annotate summa/latin/sth3144.html @ 53:d777cc3962f2

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date Mon, 28 Dec 2009 13:00:58 +0000
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1 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
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2 <!DOCTYPE html
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3 PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "file:///c:/cygwin/usr/local/share/lib/xml/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
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4 <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="LA" lang="LA">
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5 <head>
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6 <meta content="HTML Tidy for Windows (vers 1st February 2005), see www.w3.org" name="generator"/>
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7 <meta content="text/html; charset=us-ascii" http-equiv="Content-Type"/>
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8 <meta content="text/css" http-equiv="Content-Style-Type"/>
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9 <meta content="text/javascript" http-equiv="Content-Script-Type"/>
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10 <meta content="Thomas de Aquino, Summa Theologiae, Corpus Thomisticum" name="keywords"/>
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11 <meta content="Latin" name="language"/>
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12 <meta content="public" name="security"/>
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13 <meta content="ealarcon@unav.es" name="owner"/>
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14 <meta content="Enrique Alarcón" name="author"/>
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15 <meta content="" name="abstract"/>
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17 <link type="text/css" href="vprint.css" media="print" rel="stylesheet"/>
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18 <title>Thomas de Aquino, Summa Theologiae, IIª-IIae q.
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19 144-145</title>
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20 </head>
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21 <body><a href="http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/"/><div class="tres">CORPUS THOMISTICUM</div><div class="uno">Sancti Thomae de Aquino</div><div class="uno">Summa Theologiae</div><div class="dos">secunda pars secundae partis a quaestione CXLIV ad
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22 CXLV</div><div class="centro">
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23 <table summary="Imago" align="center">
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24 <tr>
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25 <th><img align="middle" alt="Thomas de Aquino a Filippino Lippi depictus (Cappella Carafa, S. Maria sopra Minerva, Roma)" border="0" height="190" width="275" src="icons/fugit190.jpg"/></th>
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26 </tr>
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27 </table>
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28 <br/>
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29 <span class="tres">Textum Leoninum Romae 1899 editum<br/>
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30 ac automato translatum a Roberto Busa SJ in taenias
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31 magneticas<br/>
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32 denuo recognovit Enrique Alarcón atque instruxit<br/>
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33 <br/></span><br/>
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34 <hr/>
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35 <br/>
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36 <p><a href="sth3143.html"><img alt="age retro" border="0" align="middle" height="19" width="19" src="icons/ageretro.gif"/></a>  
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37 <a href="sth3146.html"><img alt="age ultra" border="0" align="middle" height="19" width="19" src="icons/ageultra.gif"/></a></p>
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38 <script type="text/javascript" language="JavaScript">
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39 //
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40 &lt;!--
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41 // original code by Bill Trefzger 12/12/96; revised by Enrique Alarcon 12/9/2000
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42 function go(){if(document.selecter.select1.options[document.selecter.select1.selectedIndex].value !="none"){location=document.selecter.select1.options[document.selecter.select1.selectedIndex].value}}
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45 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="none"&gt;------------------------------------------------');
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132 // --&gt;
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133 //
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135 <hr/>
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136 <br/></div><div class="q" id="q144"><h2>Quaestio 144</h2><div class="p"><h3>Prooemium</h3><p title="II-II q. 144 pr."><a name="44724"><span class="ref">[44724] IIª-IIae, q. 144 pr.</span></a> Deinde
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137 considerandum est de partibus temperantiae in speciali. Et primo,
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138 de partibus quasi integralibus, quae sunt verecundia et honestas.
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139 Circa verecundiam autem quaeruntur quatuor. Primo, utrum verecundia
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140 sit virtus. Secundo, de quibus sit verecundia. Tertio, a quibus
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141 homo verecundetur. Quarto, quorum sit verecundari.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 1</h3><p title="II-II q. 144 a. 1 arg. 1"><a name="44725"><span class="ref">[44725] IIª-IIae, q. 144 a. 1 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
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142 primum sic proceditur. Videtur quod verecundia sit virtus. <i>Esse
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143 enim in medio secundum determinationem rationis est proprium
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144 virtutis</i>, ut patet ex definitione virtutis quae ponitur in II
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145 Ethic. Sed verecundia consistit in tali medio, ut patet per
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146 philosophum, in II Ethic. Ergo verecundia est virtus.</p><p title="II-II q. 144 a. 1 arg. 2"><a name="44726"><span class="ref">[44726] IIª-IIae, q. 144 a. 1 arg. 2</span></a>
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147 Praeterea, omne laudabile vel est virtus, vel ad virtutem pertinet.
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148 Sed verecundia est quiddam laudabile. Non est autem pars alicuius
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149 virtutis. Non enim est pars prudentiae, quia non est in ratione,
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150 sed in appetitu. Neque etiam est pars iustitiae, quia verecundia
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151 passionem quandam importat, iustitia autem non est circa passiones.
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152 Similiter etiam non est pars fortitudinis, quia ad fortitudinem
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153 pertinet persistere et aggredi, ad verecundiam autem refugere
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154 aliquid. Neque etiam est pars temperantiae, quia temperantia est
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155 circa concupiscentias, verecundia autem est timor quidam, ut patet
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156 per philosophum, in IV Ethic., et per Damascenum, in II libro. Ergo
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157 relinquitur quod verecundia sit virtus.</p><p title="II-II q. 144 a. 1 arg. 3"><a name="44727"><span class="ref">[44727] IIª-IIae, q. 144 a. 1 arg. 3</span></a>
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158 Praeterea, honestum cum virtute convertitur, ut patet per Tullium,
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159 in I de Offic. Sed verecundia est quaedam pars honestatis, dicit
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160 enim Ambrosius, in I de Offic., quod <i>verecundia socia ac
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161 familiaris est mentis placiditati, proterviam fugitans, ab omni
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162 luxu aliena, sobrietatem diligit, et honestatem fovet, et decorem
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163 requirit</i>. Ergo verecundia est virtus.</p><p title="II-II q. 144 a. 1 arg. 4"><a name="44728"><span class="ref">[44728] IIª-IIae, q. 144 a. 1 arg. 4</span></a>
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164 Praeterea, omne vitium opponitur alicui virtuti. Sed quaedam vitia
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165 opponuntur verecundiae, scilicet inverecundia et inordinatus
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166 stupor. Ergo verecundia est virtus.</p><p title="II-II q. 144 a. 1 arg. 5"><a name="44729"><span class="ref">[44729] IIª-IIae, q. 144 a. 1 arg. 5</span></a>
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167 <i>Praeterea, ex actibus similes habitus generantur</i>, ut dicitur
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168 in II Ethic. Sed verecundia importat actum laudabilem. Ergo ex
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169 multis talibus actibus causatur habitus. Sed habitus laudabilium
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170 operum est virtus, ut patet per philosophum, in I Ethic. Ergo
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171 verecundia est virtus.</p><p title="II-II q. 144 a. 1 s. c."><a name="44730"><span class="ref">[44730] IIª-IIae, q. 144 a. 1 s. c.</span></a> Sed
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172 contra est quod philosophus, in II et IV Ethic., dicit verecundiam
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173 non esse virtutem.</p><p title="II-II q. 144 a. 1 co."><a name="44731"><span class="ref">[44731] IIª-IIae, q. 144 a. 1 co.</span></a> Respondeo
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174 dicendum quod virtus dupliciter accipitur, proprie scilicet, et
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175 communiter. Proprie quidem virtus perfectio quaedam est, ut dicitur
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176 in VII Physic. Et ideo omne illud quod repugnat perfectioni, etiam
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177 si sit bonum, deficit a ratione virtutis. Verecundia autem repugnat
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178 perfectioni. Est enim timor alicuius turpis, quod scilicet est
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179 exprobrabile, unde Damascenus dicit quod verecundia est timor de
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180 turpi actu. Sicut autem spes est de bono possibili et arduo, ita
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181 etiam timor est de malo possibili et arduo, ut supra habitum est,
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182 cum de passionibus ageretur. Ille autem qui est perfectus secundum
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183 habitum virtutis, non apprehendit aliquod exprobrabile et turpe ad
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184 faciendum ut possibile et arduum, idest difficile ad vitandum,
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185 neque etiam actu facit aliquid turpe, unde opprobrium timeat. Unde
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186 verecundia, proprie loquendo, non est virtus, deficit enim a
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187 perfectione virtutis. Communiter autem virtus dicitur omne quod est
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188 bonum et laudabile in humanis actibus vel passionibus. Et secundum
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189 hoc, verecundia quandoque dicitur virtus, cum sit quaedam
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190 laudabilis passio.</p><p title="II-II q. 144 a. 1 ad 1"><a name="44732"><span class="ref">[44732] IIª-IIae, q. 144 a. 1 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
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191 ergo dicendum quod esse in medio non sufficit ad rationem virtutis,
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192 quamvis sit una particula posita in virtutis definitione, sed
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193 requiritur ulterius quod sit habitus electivus, idest ex electione
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194 operans. Verecundia autem non nominat habitum, sed passionem. Neque
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195 motus eius est ex electione, sed ex impetu quodam passionis. Unde
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196 deficit a ratione virtutis.</p><p title="II-II q. 144 a. 1 ad 2"><a name="44733"><span class="ref">[44733] IIª-IIae, q. 144 a. 1 ad 2</span></a> Ad
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197 secundum dicendum quod, sicut dictum est, verecundia est timor
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198 turpitudinis et exprobrationis. Dictum est autem supra quod vitium
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199 intemperantiae est turpissimum et maxime exprobrabile. Et ideo
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200 verecundia principalius pertinet ad temperantiam quam ad aliquam
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201 aliam virtutem, ratione motivi, quod est turpe, non autem secundum
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202 speciem passionis, quae est timor. Secundum tamen quod vitia aliis
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203 virtutibus opposita sunt turpia et exprobrabilia, potest etiam
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204 verecundia ad alias virtutes pertinere.</p><p title="II-II q. 144 a. 1 ad 3"><a name="44734"><span class="ref">[44734] IIª-IIae, q. 144 a. 1 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
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205 dicendum quod verecundia fovet honestatem removendo ea quae sunt
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206 honestati contraria, non ita quod pertingat ad perfectam rationem
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207 honestatis.</p><p title="II-II q. 144 a. 1 ad 4"><a name="44735"><span class="ref">[44735] IIª-IIae, q. 144 a. 1 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
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208 dicendum quod quilibet defectus causat vitium, non autem quodlibet
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209 bonum sufficit ad rationem virtutis. Et ideo non oportet quod omne
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210 illud cui directe opponitur vitium, sit virtus. Quamvis omne vitium
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211 opponatur alicui virtuti secundum suam originem. Et sic
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212 inverecundia, inquantum provenit ex nimio amore turpitudinum,
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213 opponitur temperantiae.</p><p title="II-II q. 144 a. 1 ad 5"><a name="44736"><span class="ref">[44736] IIª-IIae, q. 144 a. 1 ad 5</span></a> Ad quintum
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214 dicendum quod ex multoties verecundari causatur habitus virtutis
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215 acquisitae per quam aliquis turpia vitet, de quibus est verecundia,
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216 non autem ut aliquis ulterius verecundetur. Sed ex illo habitu
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217 virtutis acquisitae sic se habet aliquis quod magis verecundaretur
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218 si materia verecundiae adesset.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 2</h3><p title="II-II q. 144 a. 2 arg. 1"><a name="44737"><span class="ref">[44737] IIª-IIae, q. 144 a. 2 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
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219 secundum sic proceditur. Videtur quod verecundia non sit de turpi
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220 actu. Dicit enim philosophus, in IV Ethic., quod verecundia est
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221 timor ingloriationis. Sed quandoque illi qui nihil turpe operantur,
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222 ingloriationem sustinent, secundum illud Psalmi, <i>propter te
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223 sustinui opprobrium, operuit confusio faciem meam</i>. Ergo
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224 verecundia non est proprie de turpi actu.</p><p title="II-II q. 144 a. 2 arg. 2"><a name="44738"><span class="ref">[44738] IIª-IIae, q. 144 a. 2 arg. 2</span></a>
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225 Praeterea, illa solum videntur esse turpia quae habent rationem
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226 peccati. Sed de quibusdam homo verecundatur quae non sunt peccata,
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227 puta si aliquis exerceat servilia opera. Ergo videtur quod
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228 verecundia non sit proprie de turpi actu.</p><p title="II-II q. 144 a. 2 arg. 3"><a name="44739"><span class="ref">[44739] IIª-IIae, q. 144 a. 2 arg. 3</span></a>
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229 Praeterea, operationes virtutum non sunt turpes, sed pulcherrimae,
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230 ut dicitur in I Ethic. Sed quandoque aliqui verecundantur aliqua
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231 opera virtutis facere, ut dicitur Luc. IX, <i>qui erubuerit me et
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232 meos sermones, hunc filius hominis erubescet</i>, et cetera. Ergo
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233 verecundia non est de turpi actu.</p><p title="II-II q. 144 a. 2 arg. 4"><a name="44740"><span class="ref">[44740] IIª-IIae, q. 144 a. 2 arg. 4</span></a>
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234 Praeterea, si verecundia proprie esset de turpi actu, oporteret
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235 quod de magis turpibus homo magis verecundaretur. Sed quandoque
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236 homo plus verecundatur de his quae sunt minus peccata, cum tamen de
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237 gravissimis quibusdam peccatis glorientur, secundum illud Psalmi,
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238 <i>quid gloriaris in malitia?</i> Ergo verecundia non proprie est
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239 de turpi actu.</p><p title="II-II q. 144 a. 2 s. c."><a name="44741"><span class="ref">[44741] IIª-IIae, q. 144 a. 2 s. c.</span></a> Sed
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240 contra est quod Damascenus dicit, in II libro, et Gregorius
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241 Nyssenus, quod <i>verecundia est timor in turpi actu, vel in turpi
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242 perpetrato</i>.</p><p title="II-II q. 144 a. 2 co."><a name="44742"><span class="ref">[44742] IIª-IIae, q. 144 a. 2 co.</span></a> Respondeo
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243 dicendum quod, sicut supra dictum est, cum de passione timoris
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244 ageretur, timor proprie est de malo arduo, quod scilicet difficile
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245 vitatur. Est autem duplex turpitudo. Una quidem vitiosa, quae
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246 scilicet consistit in deformitate actus voluntarii. Et haec,
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247 proprie loquendo, non habet rationem mali ardui, quod enim in sola
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248 voluntate consistit, non videtur esse arduum et elevatum supra
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249 hominis potestatem, et propter hoc non apprehenditur sub ratione
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250 terribilis. Et propter hoc philosophus dicit, in II Rhet., quod
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251 horum malorum non est timor. Alia autem est turpitudo quasi
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252 poenalis, quae quidem consistit in vituperatione alicuius, sicut
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253 quaedam claritas gloriae consistit in honoratione alicuius. Et quia
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254 huiusmodi vituperium habet rationem mali ardui, sicut honor habet
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255 rationem boni ardui; verecundia, quae est timor turpitudinis, primo
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256 et principaliter respicit vituperium seu opprobrium. Et quia
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257 vituperium proprie debetur vitio, sicut honor virtuti, ideo etiam
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258 ex consequenti verecundia respicit turpitudinem vitiosam. Unde,
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259 sicut philosophus dicit, in II Rhet., minus homo verecundatur de
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260 defectibus qui non ex eius culpa proveniunt. Respicit autem
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261 verecundia culpam dupliciter. Uno modo, ut aliquis desinat vitiosa
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262 agere, propter timorem vituperii. Alio modo, ut homo in turpibus
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263 quae agit vitet publicos conspectus, propter timorem vituperii.
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264 Quorum primum, secundum Gregorium Nyssenum, pertinet ad
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265 erubescentiam, secundum ad verecundiam, unde ipse dicit quod <i>qui
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266 verecundatur, occultat se in his quae agit, qui vero erubescit,
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267 timet incidere in ingloriationem</i>.</p><p title="II-II q. 144 a. 2 ad 1"><a name="44743"><span class="ref">[44743] IIª-IIae, q. 144 a. 2 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
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268 ergo dicendum quod verecundia proprie respicit ingloriationem
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269 secundum quod debetur culpae, quae est defectus voluntarius. Unde
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270 philosophus dicit, in II Rhet., quod <i>omnia illa homo magis
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271 verecundatur quorum ipse est causa</i>. Opprobria autem quae
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272 inferuntur alicui propter virtutem, virtuosus quidem contemnit,
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273 quia indigne sibi irrogantur, sicut de magnanimis philosophus
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274 dicit, in IV Ethic.; et de apostolis dicitur Act. V, quod <i>ibant
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275 apostoli gaudentes a conspectu Concilii, quoniam digni habiti sunt
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276 pro nomine Iesu contumeliam pati</i>. Ex imperfectione autem
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277 virtutis contingit quod aliquis verecundetur de opprobriis quae
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278 sibi inferuntur propter virtutem, quia quanto aliquis est magis
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279 virtuosus, tanto magis contemnit exteriora bona vel mala. Unde
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280 dicitur Isaiae li, <i>noli timere opprobrium hominum</i>.</p><p title="II-II q. 144 a. 2 ad 2"><a name="44744"><span class="ref">[44744] IIª-IIae, q. 144 a. 2 ad 2</span></a> Ad
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281 secundum dicendum quod sicut honor, ut supra habitum est, quamvis
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282 non debeatur vere nisi soli virtuti, respicit tamen quandam
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283 excellentiam; ita etiam vituperium, quamvis debeatur proprie soli
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284 culpae, respicit tamen, ad minus secundum opinionem hominum,
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285 quemcumque defectum. Et ideo de paupertate et ignobilitate et
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286 servitute, et aliis huiusmodi, aliquis verecundatur.</p><p title="II-II q. 144 a. 2 ad 3"><a name="44745"><span class="ref">[44745] IIª-IIae, q. 144 a. 2 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
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287 dicendum quod de operibus virtuosis in se consideratis non est
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288 verecundia. Contingit tamen per accidens quod aliquis de eis
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289 verecundetur, vel inquantum habentur ut vitiosa secundum hominum
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290 opinionem; vel inquantum homo refugit in operibus virtutis notam de
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291 praesumptione, aut etiam de simulatione.</p><p title="II-II q. 144 a. 2 ad 4"><a name="44746"><span class="ref">[44746] IIª-IIae, q. 144 a. 2 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
28
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292 dicendum quod quandoque contingit aliqua graviora peccata minus
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293 esse verecundabilia, vel quia habent minus de ratione turpitudinis,
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294 sicut peccata spiritualia quam carnalia, vel quia in quodam excessu
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295 temporalis boni se habent, sicut magis verecundatur homo de
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296 timiditate quam de audacia, et de furto quam de rapina, propter
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297 quandam speciem potestatis. Et simile est in aliis.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 3</h3><p title="II-II q. 144 a. 3 arg. 1"><a name="44747"><span class="ref">[44747] IIª-IIae, q. 144 a. 3 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
28
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298 tertium sic proceditur. Videtur quod homo non magis verecundetur a
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299 personis coniunctis. Dicitur enim in II Rhet. quod <i>homines magis
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300 erubescunt ab illis a quibus volunt in admiratione haberi</i>. Sed
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301 hoc maxime appetit homo a melioribus, qui quandoque non sunt magis
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302 coniuncti. Ergo homo non magis erubescit de magis coniunctis.</p><p title="II-II q. 144 a. 3 arg. 2"><a name="44748"><span class="ref">[44748] IIª-IIae, q. 144 a. 3 arg. 2</span></a>
28
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303 Praeterea, illi videntur esse magis coniuncti qui sunt similium
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304 operum. Sed homo non erubescit de suo peccato ab his quos scit
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305 simili peccato subiacere, quia sicut dicitur in II Rhet., <i>quae
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306 quis ipse facit, haec proximis non vetat</i>. Ergo homo non magis
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307 verecundatur a maxime coniunctis.</p><p title="II-II q. 144 a. 3 arg. 3"><a name="44749"><span class="ref">[44749] IIª-IIae, q. 144 a. 3 arg. 3</span></a>
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308 Praeterea, philosophus dicit, in II Rhet., quod <i>homo magis
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309 verecundatur ab his qui propalant multis quod sciunt, sicut sunt
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310 irrisores et fabularum fictores</i>. Sed illi qui sunt magis
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311 coniuncti non solent vitia propalare. Ergo ab eis non maxime est
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312 verecundandum.</p><p title="II-II q. 144 a. 3 arg. 4"><a name="44750"><span class="ref">[44750] IIª-IIae, q. 144 a. 3 arg. 4</span></a>
28
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313 Praeterea, philosophus, ibidem, dicit quod <i>homines maxime
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314 verecundantur ab eis inter quos in nullo defecerunt; et ab eis a
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315 quibus primo aliquid postulant; et quorum nunc primo volunt esse
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316 amici</i>. Huiusmodi autem sunt minus coniuncti. Ergo non magis
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317 verecundatur homo de magis coniunctis.</p><p title="II-II q. 144 a. 3 s. c."><a name="44751"><span class="ref">[44751] IIª-IIae, q. 144 a. 3 s. c.</span></a> Sed
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318 contra est quod dicitur in II Rhet., quod <i>eos qui semper
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319 aderunt, homines magis erubescunt</i>.</p><p title="II-II q. 144 a. 3 co."><a name="44752"><span class="ref">[44752] IIª-IIae, q. 144 a. 3 co.</span></a> Respondeo
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320 dicendum quod, cum vituperium opponatur honori, sicut honor
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321 importat testimonium quoddam de excellentia alicuius, et praecipue
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322 quae est secundum virtutem; ita etiam opprobrium, cuius timor est
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323 verecundia, importat testimonium de defectu alicuius, et praecipue
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324 secundum aliquam culpam. Et ideo quanto testimonium alicuius
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325 reputatur maioris ponderis, tanto ab eo aliquis magis verecundatur.
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326 Potest autem testimonium aliquod maioris ponderis reputari vel
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327 propter eius certitudinem veritatis vel propter effectum. Certitudo
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328 autem veritatis adest testimonio alicuius propter duo. Uno quidem
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329 modo, propter rectitudinem iudicii, sicut patet de sapientibus et
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330 virtuosis, a quibus homo et magis desiderat honorari, et magis
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331 verecundatur. Unde a pueris et bestiis nullus verecundatur, propter
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332 defectum recti iudicii qui est in eis. Alio modo, propter
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333 cognitionem eorum de quibus est testimonium, quia unusquisque bene
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334 iudicat quae cognoscit. Et sic magis verecundamur a personis
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335 coniunctis, quae magis facta nostra considerant. A peregrinis autem
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336 et omnino ignotis, ad quos facta nostra non perveniunt, nullo modo
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337 verecundamur. Ex effectu autem est aliquod testimonium magni
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338 ponderis propter iuvamentum vel nocumentum ab eo proveniens. Et
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339 ideo magis desiderant homines honorari ab his qui possunt eos
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340 iuvare, et magis verecundantur ab eis qui possunt nocere. Et inde
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341 est etiam quod, quantum ad aliquid, magis verecundamur a personis
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342 coniunctis, cum quibus semper sumus conversaturi, quasi ex hoc
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343 nobis perpetuum proveniat detrimentum. Quod autem provenit a
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344 peregrinis et transeuntibus, quasi cito pertransit.</p><p title="II-II q. 144 a. 3 ad 1"><a name="44753"><span class="ref">[44753] IIª-IIae, q. 144 a. 3 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28
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345 ergo dicendum quod similis ratio est propter quam verecundamur de
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346 melioribus, et de magis coniunctis. Quia sicut meliorum testimonium
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347 reputatur magis efficax propter universalem cognitionem quam habent
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348 de rebus, et immutabilem sententiam a veritate; ita etiam
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349 familiarium personarum testimonium videtur magis efficax propter
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350 hoc quia magis cognoscunt particularia quae circa nos sunt.</p><p title="II-II q. 144 a. 3 ad 2"><a name="44754"><span class="ref">[44754] IIª-IIae, q. 144 a. 3 ad 2</span></a> Ad
28
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351 secundum dicendum quod testimonium eorum qui sunt nobis coniuncti
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352 in similitudine peccati, non reformidamus, quia non aestimamus quod
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353 defectum nostrum apprehendant ut aliquid turpe.</p><p title="II-II q. 144 a. 3 ad 3"><a name="44755"><span class="ref">[44755] IIª-IIae, q. 144 a. 3 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
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354 dicendum quod a propalantibus verecundamur propter nocumentum inde
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355 proveniens, quod est diffamatio apud multos.</p><p title="II-II q. 144 a. 3 ad 4"><a name="44756"><span class="ref">[44756] IIª-IIae, q. 144 a. 3 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
28
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356 dicendum quod etiam ab illis inter quos nihil mali fecimus, magis
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357 verecundamur, propter nocumentum sequens, quia scilicet per hoc
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358 amittimus bonam opinionem quam de nobis habebant. Et etiam quia
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359 contraria, iuxta se posita, maiora videntur, unde cum aliquis
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360 subito de aliquo quem bonum aestimavit, aliquid turpe percipit,
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361 apprehendit hoc ut turpius. Ab illis autem a quibus aliquid de novo
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362 postulamus, vel quorum nunc primo volumus esse amici, magis
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363 verecundamur, propter nocumentum inde proveniens, quod est
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364 impedimentum implendae petitionis et amicitiae consummandae.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 4</h3><p title="II-II q. 144 a. 4 arg. 1"><a name="44757"><span class="ref">[44757] IIª-IIae, q. 144 a. 4 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
28
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365 quartum sic proceditur. Videtur quod etiam in virtuosis hominibus
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366 possit esse verecundia. Contrariorum enim contrarii sunt effectus.
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367 Sed illi qui sunt superabundantis malitiae non verecundantur,
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368 secundum illud Ierem. III, <i>species meretricis facta est tibi,
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369 nescisti erubescere</i>. Ergo illi qui sunt virtuosi magis
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370 verecundantur.</p><p title="II-II q. 144 a. 4 arg. 2"><a name="44758"><span class="ref">[44758] IIª-IIae, q. 144 a. 4 arg. 2</span></a>
28
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371 Praeterea, philosophus dicit, in II Rhet., quod <i>homines non
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372 solum erubescunt vitia, sed etiam signa vitiorum</i>. Quae quidem
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373 contingit etiam esse in virtuosis. Ergo in virtuosis potest esse
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374 verecundia.</p><p title="II-II q. 144 a. 4 arg. 3"><a name="44759"><span class="ref">[44759] IIª-IIae, q. 144 a. 4 arg. 3</span></a>
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375 Praeterea, verecundia est timor ingloriationis. Sed contingit
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376 aliquos virtuosos ingloriosos esse, puta si falso infamantur, vel
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377 etiam indigne opprobria patiantur. Ergo verecundia potest esse in
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378 homine virtuoso.</p><p title="II-II q. 144 a. 4 arg. 4"><a name="44760"><span class="ref">[44760] IIª-IIae, q. 144 a. 4 arg. 4</span></a>
28
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379 Praeterea, verecundia est pars temperantiae, ut dictum est. Pars
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380 autem non separatur a toto. Cum igitur temperantia sit in homine
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381 virtuoso, videtur quod etiam verecundia.</p><p title="II-II q. 144 a. 4 s. c."><a name="44761"><span class="ref">[44761] IIª-IIae, q. 144 a. 4 s. c.</span></a> Sed
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382 contra est quod philosophus dicit, in IV Ethic., quod <i>verecundia
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383 non est hominis studiosi</i>.</p><p title="II-II q. 144 a. 4 co."><a name="44762"><span class="ref">[44762] IIª-IIae, q. 144 a. 4 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
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384 dicendum quod, sicut dictum est, verecundia est timor alicuius
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385 turpitudinis. Quod autem aliquod malum non timeatur, potest duplici
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386 ratione contingere, uno modo, quia non aestimatur ut malum; alio
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387 modo, quia non aestimatur ut possibile, vel ut difficile vitari. Et
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388 secundum hoc, verecundia in aliquo deficit dupliciter. Uno modo,
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389 quia ea quae sunt erubescibilia, non apprehenduntur ut turpia. Et
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390 hoc modo carent verecundia homines in peccatis profundati, quibus
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391 sua peccata non displicent, sed magis de eis gloriantur. Alio modo,
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392 quia non apprehendunt turpitudinem ut possibilem sibi, vel quasi
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393 non facile vitabilem. Et hoc modo senes et virtuosi verecundia
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394 carent. Sunt tamen sic dispositi ut, si in eis esset aliquid turpe,
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395 de hoc verecundarentur, unde philosophus dicit, in IV Ethic., quod
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396 <i>verecundia est ex suppositione studiosi</i>.</p><p title="II-II q. 144 a. 4 ad 1"><a name="44763"><span class="ref">[44763] IIª-IIae, q. 144 a. 4 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
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397 ergo dicendum quod defectus verecundiae contingit in pessimis et
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398 optimis viris ex diversis causis, ut dictum est. Invenitur autem in
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399 his qui mediocriter se habent, secundum quod est in eis aliquid de
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400 amore boni, et tamen non totaliter sunt immunes a malo.</p><p title="II-II q. 144 a. 4 ad 2"><a name="44764"><span class="ref">[44764] IIª-IIae, q. 144 a. 4 ad 2</span></a> Ad
28
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401 secundum dicendum quod ad virtuosum pertinet non solum vitare
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402 vitia, sed etiam ea quae habent speciem vitiorum, secundum illud I
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403 ad Thess. V, <i>ab omni specie mala abstinete vos</i>. Et
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404 philosophus dicit, in IV Ethic., quod vitanda sunt virtuoso tam ea
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405 quae sunt mala secundum veritatem, quam ea quae sunt mala secundum
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406 opinionem.</p><p title="II-II q. 144 a. 4 ad 3"><a name="44765"><span class="ref">[44765] IIª-IIae, q. 144 a. 4 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
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407 dicendum quod infamationes et opprobria virtuosus, ut dictum est,
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408 contemnit, quasi ea quibus ipse non est dignus. Et ideo de his nemo
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409 multum verecundatur. Est tamen aliquis motus verecundiae
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410 praeveniens rationem, sicut et ceterarum passionum.</p><p title="II-II q. 144 a. 4 ad 4"><a name="44766"><span class="ref">[44766] IIª-IIae, q. 144 a. 4 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
28
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411 dicendum quod verecundia non est pars temperantiae quasi intrans
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412 essentiam eius, sed quasi dispositive se habens ad ipsam. Unde
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413 Ambrosius dicit, in I de Offic., quod <i>verecundia iacit prima
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414 temperantiae fundamenta</i>, inquantum scilicet incutit horrorem
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415 turpitudinis.</p></div></div><div class="q" id="q145"><h2>Quaestio 145</h2><div class="p"><h3>Prooemium</h3><p title="II-II q. 145 pr."><a name="44767"><span class="ref">[44767] IIª-IIae, q. 145 pr.</span></a> Deinde
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416 considerandum est de honestate. Et circa hoc quaeruntur quatuor.
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417 Primo, quomodo honestum se habeat ad virtutem. Secundo, quomodo se
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418 habeat ad decorem. Tertio, quomodo se habeat ad utile et
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419 delectabile. Quarto, utrum honestas sit pars temperantiae.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 1</h3><p title="II-II q. 145 a. 1 arg. 1"><a name="44768"><span class="ref">[44768] IIª-IIae, q. 145 a. 1 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
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420 primum sic proceditur. Videtur quod honestum non sit idem virtuti.
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421 Dicit enim Tullius, in sua rhetorica honestum esse quod propter se
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422 petitur. Virtus autem non petitur propter seipsam, sed propter
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423 felicitatem, dicit enim philosophus, in I Ethic., quod felicitas
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424 est praemium virtutis et finis. Ergo honestum non est idem
53
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425 virtuti.</p><p title="II-II q. 145 a. 1 arg. 2"><a name="44769"><span class="ref">[44769] IIª-IIae, q. 145 a. 1 arg. 2</span></a>
28
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426 Praeterea, secundum Isidorum, honestas dicitur quasi honoris
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427 status. Sed multis aliis debetur honor quam virtuti, nam virtuti
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428 proprie debetur laus, ut dicitur in I Ethic. Ergo honestas non est
53
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429 idem virtuti.</p><p title="II-II q. 145 a. 1 arg. 3"><a name="44770"><span class="ref">[44770] IIª-IIae, q. 145 a. 1 arg. 3</span></a>
28
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430 <i>Praeterea, principale virtutis consistit in interiori
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431 electione</i>, ut philosophus dicit, in VIII Ethic. Honestas autem
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432 magis videtur ad exteriorem conversationem pertinere, secundum
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433 illud I ad Cor. XIV, <i>omnia honeste et secundum ordinem fiant in
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434 vobis</i>. Ergo honestas non est idem virtuti.</p><p title="II-II q. 145 a. 1 arg. 4"><a name="44771"><span class="ref">[44771] IIª-IIae, q. 145 a. 1 arg. 4</span></a>
28
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435 Praeterea, honestas videtur consistere in exterioribus divitiis,
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436 secundum illud Eccli. XI, <i>bona et mala, vita et mors, utraque a
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437 Deo sunt</i>. Sed in exterioribus divitiis non consistit virtus.
53
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438 Ergo honestas non est idem virtuti.</p><p title="II-II q. 145 a. 1 s. c."><a name="44772"><span class="ref">[44772] IIª-IIae, q. 145 a. 1 s. c.</span></a> Sed
28
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439 contra est quod Tullius, in I de Offic. et in II Rhet., dividit
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440 honestum in quatuor virtutes principales, in quas etiam dividitur
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441 virtus. Ergo honestum est idem virtuti.</p><p title="II-II q. 145 a. 1 co."><a name="44773"><span class="ref">[44773] IIª-IIae, q. 145 a. 1 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
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442 dicendum quod, sicut Isidorus dicit, honestas dicitur quasi honoris
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443 status. Unde ex hoc videtur aliquid dici honestum, quod est honore
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444 dignum. Honor autem, ut supra dictum est, excellentiae debetur.
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445 Excellentia autem hominis maxime consideratur secundum virtutem,
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446 quia est dispositio perfecti ad optimum, ut dicitur in VII Physic.
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447 Et ideo honestum, proprie loquendo, in idem refertur cum
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448 virtute.</p><p title="II-II q. 145 a. 1 ad 1"><a name="44774"><span class="ref">[44774] IIª-IIae, q. 145 a. 1 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28
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449 ergo dicendum quod, sicut philosophus dicit, in I Ethic., eorum
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450 quae propter se appetuntur, quaedam appetuntur solum propter se, et
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451 nunquam propter aliud, sicut felicitas, quae est ultimus finis.
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452 Quaedam vero appetuntur et propter se, inquantum habent in seipsis
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453 aliquam rationem bonitatis, etiam si nihil aliud boni per ea nobis
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454 accideret, et tamen sunt appetibilia propter aliud, inquantum
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455 scilicet perducunt nos in aliquod bonum perfectius. Et hoc modo
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456 virtutes sunt propter se appetendae. Unde Tullius dicit, in II
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diff changeset
457 Rhet., quod <i>quiddam est quod sua vi nos allicit, et sua
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458 dignitate trahit</i>, ut virtus, veritas, scientia. Et hoc sufficit
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459 ad rationem honesti.</p><p title="II-II q. 145 a. 1 ad 2"><a name="44775"><span class="ref">[44775] IIª-IIae, q. 145 a. 1 ad 2</span></a> Ad
28
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460 secundum dicendum quod eorum quae honorantur praeter virtutem,
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461 aliquid est virtute excellentius, scilicet Deus et beatitudo. Et
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462 huiusmodi non sunt ita nobis per experientiam nota sicut virtutes,
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463 secundum quas quotidie operamur. Et ideo virtus magis sibi vindicat
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464 nomen honesti. Alia vero, quae sunt infra virtutem, honorantur
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diff changeset
465 inquantum coadiuvant ad operationem virtutis, sicut nobilitas,
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466 potentia et divitiae. Ut enim philosophus dicit, in IV Ethic.,
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diff changeset
467 huiusmodi <i>honorantur a quibusdam, sed secundum veritatem, solus
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468 bonus est honorandus</i>. Bonus autem est aliquis secundum
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diff changeset
469 virtutem. Et ideo virtuti quidem debetur laus, secundum quod est
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470 appetibilis propter aliud, honor autem, prout est appetibilis
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471 propter seipsam. Et secundum hoc habet rationem honesti.</p><p title="II-II q. 145 a. 1 ad 3"><a name="44776"><span class="ref">[44776] IIª-IIae, q. 145 a. 1 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
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472 dicendum quod, sicut dictum est, honestum importat debitum honoris.
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473 Honor autem est contestatio quaedam de excellentia alicuius, ut
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diff changeset
474 supra dictum est. Testimonium autem non profertur nisi de rebus
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475 notis. Interior autem electio non innotescit homini nisi per
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476 exteriores actus. Et ideo exterior conversatio habet rationem
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477 honesti secundum quod est demonstrativa interioris rectitudinis. Et
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478 propter hoc, radicaliter honestas consistit in interiori electione,
53
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479 significative autem in exteriori conversatione.</p><p title="II-II q. 145 a. 1 ad 4"><a name="44777"><span class="ref">[44777] IIª-IIae, q. 145 a. 1 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
28
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480 dicendum quod quia secundum vulgarem opinionem excellentia
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481 divitiarum facit hominem dignum honore, inde est quod quandoque
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482 nomen honestatis ad exteriorem prosperitatem transfertur.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 2</h3><p title="II-II q. 145 a. 2 arg. 1"><a name="44778"><span class="ref">[44778] IIª-IIae, q. 145 a. 2 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
28
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483 secundum sic proceditur. Videtur quod honestum non sit idem quod
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484 decorum. Ratio enim honesti sumitur ex appetitu, nam honestum est
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485 quod per se appetitur. Sed decorum magis respicit aspectum, cui
53
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486 placet. Ergo decorum non est idem quod honestum.</p><p title="II-II q. 145 a. 2 arg. 2"><a name="44779"><span class="ref">[44779] IIª-IIae, q. 145 a. 2 arg. 2</span></a>
28
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487 Praeterea, decor quandam claritatem requirit, quae pertinet ad
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488 rationem gloriae. Honestum autem respicit honorem. Cum igitur honor
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489 et gloria differant, ut supra dictum est, videtur quod etiam
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490 honestum differat a decoro.</p><p title="II-II q. 145 a. 2 arg. 3"><a name="44780"><span class="ref">[44780] IIª-IIae, q. 145 a. 2 arg. 3</span></a>
28
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diff changeset
491 Praeterea, honestum est idem virtuti, ut supra dictum est. Sed
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492 aliquis decor contrariatur virtuti, unde dicitur Ezech. XVI,
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493 <i>habens fiduciam in pulchritudine tua, fornicata es in nomine
53
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494 tuo</i>. Ergo honestum non est idem decoro.</p><p title="II-II q. 145 a. 2 s. c."><a name="44781"><span class="ref">[44781] IIª-IIae, q. 145 a. 2 s. c.</span></a> Sed
28
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495 contra est quod apostolus dicit, I ad Cor. XII, <i>quae inhonesta
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496 sunt nostra, abundantiorem honestatem habent, honesta autem nostra
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497 nullius egent</i>. Vocat autem ibi inhonesta, membra turpia;
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498 honesta autem, membra pulchra. Ergo honestum et decorum idem esse
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499 videntur.</p><p title="II-II q. 145 a. 2 co."><a name="44782"><span class="ref">[44782] IIª-IIae, q. 145 a. 2 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
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diff changeset
500 dicendum quod, sicut accipi potest ex verbis Dionysii, IV cap. de
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501 Div. Nom., ad rationem pulchri, sive decori, concurrit et claritas
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502 et debita proportio, dicit enim quod <i>Deus dicitur pulcher sicut
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diff changeset
503 universorum consonantiae et claritatis causa</i>. Unde pulchritudo
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diff changeset
504 corporis in hoc consistit quod homo habeat membra corporis bene
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505 proportionata, cum quadam debiti coloris claritate. Et similiter
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diff changeset
506 pulchritudo spiritualis in hoc consistit quod conversatio hominis,
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diff changeset
507 sive actio eius, sit bene proportionata secundum spiritualem
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diff changeset
508 rationis claritatem. Hoc autem pertinet ad rationem honesti, quod
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509 diximus idem esse virtuti, quae secundum rationem moderatur omnes
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510 res humanas. Et ideo honestum est idem spirituali decori. Unde
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diff changeset
511 Augustinus dicit, in libro octogintatrium quaest., <i>honestatem
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diff changeset
512 voco intelligibilem pulchritudinem, quam spiritualem nos proprie
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513 dicimus</i>. Et postea subdit quod <i>sunt multa pulchra visibilia,
53
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514 quae minus proprie honesta appellantur</i>.</p><p title="II-II q. 145 a. 2 ad 1"><a name="44783"><span class="ref">[44783] IIª-IIae, q. 145 a. 2 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28
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diff changeset
515 ergo dicendum quod obiectum movens appetitum est bonum apprehensum.
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516 Quod autem in ipsa apprehensione apparet decorum, accipitur ut
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diff changeset
517 conveniens et bonum, et ideo dicit Dionysius, IV cap. de Div. Nom.,
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diff changeset
518 quod <i>omnibus est pulchrum et bonum amabile</i>. Unde et ipsum
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diff changeset
519 honestum, secundum quod habet spiritualem decorem, appetibile
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520 redditur. Unde et Tullius dicit, in I de Offic., <i>formam ipsam,
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521 et tanquam faciem honesti vides, quae si oculis cerneretur,
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522 mirabiles amores, ut ait Plato, excitaret sapientiae</i>.</p><p title="II-II q. 145 a. 2 ad 2"><a name="44784"><span class="ref">[44784] IIª-IIae, q. 145 a. 2 ad 2</span></a> Ad
28
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diff changeset
523 secundum dicendum quod, sicut supra dictum est, gloria est effectus
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diff changeset
524 honoris, ex hoc enim quod aliquis honoratur vel laudatur, redditur
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525 clarus in oculis aliorum. Et ideo, sicut idem est honorificum et
53
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526 gloriosum, ita etiam idem est honestum et decorum.</p><p title="II-II q. 145 a. 2 ad 3"><a name="44785"><span class="ref">[44785] IIª-IIae, q. 145 a. 2 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
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diff changeset
527 dicendum quod obiectio illa procedit de pulchritudine corporali.
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diff changeset
528 Quamvis possit dici quod etiam propter pulchritudinem spiritualem
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diff changeset
529 aliquis spiritualiter fornicatur, inquantum de ipsa honestate
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diff changeset
530 superbit, secundum illud Ezech. XXVIII, <i>elevatum est cor tuum in
53
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diff changeset
531 decore tuo, perdidisti sapientiam tuam in decore tuo</i>.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 3</h3><p title="II-II q. 145 a. 3 arg. 1"><a name="44786"><span class="ref">[44786] IIª-IIae, q. 145 a. 3 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
28
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532 tertium sic proceditur. Videtur quod honestum non differat ab utili
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diff changeset
533 et delectabili. Dicitur enim honestum quod propter se appetitur.
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diff changeset
534 Sed delectatio propter se appetitur, <i>ridiculum enim videtur
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diff changeset
535 quaerere propter quid aliquis velit delectari</i>, ut philosophus
53
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diff changeset
536 dicit, in X Ethic. Ergo honestum non differt a delectabili.</p><p title="II-II q. 145 a. 3 arg. 2"><a name="44787"><span class="ref">[44787] IIª-IIae, q. 145 a. 3 arg. 2</span></a>
28
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diff changeset
537 Praeterea, divitiae sub bono utili continentur, dicit enim Tullius,
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diff changeset
538 in II Rhet., <i>est aliquid non propter suam vim et naturam, sed
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diff changeset
539 propter fructum et utilitatem petendum, quod pecunia est</i>. Sed
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diff changeset
540 divitiae habent rationem honestatis, dicitur enim Eccli. XI,
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diff changeset
541 paupertas et honestas (idest divitiae) a Deo sunt; et XIII, pondus
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diff changeset
542 super se tollit qui honestiori (idest ditiori) se communicat. Ergo
53
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diff changeset
543 honestum non differt ab utili.</p><p title="II-II q. 145 a. 3 arg. 3"><a name="44788"><span class="ref">[44788] IIª-IIae, q. 145 a. 3 arg. 3</span></a>
28
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diff changeset
544 Praeterea, Tullius probat, in libro de Offic., quod nihil potest
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diff changeset
545 esse utile quod non sit honestum. Et hoc idem habetur per
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diff changeset
546 Ambrosium, in libro de Offic. Ergo utile non differt ab
53
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diff changeset
547 honesto.</p><p title="II-II q. 145 a. 3 s. c."><a name="44789"><span class="ref">[44789] IIª-IIae, q. 145 a. 3 s. c.</span></a> Sed
28
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diff changeset
548 contra est quod Augustinus dicit, in libro octogintatrium quaest.,
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diff changeset
549 <i>honestum dicitur quod propter seipsum petendum est, utile autem
53
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550 quod ad aliquid aliud referendum est</i>.</p><p title="II-II q. 145 a. 3 co."><a name="44790"><span class="ref">[44790] IIª-IIae, q. 145 a. 3 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
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diff changeset
551 dicendum quod honestum concurrit in idem subiectum cum utili et
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diff changeset
552 delectabili, a quibus tamen differt ratione. Dicitur enim aliquid
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diff changeset
553 honestum, sicut dictum est, inquantum habet quendam decorem ex
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diff changeset
554 ordinatione rationis. Hoc autem quod est secundum rationem
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diff changeset
555 ordinatum, est naturaliter conveniens homini. Unumquodque autem
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diff changeset
556 naturaliter delectatur in suo convenienti. Et ideo honestum est
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diff changeset
557 naturaliter homini delectabile, sicut de operatione virtutis
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diff changeset
558 philosophus probat, in I Ethic. Non tamen omne delectabile est
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diff changeset
559 honestum, quia potest etiam aliquid esse conveniens secundum
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diff changeset
560 sensum, non secundum rationem; sed hoc delectabile est praeter
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diff changeset
561 hominis rationem, quae perficit naturam ipsius. Ipsa etiam virtus,
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diff changeset
562 quae secundum se honesta est, refertur ad aliud sicut ad finem,
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diff changeset
563 scilicet ad felicitatem. Et secundum hoc, idem subiecto est et
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diff changeset
564 honestum et utile et delectabile, sed ratione differunt. Nam
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diff changeset
565 honestum dicitur secundum quod aliquid habet quandam excellentiam
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diff changeset
566 dignam honore propter spiritualem pulchritudinem; delectabile
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diff changeset
567 autem, inquantum quietat appetitum; utile autem, inquantum refertur
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568 ad aliud. In pluribus tamen est delectabile quam utile et honestum,
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569 quia omne utile et honestum est aliqualiter delectabile, sed non
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570 convertitur, ut dicitur in II Ethic.</p><p title="II-II q. 145 a. 3 ad 1"><a name="44791"><span class="ref">[44791] IIª-IIae, q. 145 a. 3 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
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571 ergo dicendum quod honestum dicitur quod propter se appetitur
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572 appetitu rationali, qui tendit in id quod est conveniens rationi.
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573 Delectabile autem propter se appetitur appetitu sensitivo.</p><p title="II-II q. 145 a. 3 ad 2"><a name="44792"><span class="ref">[44792] IIª-IIae, q. 145 a. 3 ad 2</span></a> Ad
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574 secundum dicendum quod divitiae vocantur nomine honestatis secundum
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575 opinionem multorum, qui divitias honorant, vel inquantum ordinantur
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576 organice ad actus virtutum, ut dictum est.</p><p title="II-II q. 145 a. 3 ad 3"><a name="44793"><span class="ref">[44793] IIª-IIae, q. 145 a. 3 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
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577 dicendum quod intentio Tullii et Ambrosii dicere est quod nihil
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578 potest esse simpliciter et vere utile quod repugnat honestati, quia
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579 oportet quod repugnet ultimo fini hominis, quod est bonum secundum
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580 rationem, quamvis forte possit esse utile secundum quid, respectu
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581 alicuius finis particularis. Non autem intendunt dicere quod omne
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582 utile, in se consideratum, pertingat ad rationem honesti.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 4</h3><p title="II-II q. 145 a. 4 arg. 1"><a name="44794"><span class="ref">[44794] IIª-IIae, q. 145 a. 4 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
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583 quartum sic proceditur. Videtur quod honestas non debeat poni pars
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584 temperantiae. Non enim est possibile quod idem, respectu eiusdem,
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585 sit pars et totum. Sed temperantia est pars honesti, ut Tullius
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586 dicit, in II Rhet. Ergo honestas non est pars temperantiae.</p><p title="II-II q. 145 a. 4 arg. 2"><a name="44795"><span class="ref">[44795] IIª-IIae, q. 145 a. 4 arg. 2</span></a>
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587 Praeterea, III Esdrae dicitur quod <i>vinum praecordia facit
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588 honesta</i>. Sed usus vini, praecipue superfluus, de quo ibi loqui
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589 videtur, magis pertinet ad intemperantiam quam ad temperantiam.
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590 Ergo honestas non est pars temperantiae.</p><p title="II-II q. 145 a. 4 arg. 3"><a name="44796"><span class="ref">[44796] IIª-IIae, q. 145 a. 4 arg. 3</span></a>
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591 Praeterea, honestum dicitur quod est honore dignum. Sed iusti et
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592 fortes maxime honorantur, ut dicit philosophus, in I Rhet. Ergo
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593 honestas non pertinet ad temperantiam, sed magis ad iustitiam vel
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594 fortitudinem. Unde et Eleazarus dixit, ut dicitur II Machab. VI,
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595 <i>fortiter pro gravissimis ac sanctissimis legibus honesta morte
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596 perfungor</i>.</p><p title="II-II q. 145 a. 4 s. c."><a name="44797"><span class="ref">[44797] IIª-IIae, q. 145 a. 4 s. c.</span></a> Sed
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597 contra est quod Macrobius honestatem ponit partem temperantiae.
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598 Ambrosius etiam, in I de Offic., temperantiae specialiter
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599 honestatem attribuit.</p><p title="II-II q. 145 a. 4 co."><a name="44798"><span class="ref">[44798] IIª-IIae, q. 145 a. 4 co.</span></a> Respondeo
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600 dicendum quod, sicut supra dictum est, honestas est quaedam
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601 spiritualis pulchritudo. Pulchro autem opponitur turpe. Opposita
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602 autem maxime se invicem manifestant. Et ideo ad temperantiam
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603 specialiter honestas pertinere videtur, quae id quod est homini
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604 turpissimum et indecentissimum repellit, scilicet brutales
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605 voluptates. Unde et in ipso nomine temperantiae maxime intelligitur
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606 bonum rationis, cuius est moderari et temperare concupiscentias
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607 pravas. Sic igitur honestas, prout speciali quadam ratione
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608 temperantiae attribuitur, ponitur pars eius non quidem subiectiva,
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609 vel sicut virtus adiuncta, sed pars integralis ipsius, sicut
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610 quaedam eius conditio.</p><p title="II-II q. 145 a. 4 ad 1"><a name="44799"><span class="ref">[44799] IIª-IIae, q. 145 a. 4 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
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611 ergo dicendum quod temperantia ponitur pars subiectiva honesti
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612 prout sumitur in sua communitate. Sic autem non ponitur
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613 temperantiae pars.</p><p title="II-II q. 145 a. 4 ad 2"><a name="44800"><span class="ref">[44800] IIª-IIae, q. 145 a. 4 ad 2</span></a> Ad
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614 secundum dicendum quod vinum in ebriis facit praecordia honesta
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615 secundum eorum reputationem, quia videtur eis quod sint magni et
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616 honorandi.</p><p title="II-II q. 145 a. 4 ad 3"><a name="44801"><span class="ref">[44801] IIª-IIae, q. 145 a. 4 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
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617 dicendum quod iustitiae et fortitudini debetur maior honor quam
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618 temperantiae propter maioris boni excellentiam. Sed temperantiae
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619 debetur maior honor propter cohibitionem vitiorum magis
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620 exprobrabilium, ut ex dictis patet. Et sic honestas magis
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621 attribuitur temperantiae, secundum regulam apostoli, I ad Cor. XII,
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622 quod <i>inhonesta nostra maiorem habent honestatem</i>, scilicet
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623 removentem quod inhonestum est.</p></div></div><div class="centro"><br/>
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624 <p><a href="sth3143.html"><img alt="age retro" border="0" align="middle" height="19" width="19" src="icons/ageretro.gif"/></a>  
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625 <a href="sth3146.html"><img alt="age ultra" border="0" align="middle" height="19" width="19" src="icons/ageultra.gif"/></a></p>
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626 <br/>
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627 <hr/>
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628 <br/>
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629 <address>© 2006 Fundación Tomás de Aquino quoad
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630 hanc editionem<br/>
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631 Iura omnia asservantur<br/>
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632 OCLC nr. <a style="text-decoration=none" href="http://worldcatlibraries.org/wcpa/oclc/49644264">49644264</a></address>
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633 </div></body>
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634 </html>