annotate summa/latin/sth4073.html @ 53:d777cc3962f2

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1 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
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2 <!DOCTYPE html
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3 PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "file:///c:/cygwin/usr/local/share/lib/xml/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
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4 <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="LA" lang="LA">
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5 <head>
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9 <meta content="text/javascript" http-equiv="Content-Script-Type"/>
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10 <meta content="Thomas de Aquino, Summa Theologiae, Corpus Thomisticum" name="keywords"/>
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13 <meta content="ealarcon@unav.es" name="owner"/>
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14 <meta content="Enrique Alarcón" name="author"/>
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15 <meta content="" name="abstract"/>
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17 <link type="text/css" href="vprint.css" media="print" rel="stylesheet"/>
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18 <title>Thomas de Aquino, Summa Theologiae, IIIª q. 73</title>
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19 </head>
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20 <body><a href="http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/"/><div class="tres">CORPUS THOMISTICUM</div><div class="uno">Sancti Thomae de Aquino</div><div class="uno">Summa Theologiae</div><div class="dos">tertia pars quaestio LXXIII</div><div class="centro">
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21 <table summary="Imago" align="center">
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22 <tr>
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23 <th><img align="middle" alt="Thomas de Aquino a Sassetta depictus" border="0" height="180" width="204" src="icons/bene180.jpg"/></th>
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24 </tr>
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25 </table>
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26 <br/>
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27 <span class="tres">Textum Leoninum Romae 1906 editum<br/>
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28 ac automato translatum a Roberto Busa SJ in taenias
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29 magneticas<br/>
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30 denuo recognovit Enrique Alarcón atque instruxit<br/>
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31 <br/></span><br/>
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32 <hr/>
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33 <br/>
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34 <p><a href="sth4072.html"><img alt="age retro" border="0" align="middle" height="19" width="19" src="icons/ageretro.gif"/></a>  
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35 <a href="sth4074.html"><img alt="age ultra" border="0" align="middle" height="19" width="19" src="icons/ageultra.gif"/></a></p>
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36 <script type="text/javascript" language="JavaScript">
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37 //
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38 &lt;!--
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39 // original code by Bill Trefzger 12/12/96; revised by Enrique Alarcon 12/9/2000
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43 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="none"&gt;------------------------------------------------');
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101 // --&gt;
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102 //
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103 </script><br/>
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104 <hr/>
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105 <br/></div><div class="q" id="q73"><h2>Quaestio 73</h2><div class="p"><h3>Prooemium</h3><p title="III q. 73 pr."><a name="50415"><span class="ref">[50415]
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106 IIIª q. 73 pr.</span></a> Consequenter considerandum est de
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107 sacramento Eucharistiae. Et primo, de ipso sacramento; secundo, de
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108 materia; tertio, de forma; quarto, de effectu; quinto, de
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109 recipientibus hoc sacramentum; sexto, de ministro; septimo, de
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110 ritu. Circa primum quaeruntur sex. Primo, utrum Eucharistia sit
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111 sacramentum. Secundo, utrum sit unum vel plura. Tertio, utrum sit
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112 de necessitate salutis. Quarto, de nominibus eius. Quinto, de
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113 institutione ipsius. Sexto, de figuris eius.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 1</h3><p title="III q. 73 a. 1 arg. 1"><a name="50416"><span class="ref">[50416] IIIª q. 73 a. 1 arg. 1</span></a> Ad primum sic
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114 proceditur. Videtur quod Eucharistia non sit sacramentum. Ad idem
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115 enim non debent ordinari duo sacramenta, quia unumquodque
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116 sacramentum efficax est ad suum effectum producendum. Cum ergo ad
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117 perfectionem ordinetur confirmatio et Eucharistia, ut Dionysius
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118 dicit, IV cap. Eccl. Hier., videtur Eucharistia non esse
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119 sacramentum, cum confirmatio sit sacramentum, ut prius habitum
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120 est.</p><p title="III q. 73 a. 1 arg. 2"><a name="50417"><span class="ref">[50417] IIIª q. 73 a. 1 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea, in
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121 quolibet sacramento novae legis id quod visibiliter subiicitur
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122 sensui, efficit invisibilem effectum sacramenti, sicut ablutio
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123 aquae causat et characterem baptismalem et ablutionem spiritualem,
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124 ut supra dictum est. Sed species panis et vini, quae subiiciuntur
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125 sensui in hoc sacramento, non efficiunt neque ipsum corpus Christi
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126 verum, quod est res et sacramentum, neque corpus mysticum, quod est
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127 res tantum in Eucharistia. Ergo videtur quod Eucharistia non sit
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128 sacramentum novae legis.</p><p title="III q. 73 a. 1 arg. 3"><a name="50418"><span class="ref">[50418] IIIª q. 73 a. 1 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
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129 sacramenta novae legis habentia materiam in usu materiae
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130 perficiuntur, sicut Baptismus in ablutione, et confirmatio in
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131 chrismatis consignatione. Si ergo Eucharistia sit sacramentum,
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132 perficeretur in usu materiae, non in consecratione ipsius materiae.
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133 Quod patet esse falsum, quia forma huius sacramenti sunt verba quae
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134 in consecratione materiae dicuntur, ut infra patebit. Ergo
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135 Eucharistia non est sacramentum.</p><p title="III q. 73 a. 1 s. c."><a name="50419"><span class="ref">[50419] IIIª q. 73 a. 1 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
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136 quod in collecta dicitur, <i>hoc tuum sacramentum non sit nobis
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137 reatus ad poenam</i>.</p><p title="III q. 73 a. 1 co."><a name="50420"><span class="ref">[50420] IIIª q. 73 a. 1 co.</span></a> Respondeo
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138 dicendum quod sacramenta Ecclesiae ordinantur ad subveniendum
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139 homini in vita spirituali. Vita autem spiritualis vitae corporali
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140 conformatur, eo quod corporalia spiritualium similitudinem gerunt.
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141 Manifestum est autem quod, sicut ad vitam corporalem requiritur
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142 generatio, per quam homo vitam accipit, et augmentum, quo homo
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143 perducitur ad perfectionem vitae; ita etiam requiritur alimentum,
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144 quo homo conservatur in vita. Et ideo, sicut ad vitam spiritualem
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145 oportuit esse Baptismum, qui est spiritualis generatio, et
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146 confirmationem, quae est spirituale augmentum; ita oportuit esse
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147 sacramentum Eucharistiae, quod est spirituale alimentum.</p><p title="III q. 73 a. 1 ad 1"><a name="50421"><span class="ref">[50421] IIIª q. 73 a. 1 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28
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148 dicendum quod duplex est perfectio. Una quae est in ipso homine, ad
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149 quam perducitur per augmentum. Et talis perfectio competit
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150 confirmationi. Alia autem est perfectio quam homo consequitur ex
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151 adiunctione cibi vel indumenti, vel alicuius huiusmodi. Et talis
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152 perfectio competit Eucharistiae, quae est spiritualis refectio.</p><p title="III q. 73 a. 1 ad 2"><a name="50422"><span class="ref">[50422] IIIª q. 73 a. 1 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
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153 dicendum quod aqua Baptismi non causat aliquem spiritualem effectum
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154 propter ipsam aquam, sed propter virtutem spiritus sancti in aqua
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155 existentem, unde Chrysostomus dicit, super illud Ioan. V,
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156 <i>Angelus domini secundum tempus etc., in baptizatis non
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157 simpliciter aqua operatur, sed, cum spiritus sancti susceperit
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158 gratiam, tunc omnia solvit peccata</i>. Sicut autem se habet virtus
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159 spiritus sancti ad aquam Baptismi, ita se habet corpus Christi
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160 verum ad species panis et vini. Unde species panis et vini non
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161 efficiunt aliquid nisi virtute corporis Christi veri.</p><p title="III q. 73 a. 1 ad 3"><a name="50423"><span class="ref">[50423] IIIª q. 73 a. 1 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
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162 dicendum quod sacramentum dicitur ex eo quod continet aliquid
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163 sacrum. Potest autem aliquid esse sacrum dupliciter, scilicet
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164 absolute, et in ordine ad aliud. Haec est autem differentia inter
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165 Eucharistiam et alia sacramenta habentia materiam sensibilem, quod
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166 Eucharistia continet aliquid sacrum absolute, scilicet ipsum
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167 Christum, aqua vero Baptismi continet aliquid sacrum in ordine ad
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168 aliud, scilicet virtutem ad sanctificandum, et eadem ratio est de
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169 chrismate et similibus. Et ideo sacramentum Eucharistiae perficitur
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170 in ipsa consecratione materiae, alia vero sacramenta perficiuntur
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171 in applicatione materiae ad hominem sanctificandum. Et ex hoc etiam
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172 consequitur alia differentia. Nam in sacramento Eucharistiae id
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173 quod est res et sacramentum, est in ipsa materia; id autem quod est
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174 res tantum, est in suscipiente, scilicet gratia quae confertur. In
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175 Baptismo autem utrumque est in suscipiente, et character, qui est
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176 res et sacramentum; et gratia remissionis peccatorum, quae est res
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177 tantum. Et eadem ratio est de aliis sacramentis.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 2</h3><p title="III q. 73 a. 2 arg. 1"><a name="50424"><span class="ref">[50424] IIIª q. 73 a. 2 arg. 1</span></a> Ad secundum
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178 sic proceditur. Videtur quod Eucharistia non sit unum sacramentum,
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179 sed plura. Dicitur enim in collecta, <i>purificent nos, quaesumus,
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180 domine, sacramenta quae sumpsimus</i>, quod quidem dicitur propter
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181 Eucharistiae sumptionem. Ergo Eucharistia non est unum sacramentum,
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182 sed plura.</p><p title="III q. 73 a. 2 arg. 2"><a name="50425"><span class="ref">[50425] IIIª q. 73 a. 2 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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183 impossibile est, multiplicato genere, non multiplicari speciem,
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184 sicut quod unus homo sit plura animalia. Sed signum est genus
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185 sacramenti, ut supra dictum est. Cum igitur in Eucharistia sint
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186 plura signa, scilicet panis et vini, videtur consequens esse quod
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187 sint plura sacramenta.</p><p title="III q. 73 a. 2 arg. 3"><a name="50426"><span class="ref">[50426] IIIª q. 73 a. 2 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea, hoc
28
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188 sacramentum perficitur in consecratione materiae, sicut dictum est.
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189 Sed in hoc sacramento est duplex materiae consecratio. Ergo est
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190 duplex sacramentum.</p><p title="III q. 73 a. 2 s. c."><a name="50427"><span class="ref">[50427] IIIª q. 73 a. 2 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28
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191 quod apostolus dicit, I Cor. X, <i>unus panis et unum corpus multi
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192 sumus, omnes qui de uno pane et uno calice participamus</i>. Ex quo
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193 patet quod Eucharistia sit sacramentum ecclesiasticae unitatis. Sed
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194 sacramentum similitudinem gerit rei cuius est sacramentum. Ergo
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195 Eucharistia est unum sacramentum.</p><p title="III q. 73 a. 2 co."><a name="50428"><span class="ref">[50428] IIIª q. 73 a. 2 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
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196 dicendum quod, sicut dicitur V Metaphys., unum dicitur non solum
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197 quod est indivisibile vel quod est continuum, sed etiam quod est
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198 perfectum, sicut cum dicitur una domus, et unus homo. Est autem
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199 unum perfectione ad cuius integritatem concurrunt omnia quae
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200 requiruntur ad finem eiusdem, sicut homo integratur ex omnibus
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201 membris necessariis operationi animae, et domus ex partibus quae
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202 sunt necessariae ad inhabitandum. Et sic hoc sacramentum dicitur
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203 unum. Ordinatur enim ad spiritualem refectionem, quae corporali
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204 conformatur. Ad corporalem autem refectionem duo requiruntur,
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205 scilicet cibus, qui est alimentum siccum; et potus, qui est
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206 alimentum humidum. Et ideo etiam ad integritatem huius sacramenti
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207 duo concurrunt, scilicet spiritualis cibus et spiritualis potus,
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208 secundum illud Ioan. VI, <i>caro mea vere est cibus, et sanguis
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209 meus vere est potus</i>. Ergo hoc sacramentum multa quidem
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210 materialiter est, sed unum formaliter et perfective.</p><p title="III q. 73 a. 2 ad 1"><a name="50429"><span class="ref">[50429] IIIª q. 73 a. 2 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28
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211 dicendum quod in collecta eadem et pluraliter dicitur primo,
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212 <i>purificent nos sacramenta quae sumpsimus</i>; et postea
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213 singulariter subditur, <i>hoc tuum sacramentum non sit nobis reatus
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214 ad poenam</i>, ad ostendendum quod hoc sacramentum quodammodo est
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215 multa, simpliciter autem unum.</p><p title="III q. 73 a. 2 ad 2"><a name="50430"><span class="ref">[50430] IIIª q. 73 a. 2 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
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216 dicendum quod panis et vinum materialiter quidem sunt plura signa,
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217 formaliter vero et perfective unum, inquantum ex eis perficitur una
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218 refectio.</p><p title="III q. 73 a. 2 ad 3"><a name="50431"><span class="ref">[50431] IIIª q. 73 a. 2 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
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219 dicendum quod ex hoc quod est duplex consecratio huius sacramenti,
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220 non potest plus haberi nisi quod hoc sacramentum materialiter est
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221 multa, ut dictum est.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 3</h3><p title="III q. 73 a. 3 arg. 1"><a name="50432"><span class="ref">[50432] IIIª q. 73 a. 3 arg. 1</span></a> Ad tertium sic
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222 proceditur. Videtur quod hoc sacramentum sit de necessitate
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223 salutis. Dicit enim dominus, Ioan. VI, <i>nisi manducaveritis
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224 carnem filii hominis et biberitis eius sanguinem, non habebitis
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225 vitam in vobis</i>. Sed in hoc sacramento manducatur caro Christi
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226 et bibitur sanguis eius. Ergo sine hoc sacramento non potest homo
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227 habere salutem spiritualis vitae.</p><p title="III q. 73 a. 3 arg. 2"><a name="50433"><span class="ref">[50433] IIIª q. 73 a. 3 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea, hoc
28
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228 sacramentum est quoddam spirituale alimentum. Sed alimentum
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229 corporale est de necessitate corporalis salutis. Ergo etiam hoc
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230 sacramentum est de necessitate salutis spiritualis.</p><p title="III q. 73 a. 3 arg. 3"><a name="50434"><span class="ref">[50434] IIIª q. 73 a. 3 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
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231 sicut Baptismus est sacramentum dominicae passionis, sine qua non
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232 est salus, ita et Eucharistia, dicit enim apostolus, I Cor. XI,
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233 <i>quotiescumque manducaveritis panem hunc et calicem biberitis,
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234 mortem domini annuntiabitis, donec veniat</i>. Ergo, sicut
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235 Baptismus est de necessitate salutis, ita hoc sacramentum.</p><p title="III q. 73 a. 3 s. c."><a name="50435"><span class="ref">[50435] IIIª q. 73 a. 3 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28
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236 quod scribit Augustinus Bonifacio, contra Pelagianos, <i>nec id
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237 cogitetis, parvulos vitam habere non posse, qui sunt expertes
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238 corporis et sanguinis Christi</i>.</p><p title="III q. 73 a. 3 co."><a name="50436"><span class="ref">[50436] IIIª q. 73 a. 3 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
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239 dicendum quod in hoc sacramento duo est considerare, scilicet ipsum
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240 sacramentum, et rem sacramenti. Dictum est autem quod res
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241 sacramenti est unitas corporis mystici, sine qua non potest esse
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242 salus, nulli enim patet aditus salutis extra Ecclesiam, sicut nec
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243 in diluvio absque arca Noe, quae significat Ecclesiam, ut habetur I
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244 Petr. III. Dictum est autem supra quod res alicuius sacramenti
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245 haberi potest ante perceptionem sacramenti, ex ipso voto sacramenti
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246 percipiendi. Unde ante perceptionem huius sacramenti, potest homo
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247 habere salutem ex voto percipiendi hoc sacramentum, sicut et ante
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248 Baptismum ex voto Baptismi, ut supra dictum est. Tamen est
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249 differentia quantum ad duo. Primo quidem, quia Baptismus est
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250 principium spiritualis vitae, et ianua sacramentorum. Eucharistia
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251 vero est quasi consummatio spiritualis vitae, et omnium
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252 sacramentorum finis, ut supra dictum est, per sanctificationes enim
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253 omnium sacramentorum fit praeparatio ad suscipiendam vel
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254 consecrandam Eucharistiam. Et ideo perceptio Baptismi est
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255 necessaria ad inchoandam spiritualem vitam, perceptio autem
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256 Eucharistiae est necessaria ad consummandam ipsam, non ad hoc quod
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257 simpliciter habeatur, sed sufficit eam habere in voto, sicut et
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258 finis habetur in desiderio et intentione. Alia differentia est,
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259 quia per Baptismum ordinatur homo ad Eucharistiam. Et ideo ex hoc
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260 ipso quod pueri baptizantur, ordinantur per Ecclesiam ad
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261 Eucharistiam. Et sic, sicut ex fide Ecclesiae credunt, sic ex
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262 intentione Ecclesiae desiderant Eucharistiam, et per consequens
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263 recipiunt rem ipsius. Sed ad Baptismum non ordinantur per aliud
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264 praecedens sacramentum. Et ideo, ante susceptionem Baptismi, non
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265 habent pueri aliquo modo Baptismum in voto, sed soli adulti. Unde
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266 rem sacramenti percipere non possunt sine perceptione sacramenti.
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267 Et ideo hoc sacramentum non hoc modo est de necessitate salutis
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268 sicut Baptismus.</p><p title="III q. 73 a. 3 ad 1"><a name="50437"><span class="ref">[50437] IIIª q. 73 a. 3 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28
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269 dicendum quod, sicut Augustinus dicit, exponens illud verbum
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270 Ioannis, hunc cibum et potum, scilicet carnis suae et sanguinis,
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271 <i>societatem vult intelligi corporis et membrorum suorum, quod est
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272 Ecclesia, in praedestinatis et vocatis et iustificatis et
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273 glorificatis sanctis et fidelibus eius</i>. Unde, sicut ipse dicit,
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274 in epistola ad Bonifacium, <i>nulli est aliquatenus ambigendum tunc
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275 unumquemque fidelium corporis sanguinisque domini participem fieri,
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276 quando in Baptismate membrum corporis Christi efficitur, nec
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277 alienari ab illius panis calicisque consortio, etiam si, antequam
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278 panem illum comedat et calicem bibat, de hoc saeculo in unitate
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279 corporis Christi constitutus abscedat</i>.</p><p title="III q. 73 a. 3 ad 2"><a name="50438"><span class="ref">[50438] IIIª q. 73 a. 3 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
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280 dicendum quod haec est differentia inter alimentum corporale et
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281 spirituale, quod alimentum corporale convertitur in substantiam
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282 eius qui nutritur, et ideo non potest homini valere ad vitae
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283 conservationem alimentum corporale nisi realiter sumatur. Sed
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284 alimentum spirituale convertit hominem in seipsum, secundum illud
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285 quod Augustinus dicit, in libro Confess., quod <i>quasi audivit
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286 vocem Christi dicentis, nec tu me mutabis in te, sicut cibum carnis
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287 tuae, sed tu mutaberis in me</i>. Potest autem aliquis in Christum
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288 mutari et ei incorporari voto mentis, etiam sine huius sacramenti
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289 perceptione. Et ideo non est simile.</p><p title="III q. 73 a. 3 ad 3"><a name="50439"><span class="ref">[50439] IIIª q. 73 a. 3 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
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290 dicendum quod Baptismus est sacramentum mortis et passionis Christi
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291 prout homo regeneratur in Christo virtute passionis eius. Sed
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292 Eucharistia est sacramentum passionis Christi prout homo perficitur
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293 in unione ad Christum passum. Unde, sicut Baptismus dicitur
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294 sacramentum fidei, quae est fundamentum spiritualis vitae; ita
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295 Eucharistia dicitur sacramentum caritatis, quae est vinculum
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296 perfectionis, ut dicitur Coloss. III.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 4</h3><p title="III q. 73 a. 4 arg. 1"><a name="50440"><span class="ref">[50440] IIIª q. 73 a. 4 arg. 1</span></a> Ad quartum sic
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297 proceditur. Videtur quod inconvenienter hoc sacramentum pluribus
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298 nominibus nominetur. Nomina enim debent respondere rebus. Sed hoc
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299 sacramentum est unum, ut dictum est. Ergo non debet pluribus
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300 nominibus nominari.</p><p title="III q. 73 a. 4 arg. 2"><a name="50441"><span class="ref">[50441] IIIª q. 73 a. 4 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
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301 species non notificatur convenienter per id quod est commune toti
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302 generi. Sed Eucharistia est sacramentum novae legis. Omnibus autem
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303 sacramentis commune est quod in eis confertur gratia, quod
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304 significat nomen Eucharistiae, quod est idem quod bona gratia.
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305 Omnia etiam sacramenta remedium nobis afferunt in via praesentis
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306 vitae, quod pertinet ad rationem viatici. In omnibus etiam
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307 sacramentis fit aliquid sacrum, quod pertinet ad rationem
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308 sacrificii. Et per omnia sacramenta sibi invicem fideles
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309 communicant, quod significat hoc nomen synaxis in Graeco, vel
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310 communio in Latino. Ergo haec nomina non convenienter adaptantur
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311 huic sacramento.</p><p title="III q. 73 a. 4 arg. 3"><a name="50442"><span class="ref">[50442] IIIª q. 73 a. 4 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
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312 hostia videtur idem esse quod sacrificium. Sicut ergo non proprie
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313 dicitur sacrificium, ita nec proprie dicitur hostia.</p><p title="III q. 73 a. 4 s. c."><a name="50443"><span class="ref">[50443] IIIª q. 73 a. 4 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
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314 quod usus fidelium habet.</p><p title="III q. 73 a. 4 co."><a name="50444"><span class="ref">[50444] IIIª q. 73 a. 4 co.</span></a> Respondeo
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315 dicendum quod hoc sacramentum habet triplicem significationem. Unam
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316 quidem respectu praeteriti, inquantum scilicet est commemorativum
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317 dominicae passionis, quae fuit verum sacrificium, ut supra dictum
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318 est. Et secundum hoc nominatur sacrificium. Aliam autem
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319 significationem habet respectu rei praesentis, scilicet
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320 ecclesiasticae unitatis, cui homines congregantur per hoc
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321 sacramentum. Et secundum hoc nominatur communio vel synaxis, dicit
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322 enim Damascenus, IV libro, quod <i>dicitur communio, quia
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323 communicamus per ipsam Christo; et quia participamus eius carne et
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324 deitate; et quia communicamus et unimur ad invicem per ipsam</i>.
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325 Tertiam significationem habet respectu futuri, inquantum scilicet
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326 hoc sacramentum est praefigurativum fruitionis Dei, quae erit in
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327 patria. Et secundum hoc dicitur viaticum, quia hoc praebet nobis
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328 viam illuc perveniendi. Et secundum hoc etiam dicitur Eucharistia,
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329 idest bona gratia, quia <i>gratia Dei est vita aeterna</i>, ut
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330 dicitur Rom. VI; vel quia realiter continet Christum, qui est
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331 plenus gratia. Dicitur etiam in Graeco metalepsis, idest assumptio,
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332 quia, ut Damascenus dicit, <i>per hoc filii deitatem
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333 assumimus</i>.</p><p title="III q. 73 a. 4 ad 1"><a name="50445"><span class="ref">[50445] IIIª q. 73 a. 4 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
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334 dicendum quod nihil prohibet idem pluribus nominibus nominari
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335 secundum diversas proprietates vel effectus.</p><p title="III q. 73 a. 4 ad 2"><a name="50446"><span class="ref">[50446] IIIª q. 73 a. 4 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
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336 dicendum quod id quod est commune omnibus sacramentis, attribuitur
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337 antonomastice ei, propter eius excellentiam.</p><p title="III q. 73 a. 4 ad 3"><a name="50447"><span class="ref">[50447] IIIª q. 73 a. 4 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
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338 dicendum quod hoc sacramentum dicitur sacrificium, inquantum
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339 repraesentat ipsam passionem Christi. Dicitur autem hostia,
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340 inquantum continet ipsum Christum, qui est hostia suavitatis, ut
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341 dicitur Ephes. V.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 5</h3><p title="III q. 73 a. 5 arg. 1"><a name="50448"><span class="ref">[50448] IIIª q. 73 a. 5 arg. 1</span></a> Ad quintum sic
28
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342 proceditur. Videtur quod non fuerit conveniens institutio istius
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343 sacramenti. Ut enim philosophus dicit, in II de Generat., <i>ex
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344 eisdem nutrimur ex quibus sumus</i>. Sed per Baptismum, qui est
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345 spiritualis regeneratio, accipimus esse spirituale, ut Dionysius
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346 dicit, II cap. Eccles. Hier. Ergo per Baptismum etiam nutrimur. Non
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347 ergo fuit necessarium instituere hoc sacramentum quasi spirituale
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348 nutrimentum.</p><p title="III q. 73 a. 5 arg. 2"><a name="50449"><span class="ref">[50449] IIIª q. 73 a. 5 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea, per
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349 hoc sacramentum homines Christo uniuntur sicut membra capiti. Sed
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350 Christus est caput omnium hominum, etiam qui fuerunt ab initio
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351 mundi, ut supra dictum est. Ergo non debuit institutio huius
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352 sacramenti differri usque ad cenam domini.</p><p title="III q. 73 a. 5 arg. 3"><a name="50450"><span class="ref">[50450] IIIª q. 73 a. 5 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea, hoc
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353 sacramentum dicitur esse memoriale dominicae passionis, secundum
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354 illud Matth. XXVI, <i>hoc facite in meam commemorationem</i>. Sed
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355 memoria est praeteritorum. Ergo hoc sacramentum non debuit institui
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356 ante Christi passionem.</p><p title="III q. 73 a. 5 arg. 4"><a name="50451"><span class="ref">[50451] IIIª q. 73 a. 5 arg. 4</span></a> Praeterea, per
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357 Baptismum aliquis ordinatur ad Eucharistiam, quae non nisi
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358 baptizatis dari debet. Sed Baptismus institutus fuit post Christi
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359 passionem et resurrectionem, ut patet Matth. ult. Ergo
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360 inconvenienter hoc sacramentum fuit ante passionem Christi
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361 institutum.</p><p title="III q. 73 a. 5 s. c."><a name="50452"><span class="ref">[50452] IIIª q. 73 a. 5 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
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362 quod hoc sacramentum institutum est a Christo, de quo dicitur Marc.
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363 VII, <i>bene omnia fecit</i>.</p><p title="III q. 73 a. 5 co."><a name="50453"><span class="ref">[50453] IIIª q. 73 a. 5 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
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364 dicendum quod convenienter hoc sacramentum institutum fuit in cena,
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365 in qua scilicet Christus ultimo cum discipulis suis fuit
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366 conversatus. Primo quidem, ratione continentiae huius sacramenti.
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367 Continetur enim ipse Christus in Eucharistia sicut in sacramento.
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368 Et ideo, quando ipse Christus in propria specie a discipulis
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369 discessurus erat, in sacramentali specie seipsum eis reliquit,
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370 sicut in absentia imperatoris exhibetur veneranda eius imago. Unde
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371 Eusebius dicit, <i>quia corpus assumptum ablaturus erat ab oculis
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372 et illaturus sideribus, necesse erat ut die cenae sacramentum
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373 corporis et sanguinis sui consecraret nobis, ut coleretur iugiter
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374 per mysterium quod semel offerebatur in pretium</i>. Secundo, quia
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375 sine fide passionis Christi nunquam potuit esse salus, secundum
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376 illud Rom. III, <i>quem proposuit Deus propitiatorem per fidem in
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377 sanguine ipsius</i>. Et ideo oportuit omni tempore apud homines
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378 esse aliquod repraesentativum dominicae passionis. Cuius in veteri
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379 quidem testamento praecipuum sacramentum erat agnus paschalis, unde
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380 et apostolus dicit, I Cor. V, <i>Pascha nostrum immolatus est
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381 Christus</i>. Successit autem ei in novo testamento Eucharistiae
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382 sacramentum, quod est rememorativum praeteritae passionis, sicut et
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383 illud fuit praefigurativum futurae. Et ideo conveniens fuit,
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384 imminente passione, celebrato priori sacramento, novum sacramentum
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385 instituere, ut Leo Papa dicit. Tertio, quia ea quae ultimo
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386 dicuntur, maxime ab amicis recedentibus, magis memoriae
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387 commendantur, praesertim quia tunc magis inflammatur affectus ad
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388 amicos, ea vero ad quae magis afficimur, profundius animo
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389 imprimuntur. Quia igitur, ut beatus Alexander Papa dicit, <i>nihil
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390 in sacrificiis maius esse potest quam corpus et sanguis Christi,
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391 nec ulla oblatio hac potior est</i>, ideo, ut in maiori veneratione
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392 haberetur, dominus in ultimo discessu suo a discipulis hoc
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393 sacramentum instituit. Et hoc est quod Augustinus dicit, in libro
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394 responsionum ad Ianuarium, <i>salvator, quo vehementius commendaret
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395 mysterii illius altitudinem, ultimum hoc voluit infigere cordibus
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396 et memoriae discipulorum, a quibus ad passionem discessurus
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397 erat</i>.</p><p title="III q. 73 a. 5 ad 1"><a name="50454"><span class="ref">[50454] IIIª q. 73 a. 5 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28
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398 dicendum quod ex eisdem nutrimur ex quibus sumus, non tamen eodem
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399 modo nobis advenientibus. Nam ea ex quibus sumus, nobis adveniunt
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400 per generationem, eadem autem, inquantum ex eis nutrimur, nobis
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401 adveniunt per manducationem. Unde et, sicut per Baptismum
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402 regeneramur in Christo, ita per Eucharistiam manducamus
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403 Christum.</p><p title="III q. 73 a. 5 ad 2"><a name="50455"><span class="ref">[50455] IIIª q. 73 a. 5 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
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404 dicendum quod Eucharistia est sacramentum perfectum dominicae
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405 passionis, tanquam continens ipsum Christum passum. Et ideo non
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406 potuit institui ante incarnationem, sed tunc habebant locum
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407 sacramenta quae erant tantum praefigurativa dominicae
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408 passionis.</p><p title="III q. 73 a. 5 ad 3"><a name="50456"><span class="ref">[50456] IIIª q. 73 a. 5 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
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diff changeset
409 dicendum quod sacramentum illud fuit institutum in cena ut in
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410 futurum esset memoriale dominicae passionis, ea perfecta. Unde
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411 signanter dicit, <i>haec quotiescumque feceritis</i>, de futuro
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412 loquens.</p><p title="III q. 73 a. 5 ad 4"><a name="50457"><span class="ref">[50457] IIIª q. 73 a. 5 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
28
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413 dicendum quod institutio respondet ordini intentionis. Sacramentum
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414 autem Eucharistiae, quamvis sit posterius Baptismo in perceptione,
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415 est tamen prius in intentione. Et ideo debuit prius institui. Vel
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416 potest dici quod Baptismus iam erat institutus in ipso Christi
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417 Baptismo. Unde et iam aliqui ipso Christi Baptismo erant baptizati,
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418 ut legitur Ioan. III.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 6</h3><p title="III q. 73 a. 6 arg. 1"><a name="50458"><span class="ref">[50458] IIIª q. 73 a. 6 arg. 1</span></a> Ad sextum sic
28
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419 proceditur. Videtur quod agnus paschalis non fuerit praecipua
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420 figura huius sacramenti. Christus enim dicitur sacerdos secundum
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421 ordinem Melchisedech, propter hoc quod Melchisedech gessit figuram
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422 sacrificii Christi, offerens panem et vinum. Sed expressio
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423 similitudinis facit quod unum ab alio denominetur. Ergo videtur
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424 quod oblatio Melchisedech fuerit potissima figura huius
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425 sacramenti.</p><p title="III q. 73 a. 6 arg. 2"><a name="50459"><span class="ref">[50459] IIIª q. 73 a. 6 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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426 transitus maris rubri fuit figura Baptismi, secundum illud I Cor.
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427 X, <i>omnes baptizati sunt in nube et in mari</i>. Sed immolatio
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428 agni paschalis praecessit transitum maris rubri, quem subsecutum
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429 est manna, sicut Eucharistia sequitur Baptismum. Ergo manna est
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430 expressior figura huius sacramenti quam agnus paschalis.</p><p title="III q. 73 a. 6 arg. 3"><a name="50460"><span class="ref">[50460] IIIª q. 73 a. 6 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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431 potissima virtus huius sacramenti est quod introducit nos in regnum
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432 caelorum, sicut quoddam viaticum. Sed hoc maxime figuratum fuit in
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433 sacramento expiationis, quando <i>pontifex intrabat semel in anno
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434 cum sanguine in sancta sanctorum</i>, sicut apostolus probat, Heb.
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435 IX. Ergo videtur quod illud sacrificium fuerit expressior figura
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436 huius sacramenti quam agnus paschalis.</p><p title="III q. 73 a. 6 s. c."><a name="50461"><span class="ref">[50461] IIIª q. 73 a. 6 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28
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diff changeset
437 quod apostolus dicit, I Cor. V, <i>Pascha nostrum immolatus est
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438 Christus. Itaque epulemur in azymis sinceritatis et
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439 veritatis</i>.</p><p title="III q. 73 a. 6 co."><a name="50462"><span class="ref">[50462] IIIª q. 73 a. 6 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
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diff changeset
440 dicendum quod in hoc sacramento tria considerare possumus, scilicet
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441 id quod est sacramentum tantum, scilicet panis et vinum; et id quod
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442 est res et sacramentum, scilicet corpus Christi verum; et id quod
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443 est res tantum, scilicet effectus huius sacramenti. Quantum igitur
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444 ad id quod est sacramentum tantum potissima figura fuit huius
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445 sacramenti oblatio Melchisedech, qui obtulit panem et vinum.
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446 Quantum autem ad ipsum Christum passum, qui continetur in hoc
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447 sacramento, figurae eius fuerunt omnia sacrificia veteris
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448 testamenti; et praecipue sacrificium expiationis, quod erat
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449 solemnissimum. Quantum autem ad effectum, fuit praecipua eius
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450 figura manna, quod <i>habebat in se omnis saporis suavitatem</i>,
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451 ut dicitur Sap. XVI, sicut et gratia huius sacramenti quantum ad
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452 omnia reficit mentem. Sed agnus paschalis quantum ad haec tria
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453 praefigurabat hoc sacramentum. Quantum enim ad primum, quia
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454 manducabatur cum panibus azymis, secundum illud Exod. XII, <i>edent
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455 carnes et azymos panes</i>. Quantum vero ad secundum, quia
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456 immolabatur ab omni multitudine filiorum Israel quartadecima luna,
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457 quod fuit figura passionis Christi, qui propter innocentiam dicitur
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458 agnus. Quantum vero ad effectum, quia per sanguinem agni paschalis
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459 protecti sunt filii Israel a devastante Angelo, et educti de
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460 Aegyptiaca servitute. Et quantum ad hoc, ponitur figura huius
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461 sacramenti praecipua agnus paschalis, quia secundum omnia eam
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462 repraesentat.</p><p title="III q. 73 a. 6 ad arg."><a name="50463"><span class="ref">[50463] IIIª q. 73 a. 6 ad arg.</span></a> Et per hoc
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463 patet responsio ad obiecta.</p></div></div><div class="centro"><br/>
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464 <p><a href="sth4072.html"><img alt="age retro" border="0" align="middle" height="19" width="19" src="icons/ageretro.gif"/></a>  
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465 <a href="sth4074.html"><img alt="age ultra" border="0" align="middle" height="19" width="19" src="icons/ageultra.gif"/></a></p>
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466 <br/>
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467 <hr/>
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468 <br/>
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469 <address>© 2006 Fundación Tomás de Aquino quoad
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470 hanc editionem<br/>
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471 Iura omnia asservantur<br/>
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472 OCLC nr. <a style="text-decoration=none" href="http://worldcatlibraries.org/wcpa/oclc/49644264">49644264</a></address>
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473 </div></body>
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474 </html>