ideo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3772 ex transmutatione corporali usus rationis impeditur, impedito actu
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3773 virtutis imaginativae et aliarum sensitivarum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3774 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3775 <div class="E">Articulus 4</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3776 <p title="I-II q. 33 a. 4 arg. 1"><a name="34984"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3777 "ref">[34984] I&ordf;-IIae q. 33 a. 4 arg. 1</span></a> Ad quartum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3778 sic proceditur. Videtur quod delectatio non perficiat operationem.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3779 Omnis enim humana operatio ab usu rationis dependet. Sed delectatio
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3780 impedit usum rationis, ut dictum est. Ergo delectatio non perficit,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3781 sed debilitat operationem humanam.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3782 <p title="I-II q. 33 a. 4 arg. 2"><a name="34985"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3783 "ref">[34985] I&ordf;-IIae q. 33 a. 4 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3784 nihil est perfectivum sui ipsius, vel suae causae. Sed delectatio
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3785 est operatio, ut dicitur in VII et X Ethic., quod oportet ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3786 intelligatur vel essentialiter, vel causaliter. Ergo delectatio non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3787 perficit operationem.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3788 <p title="I-II q. 33 a. 4 arg. 3"><a name="34986"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3789 "ref">[34986] I&ordf;-IIae q. 33 a. 4 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3790 si delectatio perficit operationem, aut perficit ipsam sicut finis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3791 aut sicut forma, aut sicut agens. Sed non sicut finis, quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3792 operationes non quaeruntur propter delectationem, sed magis e
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3793 converso, ut supra dictum est. Nec iterum per modum efficientis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3794 quia magis operatio est causa efficiens delectationis. Nec iterum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3795 sicut forma, non enim perficit delectatio operationem ut habitus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3796 quidam, secundum philosophum, in X Ethic. Delectatio ergo non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3797 perficit operationem.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3798 <p title="I-II q. 33 a. 4 s. c."><a name="34987"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3799 "ref">[34987] I&ordf;-IIae q. 33 a. 4 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3800 est quod dicitur ibidem, quod delectatio operationem perficit.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3801 <p title="I-II q. 33 a. 4 co."><a name="34988"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3802 "ref">[34988] I&ordf;-IIae q. 33 a. 4 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3803 dicendum quod delectatio dupliciter operationem perficit. Uno modo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3804 per modum finis, non quidem secundum quod finis dicitur id propter
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3805 quod aliquid est; sed secundum quod omne bonum completive
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3806 superveniens, potest dici finis. Et secundum hoc dicit philosophus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3807 in X Ethic., quod <i>delectatio perficit operationem sicut quidam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3808 superveniens finis</i>, inquantum scilicet super hoc bonum quod est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3809 operatio, supervenit aliud bonum quod est delectatio, quae importat
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3810 quietationem appetitus in bono praesupposito. Secundo modo, ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3811 parte causae agentis. Non quidem directe, quia philosophus dicit,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3812 in X Ethic., quod <i>perficit delectatio operationem, non sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3813 medicus sanum, sed sicut sanitas</i>. Indirecte autem, inquantum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3814 scilicet agens, quia delectatur in sua actione, vehementius
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3815 attendit ad ipsam, et diligentius eam operatur. Et secundum hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3816 dicitur in X Ethic., quod <i>delectationes adaugent proprias
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3817 operationes, et impediunt extraneas</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3818 <p title="I-II q. 33 a. 4 ad 1"><a name="34989"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3819 "ref">[34989] I&ordf;-IIae q. 33 a. 4 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3820 ergo dicendum quod non omnis delectatio impedit actum rationis, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3821 delectatio corporalis; quae non consequitur actum rationis, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3822 actum concupiscibilis, qui per delectationem augetur. Delectatio
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3823 autem quae consequitur actum rationis, fortificat rationis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3824 usum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3825 <p title="I-II q. 33 a. 4 ad 2"><a name="34990"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3826 "ref">[34990] I&ordf;-IIae q. 33 a. 4 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3827 dicendum quod, sicut dicitur in II Physic., contingit quod duo sibi
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3828 invicem sunt causa, ita quod unum sit causa efficiens, et aliud
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3829 causa finalis alterius. Et per hunc modum, operatio causat
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3830 delectationem sicut causa efficiens; delectatio autem perficit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3831 operationem per modum finis, ut dictum est.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3832 <p title="I-II q. 33 a. 4 ad 3"><a name="34991"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3833 "ref">[34991] I&ordf;-IIae q. 33 a. 4 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3834 patet responsio ex dictis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3835 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3836 <div class="D">Quaestio 34</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3837 <div class="G">Prooemium</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3838 <p title="I-II q. 34 pr."><a name="34992"><span class="ref">[34992]
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3839 I&ordf;-IIae q. 34 pr.</span></a> Deinde considerandum est de
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3840 bonitate et malitia delectationum. Et circa hoc quaeruntur quatuor.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3841 Primo, utrum omnis delectatio sit mala. Secundo, dato quod non,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3842 utrum omnis delectatio sit bona. Tertio, utrum aliqua delectatio
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3843 sit optimum. Quarto, utrum delectatio sit mensura vel regula
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3844 secundum quam iudicetur bonum vel malum in moralibus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3845 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3846 <div class="E">Articulus 1</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3847 <p title="I-II q. 34 a. 1 arg. 1"><a name="34993"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3848 "ref">[34993] I&ordf;-IIae q. 34 a. 1 arg. 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3849 sic proceditur. Videtur quod omnis delectatio sit mala. Illud enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3850 quod corrumpit prudentiam, et impedit rationis usum, videtur esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3851 secundum se malum, quia bonum hominis est secundum rationem esse,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3852 ut Dionysius dicit, in IV cap. de Div. Nom. Sed delectatio
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3853 corrumpit prudentiam, et impedit rationis usum, et tanto magis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3854 quanto delectationes sunt maiores. Unde in delectationibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3855 venereis, quae sunt maximae, impossibile est aliquid intelligere,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3856 ut dicitur in VII Ethic. Et Hieronymus etiam dicit, super Matth.,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3857 quod <i>illo tempore quo coniugales actus geruntur, praesentia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3858 sancti spiritus non dabitur, etiam si propheta esse videatur qui
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3859 officio generationis obsequitur</i>. Ergo delectatio est secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3860 se malum. Ergo omnis delectatio mala.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3861 <p title="I-II q. 34 a. 1 arg. 2"><a name="34994"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3862 "ref">[34994] I&ordf;-IIae q. 34 a. 1 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3863 illud quod fugit virtuosus, et prosequitur deficiens a virtute,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3864 videtur esse secundum se malum, et fugiendum, quia, ut dicitur in X
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3865 Ethic., <i>virtuosus est quasi mensura et regula humanorum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3866 actuum</i>; et apostolus dicit, I ad Cor. II, <i>spiritualis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3867 iudicat omnia</i>. Sed pueri et bestiae, in quibus non est virtus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3868 prosequuntur delectationes, fugit autem eas temperatus. Ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3869 delectationes secundum se sunt malae, et fugiendae.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3870 <p title="I-II q. 34 a. 1 arg. 3"><a name="34995"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3871 "ref">[34995] I&ordf;-IIae q. 34 a. 1 arg. 3</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3872 <i>Praeterea, virtus et ars sunt circa difficile et bonum</i>, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3873 dicitur in II Ethic. Sed nulla ars ordinata est ad delectationem.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3874 Ergo delectatio non est aliquid bonum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3875 <p title="I-II q. 34 a. 1 s. c."><a name="34996"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3876 "ref">[34996] I&ordf;-IIae q. 34 a. 1 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3877 est quod in Psalmo XXXVI, dicitur, <i>delectare in domino</i>. Cum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3878 igitur ad nihil mali auctoritas divina inducat, videtur quod non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3879 omnis delectatio sit mala.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3880 <p title="I-II q. 34 a. 1 co."><a name="34997"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3881 "ref">[34997] I&ordf;-IIae q. 34 a. 1 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3882 dicendum quod, sicut dicitur in X Ethic., aliqui posuerunt omnes
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3883 delectationes esse malas. Cuius ratio videtur fuisse, quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3884 intentionem suam referebant ad solas delectationes sensibiles et
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3885 corporales, quae sunt magis manifestae, nam et in ceteris
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3886 intelligibilia a sensibilibus antiqui philosophi non distinguebant,
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3887 nec intellectum a sensu, ut dicitur in libro de anima.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3888 Delectationes autem corporales ut dicitur in libro de anima.
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3889 Delectationes autem corporales arbitrabantur dicendum omnes esse
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3890 malas, ut sic homines, qui ad delectationes immoderatas sunt proni,
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3891 a delectationibus se retrahentes, ad medium virtutis perveniant.
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3892 Sed haec existimatio non fuit conveniens. Cum enim nullus possit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3893 vivere sine aliqua sensibili et corporali delectatione, si illi qui
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3894 docent omnes delectationes esse malas, deprehendantur aliquas
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3895 delectationes suscipere; magis homines ad delectationes erunt
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3896 proclives exemplo operum, verborum doctrina praetermissa. In
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3897 operationibus enim et passionibus humanis, in quibus experientia
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3898 plurimum valet, magis movent exempla quam verba. Dicendum est ergo
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3899 aliquas delectationes esse bonas, et aliquas esse malas. Est enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3900 delectatio quies appetitivae virtutis in aliquo bono amato, et
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3901 consequens aliquam operationem. Unde huius ratio duplex accipi
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3902 potest. Una quidem ex parte boni in quo aliquis quiescens
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3903 delectatur. Bonum enim et malum in moralibus dicitur secundum quod
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3904 convenit rationi vel discordat ab ea, ut supra dictum est, sicut in
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3905 rebus naturalibus aliquid dicitur naturale ex eo quod naturae
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3906 convenit, innaturale vero ex eo quod est a natura discordans. Sicut
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3907 igitur in naturalibus est quaedam quies naturalis, quae scilicet
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3908 est in eo quod convenit naturae, ut cum grave quiescit deorsum; et
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3909 quaedam innaturalis, quae est in eo quod repugnat naturae, sicut
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3910 cum grave quiescit sursum, ita et in moralibus est quaedam
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3911 delectatio bona, secundum quod appetitus superior aut inferior
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3912 requiescit in eo quod convenit rationi; et quaedam mala, ex eo quod
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3913 quiescit in eo quod a ratione discordat, et a lege Dei. Alia ratio
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3914 accipi potest ex parte operationum, quarum quaedam sunt bonae, et
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3915 quaedam malae. Operationibus autem magis sunt affines
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3916 delectationes, quae sunt eis coniunctae, quam concupiscentiae, quae
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3917 tempore eas praecedunt. Unde, cum concupiscentiae bonarum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3918 operationum sint bonae, malarum vero malae; multo magis
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3919 delectationes bonarum operationum sunt bonae, malarum vero
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3920 malae.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3921 <p title="I-II q. 34 a. 1 ad 1"><a name="34998"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3922 "ref">[34998] I&ordf;-IIae q. 34 a. 1 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3923 ergo dicendum quod, sicut supra dictum est, delectationes quae sunt
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3924 de actu rationis, non impediunt rationem, neque corrumpunt
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3925 prudentiam; sed delectationes extraneae, cuiusmodi sunt
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3926 delectationes corporales. Quae quidem rationis usum impediunt,
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3927 sicut supra dictum est, et per contrarietatem appetitus, qui
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3928 quiescit in eo quod repugnat rationi, et ex hoc habet delectatio
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3929 quod sit moraliter mala, vel secundum quandam ligationem rationis,
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3930 sicut in concubitu coniugali delectatio, quamvis sit in eo quod
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3931 convenit rationi, tamen impedit rationis usum, propter corporalem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3932 transmutationem adiunctam. Sed ex hoc non consequitur malitiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3933 moralem, sicut nec somnus quo ligatur usus rationis, moraliter est
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3934 malus, si sit secundum rationem receptus, nam et ipsa ratio hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3935 habet, ut quandoque rationis usus intercipiatur. Dicimus tamen quod
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3936 huiusmodi ligamentum rationis ex delectatione in actu coniugali,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3937 etsi non habeat malitiam moralem, quia non est peccatum mortale nec
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3938 veniale; provenit tamen ex quadam morali malitia, scilicet ex
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3939 peccato primi parentis, nam hoc in statu innocentiae non erat, ut
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3940 patet ex his quae in primo dicta sunt.</p>
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3941 <p title="I-II q. 34 a. 1 ad 2"><a name="34999"><span class=
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3942 "ref">[34999] I&ordf;-IIae q. 34 a. 1 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3943 dicendum quod temperatus non fugit omnes delectationes, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3944 immoderatas, et rationi non convenientes. Quod autem pueri et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3945 bestiae delectationes prosequantur, non ostendit eas universaliter
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3946 esse malas, quia in eis est naturalis appetitus a Deo, qui movetur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3947 in id quod est eis conveniens.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3948 <p title="I-II q. 34 a. 1 ad 3"><a name="35000"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3949 "ref">[35000] I&ordf;-IIae q. 34 a. 1 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3950 dicendum quod non omnis boni est ars, sed exteriorum factibilium,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3951 ut infra dicetur. Circa operationes autem et passiones quae sunt in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3952 nobis, magis est prudentia et virtus quam ars. Et tamen aliqua ars
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3953 est factiva delectationis; scilicet pulmentaria et pigmentaria, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3954 dicitur in VII Ethic.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3955 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3956 <div class="E">Articulus 2</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3957 <p title="I-II q. 34 a. 2 arg. 1"><a name="35001"><span class=
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3958 "ref">[35001] I&ordf;-IIae q. 34 a. 2 arg. 1</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3959 sic proceditur. Videtur quod omnis delectatio sit bona. Sicut enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3960 in primo dictum est, bonum in tria dividitur, scilicet honestum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3961 utile et delectabile. Sed honestum omne est bonum; et similiter
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3962 omne utile. Ergo et omnis delectatio est bona.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3963 <p title="I-II q. 34 a. 2 arg. 2"><a name="35002"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3964 "ref">[35002] I&ordf;-IIae q. 34 a. 2 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3965 illud est per se bonum, quod non quaeritur propter aliud, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3966 dicitur in I Ethic. Sed delectatio non quaeritur propter aliud,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3967 ridiculum enim videtur ab aliquo quaerere quare vult delectari.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3968 Ergo delectatio est per se bonum. Sed quod per se praedicatur de
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3969 aliquo, universaliter praedicatur de eo. Ergo omnis delectatio est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3970 bona.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3971 <p title="I-II q. 34 a. 2 arg. 3"><a name="35003"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3972 "ref">[35003] I&ordf;-IIae q. 34 a. 2 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3973 id quod ab omnibus desideratur, videtur esse per se bonum, nam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3974 bonum est quod omnia appetunt, ut dicitur in I Ethic. Sed omnes
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3975 appetunt aliquam delectationem, etiam pueri et bestiae. Ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3976 delectatio est secundum se bonum. Omnis ergo delectatio est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3977 bona.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3978 <p title="I-II q. 34 a. 2 s. c."><a name="35004"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3979 "ref">[35004] I&ordf;-IIae q. 34 a. 2 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3980 est quod dicitur Prov. II, <i>qui laetantur cum malefecerint, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3981 exultant in rebus pessimis</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3982 <p title="I-II q. 34 a. 2 co."><a name="35005"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3983 "ref">[35005] I&ordf;-IIae q. 34 a. 2 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3984 dicendum quod, sicut aliqui Stoicorum posuerunt omnes delectationes
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3985 esse malas, ita Epicurei posuerunt delectationem secundum se esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3986 bonum, et per consequens delectationes omnes esse bonas. Qui ex hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3987 decepti esse videntur, quod non distinguebant inter id quod est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3988 bonum simpliciter, et id quod est bonum quoad hunc. Simpliciter
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3989 quidem bonum est quod secundum se bonum est. Contingit autem quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3990 non est secundum se bonum, esse huic bonum, dupliciter. Uno modo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3991 quia est ei conveniens secundum dispositionem in qua nunc est, quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3992 tamen non est naturalis, sicut leproso bonum est quandoque comedere
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3993 aliqua venenosa, quae non sunt simpliciter convenientia complexioni
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3994 humanae. Alio modo, quia id quod non est conveniens, aestimatur ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3995 conveniens. Et quia delectatio est quies appetitus in bono, si sit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3996 bonum simpliciter illud in quo quiescit appetitus, erit simpliciter
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3997 delectatio, et simpliciter bona. Si autem non sit bonum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3998 simpliciter, sed quoad hunc, tunc nec delectatio est simpliciter,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3999 sed huic, nec simpliciter est bona, sed bona secundum quid, vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4000 apparens bona.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4001 <p title="I-II q. 34 a. 2 ad 1"><a name="35006"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4002 "ref">[35006] I&ordf;-IIae q. 34 a. 2 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4003 ergo dicendum quod honestum et utile dicuntur secundum rationem, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4004 ideo nihil est honestum vel utile, quod non sit bonum. Delectabile
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4005 autem dicitur secundum appetitum, qui quandoque in illud tendit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4006 quod non est conveniens rationi. Et ideo non omne delectabile est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4007 bonum bonitate morali, quae attenditur secundum rationem.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4008 <p title="I-II q. 34 a. 2 ad 2"><a name="35007"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4009 "ref">[35007] I&ordf;-IIae q. 34 a. 2 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4010 dicendum quod ideo delectatio non quaeritur propter aliud, quia est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4011 quies in fine. Finem autem contingit esse bonum et malum quamvis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4012 nunquam sit finis nisi secundum quod est bonum quoad hunc. Ita
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4013 etiam est de delectatione.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4014 <p title="I-II q. 34 a. 2 ad 3"><a name="35008"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4015 "ref">[35008] I&ordf;-IIae q. 34 a. 2 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4016 dicendum quod hoc modo omnia appetunt delectationem, sicut et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4017 bonum, cum delectatio sit quies appetitus in bono. Sed sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4018 contingit non omne bonum quod appetitur, esse per se et vere bonum;
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4019 ita non omnis delectatio est per se et vere bona.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4020 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4021 <div class="E">Articulus 3</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4022 <p title="I-II q. 34 a. 3 arg. 1"><a name="35009"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4023 "ref">[35009] I&ordf;-IIae q. 34 a. 3 arg. 1</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4024 sic proceditur. Videtur quod nulla delectatio sit optimum. Nulla
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4025 enim generatio est optimum, nam generatio non potest esse ultimus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4026 finis. Sed delectatio consequitur generationem, nam ex eo quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4027 aliquid constituitur in suam naturam, delectatur, ut supra dictum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4028 est. Ergo nulla delectatio potest esse optimum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4029 <p title="I-II q. 34 a. 3 arg. 2"><a name="35010"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4030 "ref">[35010] I&ordf;-IIae q. 34 a. 3 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4031 illud quod est optimum, nullo addito potest fieri melius. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4032 delectatio aliquo addito fit melior, est enim melior delectatio cum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4033 virtute quam sine virtute. Ergo delectatio non est optimum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4034 <p title="I-II q. 34 a. 3 arg. 3"><a name="35011"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4035 "ref">[35011] I&ordf;-IIae q. 34 a. 3 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4036 id quod est optimum, est universaliter bonum, sicut per se bonum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4037 existens, nam quod est per se, est prius et potius eo quod est per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4038 accidens. Sed delectatio non est universaliter bonum, ut dictum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4039 est. Ergo delectatio non est optimum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4040 <p title="I-II q. 34 a. 3 s. c."><a name="35012"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4041 "ref">[35012] I&ordf;-IIae q. 34 a. 3 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4042 beatitudo est optimum, cum sit finis humanae vitae. Sed beatitudo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4043 non est sine delectatione, dicitur enim in Psalmo XV, <i>adimplebis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4044 me laetitia cum vultu tuo; delectationes in dextera tua usque in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4045 finem</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4046 <p title="I-II q. 34 a. 3 co."><a name="35013"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4047 "ref">[35013] I&ordf;-IIae q. 34 a. 3 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4048 dicendum quod Plato non posuit omnes delectationes esse malas,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4049 sicut Stoici; neque omnes esse bonas, sicut Epicurei; sed quasdam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4050 esse bonas, et quasdam esse malas; ita tamen quod nulla sit summum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4051 bonum, vel optimum. Sed quantum ex eius rationibus datur intelligi,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4052 in duobus deficit. In uno quidem quia, cum videret delectationes
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4053 sensibiles et corporales in quodam motu et generatione consistere,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4054 sicut patet in repletione ciborum et huiusmodi; aestimavit omnes
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4055 delectationes consequi generationem et motum. Unde, cum generatio
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4056 et motus sint actus imperfecti, sequeretur quod delectatio non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4057 haberet rationem ultimae perfectionis. Sed hoc manifeste apparet
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4058 falsum in delectationibus intellectualibus. Aliquis enim non solum
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4059 delectatur in generatione scientiae, puta cum addiscit aut miratur,
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4060 sicut supra dictum est; sed etiam in contemplando secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4061 scientiam iam acquisitam. Alio vero modo, quia dicebat optimum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4062 illud quod est simpliciter summum bonum, quod scilicet est ipsum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4063 bonum quasi abstractum et non participatum, sicut ipse Deus est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4064 summum bonum. Nos autem loquimur de optimo in rebus humanis.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4065 Optimum autem in unaquaque re est ultimus finis. Finis autem, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4066 supra dictum est, dupliciter dicitur, scilicet ipsa res, et usus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4067 rei; sicut finis avari est vel pecunia, vel possessio pecuniae. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4068 secundum hoc, ultimus finis hominis dici potest vel ipse Deus, qui
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4069 est summum bonum simpliciter; vel fruitio ipsius, quae importat
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4070 delectationem quandam in ultimo fine. Et per hunc modum aliqua
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4071 delectatio hominis potest dici optimum inter bona humana.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4072 <p title="I-II q. 34 a. 3 ad 1"><a name="35014"><span class=
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4073 "ref">[35014] I&ordf;-IIae q. 34 a. 3 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4074 ergo dicendum quod non omnis delectatio consequitur generationem;
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4075 sed aliquae delectationes consequuntur operationes perfectas, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4076 dictum est. Et ideo nihil prohibet aliquam delectationem esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4077 optimum, etsi non omnis sit talis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4078 <p title="I-II q. 34 a. 3 ad 2"><a name="35015"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4079 "ref">[35015] I&ordf;-IIae q. 34 a. 3 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4080 dicendum quod ratio illa procedit de optimo simpliciter, per cuius
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4081 participationem omnia sunt bona, unde ex nullius additione fit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4082 melius. Sed in aliis bonis universaliter verum est quod quodlibet
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4083 bonum ex additione alterius fit melius. Quamvis posset dici quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4084 delectatio non est aliquid extraneum ab operatione virtutis, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4085 concomitans ipsam, ut in I Ethic. dicitur.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4086 <p title="I-II q. 34 a. 3 ad 3"><a name="35016"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4087 "ref">[35016] I&ordf;-IIae q. 34 a. 3 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4088 dicendum quod delectatio non habet quod sit optimum ex hoc quod est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4089 delectatio, sed ex hoc quod est perfecta quies in optimo. Unde non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4090 oportet quod omnis delectatio sit optima, aut etiam bona. Sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4091 aliqua scientia est optima, non tamen omnis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4092 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4093 <div class="E">Articulus 4</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4094 <p title="I-II q. 34 a. 4 arg. 1"><a name="35017"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4095 "ref">[35017] I&ordf;-IIae q. 34 a. 4 arg. 1</span></a> Ad quartum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4096 sic proceditur. Videtur quod delectatio non sit mensura vel regula
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4097 boni et mali moralis. <i>Omnia enim mensurantur primo sui
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4098 generis</i>, ut dicitur in X Metaphys. Sed delectatio non est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4099 primum in genere moralium, sed praecedunt ipsam amor et desiderium.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4100 Non ergo est regula bonitatis et malitiae in moralibus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4101 <p title="I-II q. 34 a. 4 arg. 2"><a name="35018"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4102 "ref">[35018] I&ordf;-IIae q. 34 a. 4 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4103 mensuram et regulam oportet esse uniformem, et ideo motus qui est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4104 maxime uniformis, est mensura et regula omnium motuum, ut dicitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4105 in X Metaphys. Sed delectatio est varia et multiformis, cum quaedam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4106 earum sint bonae, et quaedam malae. Ergo delectatio non est mensura
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4107 et regula moralium.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4108 <p title="I-II q. 34 a. 4 arg. 3"><a name="35019"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4109 "ref">[35019] I&ordf;-IIae q. 34 a. 4 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4110 certius iudicium sumitur de effectu per causam, quam e converso.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4111 Sed bonitas vel malitia operationis est causa bonitatis vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4112 malitiae delectationis, quia bonae delectationes sunt quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4113 consequuntur bonas operationes, malae autem quae malas, ut dicitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4114 in X Ethic. Ergo delectationes non sunt regula et mensura bonitatis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4115 et malitiae in moralibus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4116 <p title="I-II q. 34 a. 4 s. c."><a name="35020"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4117 "ref">[35020] I&ordf;-IIae q. 34 a. 4 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4118 est quod Augustinus dicit, super illud Psalmi VII, <i>scrutans
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4119 corda et renes Deus, finis curae et cogitationis est delectatio ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4120 quam quis nititur pervenire</i>. Et philosophus dicit, in VII
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4121 Ethic., quod <i>delectatio est finis architecton</i>, idest
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4122 principalis, <i>ad quem respicientes, unumquodque hoc quidem malum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4123 hoc autem bonum simpliciter dicimus</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4124 <p title="I-II q. 34 a. 4 co."><a name="35021"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4125 "ref">[35021] I&ordf;-IIae q. 34 a. 4 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4126 dicendum quod bonitas vel malitia moralis principaliter in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4127 voluntate consistit, ut supra dictum est. Utrum autem voluntas sit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4128 bona vel mala, praecipue ex fine cognoscitur. Id autem habetur pro
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4129 fine, in quo voluntas quiescit. Quies autem voluntatis, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4130 cuiuslibet appetitus, in bono, est delectatio. Et ideo secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4131 delectationem voluntatis humanae, praecipue iudicatur homo bonus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4132 vel malus; est enim bonus et virtuosus qui gaudet in operibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4133 virtutum; malus autem qui in operibus malis. Delectationes autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4134 appetitus sensitivi non sunt regula bonitatis vel malitiae moralis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4135 nam cibus communiter delectabilis est secundum appetitum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4136 sensitivum, bonis et malis. Sed voluntas bonorum delectatur in eis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4137 secundum convenientiam rationis, quam non curat voluntas
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4138 malorum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4139 <p title="I-II q. 34 a. 4 ad 1"><a name="35022"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4140 "ref">[35022] I&ordf;-IIae q. 34 a. 4 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4141 ergo dicendum quod amor et desiderium sunt priora delectatione in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4142 via generationis. Sed delectatio est prior secundum rationem finis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4143 qui in operabilibus habet rationem principii, a quo maxime sumitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4144 iudicium, sicut a regula vel mensura.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4145 <p title="I-II q. 34 a. 4 ad 2"><a name="35023"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4146 "ref">[35023] I&ordf;-IIae q. 34 a. 4 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4147 dicendum quod omnis delectatio in hoc est uniformis, quod est quies
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4148 in aliquo bono, et secundum hoc potest esse regula vel mensura. Nam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4149 ille bonus est cuius voluntas quiescit in vero bono; malus autem,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4150 cuius voluntas quiescit in malo.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4151 <p title="I-II q. 34 a. 4 ad 3"><a name="35024"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4152 "ref">[35024] I&ordf;-IIae q. 34 a. 4 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4153 dicendum quod, cum delectatio perficiat operationem per modum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4154 finis, ut supra dictum est; non potest esse operatio perfecte bona,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4155 nisi etiam adsit delectatio in bono, nam bonitas rei dependet ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4156 fine. Et sic quodammodo bonitas delectationis est causa bonitas in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4157 operatione.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4158 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4159 <div class="D">Quaestio 35</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4160 <div class="G">Prooemium</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4161 <p title="I-II q. 35 pr."><a name="35025"><span class="ref">[35025]
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4162 I&ordf;-IIae q. 35 pr.</span></a> Deinde considerandum est de
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4163 dolore et tristitia. Et circa hoc, primo considerandum est de
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4164 tristitia, seu dolore, secundum se; secundo, de causis eius;
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4165 tertio, de effectibus ipsius; quarto, de remediis eius; quinto, de
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4166 bonitate vel malitia eius. Circa primum quaeruntur octo. Primo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4167 utrum dolor sit passio animae. Secundo, utrum tristitia sit idem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4168 quod dolor. Tertio, utrum tristitia, seu dolor, sit contraria
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4169 delectationi. Quarto, utrum omnis tristitia omni delectationi
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4170 contrarietur. Quinto, utrum delectationi contemplationis sit aliqua
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4171 tristitia contraria. Sexto, utrum magis fugienda sit tristitia,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4172 quam delectatio appetenda. Septimo, utrum dolor exterior sit maior
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4173 quam dolor interior. Octavo, de speciebus tristitiae.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4174 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4175 <div class="E">Articulus 1</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4176 <p title="I-II q. 35 a. 1 arg. 1"><a name="35026"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4177 "ref">[35026] I&ordf;-IIae q. 35 a. 1 arg. 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4178 sic proceditur. Videtur quod dolor non sit passio animae. Nulla
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4179 enim passio animae est in corpore. Sed dolor potest esse in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4180 corpore, dicit enim Augustinus, in libro de vera Relig., quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4181 <i>dolor qui dicitur corporis, est corruptio repentina salutis eius
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4182 rei, quam, male utendo, anima corruptioni obnoxiavit</i>. Ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4183 dolor non est passio animae.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4184 <p title="I-II q. 35 a. 1 arg. 2"><a name="35027"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4185 "ref">[35027] I&ordf;-IIae q. 35 a. 1 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4186 omnis passio animae pertinet ad vim appetitivam. Sed dolor non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4187 pertinet ad vim appetitivam, sed magis ad apprehensivam, dicit enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4188 Augustinus, in libro de natura boni, quod <i>dolorem in corpore
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4189 facit sensus resistens corpori potentiori</i>. Ergo dolor non est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4190 passio animae.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4191 <p title="I-II q. 35 a. 1 arg. 3"><a name="35028"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4192 "ref">[35028] I&ordf;-IIae q. 35 a. 1 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4193 omnis passio animae pertinet ad appetitum animalem. Sed dolor non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4194 pertinet ad appetitum animalem, sed magis ad appetitum naturalem,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4195 dicit enim Augustinus, VIII super Gen. ad Litt., <i>nisi aliquod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4196 bonum remansisset in natura, nullius boni amissi esset dolor in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4197 poena</i>. Ergo dolor non est passio animae.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4198 <p title="I-II q. 35 a. 1 s. c."><a name="35029"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4199 "ref">[35029] I&ordf;-IIae q. 35 a. 1 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4200 est quod Augustinus, XIV de Civ. Dei, ponit dolorem inter passiones
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4201 animae, inducens illud Virgilii, <i>hinc metuunt, cupiunt,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4202 gaudentque dolentque</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4203 <p title="I-II q. 35 a. 1 co."><a name="35030"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4204 "ref">[35030] I&ordf;-IIae q. 35 a. 1 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4205 dicendum quod, sicut ad delectationem duo requiruntur, scilicet
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4206 coniunctio boni, et perceptio huiusmodi coniunctionis; ita etiam ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4207 dolorem duo requiruntur, scilicet coniunctio alicuius mali (quod ea
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4208 ratione est malum, quia privat aliquod bonum); et perceptio
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4209 huiusmodi coniunctionis. Quidquid autem coniungitur, si non habeat,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4210 respectu eius cui coniungitur, rationem boni vel mali, non potest
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4211 causare delectationem vel dolorem. Ex quo patet quod aliquid sub
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4212 ratione boni vel mali, est obiectum delectationis et doloris. Bonum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4213 autem et malum, inquantum huiusmodi, sunt obiecta appetitus. Unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4214 patet quod delectatio et dolor ad appetitum pertinent. Omnis autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4215 motus appetitivus, seu inclinatio consequens apprehensionem,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4216 pertinet ad appetitum intellectivum vel sensitivum, nam inclinatio
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4217 appetitus naturalis non consequitur apprehensionem ipsius
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4218 appetentis, sed alterius, ut in primo dictum est. Cum igitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4219 delectatio et dolor praesupponant in eodem subiecto sensum vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4220 apprehensionem aliquam, manifestum est quod dolor, sicut et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4221 delectatio, est in appetitu intellectivo vel sensitivo. Omnis autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4222 motus appetitus sensitivi dicitur passio, ut supra dictum est. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4223 praecipue illi qui in defectum sonant. Unde dolor, secundum quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4224 est in appetitu sensitivo, propriissime dicitur passio animae,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4225 sicut molestiae corporales proprie passiones corporis dicuntur.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4226 Unde et Augustinus, XIV de Civ. Dei, dolorem specialiter
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4227 aegritudinem nominat.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4228 <p title="I-II q. 35 a. 1 ad 1"><a name="35031"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4229 "ref">[35031] I&ordf;-IIae q. 35 a. 1 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4230 ergo dicendum quod dolor dicitur esse corporis, quia causa doloris
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4231 est in corpore, puta cum patimur aliquod nocivum corpori. Sed motus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4232 doloris semper est in anima, nam corpus non potest dolere nisi
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4233 dolente anima, ut Augustinus dicit.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4234 <p title="I-II q. 35 a. 1 ad 2"><a name="35032"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4235 "ref">[35032] I&ordf;-IIae q. 35 a. 1 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4236 dicendum quod dolor dicitur esse sensus, non quia sit actus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4237 sensitivae virtutis, sed quia requiritur ad dolorem corporalem,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4238 sicut ad delectationem.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4239 <p title="I-II q. 35 a. 1 ad 3"><a name="35033"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4240 "ref">[35033] I&ordf;-IIae q. 35 a. 1 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4241 dicendum quod dolor de amissione boni demonstrat bonitatem naturae,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4242 non quia dolor sit actus naturalis appetitus, sed quia natura
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4243 aliquid appetit ut bonum, quod cum removeri sentitur, sequitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4244 doloris passio in appetitu sensitivo.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4245 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4246 <div class="E">Articulus 2</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4247 <p title="I-II q. 35 a. 2 arg. 1"><a name="35034"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4248 "ref">[35034] I&ordf;-IIae q. 35 a. 2 arg. 1</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4249 sic proceditur. Videtur quod tristitia non sit dolor. Dicit enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4250 Augustinus, XIV de Civ. Dei, quod <i>dolor in corporibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4251 dicitur</i>. Tristitia autem dicitur magis in anima. Ergo tristitia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4252 non est dolor.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4253 <p title="I-II q. 35 a. 2 arg. 2"><a name="35035"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4254 "ref">[35035] I&ordf;-IIae q. 35 a. 2 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4255 dolor non est nisi de praesenti malo. Sed tristitia potest esse de
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4256 praeterito et de futuro, sicut poenitentia est tristitia de
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4257 praeterito, et anxietas de futuro. Ergo tristitia omnino a dolore
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4258 differt.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4259 <p title="I-II q. 35 a. 2 arg. 3"><a name="35036"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4260 "ref">[35036] I&ordf;-IIae q. 35 a. 2 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4261 dolor non videtur consequi nisi sensum tactus. Sed tristitia potest
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4262 consequi ex omnibus sensibus. Ergo tristitia non est dolor, sed se
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4263 habet in pluribus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4264 <p title="I-II q. 35 a. 2 s. c."><a name="35037"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4265 "ref">[35037] I&ordf;-IIae q. 35 a. 2 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4266 est quod apostolus dicit, ad Rom. IX, <i>tristitia est mihi magna,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4267 et continuus dolor cordi meo</i>, pro eodem utens tristitia et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4268 dolore.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4269 <p title="I-II q. 35 a. 2 co."><a name="35038"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4270 "ref">[35038] I&ordf;-IIae q. 35 a. 2 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4271 dicendum quod delectatio et dolor ex duplici apprehensione causari
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4272 possunt, scilicet ex apprehensione exterioris sensus, et ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4273 apprehensione interiori sive intellectus sive imaginationis.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4274 Interior autem apprehensio ad plura se extendit quam exterior, eo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4275 quod quaecumque cadunt sub exteriori apprehensione, cadunt sub
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4276 interiori, sed non e converso. Sola igitur illa delectatio quae ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4277 interiori apprehensione causatur, gaudium nominatur, ut supra
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4278 dictum est. Et similiter ille solus dolor qui ex apprehensione
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4279 interiori causatur, nominatur tristitia. Et sicut illa delectatio
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4280 quae ex exteriori apprehensione causatur, delectatio quidem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4281 nominatur, non autem gaudium; ita ille dolor qui ex exteriori
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4282 apprehensione causatur, nominatur quidem dolor, non autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4283 tristitia. Sic igitur tristitia est quaedam species doloris, sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4284 gaudium delectationis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4285 <p title="I-II q. 35 a. 2 ad 1"><a name="35039"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4286 "ref">[35039] I&ordf;-IIae q. 35 a. 2 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4287 ergo dicendum quod Augustinus loquitur ibi quantum ad usum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4288 vocabuli, quia dolor magis usitatur in corporalibus doloribus, qui
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4289 sunt magis noti, quam in doloribus spiritualibus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4290 <p title="I-II q. 35 a. 2 ad 2"><a name="35040"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4291 "ref">[35040] I&ordf;-IIae q. 35 a. 2 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4292 dicendum quod sensus exterior non percipit nisi praesens, vis autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4293 cognitiva interior potest percipere praesens, praeteritum et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4294 futurum. Et ideo tristitia potest esse de praesenti, praeterito et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4295 futuro, dolor autem corporalis, qui sequitur apprehensionem sensus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4296 exterioris, non potest esse nisi de praesenti.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4297 <p title="I-II q. 35 a. 2 ad 3"><a name="35041"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4298 "ref">[35041] I&ordf;-IIae q. 35 a. 2 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4299 dicendum quod sensibilia tactus sunt dolorosa, non solum inquantum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4300 sunt improportionata virtuti apprehensivae, sed etiam inquantum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4301 contrariantur naturae. Aliorum vero sensuum sensibilia possunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4302 quidem esse improportionata virtuti apprehensivae, non tamen
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4303 contrariantur naturae, nisi in ordine ad sensibilia tactus. Unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4304 solus homo, qui est animal perfectum in cognitione, delectatur in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4305 sensibilibus aliorum sensuum secundum se ipsa, alia vero animalia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4306 non delectantur in eis nisi secundum quod referuntur ad sensibilia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4307 tactus, ut dicitur in III Ethic. Et ideo de sensibilibus aliorum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4308 sensuum non dicitur esse dolor, secundum quod contrariatur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4309 delectationi naturali, sed magis tristitia, quae contrariatur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4310 gaudio animali. Sic igitur si dolor accipiatur pro corporali
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4311 dolore, quod usitatius est, dolor ex opposito dividitur contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4312 tristitiam, secundum distinctionem apprehensionis interioris et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4313 exterioris; licet, quantum ad obiecta, delectatio ad plura se
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4314 extendat quam dolor corporalis. Si vero dolor accipiatur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4315 communiter, sic dolor est genus tristitiae, ut dictum est.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4316 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4317 <div class="E">Articulus 3</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4318 <p title="I-II q. 35 a. 3 arg. 1"><a name="35042"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4319 "ref">[35042] I&ordf;-IIae q. 35 a. 3 arg. 1</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4320 sic proceditur. Videtur quod dolor delectationi non contrarietur.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4321 Unum enim contrariorum non est causa alterius. Sed tristitia potest
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4322 esse causa delectationis, dicitur enim Matth. V, <i>beati qui
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4323 lugent, quoniam ipsi consolabuntur</i>. Ergo non sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4324 contraria.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4325 <p title="I-II q. 35 a. 3 arg. 2"><a name="35043"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4326 "ref">[35043] I&ordf;-IIae q. 35 a. 3 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4327 unum contrariorum non denominat aliud. Sed in quibusdam ipse dolor
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4328 vel tristitia est delectabilis, sicut Augustinus dicit, in III
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4329 Confess., quod dolor in spectaculis delectat. Et IV Confess., dicit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4330 quod <i>fletus amara res est, et tamen quandoque delectat</i>. Ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4331 dolor non contrariatur delectationi.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4332 <p title="I-II q. 35 a. 3 arg. 3"><a name="35044"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4333 "ref">[35044] I&ordf;-IIae q. 35 a. 3 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4334 unum contrariorum non est materia alterius, quia contraria simul
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4335 esse non possunt. Sed dolor potest esse materia delectationis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4336 dicit enim Augustinus, in libro de poenitentia, <i>semper poenitens
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4337 doleat, et de dolore gaudeat</i>. Et philosophus dicit, in IX
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4338 Ethic., quod e converso <i>malus dolet de eo quod delectatus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4339 est</i>. Ergo delectatio et dolor non sunt contraria.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4340 <p title="I-II q. 35 a. 3 s. c."><a name="35045"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4341 "ref">[35045] I&ordf;-IIae q. 35 a. 3 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4342 est quod Augustinus dicit, XIV de Civ. Dei, quod <i>laetitia est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4343 voluntas in eorum consensione quae volumus, tristitia autem est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4344 voluntas in dissensione ab his quae nolumus</i>. Sed consentire et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4345 dissentire sunt contraria. Ergo laetitia et tristitia sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4346 contraria.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4347 <p title="I-II q. 35 a. 3 co."><a name="35046"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4348 "ref">[35046] I&ordf;-IIae q. 35 a. 3 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4349 dicendum quod, sicut philosophus dicit X Metaphys., contrarietas
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4350 est differentia secundum formam. Forma autem, seu species,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4351 passionis et motus sumitur ex obiecto vel termino. Unde, cum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4352 obiecta delectationis et tristitiae, seu doloris, sint contraria,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4353 scilicet bonum praesens et malum praesens, sequitur quod dolor et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4354 delectatio sint contraria.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4355 <p title="I-II q. 35 a. 3 ad 1"><a name="35047"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4356 "ref">[35047] I&ordf;-IIae q. 35 a. 3 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4357 ergo dicendum quod nihil prohibet unum contrariorum esse causam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4358 alterius per accidens. Sic autem tristitia potest esse causa
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4359 delectationis. Uno quidem modo, inquantum tristitia de absentia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4360 alicuius rei, vel de praesentia contrarii, vehementius quaerit id
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4361 in quo delectetur, sicut sitiens vehementius quaerit delectationem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4362 potus, ut remedium contra tristitiam quam patitur. Alio modo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4363 inquantum ex magno desiderio delectationis alicuius, non recusat
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4364 aliquis tristitias perferre, ut ad illam delectationem perveniat.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4365 Et utroque modo luctus praesens ad consolationem futurae vitae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4366 perducit. Quia ex hoc ipso quod homo luget pro peccatis, vel pro
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4367 dilatione gloriae, meretur consolationem aeternam. Similiter etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4368 meretur eam aliquis ex hoc quod, ad ipsam consequendam, non refugit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4369 labores et angustias propter ipsam sustinere.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4370 <p title="I-II q. 35 a. 3 ad 2"><a name="35048"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4371 "ref">[35048] I&ordf;-IIae q. 35 a. 3 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4372 dicendum quod dolor ipse potest esse delectabilis per accidens,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4373 inquantum scilicet habet adiunctam admirationem, ut in spectaculis;
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4374 vel inquantum facit recordationem rei amatae, et facit percipere
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4375 amorem eius, de cuius absentia doletur. Unde, cum amor sit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4376 delectabilis, et dolor et omnia quae ex amore consequuntur,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4377 inquantum in eis sentitur amor, sunt delectabilia. Et propter hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4378 etiam dolores in spectaculis possunt esse delectabiles, inquantum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4379 in eis sentitur aliquis amor conceptus ad illos qui in spectaculis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4380 commemorantur.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4381 <p title="I-II q. 35 a. 3 ad 3"><a name="35049"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4382 "ref">[35049] I&ordf;-IIae q. 35 a. 3 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4383 dicendum quod voluntas et ratio supra suos actus reflectuntur,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4384 inquantum ipsi actus voluntatis et rationis accipiuntur sub ratione
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4385 boni vel mali. Et hoc modo tristitia potest esse materia
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4386 delectationis, vel e converso, non per se, sed per accidens,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4387 inquantum scilicet utrumque accipitur in ratione boni vel mali.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4388 <br />
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4389 <div class="E">Articulus 4</div>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4390 <p title="I-II q. 35 a. 4 arg. 1"><a name="35050"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4391 "ref">[35050] I&ordf;-IIae q. 35 a. 4 arg. 1</span></a> Ad quartum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4392 sic proceditur. Videtur quod omnis tristitia omni delectationi
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diff changeset
4393 contrarietur. Sicut enim albedo et nigredo sunt contrariae species
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4394 coloris, ita delectatio et tristitia sunt contrariae species animae
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4395 passionum. Sed albedo et nigredo universaliter sibi opponuntur.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4396 Ergo etiam delectatio et tristitia.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4397 <p title="I-II q. 35 a. 4 arg. 2"><a name="35051"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4398 "ref">[35051] I&ordf;-IIae q. 35 a. 4 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4399 medicinae per contraria fiunt. Sed quaelibet delectatio est
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4400 medicina contra quamlibet tristitiam, ut patet per philosophum, in
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4401 VII Ethic. Ergo quaelibet delectatio cuilibet tristitiae
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4402 contrariatur.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4403 <p title="I-II q. 35 a. 4 arg. 3"><a name="35052"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4404 "ref">[35052] I&ordf;-IIae q. 35 a. 4 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4405 contraria sunt quae se invicem impediunt. Sed quaelibet tristitia
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4406 impedit quamlibet delectationem, ut patet per illud quod dicitur X
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4407 Ethic. Ergo quaelibet tristitia cuilibet delectationi
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4408 contrariatur.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4409 <p title="I-II q. 35 a. 4 s. c."><a name="35053"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4410 "ref">[35053] I&ordf;-IIae q. 35 a. 4 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4411 contrariorum non est eadem causa. Sed ab eodem habitu procedit quod
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4412 aliquis gaudeat de uno, et tristetur de opposito, <i>ex caritate
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4413 enim contingit gaudere cum gaudentibus, et flere cum flentibus</i>,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4414 ut dicitur Rom. XII. Ergo non omnis tristitia omni delectationi
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4415 contrariatur.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4416 <p title="I-II q. 35 a. 4 co."><a name="35054"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4417 "ref">[35054] I&ordf;-IIae q. 35 a. 4 co.</span></a> Respondeo
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4418 dicendum quod, sicut dicitur in X Metaphys., contrarietas est
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4419 differentia secundum formam. Forma autem est et generalis, et
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4420 specialis. Unde contingit esse aliqua contraria secundum formam
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4421 generis, sicut virtus et vitium; et secundum formam speciei, sicut
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4422 iustitia et iniustitia. Est autem considerandum quod quaedam
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4423 specificantur secundum formas absolutas, sicut substantiae et
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4424 qualitates, quaedam vero specificantur per comparationem ad aliquid
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4425 extra, sicut passiones et motus recipiunt speciem ex terminis sive
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4426 ex obiectis. In his ergo quorum species considerantur secundum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4427 formas absolutas, contingit quidem species quae continentur sub
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4428 contrariis generibus, non esse contrarias secundum rationem
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4429 speciei, non tamen contingit quod habeant aliquam affinitatem vel
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4430 convenientiam ad invicem. Intemperantia enim et iustitia, quae sunt
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4431 in contrariis generibus, virtute scilicet et vitio, non
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4432 contrariantur ad invicem secundum rationem propriae speciei, nec
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4433 tamen habent aliquam affinitatem vel convenientiam ad invicem. Sed
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4434 in illis quorum species sumuntur secundum habitudinem ad aliquid
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4435 extrinsecum, contingit quod species contrariorum generum non solum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4436 non sunt contrariae ad invicem, sed etiam habent quandam
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4437 convenientiam et affinitatem ad invicem, eo quod eodem modo se
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4438 habere ad contraria, contrarietatem inducit, sicut accedere ad
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4439 album et accedere ad nigrum habent rationem contrarietatis; sed
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4440 contrario modo se habere ad contraria, habet rationem
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4441 similitudinis, sicut recedere ab albo et accedere ad nigrum. Et hoc
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4442 maxime apparet in contradictione, quae est principium oppositionis,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4443 nam in affirmatione et negatione eiusdem consistit oppositio, sicut
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4444 album et non album; in affirmatione autem unius oppositorum et
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4445 negatione alterius, attenditur convenientia et similitudo, ut si
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4446 dicam nigrum et non album. Tristitia autem et delectatio, cum sint
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4447 passiones, specificantur ex obiectis. Et quidem secundum genus
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4448 suum, contrarietatem habent, nam unum pertinet ad prosecutionem,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4449 aliud vero ad fugam, <i>quae se habent in appetitu sicut affirmatio
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4450 et negatio in ratione</i>, ut dicitur in VI Ethic. Et ideo tristia
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4451 et delectatio quae sunt de eodem, habent oppositionem ad invicem
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4452 secundum speciem. Tristitia vero et delectatio de diversis, si
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4453 quidem illa diversa non sint opposita, sed disparata, non habent
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4454 oppositionem ad invicem secundum rationem speciei, sed sunt etiam
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4455 disparatae, sicut tristari de morte amici, et delectari in
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4456 contemplatione. Si vero illa diversa sint contraria, tunc
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4457 delectatio et tristitia non solum non habent contrarietatem
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4458 secundum rationem speciei, sed etiam habent convenientiam et
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4459 affinitatem, sicut gaudere de bono, et tristari de malo.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4460 <p title="I-II q. 35 a. 4 ad 1"><a name="35055"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4461 "ref">[35055] I&ordf;-IIae q. 35 a. 4 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4462 ergo dicendum quod albedo et nigredo non habent speciem ex
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4463 habitudine ad aliquid exterius, sicut delectatio et tristitia. Unde
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4464 non est eadem ratio.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4465 <p title="I-II q. 35 a. 4 ad 2"><a name="35056"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4466 "ref">[35056] I&ordf;-IIae q. 35 a. 4 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4467 dicendum quod genus sumitur ex materia, ut patet in VIII Metaphys.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4468 In accidentibus autem loco materiae est subiectum. Dictum est autem
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4469 quod delectatio et tristitia contrariantur secundum genus. Et ideo
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4470 in qualibet tristitia est contraria dispositio subiecti
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4471 dispositioni quae est in qualibet delectatione, nam in qualibet
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4472 delectatione appetitus se habet ut acceptans id quod habet; in
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4473 qualibet autem tristitia se habet ut fugiens. Et ideo ex parte
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4474 subiecti quaelibet delectatio est medicina contra quamlibet
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4475 tristitiam, et quaelibet tristitia est impeditiva cuiuslibet
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4476 delectationis, praecipue tamen quando delectatio tristitiae
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4477 contrariatur etiam secundum speciem.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4478 <p title="I-II q. 35 a. 4 ad 3"><a name="35057"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4479 "ref">[35057] I&ordf;-IIae q. 35 a. 4 ad 3</span></a> Unde patet
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4480 solutio ad tertium. Vel aliter dicendum quod, etsi non omnis
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4481 tristitia contrarietur omni delectationi secundum speciem, tamen
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4482 quantum ad effectum contrariantur, nam ex uno confortatur natura
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4483 animalis, ex alio vero quodammodo molestatur.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4484 <br />
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4485 <div class="E">Articulus 5</div>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4486 <p title="I-II q. 35 a. 5 arg. 1"><a name="35058"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4487 "ref">[35058] I&ordf;-IIae q. 35 a. 5 arg. 1</span></a> Ad quintum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4488 sic proceditur. Videtur quod delectationi contemplationis sit
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4489 aliqua tristitia contraria. Dicit enim apostolus, II ad Cor. VII,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4490 <i>quae secundum Deum est tristitia, poenitentiam in salutem
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4491 stabilem operatur</i>. Sed respicere ad Deum pertinet ad superiorem
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4492 rationem, cuius est contemplationi vacare, secundum Augustinum, in
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4493 XII de Trin. Ergo delectationi contemplationis opponitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4494 tristitia.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4495 <p title="I-II q. 35 a. 5 arg. 2"><a name="35059"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4496 "ref">[35059] I&ordf;-IIae q. 35 a. 5 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4497 contrariorum contrarii sunt effectus. Si ergo unum contrariorum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4498 contemplatum est causa delectationis, aliud erit causa tristitiae.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4499 Et sic delectationi contemplationis erit tristitia contraria.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4500 <p title="I-II q. 35 a. 5 arg. 3"><a name="35060"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4501 "ref">[35060] I&ordf;-IIae q. 35 a. 5 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4502 sicut obiectum delectationis est bonum, ita obiectum tristitiae est
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4503 malum. Sed contemplatio potest habere mali rationem, dicit enim
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4504 philosophus, in XII Metaphys., quod quaedam inconveniens est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4505 meditari. Ergo contemplationis delectationi potest esse contraria
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4506 tristitia.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4507 <p title="I-II q. 35 a. 5 arg. 4"><a name="35061"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4508 "ref">[35061] I&ordf;-IIae q. 35 a. 5 arg. 4</span></a> Praeterea,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4509 operatio quaelibet, secundum quod non est impedita, est causa
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4510 delectationis, ut dicitur in VII et X Ethic. Sed operatio
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4511 contemplationis potest multipliciter impediri, vel ut totaliter non
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4512 sit, vel ut cum difficultate sit. Ergo in contemplatione potest
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4513 esse tristitia delectationi contraria.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4514 <p title="I-II q. 35 a. 5 arg. 5"><a name="35062"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4515 "ref">[35062] I&ordf;-IIae q. 35 a. 5 arg. 5</span></a> Praeterea,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4516 carnis afflictio est causa tristitiae. Sed sicut dicitur Eccle.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4517 ult., <i>frequens meditatio carnis est afflictio</i>. Ergo
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4518 contemplatio habet tristitiam delectationi contrariam.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4519 <p title="I-II q. 35 a. 5 s. c."><a name="35063"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4520 "ref">[35063] I&ordf;-IIae q. 35 a. 5 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
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diff changeset
4521 est quod dicitur Sap. VIII, <i>non habet amaritudinem conversatio
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4522 illius</i> scilicet sapientiae, <i>nec taedium convictus eius; sed
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4523 laetitiam et gaudium</i>. Conversatio autem et convictus sapientiae
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4524 est per contemplationem. Ergo nulla tristitia est quae sit
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4525 contraria delectationi contemplationis.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4526 <p title="I-II q. 35 a. 5 co."><a name="35064"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4527 "ref">[35064] I&ordf;-IIae q. 35 a. 5 co.</span></a> Respondeo
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4528 dicendum quod delectatio contemplationis potest intelligi
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4529 dupliciter. Uno modo, ita quod contemplatio sit delectationis
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4530 causa, et non obiectum. Et tunc delectatio non est de ipsa
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4531 contemplatione, sed de re contemplata. Contingit autem contemplari
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4532 aliquid nocivum et contristans, sicut et aliquid conveniens et
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4533 delectans. Unde si sic delectatio contemplationis accipiatur, nihil
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4534 prohibet delectationi contemplationis esse tristitiam contrariam.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4535 Alio modo potest dici delectatio contemplationis, quia contemplatio
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4536 est eius obiectum et causa, puta cum aliquis delectatur de hoc ipso
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4537 quod contemplatur. Et sic, ut dicit Gregorius Nyssenus, <i>ei
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4538 delectationi quae est secundum contemplationem, non opponitur
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4539 aliqua tristitia</i>. Et hoc idem philosophus dicit, in I Topic. et
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4540 in X Ethic. Sed hoc est intelligendum, per se loquendo. Cuius ratio
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4541 est, quia tristitia per se contrariatur delectationi quae est de
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4542 contrario obiecto, sicut delectationi quae est de calore,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4543 contrariatur tristitia quae est de frigore. Obiecto autem
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4544 contemplationis nihil est contrarium, contrariorum enim rationes,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4545 secundum quod sunt apprehensae, non sunt contrariae, sed unum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4546 contrarium est ratio cognoscendi aliud. Unde delectationi quae est
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4547 in contemplando, non potest, per se loquendo, esse aliqua tristitia
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4548 contraria. Sed nec etiam habet tristitiam annexam, sicut corporales
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4549 delectationes, quae sunt ut medicinae quaedam contra aliquas
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4550 molestias, sicut aliquis delectatur in potu ex hoc quod anxiatur
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4551 siti, quando autem iam tota sitis est repulsa, etiam cessat
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4552 delectatio potus. Delectatio enim contemplationis non causatur ex
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4553 hoc quod excluditur aliqua molestia, sed ex hoc quod est secundum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4554 seipsam delectabilis, non est enim generatio, sed operatio quaedam
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4555 perfecta, ut dictum est. Per accidens autem admiscetur tristitia
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4556 delectationi apprehensionis. Et hoc dupliciter, uno modo, ex parte
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4557 organi; alio modo, ex impedimento apprehensionis. Ex parte quidem
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4558 organi, admiscetur tristitia vel dolor apprehensioni, directe
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4559 quidem in viribus apprehensivis sensitivae partis, quae habent
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4560 organum corporale, vel ex sensibili, quod est contrarium debitae
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4561 complexioni organi, sicut gustus rei amarae et olfactus rei
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4562 foetidae; vel ex continuitate sensibilis convenientis, quod per
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4563 assiduitatem facit superexcrescentiam naturalis habitus, ut supra
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4564 dictum est, et sic redditur apprehensio sensibilis quae prius erat
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4565 delectabilis, taediosa. Sed haec duo directe in contemplatione
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4566 mentis locum non habent, quia mens non habet organum corporale.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4567 Unde dictum est in auctoritate inducta, quod non habet contemplatio
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diff changeset
4568 mentis nec amaritudinem nec taedium. Sed quia mens humana utitur in
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4569 contemplando viribus apprehensivis sensitivis, in quarum actibus
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4570 accidit lassitudo; ideo indirecte admiscetur aliqua afflictio vel
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4571 dolor contemplationi. Sed neutro modo tristitia contemplationi per
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4572 accidens adiuncta, contrariatur delectationi eius. Nam tristitia
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4573 quae est de impedimento contemplationis, non contrariatur
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4574 delectationi contemplationis, sed magis habet affinitatem et
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4575 convenientiam cum ipsa, ut ex supradictis patet. Tristitia vero vel
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4576 afflictio quae est de lassitudine corporali, non ad idem genus
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4577 refertur, unde est penitus disparata. Et sic manifestum est quod
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diff changeset
4578 delectationi quae est de ipsa contemplatione, nulla tristitia
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4579 contrariatur; nec adiungitur ei aliqua tristitia nisi per
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4580 accidens.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4581 <p title="I-II q. 35 a. 5 ad 1"><a name="35065"><span class=
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diff changeset
4582 "ref">[35065] I&ordf;-IIae q. 35 a. 5 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
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diff changeset
4583 ergo dicendum quod illa tristitia quae est secundum Deum, non est
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diff changeset
4584 de ipsa contemplatione mentis, sed est de aliquo quod mens
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4585 contemplatur, scilicet de peccato, quod mens considerat ut
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4586 contrarium dilectioni divinae.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4587 <p title="I-II q. 35 a. 5 ad 2"><a name="35066"><span class=
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diff changeset
4588 "ref">[35066] I&ordf;-IIae q. 35 a. 5 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
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diff changeset
4589 dicendum quod ea quae sunt contraria in rerum natura, secundum quod
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4590 sunt in mente, non habent contrarietatem. Non enim rationes
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4591 contrariorum sunt contrariae, sed magis unum contrarium est ratio
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diff changeset
4592 cognoscendi aliud. Propter quod est una scientia contrariorum.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4593 <p title="I-II q. 35 a. 5 ad 3"><a name="35067"><span class=
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diff changeset
4594 "ref">[35067] I&ordf;-IIae q. 35 a. 5 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
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diff changeset
4595 dicendum quod contemplatio, secundum se, nunquam habet rationem
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diff changeset
4596 mali, cum contemplatio nihil aliud sit quam consideratio veri, quod
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diff changeset
4597 est bonum intellectus, sed per accidens tantum, inquantum scilicet
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4598 contemplatio vilioris impedit contemplationem melioris; vel ex
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diff changeset
4599 parte rei contemplatae, ad quam inordinatae appetitus
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diff changeset
4600 afficitur.</p>
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diff changeset
4601 <p title="I-II q. 35 a. 5 ad 4"><a name="35068"><span class=
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diff changeset
4602 "ref">[35068] I&ordf;-IIae q. 35 a. 5 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
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diff changeset
4603 dicendum quod tristitia quae est de impedimento contemplationis,
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diff changeset
4604 non contrariatur delectationi contemplationis, sed est ei affinis,
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diff changeset
4605 ut dictum est.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4606 <p title="I-II q. 35 a. 5 ad 5"><a name="35069"><span class=
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diff changeset
4607 "ref">[35069] I&ordf;-IIae q. 35 a. 5 ad 5</span></a> Ad quintum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4608 dicendum quod afflictio carnis per accidens et indirecte se habet
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diff changeset
4609 ad contemplationem mentis, ut dictum est.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4610 <br />
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4611 <div class="E">Articulus 6</div>
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diff changeset
4612 <p title="I-II q. 35 a. 6 arg. 1"><a name="35070"><span class=
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diff changeset
4613 "ref">[35070] I&ordf;-IIae q. 35 a. 6 arg. 1</span></a> Ad sextum
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diff changeset
4614 sic proceditur. Videtur quod magis sit fugienda tristitia, quam
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diff changeset
4615 delectatio appetenda. Dicit enim Augustinus, in libro octoginta
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diff changeset
4616 trium quaest., <i>nemo est qui non magis dolorem fugiat, quam
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diff changeset
4617 appetat voluptatem</i>. Illud autem in quo communiter omnia
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diff changeset
4618 consentiunt, videtur esse naturale. Ergo naturale est et conveniens
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diff changeset
4619 quod plus tristitia fugiatur, quam delectatio appetatur.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4620 <p title="I-II q. 35 a. 6 arg. 2"><a name="35071"><span class=
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diff changeset
4621 "ref">[35071] I&ordf;-IIae q. 35 a. 6 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
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diff changeset
4622 actio contrarii facit ad velocitatem et intensionem motus, aqua
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diff changeset
4623 enim calida citius et fortius congelatur, ut dicit philosophus, in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4624 libro Meteor. Sed fuga tristitiae est ex contrarietate
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4625 contristantis, appetitus autem delectationis non est ex aliqua
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diff changeset
4626 contrarietate, sed magis procedit ex convenientia delectantis. Ergo
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diff changeset
4627 maior est fuga tristitiae quam appetitus delectationis.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4628 <p title="I-II q. 35 a. 6 arg. 3"><a name="35072"><span class=
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diff changeset
4629 "ref">[35072] I&ordf;-IIae q. 35 a. 6 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
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diff changeset
4630 quanto aliquis secundum rationem fortiori passioni repugnat, tanto
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diff changeset
4631 laudabilior est et virtuosior, quia virtus est circa difficile et
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diff changeset
4632 bonum, ut dicitur in II Ethic. Sed fortis, qui resistit motui quo
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4633 fugitur dolor, est virtuosior quam temperatus, qui resistit motui
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diff changeset
4634 quo appetitur delectatio, dicit enim philosophus, in II Rhetoric.,
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diff changeset
4635 quod fortes et iusti maxime honorantur. Ergo vehementior est motus
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diff changeset
4636 quo fugitur tristitia, quam motus quo appetitur delectatio.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4637 <p title="I-II q. 35 a. 6 s. c."><a name="35073"><span class=
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diff changeset
4638 "ref">[35073] I&ordf;-IIae q. 35 a. 6 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra,
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diff changeset
4639 bonum est fortius quam malum, ut patet per Dionysium, IV cap. de
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diff changeset
4640 Div. Nom. Sed delectatio est appetibilis propter bonum, quod est
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diff changeset
4641 eius obiectum, fuga autem tristitiae est propter malum. Ergo
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diff changeset
4642 fortior est appetitus delectationis quam fuga tristitiae.</p>
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diff changeset
4643 <p title="I-II q. 35 a. 6 co."><a name="35074"><span class=
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diff changeset
4644 "ref">[35074] I&ordf;-IIae q. 35 a. 6 co.</span></a> Respondeo
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diff changeset
4645 dicendum quod, per se loquendo, appetitus delectationis est fortior
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diff changeset
4646 quam fuga tristitiae. Cuius ratio est, quia causa delectationis est
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4647 bonum conveniens, causa autem doloris sive tristitiae est aliquod
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4648 malum repugnans. Contingit autem aliquod bonum esse conveniens
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4649 absque omni dissonantia, non autem potest esse aliquod malum
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diff changeset
4650 totaliter, absque omni convenientia, repugnans. Unde delectatio
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4651 potest esse integra et perfecta, tristitia autem est semper
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4652 secundum partem. Unde naturaliter maior est appetitus delectationis
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diff changeset
4653 quam fuga tristitiae. Alia vero ratio est, quia bonum, quod est
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4654 obiectum delectationis, propter seipsum appetitur, malum autem,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4655 quod est obiectum tristitiae, est fugiendum inquantum est privatio
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diff changeset
4656 boni. Quod autem est per se, potius est illo quod est per aliud.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4657 Cuius etiam signum apparet in motibus naturalibus. Nam omnis motus
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4658 naturalis intensior est in fine, cum appropinquat ad terminum suae
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diff changeset
4659 naturae convenientem, quam in principio, cum recedit a termino suae
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diff changeset
4660 naturae non convenienti, quasi natura magis tendat in id quod est
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diff changeset
4661 sibi conveniens, quam fugiat id quod est sibi repugnans. Unde et
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4662 inclinatio appetitivae virtutis, per se loquendo, vehementius
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diff changeset
4663 tendit in delectationem quam fugiat tristitiam. Sed per accidens
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diff changeset
4664 contingit quod tristitiam aliquis magis fugit, quam delectationem
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diff changeset
4665 appetat. Et hoc tripliciter. Primo quidem, ex parte apprehensionis.
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diff changeset
4666 Quia, ut Augustinus dicit, X de Trin., <i>amor magis sentitur, cum
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diff changeset
4667 eum prodit indigentia</i>. Ex indigentia autem amati procedit
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4668 tristitia, quae est ex amissione alicuius boni amati, vel ex
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diff changeset
4669 incursu alicuius mali contrarii. Delectatio autem non habet
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diff changeset
4670 indigentiam boni amati, sed quiescit in eo iam adepto. Cum igitur
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4671 amor sit causa delectationis et tristitiae, tanto magis fugitur
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4672 tristitia, quanto magis sentitur amor ex eo quod contrariatur
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4673 amori. Secundo, ex parte causae contristantis, vel dolorem
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diff changeset
4674 inferentis, quae repugnat bono magis amato quam sit bonum illud in
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4675 quo delectamur. Magis enim amamus consistentiam corporis naturalem,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4676 quam delectationem cibi. Et ideo timore doloris qui provenit ex
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4677 flagellis vel aliis huiusmodi, quae contrariantur bonae
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4678 consistentiae corporis, dimittimus delectationem ciborum vel
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diff changeset
4679 aliorum huiusmodi. Tertio, ex parte effectus, inquantum scilicet
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diff changeset
4680 tristitia impedit non unam tantum delectationem, sed omnes.</p>
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diff changeset
4681 <p title="I-II q. 35 a. 6 ad 1"><a name="35075"><span class=
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diff changeset
4682 "ref">[35075] I&ordf;-IIae q. 35 a. 6 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
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diff changeset
4683 ergo dicendum quod illud quod Augustinus dicit, quod <i>dolor magis
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4684 fugitur quam voluptas appetatur</i>, est verum per accidens, et non
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diff changeset
4685 per se. Et hoc patet ex eo quod subdit, <i>quandoquidem videmus
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diff changeset
4686 etiam immanissimas bestias a maximis voluptatibus absterreri
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4687 dolorum metu</i>, qui contrariatur vitae, quae maxime amatur.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4688 <p title="I-II q. 35 a. 6 ad 2"><a name="35076"><span class=
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diff changeset
4689 "ref">[35076] I&ordf;-IIae q. 35 a. 6 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
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diff changeset
4690 dicendum quod aliter est in motu qui est ab interiori, et aliter in
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4691 motu qui est ab exteriori. Motus enim qui est ab interiori, magis
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4692 tendit in id quod est conveniens, quam recedat a contrario, sicut
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4693 supra dictum est de motu naturali. Sed motus qui est ab extrinseco,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4694 intenditur ex ipsa contrarietate, quia unumquodque suo modo nititur
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4695 ad resistendum contrario, sicut ad conservationem sui ipsius. Unde
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4696 motus violentus intenditur in principio, et remittitur in fine.
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diff changeset
4697 Motus autem appetitivae partis est ab intrinseco, cum sit ab anima
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diff changeset
4698 ad res. Et ideo, per se loquendo, magis appetitur delectatio quam
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4699 fugiatur tristitia. Sed motus sensitivae partis est ab exteriori,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4700 quasi a rebus ad animam. Unde magis sentitur quod est magis
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diff changeset
4701 contrarium. Et sic etiam per accidens, inquantum sensus requiritur
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diff changeset
4702 ad delectationem et tristitiam, magis fugitur tristitia quam
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diff changeset
4703 delectatio appetatur.</p>
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diff changeset
4704 <p title="I-II q. 35 a. 6 ad 3"><a name="35077"><span class=
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diff changeset
4705 "ref">[35077] I&ordf;-IIae q. 35 a. 6 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
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diff changeset
4706 dicendum quod fortis non laudatur ex eo quod secundum rationem non
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diff changeset
4707 vincitur a dolore vel tristitia quacumque, sed ea quae consistit in
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4708 periculis mortis. Quae quidem tristitia magis fugitur quam
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4709 appetatur delectatio ciborum vel venereorum, circa quam est
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diff changeset
4710 temperantia, sicut vita magis amatur quam cibus vel coitus. Sed
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diff changeset
4711 temperatus magis laudatur ex hoc quod non prosequitur delectationes
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diff changeset
4712 tactus, quam ex hoc quod non fugit tristitias contrarias, ut patet
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diff changeset
4713 in III Ethic.</p>
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diff changeset
4714 <br />
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diff changeset
4715 <div class="E">Articulus 7</div>
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diff changeset
4716 <p title="I-II q. 35 a. 7 arg. 1"><a name="35078"><span class=
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diff changeset
4717 "ref">[35078] I&ordf;-IIae q. 35 a. 7 arg. 1</span></a> Ad septimum
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diff changeset
4718 sic proceditur. Videtur quod dolor exterior sit maior quam dolor
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diff changeset
4719 cordis interior. Dolor enim exterior causatur ex causa repugnante
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4720 bonae consistentiae corporis, in quo est vita, dolor autem interior
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4721 causatur ex aliqua imaginatione mali. Cum ergo vita magis ametur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4722 quam imaginatum bonum, videtur, secundum praedicta, quod dolor
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4723 exterior sit maior quam dolor interior.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4724 <p title="I-II q. 35 a. 7 arg. 2"><a name="35079"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4725 "ref">[35079] I&ordf;-IIae q. 35 a. 7 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4726 res magis movet quam rei similitudo. Sed dolor exterior provenit ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4727 reali coniunctione alicuius contrarii, dolor autem interior ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4728 similitudine contrarii apprehensa. Ergo maior est dolor exterior
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4729 quam dolor interior.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4730 <p title="I-II q. 35 a. 7 arg. 3"><a name="35080"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4731 "ref">[35080] I&ordf;-IIae q. 35 a. 7 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4732 causa ex effectu cognoscitur. Sed dolor exterior habet fortiores
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4733 effectus, facilius enim homo moritur propter dolores exteriores
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4734 quam propter dolorem interiorem. Ergo exterior dolor est maior, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4735 magis fugitur, quam dolor interior.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4736 <p title="I-II q. 35 a. 7 s. c."><a name="35081"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4737 "ref">[35081] I&ordf;-IIae q. 35 a. 7 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4738 est quod dicitur Eccli. XXV, <i>omnis plaga tristitia cordis est,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4739 et omnis malitia nequitia mulieris</i>. Ergo, sicut nequitia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4740 mulieris alias nequitias superat, ut ibi intenditur; ita tristitia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4741 cordis omnem plagam exteriorem excedit.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4742 <p title="I-II q. 35 a. 7 co."><a name="35082"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4743 "ref">[35082] I&ordf;-IIae q. 35 a. 7 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4744 dicendum quod dolor interior et exterior in uno conveniunt, et in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4745 duobus differunt. Conveniunt quidem in hoc, quod uterque est motus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4746 appetitivae virtutis, ut supra dictum est. Differunt autem secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4747 illa duo quae ad tristitiam et delectationem requiruntur, scilicet
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4748 secundum causam, quae est bonum vel malum coniunctum; et secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4749 apprehensionem. Causa enim doloris exterioris est malum coniunctum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4750 quod repugnat corpori, causa autem interioris doloris est malum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4751 coniunctum quod repugnat appetitui. Dolor etiam exterior sequitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4752 apprehensionem sensus, et specialiter tactus, dolor autem interior
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4753 sequitur apprehensionem interiorem, imaginationis scilicet vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4754 etiam rationis. Si ergo comparatur causa interioris doloris ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4755 causam exterioris, una per se pertinet ad appetitum, cuius est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4756 uterque dolor, alia vero per aliud. Nam dolor interior est ex hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4757 quod aliquid repugnat ipsi appetitui, exterior autem dolor, ex hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4758 quod repugnat appetitui quia repugnat corpori. Semper autem quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4759 est per se, prius est eo quod est per aliud. Unde ex parte ista,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4760 dolor interior praeeminet dolori exteriori. Similiter etiam ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4761 parte apprehensionis. Nam apprehensio rationis et imaginationis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4762 altior est quam apprehensio sensu tactus. Unde simpliciter et per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4763 se loquendo, dolor interior potior est quam dolor exterior. Cuius
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4764 signum est, quod etiam dolores exteriores aliquis voluntarie
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4765 suscipit, ut evitet interiorem dolorem. Et inquantum non repugnat
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4766 dolor exterior interiori appetitui, fit quodammodo delectabilis et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4767 iucundus interiori gaudio. Quandoque tamen dolor exterior est cum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4768 interiori dolore, et tunc dolor augetur. Non solum enim interior
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4769 dolor est maior quam exterior, sed etiam universalior. Quidquid
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4770 enim est repugnans corpori, potest esse repugnans interiori
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4771 appetitui; et quidquid apprehenditur sensu, potest apprehendi
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4772 imaginatione et ratione; sed non convertitur. Et ideo signanter in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4773 auctoritate adducta dicitur, omnis plaga tristitia cordis est, quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4774 etiam dolores exteriorum plagarum sub interiori cordis tristitia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4775 comprehenduntur.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4776 <p title="I-II q. 35 a. 7 ad 1"><a name="35083"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4777 "ref">[35083] I&ordf;-IIae q. 35 a. 7 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4778 ergo dicendum quod dolor interior potest etiam esse de his quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4779 contrariantur vitae. Et sic comparatio doloris interioris ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4780 exteriorem non est accipienda secundum diversa mala quae sunt causa
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4781 doloris, sed secundum diversam comparationem huius causae doloris
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4782 ad appetitum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4783 <p title="I-II q. 35 a. 7 ad 2"><a name="35084"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4784 "ref">[35084] I&ordf;-IIae q. 35 a. 7 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4785 dicendum quod tristitia interior non procedit ex similitudine rei
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4786 apprehensa, sicut ex causa, non enim homo tristatur interius de
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4787 ipsa similitudine apprehensa, sed de re cuius est similitudo. Quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4788 quidem res tanto perfectius apprehenditur per aliquam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4789 similitudinem, quanto similitudo est magis immaterialis et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4790 abstracta. Et ideo dolor interior, per se loquendo, est maior,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4791 tanquam de maiori malo existens; propter hoc quod interiori
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4792 apprehensione magis cognoscitur malum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4793 <p title="I-II q. 35 a. 7 ad 3"><a name="35085"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4794 "ref">[35085] I&ordf;-IIae q. 35 a. 7 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4795 dicendum quod immutationes corporales magis causantur ex dolore
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4796 exteriori, tum quia causa doloris exterioris est corrumpens
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4797 coniunctum corporaliter, quod exigit apprehensio tactus. Tum etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4798 quia sensus exterior est magis corporalis quam sensus interior,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4799 sicut et appetitus sensitivus quam intellectivus. Et propter hoc,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4800 ut supra dictum est, ex motu appetitus sensitivi magis corpus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4801 immutatur. Et similiter ex dolore exteriori, magis quam ex dolore
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4802 interiori.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4803 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4804 <div class="E">Articulus 8</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4805 <p title="I-II q. 35 a. 8 arg. 1"><a name="35086"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4806 "ref">[35086] I&ordf;-IIae q. 35 a. 8 arg. 1</span></a> Ad octavum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4807 sic proceditur. Videtur quod Damascenus inconvenienter quatuor
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4808 tristitiae species assignet, quae sunt acedia, achthos (vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4809 anxietas secundum Gregorium Nyssenum), misericordia et invidia.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4810 Tristitia enim delectationi opponitur. Sed delectationis non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4811 assignantur aliquae species. Ergo nec tristitiae species debent
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4812 assignari.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4813 <p title="I-II q. 35 a. 8 arg. 2"><a name="35087"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4814 "ref">[35087] I&ordf;-IIae q. 35 a. 8 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4815 poenitentia est quaedam species tristitiae. Similiter etiam Nemesis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4816 et zelus, ut dicit philosophus, II Rhetoric. Quae quidem sub his
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4817 speciebus non comprehenduntur. Ergo insufficiens est eius praedicta
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4818 divisio.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4819 <p title="I-II q. 35 a. 8 arg. 3"><a name="35088"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4820 "ref">[35088] I&ordf;-IIae q. 35 a. 8 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4821 omnis divisio debet esse per opposita. Sed praedicta non habent
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4822 oppositionem ad invicem. Nam secundum Gregorium <i>acedia est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4823 tristitia vocem amputans; anxietas vero est tristitia aggravans;
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4824 invidia vero est tristitia in alienis bonis; misericordia autem est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4825 tristitia in alienis malis</i>. Contingit autem aliquem tristari et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4826 de alienis malis, et de alienis bonis et simul cum hoc interius
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4827 aggravari, et exterius vocem amittere. Ergo praedicta divisio non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4828 est conveniens.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4829 <p title="I-II q. 35 a. 8 s. c."><a name="35089"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4830 "ref">[35089] I&ordf;-IIae q. 35 a. 8 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4831 est auctoritas utriusque, scilicet Gregorii Nysseni et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4832 Damasceni.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4833 <p title="I-II q. 35 a. 8 co."><a name="35090"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4834 "ref">[35090] I&ordf;-IIae q. 35 a. 8 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4835 dicendum quod ad rationem speciei pertinet quod se habeat ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4836 additione ad genus. Sed generi potest aliquid addi dupliciter. Uno
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4837 modo, quod per se ad ipsum pertinet, et virtute continetur in ipso,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4838 sicut rationale additur animali. Et talis additio facit veras
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4839 species alicuius generis, ut per philosophum patet, in VII et VIII
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4840 Metaphys. Aliquid vero additur generi quasi aliquid extraneum a
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4841 ratione ipsius, sicut si album animali addatur, vel aliquid
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4842 huiusmodi. Et talis additio non facit veras species generis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4843 secundum quod communiter loquimur de genere et speciebus. Interdum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4844 tamen dicitur aliquid esse species alicuius generis propter hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4845 quod habet aliquid extraneum ad quod applicatur generis ratio,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4846 sicut carbo et flamma dicuntur esse species ignis, propter
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4847 applicationem naturae ignis ad materiam alienam. Et simili modo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4848 loquendi dicuntur astrologia et perspectiva species mathematicae,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4849 inquantum principia mathematica applicantur ad materiam naturalem.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4850 Et hoc modo loquendi assignantur hic species tristitiae, per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4851 applicationem rationis tristitiae ad aliquid extraneum. Quod quidem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4852 extraneum accipi potest vel ex parte causae, obiecti; vel ex parte
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4853 effectus. Proprium enim obiectum tristitiae est proprium malum.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4854 Unde extraneum obiectum tristitiae accipi potest vel secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4855 alterum tantum, quia scilicet est malum, sed non proprium, et sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4856 est misericordia, quae est tristitia de alieno malo, inquantum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4857 tamen aestimatur ut proprium. Vel quantum ad utrumque, quia neque
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4858 est de proprio, neque de malo, sed de bono alieno, inquantum tamen
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4859 bonum alienum aestimatur ut proprium malum, et sic est invidia.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4860 Proprius autem effectus tristitiae consistit in quadam fuga
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4861 appetitus. Unde extraneum circa effectum tristitiae, potest accipi
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4862 quantum ad alterum tantum, quia scilicet tollitur fuga, et sic est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4863 anxietas quae sic aggravat animum, ut non appareat aliquod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4864 refugium, unde alio nomine dicitur angustia. Si vero intantum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4865 procedat talis aggravatio, ut etiam exteriora membra immobilitet ab
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4866 opere, quod pertinet ad acediam; sic erit extraneum quantum ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4867 utrumque, quia nec est fuga, nec est in appetitu. Ideo autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4868 specialiter acedia dicitur vocem amputare, quia vox inter omnes
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4869 exteriores motus magis exprimit interiorem conceptum et affectum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4870 non solum in hominibus, sed etiam in aliis animalibus, ut dicitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4871 in I Polit.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4872 <p title="I-II q. 35 a. 8 ad 1"><a name="35091"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4873 "ref">[35091] I&ordf;-IIae q. 35 a. 8 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4874 ergo dicendum quod delectatio causatur ex bono, quod uno modo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4875 dicitur. Et ideo delectationis non assignantur tot species sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4876 tristitiae, quae causatur ex malo, quod multifariam contingit, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4877 dicit Dionysius, IV cap. de Div. Nom.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4878 <p title="I-II q. 35 a. 8 ad 2"><a name="35092"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4879 "ref">[35092] I&ordf;-IIae q. 35 a. 8 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4880 dicendum quod poenitentia est de malo proprio, quod per se est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4881 obiectum tristitiae. Unde non pertinet ad has species. Zelus vero
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4882 et Nemesis sub invidia continentur, ut infra patebit.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4883 <p title="I-II q. 35 a. 8 ad 3"><a name="35093"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4884 "ref">[35093] I&ordf;-IIae q. 35 a. 8 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4885 dicendum quod divisio ista non sumitur secundum oppositiones
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4886 specierum, sed secundum diversitatem extraneorum ad quae trahitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4887 ratio tristitiae, ut dictum est.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4888 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4889 <div class="D">Quaestio 36</div>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4890 <div class="G">Prooemium</div>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4891 <p title="I-II q. 36 pr."><a name="35094"><span class="ref">[35094]
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4892 I&ordf;-IIae q. 36 pr.</span></a> Deinde considerandum est de
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4893 causis tristitiae. Et circa hoc quaeruntur quatuor. Primo, utrum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4894 causa doloris sit bonum amissum, vel magis malum coniunctum.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4895 Secundo, utrum concupiscentia sit causa doloris. Tertio, utrum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4896 appetitus unitatis sit causa doloris. Quarto, utrum potestas cui
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4897 resisti non potest, sit causa doloris.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4898 <br />
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4899 <div class="E">Articulus 1</div>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4900 <p title="I-II q. 36 a. 1 arg. 1"><a name="35095"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4901 "ref">[35095] I&ordf;-IIae q. 36 a. 1 arg. 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4902 sic proceditur. Videtur quod bonum amissum sit magis causa doloris
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4903 quam malum coniunctum. Dicit enim Augustinus, in libro de octo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4904 quaestionibus Dulcitii, dolorem esse de amissione bonorum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4905 temporalium. Eadem ergo ratione, quilibet dolor ex amissione
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4906 alicuius boni contingit.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4907 <p title="I-II q. 36 a. 1 arg. 2"><a name="35096"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4908 "ref">[35096] I&ordf;-IIae q. 36 a. 1 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4909 supra dictum est quod dolor qui delectationi contrariatur, est de
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4910 eodem de quo est delectatio. Sed delectatio est de bono, sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4911 supra dictum est. Ergo dolor est principaliter de amissione
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4912 boni.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4913 <p title="I-II q. 36 a. 1 arg. 3"><a name="35097"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4914 "ref">[35097] I&ordf;-IIae q. 36 a. 1 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4915 secundum Augustinum, XIV de Civ. Dei, amor est causa tristitiae,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4916 sicut et aliarum affectionum animae. Sed obiectum amoris est bonum.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4917 Ergo dolor vel tristitia magis respicit bonum amissum quam malum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4918 coniunctum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4919 <p title="I-II q. 36 a. 1 s. c."><a name="35098"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4920 "ref">[35098] I&ordf;-IIae q. 36 a. 1 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4921 est quod Damascenus dicit, in II libro, quod <i>expectatum malum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4922 timorem constituit, praesens vero tristitiam</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4923 <p title="I-II q. 36 a. 1 co."><a name="35099"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4924 "ref">[35099] I&ordf;-IIae q. 36 a. 1 co.</span></a> Respondeo
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4925 dicendum quod, si hoc modo se haberent privationes in apprehensione
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4926 animae, sicut se habent in ipsis rebus, ista quaestio nullius
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4927 momenti esse videretur. Malum enim, ut in primo libro habitum est,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4928 est privatio boni, privatio autem, in rerum natura, nihil est aliud
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4929 quam carentia oppositi habitus, secundum hoc ergo, idem esset
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4930 tristari de bono amisso, et de malo habito. Sed tristitia est motus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4931 appetitus apprehensionem sequentis. In apprehensione autem ipsa
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4932 privatio habet rationem cuiusdam entis, unde dicitur ens rationis.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4933 Et sic malum, cum sit privatio, se habet per modum contrarii. Et
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4934 ideo, quantum ad motum appetitivum, differt utrum respiciat
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4935 principalius malum coniunctum, vel bonum amissum. Et quia motus
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4936 appetitus animalis hoc modo se habet in operibus animae, sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4937 motus naturalis in rebus naturalibus; ex consideratione naturalium
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4938 motuum veritas accipi potest. Si enim accipiamus in motibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4939 naturalibus accessum et recessum, accessus per se respicit id quod
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4940 est conveniens naturae; recessus autem per se respicit id quod est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4941 contrarium; sicut grave per se recedit a loco superiori, accedit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4942 autem naturaliter ad locum inferiorem. Sed si accipiamus causam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4943 utriusque motus, scilicet gravitatem, ipsa gravitas per prius
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4944 inclinat ad locum deorsum, quam retrahat a loco sursum, a quo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4945 recedit ut deorsum tendat. Sic igitur, cum tristitia in motibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4946 appetitivis se habeat per modum fugae vel recessus, delectatio
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4947 autem per modum prosecutionis vel accessus; sicut delectatio per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4948 prius respicit bonum adeptum, quasi proprium obiectum, ita
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4949 tristitia respicit malum coniunctum. Sed causa delectationis et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4950 tristitiae, scilicet amor, per prius respicit bonum quam malum. Sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4951 ergo eo modo quo obiectum est causa passionis, magis proprie est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4952 causa tristitiae vel doloris malum coniunctum, quam bonum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4953 amissum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4954 <p title="I-II q. 36 a. 1 ad 1"><a name="35100"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4955 "ref">[35100] I&ordf;-IIae q. 36 a. 1 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4956 ergo dicendum quod ipsa amissio boni apprehenditur sub ratione
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4957 mali, sicut et amissio mali apprehenditur sub ratione boni. Et ideo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4958 Augustinus dicit dolorem provenire ex amissione temporalium
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4959 bonorum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4960 <p title="I-II q. 36 a. 1 ad 2"><a name="35101"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4961 "ref">[35101] I&ordf;-IIae q. 36 a. 1 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4962 dicendum quod delectatio et dolor ei contrarius respiciunt idem,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4963 sed sub contraria ratione, nam si delectatio est de praesentia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4964 alicuius, tristitia est de absentia eiusdem. In uno autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4965 contrariorum includitur privatio alterius, ut patet in X Metaphys.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4966 Et inde est quod tristitia quae est de contrario, est quodammodo de
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4967 eodem sub contraria ratione.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4968 <p title="I-II q. 36 a. 1 ad 3"><a name="35102"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4969 "ref">[35102] I&ordf;-IIae q. 36 a. 1 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4970 dicendum quod, quando ex una causa proveniunt multi motus, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4971 oportet quod omnes principalius respiciant illud quod principalius
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4972 respicit causa, sed primus tantum. Unusquisque autem aliorum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4973 principalius respicit illud quod est ei conveniens secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4974 propriam rationem.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4975 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4976 <div class="E">Articulus 2</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4977 <p title="I-II q. 36 a. 2 arg. 1"><a name="35103"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4978 "ref">[35103] I&ordf;-IIae q. 36 a. 2 arg. 1</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4979 sic proceditur. Videtur quod concupiscentia non sit causa doloris
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4980 seu tristitiae. Tristitia enim per se respicit malum, ut dictum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4981 est. Concupiscentia autem est motus quidam appetitus in bonum.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4982 Motus autem qui est in unum contrarium, non est causa motus qui
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4983 respicit aliud contrarium. Ergo concupiscentia non est causa
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4984 doloris.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4985 <p title="I-II q. 36 a. 2 arg. 2"><a name="35104"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4986 "ref">[35104] I&ordf;-IIae q. 36 a. 2 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4987 dolor, secundum Damascenum, est de praesenti, concupiscentia autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4988 est de futuro. Ergo concupiscentia non est causa doloris.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4989 <p title="I-II q. 36 a. 2 arg. 3"><a name="35105"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4990 "ref">[35105] I&ordf;-IIae q. 36 a. 2 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4991 id quod est per se delectabile, non est causa doloris. Sed
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4992 concupiscentia est secundum seipsam delectabilis, ut philosophus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4993 dicit, in I Rhetoric. Ergo concupiscentia non est causa doloris seu
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4994 tristitiae.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4995 <p title="I-II q. 36 a. 2 s. c."><a name="35106"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4996 "ref">[35106] I&ordf;-IIae q. 36 a. 2 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4997 est quod Augustinus dicit, in Enchirid., <i>subintrantibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4998 ignorantia agendarum rerum, et concupiscentia noxiarum, comites
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4999 subinferuntur error et dolor</i>. Sed ignorantia est causa erroris.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5000 Ergo concupiscentia est causa doloris.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5001 <p title="I-II q. 36 a. 2 co."><a name="35107"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5002 "ref">[35107] I&ordf;-IIae q. 36 a. 2 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5003 dicendum quod tristitia est motus quidam appetitus animalis. Motus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5004 autem appetitivus habet, sicut dictum est, similitudinem appetitus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5005 naturalis. Cuius duplex causa assignari potest, una per modum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5006 finis; alia sicut unde est principium motus. Sicut descensionis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5007 corporis gravis causa sicut finis, est locus deorsum, principium
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5008 autem motus est inclinatio naturalis, quae est ex gravitate. Causa
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5009 autem motus appetitivi per modum finis, est eius obiectum. Et sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5010 supra dictum est quod causa doloris seu tristitiae est malum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5011 coniunctum. Causa autem sicut unde est principium talis motus, est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5012 interior inclinatio appetitus. Qui quidem per prius inclinatur ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5013 bonum; et ex consequenti ad repudiandum malum contrarium. Et ideo
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5014 huiusmodi motus appetitivi primum principium est amor, qui est
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5015 prima inclinatio appetitus ad bonum consequendum, secundum autem
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5016 principium est odium, quod est inclinatio prima appetitus ad malum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5017 fugiendum. Sed quia concupiscentia vel cupiditas est primus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5018 effectus amoris, quo maxime delectamur, ut supra dictum est; ideo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5019 frequenter Augustinus cupiditatem vel concupiscentiam pro amore
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5020 ponit, ut etiam supra dictum est. Et hoc modo concupiscentiam dicit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5021 esse universalem causam doloris. Sed ipsa concupiscentia, secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5022 propriam rationem considerata, est interdum causa doloris. Omne
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5023 enim quod impedit motum ne perveniat ad terminum, est contrarium
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5024 motui. Illud autem quod est contrarium motui appetitus, est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5025 contristans. Et sic per consequens concupiscentia fit causa
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5026 tristitiae, inquantum de retardatione boni concupiti, vel totali
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5027 ablatione, tristamur. Universalis autem causa doloris esse non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5028 potest, quia magis dolemus de subtractione bonorum praesentium, in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5029 quibus iam delectamur, quam futurorum, quae concupiscimus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5030 <p title="I-II q. 36 a. 2 ad 1"><a name="35108"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5031 "ref">[35108] I&ordf;-IIae q. 36 a. 2 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5032 ergo dicendum quod inclinatio appetitus ad bonum consequendum, est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5033 causa inclinationis appetitus ad malum fugiendum, sicut dictum est.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5034 Et ex hoc contingit quod motus appetitivi qui respiciunt bonum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5035 ponuntur causa motuum appetitus qui respiciunt malum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5036 <p title="I-II q. 36 a. 2 ad 2"><a name="35109"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5037 "ref">[35109] I&ordf;-IIae q. 36 a. 2 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5038 dicendum quod illud quod concupiscitur, etsi realiter sit futurum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5039 est tamen quodammodo praesens, inquantum speratur. Vel potest dici
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5040 quod, licet ipsum bonum concupitum sit futurum, tamen impedimentum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5041 praesentialiter apponitur, quod dolorem causat.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5042 <p title="I-II q. 36 a. 2 ad 3"><a name="35110"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5043 "ref">[35110] I&ordf;-IIae q. 36 a. 2 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5044 dicendum quod concupiscentia est delectabilis, quandiu manet spes
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5045 adipiscendi quod concupiscitur. Sed, subtracta spe per impedimentum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5046 appositum, concupiscentia dolorem causat.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5047 <br />
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5048 <div class="E">Articulus 3</div>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5049 <p title="I-II q. 36 a. 3 arg. 1"><a name="35111"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5050 "ref">[35111] I&ordf;-IIae q. 36 a. 3 arg. 1</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5051 sic proceditur. Videtur quod appetitus unitatis non sit causa
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5052 doloris. Dicit enim philosophus, in X Ethic., quod haec opinio,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5053 quae posuit repletionem esse causam delectationis, et incisionem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5054 causam tristitiae, videtur esse facta ex delectationibus et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5055 tristitiis quae sunt circa cibum. Sed non omnis delectatio vel
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5056 tristitia est huiusmodi. Ergo appetitus unitatis non est causa
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5057 universalis doloris, cum repletio ad unitatem pertineat, incisio
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5058 vero multitudinem inducat.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5059 <p title="I-II q. 36 a. 3 arg. 2"><a name="35112"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5060 "ref">[35112] I&ordf;-IIae q. 36 a. 3 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5061 quaelibet separatio unitati opponitur. Si ergo dolor causaretur ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5062 appetitu unitatis, nulla separatio esset delectabilis. Quod patet
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5063 esse falsum in separatione omnium superfluorum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5064 <p title="I-II q. 36 a. 3 arg. 3"><a name="35113"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5065 "ref">[35113] I&ordf;-IIae q. 36 a. 3 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5066 eadem ratione appetimus coniunctionem boni, et remotionem mali. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5067 sicut coniunctio pertinet ad unitatem, cum sit unio quaedam; ita
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5068 separatio est contrarium unitati. Ergo appetitus unitatis non magis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5069 debet poni causa doloris quam appetitus separationis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5070 <p title="I-II q. 36 a. 3 s. c."><a name="35114"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5071 "ref">[35114] I&ordf;-IIae q. 36 a. 3 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5072 est quod Augustinus dicit, in III de libero arbitrio, <i>quod ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5073 dolore quem bestiae sentiunt, satis apparet in regendis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5074 animandisque suis corporibus, quam sint animae appetentes unitatis.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5075 Quid enim est aliud dolor, nisi quidam sensus divisionis vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5076 corruptionis impatiens?</i></p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5077 <p title="I-II q. 36 a. 3 co."><a name="35115"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5078 "ref">[35115] I&ordf;-IIae q. 36 a. 3 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5079 dicendum quod eo modo quo concupiscentia vel cupiditas boni est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5080 causa doloris, etiam appetitus unitatis, vel amor, causa doloris
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5081 ponendus est. Bonum enim uniuscuiusque rei in quadam unitate
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5082 consistit, prout scilicet unaquaeque res habet in se unita illa ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5083 quibus consistit eius perfectio, unde et Platonici posuerunt unum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5084 esse principium, sicut et bonum. Unde naturaliter unumquodque
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5085 appetit unitatem, sicut et bonitatem. Et propter hoc, sicut amor
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5086 vel appetitus boni est causa doloris, ita etiam amor vel appetitus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5087 unitatis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5088 <p title="I-II q. 36 a. 3 ad 1"><a name="35116"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5089 "ref">[35116] I&ordf;-IIae q. 36 a. 3 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5090 ergo dicendum quod non omnis unio perficit rationem boni, sed solum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5091 illa a qua dependet esse perfectum rei. Et propter hoc etiam, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5092 cuiuslibet appetitus unitatis est causa doloris vel tristitiae, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5093 quidam opinabantur. Quorum opinionem ibi philosophus excludit per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5094 hoc, quod quaedam repletiones non sunt delectabiles, sicut repleti
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5095 cibis non delectantur in ciborum sumptione. Talis enim repletio,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5096 sive unio, magis repugnaret ad perfectum esse, quam ipsum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5097 constitueret. Unde dolor non causatur ex appetitu cuiuslibet
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5098 unitatis, sed eius in qua consistit perfectio naturae.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5099 <p title="I-II q. 36 a. 3 ad 2"><a name="35117"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5100 "ref">[35117] I&ordf;-IIae q. 36 a. 3 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5101 dicendum quod separatio potest esse delectabilis, vel inquantum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5102 removetur illud quod est contrarium perfectioni rei, vel inquantum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5103 separatio habet aliquam unionem adiunctam, puta sensibilis ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5104 sensum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5105 <p title="I-II q. 36 a. 3 ad 3"><a name="35118"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5106 "ref">[35118] I&ordf;-IIae q. 36 a. 3 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5107 dicendum quod separatio nocivorum et corrumpentium appetitur,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5108 inquantum tollunt debitam unitatem. Unde appetitus huiusmodi
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5109 separationis non est prima causa doloris, sed magis appetitus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5110 unitatis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5111 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5112 <div class="E">Articulus 4</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5113 <p title="I-II q. 36 a. 4 arg. 1"><a name="35119"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5114 "ref">[35119] I&ordf;-IIae q. 36 a. 4 arg. 1</span></a> Ad quartum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5115 sic proceditur. Videtur quod potestas maior non debeat poni causa
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5116 doloris. Quod enim est in potestate agentis, nondum est praesens,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5117 sed futurum. Dolor autem est de malo praesenti. Ergo potestas maior
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5118 non est causa doloris.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5119 <p title="I-II q. 36 a. 4 arg. 2"><a name="35120"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5120 "ref">[35120] I&ordf;-IIae q. 36 a. 4 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5121 nocumentum illatum est causa doloris. Sed nocumentum potest inferri
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5122 etiam a potestate minore. Ergo potestas maior non debet poni causa
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5123 doloris.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5124 <p title="I-II q. 36 a. 4 arg. 3"><a name="35121"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5125 "ref">[35121] I&ordf;-IIae q. 36 a. 4 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5126 causae appetitivorum motuum sunt interiores inclinationes animae.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5127 Potestas autem maior est aliquid exterius. Ergo non debet poni
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5128 causa doloris.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5129 <p title="I-II q. 36 a. 4 s. c."><a name="35122"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5130 "ref">[35122] I&ordf;-IIae q. 36 a. 4 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5131 est quod Augustinus dicit, in libro de natura boni, <i>in animo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5132 dolorem facit voluntas resistens potestati maiori; in corpore
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5133 dolorem facit sensus resistens corpori potentiori</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5134 <p title="I-II q. 36 a. 4 co."><a name="35123"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5135 "ref">[35123] I&ordf;-IIae q. 36 a. 4 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5136 dicendum quod, sicut supra dictum est, malum coniunctum est causa
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5137 doloris vel tristitiae per modum obiecti. Id ergo quod est causa
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5138 coniunctionis mali, debet poni causa doloris vel tristitiae.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5139 Manifestum est autem hoc esse contra inclinationem appetitus, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5140 malo praesentialiter inhaereat. Quod autem est contra inclinationem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5141 alicuius, nunquam advenit ei nisi per actionem alicuius fortioris.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5142 Et ideo potestas maior ponitur esse causa doloris ab Augustino. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5143 sciendum est quod, si potestas fortior intantum invalescat quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5144 mutet contrariam inclinationem in inclinationem propriam, iam non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5145 erit aliqua repugnantia vel violentia, sicut quando agens fortius,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5146 corrumpendo corpus grave, aufert ei inclinationem qua tendit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5147 deorsum; et tunc ferri sursum non est ei violentum, sed naturale.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5148 Sic igitur si aliqua potestas maior intantum invalescat quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5149 auferat inclinationem voluntatis vel appetitus sensitivi, ex ea non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5150 sequitur dolor vel tristitia, sed tunc solum sequitur, quando
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5151 remanet inclinatio appetitus in contrarium. Et inde est quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5152 Augustinus dicit quod voluntas resistens potestati fortiori, causat
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5153 dolorem, si enim non resisteret, sed cederet consentiendo, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5154 sequeretur dolor, sed delectatio.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5155 <p title="I-II q. 36 a. 4 ad 1"><a name="35124"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5156 "ref">[35124] I&ordf;-IIae q. 36 a. 4 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5157 ergo dicendum quod maior potestas dolorem causat, non secundum quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5158 est agens in potentia, sed secundum quod est agens actu, dum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5159 scilicet facit coniunctionem mali corruptivi.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5160 <p title="I-II q. 36 a. 4 ad 2"><a name="35125"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5161 "ref">[35125] I&ordf;-IIae q. 36 a. 4 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5162 dicendum quod nihil prohibet aliquam potestatem quae non est maior
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5163 simpliciter, esse maiorem quantum ad aliquid. Et secundum hoc,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5164 aliquod nocumentum inferre potest. Si autem nullo modo maior esset,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5165 nullo modo posset nocere. Unde non posset causam doloris
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5166 inferre.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5167 <p title="I-II q. 36 a. 4 ad 3"><a name="35126"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5168 "ref">[35126] I&ordf;-IIae q. 36 a. 4 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5169 dicendum quod exteriora agentia possunt esse causa motuum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5170 appetitivorum, inquantum causant praesentiam obiecti. Et hoc modo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5171 potestas maior ponitur causa doloris.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5172 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5173 <div class="D">Quaestio 37</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5174 <div class="G">Prooemium</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5175 <p title="I-II q. 37 pr."><a name="35127"><span class="ref">[35127]
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5176 I&ordf;-IIae q. 37 pr.</span></a> Deinde considerandum est de
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5177 effectibus doloris vel tristitiae. Et circa hoc quaeruntur quatuor.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5178 Primo, utrum dolor auferat facultatem addiscendi. Secundo, utrum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5179 aggravatio animi sit effectus tristitiae vel doloris. Tertio, utrum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5180 tristitia vel dolor debilitet omnem operationem. Quarto, utrum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5181 tristitia noceat corpori magis quam aliae passiones animae.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5182 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5183 <div class="E">Articulus 1</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5184 <p title="I-II q. 37 a. 1 arg. 1"><a name="35128"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5185 "ref">[35128] I&ordf;-IIae q. 37 a. 1 arg. 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5186 sic proceditur. Videtur quod dolor non auferat facultatem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5187 addiscendi. Dicitur enim Isaiae XXVI, <i>cum feceris iudicia tua in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5188 terra, iustitiam discent omnes habitatores orbis</i>. Et infra,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5189 <i>in tribulatione murmuris doctrina tua eis</i>, sed ex iudiciis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5190 Dei, et tribulatione, sequitur dolor seu tristitia in cordibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5191 hominum. Ergo dolor vel tristitia non tollit, sed magis auget
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5192 facultatem addiscendi.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5193 <p title="I-II q. 37 a. 1 arg. 2"><a name="35129"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5194 "ref">[35129] I&ordf;-IIae q. 37 a. 1 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5195 Isaiae XXVIII, dicitur, <i>quem docebit scientiam? Et quem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5196 intelligere faciet auditum? Ablactatos a lacte, avulsos ab
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5197 uberibus</i> idest a delectationibus. Sed dolor et tristitia maxime
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5198 tollunt delectationes, impedit enim tristitia omnem delectationem,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5199 ut dicitur in VII Ethic.; et Eccli. XI dicitur quod <i>malitia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5200 unius horae oblivionem facit luxuriae maximae</i>. Ergo dolor non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5201 tollit, sed magis praebet facultatem addiscendi.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5202 <p title="I-II q. 37 a. 1 arg. 3"><a name="35130"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5203 "ref">[35130] I&ordf;-IIae q. 37 a. 1 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5204 tristitia interior praeeminet dolori exteriori, ut supra dictum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5205 est. Sed simul cum tristitia potest homo addiscere. Ergo multo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5206 magis simul cum dolore corporali.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5207 <p title="I-II q. 37 a. 1 s. c."><a name="35131"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5208 "ref">[35131] I&ordf;-IIae q. 37 a. 1 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5209 est quod Augustinus dicit, in I Soliloq., <i>quanquam acerrimo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5210 dolore dentium his diebus torquerer, non quidem sinebar animo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5211 volvere nisi ea quae iam forte didiceram. A discendo autem penitus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5212 impediebar, ad quod mihi tota intentione animi opus erat</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5213 <p title="I-II q. 37 a. 1 co."><a name="35132"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5214 "ref">[35132] I&ordf;-IIae q. 37 a. 1 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5215 dicendum quod, quia omnes potentiae animae in una essentia animae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5216 radicantur, necesse est quod, quando intentio animae vehementer
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5217 trahitur ad operationem unius potentiae, retrahatur ab operatione
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5218 alterius, unius enim animae non potest esse nisi una intentio. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5219 propter hoc, si aliquid ad se trahat totam intentionem animae, vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5220 magnam partem ipsius, non compatitur secum aliquid aliud quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5221 magnam attentionem requirat. Manifestum est autem quod dolor
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5222 sensibilis maxime trahit ad se intentionem animae, quia naturaliter
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5223 unumquodque tota intentione tendit ad repellendum contrarium, sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5224 etiam in rebus naturalibus apparet. Similiter etiam manifestum est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5225 quod ad addiscendum aliquid de novo, requiritur studium et conatus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5226 cum magna intentione, ut patet per illud quod dicitur Prov. II,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5227 <i>si quaesieris sapientiam quasi pecuniam, et sicut thesauros
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5228 effoderis eam, tunc intelliges disciplinam</i>. Et ideo si sit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5229 dolor intensus, impeditur homo ne tunc aliquid addiscere possit. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5230 tantum potest intendi, quod nec etiam, instante dolore, potest homo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5231 aliquid considerare etiam quod prius scivit. In hoc tamen
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5232 attenditur diversitas secundum diversitatem amoris quem homo habet
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5233 ad addiscendum vel considerandum, qui quanto maior fuerit, magis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5234 retinet intentionem animi, ne omnino feratur ad dolorem.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5235 <p title="I-II q. 37 a. 1 ad 1"><a name="35133"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5236 "ref">[35133] I&ordf;-IIae q. 37 a. 1 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5237 ergo dicendum quod tristitia moderata, quae excludit evagationem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5238 animi, potest conferre ad disciplinam suscipiendam, et praecipue
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5239 eorum per quae homo sperat se posse a tristitia liberari. Et hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5240 modo in tribulatione murmuris homines doctrinam Dei magis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5241 recipiunt.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5242 <p title="I-II q. 37 a. 1 ad 2"><a name="35134"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5243 "ref">[35134] I&ordf;-IIae q. 37 a. 1 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5244 dicendum quod tam delectatio quam dolor, inquantum ad se trahunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5245 animae intentionem, impediunt considerationem rationis, unde in VII
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5246 Ethic. dicitur quod <i>impossibile est in ipsa delectatione
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5247 venereorum, aliquid intelligere</i>. Sed tamen dolor magis trahit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5248 ad se intentionem animae quam delectatio, sicut etiam videmus in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5249 rebus naturalibus, quod actio corporis naturalis magis intenditur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5250 in contrarium; sicut aqua calefacta magis patitur a frigido, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5251 fortius congeletur. Si ergo dolor seu tristitia fuerit moderata,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5252 per accidens potest conferre ad addiscendum, inquantum aufert
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5253 superabundantiam delectationum. Sed per se impedit, et si
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5254 intendatur, totaliter aufert.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5255 <p title="I-II q. 37 a. 1 ad 3"><a name="35135"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5256 "ref">[35135] I&ordf;-IIae q. 37 a. 1 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5257 dicendum quod dolor exterior accidit ex laesione corporali, et ita
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5258 magis habet transmutationem corporalem adiunctam quam dolor
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5259 interior, qui tamen est maior secundum illud quod est formale in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5260 dolore, quod est ex parte animae. Et ideo dolor corporalis magis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5261 impedit contemplationem, quae requirit omnimodam quietem, quam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5262 dolor interior. Et tamen etiam dolor interior, si multum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5263 intendatur, ita trahit intentionem, ut non possit homo de novo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5264 aliquid addiscere. Unde et Gregorius propter tristitiam intermisit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5265 Ezechielis expositionem.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5266 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5267 <div class="E">Articulus 2</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5268 <p title="I-II q. 37 a. 2 arg. 1"><a name="35136"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5269 "ref">[35136] I&ordf;-IIae q. 37 a. 2 arg. 1</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5270 sic proceditur. Videtur quod aggravatio animi non sit effectus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5271 tristitiae. Dicit enim apostolus, II ad Cor. VII, <i>ecce hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5272 ipsum, contristari vos secundum Deum, quantam in vobis operatur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5273 sollicitudinem, sed defensionem, sed indignationem,</i> et cetera.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5274 Sed sollicitudo et indignatio ad quandam erectionem animi
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5275 pertinent, quae aggravationi opponitur. Non ergo aggravatio est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5276 effectus tristitiae.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5277 <p title="I-II q. 37 a. 2 arg. 2"><a name="35137"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5278 "ref">[35137] I&ordf;-IIae q. 37 a. 2 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5279 tristitia delectationi opponitur. Sed effectus delectationis est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5280 dilatatio, cui non opponitur aggravatio, sed constrictio. Ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5281 effectus tristitiae non debet poni aggravatio.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5282 <p title="I-II q. 37 a. 2 arg. 3"><a name="35138"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5283 "ref">[35138] I&ordf;-IIae q. 37 a. 2 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5284 ad tristitiam pertinet absorbere, ut patet per illud quod apostolus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5285 dicit, II ad Cor. II, <i>ne forte abundantiori tristitia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5286 absorbeatur qui est eiusmodi</i>. Sed quod aggravatur, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5287 absorbetur, quinimmo sub aliquo ponderoso deprimitur; quod autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5288 absorbetur, intra absorbens includitur. Ergo aggravatio non debet
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5289 poni effectus tristitiae.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5290 <p title="I-II q. 37 a. 2 s. c."><a name="35139"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5291 "ref">[35139] I&ordf;-IIae q. 37 a. 2 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5292 est quod Gregorius Nyssenus et Damascenus ponunt tristitiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5293 aggravantem.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5294 <p title="I-II q. 37 a. 2 co."><a name="35140"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5295 "ref">[35140] I&ordf;-IIae q. 37 a. 2 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5296 dicendum quod effectus passionum animae quandoque metaphorice
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5297 nominantur, secundum similitudinem sensibilium corporum, eo quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5298 motus appetitus animalis sunt similes inclinationibus appetitus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5299 naturalis. Et per hunc modum fervor attribuitur amori, dilatatio
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5300 delectationi, et aggravatio tristitiae. Dicitur enim homo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5301 aggravari, ex eo quod aliquo pondere impeditur a proprio motu.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5302 Manifestum est autem ex praedictis quod tristitia contingit ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5303 aliquo malo praesenti. Quod quidem, ex hoc ipso quod repugnat motui
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5304 voluntatis, aggravat animum, inquantum impedit ipsum ne fruatur eo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5305 quod vult. Et si quidem non sit tanta vis mali contristantis ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5306 auferat spem evadendi, licet animus aggravetur quantum ad hoc, quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5307 in praesenti non potitur eo quod vult; remanet tamen motus ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5308 repellendum nocivum contristans. Si vero superexcrescat vis mali
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5309 intantum ut spem evasionis excludat, tunc simpliciter impeditur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5310 etiam interior motus animi angustiati, ut neque hac neque illac
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5311 divertere valeat. Et quandoque etiam impeditur exterior motus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5312 corporis, ita quod remaneat homo stupidus in seipso.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5313 <p title="I-II q. 37 a. 2 ad 1"><a name="35141"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5314 "ref">[35141] I&ordf;-IIae q. 37 a. 2 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5315 ergo dicendum quod illa erectio animi provenit ex tristitia quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5316 est secundum Deum, propter spem adiunctam de remissione
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5317 peccati.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5318 <p title="I-II q. 37 a. 2 ad 2"><a name="35142"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5319 "ref">[35142] I&ordf;-IIae q. 37 a. 2 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5320 dicendum quod, quantum ad motum appetitivum pertinet, ad idem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5321 refertur constrictio et aggravatio. Ex hoc enim quod aggravatur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5322 animus, ut ad exteriora libere progredi non possit, ad seipsum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5323 retrahitur, quasi in seipso constrictus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5324 <p title="I-II q. 37 a. 2 ad 3"><a name="35143"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5325 "ref">[35143] I&ordf;-IIae q. 37 a. 2 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5326 dicendum quod tristitia absorbere hominem dicitur, quando sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5327 totaliter vis contristantis mali afficit animam, ut omnem spem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5328 evasionis excludat. Et sic etiam eodem modo aggravat et absorbet.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5329 Quaedam enim se consequuntur in his quae metaphorice dicuntur, quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5330 sibi repugnare videntur, si secundum proprietatem accipiantur.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5331 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5332 <div class="E">Articulus 3</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5333 <p title="I-II q. 37 a. 3 arg. 1"><a name="35144"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5334 "ref">[35144] I&ordf;-IIae q. 37 a. 3 arg. 1</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5335 sic proceditur. Videtur quod tristitia non impediat omnem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5336 operationem. Sollicitudo enim ex tristitia causatur, ut patet per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5337 auctoritatem apostoli inductam. Sed sollicitudo adiuvat ad bene
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5338 operandum, unde apostolus dicit, II ad Tim. II, <i>sollicite cura
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5339 teipsum exhibere operarium inconfusibilem</i>. Ergo tristitia non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5340 impedit operationem, sed magis adiuvat ad bene operandum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5341 <p title="I-II q. 37 a. 3 arg. 2"><a name="35145"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5342 "ref">[35145] I&ordf;-IIae q. 37 a. 3 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5343 tristitia causat in multis concupiscentiam, ut dicitur in VII
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5344 Ethic. Sed concupiscentia facit ad intensionem operationis. Ergo et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5345 tristitia.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5346 <p title="I-II q. 37 a. 3 arg. 3"><a name="35146"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5347 "ref">[35146] I&ordf;-IIae q. 37 a. 3 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5348 sicut quaedam operationes propriae sunt gaudentium, ita etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5349 quaedam operationes his qui tristantur, sicut lugere. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5350 unumquodque augetur ex sibi convenienti. Ergo aliquae operationes
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5351 non impediuntur, sed meliorantur propter tristitiam.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5352 <p title="I-II q. 37 a. 3 s. c."><a name="35147"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5353 "ref">[35147] I&ordf;-IIae q. 37 a. 3 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5354 est quod philosophus dicit, in X Ethic., quod delectatio perficit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5355 operationem, sed e contrario tristitia impedit.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5356 <p title="I-II q. 37 a. 3 co."><a name="35148"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5357 "ref">[35148] I&ordf;-IIae q. 37 a. 3 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5358 dicendum quod, sicut iam dictum est, tristitia quandoque non ita
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5359 aggravat vel absorbet animum, ut omnem motum interiorem et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5360 exteriorem excludat; sed aliqui motus quandoque ex ipsa tristitia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5361 causantur. Sic ergo operatio ad tristitiam dupliciter potest
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5362 comparari. Uno modo, sicut ad id de quo est tristitia. Et sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5363 tristitia quamlibet operationem impedit, nunquam enim illud quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5364 cum tristitia facimus, ita bene facimus sicut illud quod facimus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5365 cum delectatione, vel sine tristitia. Cuius ratio est, quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5366 voluntas est causa operationis humanae, unde quando operatio est de
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5367 qua aliquis contristatur, necesse est quod actio debilitetur. Alio
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5368 modo comparatur operatio ad tristitiam sicut ad principium et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5369 causam. Et sic necesse est quod operatio talis ex tristitia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5370 augeatur, sicut quanto aliquis magis tristatur de re aliqua, tanto
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5371 magis conatur ad expellendam tristitiam, dummodo remaneat spes
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5372 expellendi, alioquin nullus motus vel operatio ex tristitia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5373 causaretur.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5374 <p title="I-II q. 37 a. 3 ad arg."><a name="35149"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5375 "ref">[35149] I&ordf;-IIae q. 37 a. 3 ad arg.</span></a> Et per hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5376 patet responsio ad obiecta.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5377 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5378 <div class="E">Articulus 4</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5379 <p title="I-II q. 37 a. 4 arg. 1"><a name="35150"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5380 "ref">[35150] I&ordf;-IIae q. 37 a. 4 arg. 1</span></a> Ad quartum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5381 sic proceditur. Videtur quod tristitia non inferat maxime corpori
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5382 nocumentum. Tristitia enim habet esse spirituale in anima. Sed ea
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5383 quae habent tantum esse spirituale, non causant transmutationem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5384 corporalem, sicut patet de intentionibus colorum quae sunt in aere,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5385 a quibus nullum corpus coloratur. Ergo tristitia non facit aliquod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5386 corporale nocumentum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5387 <p title="I-II q. 37 a. 4 arg. 2"><a name="35151"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5388 "ref">[35151] I&ordf;-IIae q. 37 a. 4 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5389 si facit aliquod corporale nocumentum, hoc non est nisi inquantum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5390 habet corporalem transmutationem adiunctam. Sed corporalis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5391 transmutatio invenitur in omnibus animae passionibus, ut supra
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5392 dictum est. Ergo non magis tristitia quam aliae animae passiones,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5393 corpori nocet.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5394 <p title="I-II q. 37 a. 4 arg. 3"><a name="35152"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5395 "ref">[35152] I&ordf;-IIae q. 37 a. 4 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5396 philosophus dicit, in VII Ethic., quod <i>irae et concupiscentiae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5397 quibusdam insanias faciunt</i>, quod videtur esse maximum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5398 nocumentum, cum ratio sit excellentissimum eorum quae sunt in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5399 homine. Desperatio etiam videtur esse magis nociva quam tristitia,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5400 cum sit causa tristitiae. Ergo tristitia non magis nocet corpori
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5401 quam aliae animae passiones.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5402 <p title="I-II q. 37 a. 4 s. c."><a name="35153"><span class=
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5403 "ref">[35153] I&ordf;-IIae q. 37 a. 4 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5404 est quod dicitur Prov. XVII, <i>animus gaudens aetatem floridam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5405 facit, spiritus tristis exsiccat ossa</i>. Et Prov. XXV, <i>sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5406 tinea vestimento, et vermis ligno, ita tristitia viri nocet
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5407 cordi</i>. Et Eccli. XXXVIII, <i>a tristitia festinat mors</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5408 <p title="I-II q. 37 a. 4 co."><a name="35154"><span class=
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5409 "ref">[35154] I&ordf;-IIae q. 37 a. 4 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5410 dicendum quod tristitia, inter omnes animae passiones, magis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5411 corpori nocet. Cuius ratio est, quia tristitia repugnat humanae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5412 vitae quantum ad speciem sui motus; et non solum quantum ad
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5413 mensuram seu quantitatem, sicut aliae animae passiones. Consistit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5414 enim humana vita in quadam motione, quae a corde in cetera membra
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5415 diffunditur, quae quidem motio convenit naturae humanae secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5416 aliquam determinatam mensuram. Si ergo ista motio procedat ultra
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5417 mensuram debitam, repugnabit humanae vitae secundum quantitatis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5418 mensuram; non autem secundum similitudinem speciei. Si autem
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5419 impediatur processus huius motionis, repugnabit vitae secundum suam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5420 speciem. Est autem attendendum in omnibus animae passionibus, quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5421 transmutatio corporalis, quae est in eis materialis, est conformis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5422 et proportionata motui appetitus, qui est formalis, sicut in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5423 omnibus materia proportionatur formae. Illae ergo animae passiones
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5424 quae important motum appetitus ad prosequendum aliquid, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5425 repugnant vitali motioni secundum speciem, sed possunt repugnare
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5426 secundum quantitatem, ut amor, gaudium, desiderium, et huiusmodi.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5427 Et ideo ista secundum speciem suam iuvant naturam corporis, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5428 propter excessum possunt nocere. Passiones autem quae important
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5429 motum appetitus cum fuga vel retractione quadam, repugnant vitali
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5430 motioni non solum secundum quantitatem, sed etiam secundum speciem
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5431 motus, et ideo simpliciter nocent, sicut timor et desperatio, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5432 prae omnibus tristitia, quae aggravat animum ex malo praesenti,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5433 cuius est fortior impressio quam futuri.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5434 <p title="I-II q. 37 a. 4 ad 1"><a name="35155"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5435 "ref">[35155] I&ordf;-IIae q. 37 a. 4 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5436 ergo dicendum quod, quia anima naturaliter movet corpus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5437 spiritualis motus animae naturaliter est causa transmutationis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5438 corporalis. Nec est simile de spiritualibus intentionibus, quae non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5439 habent naturaliter ordinem movendi alia corpora, quae non sunt nata
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5440 moveri ab anima.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5441 <p title="I-II q. 37 a. 4 ad 2"><a name="35156"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5442 "ref">[35156] I&ordf;-IIae q. 37 a. 4 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5443 dicendum quod aliae passiones habent transmutationem corporalem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5444 conformem, secundum suam speciem, motioni vitali, sed tristitia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5445 contrariam, ut supra dictum est.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5446 <p title="I-II q. 37 a. 4 ad 3"><a name="35157"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5447 "ref">[35157] I&ordf;-IIae q. 37 a. 4 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5448 dicendum quod ex leviori causa impeditur usus rationis quam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5449 corrumpatur vita, cum videamus multas aegritudines usum rationis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5450 tollere, quae nondum adimunt vitam. Et tamen timor et ira maxime
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5451 nocumentum corporale afferunt ex permixtione tristitiae, propter
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5452 absentiam eius quod cupitur. Ipsa etiam tristitia quandoque
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5453 rationem aufert, sicut patet in his qui propter dolorem in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5454 melancholiam vel in maniam incidunt.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5455 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5456 <div class="D">Quaestio 38</div>
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5457 <div class="G">Prooemium</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5458 <p title="I-II q. 38 pr."><a name="35158"><span class="ref">[35158]
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5459 I&ordf;-IIae q. 38 pr.</span></a> Deinde considerandum est de
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5460 remediis doloris seu tristitiae. Et circa hoc quaeruntur quinque.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5461 Primo, utrum dolor vel tristitia mitigetur per quamlibet
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5462 delectationem. Secundo, utrum mitigetur per fletum. Tertio, utrum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5463 per compassionem amicorum. Quarto, utrum per contemplationem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5464 veritatis. Quinto, utrum per somnum et balnea.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5465 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5466 <div class="E">Articulus 1</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5467 <p title="I-II q. 38 a. 1 arg. 1"><a name="35159"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5468 "ref">[35159] I&ordf;-IIae q. 38 a. 1 arg. 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5469 sic proceditur. Videtur quod non quaelibet delectatio mitiget
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5470 quemlibet dolorem seu tristitiam. Non enim delectatio tristitiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5471 mitigat, nisi inquantum ei contrariatur, medicinae enim fiunt per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5472 contraria, ut dicitur in II Ethic. Sed non quaelibet delectatio
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5473 contrariatur cuilibet tristitiae, ut supra dictum est. Ergo non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5474 quaelibet delectatio mitigat quamlibet tristitiam.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5475 <p title="I-II q. 38 a. 1 arg. 2"><a name="35160"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5476 "ref">[35160] I&ordf;-IIae q. 38 a. 1 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5477 illud quod causat tristitiam, non mitigat tristitiam. Sed aliquae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5478 delectationes causant tristitiam, quia, ut dicitur in IX Ethic.,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5479 <i>malus tristatur quoniam delectatus est</i>. Non ergo omnis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5480 delectatio mitigat tristitiam.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5481 <p title="I-II q. 38 a. 1 arg. 3"><a name="35161"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5482 "ref">[35161] I&ordf;-IIae q. 38 a. 1 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5483 Augustinus dicit, in IV Confess., quod ipse fugit de patria, in qua
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5484 conversari solitus erat cum amico suo iam mortuo, <i>minus enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5485 quaerebant eum oculi eius, ubi videre non solebant</i>. Ex quo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5486 accipi potest quod illa in quibus nobis amici mortui vel absentes
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5487 communicaverunt, efficiuntur nobis, de eorum morte vel absentia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5488 dolentibus, onerosa. Sed maxime communicaverunt nobis in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5489 delectationibus. Ergo ipsae delectationes efficiuntur nobis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5490 dolentibus onerosae. Non ergo quaelibet delectatio mitigat
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5491 quamlibet tristitiam.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5492 <p title="I-II q. 38 a. 1 s. c."><a name="35162"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5493 "ref">[35162] I&ordf;-IIae q. 38 a. 1 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5494 est quod philosophus dicit, in VII Ethic., quod <i>expellit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5495 delectatio tristitiam, et quae contraria, et quae contingens, si
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5496 sit fortis</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5497 <p title="I-II q. 38 a. 1 co."><a name="35163"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5498 "ref">[35163] I&ordf;-IIae q. 38 a. 1 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5499 dicendum quod, sicut ex praedictis patet, delectatio est quaedam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5500 quies appetitus in bono convenienti; tristitia autem est ex eo quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5501 repugnat appetitui. Unde sic se habet delectatio ad tristitiam in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5502 motibus appetitivis, sicut se habet in corporibus quies ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5503 fatigationem, quae accidit ex aliqua transmutatione innaturali, nam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5504 et ipsa tristitia fatigationem quandam, seu aegritudinem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5505 appetitivae virtutis importat. Sicut igitur quaelibet quies
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5506 corporis remedium affert contra quamlibet fatigationem, ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5507 quacumque causa innaturali provenientem; ita quaelibet delectatio
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5508 remedium affert ad mitigandam quamlibet tristitiam, ex quocumque
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5509 procedat.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5510 <p title="I-II q. 38 a. 1 ad 1"><a name="35164"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5511 "ref">[35164] I&ordf;-IIae q. 38 a. 1 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5512 ergo dicendum quod, licet non omnis delectatio contrarietur omni
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5513 tristitiae secundum speciem, contrariatur tamen secundum genus, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5514 supra dictum est. Et ideo ex parte dispositionis subiecti,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5515 quaelibet tristitia per quamlibet delectationem mitigari
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5516 potest.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5517 <p title="I-II q. 38 a. 1 ad 2"><a name="35165"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5518 "ref">[35165] I&ordf;-IIae q. 38 a. 1 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5519 dicendum quod delectationes malorum non causant tristitiam in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5520 praesenti, sed in futuro, inquantum scilicet mali poenitent de
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5521 malis de quibus laetitiam habuerunt. Et huic tristitiae subvenitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5522 per contrarias delectationes.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5523 <p title="I-II q. 38 a. 1 ad 3"><a name="35166"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5524 "ref">[35166] I&ordf;-IIae q. 38 a. 1 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5525 dicendum quod, quando sunt duae causae ad contrarios motus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5526 inclinantes, utraque alteram impedit, et tamen illa finaliter
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5527 vincit, quae fortior est et diuturnior. In eo autem qui tristatur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5528 de his in quibus simul cum amico mortuo vel absente delectari
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5529 consuevit, duae causae in contrarium moventes inveniuntur. Nam mors
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5530 vel absentia amici recogitata, inclinat ad dolorem, bonum autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5531 praesens inclinat ad delectationem. Unde utrumque per alterum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5532 minuitur. Sed tamen, quia fortius movet sensus praesentis quam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5533 memoria praeteriti, et amor sui ipsius quam amor alterius
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5534 diuturnius manet; inde est quod finaliter delectatio tristitiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5535 expellit. Unde post pauca subdit ibidem Augustinus quod
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5536 <i>pristinis generibus delectationum cedebat dolor eius</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5537 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5538 <div class="E">Articulus 2</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5539 <p title="I-II q. 38 a. 2 arg. 1"><a name="35167"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5540 "ref">[35167] I&ordf;-IIae q. 38 a. 2 arg. 1</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5541 sic proceditur. Videtur quod fletus non mitiget tristitiam. Nullus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5542 enim effectus diminuit suam causam. Sed fletus, vel gemitus, est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5543 effectus tristitiae. Ergo non minuit tristitiam.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5544 <p title="I-II q. 38 a. 2 arg. 2"><a name="35168"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5545 "ref">[35168] I&ordf;-IIae q. 38 a. 2 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5546 sicut fletus vel gemitus est effectus tristitiae, ita risus est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5547 effectus laetitiae. Sed risus non minuit laetitiam. Ergo fletus non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5548 mitigat tristitiam.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5549 <p title="I-II q. 38 a. 2 arg. 3"><a name="35169"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5550 "ref">[35169] I&ordf;-IIae q. 38 a. 2 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5551 in fletu repraesentatur nobis malum contristans. Sed imaginatio rei
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5552 contristantis auget tristitiam, sicut imaginatio rei delectantis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5553 auget laetitiam. Ergo videtur quod fletus non mitiget
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5554 tristitiam.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5555 <p title="I-II q. 38 a. 2 s. c."><a name="35170"><span class=
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5556 "ref">[35170] I&ordf;-IIae q. 38 a. 2 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5557 est quod Augustinus dicit, in IV Confess., quod quando dolebat de
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5558 morte amici, <i>in solis gemitibus et lacrimis erat ei aliquantula
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5559 requies</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5560 <p title="I-II q. 38 a. 2 co."><a name="35171"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5561 "ref">[35171] I&ordf;-IIae q. 38 a. 2 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5562 dicendum quod lacrimae et gemitus naturaliter mitigant tristitiam.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5563 Et hoc duplici ratione. Primo quidem, quia omne nocivum interius
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5564 clausum magis affligit, quia magis multiplicatur intentio animae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5565 circa ipsum, sed quando ad exteriora diffunditur, tunc animae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5566 intentio ad exteriora quodammodo disgregatur, et sic interior dolor
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5567 minuitur. Et propter hoc, quando homines qui sunt in tristitiis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5568 exterius suam tristitiam manifestant vel fletu aut gemitu, vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5569 etiam verbo, mitigatur tristitia. Secundo, quia semper operatio
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5570 conveniens homini secundum dispositionem in qua est, sibi est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5571 delectabilis. Fletus autem et gemitus sunt quaedam operationes
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5572 convenientes tristato vel dolenti. Et ideo efficiuntur ei
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5573 delectabiles. Cum igitur omnis delectatio aliqualiter mitiget
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5574 tristitiam vel dolorem, ut dictum est, sequitur quod per planctum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5575 et gemitum tristitia mitigetur.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5576 <p title="I-II q. 38 a. 2 ad 1"><a name="35172"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5577 "ref">[35172] I&ordf;-IIae q. 38 a. 2 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5578 ergo dicendum quod ipsa habitudo causae ad effectum contrariatur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5579 habitudini contristantis ad contristatum, nam omnis effectus est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5580 conveniens suae causae, et per consequens est ei delectabilis;
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5581 contristans autem contrariatur contristato. Et ideo effectus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5582 tristitiae habet contrariam habitudinem ad contristatum, quam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5583 contristans ad ipsum. Et propter hoc, mitigatur tristitia per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5584 effectum tristitiae, ratione contrarietatis praedictae.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5585 <p title="I-II q. 38 a. 2 ad 2"><a name="35173"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5586 "ref">[35173] I&ordf;-IIae q. 38 a. 2 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5587 dicendum quod habitudo effectus ad causam est similis habitudini
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5588 delectantis ad delectatum, quia utrobique convenientia invenitur.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5589 Omne autem simile auget suum simile. Et ideo per risum et alios
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5590 effectus laetitiae augetur laetitia, nisi forte per accidens,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5591 propter excessum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5592 <p title="I-II q. 38 a. 2 ad 3"><a name="35174"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5593 "ref">[35174] I&ordf;-IIae q. 38 a. 2 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5594 dicendum quod imaginatio rei contristantis, quantum est de se, nata
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5595 est augere tristitiam, sed ex hoc ipso quod homo imaginatur quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5596 facit illud quod convenit sibi secundum talem statum, consurgit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5597 inde quaedam delectatio. Et eadem ratione, si alicui subrepat risus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5598 in statu in quo videtur sibi esse lugendum, ex hoc ipso dolet,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5599 tanquam faciat id quod non convenit, ut Tullius dicit, in III de
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5600 Tuscul. quaestionibus.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5601 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5602 <div class="E">Articulus 3</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5603 <p title="I-II q. 38 a. 3 arg. 1"><a name="35175"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5604 "ref">[35175] I&ordf;-IIae q. 38 a. 3 arg. 1</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5605 sic proceditur. Videtur quod dolor amici compatientis non mitiget
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5606 tristitiam. Contrariorum enim contrarii sunt effectus. Sed sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5607 Augustinus dicit, VIII Confess., <i>quando cum multis gaudetur, in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5608 singulis uberius est gaudium, quia fervere faciunt se, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5609 inflammantur ex alterutro</i>. Ergo, pari ratione, quando multi
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5610 simul tristantur, videtur quod sit maior tristitia.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5611 <p title="I-II q. 38 a. 3 arg. 2"><a name="35176"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5612 "ref">[35176] I&ordf;-IIae q. 38 a. 3 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5613 hoc requirit amicitia, ut amoris vicem quis rependat, ut Augustinus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5614 dicit, IV Confess. Sed amicus condolens dolet de dolore amici
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5615 dolentis. Ergo ipse dolor amici condolentis est causa amico prius
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5616 dolenti de proprio malo, alterius doloris. Et sic, duplicato
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5617 dolore, videtur tristitia crescere.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5618 <p title="I-II q. 38 a. 3 arg. 3"><a name="35177"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5619 "ref">[35177] I&ordf;-IIae q. 38 a. 3 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5620 omne malum amici est contristans, sicut et malum proprium, nam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5621 amicus est alter ipse. Sed dolor est quoddam malum. Ergo dolor
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5622 amici condolentis auget tristitiam amico cui condoletur.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5623 <p title="I-II q. 38 a. 3 s. c."><a name="35178"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5624 "ref">[35178] I&ordf;-IIae q. 38 a. 3 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5625 est quod philosophus dicit, in IX Ethic., quod in tristitiis amicus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5626 condolens consolatur.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5627 <p title="I-II q. 38 a. 3 co."><a name="35179"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5628 "ref">[35179] I&ordf;-IIae q. 38 a. 3 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5629 dicendum quod naturaliter amicus condolens in tristitiis, est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5630 consolativus. Cuius duplicem rationem tangit philosophus in IX
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5631 Ethic. Quarum prima est quia, cum ad tristitiam pertineat
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5632 aggravare, habet rationem cuiusdam oneris, a quo aliquis aggravatus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5633 alleviari conatur. Cum ergo aliquis videt de sua tristitia alios
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5634 contristatos, fit ei quasi quaedam imaginatio quod illud onus alii
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5635 cum ipso ferant, quasi conantes ad ipsum ab onere alleviandum et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5636 ideo levius fert tristitiae onus, sicut etiam in portandis oneribus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5637 corporalibus contingit. Secunda ratio, et melior, est quia per hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5638 quod amici contristantur ei, percipit se ab eis amari; quod est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5639 delectabile, ut supra dictum est. Unde, cum omnis delectatio
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5640 mitiget tristitiam, sicut supra dictum est, sequitur quod amicus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5641 condolens tristitiam mitiget.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5642 <p title="I-II q. 38 a. 3 ad 1"><a name="35180"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5643 "ref">[35180] I&ordf;-IIae q. 38 a. 3 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5644 ergo dicendum quod in utroque amicitia manifestatur, scilicet et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5645 quod congaudet gaudenti, et quod condolet dolenti. Et ideo utrumque
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5646 ratione causae redditur delectabile.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5647 <p title="I-II q. 38 a. 3 ad 2"><a name="35181"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5648 "ref">[35181] I&ordf;-IIae q. 38 a. 3 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5649 dicendum quod ipse dolor amici secundum se contristaret. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5650 consideratio causae eius, quae est amor, magis delectat.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5651 <p title="I-II q. 38 a. 3 ad 3"><a name="35182"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5652 "ref">[35182] I&ordf;-IIae q. 38 a. 3 ad 3</span></a> Et per hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5653 patet responsio ad tertium.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5654 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5655 <div class="E">Articulus 4</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5656 <p title="I-II q. 38 a. 4 arg. 1"><a name="35183"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5657 "ref">[35183] I&ordf;-IIae q. 38 a. 4 arg. 1</span></a> Ad quartum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5658 sic proceditur. Videtur quod contemplatio veritatis non mitiget
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5659 dolorem. Dicitur enim Eccle. I, <i>qui addit scientiam, addit et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5660 dolorem</i>. Sed scientia ad contemplationem veritatis pertinet.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5661 Non ergo contemplatio veritatis mitigat dolorem.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5662 <p title="I-II q. 38 a. 4 arg. 2"><a name="35184"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5663 "ref">[35184] I&ordf;-IIae q. 38 a. 4 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5664 contemplatio veritatis ad intellectum speculativum pertinet. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5665 intellectus speculativus non movet, ut dicitur in III de anima. Cum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5666 igitur gaudium et dolor sint quidam motus animi, videtur quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5667 contemplatio veritatis nihil faciat ad mitigationem doloris.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5668 <p title="I-II q. 38 a. 4 arg. 3"><a name="35185"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5669 "ref">[35185] I&ordf;-IIae q. 38 a. 4 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5670 remedium aegritudinis apponendum est ubi est aegritudo. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5671 contemplatio veritatis est in intellectu. Non ergo mitigat dolorem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5672 corporalem, qui est in sensu.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5673 <p title="I-II q. 38 a. 4 s. c."><a name="35186"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5674 "ref">[35186] I&ordf;-IIae q. 38 a. 4 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5675 est quod Augustinus dicit, in I Soliloq., <i>videbatur mihi, si se
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5676 ille mentibus nostris veritatis fulgor aperiret, aut non me
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5677 sensurum fuisse illum dolorem, aut certe pro nihilo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5678 toleraturum</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5679 <p title="I-II q. 38 a. 4 co."><a name="35187"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5680 "ref">[35187] I&ordf;-IIae q. 38 a. 4 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5681 dicendum quod, sicut supra dictum est, in contemplatione veritatis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5682 maxima delectatio consistit. Omnis autem delectatio dolorem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5683 mitigat, ut supra dictum est. Et ideo contemplatio veritatis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5684 mitigat tristitiam vel dolorem, et tanto magis, quanto perfectius
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5685 aliquis est amator sapientiae. Et ideo homines ex contemplatione
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5686 divina et futurae beatitudinis, in tribulationibus gaudent;
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5687 secundum illud Iacobi I, <i>omne gaudium existimate, fratres mei,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5688 cum in tentationes varias incideritis</i>. Et quod est amplius,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5689 etiam inter corporis cruciatus huiusmodi gaudium invenitur,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5690 <i>sicut Tiburtius martyr, cum nudatis plantis super ardentes
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5691 prunas incederet, dixit, videtur mihi quod super roseos flores
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5692 incedam, in nomine Iesu Christi</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5693 <p title="I-II q. 38 a. 4 ad 1"><a name="35188"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5694 "ref">[35188] I&ordf;-IIae q. 38 a. 4 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5695 ergo dicendum quod qui addit scientiam, addit dolorem, vel propter
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5696 difficultatem et defectum inveniendae veritatis, vel propter hoc,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5697 quod per scientiam homo cognoscit multa quae voluntati
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5698 contrariantur. Et sic ex parte rerum cognitarum, scientia dolorem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5699 causat, ex parte autem contemplationis veritatis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5700 delectationem.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5701 <p title="I-II q. 38 a. 4 ad 2"><a name="35189"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5702 "ref">[35189] I&ordf;-IIae q. 38 a. 4 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5703 dicendum quod intellectus speculativus non movet animum ex parte
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5704 rei speculatae, movet tamen animum ex parte ipsius speculationis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5705 quae est quoddam bonum hominis, et naturaliter delectabilis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5706 <p title="I-II q. 38 a. 4 ad 3"><a name="35190"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5707 "ref">[35190] I&ordf;-IIae q. 38 a. 4 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5708 dicendum quod in viribus animae fit redundantia a superiori ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5709 inferius. Et secundum hoc, delectatio contemplationis, quae est in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5710 superiori parte, redundat ad mitigandum etiam dolorem qui est in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5711 sensu.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5712 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5713 <div class="E">Articulus 5</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5714 <p title="I-II q. 38 a. 5 arg. 1"><a name="35191"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5715 "ref">[35191] I&ordf;-IIae q. 38 a. 5 arg. 1</span></a> Ad quintum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5716 sic proceditur. Videtur quod somnus et balneum non mitigent
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5717 tristitiam. Tristitia enim in anima consistit. Sed somnus et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5718 balneum ad corpus pertinent. Non ergo aliquid faciunt ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5719 mitigationem tristitiae.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5720 <p title="I-II q. 38 a. 5 arg. 2"><a name="35192"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5721 "ref">[35192] I&ordf;-IIae q. 38 a. 5 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5722 idem effectus non videtur causari ex contrariis causis. Sed
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5723 huiusmodi, cum sint corporalia, repugnant contemplationi veritatis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5724 quae est causa mitigationis tristitiae, ut dictum est. Non ergo per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5725 huiusmodi tristitia mitigatur.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5726 <p title="I-II q. 38 a. 5 arg. 3"><a name="35193"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5727 "ref">[35193] I&ordf;-IIae q. 38 a. 5 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5728 tristitia et dolor, secundum quod pertinent ad corpus, in quadam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5729 transmutatione cordis consistunt. Sed huiusmodi remedia magis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5730 videntur pertinere ad exteriores sensus et membra, quam ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5731 interiorem cordis dispositionem. Non ergo per huiusmodi tristitia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5732 mitigatur.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5733 <p title="I-II q. 38 a. 5 s. c."><a name="35194"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5734 "ref">[35194] I&ordf;-IIae q. 38 a. 5 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5735 est quod Augustinus dicit, IX Confess., <i>audieram balnei nomen
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5736 inde dictum, quod anxietatem pellat ex animo</i> et infra,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5737 <i>dormivi, et evigilavi, et non parva ex parte mitigatum inveni
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5738 dolorem meum</i>. Et inducit quod in hymno Ambrosii dicitur, quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5739 <i>quies artus solutos reddit laboris usui, mentesque fessas
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5740 allevat, luctusque solvit anxios</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5741 <p title="I-II q. 38 a. 5 co."><a name="35195"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5742 "ref">[35195] I&ordf;-IIae q. 38 a. 5 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5743 dicendum quod, sicut supra dictum est, tristitia secundum suam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5744 speciem repugnat vitali motioni corporis. Et ideo illa quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5745 reformant naturam corporalem in debitum statum vitalis motionis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5746 repugnant tristitiae, et ipsam mitigant. Per hoc etiam quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5747 huiusmodi remediis reducitur natura ad debitum statum, causatur ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5748 his delectatio, hoc enim est quod delectationem facit, ut supra
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5749 dictum est. Unde, cum omnis delectatio tristitiam mitiget, per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5750 huiusmodi remedia corporalia tristitia mitigatur.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5751 <p title="I-II q. 38 a. 5 ad 1"><a name="35196"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5752 "ref">[35196] I&ordf;-IIae q. 38 a. 5 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5753 ergo dicendum quod ipsa debita corporis dispositio, inquantum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5754 sentitur, delectationem causat, et per consequens tristitiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5755 mitigat.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5756 <p title="I-II q. 38 a. 5 ad 2"><a name="35197"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5757 "ref">[35197] I&ordf;-IIae q. 38 a. 5 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5758 dicendum quod delectationum una aliam impedit, ut supra dictum est,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5759 et tamen omnis delectatio tristitiam mitigat. Unde non est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5760 inconveniens quod ex causis se invicem impedientibus tristitia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5761 mitigetur.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5762 <p title="I-II q. 38 a. 5 ad 3"><a name="35198"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5763 "ref">[35198] I&ordf;-IIae q. 38 a. 5 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5764 dicendum quod omnis bona dispositio corporis redundat quodammodo ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5765 cor, sicut ad principium et finem corporalium motionum, ut dicitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5766 in libro de causa motus animalium.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5767 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5768 <div class="D">Quaestio 39</div>
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5769 <div class="G">Prooemium</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5770 <p title="I-II q. 39 pr."><a name="35199"><span class="ref">[35199]
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5771 I&ordf;-IIae q. 39 pr.</span></a> Deinde considerandum est de
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5772 bonitate et malitia doloris vel tristitiae. Et circa hoc quaeruntur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5773 quatuor. Primo, utrum omnis tristitia sit malum. Secundo, utrum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5774 possit esse bonum honestum. Tertio, utrum possit esse bonum utile.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5775 Quarto, utrum dolor corporis sit summum malum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5776 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5777 <div class="E">Articulus 1</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5778 <p title="I-II q. 39 a. 1 arg. 1"><a name="35200"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5779 "ref">[35200] I&ordf;-IIae q. 39 a. 1 arg. 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5780 sic proceditur. Videtur quod omnis tristitia sit mala. Dicit enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5781 Gregorius Nyssenus, <i>omnis tristitia malum est, sui ipsius
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5782 natura</i>. Sed quod naturaliter est malum, semper et ubique est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5783 malum. Ergo omnis tristitia est mala.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5784 <p title="I-II q. 39 a. 1 arg. 2"><a name="35201"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5785 "ref">[35201] I&ordf;-IIae q. 39 a. 1 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5786 illud quod omnes fugiunt, etiam virtuosi, est malum. Sed tristitiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5787 omnes fugiunt, etiam virtuosi, quia, ut dicitur in VII Ethic.,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5788 <i>etsi prudens non intendat delectari, tamen intendit non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5789 tristari</i>. Ergo tristitia est malum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5790 <p title="I-II q. 39 a. 1 arg. 3"><a name="35202"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5791 "ref">[35202] I&ordf;-IIae q. 39 a. 1 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5792 sicut malum corporale est obiectum et causa doloris corporalis, ita
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5793 malum spirituale est obiectum et causa tristitiae spiritualis. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5794 omnis dolor corporalis est malum corporis. Ergo omnis tristitia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5795 spiritualis est malum animae.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5796 <p title="I-II q. 39 a. 1 s. c."><a name="35203"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5797 "ref">[35203] I&ordf;-IIae q. 39 a. 1 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5798 tristitia de malo contrariatur delectationi de malo. Sed delectatio
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5799 de malo est mala, unde in detestationem quorundam dicitur Prov. II,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5800 quod <i>laetantur cum malefecerint</i>. Ergo tristitia de malo est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5801 bona.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5802 <p title="I-II q. 39 a. 1 co."><a name="35204"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5803 "ref">[35204] I&ordf;-IIae q. 39 a. 1 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5804 dicendum quod aliquid esse bonum vel malum, potest dici dupliciter.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5805 Uno modo, simpliciter et secundum se. Et sic omnis tristitia est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5806 quoddam malum, hoc enim ipsum quod est appetitum hominis anxiari de
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5807 malo praesenti, rationem mali habet; impeditur enim per hoc quies
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5808 appetitus in bono. Alio modo dicitur aliquid bonum vel malum, ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5809 suppositione alterius, sicut verecundia dicitur esse bonum, ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5810 suppositione alicuius turpis commissi, ut dicitur in IV Ethic. Sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5811 igitur, supposito aliquo contristabili vel doloroso, ad bonitatem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5812 pertinet quod aliquis de malo praesenti tristetur vel doleat. Quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5813 enim non tristaretur vel non doleret, non posset esse nisi quia vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5814 non sentiret, vel quia non reputaret sibi repugnans, et utrumque
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5815 istorum est malum manifeste. Et ideo ad bonitatem pertinet ut,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5816 supposita praesentia mali, sequatur tristitia vel dolor. Et hoc est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5817 quod Augustinus dicit, VIII super Gen. ad Litt., <i>adhuc est bonum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5818 quod dolet amissum bonum, nam nisi aliquod bonum remansisset in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5819 natura, nullius boni amissi dolor esset in poena</i>. Sed quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5820 sermones morales sunt in singularibus, quorum sunt operationes,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5821 illud quod est ex suppositione bonum, debet bonum iudicari, sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5822 quod est ex suppositione voluntarium, iudicatur voluntarium, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5823 dicitur in III Ethic., et supra habitum est.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5824 <p title="I-II q. 39 a. 1 ad 1"><a name="35205"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5825 "ref">[35205] I&ordf;-IIae q. 39 a. 1 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5826 ergo dicendum quod Gregorius Nyssenus loquitur de tristitia ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5827 parte mali tristantis, non autem ex parte sentientis et repudiantis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5828 malum. Et ex hac etiam parte omnes fugiunt tristitiam, inquantum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5829 fugiunt malum, sed sensum et refutationem mali non fugiunt. Et sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5830 etiam dicendum est de dolore corporali, nam sensus et recusatio
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5831 mali corporalis attestatur naturae bonae.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5832 <p title="I-II q. 39 a. 1 ad 2"><a name="35206"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5833 "ref">[35206] I&ordf;-IIae q. 39 a. 1 ad 2</span></a> Unde patet
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5834 responsio ad secundum et tertium.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5835 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5836 <div class="E">Articulus 2</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5837 <p title="I-II q. 39 a. 2 arg. 1"><a name="35207"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5838 "ref">[35207] I&ordf;-IIae q. 39 a. 2 arg. 1</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5839 sic proceditur. Videtur quod tristitia non habeat rationem boni
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5840 honesti. Quod enim ad Inferos deducit, contrariatur honesto. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5841 sicut dicit Augustinus, XII super Gen. ad Litt., <i>Iacob hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5842 timuisse videtur, ne nimia tristitia sic perturbaretur, ut non ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5843 requiem beatorum iret, sed ad Inferos peccatorum</i>. Ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5844 tristitia non habet rationem boni honesti.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5845 <p title="I-II q. 39 a. 2 arg. 2"><a name="35208"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5846 "ref">[35208] I&ordf;-IIae q. 39 a. 2 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5847 bonum honestum habet rationem laudabilis et meritorii. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5848 tristitia diminuit rationem laudis et meriti, dicit enim apostolus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5849 II ad Cor. IX, <i>unusquisque prout destinavit in corde suo, non ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5850 tristitia aut ex necessitate</i>. Ergo tristitia non est bonum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5851 honestum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5852 <p title="I-II q. 39 a. 2 arg. 3"><a name="35209"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5853 "ref">[35209] I&ordf;-IIae q. 39 a. 2 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5854 sicut Augustinus dicit, XIV de Civ. Dei, <i>tristitia est de his
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5855 quae, nobis nolentibus, accidunt</i>. Sed non velle ea quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5856 praesentialiter fiunt, est habere voluntatem repugnantem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5857 ordinationi divinae, cuius providentiae subiacent omnia quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5858 aguntur. Ergo, cum conformitas humanae voluntatis ad divinam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5859 pertineat ad rectitudinem voluntatis, ut supra dictum est; videtur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5860 quod tristitia contrarietur rectitudini voluntatis. Et sic non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5861 habet rationem honesti.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5862 <p title="I-II q. 39 a. 2 s. c."><a name="35210"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5863 "ref">[35210] I&ordf;-IIae q. 39 a. 2 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5864 omne quod meretur praemium vitae aeternae, habet rationem honesti.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5865 Sed tristitia est huiusmodi, ut patet per id quod dicitur Matth. V,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5866 <i>beati qui lugent, quoniam ipsi consolabuntur</i>. Ergo tristitia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5867 est bonum honestum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5868 <p title="I-II q. 39 a. 2 co."><a name="35211"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5869 "ref">[35211] I&ordf;-IIae q. 39 a. 2 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5870 dicendum quod, secundum illam rationem qua tristitia est bonum,
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5871 potest esse bonum honestum. Dictum est enim quod tristitia est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5872 bonum secundum cognitionem et recusationem mali. Quae quidem duo in
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5873 dolore corporali, attestantur bonitati naturae, ex qua provenit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5874 quod sensus sentit, et natura refugit laesivum, quod causat
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5875 dolorem. In interiori vero tristitia, cognitio mali quandoque
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5876 quidem est per rectum iudicium rationis; et recusatio mali est per
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5877 voluntatem bene dispositam detestantem malum. Omne autem bonum
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5878 honestum ex his duobus procedit, scilicet ex rectitudine rationis
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5879 et voluntatis. Unde manifestum est quod tristitia potest habere
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5880 rationem boni honesti.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5881 <p title="I-II q. 39 a. 2 ad 1"><a name="35212"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5882 "ref">[35212] I&ordf;-IIae q. 39 a. 2 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5883 ergo dicendum quod omnes passiones animae regulari debent secundum
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5884 regulam rationis, quae est radix boni honesti. Quam transcendit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5885 immoderata tristitia, de qua loquitur Augustinus. Et ideo recedit a
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5886 ratione boni honesti.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5887 <p title="I-II q. 39 a. 2 ad 2"><a name="35213"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5888 "ref">[35213] I&ordf;-IIae q. 39 a. 2 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5889 dicendum quod, sicut tristitia de malo procedit ex voluntate et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5890 ratione recta, quae detestatur malum; ita tristitia de bono
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5891 procedit ex ratione et voluntate perversa, quae detestatur bonum.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5892 Et ideo talis tristitia impedit laudem vel meritum boni honesti,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5893 sicut cum quis facit cum tristitia eleemosynam.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5894 <p title="I-II q. 39 a. 2 ad 3"><a name="35214"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5895 "ref">[35214] I&ordf;-IIae q. 39 a. 2 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5896 dicendum quod aliqua praesentialiter eveniunt, quae non fiunt Deo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5897 volente, sed Deo permittente, sicut peccata. Unde voluntas
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5898 repugnans peccato existenti vel in se vel in alio, non discordat a
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5899 voluntate Dei. Mala vero poenalia praesentialiter contingunt, etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5900 Deo volente. Non tamen exigitur ad rectitudinem voluntatis, quod ea
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5901 secundum se homo velit, sed solum quod non contranitatur ordini
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5902 divinae iustitiae, ut supra dictum est.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5903 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5904 <div class="E">Articulus 3</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5905 <p title="I-II q. 39 a. 3 arg. 1"><a name="35215"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5906 "ref">[35215] I&ordf;-IIae q. 39 a. 3 arg. 1</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5907 sic proceditur. Videtur quod tristitia non possit esse bonum utile.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5908 Dicitur enim Eccli. XXX, <i>multos occidit tristitia, et non est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5909 utilitas in illa</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5910 <p title="I-II q. 39 a. 3 arg. 2"><a name="35216"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5911 "ref">[35216] I&ordf;-IIae q. 39 a. 3 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5912 electio est de eo quod est utile ad finem aliquem. Sed tristitia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5913 non est eligibilis, quinimmo <i>idem sine tristitia, quam cum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5914 tristitia, est magis eligendum</i>, ut dicitur in III Topic. Ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5915 tristitia non est bonum utile.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5916 <p title="I-II q. 39 a. 3 arg. 3"><a name="35217"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5917 "ref">[35217] I&ordf;-IIae q. 39 a. 3 arg. 3</span></a>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5918 <i>Praeterea, omnis res est propter suam operationem</i>, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5919 dicitur in II de coelo. Sed tristitia impedit operationem, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5920 dicitur in X Ethic. Ergo tristitia non habet rationem boni
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5921 utilis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5922 <p title="I-II q. 39 a. 3 s. c."><a name="35218"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5923 "ref">[35218] I&ordf;-IIae q. 39 a. 3 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5924 sapiens non quaerit nisi utilia. Sed sicut dicitur Eccle. VII,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5925 <i>cor sapientum ubi tristitia, et cor stultorum ubi laetitia</i>.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5926 Ergo tristitia est utilis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5927 <p title="I-II q. 39 a. 3 co."><a name="35219"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5928 "ref">[35219] I&ordf;-IIae q. 39 a. 3 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5929 dicendum quod ex malo praesenti insurgit duplex appetitivus motus.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5930 Unus quidem est quo appetitus contrariatur malo praesenti. Et ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5931 ista parte tristitia non habet utilitatem, quia id quod est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5932 praesens, non potest non esse praesens. Secundus motus consurgit in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5933 appetitu ad fugiendum vel repellendum malum contristans. Et quantum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5934 ad hoc, tristitia habet utilitatem, si sit de aliquo quod est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5935 fugiendum. Est enim aliquid fugiendum dupliciter. Uno modo, propter
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5936 seipsum, ex contrarietate quam habet ad bonum; sicut peccatum. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5937 ideo tristitia de peccato utilis est ad hoc quod homo fugiat
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5938 peccatum, sicut apostolus dicit, II ad Cor. VII, <i>gaudeo, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5939 quia contristati estis, sed quia contristati estis ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5940 poenitentiam</i>. Alio modo est aliquid fugiendum, non quia sit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5941 secundum se malum, sed quia est occasio mali; dum vel homo nimis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5942 inhaeret ei per amorem, vel etiam ex hoc praecipitatur in aliquod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5943 malum, sicut patet in bonis temporalibus. Et secundum hoc,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5944 tristitia de bonis temporalibus potest esse utilis, sicut dicitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5945 Eccle. VII, <i>melius est ire ad domum luctus quam ad domum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5946 convivii, in illa enim finis cunctorum admonetur hominum</i>. Ideo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5947 autem tristitia in omni fugiendo est utilis, quia geminatur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5948 fugiendi causa. Nam ipsum malum secundum se fugiendum est, ipsam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5949 autem tristitiam secundum se omnes fugiunt, sicut etiam bonum omnes
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5950 appetunt, et delectationem de bono. Sicut ergo delectatio de bono
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5951 facit ut bonum avidius quaeratur, ita tristitia de malo facit ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5952 malum vehementius fugiatur.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5953 <p title="I-II q. 39 a. 3 ad 1"><a name="35220"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5954 "ref">[35220] I&ordf;-IIae q. 39 a. 3 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5955 ergo dicendum quod auctoritas illa intelligitur de immoderata
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5956 tristitia, quae animum absorbet. Huiusmodi enim tristitia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5957 immobilitat animum, et impedit fugam mali, ut supra dictum est.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5958 <p title="I-II q. 39 a. 3 ad 2"><a name="35221"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5959 "ref">[35221] I&ordf;-IIae q. 39 a. 3 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5960 dicendum quod, sicut quodlibet eligibile fit minus eligibile
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5961 propter tristitiam, ita quodlibet fugiendum redditur magis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5962 fugiendum propter tristitiam. Et quantum ad hoc, tristitia est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5963 utilis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5964 <p title="I-II q. 39 a. 3 ad 3"><a name="35222"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5965 "ref">[35222] I&ordf;-IIae q. 39 a. 3 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5966 dicendum quod tristitia de operatione aliqua, impedit operationem,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5967 sed tristitia de cessatione operationis, facit avidius operari.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5968 <br />
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5969 <div class="E">Articulus 4</div>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5970 <p title="I-II q. 39 a. 4 arg. 1"><a name="35223"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5971 "ref">[35223] I&ordf;-IIae q. 39 a. 4 arg. 1</span></a> Ad quartum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5972 sic proceditur. Videtur quod tristitia sit summum malum. Optimo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5973 enim opponitur pessimum, ut dicitur in VIII Ethic. Sed quaedam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5974 delectatio est optimum, quae scilicet pertinet ad felicitatem. Ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5975 aliqua tristitia est summum malum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5976 <p title="I-II q. 39 a. 4 arg. 2"><a name="35224"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5977 "ref">[35224] I&ordf;-IIae q. 39 a. 4 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5978 beatitudo est summum bonum hominis, quia est ultimus hominis finis.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5979 Sed beatitudo consistit in hoc quod homo habeat quidquid velit, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5980 nihil mali velit, ut supra dictum est. Ergo summum bonum hominis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5981 est impletio voluntatis ipsius. Sed tristitia consistit in hoc quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5982 accidit aliquid contra voluntatem, ut patet per Augustinum, XIV de
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5983 Civ. Dei. Ergo tristitia est summum malum hominis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5984 <p title="I-II q. 39 a. 4 arg. 3"><a name="35225"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5985 "ref">[35225] I&ordf;-IIae q. 39 a. 4 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5986 Augustinus sic argumentatur in Soliloq., <i>ex duabus partibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5987 compositi sumus, ex anima scilicet et corpore, quarum pars deterior
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5988 corpus est. Summum autem bonum est melioris partis optimum, summum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5989 autem malum, pessimum deterioris. Est autem optimum in animo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5990 sapientia, in corpore pessimum dolor. Summum igitur bonum hominis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5991 est sapere, summum malum dolere</i>.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5992 <p title="I-II q. 39 a. 4 s. c."><a name="35226"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5993 "ref">[35226] I&ordf;-IIae q. 39 a. 4 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5994 culpa est magis malum quam poena, ut in primo habitum est. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5995 tristitia seu dolor pertinet ad poenam peccati; sicut frui rebus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5996 mutabilibus est malum culpae. Dicit enim Augustinus, in libro de
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5997 vera religione, <i>quis est dolor qui dicitur animi, nisi carere
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
5998 mutabilibus rebus quibus fruebatur, aut frui se posse speraverat?
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
5999 Et hoc est totum quod dicitur malum, idest peccatum, et poena
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6000 peccati</i>. Ergo tristitia seu dolor non est summum malum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6001 hominis.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6002 <p title="I-II q. 39 a. 4 co."><a name="35227"><span class=
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
6003 "ref">[35227] I&ordf;-IIae q. 39 a. 4 co.</span></a> Respondeo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
6004 dicendum quod impossibile est aliquam tristitiam seu dolorem esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6005 summum hominis malum. Omnis enim tristitia seu dolor aut est de hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
6006 quod est vere malum, aut est de aliquo apparenti malo, quod est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
6007 vere bonum. Dolor autem seu tristitia quae est de vere malo, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
6008 potest esse summum malum, est enim aliquid eo peius, scilicet vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
6009 non iudicare esse malum illud quod vere est malum, vel etiam non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
6010 refutare illud. Tristitia autem vel dolor qui est de apparenti
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
6011 malo, quod est vere bonum, non potest esse summum malum, quia peius
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
6012 esset omnino alienari a vero bono. Unde impossibile est quod aliqua
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
6013 tristitia vel dolor sit summum hominis malum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
6014 <p title="I-II q. 39 a. 4 ad 1"><a name="35228"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
6015 "ref">[35228] I&ordf;-IIae q. 39 a. 4 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
6016 ergo dicendum quod duo bona sunt communia et delectationi et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
6017 tristitiae, scilicet iudicium verum de bono et malo; et ordo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
6018 debitus voluntatis approbantis bonum et recusantis malum. Et sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
6019 patet quod in dolore vel tristitia est aliquod bonum per cuius
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
6020 privationem potest fieri deterius. Sed non in omni delectatione est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
6021 aliquod malum, per cuius remotionem possit fieri melius. Unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
6022 delectatio aliqua potest esse summum hominis bonum, eo modo quo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6023 supra dictum est, tristitia autem non potest esse summum hominis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6024 malum.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6025 <p title="I-II q. 39 a. 4 ad 2"><a name="35229"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
6026 "ref">[35229] I&ordf;-IIae q. 39 a. 4 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
6027 dicendum quod hoc ipsum quod est voluntatem repugnare malo, est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
6028 quoddam bonum. Et propter hoc, tristitia vel dolor non potest esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
6029 summum malum, quia habet aliquam permixtionem boni.</p>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
6030 <p title="I-II q. 39 a. 4 ad 3"><a name="35230"><span class=
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parents: 26
diff changeset
6031 "ref">[35230] I&ordf;-IIae q. 39 a. 4 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
6032 dicendum quod peius est quod nocet meliori, quam quod nocet peiori.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
6033 Malum autem dicitur quia nocet, ut dicit Augustinus in Enchirid.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
6034 Unde maius malum est quod est malum animae, quam quod est malum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
6035 corporis. Unde non est efficax, ratio, quam Augustinus inducit non
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parents: 26
diff changeset
6036 ex sensu suo sed ex sensu alterius.</p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
6037 <div class="centro"><br />
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parents: 26
diff changeset
6038 <p><a href="sth2022.html"><img src="icons/ageretro.gif" width="19"
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parents: 26
diff changeset
6039 height="19" align="middle" border="0" alt="age retro" /></a> &nbsp;
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parents: 26
diff changeset
6040 <a href="sth2040.html"><img src="icons/ageultra.gif" width="19"
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parents: 26
diff changeset
6041 height="19" align="middle" border="0" alt="age ultra" /></a></p>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
6042 <br />
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diff changeset
6043 <hr />
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parents: 26
diff changeset
6044 <br />
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diff changeset
6045 <address>&copy; 2006 Fundaci&oacute;n Tom&aacute;s de Aquino quoad
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parents: 26
diff changeset
6046 hanc editionem<br />
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parents: 26
diff changeset
6047 Iura omnia asservantur<br />
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parents: 26
diff changeset
6048 OCLC nr. <a href="http://worldcatlibraries.org/wcpa/oclc/49644264"
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parents: 26
diff changeset
6049 style="text-decoration=none">49644264</a></address>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
6050 </div>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
6051 </body>
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diff changeset
6052 </html>