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annotate summa/latin/sth4046.html @ 53:d777cc3962f2

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author ht
date Mon, 28 Dec 2009 13:00:58 +0000
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1 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
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2 <!DOCTYPE html
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3 PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "file:///c:/cygwin/usr/local/share/lib/xml/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
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4 <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="LA" lang="LA">
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5 <head>
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6 <meta content="HTML Tidy for Windows (vers 1st February 2005), see www.w3.org" name="generator"/>
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7 <meta content="text/html; charset=us-ascii" http-equiv="Content-Type"/>
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8 <meta content="text/css" http-equiv="Content-Style-Type"/>
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9 <meta content="text/javascript" http-equiv="Content-Script-Type"/>
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10 <meta content="Thomas de Aquino, Summa Theologiae, Corpus Thomisticum" name="keywords"/>
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11 <meta content="Latin" name="language"/>
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12 <meta content="public" name="security"/>
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13 <meta content="ealarcon@unav.es" name="owner"/>
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14 <meta content="Enrique Alarcón" name="author"/>
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15 <meta content="" name="abstract"/>
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17 <link type="text/css" href="vprint.css" media="print" rel="stylesheet"/>
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18 <title>Thomas de Aquino, Summa Theologiae, IIIª q.
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19 46-52</title>
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20 </head>
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21 <body><a href="http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/"/><div class="tres">CORPUS THOMISTICUM</div><div class="uno">Sancti Thomae de Aquino</div><div class="uno">Summa Theologiae</div><div class="dos">tertia pars a quaestione XLVI ad quaestionem
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22 LII</div><div class="centro">
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23 <table summary="Imago" align="center">
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24 <tr>
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25 <th><img align="middle" alt="Thomas de Aquino a Sassetta depictus" border="0" height="180" width="204" src="icons/bene180.jpg"/></th>
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26 </tr>
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27 </table>
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28 <br/>
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29 <span class="tres">Textum Leoninum Romae 1903 editum<br/>
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30 ac automato translatum a Roberto Busa SJ in taenias
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31 magneticas<br/>
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32 denuo recognovit Enrique Alarcón atque instruxit<br/>
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33 <br/></span><br/>
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34 <hr/>
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35 <br/>
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36 <p><a href="sth4040.html"><img alt="age retro" border="0" align="middle" height="19" width="19" src="icons/ageretro.gif"/></a>  
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37 <a href="sth4053.html"><img alt="age ultra" border="0" align="middle" height="19" width="19" src="icons/ageultra.gif"/></a></p>
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38 <script type="text/javascript" language="JavaScript">
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39 //
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40 &lt;!--
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41 // original code by Bill Trefzger 12/12/96; revised by Enrique Alarcon 12/9/2000
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138 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48930"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 46 a. 10 arg. 2');
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diff changeset
139 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48931"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 46 a. 10 arg. 3');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
140 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48932"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 46 a. 10 s. c.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
141 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48933"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 46 a. 10 co.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
142 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48934"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 46 a. 10 ad 1');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
143 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48935"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 46 a. 10 ad 2');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
144 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48936"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 46 a. 10 ad 3');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
145 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48937"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 46 a. 11 arg. 1');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
146 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48938"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 46 a. 11 arg. 2');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
147 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48939"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 46 a. 11 arg. 3');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
148 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48940"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 46 a. 11 s. c.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
149 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48941"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 46 a. 11 co.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
150 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48942"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 46 a. 11 ad 1');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
151 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48943"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 46 a. 11 ad 2');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
152 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48944"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 46 a. 11 ad 3');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
153 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48945"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 46 a. 12 arg. 1');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
154 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48946"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 46 a. 12 arg. 2');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
155 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48947"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 46 a. 12 arg. 3');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
156 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48948"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 46 a. 12 s. c.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
157 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48949"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 46 a. 12 co.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
158 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48950"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 46 a. 12 ad 1');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
159 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48951"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 46 a. 12 ad 2');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
160 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48952"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 46 a. 12 ad 3');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
161 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48953"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 47 pr.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
162 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48954"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 47 a. 1 arg. 1');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
163 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48955"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 47 a. 1 arg. 2');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
164 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48956"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 47 a. 1 arg. 3');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
165 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48957"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 47 a. 1 s. c.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
166 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48958"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 47 a. 1 co.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
167 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48959"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 47 a. 1 ad 1');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
168 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48960"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 47 a. 1 ad 2');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
169 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48961"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 47 a. 1 ad 3');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
170 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48962"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 47 a. 2 arg. 1');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
171 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48963"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 47 a. 2 arg. 2');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
172 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48964"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 47 a. 2 arg. 3');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
173 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48965"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 47 a. 2 s. c.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
174 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48966"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 47 a. 2 co.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
175 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48967"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 47 a. 2 ad 1');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
176 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48968"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 47 a. 2 ad 2');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
177 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48969"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 47 a. 2 ad 3');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
178 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48970"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 47 a. 3 arg. 1');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
179 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48971"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 47 a. 3 arg. 2');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
180 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48972"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 47 a. 3 arg. 3');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
181 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48973"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 47 a. 3 s. c.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
182 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48974"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 47 a. 3 co.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
183 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48975"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 47 a. 3 ad 1');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
184 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48976"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 47 a. 3 ad 2');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
185 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48977"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 47 a. 3 ad 3');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
186 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48978"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 47 a. 4 arg. 1');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
187 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48979"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 47 a. 4 arg. 2');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
188 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48980"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 47 a. 4 arg. 3');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
189 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48981"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 47 a. 4 s. c.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
190 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48982"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 47 a. 4 co.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
191 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48983"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 47 a. 4 ad 1');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
192 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48984"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 47 a. 4 ad 2');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
193 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48985"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 47 a. 4 ad 3');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
194 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48986"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 47 a. 5 arg. 1');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
195 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48987"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 47 a. 5 arg. 2');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
196 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48988"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 47 a. 5 arg. 3');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
197 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48989"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 47 a. 5 s. c.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
198 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48990"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 47 a. 5 co.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
199 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48991"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 47 a. 5 ad 1');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
200 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48992"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 47 a. 5 ad 2');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
201 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48993"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 47 a. 5 ad 3');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
202 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48994"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 47 a. 6 arg. 1');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
203 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48995"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 47 a. 6 arg. 2');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
204 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48996"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 47 a. 6 arg. 3');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
205 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48997"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 47 a. 6 s. c.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
206 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48998"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 47 a. 6 co.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
207 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#48999"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 47 a. 6 ad 1');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
208 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#49000"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 47 a. 6 ad 2');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
209 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#49001"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 47 a. 6 ad 3');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
210 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#49002"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 48 pr.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
211 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#49003"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 48 a. 1 arg. 1');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
212 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#49004"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 48 a. 1 arg. 2');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
213 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#49005"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 48 a. 1 arg. 3');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
214 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#49006"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 48 a. 1 s. c.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
215 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#49007"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 48 a. 1 co.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
216 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#49008"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 48 a. 1 ad 1');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
217 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#49009"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 48 a. 1 ad 2');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
218 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#49010"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 48 a. 1 ad 3');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
219 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#49011"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 48 a. 2 arg. 1');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
220 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#49012"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 48 a. 2 arg. 2');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
221 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#49013"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 48 a. 2 arg. 3');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
222 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#49014"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 48 a. 2 s. c.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
223 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#49015"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 48 a. 2 co.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
224 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#49016"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 48 a. 2 ad 1');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
225 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#49017"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 48 a. 2 ad 2');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
226 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#49018"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 48 a. 2 ad 3');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
227 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#49019"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 48 a. 3 arg. 1');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
228 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#49020"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 48 a. 3 arg. 2');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
229 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#49021"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 48 a. 3 arg. 3');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
230 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#49022"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 48 a. 3 s. c.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
231 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#49023"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 48 a. 3 co.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
232 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#49024"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 48 a. 3 ad 1');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
233 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#49025"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 48 a. 3 ad 2');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
234 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#49026"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 48 a. 3 ad 3');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
235 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#49027"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 48 a. 4 arg. 1');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
236 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#49028"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 48 a. 4 arg. 2');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
237 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#49029"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 48 a. 4 arg. 3');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
238 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#49030"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 48 a. 4 s. c.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
239 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#49031"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 48 a. 4 co.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
240 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#49032"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 48 a. 4 ad 1');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
241 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#49033"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 48 a. 4 ad 2');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
242 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#49034"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 48 a. 4 ad 3');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
243 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#49035"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 48 a. 5 arg. 1');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
244 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#49036"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 48 a. 5 arg. 2');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
245 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#49037"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 48 a. 5 arg. 3');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
246 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#49038"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 48 a. 5 s. c.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
247 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#49039"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 48 a. 5 co.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
248 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#49040"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 48 a. 5 ad 1');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
249 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#49041"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 48 a. 5 ad 2');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
250 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#49042"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 48 a. 5 ad 3');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
251 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#49043"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 48 a. 6 arg. 1');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
252 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#49044"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 48 a. 6 arg. 2');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
253 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#49045"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 48 a. 6 arg. 3');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
254 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#49046"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 48 a. 6 s. c.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
255 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#49047"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 48 a. 6 co.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
256 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#49048"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 48 a. 6 ad 1');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
257 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#49049"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 48 a. 6 ad 2');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
258 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#49050"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 48 a. 6 ad 3');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
259 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#49051"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 49 pr.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
260 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#49052"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 49 a. 1 arg. 1');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
261 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#49053"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 49 a. 1 arg. 2');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
262 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#49054"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 49 a. 1 arg. 3');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
263 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#49055"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 49 a. 1 arg. 4');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
264 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#49056"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 49 a. 1 arg. 5');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
265 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#49057"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 49 a. 1 s. c.');
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diff changeset
266 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#49058"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 49 a. 1 co.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
267 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#49059"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 49 a. 1 ad 1');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
268 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#49060"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 49 a. 1 ad 2');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
269 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#49061"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 49 a. 1 ad 3');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
270 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#49062"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 49 a. 1 ad 4');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
271 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#49063"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 49 a. 1 ad 5');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
272 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#49064"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 49 a. 2 arg. 1');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
273 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#49065"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 49 a. 2 arg. 2');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
274 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#49066"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 49 a. 2 arg. 3');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
275 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#49067"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 49 a. 2 s. c.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
276 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#49068"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 49 a. 2 co.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
277 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#49069"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 49 a. 2 ad 1');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
278 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#49070"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 49 a. 2 ad 2');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
279 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#49071"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 49 a. 2 ad 3');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
280 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#49072"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 49 a. 3 arg. 1');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
281 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#49073"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 49 a. 3 arg. 2');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
282 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#49074"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 49 a. 3 arg. 3');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
283 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#49075"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 49 a. 3 s. c.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
284 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#49076"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 49 a. 3 co.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
285 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#49077"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 49 a. 3 ad 1');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
286 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#49078"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 49 a. 3 ad 2');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
287 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#49079"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 49 a. 3 ad 3');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
288 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#49080"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 49 a. 4 arg. 1');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
289 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#49081"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 49 a. 4 arg. 2');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
290 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#49082"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 49 a. 4 arg. 3');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
291 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#49083"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 49 a. 4 s. c.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
292 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#49084"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 49 a. 4 co.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
293 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#49085"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 49 a. 4 ad 1');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
294 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#49086"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 49 a. 4 ad 2');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
295 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#49087"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 49 a. 4 ad 3');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
296 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#49088"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 49 a. 5 arg. 1');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
297 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#49089"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 49 a. 5 arg. 2');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
298 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#49090"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 49 a. 5 arg. 3');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
299 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#49091"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 49 a. 5 arg. 4');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
300 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#49092"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 49 a. 5 s. c.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
301 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#49093"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 49 a. 5 co.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
302 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#49094"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 49 a. 5 ad 1');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
303 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#49095"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 49 a. 5 ad 2');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
304 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#49096"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 49 a. 5 ad 3');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
305 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#49097"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 49 a. 5 ad 4');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
306 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#49098"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 49 a. 6 arg. 1');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
307 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#49099"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 49 a. 6 arg. 2');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
308 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#49100"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 49 a. 6 arg. 3');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
309 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#49101"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 49 a. 6 s. c.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
310 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#49102"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 49 a. 6 co.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
311 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#49103"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 49 a. 6 ad 1');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
312 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#49104"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 49 a. 6 ad 2');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
313 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#49105"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 49 a. 6 ad 3');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
314 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#49106"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 50 pr.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
315 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#49107"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 50 a. 1 arg. 1');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
316 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#49108"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 50 a. 1 arg. 2');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
317 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#49109"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 50 a. 1 arg. 3');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
318 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#49110"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 50 a. 1 s. c.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
319 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#49111"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 50 a. 1 co.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
320 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#49112"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 50 a. 1 ad 1');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
321 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#49113"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 50 a. 1 ad 2');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
322 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#49114"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 50 a. 1 ad 3');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
323 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#49115"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 50 a. 2 arg. 1');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
324 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#49116"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 50 a. 2 arg. 2');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
325 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#49117"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 50 a. 2 arg. 3');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
326 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#49118"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 50 a. 2 s. c.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
327 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#49119"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 50 a. 2 co.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
328 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#49120"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 50 a. 2 ad 1');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
329 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#49121"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 50 a. 2 ad 2');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
330 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#49122"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 50 a. 2 ad 3');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
331 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#49123"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 50 a. 3 arg. 1');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
332 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#49124"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 50 a. 3 arg. 2');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
333 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#49125"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 50 a. 3 arg. 3');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
334 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#49126"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 50 a. 3 arg. 4');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
335 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#49127"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 50 a. 3 s. c.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
336 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#49128"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 50 a. 3 co.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
337 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#49129"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 50 a. 3 ad 1');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
338 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#49130"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 50 a. 3 ad 2');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
339 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#49131"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 50 a. 3 ad 3');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
340 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#49132"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 50 a. 3 ad 4');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
341 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#49133"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 50 a. 4 arg. 1');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
342 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#49134"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 50 a. 4 arg. 2');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
343 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#49135"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 50 a. 4 arg. 3');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
344 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#49136"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 50 a. 4 s. c.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
345 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#49137"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 50 a. 4 co.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
346 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#49138"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 50 a. 4 ad 1');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
347 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#49139"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 50 a. 4 ad 2');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
348 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#49140"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 50 a. 4 ad 3');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
349 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#49141"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 50 a. 5 arg. 1');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
350 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#49142"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 50 a. 5 arg. 2');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
351 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#49143"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 50 a. 5 arg. 3');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
352 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#49144"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 50 a. 5 s. c.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
353 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#49145"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 50 a. 5 co.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
354 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#49146"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 50 a. 5 ad 1');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
355 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#49147"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 50 a. 5 ad 2');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
356 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#49148"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 50 a. 5 ad 3');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
357 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#49149"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 50 a. 6 arg. 1');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
358 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#49150"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 50 a. 6 arg. 2');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
359 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#49151"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 50 a. 6 arg. 3');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
360 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#49152"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 50 a. 6 s. c.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
361 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#49153"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 50 a. 6 co.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
362 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#49154"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 50 a. 6 ad 1');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
363 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#49155"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 50 a. 6 ad 2');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
364 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#49156"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 50 a. 6 ad 3');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
365 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#49157"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 51 pr.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
366 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#49158"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 51 a. 1 arg. 1');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
367 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#49159"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 51 a. 1 arg. 2');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
368 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#49160"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 51 a. 1 arg. 3');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
369 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#49161"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 51 a. 1 s. c.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
370 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#49162"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 51 a. 1 co.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
371 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#49163"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 51 a. 1 ad 1');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
372 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#49164"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 51 a. 1 ad 2');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
373 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#49165"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 51 a. 1 ad 3');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
374 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#49166"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 51 a. 2 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
375 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#49167"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 51 a. 2 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
376 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#49168"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 51 a. 2 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
377 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#49169"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 51 a. 2 arg. 4');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
378 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#49170"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 51 a. 2 s. c.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
379 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#49171"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 51 a. 2 co.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
380 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#49172"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 51 a. 2 ad 1');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
381 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#49173"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 51 a. 2 ad 2');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
382 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#49174"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 51 a. 2 ad 3');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
383 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#49175"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 51 a. 2 ad 4');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
384 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#49176"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 51 a. 3 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
385 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#49177"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 51 a. 3 arg. 2');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
386 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#49178"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 51 a. 3 arg. 3');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
387 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#49179"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 51 a. 3 s. c.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
388 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#49180"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 51 a. 3 co.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
389 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#49181"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 51 a. 3 ad 1');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
390 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#49182"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 51 a. 3 ad 2');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
391 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#49183"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 51 a. 3 ad 3');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
392 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#49184"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 51 a. 4 arg. 1');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
393 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#49185"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 51 a. 4 arg. 2');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
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432 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#49224"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 52 a. 4 s. c.');
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433 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#49225"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 52 a. 4 co.');
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436 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#49228"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 52 a. 4 ad 3');
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437 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#49229"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 52 a. 5 arg. 1');
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438 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#49230"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 52 a. 5 arg. 2');
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439 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#49231"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 52 a. 5 arg. 3');
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440 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#49232"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 52 a. 5 s. c.');
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441 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#49233"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 52 a. 5 co.');
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445 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#49237"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 52 a. 6 arg. 1');
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446 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#49238"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 52 a. 6 arg. 2');
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447 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#49239"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 52 a. 6 arg. 3');
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448 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#49240"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 52 a. 6 s. c.');
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449 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#49241"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 52 a. 6 co.');
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450 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#49242"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 52 a. 6 ad 1');
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451 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#49243"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 52 a. 6 ad 2');
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452 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#49244"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 52 a. 6 ad 3');
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453 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#49245"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 52 a. 7 arg. 1');
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454 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#49246"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 52 a. 7 arg. 2');
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455 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#49247"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 52 a. 7 arg. 3');
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456 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#49248"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 52 a. 7 s. c.');
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457 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#49249"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 52 a. 7 co.');
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458 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#49250"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 52 a. 7 ad 1');
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459 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#49251"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 52 a. 7 ad 2');
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460 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#49252"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 52 a. 7 ad 3');
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461 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#49253"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 52 a. 8 arg. 1');
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462 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#49254"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 52 a. 8 arg. 2');
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463 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#49255"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 52 a. 8 arg. 3');
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464 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#49256"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 52 a. 8 s. c.');
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465 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#49257"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 52 a. 8 co.');
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466 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#49258"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 52 a. 8 ad 1');
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467 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#49259"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 52 a. 8 ad 2');
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468 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#49260"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 52 a. 8 ad 3');
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469 document.write('&lt;\/SELECT&gt;');
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470 document.write('&lt;BR&gt;&lt;BR&gt;');
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471 document.write('&lt;INPUT TYPE="button" VALUE="Agedum" ONCLICK="go()"&gt;');
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472 document.write('&lt;\/FORM&gt;');
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473 // --&gt;
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474 //
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475 </script><br/>
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476 <hr/>
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477 <br/></div><div class="q" id="q46"><h2>Quaestio 46</h2><div class="p"><h3>Prooemium</h3><p title="III q. 46 pr."><a name="48842"><span class="ref">[48842]
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478 IIIª q. 46 pr.</span></a> Consequenter considerandum est de
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479 his quae pertinent ad exitum Christi de mundo. Et primo, de
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480 passione eius; secundo, de morte; tertio, de sepultura; quarto, de
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481 descensu ad Inferos. Circa passionem occurrit triplex consideratio,
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482 prima, de ipsa passione; secunda, de causa efficiente passionis;
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483 tertia, de fructu passionis. Circa primum quaeruntur duodecim.
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484 Primo, utrum necesse fuerit Christum pati pro liberatione hominum.
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485 Secundo, utrum fuerit alius modus possibilis liberationis humanae.
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486 Tertio, utrum iste modus fuerit convenientior. Quarto, utrum fuerit
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487 conveniens quod in cruce pateretur. Quinto, de generalitate
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488 passionis eius. Sexto, utrum dolor quem in passione sustinuit,
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489 fuerit maximus. Septimo, utrum tota anima eius pateretur. Octavo,
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490 utrum passio eius impediverit gaudium fruitionis. Nono, de tempore
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491 passionis. Decimo, de loco. Undecimo, utrum conveniens fuerit ipsum
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492 cum latronibus crucifigi. Duodecimo, utrum passio ipsius Christi
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493 sit divinitati attribuenda.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 1</h3><p title="III q. 46 a. 1 arg. 1"><a name="48843"><span class="ref">[48843] IIIª q. 46 a. 1 arg. 1</span></a> Ad primum sic
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494 proceditur. Videtur quod non fuerit necessarium Christum pati pro
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495 humani generis liberatione. Humanum enim genus liberari non poterat
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496 nisi a Deo, secundum illud Isaiae XLV, <i>nunquid non ego dominus,
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497 et non est ultra Deus absque me? Deus iustus et salvans non est
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498 praeter me</i>. In Deum autem non cadit aliqua necessitas, quia hoc
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499 repugnaret omnipotentiae ipsius. Ergo non fuit necessarium Christum
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500 pati.</p><p title="III q. 46 a. 1 arg. 2"><a name="48844"><span class="ref">[48844] IIIª q. 46 a. 1 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
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501 necessarium voluntario opponitur. Sed Christus propria voluntate
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502 est passus, dicitur enim Isaiae LIII, <i>oblatus est quia ipse
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503 voluit</i>. Ergo non necessarium fuit eum pati.</p><p title="III q. 46 a. 1 arg. 3"><a name="48845"><span class="ref">[48845] IIIª q. 46 a. 1 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
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504 sicut in Psalmo dicitur, <i>universae viae domini misericordia et
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505 veritas</i>. Sed non videtur necessarium quod pateretur ex parte
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506 misericordiae divinae, quae, sicut gratis dona tribuit, ita videtur
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507 quod gratis debita relaxet, absque satisfactione. Neque etiam ex
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508 parte divinae iustitiae, secundum quam homo aeternam damnationem
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509 meruerat. Ergo videtur non fuisse necessarium quod Christus pro
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510 liberatione hominum pateretur.</p><p title="III q. 46 a. 1 arg. 4"><a name="48846"><span class="ref">[48846] IIIª q. 46 a. 1 arg. 4</span></a> Praeterea,
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511 angelica natura est excellentior quam humana, ut patet per
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512 Dionysium, IV cap. de Div. Nom. Sed pro reparatione angelicae
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513 naturae, quae peccaverat, Christus non est passus. Ergo videtur
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514 quod nec etiam fuerit necessarium eum pati pro salute humani
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515 generis.</p><p title="III q. 46 a. 1 s. c."><a name="48847"><span class="ref">[48847] IIIª q. 46 a. 1 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
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516 quod dicitur Ioan. III, <i>sicut Moyses exaltavit serpentem in
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517 deserto, sic oportet exaltari filium hominis, ut omnis qui credit
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518 in eum non pereat, sed habeat vitam aeternam</i>. Quod quidem de
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519 exaltatione in cruce intelligitur. Ergo videtur quod Christum
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520 oportuerit pati.</p><p title="III q. 46 a. 1 co."><a name="48848"><span class="ref">[48848] IIIª q. 46 a. 1 co.</span></a> Respondeo
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521 dicendum quod, sicut philosophus docet in V Metaphys., necessarium
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522 multipliciter dicitur. Uno quidem modo, quod secundum sui naturam
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523 impossibile est aliter se habere. Et sic manifestum est quod non
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524 fuit necessarium Christum pati, neque ex parte Dei, neque ex parte
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525 hominis. Alio modo dicitur aliquid necessarium ex aliquo exteriori.
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526 Quod quidem si sit causa efficiens vel movens, facit necessitatem
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527 coactionis, utpote cum aliquis non potest ire propter violentiam
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528 detinentis ipsum. Si vero illud exterius quod necessitatem inducit,
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529 sit finis, dicetur aliquid necessarium ex suppositione finis,
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530 quando scilicet finis aliquis aut nullo modo potest esse, aut non
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531 potest esse convenienter, nisi tali fine praesupposito. Non fuit
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532 ergo necessarium Christum pati necessitate coactionis, neque ex
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533 parte Dei, qui Christum definivit pati; neque etiam ex parte ipsius
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534 Christi, qui voluntarie passus est. Fuit autem necessarium
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535 necessitate finis. Qui quidem potest tripliciter intelligi. Primo
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diff changeset
536 quidem, ex parte nostra, qui per eius passionem liberati sumus,
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diff changeset
537 secundum illud Ioan. III, <i>oportet exaltari filium hominis, ut
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diff changeset
538 omnis qui credit in eum non pereat, sed habeat vitam aeternam</i>.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
539 Secundo, ex parte ipsius Christi, qui per humilitatem passionis
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diff changeset
540 meruit gloriam exaltationis. Et ad hoc pertinet quod dicitur Luc.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
541 ult., <i>haec oportuit Christum pati, et sic intrare in gloriam
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diff changeset
542 suam</i>. Tertio, ex parte Dei, cuius definitio est circa passionem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
543 Christi praenuntiatam in Scripturis et praefiguratam in observantia
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parents: 26
diff changeset
544 veteris testamenti. Et hoc est quod dicitur Luc. XXII, <i>filius
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parents: 26
diff changeset
545 hominis secundum quod definitum est vadit</i>; et Luc. ult.,
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diff changeset
546 <i>haec sunt verba quae locutus sum ad vos cum adhuc essem
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parents: 26
diff changeset
547 vobiscum, quoniam necesse est impleri omnia quae scripta sunt in
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parents: 26
diff changeset
548 lege Moysi et prophetis et Psalmis de me; et, quoniam scriptum est
53
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diff changeset
549 quoniam oportebat Christum pati et resurgere a mortuis</i>.</p><p title="III q. 46 a. 1 ad 1"><a name="48849"><span class="ref">[48849] IIIª q. 46 a. 1 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28
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diff changeset
550 dicendum quod ratio illa procedit de necessitate coactionis ex
53
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551 parte Dei.</p><p title="III q. 46 a. 1 ad 2"><a name="48850"><span class="ref">[48850] IIIª q. 46 a. 1 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
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diff changeset
552 dicendum quod ratio illa procedit de necessitate coactionis ex
53
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diff changeset
553 parte hominis Christi.</p><p title="III q. 46 a. 1 ad 3"><a name="48851"><span class="ref">[48851] IIIª q. 46 a. 1 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
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diff changeset
554 dicendum quod hominem liberari per passionem Christi, conveniens
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parents: 26
diff changeset
555 fuit et misericordiae et iustitiae eius. Iustitiae quidem, quia per
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parents: 26
diff changeset
556 passionem suam Christus satisfecit pro peccato humani generis, et
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parents: 26
diff changeset
557 ita homo per iustitiam Christi liberatus est. Misericordiae vero,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
558 quia, cum homo per se satisfacere non posset pro peccato totius
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parents: 26
diff changeset
559 humanae naturae, ut supra habitum est, Deus ei satisfactorem dedit
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diff changeset
560 filium suum, secundum illud Rom. III, <i>iustificati gratis per
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parents: 26
diff changeset
561 gratiam ipsius, per redemptionem quae est in Christo Iesu, quem
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parents: 26
diff changeset
562 proposuit Deus propitiatorem per fidem ipsius</i>. Et hoc fuit
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parents: 26
diff changeset
563 abundantioris misericordiae quam si peccata absque satisfactione
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parents: 26
diff changeset
564 dimisisset. Unde dicitur Ephes. II, <i>Deus, qui dives est in
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parents: 26
diff changeset
565 misericordia, propter nimiam caritatem qua dilexit nos, cum essemus
53
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diff changeset
566 mortui peccatis, convivificavit nos in Christo</i>.</p><p title="III q. 46 a. 1 ad 4"><a name="48852"><span class="ref">[48852] IIIª q. 46 a. 1 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
28
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diff changeset
567 dicendum quod peccatum Angeli non fuit remediabile, sicut peccatum
53
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diff changeset
568 hominis, ut ex supra dictis in prima parte patet.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 2</h3><p title="III q. 46 a. 2 arg. 1"><a name="48853"><span class="ref">[48853] IIIª q. 46 a. 2 arg. 1</span></a> Ad secundum
28
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diff changeset
569 sic proceditur. Videtur quod non fuit possibilis alius modus
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diff changeset
570 liberationis humanae naturae quam per passionem Christi. Dixit enim
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parents: 26
diff changeset
571 dominus, Ioan. XII, <i>nisi granum frumenti cadens in terram
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diff changeset
572 mortuum fuerit, ipsum solum manet, si autem mortuum fuerit, multum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
573 fructum affert</i>, ubi dicit Augustinus quod <i>seipsum granum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
574 dicebat</i>. Nisi ergo mortem passus esset, aliter fructum nostrae
53
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diff changeset
575 liberationis non fecisset.</p><p title="III q. 46 a. 2 arg. 2"><a name="48854"><span class="ref">[48854] IIIª q. 46 a. 2 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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diff changeset
576 Matth. XXVI dominus dicit ad patrem, <i>pater mi, si non potest
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parents: 26
diff changeset
577 iste calix transire nisi bibam illum, fiat voluntas tua</i>.
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diff changeset
578 Loquitur autem ibi de calice passionis. Ergo passio Christi
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parents: 26
diff changeset
579 praeterire non poterat. Unde et Hilarius dicit, <i>ideo calix
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diff changeset
580 transire non potest nisi illum bibat, quia reparari nisi ex eius
53
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diff changeset
581 passione non possumus</i>.</p><p title="III q. 46 a. 2 arg. 3"><a name="48855"><span class="ref">[48855] IIIª q. 46 a. 2 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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diff changeset
582 iustitia Dei exigebat ut homo a peccato liberaretur, Christo per
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parents: 26
diff changeset
583 passionem suam satisfaciente. Sed Christus suam iustitiam
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parents: 26
diff changeset
584 praeterire non potest. Dicitur enim II ad Tim. II, <i>si non
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diff changeset
585 credimus, ille fidelis permanet, negare seipsum non potest</i>.
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diff changeset
586 Seipsum autem negaret si iustitiam suam negaret, cum ipse sit
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diff changeset
587 iustitia. Ergo videtur quod non fuerit possibile alio modo hominem
53
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diff changeset
588 liberari quam per passionem Christi.</p><p title="III q. 46 a. 2 arg. 4"><a name="48856"><span class="ref">[48856] IIIª q. 46 a. 2 arg. 4</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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diff changeset
589 fidei non potest subesse falsum. Sed antiqui patres crediderunt
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parents: 26
diff changeset
590 Christum passurum. Ergo videtur quod non potuerit esse quin
53
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diff changeset
591 Christus pateretur.</p><p title="III q. 46 a. 2 s. c."><a name="48857"><span class="ref">[48857] IIIª q. 46 a. 2 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28
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diff changeset
592 quod Augustinus dicit, XIII de Trin., <i>istum modum quo nos per
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parents: 26
diff changeset
593 mediatorem Dei et hominum, hominem Christum Iesum, Deus liberare
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parents: 26
diff changeset
594 dignatur, asserimus bonum et divinae dignitati congruum, verum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
595 etiam ostendamus alium modum possibilem Deo fuisse, cuius potestati
53
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diff changeset
596 cuncta aequaliter subiacent</i>.</p><p title="III q. 46 a. 2 co."><a name="48858"><span class="ref">[48858] IIIª q. 46 a. 2 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
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diff changeset
597 dicendum quod aliquid potest dici possibile vel impossibile
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parents: 26
diff changeset
598 dupliciter, uno modo, simpliciter et absolute; alio modo, ex
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parents: 26
diff changeset
599 suppositione. Simpliciter igitur et absolute loquendo, possibile
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parents: 26
diff changeset
600 fuit Deo alio modo hominem liberare quam per passionem Christi,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
601 <i>quia non est impossibile apud Deum omne verbum</i>, ut dicitur
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parents: 26
diff changeset
602 Luc. I. Sed ex aliqua suppositione facta, fuit impossibile. Quia
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parents: 26
diff changeset
603 enim impossibile est Dei praescientiam falli et eius voluntatem
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parents: 26
diff changeset
604 sive dispositionem cassari, supposita praescientia et
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parents: 26
diff changeset
605 praeordinatione Dei de passione Christi, non erat simul possibile
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parents: 26
diff changeset
606 Christum non pati, et hominem alio modo quam per eius passionem
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diff changeset
607 liberari. Et est eadem ratio de omnibus his quae sunt praescita et
53
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diff changeset
608 praeordinata a Deo, ut in prima parte habitum est.</p><p title="III q. 46 a. 2 ad 1"><a name="48859"><span class="ref">[48859] IIIª q. 46 a. 2 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
609 dicendum quod dominus ibi loquitur supposita praescientia et
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parents: 26
diff changeset
610 praeordinatione Dei, secundum quam erat ordinatum ut fructus
53
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diff changeset
611 humanae salutis non sequeretur nisi Christo patiente.</p><p title="III q. 46 a. 2 ad 2"><a name="48860"><span class="ref">[48860] IIIª q. 46 a. 2 ad 2</span></a> Et similiter
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
612 intelligendum est quod secundo obiicitur, <i>si non potest hic
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parents: 26
diff changeset
613 calix transire nisi bibam illum</i>, scilicet, propter hoc quod et
53
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diff changeset
614 tu ita disposuisti. Unde subdit, <i>fiat voluntas tua</i>.</p><p title="III q. 46 a. 2 ad 3"><a name="48861"><span class="ref">[48861] IIIª q. 46 a. 2 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
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diff changeset
615 dicendum quod haec etiam iustitia dependet ex voluntate divina ab
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parents: 26
diff changeset
616 humano genere satisfactionem pro peccato exigente. Alioquin, si
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parents: 26
diff changeset
617 voluisset absque omni satisfactione hominem a peccato liberare,
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diff changeset
618 contra iustitiam non fecisset. Ille enim iudex non potest, salva
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parents: 26
diff changeset
619 iustitia, culpam sive poenam dimittere, qui habet punire culpam in
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parents: 26
diff changeset
620 alium commissam, puta vel in alium hominem, vel in totam
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parents: 26
diff changeset
621 rempublicam, sive in superiorem principem. Sed Deus non habet
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parents: 26
diff changeset
622 aliquem superiorem, sed ipse est supremum et commune bonum totius
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parents: 26
diff changeset
623 universi. Et ideo, si dimittat peccatum, quod habet rationem culpae
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parents: 26
diff changeset
624 ex eo quod contra ipsum committitur, nulli facit iniuriam, sicut
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parents: 26
diff changeset
625 quicumque homo remittit offensam in se commissam absque
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parents: 26
diff changeset
626 satisfactione, misericorditer, et non iniuste agit. Et ideo David,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
627 misericordiam petens, dicebat, tibi soli peccavi, quasi dicat,
53
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diff changeset
628 potes sine iniustitia mihi dimittere.</p><p title="III q. 46 a. 2 ad 4"><a name="48862"><span class="ref">[48862] IIIª q. 46 a. 2 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
28
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diff changeset
629 dicendum quod fides humana, et etiam Scripturae divinae, quibus
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diff changeset
630 fides instruitur, innituntur praescientiae et ordinationi divinae.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
631 Et ideo eadem ratio est de necessitate quae provenit ex
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parents: 26
diff changeset
632 suppositione eorum, et de necessitate quae provenit ex praescientia
53
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diff changeset
633 et voluntate divina.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 3</h3><p title="III q. 46 a. 3 arg. 1"><a name="48863"><span class="ref">[48863] IIIª q. 46 a. 3 arg. 1</span></a> Ad tertium sic
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
634 proceditur. Videtur quod alius modus convenientior fuisset
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parents: 26
diff changeset
635 liberationis humanae quam per passionem Christi. Natura enim in sua
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parents: 26
diff changeset
636 operatione imitatur opus divinum, utpote a Deo mota et regulata.
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diff changeset
637 Sed natura non facit per duo quod per unum potest facere. Cum ergo
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diff changeset
638 Deus potuerit hominem liberare sola propria voluntate, non videtur
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parents: 26
diff changeset
639 conveniens fuisse quod ad liberationem humani generis Christi
53
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diff changeset
640 passio adderetur.</p><p title="III q. 46 a. 3 arg. 2"><a name="48864"><span class="ref">[48864] IIIª q. 46 a. 3 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea, ea
28
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diff changeset
641 quae fiunt per naturam, convenientius fiunt quam ea quae per
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parents: 26
diff changeset
642 violentiam fiunt, quia violentum est quaedam excisio, seu casus, ab
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parents: 26
diff changeset
643 eo quod est secundum naturam, ut dicitur in libro de caelo. Sed
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parents: 26
diff changeset
644 passio Christi mortem violentam induxit. Ergo convenientius fuisset
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parents: 26
diff changeset
645 quod Christus naturali morte moriendo hominem liberaret, quam quod
53
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diff changeset
646 pateretur.</p><p title="III q. 46 a. 3 arg. 3"><a name="48865"><span class="ref">[48865] IIIª q. 46 a. 3 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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diff changeset
647 convenientissimum videtur quod ille qui violenter et iniuste
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parents: 26
diff changeset
648 detinet, per superioris potentiam spolietur, unde et Isaiae LII
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parents: 26
diff changeset
649 dicitur, <i>gratis venundati estis, et sine argento redimemini</i>.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
650 Sed Diabolus nullum ius in homine habebat, quem per fraudem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
651 deceperat, et per quandam violentiam servituti subiectum detinebat.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
652 Ergo videtur convenientissimum fuisse quod Christus Diabolum per
53
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diff changeset
653 solam potentiam spoliaret, absque sua passione.</p><p title="III q. 46 a. 3 s. c."><a name="48866"><span class="ref">[48866] IIIª q. 46 a. 3 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
654 quod Augustinus dicit, XIII de Trin., <i>sanandae nostrae miseriae
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parents: 26
diff changeset
655 convenientior modus alius non fuit</i> quam per Christi
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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diff changeset
656 passionem.</p><p title="III q. 46 a. 3 co."><a name="48867"><span class="ref">[48867] IIIª q. 46 a. 3 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
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diff changeset
657 dicendum quod tanto aliquis modus convenientior est ad assequendum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
658 finem, quanto per ipsum plura concurrunt quae sunt expedientia
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parents: 26
diff changeset
659 fini. Per hoc autem quod homo per Christi passionem est liberatus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
660 multa occurrerunt ad salutem hominis pertinentia, praeter
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parents: 26
diff changeset
661 liberationem a peccato. Primo enim, per hoc homo cognoscit quantum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
662 Deus hominem diligat, et per hoc provocatur ad eum diligendum, in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
663 quo perfectio humanae salutis consistit. Unde apostolus dicit, Rom.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
664 V, <i>commendat suam caritatem Deus in nobis, quoniam, cum inimici
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parents: 26
diff changeset
665 essemus, Christus pro nobis mortuus est</i>. Secundo, quia per hoc
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parents: 26
diff changeset
666 dedit nobis exemplum obedientiae, humilitatis, constantiae,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
667 iustitiae, et ceterarum virtutum in passione Christi ostensarum,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
668 quae sunt necessariae ad humanam salutem. Unde dicitur I Pet. II,
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diff changeset
669 <i>Christus passus est pro nobis, nobis relinquens exemplum, ut
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parents: 26
diff changeset
670 sequamur vestigia eius</i>. Tertio, quia Christus per passionem
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parents: 26
diff changeset
671 suam non solum hominem a peccato liberavit, sed etiam gratiam
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diff changeset
672 iustificantem et gloriam beatitudinis ei promeruit, ut infra
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diff changeset
673 dicetur. Quarto, quia per hoc est homini indicta maior necessitas
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parents: 26
diff changeset
674 se immunem a peccato conservandi, secundum illud I Cor. VI,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
675 <i>empti estis pretio magno, glorificate et portate Deum in corpore
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parents: 26
diff changeset
676 vestro</i>. Quinto, quia hoc ad maiorem dignitatem cessit, ut,
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diff changeset
677 sicut homo victus fuerat et deceptus a Diabolo, ita etiam homo
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parents: 26
diff changeset
678 esset qui Diabolum vinceret; et sicut homo mortem meruit, ita homo
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parents: 26
diff changeset
679 moriendo mortem superaret; ut dicitur I Cor. XV, <i>Deo gratias,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
680 qui dedit nobis victoriam per Iesum Christum</i>. Et ideo
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parents: 26
diff changeset
681 convenientius fuit quod per passionem Christi liberaremur, quam per
53
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diff changeset
682 solam Dei voluntatem.</p><p title="III q. 46 a. 3 ad 1"><a name="48868"><span class="ref">[48868] IIIª q. 46 a. 3 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28
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diff changeset
683 dicendum quod natura etiam, ut aliquid convenientius faciat, plura
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
684 ad unum assumit, sicut duos oculos ad videndum. Et idem patet in
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diff changeset
685 aliis.</p><p title="III q. 46 a. 3 ad 2"><a name="48869"><span class="ref">[48869] IIIª q. 46 a. 3 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
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diff changeset
686 dicendum quod, sicut Chrysostomus dicit, <i>Christus non sui
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parents: 26
diff changeset
687 mortem, quam non habebat, cum sit vita, sed hominum mortem venerat
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
688 consumpturus. Unde non propria morte corpus deposuit, sed ab
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
689 hominibus illatam sustinuit. Sed et, si aegrotavisset corpus eius
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
690 et in conspectu omnium solveretur, inconveniens erat eum qui
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
691 aliorum languores sanaret, habere proprium corpus affectum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
692 languoribus. Sed et, si absque aliquo morbo seorsum alicubi corpus
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parents: 26
diff changeset
693 deposuisset ac deinde se offerret, non crederetur ei de
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
694 resurrectione disserenti. Quomodo enim pateret Christi in morte
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parents: 26
diff changeset
695 victoria, nisi, coram omnibus eam patiens, per incorruptionem
53
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diff changeset
696 corporis probasset extinctam?</i></p><p title="III q. 46 a. 3 ad 3"><a name="48870"><span class="ref">[48870] IIIª q. 46 a. 3 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
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diff changeset
697 dicendum quod, licet Diabolus iniuste invaserit hominem, tamen homo
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
698 propter peccatum iuste erat sub servitute Diaboli derelictus a Deo.
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diff changeset
699 Et ideo conveniens fuit ut per iustitiam homo a servitute Diaboli
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diff changeset
700 liberaretur, Christo satisfaciente pro ipso per suam passionem.
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diff changeset
701 Fuit etiam hoc conveniens ad vincendam superbiam Diaboli, <i>qui
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diff changeset
702 est desertor iustitiae et amator potentiae, ut Christus Diabolum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
703 vinceret et hominem liberaret, non per solam potentiam divinitatis,
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diff changeset
704 sed etiam per iustitiam et humilitatem passionis</i>, ut Augustinus
53
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diff changeset
705 dicit, XIII de Trinitate.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 4</h3><p title="III q. 46 a. 4 arg. 1"><a name="48871"><span class="ref">[48871] IIIª q. 46 a. 4 arg. 1</span></a> Ad quartum sic
28
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706 proceditur. Videtur quod Christus non debuerit pati in cruce.
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diff changeset
707 Veritas enim debet respondere figurae. Sed in figuram Christi
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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diff changeset
708 praecesserunt omnia sacrificia veteris testamenti, in quibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
709 animalia gladio necabantur, et postmodum igni cremabantur. Ergo
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diff changeset
710 videtur quod Christus non debuerit pati in cruce, sed magis gladio
53
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diff changeset
711 vel igne.</p><p title="III q. 46 a. 4 arg. 2"><a name="48872"><span class="ref">[48872] IIIª q. 46 a. 4 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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diff changeset
712 Damascenus dicit quod Christus non debuit assumere detractibiles
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diff changeset
713 passiones. Sed mors crucis videtur maxime detractibilis et
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diff changeset
714 ignominiosa, unde dicitur Sap. II, <i>morte turpissima condemnemus
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diff changeset
715 eum</i>. Ergo videtur quod Christus non debuit pati mortem
53
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diff changeset
716 crucis.</p><p title="III q. 46 a. 4 arg. 3"><a name="48873"><span class="ref">[48873] IIIª q. 46 a. 4 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea, de
28
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diff changeset
717 Christo dicitur, <i>benedictus qui venit in nomine domini</i>, ut
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diff changeset
718 patet Matth. XXI. Sed mors crucis erat mors maledictionis, secundum
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diff changeset
719 illud Deut. XXI, <i>maledictus a Deo est qui pendet in ligno</i>.
53
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720 Ergo videtur quod non fuit conveniens Christum crucifigi.</p><p title="III q. 46 a. 4 s. c."><a name="48874"><span class="ref">[48874] IIIª q. 46 a. 4 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28
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721 quod dicitur Philipp. II, <i>factus est obediens usque ad mortem,
53
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diff changeset
722 mortem autem crucis</i>.</p><p title="III q. 46 a. 4 co."><a name="48875"><span class="ref">[48875] IIIª q. 46 a. 4 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
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723 dicendum quod convenientissimum fuit Christum pati mortem crucis.
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diff changeset
724 Primo quidem, propter exemplum virtutis. Dicit enim Augustinus, in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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diff changeset
725 libro octogintatrium quaest., <i>sapientia Dei hominem, ad exemplum
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diff changeset
726 quo recte viveremus, suscepit. Pertinet autem ad vitam rectam ea
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diff changeset
727 quae non sunt metuenda, non metuere. Sunt autem homines qui,
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diff changeset
728 quamvis mortem ipsam non timeant, genus tamen mortis horrescunt. Ut
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diff changeset
729 ergo nullum genus mortis recte viventi homini metuendum esset,
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diff changeset
730 illius hominis cruce ostendendum fuit, nihil enim erat, inter omnia
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diff changeset
731 genera mortis, illo genere execrabilius et formidabilius</i>.
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diff changeset
732 Secundo, quia hoc genus mortis maxime conveniens erat satisfactioni
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diff changeset
733 pro peccato primi parentis, quod fuit ex eo quod, contra mandatum
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diff changeset
734 Dei, pomum ligni vetiti sumpsit. Et ideo conveniens fuit quod
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diff changeset
735 Christus, ad satisfaciendum pro peccato illo, seipsum pateretur
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diff changeset
736 ligno affigi, quasi restituens quod Adam sustulerat, secundum illud
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diff changeset
737 Psalmi, <i>quae non rapui, tunc exsolvebam</i>. Unde Augustinus
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diff changeset
738 dicit, in quodam sermone de passione, <i>contemsit Adam praeceptum,
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diff changeset
739 accipiens ex arbore, sed quidquid Adam perdidit, Christus in cruce
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diff changeset
740 invenit</i>. Tertia ratio est quia, ut Chrysostomus dicit, in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
741 sermone de passione, <i>in excelso ligno, et non sub tecto passus
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parents: 26
diff changeset
742 est, ut etiam ipsius aeris natura mundetur. Sed et ipsa terra
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parents: 26
diff changeset
743 simile beneficium sentiebat, decurrentis de latere sanguinis
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diff changeset
744 stillatione mundata</i>. Et super illud Ioan. III, <i>oportet
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diff changeset
745 exaltari filium hominis, exaltari audiens, suspensionem intelligas
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parents: 26
diff changeset
746 in altum, ut sanctificaret aerem qui sanctificaverat terram
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parents: 26
diff changeset
747 ambulando in ea</i>. Quarta ratio est quia, per hoc quod in ea
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parents: 26
diff changeset
748 moritur, ascensum nobis parat in caelum, ut Chrysostomus dicit. Et
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diff changeset
749 inde est quod ipse dicit, Ioan. XII, <i>ego, si exaltatus fuero a
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diff changeset
750 terra, omnia traham ad meipsum</i>. Quinta ratio est quia hoc
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diff changeset
751 competit universali salvationi totius mundi. Unde Gregorius
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diff changeset
752 Nyssenus dicit quod <i>figura crucis, a medio contactu in quatuor
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diff changeset
753 extrema partita, significat virtutem et providentiam eius qui in ea
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diff changeset
754 pependit, ubique diffusam</i>. Chrysostomus etiam dicit quod in
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diff changeset
755 cruce, <i>expansis manibus, moritur, ut altera manu veterem
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diff changeset
756 populum, altera eos qui ex gentibus sunt, trahat</i>. Sexta ratio
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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diff changeset
757 est quia per hoc genus mortis diversae virtutes designantur. Unde
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diff changeset
758 Augustinus dicit, in libro de gratia Vet. et novi Test., <i>non
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diff changeset
759 frustra tale genus mortis elegit, ut latitudinis et altitudinis et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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diff changeset
760 longitudinis et profunditatis</i>, de quibus apostolus loquitur,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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diff changeset
761 <i>magister existeret. Nam latitudo est in eo ligno quod
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diff changeset
762 transversum desuper figitur; hoc ad bona opera pertinet, quia ibi
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parents: 26
diff changeset
763 extenduntur manus. Longitudo in eo quod ab ipso ligno usque ad
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diff changeset
764 terram conspicuum est, ibi enim quodammodo statur, idest,
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diff changeset
765 persistitur et perseveratur; quod longanimitati tribuitur. Altitudo
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diff changeset
766 est in ea ligni parte quae ab illa quae transversa figitur, sursum
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diff changeset
767 versus relinquitur, hoc est, ad caput crucifixi, quia bene
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diff changeset
768 sperantium superna expectatio est. Iam vero illud ex ligno quod
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diff changeset
769 fixum occultatur, unde totum illud exurgit, significat
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diff changeset
770 profunditatem gratuitae gratiae</i>. Et, sicut Augustinus dicit,
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diff changeset
771 super Ioan., <i>lignum in quo fixa erant membra patientis, etiam
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diff changeset
772 cathedra fuit magistri docentis</i>. Septima ratio est quia hoc
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diff changeset
773 genus mortis plurimis figuris respondet. Ut enim Augustinus dicit,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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diff changeset
774 in sermone de passione, de diluvio aquarum humanum genus arca
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diff changeset
775 lignea liberavit; de Aegypto Dei populo recedente, Moyses mare
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diff changeset
776 virga divisit, et Pharaonem prostravit, et populum Dei redemit;
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diff changeset
777 idem Moyses lignum in aquam misit et amaram aquam in dulcedinem
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diff changeset
778 commutavit; ex lignea virga de spirituali petra salutaris unda
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diff changeset
779 profertur; et, ut Amalec vinceretur, contra virgam Moyses expansis
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diff changeset
780 manibus extenditur; et lex Dei arcae testamenti creditur ligneae;
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diff changeset
781 ut his omnibus ad lignum crucis, quasi per quosdam gradus,
53
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diff changeset
782 veniatur.</p><p title="III q. 46 a. 4 ad 1"><a name="48876"><span class="ref">[48876] IIIª q. 46 a. 4 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28
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diff changeset
783 dicendum quod altare holocaustorum, in quo sacrificia animalium
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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diff changeset
784 offerebantur, erat factum de lignis, ut habetur Exod. XXVII, et
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diff changeset
785 quantum ad hoc veritas respondet figurae. <i>Non autem oportet quod
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diff changeset
786 quantum, ad omnia, quia iam non esset similitudo, sed veritas</i>,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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diff changeset
787 ut Damascenus dicit, in III libro. Specialiter tamen, ut
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diff changeset
788 Chrysostomus dicit, <i>non caput ei amputatur, ut Ioanni; neque
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
789 sectus est, ut Isaias, ut corpus integrum et indivisibile morti
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diff changeset
790 servet, et non fiat occasio volentibus Ecclesiam dividere</i>. Loco
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diff changeset
791 autem materialis ignis, fuit in holocausto Christi ignis
53
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diff changeset
792 caritatis.</p><p title="III q. 46 a. 4 ad 2"><a name="48877"><span class="ref">[48877] IIIª q. 46 a. 4 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
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diff changeset
793 dicendum quod Christus detractibiles passiones assumere renuit quae
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diff changeset
794 pertinebant ad defectum scientiae vel gratiae, aut etiam virtutis.
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diff changeset
795 Non autem illas quae pertinent ad iniuriam ab exteriori illatam,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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diff changeset
796 quinimmo, ut dicitur Heb. XII, <i>sustinuit crucem confusione
53
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diff changeset
797 contempta</i>.</p><p title="III q. 46 a. 4 ad 3"><a name="48878"><span class="ref">[48878] IIIª q. 46 a. 4 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
798 dicendum quod, sicut Augustinus dicit, XIV contra Faustum, peccatum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
799 maledictum est et per consequens mors et mortalitas ex peccato
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diff changeset
800 proveniens, <i>caro autem Christi mortalis fuit, similitudinem
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diff changeset
801 habens carnis peccati</i>. Et propter hoc Moyses eam nominat
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parents: 26
diff changeset
802 maledictum, sicut et apostolus nominat eam peccatum, dicens, II
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parents: 26
diff changeset
803 Cor. V, <i>eum qui non noverat peccatum, pro nobis peccatum
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diff changeset
804 fecit</i>, scilicet per poenam peccati. <i>Nec ideo maior invidia
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diff changeset
805 est, quia dixit, maledictus est a Deo. Nisi enim Deus peccatum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
806 odisset, non ad eam suscipiendam atque tollendam filium suum
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diff changeset
807 mitteret. Confitere ergo maledictum suscepisse pro nobis, quem
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parents: 26
diff changeset
808 confiteris mortuum esse pro nobis</i>. Unde et Galat. III dicitur,
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diff changeset
809 <i>Christus nos redemit de maledicto legis, factus pro nobis
53
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diff changeset
810 maledictum</i>.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 5</h3><p title="III q. 46 a. 5 arg. 1"><a name="48879"><span class="ref">[48879] IIIª q. 46 a. 5 arg. 1</span></a> Ad quintum sic
28
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diff changeset
811 proceditur. Videtur quod Christus omnes passiones sustinuerit.
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diff changeset
812 Dicit enim Hilarius, in X de Trin., <i>unigenitus Dei, ad
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diff changeset
813 peragendum mortis suae sacramentum, consummasse in se omne
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parents: 26
diff changeset
814 humanarum genus passionum testatur, cum, inclinato capite, emisit
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diff changeset
815 spiritum</i>. Videtur ergo quod omnes passiones humanas
53
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diff changeset
816 sustinuerit.</p><p title="III q. 46 a. 5 arg. 2"><a name="48880"><span class="ref">[48880] IIIª q. 46 a. 5 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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diff changeset
817 Isaiae LII dicitur, <i>ecce, intelliget servus meus, et
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diff changeset
818 exaltabitur, et elevabitur, et sublimis erit valde. Sicut
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diff changeset
819 obstupuerunt super eum multi, sic inglorius erit inter viros
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diff changeset
820 aspectus eius, et forma eius inter filios hominum</i>. Sed Christus
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diff changeset
821 est exaltatus secundum hoc quod habuit omnem gratiam et omnem
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diff changeset
822 scientiam, pro quo super eo multi admirantes obstupuerunt. Ergo
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diff changeset
823 videtur quod inglorius fuerit sustinendo omnem passionem
53
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diff changeset
824 humanam.</p><p title="III q. 46 a. 5 arg. 3"><a name="48881"><span class="ref">[48881] IIIª q. 46 a. 5 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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diff changeset
825 passio Christi ordinata est ad liberationem hominis a peccato, ut
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diff changeset
826 supra dictum est. Sed Christus venit liberare homines ab omni
53
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diff changeset
827 peccatorum genere. Ergo debuit pati omne genus passionum.</p><p title="III q. 46 a. 5 s. c."><a name="48882"><span class="ref">[48882] IIIª q. 46 a. 5 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28
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diff changeset
828 quod dicitur Ioan. XIX, quod <i>milites primi quidem fregerunt
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diff changeset
829 crura et alterius qui crucifixus est cum eo, ad Iesum autem cum
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diff changeset
830 venissent, non fregerunt eius crura</i>. Non ergo passus est omnem
53
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diff changeset
831 humanam passionem.</p><p title="III q. 46 a. 5 co."><a name="48883"><span class="ref">[48883] IIIª q. 46 a. 5 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
832 dicendum quod passiones humanae possunt considerari dupliciter. Uno
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diff changeset
833 modo, quantum ad speciem. Et sic non oportuit Christum omnem
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diff changeset
834 humanam passionem pati, quia multae passionum species sibi invicem
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diff changeset
835 contrariantur, sicut combustio in igne et submersio in aqua.
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diff changeset
836 Loquimur enim nunc de passionibus ab extrinseco illatis, quia
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diff changeset
837 passiones ab intrinseco causatas, sicut sunt aegritudines
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diff changeset
838 corporales, non decuit eum pati, ut supra dictum est. Sed secundum
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diff changeset
839 genus, passus est omnem passionem humanam. Quod quidem potest
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diff changeset
840 considerari tripliciter. Uno modo, ex parte hominum. Passus est
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diff changeset
841 enim aliquid et a gentilibus, et a Iudaeis; a masculis et feminis,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
842 ut patet de ancillis accusantibus Petrum. Passus est etiam a
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diff changeset
843 principibus, et a ministris eorum, et popularibus, secundum illud
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diff changeset
844 Psalmi, <i>quare fremuerunt gentes, et populi meditati sunt inania?
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diff changeset
845 Astiterunt reges terrae, et principes convenerunt in unum, adversus
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diff changeset
846 dominum et adversus Christum eius</i>. Passus est etiam a
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parents: 26
diff changeset
847 familiaribus et notis, sicut patet de Iuda eum prodente, et Petro
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diff changeset
848 ipsum negante. Alio modo patet idem ex parte eorum in quibus homo
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diff changeset
849 potest pati. Passus est enim Christus in suis amicis eum
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diff changeset
850 deserentibus; in fama per blasphemias contra eum dictas; in honore
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diff changeset
851 et gloria per irrisiones et contumelias ei illatas; in rebus per
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diff changeset
852 hoc quod etiam vestibus spoliatus est; in anima per tristitiam,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
853 taedium et timorem; in corpore per vulnera et flagella. Tertio
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diff changeset
854 potest considerari quantum ad corporis membra. Passus est enim
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diff changeset
855 Christus in capite pungentium spinarum coronam; in manibus et
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diff changeset
856 pedibus fixionem clavorum; in facie alapas et sputa; et in toto
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diff changeset
857 corpore flagella. Fuit etiam passus secundum omnem sensum
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diff changeset
858 corporeum, secundum tactum quidem, flagellatus et clavis confixus;
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diff changeset
859 secundum gustum, felle et aceto potatus; secundum olfactum, in loco
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diff changeset
860 fetido cadaverum mortuorum, qui dicitur Calvariae, appensus
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parents: 26
diff changeset
861 patibulo; secundum auditum, lacessitus vocibus blasphemantium et
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diff changeset
862 irridentium; secundum visum, videns matrem et discipulum quem
53
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863 diligebat flentes.</p><p title="III q. 46 a. 5 ad 1"><a name="48884"><span class="ref">[48884] IIIª q. 46 a. 5 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28
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diff changeset
864 dicendum quod verbum illud Hilarii est intelligendum quantum ad
53
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diff changeset
865 omnia genera passionum, non autem quantum ad omnes species.</p><p title="III q. 46 a. 5 ad 2"><a name="48885"><span class="ref">[48885] IIIª q. 46 a. 5 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
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diff changeset
866 dicendum quod similitudo ibi attenditur, non quantum ad numerum
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diff changeset
867 passionum et gratiarum, sed quantum ad magnitudinem utriusque, quia
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diff changeset
868 sicut sublimatus est in donis gratiarum super alios, ita deiectus
53
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diff changeset
869 est infra alios per ignominiam passionis.</p><p title="III q. 46 a. 5 ad 3"><a name="48886"><span class="ref">[48886] IIIª q. 46 a. 5 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
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diff changeset
870 dicendum quod, secundum sufficientiam, una minima passio Christi
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diff changeset
871 suffecit ad redimendum genus humanum ab omnibus peccatis. Sed
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diff changeset
872 secundum convenientiam, sufficiens fuit quod pateretur omnia genera
53
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diff changeset
873 passionum, sicut iam dictum est.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 6</h3><p title="III q. 46 a. 6 arg. 1"><a name="48887"><span class="ref">[48887] IIIª q. 46 a. 6 arg. 1</span></a> Ad sextum sic
28
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diff changeset
874 proceditur. Videtur quod dolor passionis Christi non fuerit maior
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diff changeset
875 omnibus aliis doloribus. Dolor enim patientis augetur secundum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
876 gravitatem et diuturnitatem passionis. Sed quidam martyres
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parents: 26
diff changeset
877 graviores passiones et diuturniores sustinuerunt quam Christus,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
878 sicut patet de Laurentio, qui est assatus in craticula; et de
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parents: 26
diff changeset
879 Vincentio, cuius carnes sunt ungulis ferreis laceratae. Ergo
53
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diff changeset
880 videtur quod dolor Christi patientis non fuerit maximus.</p><p title="III q. 46 a. 6 arg. 2"><a name="48888"><span class="ref">[48888] IIIª q. 46 a. 6 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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diff changeset
881 virtus mentis est mitigativa doloris, in tantum quod Stoici
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diff changeset
882 posuerunt <i>tristitiam in animo sapientis non cadere</i>. Et
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diff changeset
883 Aristoteles posuit quod virtus moralis medium tenet in passionibus.
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884 Sed in Christo fuit perfectissima virtus mentis. Ergo videtur quod
53
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diff changeset
885 in Christo fuerit minimus dolor.</p><p title="III q. 46 a. 6 arg. 3"><a name="48889"><span class="ref">[48889] IIIª q. 46 a. 6 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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diff changeset
886 quanto aliquod patiens est magis sensibile, tanto maior sequitur
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diff changeset
887 dolor passionis. Sed anima est sensibilior quam corpus, cum corpus
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parents: 26
diff changeset
888 sentiat ex anima. Adam etiam in statu innocentiae videtur corpus
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parents: 26
diff changeset
889 sensibilius habuisse quam Christus, qui assumpsit corpus humanum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
890 cum naturalibus defectibus. Ergo videtur quod dolor animae
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diff changeset
891 patientis in Purgatorio vel in Inferno, vel etiam dolor Adae si
53
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diff changeset
892 passus fuisset, maior fuisset quam dolor passionis Christi.</p><p title="III q. 46 a. 6 arg. 4"><a name="48890"><span class="ref">[48890] IIIª q. 46 a. 6 arg. 4</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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diff changeset
893 maioris boni amissio causat maiorem dolorem. Sed peccator peccando
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parents: 26
diff changeset
894 amittit maius bonum quam Christus patiendo, quia vita gratiae est
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parents: 26
diff changeset
895 melior quam vita naturae. Christus etiam, qui amisit vitam post
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diff changeset
896 triduum resurrecturus, minus aliquid videtur amisisse quam illi qui
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diff changeset
897 amittunt vitam permansuri in morte. Ergo videtur quod dolor Christi
53
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diff changeset
898 non fuerit maximus dolor.</p><p title="III q. 46 a. 6 arg. 5"><a name="48891"><span class="ref">[48891] IIIª q. 46 a. 6 arg. 5</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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diff changeset
899 innocentia patientis diminuit dolorem passionis. Sed Christus
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parents: 26
diff changeset
900 innocenter est passus, secundum illud Ierem. XI, <i>ego autem quasi
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diff changeset
901 agnus mansuetus qui portatur ad victimam</i>. Ergo videtur quod
53
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902 dolor passionis Christi non fuerit maximus.</p><p title="III q. 46 a. 6 arg. 6"><a name="48892"><span class="ref">[48892] IIIª q. 46 a. 6 arg. 6</span></a> Praeterea, in
28
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diff changeset
903 his quae Christi sunt, nihil fuit superfluum. Sed minimus dolor
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parents: 26
diff changeset
904 Christi suffecisset ad finem salutis humanae, habuisset enim
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diff changeset
905 infinitam virtutem ex persona divina. Ergo superfluum fuisset
53
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diff changeset
906 assumere maximum dolorem.</p><p title="III q. 46 a. 6 s. c."><a name="48893"><span class="ref">[48893] IIIª q. 46 a. 6 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28
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diff changeset
907 quod habetur Thren. I ex persona Christi, <i>attendite, et videte
53
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diff changeset
908 si est dolor sicut dolor meus</i>.</p><p title="III q. 46 a. 6 co."><a name="48894"><span class="ref">[48894] IIIª q. 46 a. 6 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
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diff changeset
909 dicendum quod, sicut supra dictum est cum de defectibus assumptis a
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diff changeset
910 Christo ageretur, in Christo patiente fuit verus dolor et
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diff changeset
911 sensibilis, qui causatur ex corporali nocivo; et dolor interior,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
912 qui causatur ex apprehensione alicuius nocivi, qui tristitia
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diff changeset
913 dicitur. Uterque autem dolor in Christo fuit maximus inter dolores
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parents: 26
diff changeset
914 praesentis vitae. Quod quidem contingit propter quatuor. Primo
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diff changeset
915 quidem, propter causas doloris. Nam doloris sensibilis causa fuit
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diff changeset
916 laesio corporalis. Quae acerbitatem habuit, tum propter
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parents: 26
diff changeset
917 generalitatem passionis, de qua dictum est, tum etiam ex genere
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diff changeset
918 passionis. Quia mors confixorum in cruce est acerbissima, quia
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diff changeset
919 configuntur in locis nervosis et maxime sensibilibus, scilicet in
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diff changeset
920 manibus et pedibus; et ipsum pondus corporis pendentis continue
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diff changeset
921 auget dolorem; et cum hoc etiam est doloris diuturnitas, quia non
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diff changeset
922 statim moriuntur, sicut hi qui sunt gladio interfecti. Doloris
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diff changeset
923 autem interioris causa fuit, primo quidem, omnia peccata humani
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diff changeset
924 generis, pro quibus satisfaciebat patiendo, unde ea quasi sibi
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diff changeset
925 adscribit, dicens in Psalmo, <i>verba delictorum meorum</i>.
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diff changeset
926 Secundo, specialiter casus Iudaeorum et aliorum in eius mortem
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diff changeset
927 delinquentium, et praecipue discipulorum, qui scandalum passi
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parents: 26
diff changeset
928 fuerant in Christi passione. Tertio etiam amissio vitae corporalis,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
929 quae naturaliter est horribilis humanae naturae. Secundo potest
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diff changeset
930 magnitudo considerari ex perceptibilitate patientis. Nam et
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diff changeset
931 secundum corpus erat optime complexionatus, cum corpus eius fuerit
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diff changeset
932 formatum miraculose operatione spiritus sancti, sicut et alia quae
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parents: 26
diff changeset
933 per miracula facta sunt, sunt aliis potiora, ut Chrysostomus dicit
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diff changeset
934 de vino in quod Christus aquam convertit in nuptiis. Et ideo in eo
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diff changeset
935 maxime viguit sensus tactus, ex cuius perceptione sequitur dolor.
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diff changeset
936 Anima etiam, secundum vires interiores, efficacissime apprehendit
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diff changeset
937 omnes causas tristitiae. Tertio magnitudo doloris Christi patientis
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diff changeset
938 potest considerari ex doloris puritate. Nam in aliis patientibus
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parents: 26
diff changeset
939 mitigatur tristitia interior, et etiam dolor exterior, ex aliqua
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parents: 26
diff changeset
940 consideratione rationis, per quandam derivationem seu redundantiam
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parents: 26
diff changeset
941 a superioribus viribus ad inferiores. Quod in Christo patiente non
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diff changeset
942 fuit, unicuique enim virium permisit agere quod est sibi proprium,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
943 sicut Damascenus dicit. Quarto potest considerari magnitudo doloris
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diff changeset
944 Christi patientis ex hoc quod passio illa et dolor a Christo
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diff changeset
945 fuerunt assumpta voluntarie, propter finem liberationis hominum a
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diff changeset
946 peccato. Et ideo tantam quantitatem doloris assumpsit quae esset
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diff changeset
947 proportionata magnitudini fructus qui inde sequebatur. Ex his
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parents: 26
diff changeset
948 igitur omnibus causis simul consideratis manifeste apparet quod
53
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diff changeset
949 dolor Christi fuit maximus.</p><p title="III q. 46 a. 6 ad 1"><a name="48895"><span class="ref">[48895] IIIª q. 46 a. 6 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28
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diff changeset
950 dicendum quod ratio illa procedit ex uno tantum praedictorum,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
951 scilicet ex laesione corporali, quae est causa sensibilis doloris.
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diff changeset
952 Sed ex aliis causis multo magis dolor Christi patientis augetur, ut
53
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diff changeset
953 dictum est.</p><p title="III q. 46 a. 6 ad 2"><a name="48896"><span class="ref">[48896] IIIª q. 46 a. 6 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
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diff changeset
954 dicendum quod virtus moralis aliter mitigat tristitiam interiorem,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
955 et aliter exteriorem dolorem sensibilem. Tristitiam enim interiorem
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parents: 26
diff changeset
956 diminuit directe, in ea medium constituendo sicut in propria
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parents: 26
diff changeset
957 materia. Medium autem in passionibus virtus moralis constituit, ut
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diff changeset
958 in secunda parte habitum est, non secundum quantitatem rei, sed
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parents: 26
diff changeset
959 secundum quantitatem proportionis, ut scilicet passio non excedat
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parents: 26
diff changeset
960 regulam rationis. Et quia Stoici reputabant quod nulla tristitia
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parents: 26
diff changeset
961 esset ad aliquid utilis, ideo credebant quod totaliter a ratione
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parents: 26
diff changeset
962 discordaret, et per consequens quod totaliter esset sapienti
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parents: 26
diff changeset
963 vitanda. Sed secundum rei veritatem, tristitia aliqua laudabilis
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diff changeset
964 est, ut Augustinus probat, in XIV de Civ. Dei, quando scilicet
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parents: 26
diff changeset
965 procedit ex sancto amore, ut puta cum aliquis tristatur de peccatis
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parents: 26
diff changeset
966 propriis vel alienis. Assumitur etiam ut utilis ad finem
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967 satisfactionis pro peccato, secundum illud II Cor. VII, <i>quae
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diff changeset
968 secundum Deum est tristitia, poenitentiam in salutem stabilem
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969 operatur</i>. Et ideo Christus, ut satisfaceret pro peccatis omnium
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970 hominum, assumpsit tristitiam maximam quantitate absoluta, non
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parents: 26
diff changeset
971 tamen excedentem regulam rationis. Dolorem autem exteriorem sensus
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parents: 26
diff changeset
972 virtus moralis directe non minuit, quia talis dolor non obedit
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parents: 26
diff changeset
973 rationi, sed sequitur corporis naturam. Diminuit tamen ipsum
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diff changeset
974 indirecte per redundantiam a superioribus viribus in inferiores.
53
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975 Quod in Christo non fuit, ut dictum est.</p><p title="III q. 46 a. 6 ad 3"><a name="48897"><span class="ref">[48897] IIIª q. 46 a. 6 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
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976 dicendum quod dolor animae separatae patientis pertinet ad statum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
977 futurae damnationis, qui excedit omne malum huius vitae, sicut
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parents: 26
diff changeset
978 sanctorum gloria excedit omne bonum praesentis vitae. Unde, cum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
979 diximus Christi dolorem esse maximum, non comparamus ipsum dolori
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parents: 26
diff changeset
980 animae separatae. Corpus autem Adae pati non poterat, nisi peccaret
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parents: 26
diff changeset
981 et sic fieret mortale et passibile. Et minus doleret patiens quam
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parents: 26
diff changeset
982 corpus Christi, propter rationes praedictas. Ex quibus etiam
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parents: 26
diff changeset
983 apparet quod etiam si, per impossibile, ponatur quod Adam in statu
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parents: 26
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984 innocentiae passus fuisset, minor fuisset eius dolor quam
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985 Christi.</p><p title="III q. 46 a. 6 ad 4"><a name="48898"><span class="ref">[48898] IIIª q. 46 a. 6 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
28
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986 dicendum quod Christus non solum doluit pro amissione vitae
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parents: 26
diff changeset
987 corporalis propriae, sed etiam pro peccatis omnium aliorum. Qui
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parents: 26
diff changeset
988 dolor in Christo excessit omnem dolorem cuiuslibet contriti. Tum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
989 quia ex maiori sapientia et caritate processit, ex quibus dolor
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parents: 26
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990 contritionis augetur. Tum etiam quia pro omnium peccatis simul
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parents: 26
diff changeset
991 doluit, secundum illud Isaiae LIII, <i>vere dolores nostros ipse
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parents: 26
diff changeset
992 tulit</i>. Vita autem corporalis Christi fuit tantae dignitatis, et
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parents: 26
diff changeset
993 praecipue propter divinitatem unitam, quod de eius amissione etiam
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994 ad horam, magis esset dolendum quam de amissione alterius hominis
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diff changeset
995 per quantumcumque tempus. Unde et philosophus dicit, in III Ethic.,
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diff changeset
996 quod virtuosus plus diligit vitam suam quanto scit eam esse
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997 meliorem, et tamen eam exponit propter bonum virtutis. Et similiter
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diff changeset
998 Christus vitam suam maxime dilectam exposuit propter bonum
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999 caritatis, secundum illud Ierem. XII, <i>dedi dilectam animam meam
53
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1000 in manibus inimicorum eius</i>.</p><p title="III q. 46 a. 6 ad 5"><a name="48899"><span class="ref">[48899] IIIª q. 46 a. 6 ad 5</span></a> Ad quintum
28
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1001 dicendum quod innocentia patientis minuit dolorem passionis quantum
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diff changeset
1002 ad numerum, quia, dum nocens patitur, dolet non solum de poena, sed
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diff changeset
1003 etiam de culpa; innocens autem solum de poena. Qui tamen dolor in
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diff changeset
1004 eo augetur ex innocentia, inquantum apprehendit nocumentum illatum
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diff changeset
1005 ut magis indebitum. Unde etiam et alii magis sunt reprehensibiles
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diff changeset
1006 si eis non compatiuntur, secundum illud Isaiae LVII, <i>iustus
53
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1007 autem perit, et non est qui recogitet in corde suo</i>.</p><p title="III q. 46 a. 6 ad 6"><a name="48900"><span class="ref">[48900] IIIª q. 46 a. 6 ad 6</span></a> Ad sextum
28
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diff changeset
1008 dicendum quod Christus voluit genus humanum a peccatis liberare,
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diff changeset
1009 non sola potestate, sed etiam iustitia. Et ideo non solum attendit
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diff changeset
1010 quantam virtutem dolor eius haberet ex divinitate unita, sed etiam
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diff changeset
1011 quantum dolor eius sufficeret secundum naturam humanam, ad tantam
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1012 satisfactionem.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 7</h3><p title="III q. 46 a. 7 arg. 1"><a name="48901"><span class="ref">[48901] IIIª q. 46 a. 7 arg. 1</span></a> Ad septimum
28
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1013 sic proceditur. Videtur quod Christus non fuerit passus secundum
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diff changeset
1014 totam animam. Anima enim patitur, patiente corpore, per accidens,
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diff changeset
1015 inquantum est corporis actus. Sed anima non est actus corporis
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diff changeset
1016 secundum quamlibet partem eius, nam intellectus nullius corporis
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diff changeset
1017 actus est, ut dicitur in III de anima. Ergo videtur quod Christus
53
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1018 non fuerit passus secundum totam animam.</p><p title="III q. 46 a. 7 arg. 2"><a name="48902"><span class="ref">[48902] IIIª q. 46 a. 7 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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1019 quaelibet potentia animae patitur a suo obiecto. Sed superioris
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diff changeset
1020 partis rationis obiectum sunt rationes aeternae, quibus
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diff changeset
1021 inspiciendis et consulendis intendit, ut Augustinus dicit, XII de
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diff changeset
1022 Trin. Ex rationibus autem aeternis nullum potuit Christus pati
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1023 nocumentum, cum in nullo ei contrariarentur. Ergo videtur quod non
53
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1024 fuerit passus secundum totam animam.</p><p title="III q. 46 a. 7 arg. 3"><a name="48903"><span class="ref">[48903] IIIª q. 46 a. 7 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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1025 quando passio sensibilis usque ad rationem pertingit, tunc dicitur
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diff changeset
1026 completa passio. Quae in Christo non fuit, ut Hieronymus dicit, sed
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diff changeset
1027 solum propassio. Unde et Dionysius dicit, in epistola ad Ioannem
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1028 Evangelistam, quod <i>passiones sibi illatas patiebatur secundum
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1029 iudicare solum</i>. Non ergo videtur quod Christus secundum totam
53
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1030 animam pateretur.</p><p title="III q. 46 a. 7 arg. 4"><a name="48904"><span class="ref">[48904] IIIª q. 46 a. 7 arg. 4</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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diff changeset
1031 passio dolorem causat. Sed in intellectu speculativo non est dolor,
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diff changeset
1032 quia <i>delectationi quae est ab eo quod est considerare, nulla
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diff changeset
1033 tristitia opponitur</i>, ut philosophus dicit, I Topic. Ergo
53
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1034 videtur quod Christus non pateretur secundum totam animam.</p><p title="III q. 46 a. 7 s. c."><a name="48905"><span class="ref">[48905] IIIª q. 46 a. 7 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28
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1035 quod in Psalmo dicitur, ex persona Christi, <i>repleta est malis
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diff changeset
1036 anima mea</i>, Glossa, <i>non vitiis, sed doloribus, quibus anima
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diff changeset
1037 carni compatitur, vel malis, scilicet pereuntis populi,
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diff changeset
1038 compatiendo</i>. Non autem fuisset anima eius his malis repleta, si
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diff changeset
1039 non secundum totam animam passus esset. Ergo Christus secundum
53
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1040 totam animam passus est.</p><p title="III q. 46 a. 7 co."><a name="48906"><span class="ref">[48906] IIIª q. 46 a. 7 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
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diff changeset
1041 dicendum quod totum dicitur respectu partium. Partes autem animae
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diff changeset
1042 dicuntur potentiae eius. Sic ergo dicitur anima tota pati,
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diff changeset
1043 inquantum patitur secundum suam essentiam, vel inquantum secundum
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diff changeset
1044 omnes suas potentias patitur. Sed considerandum est quod aliqua
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diff changeset
1045 potentia animae potest pati dupliciter. Uno modo, passione propria,
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1046 quae quidem est secundum quod patitur a suo obiecto, sicut si visus
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1047 patiatur ex superabundantia visibilis. Alio modo patitur aliqua
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diff changeset
1048 potentia passione subiecti super quod fundatur, sicut visus patitur
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diff changeset
1049 patiente sensu tactus in oculo, super quem fundatur visus; puta cum
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diff changeset
1050 oculus pungitur, aut etiam distemperatur per calorem. Sic igitur
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diff changeset
1051 dicendum quod, si intelligamus totam animam ratione suae essentiae,
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diff changeset
1052 sic manifestum est totam animam Christi passam esse. Nam tota
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diff changeset
1053 essentia animae coniungitur corpori ita quod <i>tota est in toto,
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diff changeset
1054 et tota in qualibet parte eius</i>. Et ideo, corpore patiente et
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diff changeset
1055 disposito ad separationem ab anima, tota anima patiebatur. Si vero
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1056 intelligamus totam animam secundum omnes potentias eius, sic,
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diff changeset
1057 loquendo de passionibus propriis potentiarum, patiebatur quidem
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diff changeset
1058 secundum omnes vires inferiores, quia in singulis viribus
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1059 inferioribus animae, quae circa temporalia operantur, inveniebatur
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1060 aliquid quod erat causa doloris Christi, sicut ex supra dictis
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1061 patet. Sed secundum hoc superior ratio non patiebatur in Christo ex
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1062 parte sui obiecti, scilicet Dei, qui non erat animae Christi causa
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1063 doloris, sed delectationis et gaudii. Secundum autem illum modum
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diff changeset
1064 passionis quo potentia aliqua dicitur pati ex parte sui subiecti,
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1065 sic omnes potentiae animae Christi patiebantur. Omnes enim
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1066 potentiae animae Christi radicantur in essentia eius, ad quam
53
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1067 perveniebat passio, passo corpore, cuius est actus.</p><p title="III q. 46 a. 7 ad 1"><a name="48907"><span class="ref">[48907] IIIª q. 46 a. 7 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28
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1068 dicendum quod, licet intellectus, secundum quod est potentia
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1069 quaedam, non sit corporis actus; essentia tamen animae est corporis
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1070 actus, in qua radicatur potentia intellectiva, ut in prima parte
53
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1071 habitum est.</p><p title="III q. 46 a. 7 ad 2"><a name="48908"><span class="ref">[48908] IIIª q. 46 a. 7 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
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1072 dicendum quod illa ratio procedit de passione quae est ex parte
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1073 proprii obiecti, secundum quam superior ratio in Christo passa non
53
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1074 fuit.</p><p title="III q. 46 a. 7 ad 3"><a name="48909"><span class="ref">[48909] IIIª q. 46 a. 7 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
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1075 dicendum quod dolor tunc dicitur esse passio perfecta, per quam
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diff changeset
1076 anima perturbatur, quando passio sensitivae partis pertingit usque
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diff changeset
1077 ad immutandam rationem a rectitudine sui actus, ut scilicet
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1078 sequatur passionem, et non habeat liberum arbitrium super eam. Sic
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1079 autem passio sensitivae partis non pervenit in Christo usque ad
53
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1080 rationem, sed ex parte subiecti, ut dictum est.</p><p title="III q. 46 a. 7 ad 4"><a name="48910"><span class="ref">[48910] IIIª q. 46 a. 7 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
28
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1081 dicendum quod intellectus speculativus non potest habere dolorem
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diff changeset
1082 vel tristitiam ex parte sui obiecti, quod est verum absolute
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1083 consideratum, quod est perfectio eius. Potest tamen ad ipsum
53
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1084 pertinere dolor, vel causa doloris, per modum iam dictum.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 8</h3><p title="III q. 46 a. 8 arg. 1"><a name="48911"><span class="ref">[48911] IIIª q. 46 a. 8 arg. 1</span></a> Ad octavum sic
28
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1085 proceditur. Videtur quod anima Christi, in articulo illius
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1086 passionis, non tota frueretur fruitione beata. Impossibile est enim
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diff changeset
1087 simul dolere et gaudere, cum dolor et gaudium sint contraria. Sed
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1088 anima Christi tota patiebatur dolorem in tempore passionis, ut
53
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1089 supra habitum est. Non ergo poterat esse ut tota frueretur.</p><p title="III q. 46 a. 8 arg. 2"><a name="48912"><span class="ref">[48912] IIIª q. 46 a. 8 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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diff changeset
1090 philosophus dicit, in VII Ethic., quod tristitia, si sit vehemens,
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diff changeset
1091 non solum impedit delectationem contrariam, sed quamcumque, et e
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1092 converso. Dolor autem passionis Christi fuit maximus, ut ostensum
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diff changeset
1093 est, et similiter delectatio fruitionis est maxima, ut in primo
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1094 secundae partis habitum est. Non ergo potuit esse quod anima
53
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diff changeset
1095 Christi tota simul pateretur et frueretur.</p><p title="III q. 46 a. 8 arg. 3"><a name="48913"><span class="ref">[48913] IIIª q. 46 a. 8 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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1096 fruitio beata est secundum cognitionem et amorem divinorum, ut
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diff changeset
1097 patet per Augustinum, in I de Doct. Christ. Sed non omnes vires
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1098 animae attingunt ad cognoscendum et amandum Deum. Non ergo tota
53
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1099 anima Christi fruebatur.</p><p title="III q. 46 a. 8 s. c."><a name="48914"><span class="ref">[48914] IIIª q. 46 a. 8 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28
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diff changeset
1100 quod Damascenus dicit, in III libro, quod <i>divinitas Christi
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diff changeset
1101 permisit carni agere et pati quae propria</i>. Ergo, pari ratione,
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1102 cum proprium esset animae Christi, inquantum erat beata, quod
53
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1103 frueretur, passio eius fruitionem non impediebat.</p><p title="III q. 46 a. 8 co."><a name="48915"><span class="ref">[48915] IIIª q. 46 a. 8 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
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1104 dicendum quod, sicut dictum est prius, tota anima potest intelligi
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1105 et secundum essentiam, et secundum omnes eius potentias. Si autem
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1106 intelligatur secundum essentiam, sic tota anima fruebatur,
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1107 inquantum est subiectum superioris partis animae, cuius est frui
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1108 divinitate, ut, sicut passio ratione essentiae attribuitur
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1109 superiori parti animae, ita e converso fruitio ratione superioris
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1110 partis animae attribuatur essentiae. Si vero accipiamus totam
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1111 animam ratione omnium potentiarum eius, sic non tota anima
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1112 fruebatur, nec directe quidem, quia fruitio non potest esse actus
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1113 cuiuslibet partis animae; nec per redundantiam, quia, dum Christus
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1114 erat viator, non fiebat redundantia gloriae a superiori parte in
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1115 inferiorem, nec ab anima in corpus. Sed quia nec e converso
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1116 superior pars animae non impediebatur circa id quod est sibi
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1117 proprium, per inferiorem, consequens est quod superior pars animae
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1118 perfecte fruebatur, Christo patiente.</p><p title="III q. 46 a. 8 ad 1"><a name="48916"><span class="ref">[48916] IIIª q. 46 a. 8 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28
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1119 dicendum quod gaudium fruitionis non contrariatur directe dolori
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1120 passionis, quia non sunt de eodem. Nihil enim prohibet contraria
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1121 eidem inesse non secundum idem. Et sic gaudium fruitionis potest
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1122 pertinere ad superiorem partem rationis per proprium actum, dolor
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1123 autem passionis secundum suum subiectum. Ad essentiam vero animae
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1124 pertinet dolor passionis ex parte corporis, cuius est forma,
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1125 gaudium vero fruitionis ex parte potentiae, cui subiicitur.</p><p title="III q. 46 a. 8 ad 2"><a name="48917"><span class="ref">[48917] IIIª q. 46 a. 8 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
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1126 dicendum quod verbum illud philosophi habet veritatem ratione
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1127 redundantiae quae naturaliter fit ab una potentia animae in aliam.
53
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1128 Sed hoc in Christo non fuit, ut supra dictum est.</p><p title="III q. 46 a. 8 ad 3"><a name="48918"><span class="ref">[48918] IIIª q. 46 a. 8 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
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1129 dicendum quod ratio illa procedit de totalitate animae quantum ad
53
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1130 eius potentias.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 9</h3><p title="III q. 46 a. 9 arg. 1"><a name="48919"><span class="ref">[48919] IIIª q. 46 a. 9 arg. 1</span></a> Ad nonum sic
28
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1131 proceditur. Videtur quod Christus non fuerit convenienti tempore
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1132 passus. Passio enim Christi figurabatur per immolationem agni
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1133 paschalis, unde et apostolus dicit, I Cor. V, <i>Pascha nostrum
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1134 immolatus est Christus</i>. Sed agnus paschalis immolabatur
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1135 quartadecima die ad vesperam, ut dicitur Exod. XII. Ergo videtur
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1136 quod Christus tunc debuerit pati. Quod patet esse falsum, nam tunc
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1137 Pascha cum suis discipulis celebravit, secundum illud Marc. XIV,
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1138 <i>prima die azymorum, quando Pascha immolabant</i>; sequenti autem
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1139 die passus fuit.</p><p title="III q. 46 a. 9 arg. 2"><a name="48920"><span class="ref">[48920] IIIª q. 46 a. 9 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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diff changeset
1140 passio Christi dicitur eius exaltatio, secundum illud Ioan. III,
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diff changeset
1141 <i>oportet exaltari filium hominis</i>. Ipse autem Christus dicitur
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diff changeset
1142 sol iustitiae, ut patet Malach. ultimo. Ergo videtur quod debuit
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1143 pati hora sexta, quando sol est in maxima sua exaltatione. Cuius
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diff changeset
1144 contrarium videtur per id quod dicitur Marc. XV, <i>erat autem hora
53
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diff changeset
1145 tertia, et crucifixerunt eum</i>.</p><p title="III q. 46 a. 9 arg. 3"><a name="48921"><span class="ref">[48921] IIIª q. 46 a. 9 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1146 sicut sol in hora sexta maxime exaltatur quolibet die, ita in
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diff changeset
1147 solstitio aestivali maxime exaltatur quolibet anno. Debuit ergo
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diff changeset
1148 Christus magis pati circa tempus solstitii aestivalis, quam circa
53
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diff changeset
1149 tempus aequinoctii vernalis.</p><p title="III q. 46 a. 9 arg. 4"><a name="48922"><span class="ref">[48922] IIIª q. 46 a. 9 arg. 4</span></a> Praeterea, per
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1150 praesentiam Christi in mundo mundus illuminabatur, secundum illud
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1151 Ioan. IX, <i>quandiu sum in mundo, lux mundi sum</i>. Conveniens
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1152 igitur fuisset humanae saluti ut diutius in hoc mundo vixisset, ita
53
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diff changeset
1153 quod non pateretur in iuvenili aetate, sed magis in senili.</p><p title="III q. 46 a. 9 s. c."><a name="48923"><span class="ref">[48923] IIIª q. 46 a. 9 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28
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diff changeset
1154 quod dicitur Ioan. XIII, <i>sciens Iesus quod venit hora eius ut
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1155 transeat de hoc mundo ad patrem</i>. Et Ioan. II dicit, <i>nondum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1156 venit hora mea</i>. Ubi dicit Augustinus, <i>ubi tantum fecit
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1157 quantum sufficere iudicavit, venit hora eius, non necessitatis, sed
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diff changeset
1158 voluntatis; non conditionis, sed potestatis</i>. Convenienti igitur
53
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diff changeset
1159 tempore passus est.</p><p title="III q. 46 a. 9 co."><a name="48924"><span class="ref">[48924] IIIª q. 46 a. 9 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
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diff changeset
1160 dicendum quod, sicut supra dictum est, passio Christi subiecta erat
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1161 eius voluntati. Voluntas autem eius regebatur divina sapientia,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1162 quae omnia convenienter et suaviter disponit, ut dicitur Sap. VIII.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1163 Et ideo dicendum est quod convenienti tempore passio Christi
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1164 celebrata est. Unde et in libro quaest. Nov. et Vet. Test.,
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diff changeset
1165 dicitur, <i>omnia propriis locis et temporibus gessit
53
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diff changeset
1166 salvator</i>.</p><p title="III q. 46 a. 9 ad 1"><a name="48925"><span class="ref">[48925] IIIª q. 46 a. 9 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28
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diff changeset
1167 dicendum quod quidam dicunt Christum fuisse passum quartadecima
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diff changeset
1168 luna, quando Iudaei Pascha immolabant. Unde et Ioan. XVIII dicitur
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diff changeset
1169 quod Iudaei non introierunt in praetorium Pilati ipso die
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diff changeset
1170 passionis, ut non contaminarentur, sed ut manducarent Pascha. Ubi
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diff changeset
1171 Chrysostomus dicit quod <i>tunc Iudaei faciebant Pascha, ipse vero
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diff changeset
1172 ante unam diem celebravit Pascha, reservans suam occisionem sextae
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diff changeset
1173 feriae, quando vetus Pascha fiebat</i>. Cui videtur consonare quod
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diff changeset
1174 dicitur Ioan. XIII, quod <i>ante diem festum Paschae, Christus,
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diff changeset
1175 facta cena, pedes discipulorum lavit</i>. Sed contra hoc videtur
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1176 esse quod dicitur Matth. XXVI, quod <i>prima die azymorum
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diff changeset
1177 accesserunt discipuli ad Iesum dicentes, ubi vis paremus tibi
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1178 comedere Pascha? Ex quo patet, cum primus dies azymorum dicatur
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1179 quartusdecimus dies mensis primi, quando agnus immolabatur et luna
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diff changeset
1180 plenissima est</i>, ut Hieronymus dicit, quartadecima luna Christum
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diff changeset
1181 cenam fecisse, et quintadecima eum passum fuisse. Et hoc expressius
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diff changeset
1182 manifestatur per id quod dicitur Marc. XIV, <i>primo die azymorum,
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diff changeset
1183 quando Pascha immolabant</i>, etc.; et Luc. XXII, <i>venit dies
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diff changeset
1184 azymorum, in quo necesse erat occidi Pascha</i>. Et ideo quidam
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diff changeset
1185 dicunt quod Christus die convenienti, idest quartadecima luna,
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diff changeset
1186 Pascha cum discipulis suis manducavit, <i>demonstrans quod usque ad
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diff changeset
1187 ultimum diem non erat contrarius legi</i>, ut Chrysostomus dicit,
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diff changeset
1188 super Matth., sed Iudaei, occupati circa procurationem mortis
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diff changeset
1189 Christi, contra legem celebrationem Paschae in crastinum
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diff changeset
1190 distulerunt. Et propter hoc de his dicitur quod in die passionis
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diff changeset
1191 Christi noluerunt intrare praetorium, <i>ut non contaminarentur,
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diff changeset
1192 sed manducarent Pascha</i>. Sed nec illud videtur esse consonum
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diff changeset
1193 verbis Marci dicentis, <i>primo die azymorum, quando Pascha
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diff changeset
1194 immolabant</i>. Simul ergo Christus et Iudaei vetus Pascha
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diff changeset
1195 celebraverunt. Et, sicut Beda dicit, super Marc., <i>licet
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diff changeset
1196 Christus, qui est Pascha nostrum, sit crucifixus sequenti die, hoc
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diff changeset
1197 est quintadecima luna; attamen nocte qua agnus immolabatur,
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diff changeset
1198 corporis sanguinisque sui discipulis tradens mysteria celebranda,
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diff changeset
1199 et a Iudaeis tentus et alligatus, ipsius immolationis, hoc est
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diff changeset
1200 passionis suae, sacravit exordium</i>. Cum autem dicitur, Ioan.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1201 XIII, ante diem festum Paschae, intelligitur hoc fuisse
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diff changeset
1202 quartadecima luna, quod tunc evenit feria quinta, nam, luna
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diff changeset
1203 existente quintadecima, erat dies solemnissimus Paschae apud
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diff changeset
1204 Iudaeos. Et sic eundem diem quem Ioannes nominat ante diem festum
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diff changeset
1205 Paschae, propter distinctionem naturalem dierum, Matthaeus nominat
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diff changeset
1206 primam diem azymorum, quia, secundum ritum Iudaicae festivitatis,
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diff changeset
1207 solemnitas incipiebat a vespera praecedentis diei. Quod autem
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diff changeset
1208 dicitur eos comesturos esse Pascha in quintadecima luna,
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diff changeset
1209 intelligendum est quod ibi Pascha non dicitur agnus paschalis, qui
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diff changeset
1210 immolatus fuerat decimaquarta luna, sed dicitur cibus paschalis,
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diff changeset
1211 idest azymi panes, quos oportebat comedi a mundis. Unde
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diff changeset
1212 Chrysostomus ibi aliam expositionem ponit, quod Pascha potest
53
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diff changeset
1213 accipi pro toto festo Iudaeorum, quod septem diebus agebatur.</p><p title="III q. 46 a. 9 ad 2"><a name="48926"><span class="ref">[48926] IIIª q. 46 a. 9 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
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diff changeset
1214 dicendum quod, sicut Augustinus dicit, in libro de consensu Evang.,
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diff changeset
1215 <i>hora erat quasi sexta, cum traditus esset dominus crucifigendus
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diff changeset
1216 a Pilato, ut Ioannes dicit, non enim erat plena sexta, sed quasi
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diff changeset
1217 sexta, idest, peracta quinta, et aliquid de sexta esse coeperat,
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diff changeset
1218 donec, completa sexta, Christo pendente in cruce, tenebrae fierent.
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diff changeset
1219 Intelligitur autem fuisse hora tertia cum clamaverunt Iudaei ut
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diff changeset
1220 dominus crucifigeretur, et veracissime demonstratur tunc eos
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diff changeset
1221 crucifixisse quando clamaverunt. Ergo, ne quisquam cogitationem
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diff changeset
1222 tanti criminis a Iudaeis aversus in milites converteret, erat,
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diff changeset
1223 inquit, hora tertia, et crucifixerunt eum, ut illi potius eum
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diff changeset
1224 crucifixisse inveniantur qui hora tertia ut crucifigeretur
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diff changeset
1225 clamaverunt. Quanquam non desint qui parasceve, quam Ioannes
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1226 commemorat, dicens, erat autem parasceve hora quasi sexta, horam
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1227 diei tertiam velint intelligi. Parasceve quippe interpretatur
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1228 praeparatio. Verum autem Pascha, quod in passione domini
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diff changeset
1229 celebratur, incoepit praeparari ab hora noctis nona, quando
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diff changeset
1230 scilicet omnes principes sacerdotum dixerunt, reus est mortis. Ab
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diff changeset
1231 illa ergo hora noctis usque ad Christi crucifixionem occurrit hora
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1232 parasceve sexta, secundum Ioannem; et hora diei tertia, secundum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1233 Marcum</i>. Quidam tamen dicunt quod haec diversitas ex peccato
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diff changeset
1234 scriptoris contingit apud Graecos, nam figurae quibus tria et sex
53
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diff changeset
1235 repraesentantur, satis sunt propinquae apud eos.</p><p title="III q. 46 a. 9 ad 3"><a name="48927"><span class="ref">[48927] IIIª q. 46 a. 9 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
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diff changeset
1236 dicendum quod, sicut dicitur in libro de quaest. Nov. et Vet.
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diff changeset
1237 Test., <i>tunc voluit dominus passione sua mundum redimere et
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1238 reformare, quando eum creaverat, idest in aequinoctio. Et tunc dies
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1239 super noctem increscit, quia per passionem salvatoris a tenebris ad
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1240 lucem perducimur</i>. Et quia perfecta illuminatio erit in secundo
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1241 adventu Christi, ideo tempus secundi adventus aestati comparatur,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1242 Matth. XXIV, ubi dicitur, <i>cum ramus eius iam tener fuerit et
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1243 folia nata, scitis quia prope est aestas. Ita et vos, cum videritis
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1244 haec omnia, scitote quia prope est et in ianuis</i>. Et tunc etiam
53
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diff changeset
1245 erit maxima Christi exaltatio.</p><p title="III q. 46 a. 9 ad 4"><a name="48928"><span class="ref">[48928] IIIª q. 46 a. 9 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
28
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diff changeset
1246 dicendum quod Christus in iuvenili aetate pati voluit propter tria.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1247 Primo quidem, ut ex hoc magis suam dilectionem commendaret, quod
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diff changeset
1248 vitam suam pro nobis dedit quando erat in perfectissimo statu.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1249 Secundo, quia non conveniebat ut in eo appareret naturae diminutio,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1250 sicut nec morbus, ut supra dictum est. Tertio ut, in iuvenili
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1251 aetate moriens et resurgens, futuram resurgentium qualitatem in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1252 seipso Christus praemonstraret. Unde dicitur Ephes. IV, <i>donec
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1253 occurramus omnes in unitatem fidei et agnitionis filii Dei, in
53
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diff changeset
1254 virum perfectum, in mensuram aetatis plenitudinis Christi</i>.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 10</h3><p title="III q. 46 a. 10 arg. 1"><a name="48929"><span class="ref">[48929] IIIª q. 46 a. 10 arg. 1</span></a> Ad decimum
28
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diff changeset
1255 sic proceditur. Videtur quod non convenienti loco Christus passus
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1256 fuerit. Christus enim passus est secundum carnem humanam, quae
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1257 quidem concepta fuit ex virgine in Nazareth, et nata in Bethlehem.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1258 Ergo videtur quod non in Ierusalem, sed in Nazareth vel in
53
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diff changeset
1259 Bethlehem pati debuerit.</p><p title="III q. 46 a. 10 arg. 2"><a name="48930"><span class="ref">[48930] IIIª q. 46 a. 10 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1260 veritas debet respondere figurae. Sed passio Christi figurabatur
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1261 per sacrificia veteris legis. Sed huiusmodi sacrificia offerebantur
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1262 in templo. Ergo et Christus in templo pati debuit, et non extra
53
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parents: 28
diff changeset
1263 portam civitatis.</p><p title="III q. 46 a. 10 arg. 3"><a name="48931"><span class="ref">[48931] IIIª q. 46 a. 10 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1264 medicina debet morbo respondere. Sed passio Christi fuit medicina
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1265 contra peccatum Adae. Adam autem non fuit sepultus in Ierusalem,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1266 sed in Hebron, dicitur enim Iosue XIV, <i>nomen Hebron antea
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1267 vocabatur Cariath Arbe, Adam maximus ibi in terra Enacim situs
53
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parents: 28
diff changeset
1268 erat</i>.</p><p title="III q. 46 a. 10 s. c."><a name="48932"><span class="ref">[48932] IIIª q. 46 a. 10 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1269 quod dicitur Luc. XIII, <i>non capit prophetam perire extra
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
1270 Ierusalem</i>. Convenienter igitur in Ierusalem passus est.</p><p title="III q. 46 a. 10 co."><a name="48933"><span class="ref">[48933] IIIª q. 46 a. 10 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1271 dicendum quod, sicut dicitur in libro octoginta trium quaest.,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1272 <i>omnia propriis locis et temporibus gessit salvator</i>, quia,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1273 sicut omnia sunt in manu eius, ita etiam omnia loca. Et ideo, sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1274 convenienti tempore Christus passus est, ita etiam convenienti
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
1275 loco.</p><p title="III q. 46 a. 10 ad 1"><a name="48934"><span class="ref">[48934] IIIª q. 46 a. 10 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1276 dicendum quod Christus convenientissime in Ierusalem passus est.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1277 Primo quidem, quia Ierusalem erat locus a Deo electus ad sacrificia
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1278 sibi offerenda. Quae quidem figuralia sacrificia figurabant Christi
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1279 passionem, quod est verum sacrificium, secundum illud Ephes. V,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1280 <i>tradidit semetipsum hostiam et oblationem in odorem
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1281 suavitatis</i>. Unde Beda dicit, in quadam homilia, quod
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1282 <i>appropinquante hora passionis, dominus appropinquare voluit loco
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1283 passionis</i>, scilicet in Ierusalem, quo pervenit ante quinque
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1284 dies Paschae, sicut agnus paschalis ante quinque dies Paschae,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1285 idest decima luna, secundum praeceptum legis, ad locum immolationis
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1286 ducebatur. Secundo, quia virtus passionis eius ad totum mundum
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diff changeset
1287 diffundenda erat, in medio terrae habitabilis pati voluit, idest in
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1288 Ierusalem. Unde dicitur in Psalmo, <i>Deus autem, rex noster ante
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1289 saecula, operatus est salutem in medio terrae</i>, idest in
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1290 Ierusalem, quae dicitur esse terrae umbilicus. Tertio, quia hoc
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diff changeset
1291 maxime conveniebat humilitati eius, ut scilicet, sicut turpissimum
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diff changeset
1292 genus mortis elegit, ita etiam ad eius humilitatem pertinuit quod
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diff changeset
1293 in loco tam celebri confusionem pati non recusavit. Unde Leo Papa
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diff changeset
1294 dicit, in sermone quodam Epiphaniae, <i>qui servi susceperat
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diff changeset
1295 formam, Bethlehem praeelegit nativitati, Ierusalem passioni</i>.
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diff changeset
1296 Quarto, ut ostenderet a principibus populi exortam esse iniquitatem
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diff changeset
1297 occidentium ipsum. Et ideo in Ierusalem, ubi principes morabantur,
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diff changeset
1298 voluit pati. Unde dicitur Act. IV, <i>convenerunt in ista civitate
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diff changeset
1299 adversus puerum sanctum tuum Iesum, quem unxisti, Herodes et
53
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diff changeset
1300 Pontius Pilatus, cum gentibus et populis Israel</i>.</p><p title="III q. 46 a. 10 ad 2"><a name="48935"><span class="ref">[48935] IIIª q. 46 a. 10 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
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diff changeset
1301 dicendum quod Christus non in templo aut in civitate, sed extra
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diff changeset
1302 portam passus est, propter tria. Primo quidem, ut veritas
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diff changeset
1303 responderet figurae. Nam vitulus et hircus, qui solemnissimo
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diff changeset
1304 sacrificio ad expiationem totius multitudinis offerebantur, extra
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diff changeset
1305 castra comburebantur, ut praecipitur Levit. XVI. Unde dicitur Heb.
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diff changeset
1306 XIII, <i>quorum animalium infertur sanguis pro peccato in sancta
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diff changeset
1307 per pontificem, horum corpora cremantur extra castra. Propter quod
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diff changeset
1308 et Iesus, ut sanctificaret suum populum, extra portam passus
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diff changeset
1309 est</i>. Secundo, ut per hoc daret exemplum nobis exeundi a mundana
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1310 conversatione. Unde ibidem subditur, <i>exeamus igitur ad eum extra
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1311 castra, improperium eius portantes</i>. Tertio, ut Chrysostomus
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diff changeset
1312 dicit, in sermone de passione, <i>noluit dominus pati sub tecto,
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diff changeset
1313 non in templo Iudaico, ne Iudaei subtraherent sacrificium salutare,
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diff changeset
1314 ne putares pro illa tantum plebe oblatum. Et ideo foras civitatem,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1315 foras muros, ut scias sacrificium esse commune quod totius terrae
53
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diff changeset
1316 est oblatio, quod communis est purificatio</i>.</p><p title="III q. 46 a. 10 ad 3"><a name="48936"><span class="ref">[48936] IIIª q. 46 a. 10 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
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diff changeset
1317 dicendum quod, sicut Hieronymus dicit, super Matth., <i>quidam
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diff changeset
1318 exposuit Calvariae locum, in quo sepultus est Adam, et ideo sic
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1319 appellatum quia ibi antiqui hominis sit conditum caput. Favorabilis
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1320 interpretatio, et mulcens aures populi, nec tamen vera. Extra urbem
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1321 enim et foris portam, loca sunt in quibus truncantur capita
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diff changeset
1322 damnatorum; et Calvariae, idest decollatorum, sumpsere nomen.
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diff changeset
1323 Propterea autem ibi crucifixus est Iesus, ut ubi prius erat area
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diff changeset
1324 damnatorum, ibi erigerentur vexilla martyrii. Adam vero sepultum
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diff changeset
1325 iuxta Hebron, in libro Iesu filii Nave legimus</i>. Magis autem
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diff changeset
1326 Christus crucifigendus erat in loco communi damnatorum quam iuxta
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diff changeset
1327 sepulcrum Adae, ut ostenderetur quod crux Christi non solum erat in
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diff changeset
1328 remedium contra peccatum personale Adae, sed etiam contra peccatum
53
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diff changeset
1329 totius mundi.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 11</h3><p title="III q. 46 a. 11 arg. 1"><a name="48937"><span class="ref">[48937] IIIª q. 46 a. 11 arg. 1</span></a> Ad undecimum
28
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diff changeset
1330 sic proceditur. Videtur quod non fuerit conveniens Christum cum
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diff changeset
1331 latronibus crucifigi. Dicitur enim II Cor. VI, <i>quae participatio
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diff changeset
1332 iustitiae cum iniquitate? Sed Christus factus est nobis iustitia a
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diff changeset
1333 Deo</i>; iniquitas autem pertinet ad latrones. Non ergo fuit
53
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diff changeset
1334 conveniens ut Christus simul cum latronibus crucifigeretur.</p><p title="III q. 46 a. 11 arg. 2"><a name="48938"><span class="ref">[48938] IIIª q. 46 a. 11 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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diff changeset
1335 super illud Matth. XXVI, <i>si oportuerit me mori tecum, non te
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diff changeset
1336 negabo</i>, dicit Origenes, <i>mori cum Iesu pro omnibus moriente,
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diff changeset
1337 hominum non erat</i>. Et Ambrosius dicit, super illud Luc. XXII,
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diff changeset
1338 <i>paratus sum tecum et in carcerem et in mortem ire, passio,
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diff changeset
1339 inquit, domini aemulos habet, pares non habet</i>. Multo igitur
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diff changeset
1340 minus conveniens videtur quod Christus simul cum latronibus
53
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diff changeset
1341 pateretur.</p><p title="III q. 46 a. 11 arg. 3"><a name="48939"><span class="ref">[48939] IIIª q. 46 a. 11 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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diff changeset
1342 Matth. XXVII dicitur quod <i>latrones qui crucifixi erant,
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diff changeset
1343 improperabant ei</i>. Sed Luc. XXIII dicitur quod unus eorum qui
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diff changeset
1344 crucifixi erant cum Christo, ei dicebat, <i>memento mei, domine,
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diff changeset
1345 cum veneris in regnum tuum</i>. Ergo videtur quod, praeter latrones
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diff changeset
1346 blasphemantes, fuerit cum eo crucifixus alius non blasphemans. Et
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diff changeset
1347 sic videtur inconvenienter ab Evangelistis narratum quod Christus
53
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diff changeset
1348 fuerit cum latronibus crucifixus.</p><p title="III q. 46 a. 11 s. c."><a name="48940"><span class="ref">[48940] IIIª q. 46 a. 11 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28
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diff changeset
1349 quod Isaiae LIII fuerat prophetatum, <i>et cum sceleratis reputatus
53
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diff changeset
1350 est</i>.</p><p title="III q. 46 a. 11 co."><a name="48941"><span class="ref">[48941] IIIª q. 46 a. 11 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
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diff changeset
1351 dicendum quod Christus inter latrones crucifixus est, alia quidem
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diff changeset
1352 ratione quantum ad intentionem Iudaeorum, alia vero quantum ad Dei
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1353 ordinationem. Quantum enim ad intentionem Iudaeorum, duos latrones
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diff changeset
1354 utrinque crucifixerunt, sicut dicit Chrysostomus, <i>ut eorum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1355 suspicionis fieret particeps. Sed non ita evenit. Nam de illis nil
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1356 dicitur, huius autem ubique crux honoratur. Reges, diademata
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1357 deponentes, assumunt crucem, in purpuris, in diadematibus, in
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1358 armis, in mensa sacrata, ubique terrarum crux emicat</i>. Quantum
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diff changeset
1359 vero ad Dei ordinationem, Christus cum latronibus crucifixus est,
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diff changeset
1360 quia, ut Hieronymus dicit, super Matth., <i>sicut pro nobis
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diff changeset
1361 maledictum crucis factus est Christus, sic, pro omnium salute,
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diff changeset
1362 inter noxios quasi noxius crucifigitur</i>. Secundo, ut dicit Leo
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diff changeset
1363 Papa, in sermone de passione, <i>duo latrones unus ad dexteram
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1364 alius ad sinistram crucifiguntur, ut in ipsa patibuli specie
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diff changeset
1365 demonstraretur illa quae in iudicio ipsius omnium hominum facienda
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diff changeset
1366 est discretio</i>. Et Augustinus dicit, super Ioan., <i>ipsa crux,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1367 si attendas, tribunal fuit. In medio enim iudice constituto, unus,
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diff changeset
1368 qui credidit, liberatus; alius, qui insultavit, damnatus est. Iam
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diff changeset
1369 significabat quid facturus est de vivis et mortuis, alios positurus
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diff changeset
1370 ad dextram et alios ad sinistram</i>. Tertio, secundum Hilarium,
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diff changeset
1371 <i>duo latrones laevae ac dextrae affiguntur, omnem humani generis
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1372 diversitatem vocari ad sacramentum passionis domini ostendentes.
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diff changeset
1373 Sed quia per diversitatem fidelium atque infidelium fit omnium
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diff changeset
1374 secundum dextram et sinistram divisio, unus ex duobus, ad dextram
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diff changeset
1375 situs, fidei iustificatione salvatur</i>. Quarto quia, ut Beda
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diff changeset
1376 dicit, super Marc., <i>latrones qui cum domino crucifixi sunt,
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diff changeset
1377 significant eos qui, sub fide et confessione Christi, vel agonem
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diff changeset
1378 martyrii vel quaelibet arctioris disciplinae instituta subeunt. Sed
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diff changeset
1379 qui hoc pro aeterna gloria gerunt, dextri latronis fide
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diff changeset
1380 designantur, qui vero humanae laudis intuitu, sinistri latronis
53
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diff changeset
1381 mentem imitantur et actus</i>.</p><p title="III q. 46 a. 11 ad 1"><a name="48942"><span class="ref">[48942] IIIª q. 46 a. 11 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28
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diff changeset
1382 dicendum quod, sicut Christus debitum mortis non habuit, sed mortem
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diff changeset
1383 voluntarie subiit ut sua virtute vinceret mortem, ita etiam non
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diff changeset
1384 habuit meritum ut cum latronibus poneretur, sed voluit cum iniquis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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diff changeset
1385 deputari ut sua virtute iniquitatem destrueret. Unde Chrysostomus
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diff changeset
1386 dicit, super Ioan., quod <i>latronem in cruce convertere et in
53
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diff changeset
1387 Paradisum inducere, non minus fuit quam concutere petras</i>.</p><p title="III q. 46 a. 11 ad 2"><a name="48943"><span class="ref">[48943] IIIª q. 46 a. 11 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
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diff changeset
1388 dicendum quod non conveniebat quod cum Christo aliquis alius
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diff changeset
1389 pateretur ex eadem causa. Unde Origenes ibidem subdit, <i>omnes
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diff changeset
1390 fuerant in peccatis, et omnes opus habebant ut pro eis alius
53
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diff changeset
1391 moreretur, non ipsi pro aliis</i>.</p><p title="III q. 46 a. 11 ad 3"><a name="48944"><span class="ref">[48944] IIIª q. 46 a. 11 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
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diff changeset
1392 dicendum quod, sicut Augustinus dicit, in libro de consensu Evang.,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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diff changeset
1393 possumus intelligere Matthaeum posuisse pluralem numerum pro
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1394 singulari, cum dixit, latrones improperabant ei. Vel potest dici,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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diff changeset
1395 secundum Hieronymum, quod <i>primum uterque blasphemaverit; deinde,
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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diff changeset
1396 visis signis, unus eorum crediderit</i>.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 12</h3><p title="III q. 46 a. 12 arg. 1"><a name="48945"><span class="ref">[48945] IIIª q. 46 a. 12 arg. 1</span></a> Ad duodecimum
28
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diff changeset
1397 sic proceditur. Videtur quod passio Christi sit eius divinitati
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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diff changeset
1398 attribuenda. Dicitur enim I Cor. II, <i>si cognovissent, nunquam
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diff changeset
1399 dominum gloriae crucifixissent</i>. Sed dominus gloriae est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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diff changeset
1400 Christus secundum divinitatem. Ergo passio Christi competit ei
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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diff changeset
1401 secundum divinitatem.</p><p title="III q. 46 a. 12 arg. 2"><a name="48946"><span class="ref">[48946] IIIª q. 46 a. 12 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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diff changeset
1402 principium salutis humanae est ipsa divinitas, secundum illud
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diff changeset
1403 Psalmi, <i>salus autem iustorum a domino</i>. Si ergo passio
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diff changeset
1404 Christi ad eius divinitatem non pertineret, videtur quod non posset
53
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diff changeset
1405 esse nobis fructifera.</p><p title="III q. 46 a. 12 arg. 3"><a name="48947"><span class="ref">[48947] IIIª q. 46 a. 12 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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diff changeset
1406 Iudaei puniti sunt pro peccato occisionis Christi tanquam homicidae
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diff changeset
1407 ipsius Dei, quod magnitudo poenae demonstrat. Hoc autem non esset,
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diff changeset
1408 si passio ad divinitatem non pertineret. Ergo passio Christi ad
53
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diff changeset
1409 divinitatem pertinuit.</p><p title="III q. 46 a. 12 s. c."><a name="48948"><span class="ref">[48948] IIIª q. 46 a. 12 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28
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diff changeset
1410 quod Athanasius dicit, in epistola ad Epictetum, <i>natura Deus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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diff changeset
1411 manens verbum est impassibile</i>. Sed impassibile non potest pati.
53
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diff changeset
1412 Passio ergo Christi non pertinebat ad eius divinitatem.</p><p title="III q. 46 a. 12 co."><a name="48949"><span class="ref">[48949] IIIª q. 46 a. 12 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
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diff changeset
1413 dicendum quod, sicut supra dictum est, unio humanae naturae et
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diff changeset
1414 divinae facta est in persona et hypostasi et supposito, manente
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1415 tamen distinctione naturarum, ut scilicet sit eadem persona et
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diff changeset
1416 hypostasis divinae et humanae naturae, salva tamen utriusque
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diff changeset
1417 naturae proprietate. Et ideo, sicut supra dictum est, supposito
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1418 divinae naturae attribuenda est passio, non ratione divinae
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diff changeset
1419 naturae, quae est impassibilis, sed ratione humanae naturae. Unde
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diff changeset
1420 in epistola synodali Cyrilli dicitur, <i>si quis non confitetur Dei
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diff changeset
1421 verbum passum carne et crucifixum carne, anathema sit</i>. Pertinet
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diff changeset
1422 ergo passio Christi ad suppositum divinae naturae ratione naturae
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diff changeset
1423 passibilis assumptae, non autem ratione divinae naturae
53
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diff changeset
1424 impassibilis.</p><p title="III q. 46 a. 12 ad 1"><a name="48950"><span class="ref">[48950] IIIª q. 46 a. 12 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28
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diff changeset
1425 dicendum quod dominus gloriae dicitur crucifixus, non secundum quod
53
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diff changeset
1426 dominus est gloriae, sed secundum quod erat homo passibilis.</p><p title="III q. 46 a. 12 ad 2"><a name="48951"><span class="ref">[48951] IIIª q. 46 a. 12 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
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diff changeset
1427 dicendum quod, sicut dicitur in quodam sermone Ephesini Concilii,
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diff changeset
1428 quod mors Christi, tanquam facta mors Dei, scilicet per unionem in
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diff changeset
1429 persona, destruxit mortem, quoniam Deus et homo erat qui
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diff changeset
1430 patiebatur. Non enim natura Dei laesa est, nec mutatione sua
53
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diff changeset
1431 suscepit passiones.</p><p title="III q. 46 a. 12 ad 3"><a name="48952"><span class="ref">[48952] IIIª q. 46 a. 12 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
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diff changeset
1432 dicendum quod, sicut subditur ibidem, <i>non purum hominem
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diff changeset
1433 crucifixerunt Iudaei, sed Deo intulerunt praesumptiones. Pone enim
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diff changeset
1434 principem loqui per verbum, et hoc formari per litteras in charta
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1435 aliqua, et dirigi civitatibus, et aliquis inobediens chartam
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diff changeset
1436 disrumpat. Ad mortis sententiam deducetur, non tanquam chartam
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1437 discerpens, sed tanquam verbum imperiale disrumpens. Non ergo
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1438 securus sit Iudaeus, tanquam purum hominem crucifigens. Quod enim
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1439 videbat, quasi charta erat, quod autem in ea celabatur, imperiale
53
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diff changeset
1440 verbum erat, natum ex natura, non prolatum per linguam</i>.</p></div></div><div class="q" id="q47"><h2>Quaestio 47</h2><div class="p"><h3>Prooemium</h3><p title="III q. 47 pr."><a name="48953"><span class="ref">[48953]
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diff changeset
1441 IIIª q. 47 pr.</span></a> Deinde considerandum est de causa
28
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diff changeset
1442 efficiente passionis Christi. Et circa hoc quaeruntur sex. Primo,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1443 utrum Christus fuerit ab aliis occisus, vel a seipso. Secundo, ex
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diff changeset
1444 quo motivo seipsum passioni tradiderit. Tertio, utrum pater
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1445 tradiderit eum ad patiendum. Quarto, utrum fuerit conveniens ut per
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1446 manus gentium pateretur, vel potius a Iudaeis. Quinto, utrum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1447 occisores eius eum cognoverint. Sexto, de peccato eorum qui
53
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diff changeset
1448 Christum occiderunt.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 1</h3><p title="III q. 47 a. 1 arg. 1"><a name="48954"><span class="ref">[48954] IIIª q. 47 a. 1 arg. 1</span></a> Ad primum sic
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1449 proceditur. Videtur quod Christus non fuerit ab alio occisus, sed a
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1450 seipso. Dicit enim ipse, Ioan. X, <i>nemo a me tollit animam meam,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1451 sed ego pono eam</i>. Ille autem dicitur aliquem occidere qui
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1452 animam eius tollit. Non est ergo Christus ab aliis occisus, sed a
53
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diff changeset
1453 seipso.</p><p title="III q. 47 a. 1 arg. 2"><a name="48955"><span class="ref">[48955] IIIª q. 47 a. 1 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1454 illi qui ab aliis occiduntur, paulatim, debilitata natura,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1455 deficiunt. Et maxime hoc apparet in crucifixis, ut enim dicit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1456 Augustinus, in IV de Trin., <i>longa morte cruciabantur ligno
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1457 suspensi</i>. In Christo autem non hoc accidit, nam <i>clamans voce
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1458 magna emisit spiritum</i>, ut dicitur Matth. XXVII. Non ergo
53
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diff changeset
1459 Christus est ab aliis occisus, sed a seipso.</p><p title="III q. 47 a. 1 arg. 3"><a name="48956"><span class="ref">[48956] IIIª q. 47 a. 1 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1460 illi qui ab aliis occiduntur, per violentiam moriuntur, et ita non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1461 voluntarie, quia violentum opponitur voluntario. Sed Augustinus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1462 dicit, in IV de Trin., quod <i>spiritus Christi non deseruit carnem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1463 invitus, sed quia voluit, quando voluit, et quomodo voluit</i>. Non
53
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diff changeset
1464 ergo Christus est ab aliis occisus, sed a seipso.</p><p title="III q. 47 a. 1 s. c."><a name="48957"><span class="ref">[48957] IIIª q. 47 a. 1 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1465 quod dicitur Luc. XVIII, <i>postquam flagellaverint, occident
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
1466 eum</i>.</p><p title="III q. 47 a. 1 co."><a name="48958"><span class="ref">[48958] IIIª q. 47 a. 1 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1467 dicendum quod aliquid potest esse causa alicuius effectus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1468 dupliciter. Uno modo, directe ad illud agendo. Et hoc modo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1469 persecutores Christi eum occiderunt, quia sufficientem causam
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1470 mortis ei intulerunt, cum intentione occidendi ipsum et effectu
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1471 subsequente; quia scilicet ex illa causa est mors subsecuta. Alio
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1472 modo dicitur aliquis causa alicuius indirecte, scilicet quia non
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1473 impedit, cum impedire possit, sicut si dicatur aliquis alium
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1474 perfundere quia non claudit fenestram, per quam imber ingreditur.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1475 Et hoc modo ipse Christus fuit causa passionis et mortis. Poterat
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1476 enim suam passionem et mortem impedire. Primo quidem, adversarios
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1477 reprimendo, ut eum aut non vellent, aut non possent interficere.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1478 Secundo, quia spiritus eius habebat potestatem conservandi naturam
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1479 carnis suae, ne a quocumque laesivo inflicto opprimeretur. Quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1480 quidem habuit anima Christi quia erat verbo Dei coniuncta in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1481 unitate personae, ut Augustinus dicit, in IV de Trin. Quia ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1482 anima Christi non repulit a proprio corpore nocumentum illatum, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1483 voluit quod natura corporalis illi nocumento succumberet, dicitur
53
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diff changeset
1484 suam animam posuisse, vel voluntarie mortuus esse.</p><p title="III q. 47 a. 1 ad 1"><a name="48959"><span class="ref">[48959] IIIª q. 47 a. 1 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1485 dicendum quod, cum dicitur, nemo tollit animam meam a me,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1486 intelligitur, me invito. Quod enim aliquis ab invito aufert, qui
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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diff changeset
1487 resistere non potest, id proprie dicitur tolli.</p><p title="III q. 47 a. 1 ad 2"><a name="48960"><span class="ref">[48960] IIIª q. 47 a. 1 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1488 dicendum quod, ut Christus ostenderet quod passio illata per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1489 violentiam eius animam non eripiebat, naturam corporalem in eius
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1490 fortitudine conservavit, ut etiam in extremis positus voce magna
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1491 clamaret. Quod inter alia miracula mortis eius computatur. Unde
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1492 dicitur Marci XV, <i>videns autem centurio qui ex adverso stabat,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1493 quia sic clamans exspirasset, ait, vere homo hic filius Dei
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1494 erat</i>. Fuit etiam et mirabile in Christi morte quod velocius
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1495 mortuus fuit aliis qui simili poena afficiebantur. Unde dicitur
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1496 Ioan. XIX, quod eorum qui cum Christo erant fregerunt crura, ut
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1497 cito morerentur, <i>ad Iesum autem cum venissent, invenerunt eum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1498 mortuum, unde non fregerunt eius crura</i>. Et Marci XV dicitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1499 quod <i>Pilatus mirabatur si iam obiisset</i>. Sicut enim eius
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1500 voluntate natura corporalis conservata est in suo vigore usque ad
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1501 extremum, sic etiam, quando voluit, subito cessit nocumento
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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diff changeset
1502 illato.</p><p title="III q. 47 a. 1 ad 3"><a name="48961"><span class="ref">[48961] IIIª q. 47 a. 1 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1503 dicendum quod Christus simul et violentiam passus est, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1504 moreretur, et tamen voluntarie mortuus fuit, quia violentia corpori
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1505 eius illata est, quae tamen tantum corpori eius praevaluit quantum
53
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diff changeset
1506 ipse voluit.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 2</h3><p title="III q. 47 a. 2 arg. 1"><a name="48962"><span class="ref">[48962] IIIª q. 47 a. 2 arg. 1</span></a> Ad secundum
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1507 sic proceditur. Videtur quod Christus non fuerit ex obedientia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1508 mortuus. Obedientia enim respicit praeceptum. Sed non legitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1509 Christo fuisse praeceptum quod ipse pateretur. Non ergo ex
53
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diff changeset
1510 obedientia passus fuit.</p><p title="III q. 47 a. 2 arg. 2"><a name="48963"><span class="ref">[48963] IIIª q. 47 a. 2 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1511 illud dicitur ex obedientia aliquis facere quod facit ex
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diff changeset
1512 necessitate praecepti. Christus autem non ex necessitate, sed
53
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diff changeset
1513 voluntarie passus fuit. Non ergo passus est ex obedientia.</p><p title="III q. 47 a. 2 arg. 3"><a name="48964"><span class="ref">[48964] IIIª q. 47 a. 2 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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diff changeset
1514 caritas est excellentior virtus quam obedientia. Sed Christus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1515 legitur ex caritate passus, secundum illud Ephes. V, <i>ambulate in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1516 dilectione, sicut et Christus dilexit nos, et tradidit semetipsum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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diff changeset
1517 pro nobis</i>. Ergo passio Christi magis debet attribui caritati
53
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diff changeset
1518 quam obedientiae.</p><p title="III q. 47 a. 2 s. c."><a name="48965"><span class="ref">[48965] IIIª q. 47 a. 2 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28
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diff changeset
1519 quod dicitur Philipp. II, <i>factus est obediens patri usque ad
53
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diff changeset
1520 mortem</i>.</p><p title="III q. 47 a. 2 co."><a name="48966"><span class="ref">[48966] IIIª q. 47 a. 2 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1521 dicendum quod convenientissimum fuit quod Christus ex obedientia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1522 pateretur. Primo quidem, quia hoc conveniebat iustificationi
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1523 humanae, ut, <i>sicut per unius hominis inobedientiam peccatores
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1524 constituti sunt multi, ita per unius hominis obedientiam iusti
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1525 constituantur multi</i>, ut dicitur Rom. V. Secundo, hoc fuit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1526 conveniens reconciliationi Dei ad homines, secundum illud Rom. V,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1527 <i>reconciliati sumus Deo per mortem filii eius</i>, inquantum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1528 scilicet ipsa mors Christi fuit quoddam sacrificium acceptissimum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1529 Deo, secundum illud Ephes., <i>tradidit semetipsum pro nobis
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1530 oblationem et hostiam Deo in odorem suavitatis</i>. Obedientia vero
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1531 omnibus sacrificiis antefertur, secundum illud I Reg. XV, <i>melior
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1532 est obedientia quam victimae</i>. Et ideo conveniens fuit ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1533 sacrificium passionis et mortis Christi ex obedientia procederet.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1534 Tertio, hoc conveniens fuit eius victoriae, qua de morte et auctore
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1535 mortis triumphavit. Non enim miles vincere potest nisi duci
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1536 obediat. Et ita homo Christus victoriam obtinuit per hoc quod Deo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1537 fuit obediens, secundum illud Proverb. XXI, <i>vir obediens
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
1538 loquitur victorias</i>.</p><p title="III q. 47 a. 2 ad 1"><a name="48967"><span class="ref">[48967] IIIª q. 47 a. 2 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1539 dicendum quod Christus mandatum accepit a patre ut pateretur,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1540 dicitur enim Ioan. X, <i>potestatem habeo ponendi animam meam, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1541 potestatem habeo iterum sumendi eam, et hoc mandatum accepi a patre
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1542 meo</i>, scilicet ponendi animam et sumendi. Ex quo, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1543 Chrysostomus dicit, non est intelligendum quod <i>prius
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1544 expectaverit audire, et opus fuerit ei discere, sed voluntarium
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1545 monstravit processum, et contrarietatis ad patrem suspicionem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1546 destruxit</i>. Quia tamen in morte Christi lex vetus consummata
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1547 est, secundum illud quod ipse moriens dixit, Ioan. XIX,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1548 <i>consummatum est</i>; potest intelligi quod patiendo omnia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1549 veteris legis praecepta implevit. Moralia quidem, quae in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1550 praeceptis caritatis fundantur, implevit inquantum passus est et ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1551 dilectione patris, secundum illud Ioan. XIV, <i>ut cognoscat mundus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1552 quia diligo patrem, et sicut mandatum dedit mihi pater sic facio,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1553 surgite, eamus hinc</i>, scilicet ad locum passionis, et etiam ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1554 dilectione proximi, secundum illud Galat. II <i>dilexit me, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1555 tradidit semetipsum pro me</i>. Caeremonialia vero praecepta legis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1556 quae ad sacrificia et oblationes praecipue ordinantur, implevit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1557 Christus sua passione inquantum omnia antiqua sacrificia figurae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1558 fuerunt illius veri sacrificii quod Christus obtulit moriendo pro
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1559 nobis. Unde dicitur Coloss. II, <i>nemo vos iudicet in cibo aut in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1560 potu, aut in parte diei festi aut Neomeniae, quae sunt umbra
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1561 futurorum, corpus autem Christi</i>, eo scilicet quod Christus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1562 comparatur ad illa sicut corpus ad umbram. Praecepta vero
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1563 iudicialia legis, quae praecipue ordinantur ad satisfaciendum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1564 iniuriam passis, implevit Christus sua passione, quoniam, ut in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1565 Psalmo dicitur, <i>quae non rapuit, tunc exsolvit</i>, permittens
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1566 se ligno affigi pro pomo quod de ligno homo rapuerat contra Dei
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
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diff changeset
1567 mandatum.</p><p title="III q. 47 a. 2 ad 2"><a name="48968"><span class="ref">[48968] IIIª q. 47 a. 2 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1568 dicendum quod obedientia, etsi importet necessitatem respectu eius
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1569 quod praecipitur, tamen importat voluntatem respectu impletionis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1570 praecepti. Et talis fuit obedientia Christi. Nam ipsa passio et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1571 mors, secundum se considerata, naturali voluntati repugnabat,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1572 volebat tamen Christus Dei voluntatem circa hoc implere, secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1573 illud Psalmi, <i>ut facerem voluntatem tuam, Deus meus, volui</i>.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1574 Unde dicebat, Matth. XXVI, <i>si non potest transire a me calix
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
1575 iste nisi bibam illum, fiat voluntas tua</i>.</p><p title="III q. 47 a. 2 ad 3"><a name="48969"><span class="ref">[48969] IIIª q. 47 a. 2 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1576 dicendum quod eadem ratione Christus passus est ex caritate, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1577 obedientia, quia etiam praecepta caritatis nonnisi ex obedientia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1578 implevit; et obediens fuit ex dilectione ad patrem
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
1579 praecipientem.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 3</h3><p title="III q. 47 a. 3 arg. 1"><a name="48970"><span class="ref">[48970] IIIª q. 47 a. 3 arg. 1</span></a> Ad tertium sic
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1580 proceditur. Videtur quod Deus pater non tradiderit Christum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1581 passioni. Iniquum enim et crudele esse videtur quod innocens
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1582 passioni et morti tradatur. Sed, sicut dicitur Deut. XXXII <i>Deus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1583 fidelis et absque ulla iniquitate</i>. Ergo Christum innocentem non
53
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parents: 28
diff changeset
1584 tradidit passioni et morti.</p><p title="III q. 47 a. 3 arg. 2"><a name="48971"><span class="ref">[48971] IIIª q. 47 a. 3 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea, non
28
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diff changeset
1585 videtur quod aliquis a seipso, et ab alio morti tradatur. Sed
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1586 <i>Christus tradidit semetipsum pro nobis</i>, secundum quod
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diff changeset
1587 dicitur Isaiae LIII, <i>tradidit in mortem animam suam</i>. Non
53
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diff changeset
1588 ergo videtur quod Deus pater eum tradiderit.</p><p title="III q. 47 a. 3 arg. 3"><a name="48972"><span class="ref">[48972] IIIª q. 47 a. 3 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1589 Iudas vituperatur ex eo quod tradidit Christum Iudaeis, secundum
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diff changeset
1590 illud Ioan. VI, <i>unus ex vobis Diabolus est, quod dicebat propter
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1591 Iudam, qui eum erat traditurus</i>. Similiter etiam vituperantur
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1592 Iudaei, qui eum tradiderunt Pilato, secundum quod ipse dicit, Ioan.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1593 XVIII, <i>gens tua et pontifices tui tradiderunt te mihi</i>.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1594 Pilatus autem tradidit ipsum ut crucifigeretur, ut habetur Ioan.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1595 XIX, <i>non est autem conventio iustitiae cum iniquitate</i>, ut
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1596 dicitur II Cor. VI. Ergo videtur quod Deus pater Christum non
53
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diff changeset
1597 tradiderit passioni.</p><p title="III q. 47 a. 3 s. c."><a name="48973"><span class="ref">[48973] IIIª q. 47 a. 3 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28
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diff changeset
1598 quod dicitur Rom. VIII, <i>proprio filio suo non pepercit Deus, sed
53
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diff changeset
1599 pro nobis omnibus tradidit illum</i>.</p><p title="III q. 47 a. 3 co."><a name="48974"><span class="ref">[48974] IIIª q. 47 a. 3 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1600 dicendum quod, sicut dictum est, Christus passus est voluntarie ex
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1601 obedientia patris. Unde secundum tria Deus pater tradidit Christum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1602 passioni. Uno quidem modo, secundum quod sua aeterna voluntate
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1603 praeordinavit passionem Christi ad humani generis liberationem,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1604 secundum illud quod dicitur Isaiae LIII, <i>dominus posuit in eo
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1605 iniquitatem omnium nostrum</i>; et iterum, <i>dominus voluit
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1606 conterere eum in infirmitate</i>. Secundo, inquantum inspiravit ei
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1607 voluntatem patiendi pro nobis, infundendo ei caritatem. Unde ibidem
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1608 sequitur, <i>oblatus est quia voluit</i>. Tertio, non protegendo
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1609 eum a passione, sed exponendo persequentibus. Unde, ut legitur
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1610 Matth. XXVII, pendens in cruce Christus dicebat, Deus meus, ut quid
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1611 dereliquisti me? Quia scilicet potestati persequentium eum
53
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diff changeset
1612 exposuit, ut Augustinus dicit.</p><p title="III q. 47 a. 3 ad 1"><a name="48975"><span class="ref">[48975] IIIª q. 47 a. 3 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28
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diff changeset
1613 dicendum quod innocentem hominem passioni et morti tradere contra
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1614 eius voluntatem, est impium et crudele. Sic autem Deus pater
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1615 Christum non tradidit, sed inspirando ei voluntatem patiendi pro
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1616 nobis. In quo ostenditur et Dei severitas, qui peccatum sine poena
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1617 dimittere noluit, quod significat apostolus dicens, <i>proprio
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1618 filio suo non pepercit, et bonitas eius</i>, in eo quod, cum homo
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1619 sufficienter satisfacere non posset per aliquam poenam quam
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1620 pateretur, ei satisfactorem dedit, quod significavit apostolus
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1621 dicens, <i>pro nobis omnibus tradidit illum</i>. Et Rom. III dicit,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1622 <i>quem, scilicet Christum, per fidem propitiatorem proposuit Deus
53
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diff changeset
1623 in sanguine ipsius</i>.</p><p title="III q. 47 a. 3 ad 2"><a name="48976"><span class="ref">[48976] IIIª q. 47 a. 3 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1624 dicendum quod Christus, secundum quod Deus, tradidit semetipsum in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1625 mortem eadem voluntate et actione qua et pater tradidit eum. Sed
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1626 inquantum homo, tradidit semetipsum voluntate a patre inspirata.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1627 Unde non est contrarietas in hoc quod pater tradidit Christum, et
53
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diff changeset
1628 ipse tradidit semetipsum.</p><p title="III q. 47 a. 3 ad 3"><a name="48977"><span class="ref">[48977] IIIª q. 47 a. 3 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1629 dicendum quod eadem actio diversimode iudicatur in bono vel in
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1630 malo, secundum quod ex diversa radice procedit. Pater enim tradidit
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1631 Christum, et ipse seipsum, ex caritate, et ideo laudantur. Iudas
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1632 autem tradidit ipsum ex cupiditate, Iudaei ex invidia, Pilatus ex
53
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diff changeset
1633 timore mundano, quo timuit Caesarem, et ideo ipsi vituperantur.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 4</h3><p title="III q. 47 a. 4 arg. 1"><a name="48978"><span class="ref">[48978] IIIª q. 47 a. 4 arg. 1</span></a> Ad quartum sic
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1634 proceditur. Videtur quod non fuerit conveniens Christum pati a
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1635 gentilibus. Quia enim per mortem Christi homines erant a peccato
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1636 liberandi, conveniens videretur ut paucissimi in morte eius
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1637 peccarent. Peccaverunt autem in morte eius Iudaei, ex quorum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1638 persona dicitur, Matth. XXI, <i>hic est heres; venite, occidamus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1639 eum</i>. Ergo videtur conveniens fuisse quod in peccato occisionis
53
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parents: 28
diff changeset
1640 Christi gentiles non implicarentur.</p><p title="III q. 47 a. 4 arg. 2"><a name="48979"><span class="ref">[48979] IIIª q. 47 a. 4 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1641 veritas debet respondere figurae. Sed figuralia sacrificia veteris
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1642 legis non gentiles, sed Iudaei offerebant. Ergo neque passio
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1643 Christi, quae fuit verum sacrificium, impleri debuit per manus
53
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diff changeset
1644 gentilium.</p><p title="III q. 47 a. 4 arg. 3"><a name="48980"><span class="ref">[48980] IIIª q. 47 a. 4 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1645 sicut dicitur Ioan. V, <i>Iudaei quaerebant Christum interficere,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1646 non solum quia solvebat sabbatum, sed etiam quia patrem suum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1647 dicebat Deum, aequalem se Deo faciens</i>. Sed haec videbantur esse
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1648 solum contra legem Iudaeorum, unde et ipsi dicunt, Ioan. XIX,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1649 <i>secundum legem debet mori, quia filium Dei se fecit</i>. Videtur
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1650 ergo conveniens fuisse quod Christus non a gentilibus, sed a
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1651 Iudaeis pateretur, et falsum esse quod dixerunt, <i>nobis non licet
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1652 interficere quemquam</i>, cum multa peccata secundum legem morte
53
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diff changeset
1653 puniantur, ut patet Levit. XX.</p><p title="III q. 47 a. 4 s. c."><a name="48981"><span class="ref">[48981] IIIª q. 47 a. 4 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1654 quod ipse dominus dicit, Matth. XX, <i>tradent eum gentibus ad
53
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diff changeset
1655 illudendum et flagellandum et crucifigendum</i>.</p><p title="III q. 47 a. 4 co."><a name="48982"><span class="ref">[48982] IIIª q. 47 a. 4 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1656 dicendum quod in ipso modo passionis Christi praefiguratus est
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1657 effectus ipsius. Primo enim passio Christi effectum salutis habuit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1658 in Iudaeis, quorum plurimi in morte Christi baptizati sunt, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1659 patet Act. II et IV. Secundo vero, Iudaeis praedicantibus, effectus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1660 passionis Christi transivit ad gentes. Et ideo conveniens fuit ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1661 Christus a Iudaeis pati inciperet, et postea, Iudaeis tradentibus,
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
1662 per manus gentilium eius passio finiretur.</p><p title="III q. 47 a. 4 ad 1"><a name="48983"><span class="ref">[48983] IIIª q. 47 a. 4 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1663 dicendum quod, quia Christus, ad ostendendam abundantiam caritatis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1664 suae, ex qua patiebatur, in cruce positus veniam persecutoribus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1665 postulavit; ut huius petitionis fructus ad Iudaeos et gentiles
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
1666 perveniret, voluit Christus ab utrisque pati.</p><p title="III q. 47 a. 4 ad 2"><a name="48984"><span class="ref">[48984] IIIª q. 47 a. 4 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1667 dicendum quod passio Christi fuit sacrificii oblatio inquantum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1668 Christus propria voluntate mortem sustinuit ex caritate. Inquantum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1669 autem a persecutoribus est passus, non fuit sacrificium, sed
53
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ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
1670 peccatum gravissimum.</p><p title="III q. 47 a. 4 ad 3"><a name="48985"><span class="ref">[48985] IIIª q. 47 a. 4 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1671 dicendum quod, sicut Augustinus dicit, Iudaei dicentes, <i>nobis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1672 non licet interficere quemquam, intellexerunt non sibi licere
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1673 interficere quemquam propter festi diei sanctitatem, quam celebrare
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1674 iam coeperant</i>. Vel hoc dicebant, ut Chrysostomus dicit, quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1675 volebant eum occidi, non tanquam transgressorem legis, sed tanquam
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1676 publicum hostem, quia regem se fecerat, de quo non erat eorum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1677 iudicare. Vel quia non licebat eis crucifigere, quod cupiebant, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1678 lapidare, quod in Stephano fecerunt. Vel melius dicendum est quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1679 per Romanos, quibus erant subiecti, erat eis potestas occidendi
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
1680 interdicta.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 5</h3><p title="III q. 47 a. 5 arg. 1"><a name="48986"><span class="ref">[48986] IIIª q. 47 a. 5 arg. 1</span></a> Ad quintum sic
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1681 proceditur. Videtur quod persecutores Christi eum cognoverunt.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1682 Dicitur enim Matth. XXI, quod <i>agricolae, videntes filium,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1683 dixerunt intra se, hic est heres, venite, occidamus eum</i>. Ubi
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1684 dicit Hieronymus, <i>manifestissime dominus probat his verbis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1685 Iudaeorum principes non per ignorantiam, sed per invidiam Dei
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1686 filium crucifixisse. Intellexerunt enim esse illum cui pater per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1687 prophetam dicit, postula a me, et dabo tibi gentes hereditatem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1688 tuam</i>. Ergo videtur quod cognoverunt eum esse Christum, vel
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
1689 filium Dei.</p><p title="III q. 47 a. 5 arg. 2"><a name="48987"><span class="ref">[48987] IIIª q. 47 a. 5 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1690 Ioan. XV dominus dixit, <i>nunc autem et viderunt et oderunt et me
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1691 et patrem meum</i>. Quod autem videtur, manifeste cognoscitur. Ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1692 Iudaei, cognoscentes Christum, ex causa odii ei passionem
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
1693 intulerunt.</p><p title="III q. 47 a. 5 arg. 3"><a name="48988"><span class="ref">[48988] IIIª q. 47 a. 5 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea, in
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1694 quodam sermone Ephesini Concilii dicitur, <i>sicut qui chartam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1695 imperialem disrumpit, tanquam imperatoris disrumpens verbum, ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1696 mortem adducitur, sic crucifigens Iudaeus quem viderat, poenas
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1697 dabit tanquam in ipsum Deum verbum praesumptiones iniiciens</i>.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1698 Hoc autem non esset si eum Dei filium esse non cognoverunt, quia
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1699 ignorantia eos excusasset. Ergo videtur quod Iudaei crucifigentes
53
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parents: 28
diff changeset
1700 Christum cognoverunt eum esse filium Dei.</p><p title="III q. 47 a. 5 s. c."><a name="48989"><span class="ref">[48989] IIIª q. 47 a. 5 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1701 quod dicitur I Cor. II, <i>si cognovissent, nunquam dominum gloriae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1702 crucifixissent</i>. Et Act. III dicit Petrus, Iudaeis loquens,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1703 <i>scio quod per ignorantiam fecistis sicut et principes
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1704 vestri</i>. Et dominus, in cruce pendens, dixit, <i>pater, dimitte
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
1705 illis, non enim sciunt quid faciunt</i>.</p><p title="III q. 47 a. 5 co."><a name="48990"><span class="ref">[48990] IIIª q. 47 a. 5 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1706 dicendum quod apud Iudaeos quidam erant maiores, et quidam minores.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1707 Maiores quidem, qui eorum principes dicebantur, cognoverunt, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1708 dicitur in libro quaest. Nov. et Vet. Test., sicut et Daemones
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1709 cognoverunt, <i>eum esse Christum promissum in lege, omnia enim
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1710 signa videbant in eo quae dixerant futura prophetae. Mysterium
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1711 autem divinitatis eius ignorabant</i>, et ideo apostolus dixit
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1712 quod, <i>si cognovissent, nunquam dominum gloriae
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1713 crucifixissent</i>. Sciendum tamen quod eorum ignorantia non eos
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1714 excusabat a crimine, quia erat quodammodo ignorantia affectata.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1715 Videbant enim evidentia signa ipsius divinitatis, sed ex odio et
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1716 invidia Christi ea pervertebant, et verbis eius, quibus se Dei
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1717 filium fatebatur, credere noluerunt. Unde ipse de eis dicit, Ioan.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1718 XV, <i>si non venissem, et locutus eis non fuissem, peccatum non
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1719 haberent, nunc autem excusationem non habent de peccato suo</i>. Et
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1720 postea subdit, <i>si opera non fecissem in eis quae nemo alius
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1721 fecit, peccatum non haberent</i>. Et sic ex persona eorum accipi
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1722 potest quod dicitur Iob XXI, <i>dixerunt Deo, recede a nobis,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1723 scientiam viarum tuarum nolumus</i>. Minores vero, idest populares,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1724 qui mysteria Scripturae non noverant, non plene cognoverunt ipsum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1725 esse nec Christum nec filium Dei, licet aliqui eorum etiam in eum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1726 crediderint. Multitudo tamen non credidit. Et si aliquando
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1727 dubitarent an ipse esset Christus, propter signorum multitudinem,
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diff changeset
1728 et efficaciam doctrinae, ut habetur Ioan. VII, tamen postea decepti
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1729 fuerunt a suis principibus ut eum non crederent neque filium Dei
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1730 neque Christum. Unde et Petrus eis dixit, <i>scio quod per
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1731 ignorantiam hoc fecistis, sicut et principes vestri</i>, quia
53
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diff changeset
1732 scilicet per principes seducti erant.</p><p title="III q. 47 a. 5 ad 1"><a name="48991"><span class="ref">[48991] IIIª q. 47 a. 5 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28
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diff changeset
1733 dicendum quod illa verba dicuntur ex persona colonorum vineae, per
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1734 quos significantur rectores illius populi, qui eum cognoverunt esse
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1735 heredem, inquantum cognoverunt eum esse Christum promissum in lege.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1736 Sed contra hanc responsionem videtur esse quod illa verba Psalmi,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1737 <i>postula a me et dabo tibi gentes hereditatem tuam</i>, eidem
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1738 dicuntur cui dicitur, filius meus es tu, ego hodie genui te. Si
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1739 ergo cognoverunt eum esse illum cui dictum est, <i>postula a me et
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1740 dabo tibi gentes hereditatem tuam</i>, sequitur quod cognoverunt
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1741 eum esse filium Dei. Chrysostomus etiam, ibidem, dicit quod
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1742 <i>cognoverunt eum esse filium Dei</i>. Beda etiam dicit, super
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1743 illud Luc. XXIII, <i>quia nesciunt quid faciunt, notandum, inquit,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1744 quod non pro eis orat qui, quem filium Dei intellexerunt,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1745 crucifigere quam confiteri maluerunt</i>. Sed ad hoc potest
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1746 responderi quod cognoverunt eum esse filium Dei non per naturam,
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1747 sed per excellentiam gratiae singularis. Possumus tamen dicere quod
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1748 etiam verum Dei filium cognovisse dicuntur, quia evidentia signa
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1749 huius rei habebant, quibus tamen assentire propter odium et
53
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diff changeset
1750 invidiam noluerunt, ut eum cognoscerent esse filium Dei.</p><p title="III q. 47 a. 5 ad 2"><a name="48992"><span class="ref">[48992] IIIª q. 47 a. 5 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1751 dicendum quod ante illa verba praemittitur, <i>si opera non
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1752 fecissem in eis quae nemo alius fecit, peccatum non haberent</i>,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1753 et postea subditur, <i>nunc autem viderunt, et oderunt et me et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1754 patrem meum</i>. Per quod ostenditur quod, videntes opera Christi
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1755 mirifica, ex odio processit quod eum filium Dei non
53
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diff changeset
1756 cognoverunt.</p><p title="III q. 47 a. 5 ad 3"><a name="48993"><span class="ref">[48993] IIIª q. 47 a. 5 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
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diff changeset
1757 dicendum quod ignorantia affectata non excusat a culpa sed magis
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1758 videtur culpam aggravare, ostendit enim hominem sic vehementer esse
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1759 affectum ad peccandum quod vult ignorantiam incurrere ne peccatum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1760 vitet. Et ideo Iudaei peccaverunt, non solum hominis Christi, sed
53
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diff changeset
1761 tanquam Dei crucifixores.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 6</h3><p title="III q. 47 a. 6 arg. 1"><a name="48994"><span class="ref">[48994] IIIª q. 47 a. 6 arg. 1</span></a> Ad sextum sic
28
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diff changeset
1762 proceditur. Videtur quod peccatum crucifigentium Christum non
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diff changeset
1763 fuerit gravissimum. Non enim est gravissimum peccatum quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1764 excusationem habet. Sed ipse dominus excusavit peccatum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1765 crucifigentium eum, dicens, <i>pater, ignosce illis, quia nesciunt
53
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diff changeset
1766 quid faciunt</i>. Non ergo peccatum eorum fuit gravissimum.</p><p title="III q. 47 a. 6 arg. 2"><a name="48995"><span class="ref">[48995] IIIª q. 47 a. 6 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1767 dominus dixit Pilato, Ioan. XIX, <i>qui tradidit me tibi, maius
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1768 peccatum habet</i>. Ipse autem Pilatus fecit Christum crucifigi per
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1769 suos ministros. Ergo videtur fuisse maius peccatum Iudae proditoris
53
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diff changeset
1770 peccato crucifigentium Christum.</p><p title="III q. 47 a. 6 arg. 3"><a name="48996"><span class="ref">[48996] IIIª q. 47 a. 6 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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diff changeset
1771 secundum philosophum, in V Ethic., <i>nullus patitur iniustum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1772 volens</i>, et, sicut ipse ibidem dicit, <i>nullo patiente
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1773 iniustum, nullus facit iniustum</i>. Ergo volenti nullus facit
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1774 iniustum. Sed Christus voluntarie est passus, ut supra habitum est.
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diff changeset
1775 Non ergo iniustum fecerunt crucifixores Christi. Et ita eorum
53
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diff changeset
1776 peccatum non est gravissimum.</p><p title="III q. 47 a. 6 s. c."><a name="48997"><span class="ref">[48997] IIIª q. 47 a. 6 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28
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diff changeset
1777 quod super illud Matth. XXIII, <i>et vos implete mensuram patrum
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diff changeset
1778 vestrorum</i>, dicit Chrysostomus, <i>quantum ad veritatem,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1779 excesserunt mensuram patrum suorum. Illi enim homines occiderunt,
53
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diff changeset
1780 isti Deum crucifixerunt</i>.</p><p title="III q. 47 a. 6 co."><a name="48998"><span class="ref">[48998] IIIª q. 47 a. 6 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1781 dicendum quod, sicut dictum est, principes Iudaeorum cognoverunt
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1782 Christum, et si aliqua ignorantia fuit in eis, fuit ignorantia
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1783 affectata, quae eos non poterat excusare. Et ideo peccatum eorum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1784 fuit gravissimum, tum ex genere peccati; tum ex malitia voluntatis.
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1785 Minores autem Iudaei gravissime peccaverunt quantum ad genus
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1786 peccati, in aliquo tamen diminuebatur eorum peccatum propter eorum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1787 ignorantiam. Unde super illud Luc. XXIII, nesciunt quid faciunt,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1788 dicit Beda, <i>pro illis rogat qui nescierunt quod fecerunt, zelum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1789 Dei habentes, sed non secundum scientiam</i>. Multo autem magis
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1790 fuit excusabile peccatum gentilium per quorum manus Christus
53
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diff changeset
1791 crucifixus est, qui legis scientiam non habebant.</p><p title="III q. 47 a. 6 ad 1"><a name="48999"><span class="ref">[48999] IIIª q. 47 a. 6 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28
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diff changeset
1792 dicendum quod excusatio illa domini non refertur ad principes
53
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diff changeset
1793 Iudaeorum, sed ad minores de populo, sicut dictum est.</p><p title="III q. 47 a. 6 ad 2"><a name="49000"><span class="ref">[49000] IIIª q. 47 a. 6 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
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diff changeset
1794 dicendum quod Iudas tradidit Christum, non Pilato, sed principibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1795 sacerdotum, qui tradiderunt eum Pilato, secundum illud Ioan. XVIII,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1796 <i>gens tua et pontifices tui tradiderunt te mihi</i>. Horum tamen
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1797 omnium peccatum fuit maius quam Pilati, qui timore Caesaris
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1798 Christum occidit; et etiam quam peccatum militum, qui mandato
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diff changeset
1799 praesidis Christum crucifixerunt; non ex cupiditate, sicut Iudas,
53
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diff changeset
1800 nec ex invidia et odio, sicut principes sacerdotum.</p><p title="III q. 47 a. 6 ad 3"><a name="49001"><span class="ref">[49001] IIIª q. 47 a. 6 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
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diff changeset
1801 dicendum quod Christus voluit quidem suam passionem, sicut et Deus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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diff changeset
1802 eam voluit, iniquam tamen actionem Iudaeorum noluit. Et ideo
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1803 occisores Christi ab iniustitia non excusantur. Et tamen ille qui
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1804 occidit hominem, iniuriam facit non solum homini, sed etiam Deo et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1805 reipublicae, sicut etiam et ille qui occidit seipsum, ut
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1806 philosophus dicit, in V Ethic. Unde David damnavit illum ad mortem
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diff changeset
1807 qui <i>non timuerat mittere manum ut occideret Christum domini</i>,
53
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diff changeset
1808 quamvis eo petente, ut legitur II Reg. I.</p></div></div><div class="q" id="q48"><h2>Quaestio 48</h2><div class="p"><h3>Prooemium</h3><p title="III q. 48 pr."><a name="49002"><span class="ref">[49002]
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diff changeset
1809 IIIª q. 48 pr.</span></a> Deinde considerandum est de effectu
28
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diff changeset
1810 passionis Christi. Et primo, de modo efficiendi; secundo, de ipso
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diff changeset
1811 effectu. Circa primum quaeruntur sex. Primo, utrum passio Christi
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1812 causaverit nostram salutem per modum meriti. Secundo, utrum per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1813 modum satisfactionis. Tertio, utrum per modum sacrificii. Quarto,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1814 utrum per modum redemptionis. Quinto, utrum esse redemptorem sit
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1815 proprium Christi. Sexto, utrum causaverit effectum nostrae salutis
53
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diff changeset
1816 per modum efficientiae.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 1</h3><p title="III q. 48 a. 1 arg. 1"><a name="49003"><span class="ref">[49003] IIIª q. 48 a. 1 arg. 1</span></a> Ad primum sic
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1817 proceditur. Videtur quod passio Christi non causaverit nostram
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1818 salutem per modum meriti. Passionum enim principia non sunt in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1819 nobis. Nullus autem meretur vel laudatur nisi per id cuius
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1820 principium est in ipso. Ergo passio Christi nihil est operata per
53
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diff changeset
1821 modum meriti.</p><p title="III q. 48 a. 1 arg. 2"><a name="49004"><span class="ref">[49004] IIIª q. 48 a. 1 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1822 Christus ab initio suae conceptionis meruit et sibi et nobis, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1823 supra dictum est. Sed superfluum est iterum mereri id quod alias
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1824 meruerat. Ergo Christus per suam passionem non meruit nostram
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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diff changeset
1825 salutem.</p><p title="III q. 48 a. 1 arg. 3"><a name="49005"><span class="ref">[49005] IIIª q. 48 a. 1 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1826 radix merendi est caritas. Sed caritas Christi non fuit magis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1827 augmentata in passione quam ante. Ergo non magis meruit salutem
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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diff changeset
1828 nostram patiendo quam ante fecerat.</p><p title="III q. 48 a. 1 s. c."><a name="49006"><span class="ref">[49006] IIIª q. 48 a. 1 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1829 quod, super illud Philipp. II, <i>propter quod et Deus exaltavit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1830 illum</i> etc., dicit Augustinus, <i>humilitas passionis claritatis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1831 est meritum, claritas humilitatis est praemium</i>. Sed ipse
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1832 clarificatus est non solum in seipso, sed etiam in suis fidelibus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1833 ut ipse dicit, Ioan. XVII. Ergo videtur quod ipse meruit salutem
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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diff changeset
1834 suorum fidelium.</p><p title="III q. 48 a. 1 co."><a name="49007"><span class="ref">[49007] IIIª q. 48 a. 1 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1835 dicendum quod, sicut supra dictum est, Christo data est gratia non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1836 solum sicut singulari personae, sed inquantum est caput Ecclesiae,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1837 ut scilicet ab ipso redundaret ad membra. Et ideo opera Christi hoc
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1838 modo se habent tam ad se quam ad sua membra, sicut se habent opera
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1839 alterius hominis in gratia constituti ad ipsum. Manifestum est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1840 autem quod quicumque in gratia constitutus propter iustitiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1841 patitur, ex hoc ipso meretur sibi salutem, secundum illud Matth. V,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1842 <i>beati qui persecutionem patiuntur propter iustitiam</i>. Unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1843 Christus non solum per suam passionem sibi, sed etiam omnibus suis
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
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diff changeset
1844 membris meruit salutem.</p><p title="III q. 48 a. 1 ad 1"><a name="49008"><span class="ref">[49008] IIIª q. 48 a. 1 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1845 dicendum quod passio inquantum huiusmodi, habet principium ab
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1846 exteriori. Sed secundum quod eam aliquis voluntarie sustinet, habet
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
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diff changeset
1847 principium ab interiori.</p><p title="III q. 48 a. 1 ad 2"><a name="49009"><span class="ref">[49009] IIIª q. 48 a. 1 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1848 dicendum quod Christus a principio suae conceptionis meruit nobis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1849 salutem aeternam, sed ex parte nostra erant impedimenta quaedam,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1850 quibus impediebamur consequi effectum praecedentium meritorum.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1851 Unde, ad removendum illa impedimenta, oportuit Christum pati, ut
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
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diff changeset
1852 supra dictum est.</p><p title="III q. 48 a. 1 ad 3"><a name="49010"><span class="ref">[49010] IIIª q. 48 a. 1 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1853 dicendum quod passio Christi habuit aliquem effectum quem non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1854 habuerunt praecedentia merita, non propter maiorem caritatem, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1855 propter genus operis, quod erat conveniens tali effectui, ut patet
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
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diff changeset
1856 ex rationibus supra inductis de convenientia passionis Christi.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 2</h3><p title="III q. 48 a. 2 arg. 1"><a name="49011"><span class="ref">[49011] IIIª q. 48 a. 2 arg. 1</span></a> Ad secundum
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1857 sic proceditur. Videtur quod passio Christi non causaverit nostram
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1858 salutem per modum satisfactionis. Eiusdem enim videtur esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1859 satisfacere cuius est peccare, sicut patet in aliis poenitentiae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1860 partibus; eiusdem enim est conteri et confiteri cuius est peccare.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1861 Sed Christus non peccavit, secundum illud I Pet. II, <i>qui
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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diff changeset
1862 peccatum non fecit</i>. Ergo ipse non satisfecit propria
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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diff changeset
1863 passione.</p><p title="III q. 48 a. 2 arg. 2"><a name="49012"><span class="ref">[49012] IIIª q. 48 a. 2 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1864 nulli satisfit per maiorem offensam. Sed maxima offensa fuit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1865 perpetrata in Christi passione, quia gravissime peccaverunt qui eum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1866 occiderunt, ut supra dictum est. Ergo videtur quod per passionem
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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diff changeset
1867 Christi non potuit Deo satisfieri.</p><p title="III q. 48 a. 2 arg. 3"><a name="49013"><span class="ref">[49013] IIIª q. 48 a. 2 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1868 satisfactio importat aequalitatem quandam ad culpam, cum sit actus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1869 iustitiae. Sed passio Christi non videtur esse aequalis omnibus
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1870 peccatis humani generis, quia Christus non est passus secundum
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1871 divinitatem, sed secundum carnem, secundum illud I Pet. IV, Christo
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1872 igitur passo in carne; anima autem, in qua est peccatum, potior est
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1873 quam caro. Non ergo Christus sua passione satisfecit pro peccatis
53
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1874 nostris.</p><p title="III q. 48 a. 2 s. c."><a name="49014"><span class="ref">[49014] IIIª q. 48 a. 2 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28
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1875 quod ex persona eius dicitur in Psalmo, <i>quae non rapui, tunc
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1876 exsolvebam</i>. Non autem exsolvit qui perfecte non satisfecit.
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1877 Ergo videtur quod Christus patiendo satisfecerit perfecte pro
53
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1878 peccatis nostris.</p><p title="III q. 48 a. 2 co."><a name="49015"><span class="ref">[49015] IIIª q. 48 a. 2 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
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1879 dicendum quod ille proprie satisfacit pro offensa qui exhibet
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diff changeset
1880 offenso id quod aeque vel magis diligit quam oderit offensam.
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diff changeset
1881 Christus autem, ex caritate et obedientia patiendo, maius aliquid
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1882 Deo exhibuit quam exigeret recompensatio totius offensae humani
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diff changeset
1883 generis. Primo quidem, propter magnitudinem caritatis ex qua
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1884 patiebatur. Secundo, propter dignitatem vitae suae, quam pro
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diff changeset
1885 satisfactione ponebat, quae erat vita Dei et hominis. Tertio,
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diff changeset
1886 propter generalitatem passionis et magnitudinem doloris assumpti,
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diff changeset
1887 ut supra dictum est. Et ideo passio Christi non solum sufficiens,
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diff changeset
1888 sed etiam superabundans satisfactio fuit pro peccatis humani
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1889 generis, secundum illud I Ioan. II, <i>ipse est propitiatio pro
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1890 peccatis nostris, non pro nostris autem tantum, sed etiam pro
53
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1891 totius mundi</i>.</p><p title="III q. 48 a. 2 ad 1"><a name="49016"><span class="ref">[49016] IIIª q. 48 a. 2 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28
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1892 dicendum quod caput et membra sunt quasi una persona mystica. Et
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diff changeset
1893 ideo satisfactio Christi ad omnes fideles pertinet sicut ad sua
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1894 membra. Inquantum etiam duo homines sunt unum in caritate, unus pro
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1895 alio satisfacere potest, ut infra patebit. Non autem est similis
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1896 ratio de confessione et contritione, quia satisfactio consistit in
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1897 actu exteriori, ad quem assumi possunt instrumenta; inter quae
53
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1898 computantur etiam amici.</p><p title="III q. 48 a. 2 ad 2"><a name="49017"><span class="ref">[49017] IIIª q. 48 a. 2 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
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1899 dicendum quod maior fuit caritas Christi patientis quam malitia
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1900 crucifigentium. Et ideo plus potuit Christus satisfacere sua
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1901 passione quam crucifixores offendere occidendo, in tantum quod
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1902 passio Christi sufficiens fuit, et superabundans, ad satisfaciendum
53
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1903 pro peccatis crucifigentium ipsum.</p><p title="III q. 48 a. 2 ad 3"><a name="49018"><span class="ref">[49018] IIIª q. 48 a. 2 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
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1904 dicendum quod dignitas carnis Christi non est aestimanda solum
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1905 secundum carnis naturam, sed secundum personam assumentem,
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1906 inquantum scilicet erat caro Dei, ex quo habebat dignitatem
53
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1907 infinitam.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 3</h3><p title="III q. 48 a. 3 arg. 1"><a name="49019"><span class="ref">[49019] IIIª q. 48 a. 3 arg. 1</span></a> Ad tertium sic
28
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1908 proceditur. Videtur quod passio Christi non fuerit operata per
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1909 modum sacrificii. Veritas enim debet respondere figurae. Sed in
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1910 sacrificiis veteris legis, quae erant figurae Christi, nunquam
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1911 offerebatur caro humana, quinimmo haec sacrificia nefanda
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1912 habebantur, secundum illud Psalmi, <i>effuderunt sanguinem
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1913 innocentem, sanguinem filiorum suorum et filiarum, quas
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1914 sacrificaverunt sculptilibus Chanaan</i>. Ergo videtur quod passio
53
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1915 Christi sacrificium dici non possit.</p><p title="III q. 48 a. 3 arg. 2"><a name="49020"><span class="ref">[49020] IIIª q. 48 a. 3 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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1916 Augustinus dicit, in X de Civ. Dei, quod <i>sacrificium visibile
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1917 invisibilis sacrificii sacramentum, idest sacrum signum, est</i>.
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1918 Sed passio Christi non est signum, sed magis significatum per alia
53
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1919 signa. Ergo videtur quod passio Christi non sit sacrificium.</p><p title="III q. 48 a. 3 arg. 3"><a name="49021"><span class="ref">[49021] IIIª q. 48 a. 3 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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1920 quicumque offert sacrificium, aliquid sacrum facit, ut ipsum nomen
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1921 sacrificii demonstrat. Illi autem qui Christum occiderunt, non
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1922 fecerunt aliquod sacrum, sed magnam malitiam perpetraverunt. Ergo
53
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1923 passio Christi magis fuit maleficium quam sacrificium.</p><p title="III q. 48 a. 3 s. c."><a name="49022"><span class="ref">[49022] IIIª q. 48 a. 3 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28
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1924 quod apostolus dicit, Ephes. V, <i>tradidit semetipsum pro nobis
53
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1925 oblationem et hostiam Deo in odorem suavitatis</i>.</p><p title="III q. 48 a. 3 co."><a name="49023"><span class="ref">[49023] IIIª q. 48 a. 3 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
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1926 dicendum quod sacrificium proprie dicitur aliquid factum in honorem
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1927 proprie Deo debitum, ad eum placandum. Et inde est quod Augustinus
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diff changeset
1928 dicit, in X de Civ. Dei, <i>verum sacrificium est omne opus quod
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1929 agitur ut sancta societate Deo inhaereamus, relatum scilicet ad
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1930 illum finem boni quo veraciter beati esse possumus. Christus
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1931 autem</i>, ut ibidem subditur, <i>seipsum obtulit in passione pro
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1932 nobis</i>, et hoc ipsum opus, quod voluntarie passionem sustinuit,
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1933 fuit Deo maxime acceptum, utpote ex caritate proveniens. Unde
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1934 manifestum est quod passio Christi fuit verum sacrificium. Et,
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1935 sicut ipse postea subdit in eodem libro, <i>huius veri sacrificii
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1936 multiplicia variaque signa erant sacrificia prisca sanctorum, cum
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1937 hoc unum per multa figuraretur, tanquam verbis multis res una
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1938 diceretur, ut sine fastidio multum commendaretur; et, cum quatuor
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diff changeset
1939 considerentur in omni sacrificio</i>, ut Augustinus dicit in IV de
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1940 Trin., scilicet <i>cui offeratur, a quo offeratur, quid offeratur,
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1941 pro quibus offeratur, idem ipse qui unus verusque mediator per
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1942 sacrificium pacis reconciliat nos Deo, unum cum illo maneret cui
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1943 offerebat, unum in se faceret pro quibus offerebat, unus ipse esset
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1944 qui offerebat, et quod offerebat</i>.</p><p title="III q. 48 a. 3 ad 1"><a name="49024"><span class="ref">[49024] IIIª q. 48 a. 3 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28
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1945 dicendum quod, licet veritas respondeat figurae quantum ad aliquid,
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1946 non tamen quantum ad omnia, quia oportet quod veritas figuram
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1947 excedat. Et ideo convenienter figura huius sacrificii, quo caro
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1948 Christi offertur pro nobis, fuit caro, non hominum, sed aliorum
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1949 animalium significantium carnem Christi. Quae est perfectissimum
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1950 sacrificium. Primo quidem quia, ex eo quod est humanae naturae
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1951 caro, congrue pro hominibus offertur, et ab eis sumitur sub
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1952 sacramento. Secundo quia, ex eo quod erat passibilis et mortalis,
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1953 apta erat immolationi. Tertio quia, ex hoc quod erat sine peccato,
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1954 efficax erat ad emundanda peccata. Quarto quia, ex eo quod erat
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1955 caro ipsius offerentis, erat Deo accepta propter caritatem suam
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1956 carnem offerentis. Unde Augustinus dicit, in IV de Trin., <i>quid
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1957 tam congruenter ab hominibus sumeretur quod pro eis offerretur,
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1958 quam humana caro? Et quid tam aptum huic immolationi quam caro
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1959 mortalis? Et quid tam mundum pro mundandis vitiis mortalium quam
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1960 sine contagione carnalis concupiscentiae caro nata in utero et ex
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1961 utero virginali? Et quid tam grate offerri et suscipi posset quam
53
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1962 caro sacrificii nostri, corpus effectum sacerdotis nostri?</i></p><p title="III q. 48 a. 3 ad 2"><a name="49025"><span class="ref">[49025] IIIª q. 48 a. 3 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
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1963 dicendum quod Augustinus ibi loquitur de sacrificiis visibilibus
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1964 figuralibus. Et tamen ipsa passio Christi, licet sit aliquid
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1965 significatum per alia sacrificia figuralia, est tamen signum
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1966 alicuius rei observandae a nobis, secundum illud I Pet. IV,
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1967 <i>Christo igitur passo in carne, et vos eadem cogitatione
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1968 armamini, quia qui passus est in carne, desiit a peccatis; ut iam
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1969 non hominum desideriis, sed voluntati Dei, quod reliquum est in
53
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1970 carne vivat temporis</i>.</p><p title="III q. 48 a. 3 ad 3"><a name="49026"><span class="ref">[49026] IIIª q. 48 a. 3 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
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1971 dicendum quod passio Christi ex parte occidentium ipsum fuit
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1972 maleficium, sed ex parte ipsius ex caritate patientis fuit
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1973 sacrificium. Unde hoc sacrificium ipse Christus obtulisse dicitur,
53
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1974 non autem illi qui eum occiderunt.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 4</h3><p title="III q. 48 a. 4 arg. 1"><a name="49027"><span class="ref">[49027] IIIª q. 48 a. 4 arg. 1</span></a> Ad quartum sic
28
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1975 proceditur. Videtur quod passio Christi non fuerit operata nostram
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1976 salutem per modum redemptionis. Nullus enim emit vel redimit quod
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1977 suum esse non desiit. Sed homines nunquam desierunt esse Dei,
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1978 secundum illud Psalmi, <i>domini est terra et plenitudo eius, orbis
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1979 terrarum et universi qui habitant in eo</i>. Ergo videtur quod
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1980 Christus non redemerit nos sua passione.</p><p title="III q. 48 a. 4 arg. 2"><a name="49028"><span class="ref">[49028] IIIª q. 48 a. 4 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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diff changeset
1981 sicut Augustinus dicit, XIII de Trin., <i>Diabolus a Christo
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diff changeset
1982 iustitia superandus fuit</i>. Sed hoc exigit iustitia, ut ille qui
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1983 invasit dolose rem alienam, debeat privari, quia <i>fraus et dolus
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1984 nemini debet patrocinari</i>, ut etiam iura humana dicunt. Cum ergo
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1985 Diabolus creaturam Dei, scilicet hominem, dolose deceperit et sibi
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1986 subiugaverit, videtur quod non debuit homo per modum redemptionis
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1987 ab eius eripi potestate.</p><p title="III q. 48 a. 4 arg. 3"><a name="49029"><span class="ref">[49029] IIIª q. 48 a. 4 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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1988 quicumque emit aut redimit aliquid, pretium solvit ei qui
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1989 possidebat. Sed Christus non solvit sanguinem suum, qui dicitur
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1990 esse pretium redemptionis nostrae, Diabolo, qui nos captivos
53
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1991 tenebat. Non ergo Christus sua passione nos redemit.</p><p title="III q. 48 a. 4 s. c."><a name="49030"><span class="ref">[49030] IIIª q. 48 a. 4 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28
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diff changeset
1992 quod dicitur I Pet. I, <i>non corruptibilibus auro vel argento
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1993 redempti estis de vana vestra conversatione paternae traditionis,
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1994 sed pretioso sanguine, quasi agni immaculati et incontaminati,
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diff changeset
1995 Christi</i>. Et Galat. III dicitur, <i>Christus nos redemit de
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diff changeset
1996 maledicto legis, factus pro nobis maledictum</i>. Dicitur autem pro
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1997 nobis factus maledictum, inquantum pro nobis passus est in ligno,
53
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1998 ut supra dictum est. Ergo per passionem suam nos redemit.</p><p title="III q. 48 a. 4 co."><a name="49031"><span class="ref">[49031] IIIª q. 48 a. 4 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
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diff changeset
1999 dicendum quod per peccatum dupliciter homo obligatus erat. Primo
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diff changeset
2000 quidem, servitute peccati, quia <i>qui facit peccatum, servus est
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diff changeset
2001 peccati</i>, ut dicitur Ioan. VIII; et II Pet. II, <i>a quo quis
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diff changeset
2002 superatus est, huic et servus addictus est</i>. Quia igitur
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diff changeset
2003 Diabolus hominem superaverat inducendo eum ad peccatum, homo
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2004 servituti Diaboli addictus erat. Secundo, quantum ad reatum poenae,
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diff changeset
2005 quo homo erat obligatus secundum Dei iustitiam. Et haec est
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diff changeset
2006 servitus quaedam, ad servitutem enim pertinet quod aliquis patiatur
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diff changeset
2007 quod non vult, cum liberi hominis sit uti seipso ut vult. Igitur,
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diff changeset
2008 quia passio Christi fuit sufficiens et superabundans satisfactio
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2009 pro peccato et reatu generis humani, eius passio fuit quasi quoddam
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diff changeset
2010 pretium, per quod liberati sumus ab utraque obligatione. Nam ipsa
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diff changeset
2011 satisfactio qua quis satisfacit sive pro se sive pro alio, pretium
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diff changeset
2012 quoddam dicitur quo se redimit a peccato et poena, secundum illud
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diff changeset
2013 Dan. IV, <i>peccata tua eleemosynis redime</i>. Christus autem
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2014 satisfecit, non quidem pecuniam dando aut aliquid huiusmodi, sed
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diff changeset
2015 dando id quod fuit maximum, seipsum, pro nobis. Et ideo passio
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2016 Christi dicitur esse nostra redemptio.</p><p title="III q. 48 a. 4 ad 1"><a name="49032"><span class="ref">[49032] IIIª q. 48 a. 4 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28
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2017 dicendum quod homo dicitur esse Dei dupliciter. Uno modo, inquantum
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diff changeset
2018 subiicitur potestati eius. Et hoc modo nunquam homo desiit Dei
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diff changeset
2019 esse, secundum illud Dan. IV, <i>dominatur excelsus in regno
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2020 hominum, et cuicumque voluerit, dabit illud</i>. Alio modo, per
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2021 unionem caritatis ad eum, secundum quod dicitur Rom. VIII, <i>si
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2022 quis spiritum Christi non habet, hic non est eius</i>. Primo igitur
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2023 modo, nunquam homo desiit esse Dei. Secundo modo, desiit esse Dei
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2024 per peccatum. Et ideo, inquantum fuit a peccato liberatus, Christo
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2025 passo satisfaciente, dicitur per passionem Christi esse
53
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diff changeset
2026 redemptus.</p><p title="III q. 48 a. 4 ad 2"><a name="49033"><span class="ref">[49033] IIIª q. 48 a. 4 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
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diff changeset
2027 dicendum quod homo peccando obligatus erat et Deo et Diabolo.
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diff changeset
2028 Quantum enim ad culpam, Deum offenderat, et Diabolo se subdiderat,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2029 ei consentiens. Unde ratione culpae non erat factus servus Dei, sed
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2030 potius, a Dei servitute recedens, Diaboli servitutem incurrerat,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2031 Deo iuste hoc permittente propter offensam in se commissam. Sed
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2032 quantum ad poenam, principaliter homo erat Deo obligatus, sicut
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2033 summo iudici, Diabolo autem tanquam tortori, secundum illud Matth.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2034 V, <i>ne forte tradat te adversarius tuus iudici, et iudex tradat
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2035 te ministro</i>, idest Angelo poenarum crudeli, ut Chrysostomus
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2036 dicit. Quamvis igitur Diabolus iniuste, quantum in ipso erat,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2037 hominem, sua fraude deceptum, sub servitute teneret, et quantum ad
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2038 culpam et quantum ad poenam, iustum tamen erat hoc hominem pati,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2039 Deo hoc permittente quantum ad culpam, et ordinante quantum ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2040 poenam. Et ideo per respectum ad Deum iustitia exigebat quod homo
53
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diff changeset
2041 redimeretur, non autem per respectum ad Diabolum.</p><p title="III q. 48 a. 4 ad 3"><a name="49034"><span class="ref">[49034] IIIª q. 48 a. 4 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2042 dicendum quod, quia redemptio requirebatur ad hominis liberationem
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2043 per respectum ad Deum, non autem per respectum ad Diabolum; non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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diff changeset
2044 erat pretium solvendum Diabolo, sed Deo. Et ideo Christus sanguinem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2045 suum, qui est pretium nostrae redemptionis, non dicitur obtulisse
53
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diff changeset
2046 Diabolo, sed Deo.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 5</h3><p title="III q. 48 a. 5 arg. 1"><a name="49035"><span class="ref">[49035] IIIª q. 48 a. 5 arg. 1</span></a> Ad quintum sic
28
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diff changeset
2047 proceditur. Videtur quod esse redemptorem non sit proprium Christi.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2048 Dicitur enim in Psalmo, <i>redemisti me, domine Deus veritatis</i>.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2049 Sed esse dominum Deum veritatis convenit toti Trinitati. Non ergo
53
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diff changeset
2050 est proprium Christo.</p><p title="III q. 48 a. 5 arg. 2"><a name="49036"><span class="ref">[49036] IIIª q. 48 a. 5 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2051 ille dicitur redimere qui dat pretium redemptionis. Sed Deus pater
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2052 dedit filium suum redemptionem pro peccatis nostris, secundum illud
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2053 Psalmi, <i>redemptionem misit dominus populo suo</i>; Glossa,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2054 <i>idest Christum, qui dat redemptionem captivis</i>. Ergo non
53
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diff changeset
2055 solum Christus, sed etiam Deus pater nos redemit.</p><p title="III q. 48 a. 5 arg. 3"><a name="49037"><span class="ref">[49037] IIIª q. 48 a. 5 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea, non
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2056 solum passio Christi, sed etiam aliorum sanctorum, proficua fuit ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2057 nostram salutem, secundum illud Coloss. I, <i>gaudeo in passionibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2058 pro vobis, et adimpleo ea quae desunt passionum Christi in carne
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2059 mea pro corpore eius</i>, quod est Ecclesia. Ergo non solum
53
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diff changeset
2060 Christus debet dici redemptor, sed etiam alii sancti.</p><p title="III q. 48 a. 5 s. c."><a name="49038"><span class="ref">[49038] IIIª q. 48 a. 5 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2061 quod dicitur Galat. III, <i>Christus nos redemit de maledicto
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2062 legis, factus pro nobis maledictum</i>. Sed solus Christus factus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2063 est pro nobis maledictum. Ergo solus Christus debet dici noster
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
2064 redemptor.</p><p title="III q. 48 a. 5 co."><a name="49039"><span class="ref">[49039] IIIª q. 48 a. 5 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2065 dicendum quod ad hoc quod aliquis redimat, duo requiruntur,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2066 scilicet actus solutionis, et pretium solutum. Si enim aliquis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2067 solvat pro redemptione alicuius rei pretium, si non est suum, sed
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2068 alterius, non dicitur ipse redimere principaliter, sed magis ille
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2069 cuius est pretium. Pretium autem redemptionis nostrae est sanguis
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2070 Christi, vel vita eius corporalis quae est in sanguine, quam ipse
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2071 Christus exsolvit. Unde utrumque istorum ad Christum pertinet
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2072 immediate inquantum est homo, sed ad totam Trinitatem sicut ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2073 causam primam et remotam, cuius erat et ipsa vita Christi sicut
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2074 primi auctoris, et a qua inspiratum fuit ipsi homini Christo ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2075 pateretur pro nobis. Et ideo esse immediate redemptorem est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2076 proprium Christi inquantum est homo, quamvis ipsa redemptio possit
53
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diff changeset
2077 attribui toti Trinitati sicut primae causae.</p><p title="III q. 48 a. 5 ad 1"><a name="49040"><span class="ref">[49040] IIIª q. 48 a. 5 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2078 dicendum quod Glossa sic exponit, <i>tu, Deus veritatis, redemisti
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2079 me in Christo clamante, in manus tuas, domine, commendo spiritum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2080 meum</i>. Et sic redemptio immediate pertinet ad hominem Christum,
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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diff changeset
2081 principaliter autem ad Deum.</p><p title="III q. 48 a. 5 ad 2"><a name="49041"><span class="ref">[49041] IIIª q. 48 a. 5 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
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diff changeset
2082 dicendum quod pretium redemptionis nostrae homo Christus solvit
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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diff changeset
2083 immediate, sed de mandato patris sicut primordialis auctoris.</p><p title="III q. 48 a. 5 ad 3"><a name="49042"><span class="ref">[49042] IIIª q. 48 a. 5 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2084 dicendum quod passiones sanctorum proficiunt Ecclesiae, non quidem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2085 per modum redemptionis, sed per modum exhortationis et exempli,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2086 secundum illud II Cor. I, <i>sive tribulamur pro vestra
53
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diff changeset
2087 exhortatione et salute</i>.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 6</h3><p title="III q. 48 a. 6 arg. 1"><a name="49043"><span class="ref">[49043] IIIª q. 48 a. 6 arg. 1</span></a> Ad sextum sic
28
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diff changeset
2088 proceditur. Videtur quod passio Christi non fuerit operata nostram
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2089 salutem per modum efficientiae. Causa enim efficiens nostrae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2090 salutis est magnitudo divinae virtutis, secundum illud Isaiae LIX,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2091 <i>ecce, non est abbreviata manus eius, ut salvare non possit</i>.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2092 Christus autem crucifixus est ex infirmitate, ut dicitur II Cor.
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diff changeset
2093 XIII. Non ergo passio Christi efficienter operata est salutem
53
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diff changeset
2094 nostram.</p><p title="III q. 48 a. 6 arg. 2"><a name="49044"><span class="ref">[49044] IIIª q. 48 a. 6 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2095 nullum agens corporale efficienter agit nisi per contactum, unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2096 etiam et Christus tangendo mundavit leprosum, <i>ut ostenderet
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2097 carnem suam salutiferam virtutem habere</i>, sicut Chrysostomus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2098 dicit. Sed passio Christi non potuit contingere omnes homines. Ergo
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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diff changeset
2099 non potuit efficienter operari omnium hominum salutem.</p><p title="III q. 48 a. 6 arg. 3"><a name="49045"><span class="ref">[49045] IIIª q. 48 a. 6 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea, non
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2100 videtur eiusdem esse operari per modum meriti, et per modum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2101 efficientiae, quia ille qui meretur, expectat effectum ab alio. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2102 passio Christi operata est nostram salutem per modum meriti. Non
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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diff changeset
2103 ergo per modum efficientiae.</p><p title="III q. 48 a. 6 s. c."><a name="49046"><span class="ref">[49046] IIIª q. 48 a. 6 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2104 quod dicitur I Cor. I, quod <i>verbum crucis his qui salvi fiunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2105 est virtus Dei</i>. Sed virtus Dei efficienter operatur nostram
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2106 salutem. Ergo passio Christi in cruce efficienter operata est
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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diff changeset
2107 nostram salutem.</p><p title="III q. 48 a. 6 co."><a name="49047"><span class="ref">[49047] IIIª q. 48 a. 6 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2108 dicendum quod duplex est efficiens, principale, et instrumentale.
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2109 Efficiens quidem principale humanae salutis Deus est. Quia vero
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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diff changeset
2110 humanitas Christi est divinitatis instrumentum, ut supra dictum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2111 est, ex consequenti omnes actiones et passiones Christi
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2112 instrumentaliter operantur, in virtute divinitatis, ad salutem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2113 humanam. Et secundum hoc, passio Christi efficienter causat salutem
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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diff changeset
2114 humanam.</p><p title="III q. 48 a. 6 ad 1"><a name="49048"><span class="ref">[49048] IIIª q. 48 a. 6 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2115 dicendum quod passio Christi, relata ad Christi carnem, congruit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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diff changeset
2116 infirmitati assumptae, relata vero ad divinitatem, consequitur ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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diff changeset
2117 ea infinitam virtutem, secundum illud I Cor. I, <i>quod infirmum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2118 est Dei, fortius est hominibus</i>; quia scilicet ipsa infirmitas
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2119 Christi, inquantum est Dei, habet virtutem excedentem omnem
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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diff changeset
2120 virtutem humanam.</p><p title="III q. 48 a. 6 ad 2"><a name="49049"><span class="ref">[49049] IIIª q. 48 a. 6 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
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diff changeset
2121 dicendum quod passio Christi, licet sit corporalis, habet tamen
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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diff changeset
2122 spiritualem virtutem ex divinitate unita. Et ideo per spiritualem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2123 contactum efficaciam sortitur, scilicet per fidem et fidei
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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diff changeset
2124 sacramenta, secundum illud apostoli, <i>quem proposuit
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
2125 propitiatorem per fidem in sanguine eius</i>.</p><p title="III q. 48 a. 6 ad 3"><a name="49050"><span class="ref">[49050] IIIª q. 48 a. 6 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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diff changeset
2126 dicendum quod passio Christi, secundum quod comparatur ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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diff changeset
2127 divinitatem eius, agit per modum efficientiae; inquantum vero
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2128 comparatur ad voluntatem animae Christi, agit per modum meriti;
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2129 secundum vero quod consideratur in ipsa carne Christi, agit per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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diff changeset
2130 modum satisfactionis, inquantum per eam liberamur a reatu poenae;
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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diff changeset
2131 per modum vero redemptionis, inquantum per eam liberamur a
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2132 servitute culpae; per modum autem sacrificii, inquantum per eam
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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diff changeset
2133 reconciliamur Deo, ut infra dicetur.</p></div></div><div class="q" id="q49"><h2>Quaestio 49</h2><div class="p"><h3>Prooemium</h3><p title="III q. 49 pr."><a name="49051"><span class="ref">[49051]
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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diff changeset
2134 IIIª q. 49 pr.</span></a> Deinde considerandum est de ipsis
28
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diff changeset
2135 effectibus passionis Christi. Et circa hoc quaeruntur sex. Primo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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diff changeset
2136 utrum per passionem Christi simus liberati a peccato. Secundo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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diff changeset
2137 utrum per eam simus liberati a potestate Diaboli. Tertio, utrum per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2138 eam simus liberati a reatu poenae. Quarto, utrum per eam simus Deo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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diff changeset
2139 reconciliati. Quinto, utrum per eam sit nobis aperta ianua caeli.
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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diff changeset
2140 Sexto, utrum per eam Christus adeptus fuerit exaltationem.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 1</h3><p title="III q. 49 a. 1 arg. 1"><a name="49052"><span class="ref">[49052] IIIª q. 49 a. 1 arg. 1</span></a> Ad primum sic
28
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diff changeset
2141 proceditur. Videtur quod per passionem Christi non simus liberati a
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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diff changeset
2142 peccato. Liberare enim a peccato est proprium Dei secundum illud
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2143 Isaiae XLIII, <i>ego sum qui deleo iniquitates tuas propter me</i>.
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diff changeset
2144 Christus autem non est passus secundum quod Deus, sed secundum quod
53
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diff changeset
2145 homo. Ergo passio Christi non liberavit nos a peccato.</p><p title="III q. 49 a. 1 arg. 2"><a name="49053"><span class="ref">[49053] IIIª q. 49 a. 1 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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diff changeset
2146 corporale non agit in spirituale. Sed passio Christi corporalis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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diff changeset
2147 est, peccatum autem non est nisi in anima, quae est spiritualis
53
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diff changeset
2148 creatura. Ergo passio Christi non potuit nos mundare a peccato.</p><p title="III q. 49 a. 1 arg. 3"><a name="49054"><span class="ref">[49054] IIIª q. 49 a. 1 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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diff changeset
2149 nullus potest liberari a peccato quod nondum commisit, sed quod in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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diff changeset
2150 posterum est commissurus. Cum igitur multa peccata post Christi
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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diff changeset
2151 passionem sint commissa, et tota die committantur, videtur quod per
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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diff changeset
2152 passionem Christi non simus liberati a peccato.</p><p title="III q. 49 a. 1 arg. 4"><a name="49055"><span class="ref">[49055] IIIª q. 49 a. 1 arg. 4</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2153 posita causa sufficienti, nihil aliud requiritur ad effectum
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diff changeset
2154 inducendum. Requiruntur autem adhuc alia ad remissionem peccatorum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2155 scilicet Baptismus et poenitentia. Ergo videtur quod passio Christi
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
2156 non sit sufficiens causa remissionis peccatorum.</p><p title="III q. 49 a. 1 arg. 5"><a name="49056"><span class="ref">[49056] IIIª q. 49 a. 1 arg. 5</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2157 Proverb. X dicitur, <i>universa delicta operit caritas</i>; et XV
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2158 dicitur, <i>per misericordiam et fidem purgantur peccata</i>. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2159 multa sunt alia de quibus habemus fidem, et quae sunt provocativa
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2160 caritatis. Ergo passio Christi non est propria causa remissionis
53
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diff changeset
2161 peccatorum.</p><p title="III q. 49 a. 1 s. c."><a name="49057"><span class="ref">[49057] IIIª q. 49 a. 1 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28
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diff changeset
2162 quod dicitur Apoc. I, <i>dilexit nos, et lavit nos a peccatis
53
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diff changeset
2163 nostris in sanguine suo</i>.</p><p title="III q. 49 a. 1 co."><a name="49058"><span class="ref">[49058] IIIª q. 49 a. 1 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
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diff changeset
2164 dicendum quod passio Christi est propria causa remissionis
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2165 peccatorum, tripliciter. Primo quidem, per modum provocantis ad
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2166 caritatem. Quia, ut apostolus dicit, Rom. V, <i>commendat Deus suam
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2167 caritatem in nobis, quoniam, cum inimici essemus, Christus pro
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2168 nobis mortuus est</i>. Per caritatem autem consequimur veniam
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2169 peccatorum, secundum illud Luc. VII, <i>dimissa sunt ei peccata
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2170 multa, quoniam dilexit multum</i>. Secundo, passio Christi causat
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2171 remissionem peccatorum per modum redemptionis. Quia enim ipse est
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2172 caput nostrum, per passionem suam, quam ex caritate et obedientia
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2173 sustinuit, liberavit nos, tanquam membra sua, a peccatis, quasi per
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2174 pretium suae passionis, sicut si homo per aliquod opus meritorium
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2175 quod manu exerceret, redimeret se a peccato quod pedibus
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2176 commisisset. Sicut enim naturale corpus est unum, ex membrorum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2177 diversitate consistens, ita tota Ecclesia, quae est mysticum corpus
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2178 Christi, computatur quasi una persona cum suo capite, quod est
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2179 Christus. Tertio, per modum efficientiae, inquantum caro, secundum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2180 quam Christus passionem sustinuit, est instrumentum divinitatis, ex
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2181 quo eius passiones et actiones operantur in virtute divina ad
53
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parents: 28
diff changeset
2182 expellendum peccatum.</p><p title="III q. 49 a. 1 ad 1"><a name="49059"><span class="ref">[49059] IIIª q. 49 a. 1 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2183 dicendum quod, licet Christus non sit passus secundum quod Deus,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2184 tamen caro eius est divinitatis instrumentum. Et ex hoc passio eius
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2185 habet quandam divinam virtutem ad expellendum peccatum, ut dictum
53
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diff changeset
2186 est.</p><p title="III q. 49 a. 1 ad 2"><a name="49060"><span class="ref">[49060] IIIª q. 49 a. 1 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2187 dicendum quod passio Christi, licet sit corporalis, sortitur tamen
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2188 quandam spiritualem virtutem ex divinitate, cuius caro ei unita est
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2189 instrumentum. Secundum quam quidem virtutem passio Christi est
53
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diff changeset
2190 causa remissionis peccatorum.</p><p title="III q. 49 a. 1 ad 3"><a name="49061"><span class="ref">[49061] IIIª q. 49 a. 1 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2191 dicendum quod Christus sua passione a peccatis nos liberavit
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2192 causaliter, idest, instituens causam nostrae liberationis, ex qua
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2193 possent quaecumque peccata quandocumque remitti, vel praeterita vel
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2194 praesentia vel futura, sicut si medicus faciat medicinam ex qua
53
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diff changeset
2195 possint etiam quicumque morbi sanari, etiam in futurum.</p><p title="III q. 49 a. 1 ad 4"><a name="49062"><span class="ref">[49062] IIIª q. 49 a. 1 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2196 dicendum quod, quia passio Christi praecessit ut causa quaedam
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2197 universalis remissionis peccatorum, sicut dictum est, necesse est
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2198 quod singulis adhibeatur ad deletionem propriorum peccatorum. Hoc
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2199 autem fit per Baptismum et poenitentiam et alia sacramenta, quae
53
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diff changeset
2200 habent virtutem ex passione Christi, ut infra patebit.</p><p title="III q. 49 a. 1 ad 5"><a name="49063"><span class="ref">[49063] IIIª q. 49 a. 1 ad 5</span></a> Ad quintum
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2201 dicendum quod etiam per fidem applicatur nobis passio Christi ad
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2202 percipiendum fructum ipsius, secundum illud Rom. III, <i>quem
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2203 proposuit Deus propitiatorem per fidem in sanguine eius</i>. Fides
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2204 autem per quam a peccato mundamur, non est fides informis, quae
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2205 potest esse etiam cum peccato, sed est fides formata per caritatem,
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2206 ut sic passio Christi nobis applicetur non solum quantum ad
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2207 intellectum, sed etiam quantum ad affectum. Et per hunc etiam modum
53
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diff changeset
2208 peccata dimittuntur ex virtute passionis Christi.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 2</h3><p title="III q. 49 a. 2 arg. 1"><a name="49064"><span class="ref">[49064] IIIª q. 49 a. 2 arg. 1</span></a> Ad secundum
28
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diff changeset
2209 sic proceditur. Videtur quod per passionem Christi non simus
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2210 liberati a potestate Diaboli. Ille enim non habet potestatem super
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2211 aliquos, in quibus nihil sine permissione alterius facere potest.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2212 Sed Diabolus nunquam potuit aliquid in nocumentum hominum facere
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2213 nisi ex permissione divina, sicut patet Iob I et II quod, potestate
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2214 divinitus accepta, eum primo in rebus, et postea in corpore laesit.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2215 Et similiter Matth. VIII dicitur quod Daemones, nisi Christo
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2216 concedente, non potuerunt porcos intrare. Ergo Diabolus nunquam
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2217 habuit in hominibus potestatem. Et ita per passionem Christi non
53
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diff changeset
2218 sumus a potestate Diaboli liberati.</p><p title="III q. 49 a. 2 arg. 2"><a name="49065"><span class="ref">[49065] IIIª q. 49 a. 2 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2219 Diabolus potestatem suam in hominibus exercet tentando et
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2220 corporaliter vexando. Sed hoc adhuc in hominibus operatur, post
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2221 Christi passionem. Ergo non sumus per passionem Christi ab eius
53
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diff changeset
2222 potestate liberati.</p><p title="III q. 49 a. 2 arg. 3"><a name="49066"><span class="ref">[49066] IIIª q. 49 a. 2 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2223 virtus passionis Christi in perpetuum durat, secundum illud Heb. X,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2224 <i>una oblatione consummavit sanctificatos in sempiternum</i>. Sed
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2225 liberatio a potestate Diaboli nec est ubique, quia in multis
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2226 partibus mundi adhuc sunt idololatrae, nec etiam erit semper, quia
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2227 tempore Antichristi maxime suam potestatem exercebit in hominum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2228 nocumentum, de quo dicitur, II ad Thess. II, quod <i>eius adventus
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2229 erit secundum operationem Satanae in omni virtute et signis et
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2230 prodigiis mendacibus, et in omni seductione iniquitatis</i>. Ergo
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2231 videtur quod passio Christi non sit causa liberationis humani
53
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parents: 28
diff changeset
2232 generis a potestate Diaboli.</p><p title="III q. 49 a. 2 s. c."><a name="49067"><span class="ref">[49067] IIIª q. 49 a. 2 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2233 quod dominus dicit, Ioan. XII, passione imminente, <i>nunc princeps
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2234 huius mundi eiicietur foras, et ego, si exaltatus fuero a terra,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2235 omnia traham ad meipsum</i>. Est autem exaltatus a terra per crucis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2236 passionem. Ergo per eius passionem Diabolus est a potestate hominum
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
2237 eiectus.</p><p title="III q. 49 a. 2 co."><a name="49068"><span class="ref">[49068] IIIª q. 49 a. 2 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2238 dicendum quod circa potestatem quam Diabolus in homines exercebat
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2239 ante Christi passionem, tria sunt consideranda. Primum quidem est
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2240 ex parte hominis, qui suo peccato meruit ut in potestatem
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2241 traderetur Diaboli, per cuius tentationem fuerat superatus. Aliud
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2242 autem est ex parte Dei, quem homo peccando offenderat, qui, per
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2243 suam iustitiam, hominem reliquerat potestati Diaboli. Tertium autem
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2244 est ex parte ipsius Diaboli, qui sua nequissima voluntate hominem a
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2245 consecutione salutis impediebat. Quantum igitur ad primum, homo est
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2246 a potestate Diaboli liberatus per passionem Christi, inquantum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2247 passio Christi est causa remissionis peccatorum, ut dictum est.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2248 Quantum autem ad secundum, dicendum quod passio Christi nos a
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2249 potestate Diaboli liberavit, inquantum nos Deo reconciliavit, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2250 infra dicetur. Quantum vero ad tertium, passio Christi nos a
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2251 Diabolo liberavit, inquantum in passione Christi excessit modum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2252 potestatis sibi traditae a Deo, machinando in mortem Christi, qui
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2253 non habebat meritum mortis, cum esset absque peccato. Unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2254 Augustinus dicit, in XIII de Trin., <i>iustitia Christi Diabolus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2255 victus est, quia, cum in eo nihil morte dignum inveniret, occidit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2256 eum tamen; et utique iustum est ut debitores quos tenebat, liberi
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2257 dimittantur, in eum credentes quem sine ullo debito
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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diff changeset
2258 occidit</i>.</p><p title="III q. 49 a. 2 ad 1"><a name="49069"><span class="ref">[49069] IIIª q. 49 a. 2 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2259 dicendum quod non dicitur sic Diabolus in homines potestatem
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2260 habuisse quasi posset eis nocere Deo non permittente. Sed quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2261 iuste permittebatur nocere hominibus, quos tentando ad suum
53
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parents: 28
diff changeset
2262 consensum perduxerat.</p><p title="III q. 49 a. 2 ad 2"><a name="49070"><span class="ref">[49070] IIIª q. 49 a. 2 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2263 dicendum quod Diabolus etiam nunc quidem potest, Deo permittente,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2264 homines tentare quantum ad animam, et vexare quantum ad corpus, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2265 tamen praeparatum est homini remedium ex passione Christi, quo se
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2266 potest tueri contra hostis impugnationes, ne deducatur in interitum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2267 mortis aeternae. Et quicumque ante passionem Christi Diabolo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2268 resistebant, per fidem passionis Christi hoc facere poterant,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2269 licet, passione Christi nondum peracta, quantum ad aliquid nullus
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2270 potuerit Diaboli manus evadere, ut scilicet non descenderet in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2271 Infernum. A quo, post passionem Christi, se possunt homines eius
53
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parents: 28
diff changeset
2272 virtute tueri.</p><p title="III q. 49 a. 2 ad 3"><a name="49071"><span class="ref">[49071] IIIª q. 49 a. 2 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2273 dicendum quod Deus permittit Diabolo posse decipere homines certis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2274 personis, temporibus et locis, secundum occultam rationem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2275 iudiciorum suorum. Semper tamen per passionem Christi est paratum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2276 hominibus remedium se tuendi contra nequitias Daemonum, etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2277 tempore Antichristi. Sed si aliqui hoc remedio uti negligant, nil
53
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parents: 28
diff changeset
2278 deperit efficaciae passionis Christi.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 3</h3><p title="III q. 49 a. 3 arg. 1"><a name="49072"><span class="ref">[49072] IIIª q. 49 a. 3 arg. 1</span></a> Ad tertium sic
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2279 proceditur. Videtur quod per passionem Christi non fuerunt homines
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2280 liberati a poena peccati. Praecipua enim poena peccati est aeterna
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2281 damnatio. Sed illi qui damnati erant in Inferno pro suis peccatis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2282 non sunt per Christi passionem liberati, quia <i>in Inferno nulla
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2283 est redemptio</i>. Ergo videtur quod passio Christi non liberavit
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
2284 homines a poena.</p><p title="III q. 49 a. 3 arg. 2"><a name="49073"><span class="ref">[49073] IIIª q. 49 a. 3 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2285 illis qui sunt liberati a reatu poenae, non est aliqua poena
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2286 iniungenda. Sed poenitentibus iniungitur poena satisfactoria. Non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2287 ergo per passionem Christi sunt homines liberati a reatu
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2288 poenae.</p><p title="III q. 49 a. 3 arg. 3"><a name="49074"><span class="ref">[49074] IIIª q. 49 a. 3 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2289 mors est poena peccati, secundum illud Rom. VI, stipendia peccati
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2290 mors. Sed adhuc post passionem Christi homines moriuntur. Ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2291 videtur quod per passionem Christi non sumus a reatu poenae
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2292 liberati.</p><p title="III q. 49 a. 3 s. c."><a name="49075"><span class="ref">[49075] IIIª q. 49 a. 3 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2293 quod dicitur Isaiae LIII, <i>vere languores nostros ipse tulit, et
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2294 dolores nostros ipse portavit</i>.</p><p title="III q. 49 a. 3 co."><a name="49076"><span class="ref">[49076] IIIª q. 49 a. 3 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2295 dicendum quod per passionem Christi liberati sumus a reatu poenae
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2296 dupliciter. Uno modo, directe, inquantum scilicet passio Christi
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2297 fuit sufficiens et superabundans satisfactio pro peccatis totius
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2298 humani generis. Exhibita autem satisfactione sufficienti, tollitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2299 reatus poenae. Alio modo, indirecte, inquantum scilicet passio
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2300 Christi est causa remissionis peccati, in quo fundatur reatus
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
2301 poenae.</p><p title="III q. 49 a. 3 ad 1"><a name="49077"><span class="ref">[49077] IIIª q. 49 a. 3 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2302 dicendum quod passio Christi sortitur effectum suum in illis quibus
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2303 applicatur per fidem et caritatem, et per fidei sacramenta. Et ideo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2304 damnati in Inferno, qui praedicto modo passioni Christi non
53
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diff changeset
2305 coniunguntur, effectum eius percipere non possunt.</p><p title="III q. 49 a. 3 ad 2"><a name="49078"><span class="ref">[49078] IIIª q. 49 a. 3 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
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diff changeset
2306 dicendum quod, sicut dictum est, ad hoc quod consequamur effectum
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diff changeset
2307 passionis Christi, oportet nos ei configurari. Configuramur autem
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2308 ei in Baptismo sacramentaliter, secundum illud Rom. VI,
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diff changeset
2309 <i>consepulti sumus ei per Baptismum in mortem</i>. Unde baptizatis
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2310 nulla poena satisfactoria imponitur, quia sunt totaliter liberati
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2311 per satisfactionem Christi. Quia vero <i>Christus semel tantum pro
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2312 peccatis nostris mortuus est</i>, ut dicitur I Pet. III, ideo non
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2313 potest homo secundario configurari morti Christi per sacramentum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2314 Baptismi. Unde oportet quod illi qui post Baptismum peccant,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2315 configurentur Christo patienti per aliquid poenalitatis vel
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2316 passionis quam in seipsis sustineant. Quae tamen multo minor
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diff changeset
2317 sufficit quam esset condigna peccato, cooperante satisfactione
53
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diff changeset
2318 Christi.</p><p title="III q. 49 a. 3 ad 3"><a name="49079"><span class="ref">[49079] IIIª q. 49 a. 3 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
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2319 dicendum quod satisfactio Christi habet effectum in nobis inquantum
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diff changeset
2320 incorporamur ei ut membra capiti, sicut supra dictum est. Membra
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2321 autem oportet capiti esse conformia. Et ideo, sicut Christus primo
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2322 quidem habuit gratiam in anima cum passibilitate corporis, et per
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2323 passionem ad gloriam immortalitatis pervenit; ita et nos, qui sumus
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2324 membra eius, per passionem ipsius liberamur quidem a reatu
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2325 cuiuslibet poenae, ita tamen quod primo recipimus in anima spiritum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2326 adoptionis filiorum, quo adscribimur ad hereditatem gloriae
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2327 immortalitatis, adhuc corpus passibile et mortale habentes;
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2328 postmodum vero, configurati passionibus et morti Christi, in
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2329 gloriam immortalem perducimur; secundum illud apostoli, Rom. VIII,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2330 <i>si filii Dei, et heredes, heredes quidem Dei, coheredes autem
53
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diff changeset
2331 Christi, si tamen compatimur, ut simul glorificemur</i>.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 4</h3><p title="III q. 49 a. 4 arg. 1"><a name="49080"><span class="ref">[49080] IIIª q. 49 a. 4 arg. 1</span></a> Ad quartum sic
28
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diff changeset
2332 proceditur. Videtur quod per passionem Christi non simus Deo
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2333 reconciliati. Reconciliatio enim non habet locum inter amicos. Sed
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2334 Deus semper dilexit nos, secundum illud Sap. XI, <i>diligis omnia
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diff changeset
2335 quae sunt, et nihil odisti eorum quae fecisti</i>. Ergo passio
53
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diff changeset
2336 Christi non reconciliavit nos Deo.</p><p title="III q. 49 a. 4 arg. 2"><a name="49081"><span class="ref">[49081] IIIª q. 49 a. 4 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea, non
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2337 potest idem esse principium et effectus, unde gratia, quae est
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2338 principium merendi, non cadit sub merito. Sed dilectio Dei est
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diff changeset
2339 principium passionis Christi, secundum illud Ioan. III, <i>sic Deus
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2340 dilexit mundum ut filium suum unigenitum daret</i>. Non ergo
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2341 videtur quod per passionem Christi simus reconciliati Deo, ita quod
53
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diff changeset
2342 de novo nos amare inciperet.</p><p title="III q. 49 a. 4 arg. 3"><a name="49082"><span class="ref">[49082] IIIª q. 49 a. 4 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2343 passio Christi impleta est per homines Christum occidentes, qui ex
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2344 hoc graviter Deum offenderunt. Ergo passio Christi magis est causa
53
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diff changeset
2345 indignationis quam reconciliationis Dei.</p><p title="III q. 49 a. 4 s. c."><a name="49083"><span class="ref">[49083] IIIª q. 49 a. 4 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28
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diff changeset
2346 quod apostolus dicit, Rom. V, <i>reconciliati sumus Deo per mortem
53
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diff changeset
2347 filii eius</i>.</p><p title="III q. 49 a. 4 co."><a name="49084"><span class="ref">[49084] IIIª q. 49 a. 4 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2348 dicendum quod passio Christi est causa reconciliationis nostrae ad
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2349 Deum dupliciter. Uno modo, inquantum removet peccatum, per quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2350 homines constituuntur inimici Dei, secundum illud Sap. XIV,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2351 <i>similiter odio sunt Deo impius et impietas eius</i>; et in
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2352 Psalmo, <i>odisti omnes qui operantur iniquitatem</i>. Alio modo,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2353 inquantum est Deo sacrificium acceptissimum. Est enim hoc proprie
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2354 sacrificii effectus, ut per ipsum placetur Deus, sicut cum homo
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2355 offensam in se commissam remittit propter aliquod obsequium
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2356 acceptum quod ei exhibetur. Unde dicitur I Reg. XXVI, <i>si dominus
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2357 incitat te adversum me, odoretur sacrificium</i>. Et similiter
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2358 tantum bonum fuit quod Christus voluntarie passus est, quod propter
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2359 hoc bonum in natura humana inventum, Deus placatus est super omni
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2360 offensa generis humani, quantum ad eos qui Christo passo
53
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diff changeset
2361 coniunguntur secundum modum praemissum.</p><p title="III q. 49 a. 4 ad 1"><a name="49085"><span class="ref">[49085] IIIª q. 49 a. 4 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2362 dicendum quod Deus diligit omnes homines quantum ad naturam, quam
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2363 ipse fecit. Odit tamen eos quantum ad culpam, quam contra eum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2364 homines committunt, secundum illud Eccli. XII, <i>altissimus odio
53
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parents: 28
diff changeset
2365 habet peccatores</i>.</p><p title="III q. 49 a. 4 ad 2"><a name="49086"><span class="ref">[49086] IIIª q. 49 a. 4 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2366 dicendum quod Christus non dicitur quantum ad hoc nos Deo
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2367 reconciliasse, quod de novo nos amare inciperet, cum scriptum sit,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2368 Ierem. XXXI, <i>in caritate perpetua dilexi te</i>. Sed quia per
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diff changeset
2369 passionem Christi est sublata odii causa, tum propter ablutionem
53
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diff changeset
2370 peccati; tum propter recompensationem acceptabilioris boni.</p><p title="III q. 49 a. 4 ad 3"><a name="49087"><span class="ref">[49087] IIIª q. 49 a. 4 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2371 dicendum quod, sicut occisores Christi homines fuerunt, ita et
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2372 Christus occisus. Maior autem fuit caritas Christi patientis quam
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2373 iniquitas occisorum. Et ideo passio Christi magis valuit ad
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2374 reconciliandum Deum toti humano generi, quam ad provocandum
53
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diff changeset
2375 iram.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 5</h3><p title="III q. 49 a. 5 arg. 1"><a name="49088"><span class="ref">[49088] IIIª q. 49 a. 5 arg. 1</span></a> Ad quintum sic
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2376 proceditur. Videtur quod Christus sua passione non aperuerit nobis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2377 ianuam caeli. Dicitur enim Proverb. XI, <i>seminanti iustitiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2378 merces fidelis</i>. Sed merces iustitiae est introitus regni
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2379 caelestis. Ergo videtur quod sancti patres, qui operati sunt opera
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2380 iustitiae, fideliter consecuti essent introitum regni caelestis,
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diff changeset
2381 etiam absque Christi passione. Non ergo passio Christi est causa
53
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diff changeset
2382 apertionis ianuae regni caelestis.</p><p title="III q. 49 a. 5 arg. 2"><a name="49089"><span class="ref">[49089] IIIª q. 49 a. 5 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2383 ante passionem Christi, Elias raptus est in caelum, ut dicitur IV
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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diff changeset
2384 Reg. II. Sed effectus non praecedit causam. Ergo videtur quod
53
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diff changeset
2385 apertio ianuae caelestis non sit effectus passionis Christi.</p><p title="III q. 49 a. 5 arg. 3"><a name="49090"><span class="ref">[49090] IIIª q. 49 a. 5 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2386 sicut legitur Matth. III, Christo baptizato aperti sunt caeli. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2387 Baptismus praecessit passionem. Ergo apertio caeli non est effectus
53
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parents: 28
diff changeset
2388 passionis Christi.</p><p title="III q. 49 a. 5 arg. 4"><a name="49091"><span class="ref">[49091] IIIª q. 49 a. 5 arg. 4</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2389 Mich. II dicitur, <i>ascendit pandens iter ante eos</i>. Sed nihil
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2390 aliud videtur pandere iter caeli quam eius ianuam aperire. Ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2391 videtur quod ianua caeli sit nobis aperta, non per passionem, sed
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
2392 per ascensionem Christi.</p><p title="III q. 49 a. 5 s. c."><a name="49092"><span class="ref">[49092] IIIª q. 49 a. 5 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28
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diff changeset
2393 quod apostolus dicit, Heb. X, <i>habemus fiduciam in introitu
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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diff changeset
2394 sanctorum</i>, scilicet caelestium, in sanguine Christi.</p><p title="III q. 49 a. 5 co."><a name="49093"><span class="ref">[49093] IIIª q. 49 a. 5 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2395 dicendum quod clausio ianuae est obstaculum quoddam prohibens
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2396 homines ab ingressu. Prohibebantur autem homines ab ingressu regni
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2397 caelestis propter peccatum, quia, sicut dicitur Isaiae XXXV, <i>via
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2398 illa sancta vocabitur, et non transibit per eam pollutus</i>. Est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2399 autem duplex peccatum impediens ab ingressu regni caelestis. Unum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2400 quidem commune totius humanae naturae, quod est peccatum primi
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2401 parentis. Et per hoc peccatum praecludebatur homini aditus regni
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2402 caelestis, unde legitur Gen. III quod, post peccatum primi hominis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2403 <i>collocavit Deus Cherubim, et flammeum gladium atque versatilem,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2404 ad custodiendam viam ligni vitae</i>. Aliud autem est peccatum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2405 speciale uniuscuiusque personae, quod per proprium actum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2406 committitur uniuscuiusque hominis. Per passionem autem Christi
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2407 liberati sumus non solum a peccato communi totius humanae naturae,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2408 et quantum ad culpam et quantum ad reatum poenae, ipso solvente
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2409 pretium pro nobis, sed etiam a peccatis propriis singulorum qui
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2410 communicant eius passioni per fidem et caritatem et fidei
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2411 sacramenta. Et ideo per passionem Christi aperta est nobis ianua
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2412 regni caelestis. Et hoc est quod apostolus dicit, Heb. IX, quod
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2413 <i>Christus, assistens pontifex futurorum bonorum, per proprium
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2414 sanguinem introivit semel in sancta, aeterna redemptione
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2415 inventa</i>. Et hoc significatur Num. XXXV, ubi dicitur quod
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2416 homicida manebit ibi, scilicet in civitate refugii, <i>donec
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2417 sacerdos magnus, qui oleo sancto unctus est, moriatur</i>, quo
53
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diff changeset
2418 mortuo, poterit in domum suam redire.</p><p title="III q. 49 a. 5 ad 1"><a name="49094"><span class="ref">[49094] IIIª q. 49 a. 5 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28
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diff changeset
2419 dicendum quod sancti patres, operando opera iustitiae, meruerunt
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diff changeset
2420 introitum regni caelestis per fidem passionis Christi, secundum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2421 illud Heb. XI, <i>sancti per fidem vicerunt regna, operati sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2422 iustitiam</i>, per quam etiam unusquisque a peccato purgabatur
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2423 quantum pertinet ad emundationem propriae personae. Non tamen
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2424 alicuius fides vel iustitia sufficiebat ad removendum impedimentum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2425 quod erat per reatum totius humanae creaturae. Quod quidem remotum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2426 est pretio sanguinis Christi. Et ideo ante passionem Christi nullus
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diff changeset
2427 intrare poterat regnum caeleste, adipiscendo scilicet beatitudinem
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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diff changeset
2428 aeternam, quae consistit in plena Dei fruitione.</p><p title="III q. 49 a. 5 ad 2"><a name="49095"><span class="ref">[49095] IIIª q. 49 a. 5 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
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diff changeset
2429 dicendum quod Elias sublevatus est in caelum aereum, non autem in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2430 caelum Empyreum, qui est locus beatorum. Et similiter nec Henoch,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2431 sed raptus est ad Paradisum terrestrem, ubi cum Elia simul creditur
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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diff changeset
2432 vivere usque ad adventum Antichristi.</p><p title="III q. 49 a. 5 ad 3"><a name="49096"><span class="ref">[49096] IIIª q. 49 a. 5 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
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diff changeset
2433 dicendum quod, sicut supra dictum est, Christo baptizato aperti
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2434 sunt caeli, non propter ipsum Christum, cui semper caelum patuit,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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diff changeset
2435 sed ad significandum quod caelum aperitur baptizatis Baptismo
53
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diff changeset
2436 Christi, qui habet efficaciam ex passione ipsius.</p><p title="III q. 49 a. 5 ad 4"><a name="49097"><span class="ref">[49097] IIIª q. 49 a. 5 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2437 dicendum quod Christus sua passione meruit nobis introitum regni
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2438 caelestis, et impedimentum removit, sed per suam ascensionem nos
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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diff changeset
2439 quasi in possessionem regni caelestis introduxit. Et ideo dicitur
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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diff changeset
2440 quod <i>ascendens pandit iter ante eos</i>.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 6</h3><p title="III q. 49 a. 6 arg. 1"><a name="49098"><span class="ref">[49098] IIIª q. 49 a. 6 arg. 1</span></a> Ad sextum sic
28
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diff changeset
2441 proceditur. Videtur quod Christus per suam passionem non meruit
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2442 exaltari. Sicut enim cognitio veritatis est proprium Deo, ita et
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2443 sublimitas, secundum illud Psalmi, <i>excelsus super omnes gentes
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2444 dominus, et super caelos gloria eius</i>. Sed Christus, secundum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2445 quod homo, habuit cognitionem omnis veritatis non ex aliquo merito
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2446 praecedenti, sed ex ipsa unione Dei et hominis, secundum illud
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2447 Ioan. I, <i>vidimus gloriam eius quasi unigeniti a patre, plenum
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diff changeset
2448 gratiae et veritatis</i>. Ergo neque exaltationem habuit ex merito
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
2449 passionis, sed ex sola unione.</p><p title="III q. 49 a. 6 arg. 2"><a name="49099"><span class="ref">[49099] IIIª q. 49 a. 6 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2450 Christus meruit sibi a primo instanti suae conceptionis, ut supra
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2451 habitum est. Non autem maior caritas fuit in eo tempore passionis
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2452 quam ante. Cum ergo caritas sit merendi principium, videtur quod
53
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diff changeset
2453 non magis meruit per passionem suam exaltationem quam ante.</p><p title="III q. 49 a. 6 arg. 3"><a name="49100"><span class="ref">[49100] IIIª q. 49 a. 6 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2454 gloria corporis resultat ex gloria animae, ut Augustinus dicit, in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2455 epistola ad Dioscorum. Sed Christus per passionem suam non meruit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2456 exaltationem quantum ad gloriam animae, quia anima eius fuit beata
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2457 a primo instanti suae conceptionis. Ergo neque etiam per passionem
53
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diff changeset
2458 meruit exaltationem quantum ad gloriam corporis.</p><p title="III q. 49 a. 6 s. c."><a name="49101"><span class="ref">[49101] IIIª q. 49 a. 6 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2459 quod dicitur Philipp. II, <i>factus est obediens usque ad mortem,
53
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parents: 28
diff changeset
2460 mortem autem crucis, propter quod et Deus exaltavit illum</i>.</p><p title="III q. 49 a. 6 co."><a name="49102"><span class="ref">[49102] IIIª q. 49 a. 6 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2461 dicendum quod meritum importat quandam aequalitatem iustitiae, unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2462 apostolus dicit, <i>ei qui operatur, merces imputatur secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2463 debitum</i>. Cum autem aliquis ex sua iniusta voluntate sibi
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2464 attribuit plus quam debeatur, iustum est ut diminuatur etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2465 quantum ad id quod sibi debebatur, sicut, <i>cum furatur quis unam
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2466 ovem, reddet quatuor</i>, ut dicitur Exod. XXII. Et hoc dicitur
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2467 mereri, inquantum per hoc punitur cuius est iniqua voluntas. Ita
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2468 etiam, cum aliquis sibi ex iusta voluntate subtrahit quod debebat
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2469 habere, meretur ut sibi amplius aliquid superaddatur, quasi merces
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2470 iustae voluntatis. Et inde est quod, sicut dicitur Luc. XIV, <i>qui
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2471 se humiliat, exaltabitur</i>. Christus autem in sua passione
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2472 seipsum humiliavit infra suam dignitatem, quantum ad quatuor. Primo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2473 quidem, quantum ad passionem et mortem, cuius debitor non erat.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2474 Secundo, quantum ad locum, quia corpus eius positum est in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2475 sepulcro, anima in Inferno. Tertio, quantum ad confusionem et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2476 opprobria quae sustinuit. Quarto, quantum ad hoc quod est traditus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2477 humanae potestati, secundum quod ipse dicit Pilato, Ioan. XIX,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2478 <i>non haberes in me potestatem, nisi datum tibi fuisset
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2479 desuper</i>. Et ideo per suam passionem meruit exaltationem quantum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2480 ad quatuor. Primo quidem, quantum ad resurrectionem gloriosam. Unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2481 dicitur in Psalmo, <i>tu cognovisti sessionem meam</i>, idest
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2482 humilitatem meae passionis, <i>et resurrectionem meam</i>. Secundo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2483 quantum ad ascensionem in caelum. Unde dicitur Ephes. IV,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2484 <i>descendit primo in inferiores partes terrae, qui autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2485 descendit, ipse est et qui ascendit super omnes caelos</i>. Tertio,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2486 quantum ad consessum paternae dexterae, et manifestationem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2487 divinitatis ipsius, secundum illud Isaiae LII, <i>exaltabitur et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2488 elevabitur, et sublimis erit valde, sicut obstupuerunt super eum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2489 multi, sic inglorius erit inter viros aspectus eius</i>. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2490 Philipp. II dicitur, <i>factus est obediens usque ad mortem, mortem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2491 autem crucis, propter quod et Deus exaltavit illum, et dedit illi
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2492 nomen quod est super omne nomen</i>, ut scilicet ab omnibus
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2493 nominetur Deus, et omnes sibi reverentiam exhibeant sicut Deo. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2494 hoc est quod subditur, <i>ut in nomine Iesu omne genu flectatur,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2495 caelestium, terrestrium et Infernorum</i>. Quarto, quantum ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2496 iudiciariam potestatem. Dicitur enim Iob XXXVI, <i>causa tua quasi
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
2497 impii iudicata est, iudicium causamque recipies</i>.</p><p title="III q. 49 a. 6 ad 1"><a name="49103"><span class="ref">[49103] IIIª q. 49 a. 6 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2498 dicendum quod principium merendi est ex parte animae, corpus autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2499 est instrumentum meritorii actus. Et ideo perfectio animae Christi,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2500 quae fuit merendi principium, non debuit in eo acquiri per meritum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2501 sicut perfectio corporis, quod fuit passioni subiectum, et per hoc
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
2502 fuit ipsius meriti instrumentum.</p><p title="III q. 49 a. 6 ad 2"><a name="49104"><span class="ref">[49104] IIIª q. 49 a. 6 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2503 dicendum quod per priora merita Christus meruit exaltationem ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2504 parte ipsius animae, cuius voluntas caritate et aliis virtutibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2505 informabatur. Sed in passione meruit suam exaltationem, per modum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2506 cuiusdam recompensationis, etiam ex parte corporis, iustum enim est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2507 ut corpus, quod fuerat ex caritate passioni subiectum, acciperet
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
2508 recompensationem in gloria.</p><p title="III q. 49 a. 6 ad 3"><a name="49105"><span class="ref">[49105] IIIª q. 49 a. 6 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2509 dicendum quod dispensatione quadam factum est in Christo ut gloria
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2510 animae, ante passionem, non redundaret ad corpus, ad hoc quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2511 gloriam corporis honorabilius obtineret, quando eam per passionem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2512 meruisset. Gloriam autem animae differri non conveniebat, quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2513 anima immediate uniebatur verbo, unde decens erat ut gloria
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2514 repleretur ab ipso verbo. Sed corpus uniebatur verbo mediante
53
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parents: 28
diff changeset
2515 anima.</p></div></div><div class="q" id="q50"><h2>Quaestio 50</h2><div class="p"><h3>Prooemium</h3><p title="III q. 50 pr."><a name="49106"><span class="ref">[49106]
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
2516 IIIª q. 50 pr.</span></a> Deinde considerandum est de morte
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2517 Christi. Et circa hoc quaeruntur sex. Primo, utrum conveniens
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2518 fuerit Christum mori. Secundo, utrum per mortem fuerit separata
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2519 unio divinitatis et carnis. Tertio, utrum fuerit separata unio
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2520 divinitatis et animae. Quarto, utrum Christus in triduo mortis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2521 fuerit homo. Quinto, utrum corpus eius fuerit idem numero vivum et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2522 mortuum. Sexto, utrum mors eius aliquid sit operata ad nostram
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
2523 salutem.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 1</h3><p title="III q. 50 a. 1 arg. 1"><a name="49107"><span class="ref">[49107] IIIª q. 50 a. 1 arg. 1</span></a> Ad primum sic
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2524 proceditur. Videtur quod non fuerit conveniens Christum mori. Illud
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2525 enim quod est primum principium in aliquo genere, non disponitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2526 per id quod est contrarium illi generi, sicut ignis, qui est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2527 principium caloris, nunquam potest esse frigidus. Sed filius Dei
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2528 est principium et fons omnis vitae, secundum illud Psalmi, <i>apud
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2529 te est fons vitae</i>. Ergo videtur quod non fuerit conveniens
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2530 Christum mori.</p><p title="III q. 50 a. 1 arg. 2"><a name="49108"><span class="ref">[49108] IIIª q. 50 a. 1 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2531 maior est defectus mortis quam morbi, quia per morbum pervenitur ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2532 mortem. Sed non fuit conveniens Christum aliquo morbo languescere,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2533 ut Chrysostomus dicit. Ergo etiam non fuit conveniens Christum
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
2534 mori.</p><p title="III q. 50 a. 1 arg. 3"><a name="49109"><span class="ref">[49109] IIIª q. 50 a. 1 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2535 dominus dicit, Ioan. X, <i>ego veni ut vitam habeant, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2536 abundantius habeant</i>. Sed oppositum non perducit ad oppositum.
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
2537 Ergo videtur quod non fuit conveniens Christum mori.</p><p title="III q. 50 a. 1 s. c."><a name="49110"><span class="ref">[49110] IIIª q. 50 a. 1 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2538 quod dicitur Ioan. XI, <i>expedit ut moriatur unus homo pro populo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2539 ut non tota gens pereat</i>, quod quidem Caiphas prophetice dixit,
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2540 ut Evangelista testatur.</p><p title="III q. 50 a. 1 co."><a name="49111"><span class="ref">[49111] IIIª q. 50 a. 1 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2541 dicendum quod conveniens fuit Christum mori. Primo quidem, ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2542 satisfaciendum pro humano genere, quod erat morti adiudicatum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2543 propter peccatum, secundum illud Gen. II, <i>quacumque die
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2544 comederitis, morte moriemini</i>. Est autem conveniens
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2545 satisfaciendi pro alio modus cum aliquis se subiicit poenae quam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2546 alius meruit. Et ideo Christus mori voluit, ut, moriendo, pro nobis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2547 satisfaceret, secundum illud I Pet. III, <i>Christus semel pro
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2548 peccatis nostris mortuus est</i>. Secundo, ad ostendendum veritatem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2549 naturae assumptae. Sicut enim Eusebius dicit, <i>si aliter, post
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2550 conversationem cum hominibus, evanescens subito evolaret fugiens
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2551 mortem, ab omnibus compararetur phantasmati</i>. Tertio ut,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2552 moriendo, nos a timore mortis liberaret. Unde dicitur Heb. II, quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2553 <i>communicavit carni et sanguini, ut per mortem destrueret eum qui
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2554 habebat mortis imperium, et liberaret eos qui timore mortis per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2555 totam vitam obnoxii erant servituti</i>. Quarto ut, corporaliter
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2556 moriendo similitudini peccati, idest poenalitati, daret nobis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2557 exemplum moriendi spiritualiter peccato. Unde dicitur Rom. VI,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2558 <i>quod enim mortuus est peccato, mortuus est semel, quod autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2559 vivit, vivit Deo. Ita et vos existimate mortuos esse peccato,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2560 viventes autem Deo</i>. Quinto ut, a mortuis resurgendo, virtutem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2561 suam ostenderet, qua mortem superavit, et nobis spem resurgendi a
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2562 mortuis daret. Unde apostolus dicit, I Cor. XV, <i>si Christus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2563 praedicatur quod resurrexit a mortuis, quomodo quidam in vobis
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2564 dicunt quod resurrectio mortuorum non erit?</i></p><p title="III q. 50 a. 1 ad 1"><a name="49112"><span class="ref">[49112] IIIª q. 50 a. 1 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2565 dicendum quod Christus est fons vitae secundum quod Deus, non autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2566 secundum quod homo. Mortuus autem est non secundum quod Deus, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2567 secundum quod homo. Unde Augustinus dicit, contra Felicianum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2568 <i>absit ut Christus sic senserit mortem ut, quantum est in se
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2569 vita, vitam perdiderit. Si enim hoc ita esset, vitae fons aruisset.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2570 Sensit igitur mortem participatione humani affectus, quem sponte
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2571 susceperat, non naturae suae perdidit potentiam, per quam cuncta
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2572 vivificat</i>.</p><p title="III q. 50 a. 1 ad 2"><a name="49113"><span class="ref">[49113] IIIª q. 50 a. 1 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2573 dicendum quod Christus non sustinuit mortem ex morbo provenientem,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2574 ne videretur ex necessitate mori propter infirmitatem naturae. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2575 sustinuit mortem ab exteriori illatam, cui se spontaneum obtulit,
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2576 ut mors eius voluntaria ostenderetur.</p><p title="III q. 50 a. 1 ad 3"><a name="49114"><span class="ref">[49114] IIIª q. 50 a. 1 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2577 dicendum quod unum oppositorum per se non ducit ad aliud, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2578 quandoque per accidens, sicut frigidum quandoque per accidens
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2579 calefacit. Et hoc modo Christus per suam mortem nos perduxit ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2580 vitam, quia de sua morte mortem nostram destruxit, sicut ille qui
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2581 poenam pro alio sustinet, removet poenam eius.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 2</h3><p title="III q. 50 a. 2 arg. 1"><a name="49115"><span class="ref">[49115] IIIª q. 50 a. 2 arg. 1</span></a> Ad secundum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2582 sic proceditur. Videtur quod in morte Christi fuerit separata
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2583 divinitas a carne. Ut enim dicitur Matth. XXVII, dominus, in cruce
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2584 pendens, clamavit, <i>Deus, Deus meus, ut quid me dereliquisti?</i>
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2585 Quod exponens Ambrosius, dicit, <i>clamat homo separatione
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2586 divinitatis moriturus. Nam, cum divinitas morte libera sit, utique
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2587 mors ibi esse non poterat nisi vita discederet, quia vita divinitas
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2588 est</i>. Et sic videtur quod in morte Christi sit divinitas
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2589 separata a carne.</p><p title="III q. 50 a. 2 arg. 2"><a name="49116"><span class="ref">[49116] IIIª q. 50 a. 2 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2590 remoto medio, separantur extrema. Sed divinitas unita est carni
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2591 mediante anima, ut supra habitum est. Ergo videtur quod cum in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2592 morte Christi anima sit separata a carne, quod per consequens
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2593 divinitas sit a carne separata.</p><p title="III q. 50 a. 2 arg. 3"><a name="49117"><span class="ref">[49117] IIIª q. 50 a. 2 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2594 maior est virtus vivificativa Dei quam animae. Sed corpus mori non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2595 poterat nisi anima separata. Ergo videtur quod multo minus mori
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2596 poterat nisi separata divinitate.</p><p title="III q. 50 a. 2 s. c."><a name="49118"><span class="ref">[49118] IIIª q. 50 a. 2 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra, ea
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2597 quae sunt humanae naturae, non dicuntur de filio Dei nisi ratione
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2598 unionis, ut supra habitum est. Sed de filio Dei dicitur id quod
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2599 convenit corpori Christi post mortem, scilicet esse sepultum, ut
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2600 patet in symbolo fidei, ubi dicitur quod <i>filius Dei conceptus
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2601 est et natus ex virgine, passus, mortuus et sepultus</i>. Ergo
53
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diff changeset
2602 corpus Christi non fuit separatum in morte a divinitate.</p><p title="III q. 50 a. 2 co."><a name="49119"><span class="ref">[49119] IIIª q. 50 a. 2 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2603 dicendum quod id quod per gratiam Dei conceditur, nunquam absque
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2604 culpa revocatur, unde dicitur Rom. XI, quod <i>sine poenitentia
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2605 sunt dona Dei et vocatio</i>. Multo autem maior est gratia unionis,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2606 per quam divinitas unita est carni Christi in persona, quam gratia
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2607 adoptionis, qua alii sanctificantur, et etiam magis permanens ex
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2608 sui ratione, quia haec gratia ordinatur ad unionem personalem,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2609 gratia autem adoptionis ad quandam unionem affectualem. Et tamen
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2610 videmus quod gratia adoptionis nunquam perditur sine culpa. Cum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2611 igitur in Christo nullum fuerit peccatum, impossibile fuit quod
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2612 solveretur unio divinitatis a carne ipsius. Et ideo, sicut ante
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2613 mortem caro Christi unita fuit secundum personam et hypostasim
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2614 verbo Dei, ita et remansit unita post mortem, ut scilicet non esset
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2615 alia hypostasis verbi Dei et carnis Christi post mortem, ut
53
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diff changeset
2616 Damascenus dicit, in III libro.</p><p title="III q. 50 a. 2 ad 1"><a name="49120"><span class="ref">[49120] IIIª q. 50 a. 2 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2617 dicendum quod derelictio illa non est referenda ad solutionem
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2618 unionis personalis, sed ad hoc quod Deus pater eum exposuit
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2619 passioni. Unde derelinquere ibi non est aliud quam non protegere a
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2620 persequentibus. Vel dicit se derelictum quantum ad illam orationem
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2621 qua dixerat, <i>pater, si fieri potest, transeat a me calix
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2622 iste</i>, ut Augustinus exponit, in libro de gratia novi
53
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parents: 28
diff changeset
2623 testamenti.</p><p title="III q. 50 a. 2 ad 2"><a name="49121"><span class="ref">[49121] IIIª q. 50 a. 2 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2624 dicendum quod verbum Dei dicitur esse unitum carni mediante anima,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2625 inquantum caro per animam pertinet ad humanam naturam, quam filius
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2626 Dei assumere intendebat, non autem ita quod anima sit quasi medium
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2627 ligans unita. Habet autem caro ab anima quod pertineat ad humanam
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2628 naturam, etiam postquam anima separatur ab ea, inquantum scilicet
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2629 in carne mortua remanet, ex divina ordinatione, quidam ordo ad
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2630 resurrectionem. Et ideo non tollitur unio divinitatis ad
53
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parents: 28
diff changeset
2631 carnem.</p><p title="III q. 50 a. 2 ad 3"><a name="49122"><span class="ref">[49122] IIIª q. 50 a. 2 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2632 dicendum quod anima habet vim vivificandi formaliter. Et ideo, ea
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2633 praesente et unita formaliter, necesse est corpus esse vivum.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2634 Divinitas autem non habet vim vivificandi formaliter, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2635 effective, non enim potest esse corporis forma. Et ideo non est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2636 necesse quod, manente unione divinitatis ad carnem, caro sit viva,
53
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diff changeset
2637 quia Deus non ex necessitate agit, sed ex voluntate.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 3</h3><p title="III q. 50 a. 3 arg. 1"><a name="49123"><span class="ref">[49123] IIIª q. 50 a. 3 arg. 1</span></a> Ad tertium sic
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2638 proceditur. Videtur quod in morte Christi fuerit separatio
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2639 divinitatis ab anima. Dicit enim dominus, Ioan. X, <i>nemo tollit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2640 animam meam a me, sed ego pono eam, et iterum sumo eam</i>. Non
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2641 autem videtur quod corpus animam ponere possit, eam a se separando,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2642 quia anima non subiicitur potestati corporis, sed potius e
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2643 converso. Et sic videtur quod Christo secundum quod est verbum Dei,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2644 conveniat animam suam ponere. Hoc autem est eam a se separare. Ergo
53
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parents: 28
diff changeset
2645 per mortem anima eius fuit a divinitate separata.</p><p title="III q. 50 a. 3 arg. 2"><a name="49124"><span class="ref">[49124] IIIª q. 50 a. 3 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2646 Athanasius dicit <i>maledictum qui totum hominem quem assumpsit Dei
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2647 filius, denuo assumptum vel liberatum, tertia die a mortuis
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2648 resurrexisse non confitetur</i>. Sed non potuit totus homo denuo
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2649 assumi, nisi aliquando fuerit totus homo a Dei verbo separatus.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2650 Totus autem homo componitur ex anima et corpore. Ergo aliquando
53
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parents: 28
diff changeset
2651 fuit facta separatio divinitatis et a corpore et ab anima.</p><p title="III q. 50 a. 3 arg. 3"><a name="49125"><span class="ref">[49125] IIIª q. 50 a. 3 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2652 propter unionem ad totum hominem filius Dei vere dicitur homo. Si
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2653 igitur, soluta unione animae et corporis per mortem, verbum Dei
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2654 remansit unitum animae, sequeretur quod vere dici potuisset filium
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2655 Dei esse animam. Hoc autem est falsum, quia, cum anima sit forma
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2656 corporis, sequeretur quod verbum Dei fuerit corporis forma, quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2657 est impossibile. Ergo in morte Christi anima fuit a verbo Dei
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
2658 separata.</p><p title="III q. 50 a. 3 arg. 4"><a name="49126"><span class="ref">[49126] IIIª q. 50 a. 3 arg. 4</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2659 anima et corpus, ab invicem separata, non sunt una hypostasis, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2660 duae. Si igitur verbum Dei remansit unitum tam animae quam corpori
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2661 Christi, separatis eis ab invicem per mortem Christi, videtur sequi
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2662 quod verbum Dei, durante morte Christi, fuerit duae hypostases.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2663 Quod est inconveniens. Non ergo post mortem Christi remansit anima
53
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parents: 28
diff changeset
2664 verbo unita.</p><p title="III q. 50 a. 3 s. c."><a name="49127"><span class="ref">[49127] IIIª q. 50 a. 3 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2665 quod dicit Damascenus, in III libro, <i>etsi Christus mortuus est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2666 ut homo, et sancta eius anima ab incontaminato divisa est corpore;
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2667 sed divinitas inseparabilis ab utrisque permansit, ab anima dico et
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
2668 corpore</i>.</p><p title="III q. 50 a. 3 co."><a name="49128"><span class="ref">[49128] IIIª q. 50 a. 3 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2669 dicendum quod anima unita est verbo Dei immediatius et per prius
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2670 quam corpus, cum corpus unitum sit verbo Dei mediante anima, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2671 supra dictum est. Cum igitur verbum Dei non sit separatum in morte
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2672 a corpore, multo minus separatum est ab anima. Unde, sicut de filio
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2673 Dei praedicatur id quod convenit corpori ab anima separato,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2674 scilicet esse sepultum; ita de eo in symbolo dicitur quod descendit
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2675 ad Inferos, quia anima eius, a corpore separata, descendit ad
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2676 Inferos.</p><p title="III q. 50 a. 3 ad 1"><a name="49129"><span class="ref">[49129] IIIª q. 50 a. 3 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2677 dicendum quod Augustinus, exponens illud verbum Ioannis, inquirit,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2678 <i>cum Christus sit verbum et anima et caro, utrum ex eo quod est
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2679 verbum, ponat animam; an ex eo quod est anima; an iterum ex eo quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2680 est caro</i>. Et dicit quod, <i>si dixerimus quod verbum Dei animam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2681 posuit, sequeretur quod aliquando anima illa separata est a verbo.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2682 Quod est falsum. Mors enim corpus ab anima separavit, a verbo autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2683 animam separatam non dico. Si vero dixerimus quod anima ipsa se
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2684 ponat, sequitur quod ipsa a se separatur. Quod est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2685 absurdissimum</i>. Relinquitur ergo quod ipsa caro animam suam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2686 ponit et iterum eam <i>sumit, non potestate sua, sed potestate
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2687 verbi inhabitantis carnem</i>, quia, sicut supra dictum est, per
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
2688 mortem non est separata divinitas verbi a carne.</p><p title="III q. 50 a. 3 ad 2"><a name="49130"><span class="ref">[49130] IIIª q. 50 a. 3 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2689 dicendum quod in verbis illis Athanasius non intellexit quod totus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2690 homo denuo sit assumptus, idest, omnes partes eius, quasi verbum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2691 Dei partes humanae naturae deposuerit per mortem. Sed quod iterato
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2692 totalitas naturae assumptae sit in resurrectione redintegrata per
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2693 iteratam unionem animae et corporis.</p><p title="III q. 50 a. 3 ad 3"><a name="49131"><span class="ref">[49131] IIIª q. 50 a. 3 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2694 dicendum quod verbum Dei, propter unionem humanae naturae, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2695 dicitur humana natura, sed dicitur homo, quod est habens humanam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2696 naturam. Anima autem et corpus sunt partes essentiales humanae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2697 naturae. Unde propter unionem verbi ad utrumque eorum non sequitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2698 quod verbum Dei sit anima vel corpus, sed quod est habens animam
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2699 vel corpus.</p><p title="III q. 50 a. 3 ad 4"><a name="49132"><span class="ref">[49132] IIIª q. 50 a. 3 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2700 dicendum quod, sicut Damascenus dicit, in III libro, <i>quod in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2701 morte Christi est separata anima a carne, non est una hypostasis in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2702 duas hypostases divisa. Et corpus enim et anima secundum idem ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2703 principio in verbi hypostasi habuerunt existentiam, et in morte,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2704 invicem divisa, singula eorum manserunt unam hypostasim verbi
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2705 habens. Quare una verbi hypostasis verbi et animae et corporis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2706 exstitit hypostasis. Nunquam enim neque anima neque corpus propriam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2707 habuerunt hypostasim, praeter verbi hypostasim. Una enim semper
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
2708 verbi hypostasis, et nunquam duae</i>.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 4</h3><p title="III q. 50 a. 4 arg. 1"><a name="49133"><span class="ref">[49133] IIIª q. 50 a. 4 arg. 1</span></a> Ad quartum sic
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2709 proceditur. Videtur quod Christus in triduo mortis fuerit homo.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2710 Dicit enim Augustinus, in I de Trin., <i>talis erat illa susceptio,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2711 quae Deum hominem faceret et hominem Deum</i>. Sed illa susceptio
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2712 non cessavit per mortem. Ergo videtur quod per mortem non desiit
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2713 esse homo.</p><p title="III q. 50 a. 4 arg. 2"><a name="49134"><span class="ref">[49134] IIIª q. 50 a. 4 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2714 philosophus dicit, in IX Ethic., quod <i>unusquisque homo est suus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2715 intellectus</i>. Unde et, post mortem animam Petri alloquentes,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2716 dicimus, <i>sancte Petre, ora pro nobis</i>. Sed post mortem filius
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2717 Dei non fuit separatus ab anima intellectuali. Ergo in illo triduo
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
2718 filius Dei fuit homo.</p><p title="III q. 50 a. 4 arg. 3"><a name="49135"><span class="ref">[49135] IIIª q. 50 a. 4 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2719 omnis sacerdos est homo. Sed in illo triduo mortis Christus fuit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2720 sacerdos, aliter enim non verum esset quod dicitur in Psalmo, <i>tu
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2721 es sacerdos in aeternum</i>. Ergo Christus in illo triduo fuit
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
2722 homo.</p><p title="III q. 50 a. 4 s. c."><a name="49136"><span class="ref">[49136] IIIª q. 50 a. 4 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2723 remoto superiori, removetur inferius. Sed vivum, sive animatum, est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2724 superius ad animal et ad hominem, nam animal est substantia animata
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2725 sensibilis. Sed in illo triduo mortis corpus Christi non fuit vivum
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
2726 neque animatum. Ergo non fuit homo.</p><p title="III q. 50 a. 4 co."><a name="49137"><span class="ref">[49137] IIIª q. 50 a. 4 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2727 dicendum quod Christum vere fuisse mortuum est articulus fidei.
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2728 Unde asserere omne id per quod tollitur veritas mortis Christi, est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2729 error contra fidem. Propter quod in epistola synodali Cyrilli
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2730 dicitur, <i>si quis non confitetur Dei verbum passum carne, et
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2731 crucifixum carne, et quod mortem gustavit carne, anathema sit</i>.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2732 Pertinet autem ad veritatem mortis hominis vel animalis quod per
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2733 mortem desinat esse homo vel animal, mors enim hominis vel animalis
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2734 provenit ex separatione animae, quae complet rationem animalis vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2735 hominis. Et ideo dicere Christum in triduo mortis hominem fuisse,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2736 simpliciter et absolute loquendo, erroneum est. Potest tamen dici
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2737 quod Christus in triduo fuit homo mortuus. Quidam tamen confessi
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2738 sunt Christum in triduo hominem fuisse, dicentes quidem verba
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2739 erronea, sed sensum erroris non habentes in fide, sicut Hugo de
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2740 sancto Victore, qui ea ratione dixit Christum in triduo mortis
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2741 fuisse hominem, quia dicebat animam esse hominem. Quod tamen est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2742 falsum, ut in prima parte ostensum est. Magister etiam
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2743 sententiarum, in XXII distinctione III libri, posuit quod Christus
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2744 in triduo mortis fuit homo, alia ratione, quia credidit quod unio
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2745 animae et carnis non esset de ratione hominis, sed sufficit ad hoc
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2746 quod aliquid sit homo, quod habeat animam humanam et corpus, sive
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2747 coniuncta sive non coniuncta. Quod etiam patet esse falsum ex his
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2748 quae dicta sunt in prima parte, et ex his quae dicta sunt circa
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
2749 modum unionis.</p><p title="III q. 50 a. 4 ad 1"><a name="49138"><span class="ref">[49138] IIIª q. 50 a. 4 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2750 dicendum quod verbum Dei suscepit animam et carnem unitam, et ideo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2751 illa susceptio fecit Deum hominem et hominem Deum. Non autem
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2752 cessavit illa susceptio per separationem verbi ab anima vel a
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
2753 carne, cessavit tamen unio carnis et animae.</p><p title="III q. 50 a. 4 ad 2"><a name="49139"><span class="ref">[49139] IIIª q. 50 a. 4 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2754 dicendum quod homo dicitur esse suus intellectus, non quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2755 intellectus sit totus homo, sed quia intellectus est principalior
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2756 pars hominis, in quo virtualiter existit tota dispositio hominis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2757 sicut si rector civitatis dicatur tota civitas, quia in eo
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
2758 consistit tota dispositio civitatis.</p><p title="III q. 50 a. 4 ad 3"><a name="49140"><span class="ref">[49140] IIIª q. 50 a. 4 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2759 dicendum quod esse sacerdotem convenit homini ratione animae, in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2760 qua est ordinis character. Unde per mortem homo non perdit ordinem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2761 sacerdotalem. Et multo minus Christus, qui est totius sacerdotii
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
2762 origo.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 5</h3><p title="III q. 50 a. 5 arg. 1"><a name="49141"><span class="ref">[49141] IIIª q. 50 a. 5 arg. 1</span></a> Ad quintum sic
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2763 proceditur. Videtur quod non fuit idem numero corpus Christi
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2764 viventis et mortui. Christus enim vere mortuus fuit, sicut et alii
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2765 homines moriuntur. Sed corpus cuiuscumque alterius hominis non est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2766 simpliciter idem numero mortuum et vivum quia differunt essentiali
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2767 differentia. Ergo neque corpus Christi est idem numero mortuum et
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
2768 vivum simpliciter.</p><p title="III q. 50 a. 5 arg. 2"><a name="49142"><span class="ref">[49142] IIIª q. 50 a. 5 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2769 secundum philosophum, in V Metaphys., quaecumque sunt diversa
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2770 specie, sunt diversa etiam numero. Sed corpus Christi vivum et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2771 mortuum fuit diversum specie, quia non dicitur oculus aut caro
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2772 mortui nisi aequivoce, ut patet per philosophum, et in II de anima
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2773 et VII Metaphys. Ergo corpus Christi non fuit simpliciter idem
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2774 numero vivum et mortuum.</p><p title="III q. 50 a. 5 arg. 3"><a name="49143"><span class="ref">[49143] IIIª q. 50 a. 5 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2775 mors est corruptio quaedam. Sed illud quod corrumpitur corruptione
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2776 substantiali, postquam corruptum est, iam non est, quia corruptio
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2777 est mutatio de esse in non esse. Corpus igitur Christi, postquam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2778 mortuum fuit, non remansit idem numero, cum mors sit substantialis
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2779 corruptio.</p><p title="III q. 50 a. 5 s. c."><a name="49144"><span class="ref">[49144] IIIª q. 50 a. 5 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2780 quod Athanasius dicit, in epistola ad Epictetum, <i>circumciso
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2781 corpore, et potato et manducante et laborante, et in ligno affixo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2782 erat impassibile et incorporeum Dei verbum, hoc erat in sepulcro
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2783 positum</i>. Sed corpus Christi vivum fuit circumcisum et in ligno
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2784 affixum, corpus autem Christi mortuum fuit positum in sepulcro.
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2785 Ergo hoc idem corpus quod fuit vivum, fuit et mortuum.</p><p title="III q. 50 a. 5 co."><a name="49145"><span class="ref">[49145] IIIª q. 50 a. 5 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2786 dicendum quod hoc quod dico simpliciter, potest dupliciter accipi.
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2787 Uno modo, quod simpliciter idem est quod absolute, sicut
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2788 <i>simpliciter dicitur quod nullo addito dicitur</i>, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2789 philosophus dicit. Et hoc modo corpus Christi mortuum et vivum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2790 simpliciter fuit idem numero. Dicitur enim aliquid esse idem numero
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2791 simpliciter, quia est supposito idem. Corpus autem Christi vivum et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2792 mortuum fuit supposito idem, quia non habuit aliam hypostasim vivum
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2793 et mortuum, praeter hypostasim Dei verbi, ut supra dictum est. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2794 hoc modo loquitur Athanasius in auctoritate inducta. Alio modo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2795 simpliciter idem est quod omnino vel totaliter. Et sic corpus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2796 Christi mortuum et vivum non fuit simpliciter idem numero. Quia non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2797 fuit totaliter idem, cum vita sit aliquid de essentia corporis
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2798 viventis, est enim praedicatum essentiale, non accidentale; unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2799 consequens est quod corpus quod desinit esse vivum, non totaliter
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2800 idem remaneat. Si autem diceretur quod corpus Christi mortuum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2801 totaliter idem remaneret, sequeretur quod non esset corruptum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2802 corruptione dico mortis. Quod est haeresis Gaianitarum, ut Isidorus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2803 dicit, et habetur in decretis, XXIV, qu. III. Et Damascenus dicit,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2804 in III libro quod <i>corruptionis nomen duo significat, uno modo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2805 separationem animae a corpore, et alia huiusmodi; alio modo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2806 perfectam dissolutionem in elementa. Ergo incorruptibile dicere
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2807 corpus domini, secundum Iulianum et Gaianum, secundum primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2808 corruptionis modum, ante resurrectionem, est impium, quia corpus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2809 Christi non esset consubstantiale nobis; nec in veritate mortuum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2810 esset; nec secundum veritatem salvati essemus. Secundo autem modo,
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2811 corpus Christi fuit incorruptum</i>.</p><p title="III q. 50 a. 5 ad 1"><a name="49146"><span class="ref">[49146] IIIª q. 50 a. 5 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2812 dicendum quod corpus mortuum cuiuscumque alterius hominis non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2813 remanet unitum alicui hypostasi permanenti, sicut corpus mortuum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2814 Christi. Et ideo corpus mortuum cuiuscumque alterius hominis non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2815 est idem simpliciter, sed secundum quid, quia est idem secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2816 materiam, non autem idem secundum formam. Corpus autem Christi
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2817 remanet idem simpliciter, propter identitatem suppositi, ut dictum
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2818 est.</p><p title="III q. 50 a. 5 ad 2"><a name="49147"><span class="ref">[49147] IIIª q. 50 a. 5 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2819 dicendum quod, quia idem numero dicitur aliquid secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2820 suppositum, idem autem specie est idem secundum formam, ubicumque
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2821 suppositum subsistit in una sola natura, oportet quod, sublata
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2822 unitate speciei, auferatur unitas numeralis. Sed hypostasis verbi
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2823 Dei subsistit in duabus naturis. Et ideo, quamvis in aliis non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2824 remaneat corpus idem secundum speciem humanae naturae, remanet
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2825 tamen in Christo idem numero secundum suppositum verbi Dei.</p><p title="III q. 50 a. 5 ad 3"><a name="49148"><span class="ref">[49148] IIIª q. 50 a. 5 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2826 dicendum quod corruptio et mors non competit Christo ratione
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2827 suppositi, secundum quod suppositum attenditur unitas numeralis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2828 sed ratione naturae humanae, secundum quam invenitur in corpore
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2829 Christi differentia mortis et vitae.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 6</h3><p title="III q. 50 a. 6 arg. 1"><a name="49149"><span class="ref">[49149] IIIª q. 50 a. 6 arg. 1</span></a> Ad sextum sic
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2830 proceditur. Videtur quod mors Christi nihil operata fuerit ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2831 nostram salutem. Mors enim est privatio quaedam, est enim privatio
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2832 vitae. Sed privatio, cum non sit res aliqua, non habet aliquam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2833 virtutem agendi. Ergo non potuit aliquid operari ad nostram
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2834 salutem.</p><p title="III q. 50 a. 6 arg. 2"><a name="49150"><span class="ref">[49150] IIIª q. 50 a. 6 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2835 passio Christi operata est ad nostram salutem per modum meriti. Sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2836 autem non potuit operari mors Christi, nam in morte separatur anima
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2837 a corpore, quae est merendi principium. Ergo mors Christi non est
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2838 operata aliquid ad nostram salutem.</p><p title="III q. 50 a. 6 arg. 3"><a name="49151"><span class="ref">[49151] IIIª q. 50 a. 6 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2839 corporale non est causa spiritualis. Sed mors Christi fuit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2840 corporalis. Non ergo potuit esse causa spiritualis nostrae
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2841 salutis.</p><p title="III q. 50 a. 6 s. c."><a name="49152"><span class="ref">[49152] IIIª q. 50 a. 6 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2842 quod Augustinus dicit, in IV de Trin., una mors nostri salvatoris,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2843 scilicet corporalis, duabus mortibus nostris, idest animae et
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2844 corporis, saluti fuit.</p><p title="III q. 50 a. 6 co."><a name="49153"><span class="ref">[49153] IIIª q. 50 a. 6 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2845 dicendum quod de morte Christi dupliciter loqui possumus, uno modo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2846 secundum quod est in fieri; alio modo, secundum quod est in facto
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2847 esse. Dicitur autem mors esse in fieri, quando aliquis per aliquam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2848 passionem, vel naturalem vel violentam, tendit in mortem. Et hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2849 modo, idem est loqui de morte Christi et de passione ipsius. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2850 ita, secundum hunc modum, mors Christi est causa salutis nostrae,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2851 secundum illud quod de passione supra dictum est. Sed in facto esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2852 mors consideratur secundum quod iam facta est separatio corporis et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2853 animae. Et sic nunc loquimur de morte Christi. Hoc autem modo mors
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2854 Christi non potest esse causa salutis nostrae per modum meriti, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2855 solum per modum efficientiae, inquantum scilicet nec per mortem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2856 divinitas separata est a carne Christi, et ideo quidquid contigit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2857 circa carnem Christi, etiam anima separata, fuit nobis salutiferum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2858 virtute divinitatis unitae. Consideratur autem proprie alicuius
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2859 causae effectus secundum similitudinem causae. Unde, quia mors est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2860 quaedam privatio vitae propriae, effectus mortis Christi attenditur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2861 circa remotionem eorum quae contrariantur nostrae saluti, quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2862 quidem sunt mors animae et mors corporis. Et ideo per mortem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2863 Christi dicitur esse destructa in nobis et mors animae, quae est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2864 per peccatum, secundum illud Rom. IV, traditus est, scilicet in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2865 mortem, propter delicta nostra; et mors corporis, quae consistit in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2866 separatione animae, secundum illud I Cor. XV, <i>absorpta est mors
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2867 in victoria</i>.</p><p title="III q. 50 a. 6 ad 1"><a name="49154"><span class="ref">[49154] IIIª q. 50 a. 6 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2868 dicendum quod mors Christi est operata salutem nostram ex virtute
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2869 divinitatis unitae, et non ex sola ratione mortis.</p><p title="III q. 50 a. 6 ad 2"><a name="49155"><span class="ref">[49155] IIIª q. 50 a. 6 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2870 dicendum quod mors Christi, secundum quod consideratur in facto
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2871 esse, etsi non fuerit ad nostram salutem operata per modum meriti,
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2872 fuit tamen operata per modum efficientiae, ut dictum est.</p><p title="III q. 50 a. 6 ad 3"><a name="49156"><span class="ref">[49156] IIIª q. 50 a. 6 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2873 dicendum quod mors Christi fuit quidem corporalis, sed corpus illud
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2874 fuit instrumentum divinitatis sibi unitae, operans in virtute eius
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2875 etiam mortuum.</p></div></div><div class="q" id="q51"><h2>Quaestio 51</h2><div class="p"><h3>Prooemium</h3><p title="III q. 51 pr."><a name="49157"><span class="ref">[49157]
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2876 IIIª q. 51 pr.</span></a> Deinde considerandum est de
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2877 sepultura Christi. Et circa hoc quaeruntur quatuor. Primo, utrum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2878 conveniens fuerit Christum sepeliri. Secundo, de modo sepulturae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2879 eius. Tertio, utrum corpus eius fuerit in sepulcro resolutum.
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2880 Quarto, de tempore quo iacuit in sepulcro.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 1</h3><p title="III q. 51 a. 1 arg. 1"><a name="49158"><span class="ref">[49158] IIIª q. 51 a. 1 arg. 1</span></a> Ad primum sic
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2881 proceditur. Videtur quod non fuerit conveniens Christum sepeliri.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2882 De Christo enim dicitur in Psalmo, <i>factus est sicut homo sine
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2883 adiutorio, inter mortuos liber</i>. Sed in sepulcro includuntur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2884 corpora mortuorum, quod videtur libertati esse contrarium. Ergo non
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2885 videtur fuisse conveniens quod corpus Christi sepeliretur.</p><p title="III q. 51 a. 1 arg. 2"><a name="49159"><span class="ref">[49159] IIIª q. 51 a. 1 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2886 nihil circa Christum fieri debuit quod non esset salutiferum nobis.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2887 Sed in nullo videtur ad salutem hominum pertinere quod Christus
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2888 fuit sepultus. Ergo non fuit conveniens Christum sepeliri.</p><p title="III q. 51 a. 1 arg. 3"><a name="49160"><span class="ref">[49160] IIIª q. 51 a. 1 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2889 inconveniens esse videtur quod Deus, qui est super caelos excelsos,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2890 in terra sepeliretur. Sed illud quod convenit corpori Christi
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2891 mortuo, attribuitur Deo, ratione unionis. Ergo inconveniens videtur
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
2892 Christum fuisse sepultum.</p><p title="III q. 51 a. 1 s. c."><a name="49161"><span class="ref">[49161] IIIª q. 51 a. 1 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2893 quod dominus dicit, Matth. XXVI, de muliere quae eum inunxit,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2894 <i>opus bonum operata est in me</i>, et postea subdit, <i>mittens
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
2895 unguentum hoc in corpus meum, ad sepeliendum me fecit</i>.</p><p title="III q. 51 a. 1 co."><a name="49162"><span class="ref">[49162] IIIª q. 51 a. 1 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2896 dicendum quod conveniens fuit Christum sepeliri. Primo quidem, ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2897 comprobandum veritatem mortis, non enim aliquis in sepulcro
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2898 ponitur, nisi quando iam de veritate mortis constat. Unde et Marci
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2899 XV legitur quod Pilatus, antequam concederet Christum sepeliri,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2900 diligenti inquisitione cognovit eum mortuum esse. Secundo, quia per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2901 hoc quod Christus de sepulcro resurrexit, datur spes resurgendi per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2902 ipsum his qui sunt in sepulcro, secundum illud Ioan. V, <i>omnes
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2903 qui in monumentis sunt, audient vocem filii Dei, et qui audierint,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2904 vivent</i>. Tertio, ad exemplum eorum qui per mortem Christi
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2905 spiritualiter moriuntur peccatis, qui scilicet absconduntur a
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2906 conturbatione hominum. Unde dicitur Coloss. III, <i>mortui estis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2907 et vita vestra abscondita est cum Christo in Deo</i>. Unde et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2908 baptizati, qui per mortem Christi moriuntur peccatis, quasi
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2909 consepeliuntur Christo per immersionem, secundum illud Rom. VI,
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
2910 <i>consepulti sumus cum Christo per Baptismum in mortem</i>.</p><p title="III q. 51 a. 1 ad 1"><a name="49163"><span class="ref">[49163] IIIª q. 51 a. 1 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2911 dicendum quod Christus etiam sepultus ostendit se inter mortuos
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2912 liberum fuisse, in hoc quod per inclusionem sepulcri non potuit
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
2913 impediri quin ab eo resurgendo exiverit.</p><p title="III q. 51 a. 1 ad 2"><a name="49164"><span class="ref">[49164] IIIª q. 51 a. 1 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2914 dicendum quod, sicut Christi mors efficienter operata est nostram
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2915 salutem, ita etiam et eius sepultura. Unde Hieronymus dicit, super
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2916 Marc., <i>sepultura Christi resurgimus</i>. Et Isaiae LIII, super
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2917 illud, <i>dabit impios pro sepultura</i>, dicit Glossa, <i>idest,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2918 gentes, quae sine pietate erant, Deo patrique dabit, quia mortuus
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
2919 et sepultus eos acquisivit</i>.</p><p title="III q. 51 a. 1 ad 3"><a name="49165"><span class="ref">[49165] IIIª q. 51 a. 1 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2920 dicendum quod, sicut dicitur in quodam sermone Concilii Ephesini,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2921 <i>nihil horum quae salvant homines, iniuriam Deo facit, quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2922 ostendunt eum, non passibilem, sed clementem</i>. Et in alio
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2923 sermone eiusdem Concilii legitur, <i>nihil putat iniuriam Deus quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2924 est occasio salutis hominibus. Tu quidem non ita vilem Dei naturam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2925 arbitreris, tanquam quae aliquando subiecta possit esse
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2926 iniuriis</i>.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 2</h3><p title="III q. 51 a. 2 arg. 1"><a name="49166"><span class="ref">[49166] IIIª q. 51 a. 2 arg. 1</span></a> Ad secundum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2927 sic proceditur. Videtur non convenienti modo Christum fuisse
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2928 sepultum. Sepultura enim eius respondet morti ipsius. Sed Christus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2929 fuit passus mortem abiectissimam, secundum illud Sap. II, <i>morte
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2930 turpissima condemnemus eum</i>. Ergo inconveniens videtur fuisse
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2931 quod Christo exhibita fuit honorabilis sepultura, inquantum a
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2932 magnatibus fuit tumulatus, scilicet a Ioseph ab Arimathaea, qui
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2933 erat nobilis decurio, ut habetur Marci XV, et a Nicodemo, qui erat
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
2934 princeps Iudaeorum, ut habetur Ioan. III.</p><p title="III q. 51 a. 2 arg. 2"><a name="49167"><span class="ref">[49167] IIIª q. 51 a. 2 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2935 circa Christum non debuit aliquid fieri quod esset superfluitatis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2936 exemplum. Videtur autem superfluitatis fuisse quod ad sepeliendum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2937 Christum <i>Nicodemus venit ferens mixturam myrrhae et aloes quasi
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2938 libras centum</i>, ut dicitur Ioan. XIX, <i>praesertim cum mulier
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2939 praevenerit corpus eius ungere in sepulturam</i>, ut dicitur Marci
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
2940 XIV. Non ergo fuit hoc convenienter circa Christum factum.</p><p title="III q. 51 a. 2 arg. 3"><a name="49168"><span class="ref">[49168] IIIª q. 51 a. 2 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea, non
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2941 est conveniens ut aliquod factum sibi ipsi dissonum sit. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2942 sepultura Christi fuit simplex ex una parte, quia scilicet
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2943 <i>Ioseph involvit corpus eius in sindone munda</i>, ut dicitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2944 Matth. XXVII, non autem auro aut gemmis aut serico, ut Hieronymus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2945 ibidem dicit, ex alia vero parte videtur fuisse ambitiosa,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2946 inquantum eum cum aromatibus sepelierunt. Ergo videtur non fuisse
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
2947 conveniens modus sepulturae Christi.</p><p title="III q. 51 a. 2 arg. 4"><a name="49169"><span class="ref">[49169] IIIª q. 51 a. 2 arg. 4</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2948 quaecumque scripta sunt, et praecipue de Christo, <i>ad nostram
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2949 doctrinam scripta sunt</i>, ut dicitur Rom. XV. Sed quaedam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2950 scribuntur in Evangeliis circa sepulcrum quae in nullo videntur ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2951 nostram doctrinam pertinere, sicut quod fuit sepultus in horto,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2952 quod in monumento alieno, et novo, et exciso in petra. Inconveniens
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2953 igitur fuit modus sepulturae Christi.</p><p title="III q. 51 a. 2 s. c."><a name="49170"><span class="ref">[49170] IIIª q. 51 a. 2 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2954 quod dicitur Isaiae XI, <i>et erit sepulcrum eius
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2955 gloriosum</i>.</p><p title="III q. 51 a. 2 co."><a name="49171"><span class="ref">[49171] IIIª q. 51 a. 2 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2956 dicendum quod modus sepulturae Christi ostenditur esse conveniens
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2957 quantum ad tria. Primo quidem, quantum ad confirmandam fidem mortis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2958 et resurrectionis ipsius. Secundo, ad commendandam pietatem eorum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2959 qui eum sepelierunt. Unde Augustinus dicit, in I de Civ. Dei,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2960 <i>laudabiliter commemorantur in Evangelio qui corpus eius, de
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2961 cruce acceptum, diligenter atque honorifice tegendum sepeliendumque
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2962 curarunt</i>. Tertio, quantum ad mysterium, per quod informantur
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2963 illi qui <i>Christo consepeliuntur in mortem</i>.</p><p title="III q. 51 a. 2 ad 1"><a name="49172"><span class="ref">[49172] IIIª q. 51 a. 2 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2964 dicendum quod, circa mortem Christi, commendantur patientia et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2965 constantia ipsius qui mortem est passus, et tanto magis, quanto
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2966 mors fuit abiectior. Sed in sepultura honorifica consideratur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2967 virtus morientis, qui, contra intentionem occidentium, etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2968 mortuus honorifice sepelitur, et praefiguratur devotio fidelium,
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2969 qui erant Christo mortuo servituri.</p><p title="III q. 51 a. 2 ad 2"><a name="49173"><span class="ref">[49173] IIIª q. 51 a. 2 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2970 dicendum quod in hoc quod Evangelista dicit quod sepelierunt eum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2971 sicut mos est Iudaeis sepelire, sicut Augustinus dicit, super
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2972 Ioan., <i>admonuit in huiusmodi officiis quae mortuis exhibentur,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2973 morem cuiusque gentis esse servandum. Erat autem illius gentis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2974 consuetudo ut mortuorum corpora variis aromatibus condirentur, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2975 diutius servarentur illaesa</i>. Unde et in III de Doct. Christ.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2976 dicitur quod <i>in omnibus talibus non usus rerum, sed libido
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2977 utentis in culpa est</i>. Et postea subdit, <i>quod in aliis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2978 personis plerumque flagitium est, in divina vel prophetica persona
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2979 magnae cuiusdam rei signum est</i>. Myrrha enim et aloes, propter
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2980 sui amaritudinem, significant poenitentiam, per quam aliquis in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2981 seipso Christum conservat absque corruptione peccati. Odor autem
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2982 aromatum significat bonam famam.</p><p title="III q. 51 a. 2 ad 3"><a name="49174"><span class="ref">[49174] IIIª q. 51 a. 2 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2983 dicendum quod myrrha et aloes adhibebantur corpori Christi ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2984 immune a corruptione servaretur, quod videbatur ad quandam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2985 necessitatem pertinere. Unde datur nobis exemplum ut licite
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2986 possimus aliquibus pretiosis uti medicinaliter pro necessitate
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2987 nostri corporis conservandi. Sed involutio corporis pertinebat ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2988 solam quandam decentiam honestatis. Et in talibus, simplicibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2989 debemus esse contenti. Per hoc tamen significabatur, ut Hieronymus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2990 dicit, quod ille <i>in sindone munda involvit Iesum, qui mente pura
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2991 eum susceperit</i>. Et hinc, ut Beda dicit, super Marc.,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2992 <i>Ecclesiae mos obtinuit ut sacrificium altaris non in serico
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2993 neque in panno tincto, sed in lino terreno celebretur, sicut corpus
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2994 domini est in sindone munda sepultum</i>.</p><p title="III q. 51 a. 2 ad 4"><a name="49175"><span class="ref">[49175] IIIª q. 51 a. 2 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2995 dicendum quod Christus sepelitur in horto, ad significandum quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2996 per mortem et sepulturam ipsius liberamur a morte, quam incurrimus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2997 per peccatum Adae in horto Paradisi commissum. Ideo autem salvator
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2998 in aliena ponitur sepultura, ut Augustinus dicit, in quodam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2999 sermone, <i>quia pro aliorum moriebatur salute, sepulcrum autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3000 mortis</i> est habitaculum. Per hoc etiam considerari potest
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3001 paupertatis abundantia pro nobis susceptae. Nam qui domum in vita
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3002 non habuit, post mortem quoque in alieno sepulcro reconditur, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3003 nudus existens a Ioseph operitur. In novo autem ponitur monumento,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3004 ut Hieronymus dicit, <i>ne, post resurrectionem, ceteris corporibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3005 remanentibus, surrexisse alius fingeretur. Potest autem et novum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3006 sepulcrum Mariae virginalem uterum demonstrare</i>. Per hoc etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3007 datur intelligi quod per Christi sepulturam omnes innovamur, morte
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3008 et corruptione destructa. In monumento autem deciso in petra
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3009 conditus est, ut Hieronymus dicit, <i>ne, si ex multis lapidibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3010 aedificatum fuisset, tumuli fundamentis suffossis, sublatus furto
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3011 diceretur. Unde et saxum magnum quod appositum fuit, ostendit non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3012 absque auxilio plurimorum sepulcrum potuisse reserari. Si etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3013 sepultus fuisset in terra, dicere poterant, suffoderunt terram, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3014 furati sunt eum</i>, sicut Augustinus dicit. Significatur autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3015 mystice per hoc, ut Hilarius dicit, quod <i>per apostolorum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3016 doctrinam in pectus duritiae gentilis, quodam doctrinae opere
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3017 excisum, Christus infertur, rude scilicet ac novum, nullo antea
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3018 ingressu timori Dei pervium. Et quia nihil oporteat praeter eum in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3019 pectora nostra penetrare, lapis ostio advolvitur</i>. Et, sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3020 Origenes dicit, <i>non fortuito scriptum est, Ioseph involvit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3021 corpus Christi sindone munda, et posuit in monumento novo, et quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3022 advolvit lapidem magnum, quia omnia quae sunt circa corpus Iesu,
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3023 munda sunt, et nova, et valde magna</i>.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 3</h3><p title="III q. 51 a. 3 arg. 1"><a name="49176"><span class="ref">[49176] IIIª q. 51 a. 3 arg. 1</span></a> Ad tertium sic
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3024 proceditur. Videtur quod corpus Christi in sepulcro fuerit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3025 incineratum. Sicut enim mors est poena peccati primi parentis, ita
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3026 etiam incineratio, dictum est enim primo homini post peccatum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3027 <i>pulvis es, et in pulverem reverteris</i>, ut dicitur Gen. III.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3028 Sed Christus mortem sustinuit ut nos a morte liberaret. Ergo etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3029 incinerari debuit corpus eius, ut nos ab incineratione
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3030 liberaret.</p><p title="III q. 51 a. 3 arg. 2"><a name="49177"><span class="ref">[49177] IIIª q. 51 a. 3 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3031 corpus Christi fuit eiusdem naturae cum corporibus nostris. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3032 corpora nostra statim post mortem resolvi incipiunt et ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3033 putrefactionem disponuntur, quia, exhalante calido naturali,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3034 supervenit calor extraneus, qui putrefactionem causat. Ergo videtur
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3035 quod similiter in corpore Christi acciderit.</p><p title="III q. 51 a. 3 arg. 3"><a name="49178"><span class="ref">[49178] IIIª q. 51 a. 3 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3036 sicut dictum est, Christus sepeliri voluit ut daret hominibus spem
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3037 resurgendi etiam de sepulcris. Ergo etiam incinerationem pati
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3038 debuit, ut spem resurgendi incineratis post incinerationem
53
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parents: 28
diff changeset
3039 daret.</p><p title="III q. 51 a. 3 s. c."><a name="49179"><span class="ref">[49179] IIIª q. 51 a. 3 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3040 quod in Psalmo dicitur, <i>non dabis sanctum tuum videre
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3041 corruptionem</i>, quod Damascenus exponit, in III libro, de
53
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parents: 28
diff changeset
3042 corruptione quae est per resolutionem in elementa.</p><p title="III q. 51 a. 3 co."><a name="49180"><span class="ref">[49180] IIIª q. 51 a. 3 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3043 dicendum quod non fuit conveniens corpus Christi putrefieri, vel
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3044 quocumque modo incinerari. Quia putrefactio cuiuscumque corporis
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3045 provenit ex infirmitate naturae illius corporis, quae non potest
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3046 amplius corpus continere in unum. Mors autem Christi, sicut supra
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3047 dictum est, non debuit esse cum infirmitate naturae, ne crederetur
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3048 non esse voluntaria. Et ideo non ex morbo, sed ex passione illata
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3049 voluit mori, cui se obtulit sponte. Et ideo Christus, ne mors eius
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3050 naturae infirmitati adscriberetur, noluit corpus suum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3051 qualitercumque putrefieri, aut qualitercumque resolvi, sed, ad
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3052 ostensionem virtutis divinae, voluit corpus illud incorruptum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3053 permanere. Unde Chrysostomus dicit quod, <i>viventibus aliis
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3054 hominibus, his scilicet qui egerunt strenue, arrident propria
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3055 gesta, his autem pereuntibus, pereunt. Sed in Christo est totum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3056 contrarium, nam ante crucem, omnia sunt maesta et infirma; ut autem
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3057 crucifixus est, omnia clariora sunt facta, ut noscas non purum
53
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parents: 28
diff changeset
3058 hominem crucifixum</i>.</p><p title="III q. 51 a. 3 ad 1"><a name="49181"><span class="ref">[49181] IIIª q. 51 a. 3 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3059 dicendum quod Christus, cum non esset subiectus peccato, neque
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3060 morti erat obnoxius neque incinerationi. Voluntarie tamen mortem
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3061 sustinuit propter nostram salutem, propter rationes supra dictas.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3062 Si autem corpus eius fuisset putrefactum vel resolutum, magis hoc
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3063 fuisset in detrimentum humanae salutis, dum non crederetur in eo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3064 esse virtus divina. Unde ex persona eius in Psalmo dicitur, <i>quae
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3065 utilitas in sanguine meo dum descendo in corruptionem?</i> Quasi
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3066 dicat, <i>si corpus meum putrescat, perdetur effusi sanguinis
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3067 utilitas</i>.</p><p title="III q. 51 a. 3 ad 2"><a name="49182"><span class="ref">[49182] IIIª q. 51 a. 3 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3068 dicendum quod corpus Christi, quantum ad conditionem naturae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3069 passibilis, putrefactibile fuit, licet non quantum ad meritum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3070 putrefactionis, quod est peccatum. Sed virtus divina corpus Christi
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
3071 a putrefactione reservavit, sicut et resuscitavit a morte.</p><p title="III q. 51 a. 3 ad 3"><a name="49183"><span class="ref">[49183] IIIª q. 51 a. 3 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3072 dicendum quod Christus de sepulcro resurrexit virtute divina, quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3073 nullis terminis coarctatur. Et ideo hoc quod a sepulcro surrexit,
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3074 sufficiens argumentum fuit quod homines erant resuscitandi virtute
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3075 divina non solum de sepulcris, sed etiam de quibuscumque
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3076 cineribus.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 4</h3><p title="III q. 51 a. 4 arg. 1"><a name="49184"><span class="ref">[49184] IIIª q. 51 a. 4 arg. 1</span></a> Ad quartum sic
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3077 proceditur. Videtur quod Christus non fuerit in sepulcro solum una
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3078 die et duabus noctibus. Dicit enim ipse, Matth. XII, <i>sicut fuit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3079 Ionas in ventre ceti tribus diebus et tribus noctibus, ita filius
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3080 hominis erit in corde terrae tribus diebus et tribus noctibus</i>.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3081 Sed in corde terrae fuit in sepulcro existens. Non ergo fuit in
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3082 sepulcro solum una die et duabus noctibus.</p><p title="III q. 51 a. 4 arg. 2"><a name="49185"><span class="ref">[49185] IIIª q. 51 a. 4 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3083 Gregorius dicit, in homilia paschali, quod <i>sicut Samson abstulit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3084 media nocte portas Gazae, ita Christus media nocte, auferens portas
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3085 Inferni, resurrexit</i>. Sed postquam resurrexit, non fuit in
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
3086 sepulcro. Ergo non fuit in sepulcro duabus noctibus integris.</p><p title="III q. 51 a. 4 arg. 3"><a name="49186"><span class="ref">[49186] IIIª q. 51 a. 4 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea, per
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3087 mortem Christi lux praevaluit tenebris. Sed nox ad tenebras
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3088 pertinet, dies autem ad lucem. Ergo convenientius fuit quod corpus
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3089 Christi fuerit in sepulcro duabus diebus et una nocte, quam e
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3090 converso.</p><p title="III q. 51 a. 4 s. c."><a name="49187"><span class="ref">[49187] IIIª q. 51 a. 4 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3091 quod, sicut Augustinus dicit, in IV de Trin., <i>a vespere
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3092 sepulturae usque ad diluculum resurrectionis triginta sex horae
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3093 sunt, idest, nox tota cum die tota et nocte tota</i>.</p><p title="III q. 51 a. 4 co."><a name="49188"><span class="ref">[49188] IIIª q. 51 a. 4 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3094 dicendum quod ipsum tempus quo Christus in sepulcro mansit,
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3095 effectum mortis eius repraesentat. Dictum est enim supra quod per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3096 mortem Christi liberati sumus a duplici morte, scilicet a morte
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3097 animae et a morte corporis. Et hoc significatur per duas noctes
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3098 quibus Christus in sepulcro permansit. Mors autem eius, quia non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3099 fuit ex peccato proveniens sed ex caritate suscepta, non habuit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3100 rationem noctis, sed diei. Et ideo significatur per diem integram
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3101 qua Christus fuit in sepulcro. Et sic conveniens fuit quod Christus
53
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parents: 28
diff changeset
3102 una die et duabus noctibus esset in sepulcro.</p><p title="III q. 51 a. 4 ad 1"><a name="49189"><span class="ref">[49189] IIIª q. 51 a. 4 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3103 dicendum quod, sicut Augustinus dicit, in libro de consensu Evang.,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3104 <i>quidam, modum Scripturae nescientes, noctem voluerunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3105 animadvertere tres illas horas, a sexta usque ad nonam, quibus sol
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3106 obscuratus est; et diem, tres horas alias quibus iterum terris est
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3107 redditus, idest a nona usque ad eius occasum. Sequitur enim nox
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3108 futura sabbati, qua cum suo die computata, erunt iam duae noctes et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3109 duo dies. Post sabbatum autem, sequitur nox primae sabbati, idest
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3110 illucescentis diei dominici, in qua tunc dominus resurrexit. Et ita
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3111 adhuc non constabit ratio trium dierum et trium noctium. Restat
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3112 ergo ut hoc inveniatur illo Scripturarum usitato loquendi modo quo
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3113 a parte totum intelligitur</i>, ita scilicet quod unam noctem et
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3114 unam diem accipiamus pro uno die naturali. Et sic primus dies
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3115 computatur ab extrema parte sui, qua Christus in sexta feria est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3116 mortuus et sepultus; secunda autem dies est integra cum viginti
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3117 quatuor horis nocturnis et diurnis; nox autem sequens pertinet ad
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3118 tertium diem. <i>Sicut enim primi dies, propter futurum hominis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3119 lapsum, a luce in noctem; ita isti, propter hominis reparationem, a
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
3120 tenebris computantur in lucem</i>.</p><p title="III q. 51 a. 4 ad 2"><a name="49190"><span class="ref">[49190] IIIª q. 51 a. 4 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3121 dicendum quod, sicut Augustinus dicit, in IV de Trin., Christus in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3122 diluculo resurrexit, in quo aliquid lucis apparet, et adhuc tamen
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3123 aliquid remanet tenebrarum noctis, unde de mulieribus dicitur,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3124 Ioan. XX, quod <i>cum tenebrae adhuc essent, venerunt ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3125 monumentum</i>. Ratione ergo harum tenebrarum, Gregorius dicit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3126 Christum media nocte surrexisse, non quidem divisa nocte in duas
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3127 partes aequales, sed infra illam noctem. Illud enim diluculum et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3128 pars noctis et pars diei dici potest, propter communicantiam quam
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3129 habet cum utroque.</p><p title="III q. 51 a. 4 ad 3"><a name="49191"><span class="ref">[49191] IIIª q. 51 a. 4 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3130 dicendum quod in tantum lux in morte Christi praevaluit, quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3131 significatur per unam diem, quod tenebras duarum noctium, idest
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
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diff changeset
3132 duplicis mortis nostrae, removit, ut dictum est.</p></div></div><div class="q" id="q52"><h2>Quaestio 52</h2><div class="p"><h3>Prooemium</h3><p title="III q. 52 pr."><a name="49192"><span class="ref">[49192]
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3133 IIIª q. 52 pr.</span></a> Deinde considerandum est de descensu
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3134 Christi ad Inferos. Et circa hoc quaeruntur octo. Primo, utrum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3135 conveniens fuerit Christum ad Inferos descendere. Secundo, in quem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3136 Infernum descenderit. Tertio, utrum totus fuerit in Inferno.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3137 Quarto, utrum aliquam moram ibi contraxerit. Quinto, utrum sanctos
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3138 patres ab Inferno liberaverit. Sexto, utrum ab Inferno liberaverit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3139 damnatos. Septimo, utrum liberaverit pueros in peccato originali
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3140 defunctos. Octavo, utrum liberaverit homines de Purgatorio.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 1</h3><p title="III q. 52 a. 1 arg. 1"><a name="49193"><span class="ref">[49193] IIIª q. 52 a. 1 arg. 1</span></a> Ad primum sic
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3141 proceditur. Videtur quod non fuerit conveniens Christum ad Infernum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3142 descendere. Dicit enim Augustinus, in epistola ad Evodium, <i>nec
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3143 ipsos quidem Inferos uspiam Scripturarum in bono appellatos</i>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3144 potui reperire. Sed anima Christi non descendit ad aliquod malum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3145 quia nec animae iustorum ad aliquod malum descendunt. Ergo videtur
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3146 quod non fuerit conveniens Christum ad Inferos descendere.</p><p title="III q. 52 a. 1 arg. 2"><a name="49194"><span class="ref">[49194] IIIª q. 52 a. 1 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3147 descendere ad Inferos non potest Christo convenire secundum divinam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3148 naturam, quae est omnino immobilis, sed solum convenire potest ei
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3149 secundum naturam assumptam. Ea vero quae Christus fecit vel passus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3150 est in natura assumpta, ordinantur ad humanam salutem. Ad quam non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3151 videtur necessarium fuisse quod Christus descenderit ad Inferos,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3152 quia per passionem suam, quam in hoc mundo sustinuit, nos liberavit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3153 a culpa et poena, ut supra dictum est. Non igitur fuit conveniens
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3154 quod Christus ad Infernum descenderet.</p><p title="III q. 52 a. 1 arg. 3"><a name="49195"><span class="ref">[49195] IIIª q. 52 a. 1 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea, per
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3155 mortem Christi separata est anima a corpore eius, quod quidem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3156 positum fuerat in sepulcro, ut supra habitum est. Non videtur autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3157 quod secundum animam solam ad Infernum descenderit, quia anima, cum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3158 sit incorporea, non videtur quod localiter possit moveri; hoc enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3159 est corporum, ut probatur in VI Physic.; descensus autem motum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3160 corporalem importat. Non ergo fuit conveniens quod Christus ad
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3161 Infernum descenderet.</p><p title="III q. 52 a. 1 s. c."><a name="49196"><span class="ref">[49196] IIIª q. 52 a. 1 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3162 quod dicitur in symbolo, <i>descendit ad Inferos</i>. Et apostolus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3163 dicit, Ephes. IV, <i>quod autem ascendit, quid est nisi quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3164 descendit primum ad inferiores partes terrae?</i> Glossa, <i>idest
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
3165 ad Inferos</i>.</p><p title="III q. 52 a. 1 co."><a name="49197"><span class="ref">[49197] IIIª q. 52 a. 1 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3166 dicendum quod conveniens fuit Christum ad Infernum descendere.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3167 Primo quidem, quia ipse venerat poenam nostram portare, ut nos a
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3168 poena eriperet, secundum illud Isaiae LIII, <i>vere languores
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3169 nostros ipse tulit, et dolores nostros ipse portavit</i>. Ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3170 peccato autem homo incurrerat non solum mortem corporis, sed etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3171 descensum ad Inferos. Et ideo, sicut fuit conveniens eum mori ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3172 nos liberaret a morte, ita conveniens fuit eum descendere ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3173 Inferos ut nos a descensu ad Inferos liberaret. Unde dicitur Osee
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3174 XIII, <i>ero mors tua, o mors. Ero morsus tuus, Inferne</i>.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3175 Secundo, quia conveniens erat ut, victo Diabolo per passionem,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3176 vinctos eius eriperet, qui detinebantur in Inferno, secundum illud
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3177 Zach. IX, <i>tu quoque in sanguine testamenti tui vinctos tuos
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3178 emisisti de lacu</i>. Et Coloss. II dicitur, <i>exspolians
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3179 principatus et potestates, traduxit confidenter</i>. Tertio ut,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3180 sicut potestatem suam ostendit in terra vivendo et moriendo, ita
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3181 etiam potestatem suam ostenderet in Inferno, ipsum visitando et
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3182 illuminando; unde dicitur in Psalmo, <i>attollite portas,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3183 principes, vestras</i>, Glossa, <i>idest, principes Inferni,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3184 auferte potestatem vestram, qua usque nunc homines in Inferno
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3185 detinebatis</i>; et sic in nomine Iesu omne genu flectatur, non
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
3186 solum caelestium, sed etiam Infernorum, ut dicitur Philipp. II.</p><p title="III q. 52 a. 1 ad 1"><a name="49198"><span class="ref">[49198] IIIª q. 52 a. 1 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3187 dicendum quod nomen Infernorum sonat in malum poenae, non autem in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3188 malum culpae. Unde decuit Christum in Infernum descendere, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3189 tanquam ipse esset debitor poena, sed ut eos qui erant poenae
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
3190 obnoxii, liberaret.</p><p title="III q. 52 a. 1 ad 2"><a name="49199"><span class="ref">[49199] IIIª q. 52 a. 1 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3191 dicendum quod passio Christi fuit quaedam causa universalis humanae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3192 salutis, tam vivorum quam mortuorum. Causa autem universalis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3193 applicatur ad singulares effectus per aliquid speciale. Unde, sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3194 virtus passionis Christi applicatur viventibus per sacramenta
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3195 configurantia nos passioni Christi, ita etiam applicata est mortuis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3196 per descensum Christi ad Inferos. Propter quod signanter dicitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3197 Zach. IX, quod <i>eduxit vinctos de lacu in sanguine testamenti
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
3198 sui</i>, idest per virtutem passionis suae.</p><p title="III q. 52 a. 1 ad 3"><a name="49200"><span class="ref">[49200] IIIª q. 52 a. 1 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3199 dicendum quod anima Christi non descenderit ad Inferos eo genere
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3200 motus quo corpora moventur, sed eo genere motus quo Angeli
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
3201 moventur, sicut in prima parte habitum est.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 2</h3><p title="III q. 52 a. 2 arg. 1"><a name="49201"><span class="ref">[49201] IIIª q. 52 a. 2 arg. 1</span></a> Ad secundum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3202 sic proceditur. Videtur quod Christus descenderit etiam ad Infernum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3203 damnatorum. Dicitur enim ex ore divinae sapientiae, Eccli. XXIV,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3204 <i>penetrabo omnes inferiores partes terrae</i>. Sed inter partes
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3205 inferiores terrae computatur etiam Infernus damnatorum, secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3206 illud Psalmi, <i>introibunt in inferiora terrae</i>. Ergo Christus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3207 qui est Dei sapientia, etiam usque ad Infernum damnatorum
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
3208 descendit.</p><p title="III q. 52 a. 2 arg. 2"><a name="49202"><span class="ref">[49202] IIIª q. 52 a. 2 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3209 Act. II dicit Petrus quod <i>Deus Christum suscitavit, solutis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3210 doloribus Inferni, iuxta quod impossibile erat teneri illum ab
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3211 eo</i>. Sed dolores non sunt in Inferno patrum, neque etiam in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3212 Inferno puerorum, qui non puniuntur poena sensus propter peccatum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3213 actuale, sed solum poena damni propter peccatum originale. Ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3214 Christus descendit in Infernum damnatorum, vel etiam in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3215 Purgatorium, ubi homines puniuntur poena sensus pro peccatis
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
3216 actualibus.</p><p title="III q. 52 a. 2 arg. 3"><a name="49203"><span class="ref">[49203] IIIª q. 52 a. 2 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea, I
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3217 Pet. III dicitur quod <i>Christus his qui in carcere conclusi
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3218 erant, spiritu veniens praedicavit, qui increduli fuerant
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3219 aliquando</i>, quod, sicut Athanasius dicit, in epistola ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3220 Epictetum, intelligitur de descensu Christi ad Inferos. Dicit enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3221 quod <i>corpus Christi fuit in sepulcro positum, quando ipse
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3222 perrexit praedicare his qui in custodia erant spiritibus, sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3223 dixit Petrus</i>. Constat autem quod increduli erant in Inferno
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
3224 damnatorum. Ergo Christus ad Infernum damnatorum descendit.</p><p title="III q. 52 a. 2 arg. 4"><a name="49204"><span class="ref">[49204] IIIª q. 52 a. 2 arg. 4</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3225 Augustinus dicit, in epistola ad Evodium, <i>si in illum Abrahae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3226 sinum Christum mortuum venisse sacra Scriptura dixisset non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3227 nominato Inferno eiusque doloribus, miror si quisquam eum ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3228 Inferos descendisse asserere auderet. Sed quia evidentia testimonia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3229 et Infernum commemorant et dolores, nulla causa occurrit cur illo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3230 credatur venisse salvator, nisi ut ab eisdem doloribus salvos
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3231 faceret</i>. Sed locus dolorum est Infernus damnatorum. Ergo
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3232 Christus in Infernum damnatorum descendit.</p><p title="III q. 52 a. 2 arg. 5"><a name="49205"><span class="ref">[49205] IIIª q. 52 a. 2 arg. 5</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3233 sicut Augustinus dicit, in quodam sermone de passione, Christus ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3234 Infernum descendens <i>omnes iustos qui originali peccato adstricti
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3235 tenebantur, absolvit</i>. Sed inter illos erat etiam Iob, qui de
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3236 seipso dicit, Iob XVII, <i>in profundissima Inferni descendent
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3237 omnia mea</i>. Ergo Christus etiam usque ad profundissimum Inferni
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
3238 descendit.</p><p title="III q. 52 a. 2 s. c."><a name="49206"><span class="ref">[49206] IIIª q. 52 a. 2 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3239 quod de Inferno damnatorum dicitur, Iob X, <i>antequam vadam, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3240 non revertar, ad terram tenebrosam et opertam mortis caligine,</i>
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3241 et cetera. Nulla autem est conventio lucis ad tenebras, ut dicitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3242 II Cor. VI. Ergo Christus, qui est lux, ad illum Infernum
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3243 damnatorum non descendit.</p><p title="III q. 52 a. 2 co."><a name="49207"><span class="ref">[49207] IIIª q. 52 a. 2 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3244 dicendum quod dupliciter dicitur aliquid alicubi esse. Uno modo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3245 per suum effectum. Et hoc modo Christus in quemlibet Infernum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3246 descendit, aliter tamen et aliter. Nam in Infernum damnatorum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3247 habuit hunc effectum quod, descendens ad Inferos, eos de sua
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3248 incredulitate et malitia confutavit. Illis vero qui detinebantur in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3249 Purgatorio, spem gloriae consequendae dedit. Sanctis autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3250 patribus, qui pro solo peccato originali detinebantur in Inferno,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3251 lumen aeternae gloriae infudit. Alio modo dicitur aliquid esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3252 alicubi per suam essentiam. Et hoc modo anima Christi descendit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3253 solum ad locum Inferni in quo iusti detinebantur, ut quos ipse per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3254 gratiam interius visitabat secundum divinitatem, eos etiam secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3255 animam visitaret et loco. Sic autem in una parte Inferni existens,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3256 effectum suum aliqualiter ad omnes Inferni partes derivavit, sicut,
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3257 in uno loco terrae passus, totum mundum sua passione liberavit.</p><p title="III q. 52 a. 2 ad 1"><a name="49208"><span class="ref">[49208] IIIª q. 52 a. 2 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3258 dicendum quod Christus, qui est Dei sapientia, penetravit omnes
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3259 inferiores partes terrae, non localiter, secundum animam omnes
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3260 circumeundo; sed effectum suae potentiae aliqualiter ad omnes
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3261 extendendo. Ita tamen quod solos iustos illuminavit, sequitur enim,
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
3262 <i>et illuminabo omnes sperantes in domino</i>.</p><p title="III q. 52 a. 2 ad 2"><a name="49209"><span class="ref">[49209] IIIª q. 52 a. 2 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3263 dicendum quod duplex est dolor. Unus de passione poenae, quam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3264 patiuntur homines pro peccato actuali, secundum illud Psalmi,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3265 <i>dolores Inferni circumdederunt me</i>. Alius autem dolor est de
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3266 dilatione speratae gloriae, secundum illud Proverb. XIII, <i>spes
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3267 quae differtur, affligit animam</i>. Quem quidem dolorem etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3268 patiebantur sancti patres in Inferno. Ad quod significandum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3269 Augustinus, in sermone de passione, dicit quod <i>lacrymabili
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3270 obsecratione Christum orabant</i>. Utrosque autem dolores Christus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3271 solvit ad Infernum descendens, aliter tamen et aliter. Nam dolores
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3272 poenarum solvit praeservando ab eis, sicut medicus dicitur solvere
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3273 morbum a quo praeservat per medicinam. Dolores autem causatos ex
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3274 dilatione gloriae actualiter solvit, gloriam praebendo.</p><p title="III q. 52 a. 2 ad 3"><a name="49210"><span class="ref">[49210] IIIª q. 52 a. 2 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3275 dicendum quod illud quod ibi dicit Petrus, a quibusdam refertur ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3276 descensum Christi ad Inferos, sic exponentes verbum illud, his qui
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3277 in carcere conclusi erant, idest in Inferno, spiritu, idest
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3278 secundum animam, <i>Christus veniens praedicavit, qui increduli
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3279 fuerant aliquando</i>. Unde et Damascenus dicit, in III libro,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3280 quod, <i>sicut his qui in terra sunt evangelizavit, ita et his qui
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3281 in Inferno</i>, non quidem ut incredulos ad fidem converteret, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3282 ut eorum infidelitatem confutaret. Quia et ipsa praedicatio nihil
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3283 aliud intelligi potest quam manifestatio divinitatis eius, quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3284 manifestata est infernalibus per virtuosum descensum Christi ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3285 Inferos. Augustinus tamen melius exponit, in epistola ad Evodium,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3286 ut referatur, non ad descensum Christi ad Inferos, sed ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3287 operationem divinitatis eius, quam exercuit a principio mundi. Ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3288 sit sensus quod his qui in carcere conclusi erant, viventes
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3289 scilicet in corpore mortali, quod est quasi quidam carcer animae,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3290 spiritu suae divinitatis veniens praedicavit, per internas
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3291 inspirationes, et etiam exteriores admonitiones per ora iustorum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3292 his, inquam, praedicavit qui increduli fuerant aliquando, Noe
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3293 scilicet praedicanti, quando expectabant Dei patientiam, per quam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3294 differebatur poena diluvii. Unde subdit, in diebus Noe, cum
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3295 fabricaretur arca.</p><p title="III q. 52 a. 2 ad 4"><a name="49211"><span class="ref">[49211] IIIª q. 52 a. 2 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3296 dicendum quod sinus Abrahae potest secundum duo considerari. Uno
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3297 modo, secundum quietem quae ibi erat a poena sensibili. Et quantum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3298 ad hoc non competit ei nec nomen Inferni, nec sunt ibi aliqui
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3299 dolores. Alio modo potest considerari quantum ad privationem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3300 gloriae speratae. Et secundum hoc habet rationem Inferni et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3301 doloris. Et ideo nunc dicitur sinus Abrahae illa requies beatorum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3302 non tamen dicitur Infernus, nec dicuntur nunc in sinu Abrahae esse
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
3303 dolores.</p><p title="III q. 52 a. 2 ad 5"><a name="49212"><span class="ref">[49212] IIIª q. 52 a. 2 ad 5</span></a> Ad quintum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3304 dicendum quod, sicut Gregorius ibidem dicit, <i>ipsa superiora loca
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3305 Inferni profundissimum Infernum vocat. Si enim, quantum ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3306 celsitudinem caeli, aer iste caliginosus Infernus est; quantum ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3307 eiusdem aeris altitudinem, terra, quae inferius iacet, et Infernus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3308 intelligi, et profundum potest. Quantum vero ad eiusdem terrae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3309 altitudinem, illa loca Inferni quae superiora sunt aliis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3310 receptaculis Inferni, hoc modo Inferni profundissimi appellatione
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3311 significantur</i>.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 3</h3><p title="III q. 52 a. 3 arg. 1"><a name="49213"><span class="ref">[49213] IIIª q. 52 a. 3 arg. 1</span></a> Ad tertium sic
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3312 proceditur. Videtur quod Christus non fuit totus in Inferno. Corpus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3313 enim Christi est aliqua pars eius. Sed corpus Christi non fuit in
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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diff changeset
3314 Inferno. Ergo totus Christus non fuit in Inferno.</p><p title="III q. 52 a. 3 arg. 2"><a name="49214"><span class="ref">[49214] IIIª q. 52 a. 3 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3315 nihil cuius partes ab invicem separatae sunt, potest dici totum.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3316 Sed corpus et anima, quae sunt partes humanae naturae, fuerunt ab
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3317 invicem separata post mortem, ut supra dictum est. Descendit autem
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3318 ad Infernum mortuus existens. Non ergo potuit esse totus in
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
3319 Inferno.</p><p title="III q. 52 a. 3 arg. 3"><a name="49215"><span class="ref">[49215] IIIª q. 52 a. 3 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3320 illud totum dicitur esse in loco cuius nihil est extra locum illum.
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3321 Sed aliquid Christi erat extra Infernum, quia et corpus erat in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3322 sepulcro, et divinitas ubique. Ergo Christus non fuit totus in
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3323 Inferno.</p><p title="III q. 52 a. 3 s. c."><a name="49216"><span class="ref">[49216] IIIª q. 52 a. 3 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3324 quod Augustinus dicit, in libro de symbolo, <i>totus filius apud
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3325 patrem, totus in caelo, totus in terra, totus in utero virginis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3326 totus in cruce, totus in Inferno, totus in Paradiso quo latronem
53
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parents: 28
diff changeset
3327 introduxit</i>.</p><p title="III q. 52 a. 3 co."><a name="49217"><span class="ref">[49217] IIIª q. 52 a. 3 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3328 dicendum quod, sicut patet ex his quae in prima parte dicta sunt,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3329 masculinum genus refertur ad hypostasim vel personam, neutrum autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3330 genus pertinet ad naturam. In morte autem Christi, licet anima
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3331 fuerit separata a corpore, neutrum tamen fuit separatum a persona
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3332 filii Dei, ut supra dictum est. Et ideo, in illo triduo mortis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3333 Christi, dicendum est quod totus Christus fuit in sepulcro, quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3334 tota persona fuit ibi per corpus sibi unitum; et similiter totus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3335 fuit in Inferno, quia tota persona Christi fuit ibi ratione animae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3336 sibi unitae; totus etiam Christus tunc erat ubique, ratione divinae
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
3337 naturae.</p><p title="III q. 52 a. 3 ad 1"><a name="49218"><span class="ref">[49218] IIIª q. 52 a. 3 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3338 dicendum quod corpus quod tunc erat in sepulcro, non est pars
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3339 personae increatae, sed naturae assumptae. Et ideo per hoc quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3340 corpus Christi non fuit in Inferno, non excluditur quin totus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3341 Christus fuerit, sed ostenditur quod non fuit ibi totum quod
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
3342 pertinet ad humanam naturam.</p><p title="III q. 52 a. 3 ad 2"><a name="49219"><span class="ref">[49219] IIIª q. 52 a. 3 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3343 dicendum quod ex anima et corpore unitis constituitur totalitas
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3344 humanae naturae, non autem totalitas divinae personae. Et ideo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3345 soluta unione animae et corporis per mortem, remansit totus
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3346 Christus, sed non remansit humana natura in sua totalitate.</p><p title="III q. 52 a. 3 ad 3"><a name="49220"><span class="ref">[49220] IIIª q. 52 a. 3 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3347 dicendum quod persona Christi est tota in quolibet loco, sed non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3348 totaliter, quia nullo loco circumscribitur. Sed nec omnia loca
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3349 simul accepta eius immensitatem comprehendere possunt. Quinimmo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3350 ipse sua immensitate omnia comprehendit. Hoc autem locum habet in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3351 his quae corporaliter et circumscriptive sunt in loco, quod, si
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3352 totum sit alicubi, nihil eius sit extra. Sed hoc in Deo locum non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3353 habet. Unde Augustinus dicit, in sermone de symbolo, <i>non per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3354 diversa tempora vel loca dicimus ubique Christum esse totum, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3355 modo ibi totus sit, et alio tempore alibi totus, sed ut semper
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3356 ubique sit totus</i>.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 4</h3><p title="III q. 52 a. 4 arg. 1"><a name="49221"><span class="ref">[49221] IIIª q. 52 a. 4 arg. 1</span></a> Ad quartum sic
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3357 proceditur. Videtur quod Christus nullam moram contraxit in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3358 Inferno. Christus enim ad hoc in Infernum descendit ut ex eo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3359 homines liberaret. Sed hoc statim ab eo factum est in ipso suo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3360 descensu, <i>facile enim est in conspectu Dei subito honestare
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3361 pauperem</i>, ut dicitur Eccli. XI. Ergo videtur quod nullam moram
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
3362 in Inferno contraxit.</p><p title="III q. 52 a. 4 arg. 2"><a name="49222"><span class="ref">[49222] IIIª q. 52 a. 4 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3363 Augustinus dicit, in sermone de passione, quod <i>sine aliqua mora,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3364 ad imperium domini ac salvatoris, omnes ferrei confracti sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3365 vectes</i>. Unde ex persona Angelorum concomitantium Christum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3366 dicitur, <i>tollite portas, principes, vestras</i>. Ad hoc autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3367 Christus illuc descendit ut vectes Inferni confringeret. Ergo
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3368 Christus in Inferno nullam moram contraxit.</p><p title="III q. 52 a. 4 arg. 3"><a name="49223"><span class="ref">[49223] IIIª q. 52 a. 4 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3369 Luc. XXIII dicitur quod dominus, in cruce pendens, dixit latroni,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3370 <i>hodie mecum eris in Paradiso</i>, ex quo patet quod eadem die
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3371 Christus fuit in Paradiso. Non autem secundum corpus, quod positum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3372 fuit in sepulcro. Ergo secundum animam, quae ad Infernum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3373 descenderat. Et ita videtur quod non contraxit moram in
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3374 Inferno.</p><p title="III q. 52 a. 4 s. c."><a name="49224"><span class="ref">[49224] IIIª q. 52 a. 4 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3375 quod Petrus dicit, Act. II, <i>quem Deus suscitavit, solutis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3376 doloribus Inferni, iuxta quod impossibile erat teneri illum ab
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3377 eo</i>. Ergo videtur quod usque ad horam resurrectionis mansit in
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3378 Inferno.</p><p title="III q. 52 a. 4 co."><a name="49225"><span class="ref">[49225] IIIª q. 52 a. 4 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3379 dicendum quod sicut Christus, ut nostras poenas in se susciperet,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3380 voluit corpus suum in sepulcro poni, ita etiam voluit animam suam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3381 ad Infernum descendere. Corpus autem eius mansit in sepulcro per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3382 diem integrum et duas noctes ad comprobandum veritatem mortis suae.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3383 Unde etiam tantundem credendum est animam eius fuisse in Inferno,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3384 ut simul anima eius educeretur de Inferno, et corpus de
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3385 sepulcro.</p><p title="III q. 52 a. 4 ad 1"><a name="49226"><span class="ref">[49226] IIIª q. 52 a. 4 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3386 dicendum quod Christus, ad Infernum descendens, sanctos ibi
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3387 existentes liberavit, non quidem statim educendo eos de loco
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3388 Inferni, sed in ipso Inferno eos luce gloriae illustrando. Et tamen
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3389 conveniens fuit ut tandiu anima eius remaneret in Inferno quandiu
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3390 corpus manebat in sepulcro.</p><p title="III q. 52 a. 4 ad 2"><a name="49227"><span class="ref">[49227] IIIª q. 52 a. 4 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3391 dicendum quod vectes Inferni dicuntur impedimenta quibus sancti
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3392 patres de Inferno exire prohibebantur, reatu culpae primi parentis.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3393 Quos Christus statim descendens ad Inferos, virtute suae passionis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3394 et mortis confregit. Et tamen voluit in Inferno aliquandiu
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3395 remanere, propter rationem praedictam.</p><p title="III q. 52 a. 4 ad 3"><a name="49228"><span class="ref">[49228] IIIª q. 52 a. 4 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3396 dicendum quod illud verbum domini est intelligendum, non de
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3397 Paradiso terrestri corporeo, sed de Paradiso spirituali, in quo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3398 esse dicuntur quicumque divina gloria perfruuntur. Unde latro loco
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3399 quidem cum Christo ad Infernum descendit, ut cum Christo esset,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3400 quia dictum est ei, mecum eris in Paradiso, sed praemio in Paradiso
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3401 fuit, quia ibi divinitate Christi fruebatur, sicut et alii
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3402 sancti.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 5</h3><p title="III q. 52 a. 5 arg. 1"><a name="49229"><span class="ref">[49229] IIIª q. 52 a. 5 arg. 1</span></a> Ad quintum sic
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3403 proceditur. Videtur quod Christus, descendens ad Inferos, sanctos
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3404 patres inde non liberaverit. Dicit enim Augustinus, in epistola ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3405 Evodium, <i>illis iustis qui in sinu erant Abrahae cum Christus in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3406 Inferna descenderet, nondum quid contulisset inveni, a quibus eum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3407 secundum beatificam praesentiam suae divinitatis, nunquam video
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3408 recessisse</i>. Multum autem eis contulisset si eos ab Inferis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3409 liberasset. Non ergo videtur quod Christus sanctos patres ab
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3410 Inferis liberaverit.</p><p title="III q. 52 a. 5 arg. 2"><a name="49230"><span class="ref">[49230] IIIª q. 52 a. 5 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3411 nullus in Inferno detinetur nisi propter peccatum. Sed sancti
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3412 patres, dum adhuc viverent, per fidem Christi iustificati fuerant a
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3413 peccato. Ergo non indigebant liberari ab Inferno, ad Inferos
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3414 Christo descendente.</p><p title="III q. 52 a. 5 arg. 3"><a name="49231"><span class="ref">[49231] IIIª q. 52 a. 5 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3415 remota causa, removetur effectus. Sed causa descendendi ad Inferos
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3416 est peccatum, quod fuit remotum per passionem Christi, ut supra
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3417 dictum est. Non ergo per descensum Christi ad Inferos sancti patres
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3418 sunt de Inferno educti.</p><p title="III q. 52 a. 5 s. c."><a name="49232"><span class="ref">[49232] IIIª q. 52 a. 5 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3419 quod Augustinus dicit, in sermone de passione, quod Christus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3420 quando ad Inferna descendit, <i>portam Inferni et vectes ferreos
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3421 confregit, et omnes iustos, qui originali peccato adstricti
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3422 tenebantur, absolvit</i>.</p><p title="III q. 52 a. 5 co."><a name="49233"><span class="ref">[49233] IIIª q. 52 a. 5 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3423 dicendum quod, sicut supra dictum est, Christus, descendens ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3424 Inferos, operatus est in virtute suae passionis. Per passionem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3425 autem Christi liberatum est genus humanum, non solum a peccato, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3426 etiam a reatu poenae, ut supra dictum est. Dupliciter autem homines
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3427 reatu poenae erant adstricti. Uno modo, pro peccato actuali, quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3428 quilibet in sua persona commiserat. Alio modo, pro peccato totius
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3429 humanae naturae, quod a primo parente in omnes originaliter
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3430 devenit, ut dicitur Rom. V. Cuius quidem peccati poena est mors
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3431 corporalis et exclusio a vita gloriae, ut patet ex his quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3432 dicuntur Gen. II et III, nam Deus hominem de Paradiso post peccatum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3433 eiecit, cui ante peccatum mortem fuerat comminatus si peccaret. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3434 ideo Christus, descendens ad Inferos, virtute suae passionis ab hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3435 reatu sanctos absolvit, quo erant a vita gloriae exclusi, ut non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3436 possent Deum per essentiam videre, in quo consistit perfecta
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3437 hominis beatitudo, ut in secunda parte dictum est. Per hoc autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3438 sancti patres detinebantur in Inferno, quod eis ad vitam gloriae,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3439 propter peccatum primi parentis, aditus non patebat. Et sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3440 Christus, descendens ad Inferos, sanctos patres ab Inferis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3441 liberavit. Et hoc est quod dicitur Zach. IX, <i>tu vero in sanguine
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3442 testamenti tui eduxisti vinctos de lacu in quo non erat aqua</i>.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3443 Et Coloss. II dicitur quod, <i>exspolians principatus et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3444 potestates, scilicet infernales, auferendo Isaac et Iacob et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3445 ceteros iustos, traduxit eos, idest, longe ab hoc regno tenebrarum
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3446 ad caelum duxit</i>, ut Glossa ibidem dicit.</p><p title="III q. 52 a. 5 ad 1"><a name="49234"><span class="ref">[49234] IIIª q. 52 a. 5 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3447 dicendum quod Augustinus ibi loquitur contra quosdam qui
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3448 aestimabant antiquos iustos, ante adventum Christi, in Inferno
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3449 doloribus poenarum fuisse subiectos. Unde, parum ante verba
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3450 inducta, praemittit dicens, <i>addunt quidam hoc beneficium
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3451 antiquis etiam sanctis fuisse concessum, ut, dominus cum in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3452 Infernum venisset, ab illis doloribus solverentur. Sed quonam modo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3453 intelligatur Abraham, in cuius sinum pius etiam pauper ille
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3454 susceptus est, in illis fuisse doloribus, ego quidem non video</i>.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3455 Et ideo, cum postea subdit se nondum invenisse <i>quid descensus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3456 Christi ad Inferos antiquis iustis contulerit</i>, intelligendum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3457 est quantum ad absolutionem a doloribus poenarum. Contulit tamen
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3458 eis quantum ad adeptionem gloriae, et per consequens solvit eorum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3459 dolorem quem patiebantur ex dilatione gloriae. Ex cuius tamen spe
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3460 magnum gaudium habebant, secundum illud Ioan. VIII, <i>Abraham,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3461 pater vester, exultavit ut videret diem meum</i>. Et ideo subdit,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3462 <i>a quibus eum, secundum beatificam praesentiam suae divinitatis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3463 nunquam video recessisse</i>, inquantum scilicet, etiam ante
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3464 adventum Christi, erant beati in spe, licet nondum essent perfecte
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3465 beati in re.</p><p title="III q. 52 a. 5 ad 2"><a name="49235"><span class="ref">[49235] IIIª q. 52 a. 5 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3466 dicendum quod sancti patres, dum adhuc viverent, liberati fuerunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3467 per fidem Christi ab omni peccato tam originali quam actuali, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3468 reatu poenae actualium peccatorum, non tamen a reatu poenae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3469 originalis peccati, per quem excludebantur a gloria, nondum soluto
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3470 pretio redemptionis humanae. Sicut etiam nunc fideles Christi
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3471 liberantur per Baptismum a reatu actualium peccatorum, et a reatu
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3472 originalis quantum ad exclusionem a gloria, remanent tamen adhuc
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3473 obligati reatu originalis peccati quantum ad necessitatem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3474 corporaliter moriendi; quia renovantur secundum spiritum, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3475 nondum secundum carnem, secundum illud Rom. VIII, <i>corpus quidem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3476 mortuum est propter peccatum, spiritus vero vivit propter
53
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ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3477 iustificationem</i>.</p><p title="III q. 52 a. 5 ad 3"><a name="49236"><span class="ref">[49236] IIIª q. 52 a. 5 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3478 dicendum quod statim, Christo mortem patiente, anima eius ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3479 Infernum descendit, et suae passionis fructum exhibuit sanctis in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3480 Inferno detentis, quamvis ex loco illo non exierint, Christo apud
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3481 Inferos commorante, quia ipsa Christi praesentia pertinebat ad
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3482 cumulum gloriae.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 6</h3><p title="III q. 52 a. 6 arg. 1"><a name="49237"><span class="ref">[49237] IIIª q. 52 a. 6 arg. 1</span></a> Ad sextum sic
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3483 proceditur. Videtur quod Christus aliquos damnatos ab Inferno
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3484 liberavit. Dicitur enim Isaiae XXIV, <i>congregabuntur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3485 congregatione unius fascis in lacum, et claudentur in carcerem, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3486 post multos dies visitabuntur</i>. Loquitur autem ibi de damnatis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3487 qui militiam caeli adoraverant. Ergo videtur quod etiam damnati,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3488 Christo descendente ad Inferos, sunt visitati. Quod ad eorum
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3489 liberationem videtur pertinere.</p><p title="III q. 52 a. 6 arg. 2"><a name="49238"><span class="ref">[49238] IIIª q. 52 a. 6 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3490 super illud Zach. IX, <i>tu autem in sanguine testamenti tui
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3491 eduxisti vinctos de lacu in quo non erat aqua</i>, dicit Glossa,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3492 <i>tu eos liberasti qui tenebantur vincti carceribus, ubi nulla
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3493 misericordia eos refrigerabat, quam dives ille petebat</i>. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3494 soli damnati includuntur carceribus absque misericordia. Ergo
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3495 Christus liberavit aliquos de Inferno damnatorum.</p><p title="III q. 52 a. 6 arg. 3"><a name="49239"><span class="ref">[49239] IIIª q. 52 a. 6 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3496 potentia Christi non fuit minor in Inferno quam in hoc mundo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3497 utrobique enim operatus est per potentiam suae divinitatis. Sed in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3498 hoc mundo de quolibet statu aliquos liberavit. Ergo etiam in
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3499 Inferno liberavit aliquos etiam de statu damnatorum.</p><p title="III q. 52 a. 6 s. c."><a name="49240"><span class="ref">[49240] IIIª q. 52 a. 6 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3500 quod dicitur Osee XIII, <i>ero mors tua, o mors. Morsus tuus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3501 Inferne</i>. Glossa, <i>electos educendo, reprobos vero ibidem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3502 relinquendo</i>. Sed soli reprobi sunt in Inferno damnatorum. Ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3503 per descensum Christi ad Inferos non sunt aliqui de Inferno
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3504 damnatorum liberati.</p><p title="III q. 52 a. 6 co."><a name="49241"><span class="ref">[49241] IIIª q. 52 a. 6 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3505 dicendum quod, sicut supra dictum est, Christus, descendens ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3506 Inferos, operatus est in virtute suae passionis. Et ideo eius
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3507 descensus ad Inferos illis solis liberationis contulit fructum qui
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3508 fuerunt passioni Christi coniuncti per fidem caritate formatam, per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3509 quam peccata tolluntur. Illi autem qui erant in Inferno damnatorum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3510 aut penitus fidem passionis Christi non habuerant, sicut infideles,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3511 aut, si fidem habuerant, nullam conformitatem habebant ad caritatem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3512 Christi patientis. Unde nec a peccatis suis erant mundati. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3513 propter hoc descensus Christi ad Inferos non contulit eis
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3514 liberationem a reatu poenae infernalis.</p><p title="III q. 52 a. 6 ad 1"><a name="49242"><span class="ref">[49242] IIIª q. 52 a. 6 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3515 dicendum quod, Christo descendente ad Inferos, omnes qui erant in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3516 quacumque parte Inferni, sunt aliqualiter visitati, sed quidam ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3517 suam consolationem et liberationem; quidam autem ad suam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3518 confutationem et confusionem, scilicet damnati. Unde ibidem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3519 subditur, <i>et erubescet luna, et confundetur sol,</i> et cetera.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3520 Potest etiam hoc referri ad visitationem qua visitabuntur in die
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3521 iudicii, non ut liberentur, sed ut condemnentur amplius, secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3522 illud Sophon. I, <i>visitabo super viros defixos in faecibus
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3523 suis</i>.</p><p title="III q. 52 a. 6 ad 2"><a name="49243"><span class="ref">[49243] IIIª q. 52 a. 6 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3524 dicendum quod, cum dicitur in Glossa, <i>ubi nulla misericordia eos
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3525 refrigerabat</i>, intelligendum est quantum ad refrigerium
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3526 perfectae liberationis. Quia sancti patres ab illis Inferni
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3527 carceribus ante Christi adventum non poterant liberari.</p><p title="III q. 52 a. 6 ad 3"><a name="49244"><span class="ref">[49244] IIIª q. 52 a. 6 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3528 dicendum quod non fuit propter Christi impotentiam quod non sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3529 aliqui liberati de quolibet statu infernalium, sicut de quolibet
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3530 statu mundanorum, sed propter diversam utrorumque conditionem. Nam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3531 homines quandiu hic vivunt, possunt ad fidem et caritatem converti,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3532 quia in hac vita non sunt homines confirmati in bono vel in malo,
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3533 sicut post exitum ab hac vita.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 7</h3><p title="III q. 52 a. 7 arg. 1"><a name="49245"><span class="ref">[49245] IIIª q. 52 a. 7 arg. 1</span></a> Ad septimum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3534 sic proceditur. Videtur quod pueri qui cum originali peccato
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3535 decesserant, fuerint per descensum Christi liberati. Non enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3536 tenebantur in Inferno nisi pro peccato originali, sicut et sancti
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3537 patres. Sed sancti patres sunt ab Inferno liberati per Christum, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3538 supra dictum est. Ergo et pueri similiter per Christum sunt ab
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3539 Inferno liberati.</p><p title="III q. 52 a. 7 arg. 2"><a name="49246"><span class="ref">[49246] IIIª q. 52 a. 7 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3540 apostolus dicit, Rom. V, <i>si unius delicto multi mortui sunt,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3541 multo magis gratia Dei et donum, in gratia unius hominis Iesu
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3542 Christi, in plures abundavit</i>. Sed propter peccatum primi
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3543 parentis pueri cum solo peccato originali decedentes in Inferno
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3544 detinentur. Ergo multo magis per gratiam Christi sunt ab Inferno
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3545 liberati.</p><p title="III q. 52 a. 7 arg. 3"><a name="49247"><span class="ref">[49247] IIIª q. 52 a. 7 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3546 sicut Baptismus operatur in virtute passionis Christi, ita et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3547 descensus Christi ad Inferos, ut ex dictis patet. Sed pueri per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3548 Baptismum liberantur a peccato originali et ab Inferno. Ergo
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3549 similiter liberati sunt per descensum Christi ad Inferos.</p><p title="III q. 52 a. 7 s. c."><a name="49248"><span class="ref">[49248] IIIª q. 52 a. 7 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3550 quod apostolus dicit, Rom. III, quod <i>Deus proposuit Christum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3551 propitiatorem per fidem in sanguine eius</i>. Sed pueri qui cum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3552 solo peccato originali decesserant, nullo modo fuerant participes
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3553 fidei. Ergo non perceperunt fructum propitiationis Christi, ut per
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3554 ipsum ab Inferno liberarentur.</p><p title="III q. 52 a. 7 co."><a name="49249"><span class="ref">[49249] IIIª q. 52 a. 7 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3555 dicendum quod, sicut supra dictum est, descensus Christi ad Inferos
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3556 in illis solis effectum habuit qui per fidem et caritatem passioni
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3557 Christi coniungebantur, in cuius virtute descensus Christi ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3558 Inferos liberatorius erat. Pueri autem qui cum originali
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3559 decesserant, nullo modo fuerant coniuncti passioni Christi per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3560 fidem et dilectionem, neque enim fidem propriam habere potuerant,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3561 quia non habuerant usum liberi arbitrii; neque per fidem parentum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3562 aut per aliquod fidei sacramentum fuerant a peccato originali
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3563 mundati. Et ideo descensus Christi ad Inferos huiusmodi pueros non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3564 liberavit ab Inferno. Et praeterea per hoc sancti patres ab Inferno
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3565 sunt liberati quia sunt ad gloriam divinae visionis admissi, ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3566 quam nullus potest pervenire nisi per gratiam, secundum illud Rom.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3567 VI, <i>gratia Dei vita aeterna</i>. Cum igitur pueri cum originali
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3568 decedentes gratiam non habuerint, non fuerunt ab Inferno
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3569 liberati.</p><p title="III q. 52 a. 7 ad 1"><a name="49250"><span class="ref">[49250] IIIª q. 52 a. 7 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3570 dicendum quod sancti patres, etsi adhuc tenerentur adstricti reatu
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3571 originalis peccati inquantum respicit humanam naturam, tamen
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3572 liberati erant per fidem Christi ab omni macula peccati, et ideo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3573 capaces erant illius liberationis quam Christus attulit descendens
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3574 ad Inferos. Sed hoc de pueris dici non potest, ut ex supra dictis
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3575 patet.</p><p title="III q. 52 a. 7 ad 2"><a name="49251"><span class="ref">[49251] IIIª q. 52 a. 7 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3576 dicendum quod, cum apostolus dicit, <i>gratia Dei in plures
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3577 abundavit</i>, ly plures non est accipiendum comparative, quasi
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3578 plures numero sint salvati per gratiam Christi quam damnati per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3579 peccatum Adae, sed absolute, ac si diceret quod gratia unius
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3580 Christi abundavit in multos, sicut et peccatum unius Adae pervenit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3581 ad multos. Sed sicut peccatum Adae ad eos tantum pervenit qui per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3582 seminalem rationem carnaliter ab eo descenderunt, ita gratia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3583 Christi ad illos tantum pervenit qui spirituali regeneratione eius
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3584 membra sunt facti. Quod non competit pueris decedentibus cum
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3585 originali peccato.</p><p title="III q. 52 a. 7 ad 3"><a name="49252"><span class="ref">[49252] IIIª q. 52 a. 7 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3586 dicendum quod Baptismus adhibetur hominibus in hac vita, in qua
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3587 homo potest transmutari de culpa in gratiam. Sed descensus Christi
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3588 ad Inferos exhibitus fuit animabus post hanc vitam, ubi non sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3589 capaces transmutationis praedictae. Et ideo per Baptismum pueri
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3590 liberantur a peccato originali et ab Inferno, non autem per
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3591 descensum Christi ad Inferos.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 8</h3><p title="III q. 52 a. 8 arg. 1"><a name="49253"><span class="ref">[49253] IIIª q. 52 a. 8 arg. 1</span></a> Ad octavum sic
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3592 proceditur. Videtur quod Christus suo descensu ad Inferos
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3593 liberaverit animas a Purgatorio. Dicit enim Augustinus, in epistola
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3594 ad Evodium, <i>quia evidentia testimonia et Infernum commemorant et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3595 dolores, nulla causa occurrit cur illo credatur venisse salvator,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3596 nisi ut ab eisdem doloribus salvos faceret. Sed utrum omnes quos in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3597 eis invenit, an quosdam, quos illo beneficio dignos iudicavit,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3598 adhuc requiro. Tamen venisse Christum apud Inferos, et in eorum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3599 doloribus constitutis hoc beneficium praestitisse, non dubito</i>.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3600 Non autem praestitit beneficium liberationis damnatis, sicut supra
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3601 dictum est. Praeter eos autem nulli sunt in doloribus poenalibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3602 constituti nisi illi qui sunt in Purgatorio. Ergo Christus animas
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3603 de Purgatorio liberavit.</p><p title="III q. 52 a. 8 arg. 2"><a name="49254"><span class="ref">[49254] IIIª q. 52 a. 8 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3604 ipsa animae Christi praesentia non minorem effectum habuit quam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3605 sacramenta ipsius. Sed per sacramenta Christi liberantur animae a
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3606 Purgatorio, et praecipue per Eucharistiae sacramentum, ut infra
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3607 dicetur. Ergo multo magis per praesentiam Christi ad Inferos
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3608 descendentis sunt animae a Purgatorio liberatae.</p><p title="III q. 52 a. 8 arg. 3"><a name="49255"><span class="ref">[49255] IIIª q. 52 a. 8 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3609 Christus quoscumque curavit in hac vita, totaliter curavit, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3610 Augustinus dicit, in libro de poenitentia. Et Ioan. VII dominus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3611 dicit, <i>totum hominem salvum feci in sabbato</i>. Sed Christus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3612 eos qui in Purgatorio erant, liberavit a reatu poenae damni, quo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3613 excludebantur a gloria. Ergo etiam liberavit eos a reatu poenae
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3614 Purgatorii.</p><p title="III q. 52 a. 8 s. c."><a name="49256"><span class="ref">[49256] IIIª q. 52 a. 8 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3615 quod Gregorius dicit, XIII Moral., <i>dum conditor ac redemptor
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3616 noster, claustra Inferni penetrans, electorum exinde animas eduxit,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3617 nos illo ire non patitur, unde iam alios descendendo liberavit</i>.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3618 Patitur autem nos ire ad Purgatorium. Ergo, descendens ad Inferos,
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3619 animas a Purgatorio non liberavit.</p><p title="III q. 52 a. 8 co."><a name="49257"><span class="ref">[49257] IIIª q. 52 a. 8 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3620 dicendum quod, sicut saepe dictum est, descensus Christi ad Inferos
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
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3621 liberatorius fuit in virtute passionis ipsius. Passio autem eius
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3622 non habuit temporalem virtutem et transitoriam sed sempiternam,
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3623 secundum illud Heb. X, <i>una oblatione consummavit sanctificatos
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3624 in sempiternum</i>. Et sic patet quod non habuit tunc maiorem
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3625 efficaciam passio Christi quam habeat nunc. Et ideo illi qui
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3626 fuerunt tales quales nunc sunt qui in Purgatorio detinentur, non
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3627 fuerunt a Purgatorio liberati per descensum Christi ad Inferos. Si
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3628 qui autem inventi sunt ibi tales quales etiam nunc virtute
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3629 passionis Christi a Purgatorio liberantur, tales nihil prohibet per
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3630 descensum Christi ad Inferos a Purgatorio esse liberatos.</p><p title="III q. 52 a. 8 ad 1"><a name="49258"><span class="ref">[49258] IIIª q. 52 a. 8 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
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3631 dicendum quod ex illa auctoritate Augustini non potest concludi
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3632 quod omnes illi qui in Purgatorio erant, fuerint a Purgatorio
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3633 liberati, sed quod aliquibus eorum fuerit hoc beneficium collatum,
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3634 illis scilicet qui iam sufficienter purgati erant; vel etiam qui,
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3635 dum adhuc viverent, meruerunt per fidem et dilectionem, et
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3636 devotionem ad mortem Christi, ut, eo descendente, liberarentur a
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3637 temporali Purgatorii poena.</p><p title="III q. 52 a. 8 ad 2"><a name="49259"><span class="ref">[49259] IIIª q. 52 a. 8 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
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3638 dicendum quod virtus Christi operatur in sacramentis per modum
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3639 sanationis et expiationis cuiusdam. Unde sacramentum Eucharistiae
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3640 liberat homines a Purgatorio inquantum est quoddam sacrificium
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3641 satisfactorium pro peccato. Descensus autem Christi ad Inferos non
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3642 fuit satisfactorius. Operabatur tamen in virtute passionis, quae
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3643 fuit satisfactoria, ut supra habitum est, sed erat satisfactoria in
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3644 generali, cuius virtutem oportebat applicari ad unumquemque per
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3645 aliquid specialiter ad ipsum pertinens. Et ideo non oportet quod
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3646 per descensum Christi ad Inferos omnes fuerint a Purgatorio
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3647 liberati.</p><p title="III q. 52 a. 8 ad 3"><a name="49260"><span class="ref">[49260] IIIª q. 52 a. 8 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
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3648 dicendum quod illi defectus a quibus Christus simul in hoc mundo
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3649 homines liberabat, erant personales, proprie ad unumquemque
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3650 pertinentes. Sed exclusio a gloria Dei erat quidam defectus
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3651 generalis pertinens ad totam humanam naturam. Et ideo nihil
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3652 prohibet eos qui erant in Purgatorio, per Christum esse liberatos
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3653 ab exclusione a gloria, non autem a reatu poenae Purgatorii, qui
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3654 pertinet ad proprium defectum. Sicut e converso sancti patres, ante
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3655 Christi adventum, liberati sunt a propriis defectibus, non autem a
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3656 defectu communi, sicut supra dictum est.</p></div></div><div class="centro"><br/>
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3657 <p><a href="sth4040.html"><img alt="age retro" border="0" align="middle" height="19" width="19" src="icons/ageretro.gif"/></a>  
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3658 <a href="sth4053.html"><img alt="age ultra" border="0" align="middle" height="19" width="19" src="icons/ageultra.gif"/></a></p>
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3659 <br/>
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3660 <hr/>
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3661 <br/>
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3662 <address>© 2006 Fundación Tomás de Aquino quoad
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3663 hanc editionem<br/>
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3664 Iura omnia asservantur<br/>
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3665 OCLC nr. <a style="text-decoration=none" href="http://worldcatlibraries.org/wcpa/oclc/49644264">49644264</a></address>
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3666 </div></body>
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3667 </html>