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annotate summa/latin/sth3082.html @ 53:d777cc3962f2

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author ht
date Mon, 28 Dec 2009 13:00:58 +0000
parents 544e12f679ad
children 03759e5c1080
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1 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
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2 <!DOCTYPE html
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3 PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "file:///c:/cygwin/usr/local/share/lib/xml/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
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4 <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="LA" lang="LA">
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5 <head>
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6 <meta content="HTML Tidy for Windows (vers 1st February 2005), see www.w3.org" name="generator"/>
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7 <meta content="text/html; charset=us-ascii" http-equiv="Content-Type"/>
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8 <meta content="text/css" http-equiv="Content-Style-Type"/>
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9 <meta content="text/javascript" http-equiv="Content-Script-Type"/>
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10 <meta content="Thomas de Aquino, Summa Theologiae, Corpus Thomisticum" name="keywords"/>
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11 <meta content="Latin" name="language"/>
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12 <meta content="public" name="security"/>
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13 <meta content="ealarcon@unav.es" name="owner"/>
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14 <meta content="Enrique Alarcón" name="author"/>
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15 <meta content="" name="abstract"/>
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16 <link type="text/css" href="vscreen.css" media="screen" rel="stylesheet"/>
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17 <link type="text/css" href="vprint.css" media="print" rel="stylesheet"/>
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18 <title>Thomas de Aquino, Summa Theologiae, IIª-IIae q.
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19 82-91</title>
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20 </head>
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21 <body><a href="http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/"/><div class="tres">CORPUS THOMISTICUM</div><div class="uno">Sancti Thomae de Aquino</div><div class="uno">Summa Theologiae</div><div class="dos">secunda pars secundae partis a quaestione LXXXII
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22 ad XCI</div><div class="centro">
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23 <table summary="Imago" align="center">
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24 <tr>
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25 <th><img align="middle" alt="Thomas de Aquino a Filippino Lippi depictus (Cappella Carafa, S. Maria sopra Minerva, Roma)" border="0" height="190" width="275" src="icons/fugit190.jpg"/></th>
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26 </tr>
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27 </table>
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28 <br/>
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29 <span class="tres">Textum Leoninum Romae 1897 editum<br/>
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30 ac automato translatum a Roberto Busa SJ in taenias
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31 magneticas<br/>
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32 denuo recognovit Enrique Alarcón atque instruxit<br/>
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33 <br/></span><br/>
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34 <hr/>
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35 <br/>
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36 <p><a href="sth3081.html"><img alt="age retro" border="0" align="middle" height="19" width="19" src="icons/ageretro.gif"/></a>  
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37 <a href="sth3092.html"><img alt="age ultra" border="0" align="middle" height="19" width="19" src="icons/ageultra.gif"/></a></p>
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38 <script type="text/javascript" language="JavaScript">
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39 //
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40 &lt;!--
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41 // original code by Bill Trefzger 12/12/96; revised by Enrique Alarcon 12/9/2000
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42 function go(){if(document.selecter.select1.options[document.selecter.select1.selectedIndex].value !="none"){location=document.selecter.select1.options[document.selecter.select1.selectedIndex].value}}
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45 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="none"&gt;------------------------------------------------');
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134 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#42512"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 83 a. 7 arg. 1');
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135 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#42513"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 83 a. 7 arg. 2');
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136 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#42514"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 83 a. 7 arg. 3');
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137 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#42515"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 83 a. 7 s. c.');
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138 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#42516"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 83 a. 7 co.');
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139 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#42517"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 83 a. 7 ad 1');
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140 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#42518"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 83 a. 7 ad 2');
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141 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#42519"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 83 a. 7 ad 3');
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diff changeset
142 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#42520"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 83 a. 8 arg. 1');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
143 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#42521"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 83 a. 8 arg. 2');
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144 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#42522"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 83 a. 8 arg. 3');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
145 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#42523"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 83 a. 8 s. c.');
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parents: 28
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146 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#42524"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 83 a. 8 co.');
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147 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#42525"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 83 a. 8 ad 1');
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148 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#42526"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 83 a. 8 ad 2');
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149 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#42527"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 83 a. 8 ad 3');
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150 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#42528"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 83 a. 9 arg. 1');
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151 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#42529"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 83 a. 9 arg. 2');
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152 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#42530"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 83 a. 9 arg. 3');
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153 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#42531"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 83 a. 9 arg. 4');
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154 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#42532"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 83 a. 9 arg. 5');
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155 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#42533"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 83 a. 9 s. c.');
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156 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#42534"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 83 a. 9 co.');
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157 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#42535"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 83 a. 9 ad 1');
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158 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#42536"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 83 a. 9 ad 2');
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159 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#42537"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 83 a. 9 ad 3');
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160 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#42538"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 83 a. 9 ad 4');
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161 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#42539"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 83 a. 9 ad 5');
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162 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#42540"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 83 a. 10 arg. 1');
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163 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#42541"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 83 a. 10 arg. 2');
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164 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#42542"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 83 a. 10 arg. 3');
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parents: 28
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165 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#42543"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 83 a. 10 s. c.');
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parents: 28
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166 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#42544"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 83 a. 10 co.');
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167 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#42545"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 83 a. 10 ad 1');
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168 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#42546"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 83 a. 10 ad 2');
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169 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#42547"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 83 a. 10 ad 3');
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170 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#42548"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 83 a. 11 arg. 1');
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171 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#42549"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 83 a. 11 arg. 2');
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172 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#42550"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 83 a. 11 arg. 3');
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173 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#42551"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 83 a. 11 arg. 4');
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174 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#42552"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 83 a. 11 arg. 5');
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parents: 28
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175 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#42553"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 83 a. 11 s. c.');
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parents: 28
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176 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#42554"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 83 a. 11 co.');
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177 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#42555"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 83 a. 11 ad 1');
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178 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#42556"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 83 a. 11 ad 2');
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179 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#42557"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 83 a. 11 ad 3');
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180 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#42558"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 83 a. 11 ad 4');
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181 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#42559"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 83 a. 11 ad 5');
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parents: 28
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182 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#42560"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 83 a. 12 arg. 1');
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parents: 28
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183 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#42561"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 83 a. 12 arg. 2');
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parents: 28
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184 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#42562"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 83 a. 12 arg. 3');
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parents: 28
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185 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#42563"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 83 a. 12 s. c.');
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parents: 28
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186 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#42564"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 83 a. 12 co.');
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187 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#42565"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 83 a. 12 ad 1');
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188 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#42566"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 83 a. 12 ad 2');
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189 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#42567"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 83 a. 12 ad 3');
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parents: 28
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190 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#42568"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 83 a. 13 arg. 1');
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parents: 28
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191 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#42569"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 83 a. 13 arg. 2');
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parents: 28
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192 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#42570"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 83 a. 13 arg. 3');
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parents: 28
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193 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#42571"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 83 a. 13 s. c.');
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parents: 28
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194 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#42572"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 83 a. 13 co.');
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195 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#42573"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 83 a. 13 ad 1');
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196 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#42574"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 83 a. 13 ad 2');
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parents: 28
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197 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#42575"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 83 a. 13 ad 3');
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parents: 28
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198 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#42576"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 83 a. 14 arg. 1');
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parents: 28
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199 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#42577"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 83 a. 14 arg. 2');
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parents: 28
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200 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#42578"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 83 a. 14 arg. 3');
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parents: 28
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201 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#42579"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 83 a. 14 s. c.');
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parents: 28
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202 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#42580"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 83 a. 14 co.');
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parents: 28
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203 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#42581"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 83 a. 14 ad 1');
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204 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#42582"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 83 a. 14 ad 2');
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parents: 28
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205 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#42583"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 83 a. 14 ad 3');
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parents: 28
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206 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#42584"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 83 a. 14 ad 4');
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parents: 28
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207 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#42585"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 83 a. 15 arg. 1');
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parents: 28
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208 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#42586"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 83 a. 15 arg. 2');
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parents: 28
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209 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#42587"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 83 a. 15 arg. 3');
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parents: 28
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210 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#42588"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 83 a. 15 s. c.');
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parents: 28
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211 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#42589"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 83 a. 15 co.');
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parents: 28
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212 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#42590"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 83 a. 15 ad 1');
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parents: 28
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213 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#42591"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 83 a. 15 ad 2');
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parents: 28
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214 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#42592"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 83 a. 15 ad 3');
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parents: 28
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215 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#42593"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 83 a. 16 arg. 1');
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parents: 28
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216 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#42594"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 83 a. 16 arg. 2');
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parents: 28
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217 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#42595"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 83 a. 16 arg. 3');
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parents: 28
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218 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#42596"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 83 a. 16 s. c.');
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219 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#42597"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 83 a. 16 co.');
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220 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#42598"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 83 a. 16 ad 1');
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221 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#42599"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 83 a. 16 ad 2');
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222 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#42600"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 83 a. 16 ad 3');
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parents: 28
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223 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#42601"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 83 a. 17 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
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224 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#42602"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 83 a. 17 arg. 2');
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225 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#42603"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 83 a. 17 arg. 3');
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parents: 28
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226 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#42604"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 83 a. 17 s. c.');
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227 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#42605"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 83 a. 17 co.');
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228 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#42606"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 83 a. 17 ad 1');
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229 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#42607"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 83 a. 17 ad 2');
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230 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#42608"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 83 a. 17 ad 3');
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parents: 28
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231 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#42609"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 84 pr.');
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parents: 28
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232 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#42610"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 84 a. 1 arg. 1');
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parents: 28
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233 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#42611"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 84 a. 1 arg. 2');
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234 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#42612"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 84 a. 1 arg. 3');
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parents: 28
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235 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#42613"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 84 a. 1 s. c.');
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parents: 28
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236 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#42614"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 84 a. 1 co.');
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237 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#42615"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 84 a. 1 ad 1');
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238 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#42616"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 84 a. 1 ad 2');
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239 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#42617"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 84 a. 1 ad 3');
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240 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#42618"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 84 a. 2 arg. 1');
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parents: 28
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241 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#42619"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 84 a. 2 arg. 2');
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parents: 28
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242 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#42620"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 84 a. 2 arg. 3');
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parents: 28
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243 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#42621"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 84 a. 2 s. c.');
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parents: 28
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244 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#42622"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 84 a. 2 co.');
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245 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#42623"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 84 a. 2 ad 1');
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parents: 28
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246 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#42624"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 84 a. 2 ad 2');
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parents: 28
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247 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#42625"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 84 a. 2 ad 3');
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parents: 28
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248 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#42626"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 84 a. 3 arg. 1');
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parents: 28
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249 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#42627"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 84 a. 3 arg. 2');
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parents: 28
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250 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#42628"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 84 a. 3 arg. 3');
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parents: 28
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251 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#42629"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 84 a. 3 s. c.');
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parents: 28
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252 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#42630"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 84 a. 3 co.');
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253 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#42631"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 84 a. 3 ad 1');
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parents: 28
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254 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#42632"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 84 a. 3 ad 2');
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parents: 28
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255 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#42633"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 84 a. 3 ad 3');
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parents: 28
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256 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#42634"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 85 pr.');
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257 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#42635"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 85 a. 1 arg. 1');
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258 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#42636"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 85 a. 1 arg. 2');
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259 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#42637"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 85 a. 1 arg. 3');
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260 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#42638"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 85 a. 1 s. c.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
261 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#42639"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 85 a. 1 co.');
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262 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#42640"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 85 a. 1 ad 1');
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263 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#42641"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 85 a. 1 ad 2');
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264 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#42642"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 85 a. 1 ad 3');
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265 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#42643"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 85 a. 2 arg. 1');
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266 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#42644"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 85 a. 2 arg. 2');
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267 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#42645"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 85 a. 2 arg. 3');
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268 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#42646"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 85 a. 2 s. c.');
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269 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#42647"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 85 a. 2 co.');
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270 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#42648"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 85 a. 2 ad 1');
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271 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#42649"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 85 a. 2 ad 2');
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272 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#42650"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 85 a. 2 ad 3');
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273 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#42651"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 85 a. 3 arg. 1');
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274 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#42652"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 85 a. 3 arg. 2');
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275 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#42653"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 85 a. 3 arg. 3');
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276 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#42654"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 85 a. 3 s. c.');
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277 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#42655"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 85 a. 3 co.');
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278 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#42656"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 85 a. 3 ad 1');
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279 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#42657"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 85 a. 3 ad 2');
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280 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#42658"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 85 a. 3 ad 3');
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281 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#42659"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 85 a. 4 arg. 1');
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parents: 28
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282 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#42660"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 85 a. 4 arg. 2');
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parents: 28
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283 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#42661"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 85 a. 4 arg. 3');
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parents: 28
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284 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#42662"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 85 a. 4 s. c.');
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parents: 28
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285 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#42663"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 85 a. 4 co.');
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286 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#42664"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 85 a. 4 ad 1');
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287 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#42665"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 85 a. 4 ad 2');
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288 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#42666"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 85 a. 4 ad 3');
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parents: 28
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289 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#42667"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 86 pr.');
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parents: 28
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290 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#42668"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 86 a. 1 arg. 1');
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parents: 28
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291 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#42669"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 86 a. 1 arg. 2');
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parents: 28
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292 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#42670"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 86 a. 1 arg. 3');
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parents: 28
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293 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#42671"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 86 a. 1 s. c.');
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parents: 28
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294 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#42672"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 86 a. 1 co.');
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295 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#42673"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 86 a. 1 ad 1');
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parents: 28
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296 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#42674"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 86 a. 1 ad 2');
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parents: 28
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297 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#42675"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 86 a. 1 ad 3');
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parents: 28
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298 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#42676"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 86 a. 2 arg. 1');
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parents: 28
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299 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#42677"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 86 a. 2 arg. 2');
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parents: 28
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300 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#42678"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 86 a. 2 arg. 3');
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parents: 28
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301 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#42679"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 86 a. 2 s. c.');
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parents: 28
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302 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#42680"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 86 a. 2 co.');
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parents: 28
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303 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#42681"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 86 a. 2 ad 1');
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parents: 28
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304 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#42682"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 86 a. 2 ad 2');
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parents: 28
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305 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#42683"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 86 a. 2 ad 3');
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parents: 28
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306 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#42684"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 86 a. 3 arg. 1');
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parents: 28
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307 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#42685"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 86 a. 3 arg. 2');
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parents: 28
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308 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#42686"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 86 a. 3 arg. 3');
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parents: 28
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309 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#42687"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 86 a. 3 s. c.');
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parents: 28
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310 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#42688"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 86 a. 3 co.');
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parents: 28
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311 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#42689"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 86 a. 3 ad 1');
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parents: 28
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312 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#42690"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 86 a. 3 ad 2');
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parents: 28
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313 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#42691"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 86 a. 3 ad 3');
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parents: 28
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314 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#42692"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 86 a. 4 arg. 1');
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parents: 28
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315 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#42693"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 86 a. 4 arg. 2');
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parents: 28
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316 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#42694"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 86 a. 4 arg. 3');
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parents: 28
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317 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#42695"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 86 a. 4 s. c.');
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parents: 28
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318 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#42696"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 86 a. 4 co.');
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parents: 28
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319 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#42697"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 86 a. 4 ad 1');
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parents: 28
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320 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#42698"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 86 a. 4 ad 2');
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parents: 28
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321 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#42699"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 86 a. 4 ad 3');
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parents: 28
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322 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#42700"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 87 pr.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
323 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#42701"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 87 a. 1 arg. 1');
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parents: 28
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324 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#42702"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 87 a. 1 arg. 2');
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parents: 28
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325 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#42703"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 87 a. 1 arg. 3');
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parents: 28
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326 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#42704"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 87 a. 1 arg. 4');
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parents: 28
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327 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#42705"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 87 a. 1 arg. 5');
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parents: 28
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328 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#42706"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 87 a. 1 s. c.');
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parents: 28
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329 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#42707"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 87 a. 1 co.');
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parents: 28
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330 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#42708"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 87 a. 1 ad 1');
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parents: 28
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331 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#42709"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 87 a. 1 ad 2');
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parents: 28
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332 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#42710"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 87 a. 1 ad 3');
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parents: 28
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333 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#42711"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 87 a. 1 ad 4');
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parents: 28
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334 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#42712"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 87 a. 1 ad 5');
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parents: 28
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335 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#42713"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 87 a. 2 arg. 1');
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parents: 28
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336 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#42714"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 87 a. 2 arg. 2');
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parents: 28
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337 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#42715"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 87 a. 2 arg. 3');
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parents: 28
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338 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#42716"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 87 a. 2 arg. 4');
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parents: 28
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339 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#42717"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 87 a. 2 s. c.');
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parents: 28
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340 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#42718"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 87 a. 2 co.');
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parents: 28
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341 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#42719"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 87 a. 2 ad 1');
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parents: 28
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342 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#42720"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 87 a. 2 ad 2');
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parents: 28
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343 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#42721"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 87 a. 2 ad 3');
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parents: 28
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344 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#42722"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 87 a. 2 ad 4');
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parents: 28
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345 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#42723"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 87 a. 3 arg. 1');
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parents: 28
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346 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#42724"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 87 a. 3 arg. 2');
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parents: 28
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347 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#42725"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 87 a. 3 arg. 3');
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parents: 28
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348 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#42726"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 87 a. 3 s. c.');
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parents: 28
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349 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#42727"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 87 a. 3 co.');
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parents: 28
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350 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#42728"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 87 a. 3 ad 1');
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parents: 28
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351 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#42729"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 87 a. 3 ad 2');
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parents: 28
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352 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#42730"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 87 a. 3 ad 3');
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parents: 28
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353 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#42731"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 87 a. 4 arg. 1');
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parents: 28
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354 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#42732"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 87 a. 4 arg. 2');
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parents: 28
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355 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#42733"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 87 a. 4 arg. 3');
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parents: 28
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356 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#42734"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 87 a. 4 arg. 4');
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parents: 28
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357 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#42735"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 87 a. 4 s. c.');
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parents: 28
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358 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#42736"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 87 a. 4 co.');
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parents: 28
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359 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#42737"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 87 a. 4 ad 1');
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parents: 28
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360 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#42738"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 87 a. 4 ad 2');
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parents: 28
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361 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#42739"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 87 a. 4 ad 3');
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parents: 28
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362 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#42740"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 87 a. 4 ad 4');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
363 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#42741"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 88 pr.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
364 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#42742"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 88 a. 1 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
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365 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#42743"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 88 a. 1 arg. 2');
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parents: 28
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366 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#42744"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 88 a. 1 arg. 3');
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parents: 28
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367 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#42745"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 88 a. 1 s. c.');
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parents: 28
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368 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#42746"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 88 a. 1 co.');
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parents: 28
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369 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#42747"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 88 a. 1 ad 1');
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parents: 28
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370 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#42748"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 88 a. 1 ad 2');
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parents: 28
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371 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#42749"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 88 a. 1 ad 3');
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parents: 28
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372 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#42750"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 88 a. 2 arg. 1');
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parents: 28
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373 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#42751"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 88 a. 2 arg. 2');
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parents: 28
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374 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#42752"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 88 a. 2 arg. 3');
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parents: 28
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375 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#42753"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 88 a. 2 s. c.');
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parents: 28
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376 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#42754"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 88 a. 2 co.');
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parents: 28
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377 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#42755"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 88 a. 2 ad 1');
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parents: 28
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378 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#42756"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 88 a. 2 ad 2');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
379 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#42757"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 88 a. 2 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
380 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#42758"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 88 a. 3 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
381 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#42759"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 88 a. 3 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
382 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#42760"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 88 a. 3 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
383 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#42761"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 88 a. 3 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
384 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#42762"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 88 a. 3 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
385 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#42763"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 88 a. 3 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
386 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#42764"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 88 a. 3 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
387 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#42765"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 88 a. 3 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
388 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#42766"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 88 a. 4 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
389 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#42767"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 88 a. 4 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
390 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#42768"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 88 a. 4 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
391 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#42769"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 88 a. 4 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
392 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#42770"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 88 a. 4 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
393 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#42771"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 88 a. 4 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
394 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#42772"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 88 a. 4 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
395 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#42773"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 88 a. 4 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
396 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#42774"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 88 a. 5 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
397 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#42775"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 88 a. 5 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
398 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#42776"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 88 a. 5 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
399 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#42777"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 88 a. 5 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
400 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#42778"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 88 a. 5 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
401 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#42779"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 88 a. 5 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
402 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#42780"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 88 a. 5 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
403 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#42781"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 88 a. 5 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
404 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#42782"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 88 a. 6 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
405 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#42783"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 88 a. 6 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
406 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#42784"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 88 a. 6 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
407 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#42785"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 88 a. 6 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
408 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#42786"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 88 a. 6 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
409 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#42787"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 88 a. 6 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
410 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#42788"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 88 a. 6 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
411 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#42789"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 88 a. 6 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
412 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#42790"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 88 a. 7 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
413 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#42791"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 88 a. 7 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
414 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#42792"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 88 a. 7 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
415 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#42793"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 88 a. 7 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
416 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#42794"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 88 a. 7 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
417 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#42795"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 88 a. 7 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
418 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#42796"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 88 a. 7 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
419 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#42797"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 88 a. 7 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
420 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#42798"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 88 a. 8 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
421 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#42799"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 88 a. 8 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
422 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#42800"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 88 a. 8 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
423 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#42801"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 88 a. 8 arg. 4');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
424 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#42802"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 88 a. 8 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
425 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#42803"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 88 a. 8 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
426 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#42804"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 88 a. 8 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
427 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#42805"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 88 a. 8 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
428 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#42806"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 88 a. 8 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
429 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#42807"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 88 a. 8 ad 4');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
430 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#42808"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 88 a. 9 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
431 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#42809"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 88 a. 9 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
432 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#42810"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 88 a. 9 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
433 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#42811"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 88 a. 9 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
434 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#42812"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 88 a. 9 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
435 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#42813"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 88 a. 9 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
436 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#42814"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 88 a. 9 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
437 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#42815"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 88 a. 9 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
438 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#42816"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 88 a. 10 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
439 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#42817"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 88 a. 10 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
440 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#42818"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 88 a. 10 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
441 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#42819"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 88 a. 10 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
442 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#42820"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 88 a. 10 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
443 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#42821"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 88 a. 10 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
444 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#42822"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 88 a. 10 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
445 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#42823"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 88 a. 10 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
446 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#42824"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 88 a. 11 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
447 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#42825"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 88 a. 11 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
448 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#42826"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 88 a. 11 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
449 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#42827"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 88 a. 11 arg. 4');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
450 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#42828"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 88 a. 11 s. c. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
451 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#42829"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 88 a. 11 s. c. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
452 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#42830"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 88 a. 11 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
453 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#42831"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 88 a. 11 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
454 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#42832"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 88 a. 11 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
455 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#42833"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 88 a. 11 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
456 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#42834"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 88 a. 11 ad 4');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
457 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#42835"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 88 a. 11 ad 5');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
458 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#42836"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 88 a. 12 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
459 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#42837"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 88 a. 12 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
460 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#42838"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 88 a. 12 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
461 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#42839"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 88 a. 12 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
462 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#42840"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 88 a. 12 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
463 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#42841"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 88 a. 12 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
464 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#42842"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 88 a. 12 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
465 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#42843"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 88 a. 12 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
466 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#42844"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 89 pr.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
467 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#42845"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 89 a. 1 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
468 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#42846"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 89 a. 1 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
469 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#42847"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 89 a. 1 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
470 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#42848"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 89 a. 1 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
471 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#42849"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 89 a. 1 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
472 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#42850"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 89 a. 1 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
473 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#42851"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 89 a. 1 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
474 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#42852"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 89 a. 1 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
475 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#42853"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 89 a. 2 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
476 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#42854"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 89 a. 2 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
477 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#42855"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 89 a. 2 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
478 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#42856"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 89 a. 2 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
479 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#42857"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 89 a. 2 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
480 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#42858"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 89 a. 2 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
481 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#42859"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 89 a. 2 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
482 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#42860"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 89 a. 2 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
483 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#42861"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 89 a. 3 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
484 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#42862"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 89 a. 3 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
485 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#42863"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 89 a. 3 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
486 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#42864"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 89 a. 3 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
487 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#42865"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 89 a. 3 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
488 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#42866"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 89 a. 3 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
489 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#42867"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 89 a. 3 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
490 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#42868"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 89 a. 3 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
491 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#42869"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 89 a. 4 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
492 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#42870"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 89 a. 4 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
493 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#42871"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 89 a. 4 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
494 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#42872"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 89 a. 4 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
495 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#42873"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 89 a. 4 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
496 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#42874"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 89 a. 4 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
497 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#42875"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 89 a. 4 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
498 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#42876"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 89 a. 4 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
499 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#42877"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 89 a. 5 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
500 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#42878"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 89 a. 5 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
501 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#42879"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 89 a. 5 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
502 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#42880"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 89 a. 5 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
503 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#42881"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 89 a. 5 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
504 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#42882"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 89 a. 5 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
505 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#42883"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 89 a. 5 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
506 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#42884"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 89 a. 5 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
507 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#42885"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 89 a. 6 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
508 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#42886"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 89 a. 6 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
509 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#42887"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 89 a. 6 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
510 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#42888"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 89 a. 6 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
511 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#42889"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 89 a. 6 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
512 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#42890"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 89 a. 6 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
513 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#42891"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 89 a. 6 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
514 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#42892"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 89 a. 6 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
515 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#42893"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 89 a. 7 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
516 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#42894"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 89 a. 7 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
517 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#42895"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 89 a. 7 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
518 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#42896"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 89 a. 7 arg. 4');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
519 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#42897"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 89 a. 7 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
520 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#42898"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 89 a. 7 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
521 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#42899"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 89 a. 7 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
522 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#42900"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 89 a. 7 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
523 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#42901"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 89 a. 7 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
524 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#42902"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 89 a. 7 ad 4');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
525 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#42903"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 89 a. 8 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
526 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#42904"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 89 a. 8 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
527 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#42905"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 89 a. 8 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
528 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#42906"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 89 a. 8 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
529 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#42907"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 89 a. 8 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
530 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#42908"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 89 a. 8 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
531 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#42909"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 89 a. 8 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
532 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#42910"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 89 a. 8 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
533 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#42911"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 89 a. 9 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
534 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#42912"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 89 a. 9 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
535 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#42913"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 89 a. 9 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
536 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#42914"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 89 a. 9 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
537 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#42915"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 89 a. 9 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
538 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#42916"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 89 a. 9 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
539 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#42917"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 89 a. 9 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
540 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#42918"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 89 a. 9 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
541 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#42919"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 89 a. 10 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
542 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#42920"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 89 a. 10 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
543 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#42921"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 89 a. 10 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
544 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#42922"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 89 a. 10 arg. 4');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
545 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#42923"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 89 a. 10 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
546 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#42924"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 89 a. 10 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
547 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#42925"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 89 a. 10 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
548 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#42926"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 89 a. 10 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
549 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#42927"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 89 a. 10 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
550 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#42928"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 89 a. 10 ad 4');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
551 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#42929"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 90 pr.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
552 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#42930"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 90 a. 1 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
553 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#42931"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 90 a. 1 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
554 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#42932"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 90 a. 1 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
555 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#42933"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 90 a. 1 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
556 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#42934"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 90 a. 1 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
557 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#42935"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 90 a. 1 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
558 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#42936"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 90 a. 1 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
559 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#42937"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 90 a. 1 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
560 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#42938"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 90 a. 2 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
561 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#42939"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 90 a. 2 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
562 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#42940"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 90 a. 2 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
563 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#42941"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 90 a. 2 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
564 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#42942"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 90 a. 2 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
565 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#42943"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 90 a. 2 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
566 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#42944"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 90 a. 2 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
567 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#42945"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 90 a. 2 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
568 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#42946"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 90 a. 3 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
569 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#42947"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 90 a. 3 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
570 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#42948"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 90 a. 3 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
571 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#42949"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 90 a. 3 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
572 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#42950"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 90 a. 3 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
573 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#42951"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 90 a. 3 ad');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
574 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#42952"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 91 pr.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
575 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#42953"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 91 a. 1 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
576 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#42954"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 91 a. 1 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
577 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#42955"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 91 a. 1 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
578 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#42956"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 91 a. 1 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
579 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#42957"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 91 a. 1 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
580 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#42958"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 91 a. 1 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
581 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#42959"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 91 a. 1 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
582 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#42960"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 91 a. 1 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
583 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#42961"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 91 a. 2 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
584 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#42962"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 91 a. 2 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
585 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#42963"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 91 a. 2 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
586 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#42964"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 91 a. 2 arg. 4');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
587 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#42965"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 91 a. 2 arg. 5');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
588 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#42966"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 91 a. 2 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
589 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#42967"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 91 a. 2 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
590 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#42968"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 91 a. 2 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
591 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#42969"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 91 a. 2 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
592 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#42970"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 91 a. 2 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
593 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#42971"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 91 a. 2 ad 4');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
594 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#42972"&gt;II&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 91 a. 2 ad 5');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
595 document.write('&lt;\/SELECT&gt;');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
596 document.write('&lt;BR&gt;&lt;BR&gt;');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
597 document.write('&lt;INPUT TYPE="button" VALUE="Agedum" ONCLICK="go()"&gt;');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
598 document.write('&lt;\/FORM&gt;');
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ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
599 // --&gt;
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parents: 28
diff changeset
600 //
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parents: 28
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601 </script><br/>
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parents: 28
diff changeset
602 <hr/>
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parents: 28
diff changeset
603 <br/></div><div class="q" id="q82"><h2>Quaestio 82</h2><div class="p"><h3>Prooemium</h3><p title="II-II q. 82 pr."><a name="42428"><span class="ref">[42428] IIª-IIae q. 82 pr.</span></a> Deinde
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
604 considerandum est de actibus religionis. Et primo, de actibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
605 interioribus, qui, secundum praedicta, sunt principaliores;
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
606 secundo, de actibus exterioribus, qui sunt secundarii. Interiores
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
607 autem actus religionis videntur esse devotio et oratio. Primo ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
608 de devotione agendum est; secundo, de oratione. Circa primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
609 quaeruntur quatuor. Primo, utrum devotio sit specialis actus.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
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610 Secundo, utrum sit actus religionis. Tertio, de causa devotionis.
53
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parents: 28
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611 Quarto, de eius effectu.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 1</h3><p title="II-II q. 82 a. 1 arg. 1"><a name="42429"><span class="ref">[42429] IIª-IIae q. 82 a. 1 arg. 1</span></a> Ad primum
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
612 sic proceditur. Videtur quod devotio non sit specialis actus. Illud
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
613 enim quod pertinet ad modum aliorum actuum non videtur esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
614 specialis actus. Sed devotio videtur pertinere ad modum aliorum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
615 actuum, dicitur enim II Paral. XXIX, <i>obtulit universa multitudo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
616 hostias et laudes et holocausta mente devota</i>. Ergo devotio non
53
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parents: 28
diff changeset
617 est specialis actus.</p><p title="II-II q. 82 a. 1 arg. 2"><a name="42430"><span class="ref">[42430] IIª-IIae q. 82 a. 1 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
618 nullus specialis actus invenitur in diversis generibus actuum. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
619 devotio invenitur in diversis generibus actuum, scilicet in actibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
620 corporalibus et etiam in spiritualibus, dicitur enim aliquis et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
621 devote meditari et devote genu flectere. Ergo devotio non est
53
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ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
622 specialis actus.</p><p title="II-II q. 82 a. 1 arg. 3"><a name="42431"><span class="ref">[42431] IIª-IIae q. 82 a. 1 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
623 omnis actus specialis aut est appetitivae aut cognoscitivae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
624 virtutis. Sed devotio neutri earum appropriatur, ut patet
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
625 discurrenti per singulas species actuum utriusque partis, quae
53
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parents: 28
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626 supra enumeratae sunt. Ergo devotio non est specialis actus.</p><p title="II-II q. 82 a. 1 s. c."><a name="42432"><span class="ref">[42432] IIª-IIae q. 82 a. 1 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
627 est quod actibus meremur, ut supra habitum est. Sed devotio habet
53
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parents: 28
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628 specialem rationem merendi. Ergo devotio est specialis actus.</p><p title="II-II q. 82 a. 1 co."><a name="42433"><span class="ref">[42433] IIª-IIae q. 82 a. 1 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
629 dicendum quod devotio dicitur a devovendo, unde devoti dicuntur qui
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
630 seipsos quodammodo Deo devovent, ut ei se totaliter subdant.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
631 Propter quod et olim apud gentiles devoti dicebantur qui seipsos
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parents: 26
diff changeset
632 idolis devovebant in mortem pro sui salute exercitus, sicut de
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diff changeset
633 duobus Deciis Titus Livius narrat. Unde devotio nihil aliud esse
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parents: 26
diff changeset
634 videtur quam voluntas quaedam prompte tradendi se ad ea quae
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parents: 26
diff changeset
635 pertinent ad Dei famulatum. Unde Exod. XXXV dicitur quod
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diff changeset
636 <i>multitudo filiorum Israel obtulit mente promptissima atque
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diff changeset
637 devota primitias domino</i>. Manifestum est autem quod voluntas
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parents: 26
diff changeset
638 prompte faciendi quod ad Dei servitium pertinet est quidam
53
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diff changeset
639 specialis actus. Unde devotio est specialis actus voluntatis.</p><p title="II-II q. 82 a. 1 ad 1"><a name="42434"><span class="ref">[42434] IIª-IIae q. 82 a. 1 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28
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diff changeset
640 ergo dicendum quod movens imponit modum motui mobilis. Voluntas
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diff changeset
641 autem movet alias vires animae ad suos actus, et voluntas secundum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
642 quod est finis, movet seipsam ad ea quae sunt ad finem, ut supra
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parents: 26
diff changeset
643 habitum est. Et ideo, cum devotio sit actus voluntatis hominis
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parents: 26
diff changeset
644 offerentis seipsum Deo ad ei serviendum, qui est ultimus finis,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
645 consequens est quod devotio imponat modum humanis actibus, sive
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
646 sint ipsius voluntatis circa ea quae sunt ad finem, sive etiam sint
53
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diff changeset
647 aliarum potentiarum quae a voluntate moventur.</p><p title="II-II q. 82 a. 1 ad 2"><a name="42435"><span class="ref">[42435] IIª-IIae q. 82 a. 1 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
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diff changeset
648 dicendum quod devotio invenitur in diversis generibus actuum non
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diff changeset
649 sicut species illorum generum, sed sicut motio moventis invenitur
53
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diff changeset
650 virtute in motibus mobilium.</p><p title="II-II q. 82 a. 1 ad 3"><a name="42436"><span class="ref">[42436] IIª-IIae q. 82 a. 1 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
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diff changeset
651 dicendum quod devotio est actus appetitivae partis animae, et est
53
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diff changeset
652 quidam motus voluntatis, ut dictum est.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 2</h3><p title="II-II q. 82 a. 2 arg. 1"><a name="42437"><span class="ref">[42437] IIª-IIae q. 82 a. 2 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
28
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diff changeset
653 secundum sic proceditur. Videtur quod devotio non sit actus
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parents: 26
diff changeset
654 religionis. Devotio enim, ut dictum est, ad hoc pertinet quod
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diff changeset
655 aliquis Deo se tradat. Sed hoc maxime fit per caritatem, quia, ut
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parents: 26
diff changeset
656 Dionysius dicit, IV cap. de Div. Nom., <i>divinus amor extasim
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parents: 26
diff changeset
657 facit, non sinens amantes sui ipsorum esse, sed eorum quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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diff changeset
658 amant</i>. Ergo devotio magis est actus caritatis quam
53
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diff changeset
659 religionis.</p><p title="II-II q. 82 a. 2 arg. 2"><a name="42438"><span class="ref">[42438] IIª-IIae q. 82 a. 2 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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diff changeset
660 caritas praecedit religionem. Devotio autem videtur praecedere
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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diff changeset
661 caritatem, quia caritas in Scripturis significatur per ignem,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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diff changeset
662 devotio vero per pinguedinem, quae est ignis materia. Ergo devotio
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
663 non est actus religionis.</p><p title="II-II q. 82 a. 2 arg. 3"><a name="42439"><span class="ref">[42439] IIª-IIae q. 82 a. 2 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
664 per religionem homo ordinatur solum ad Deum, ut dictum est. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
665 devotio etiam habetur ad homines, dicuntur enim aliqui esse devoti
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
666 aliquibus sanctis viris; et etiam subditi dicuntur esse devoti
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
667 dominis suis, sicut Leo Papa dicit quod Iudaei, quasi devoti
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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diff changeset
668 Romanis legibus, dixerunt, non habemus regem nisi Caesarem. Ergo
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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diff changeset
669 devotio non est actus religionis.</p><p title="II-II q. 82 a. 2 s. c."><a name="42440"><span class="ref">[42440] IIª-IIae q. 82 a. 2 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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diff changeset
670 est quod devotio dicitur a devovendo, ut dictum est. Sed votum est
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
671 actus religionis. Ergo et devotio.</p><p title="II-II q. 82 a. 2 co."><a name="42441"><span class="ref">[42441] IIª-IIae q. 82 a. 2 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
672 dicendum quod ad eandem virtutem pertinet velle facere aliquid, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
673 promptam voluntatem habere ad illud faciendum, quia utriusque actus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
674 est idem obiectum. Propter quod philosophus dicit, in V Ethic.,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
675 <i>iustitia est qua volunt homines et operantur iusta</i>.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
676 Manifestum est autem quod operari ea quae pertinent ad divinum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
677 cultum seu famulatum pertinet proprie ad religionem, ut ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
678 praedictis patet. Unde etiam ad eam pertinet habere promptam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
679 voluntatem ad huiusmodi exequenda, quod est esse devotum. Et sic
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
680 patet quod devotio est actus religionis.</p><p title="II-II q. 82 a. 2 ad 1"><a name="42442"><span class="ref">[42442] IIª-IIae q. 82 a. 2 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
681 ergo dicendum quod ad caritatem pertinet immediate quod homo tradat
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
682 seipsum Deo adhaerendo ei per quandam spiritus unionem. Sed quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
683 homo tradat seipsum Deo ad aliqua opera divini cultus, hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
684 immediate pertinet ad religionem, mediate autem ad caritatem, quae
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
685 est religionis principium.</p><p title="II-II q. 82 a. 2 ad 2"><a name="42443"><span class="ref">[42443] IIª-IIae q. 82 a. 2 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
686 dicendum quod pinguedo corporalis et generatur per calorem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
687 naturalem digerentem; et ipsum naturalem calorem conservat quasi
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
688 eius nutrimentum. Et similiter caritas et devotionem causat,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
689 inquantum ex amore aliquis redditur promptus ad serviendum amico;
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
690 et etiam per devotionem caritas nutritur, sicut et quaelibet
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
691 amicitia conservatur et augetur per amicabilium operum exercitium
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
692 et meditationem.</p><p title="II-II q. 82 a. 2 ad 3"><a name="42444"><span class="ref">[42444] IIª-IIae q. 82 a. 2 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
693 dicendum quod devotio quae habetur ad sanctos Dei, mortuos vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
694 vivos, non terminatur ad ipsos, sed transit in Deum, inquantum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
695 scilicet in ministris Dei Deum veneramur. Devotio autem quam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
696 subditi dicuntur habere ad dominos temporales alterius est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
697 rationis, sicut et temporalibus dominis famulari differt a famulatu
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
698 divino.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 3</h3><p title="II-II q. 82 a. 3 arg. 1"><a name="42445"><span class="ref">[42445] IIª-IIae q. 82 a. 3 arg. 1</span></a> Ad tertium
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
699 sic proceditur. Videtur quod contemplatio, seu meditatio, non sit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
700 devotionis causa. Nulla enim causa impedit suum effectum. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
701 subtiles meditationes intelligibilium multoties devotionem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
702 impediunt. Ergo contemplatio, seu meditatio, non est devotionis
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
703 causa.</p><p title="II-II q. 82 a. 3 arg. 2"><a name="42446"><span class="ref">[42446] IIª-IIae q. 82 a. 3 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
704 si contemplatio esset propria et per se devotionis causa, oporteret
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
705 quod ea quae sunt altioris contemplationis magis devotionem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
706 excitarent. Huius autem contrarium apparet, frequenter enim maior
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
707 devotio excitatur ex consideratione passionis Christi, et aliis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
708 mysteriis humanitatis ipsius, quam ex consideratione divinae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
709 magnitudinis. Ergo contemplatio non est propria devotionis
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
710 causa.</p><p title="II-II q. 82 a. 3 arg. 3"><a name="42447"><span class="ref">[42447] IIª-IIae q. 82 a. 3 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
711 si contemplatio esset propria causa devotionis, oporteret quod illi
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
712 qui sunt magis apti ad contemplationem essent etiam magis apti ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
713 devotionem. Huius autem contrarium videmus, quia devotio frequenter
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
714 magis invenitur in quibusdam simplicibus viris et in femineo sexu,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
715 in quibus invenitur contemplationis defectus. Ergo contemplatio non
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
716 est propria causa devotionis.</p><p title="II-II q. 82 a. 3 s. c."><a name="42448"><span class="ref">[42448] IIª-IIae q. 82 a. 3 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
717 est quod in Psalm. dicitur, <i>in meditatione mea exardescet
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
718 ignis</i>. Sed ignis spiritualis causat devotionem. Ergo meditatio
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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diff changeset
719 est devotionis causa.</p><p title="II-II q. 82 a. 3 co."><a name="42449"><span class="ref">[42449] IIª-IIae q. 82 a. 3 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
720 dicendum quod causa devotionis extrinseca et principalis Deus est;
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
721 de quo dicit Ambrosius, super Luc., quod <i>Deus quos dignatur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
722 vocat, et quem vult religiosum facit, et si voluisset, Samaritanos
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
723 ex indevotis devotos fecisset</i>. Causa autem intrinseca ex parte
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
724 nostra, oportet quod sit meditatio seu contemplatio. Dictum est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
725 enim quod devotio est quidam voluntatis actus ad hoc quod homo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
726 prompte se tradat ad divinum obsequium. Omnis autem actus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
727 voluntatis ex aliqua consideratione procedit, eo quod bonum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
728 intellectum est obiectum voluntatis, unde et Augustinus dicit, in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
729 libro de Trin., quod voluntas oritur ex intelligentia. Et ideo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
730 necesse est quod meditatio sit devotionis causa, inquantum scilicet
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
731 per meditationem homo concipit quod se tradat divino obsequio. Ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
732 quod quidem inducit duplex consideratio. Una quidem quae est ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
733 parte divinae bonitatis et beneficiorum ipsius, secundum illud
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
734 Psalm., <i>mihi adhaerere Deo bonum est, ponere in domino Deo spem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
735 meam</i>. Et haec consideratio excitat dilectionem, quae est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
736 proxima devotionis causa. Alia vero est ex parte hominis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
737 considerantis suos defectus, ex quibus indiget ut Deo innitatur,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
738 secundum illud Psalm., <i>levavi oculos meos in montes, unde veniet
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
739 auxilium mihi. Auxilium meum a domino, qui fecit caelum et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
740 terram</i>. Et haec consideratio excludit praesumptionem, per quam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
741 aliquis impeditur ne Deo se subiiciat, dum suae virtuti
53
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parents: 28
diff changeset
742 innititur.</p><p title="II-II q. 82 a. 3 ad 1"><a name="42450"><span class="ref">[42450] IIª-IIae q. 82 a. 3 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
743 ergo dicendum quod consideratio eorum quae nata sunt dilectionem
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parents: 26
diff changeset
744 Dei excitare, devotionem causant. Consideratio vero quorumcumque ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
745 hoc non pertinentium, sed ab his mentem distrahentium, impedit
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
746 devotionem.</p><p title="II-II q. 82 a. 3 ad 2"><a name="42451"><span class="ref">[42451] IIª-IIae q. 82 a. 3 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
747 dicendum quod ea quae sunt divinitatis sunt secundum se maxime
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parents: 26
diff changeset
748 excitantia dilectionem, et per consequens devotionem, quia Deus est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
749 super omnia diligendus. Sed ex debilitate mentis humanae est quod
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parents: 26
diff changeset
750 sicut indiget manuduci ad cognitionem divinorum, ita ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
751 dilectionem, per aliqua sensibilia nobis nota. Inter quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
752 praecipuum est humanitas Christi, secundum quod in praefatione
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
753 dicitur, <i>ut dum visibiliter Deum cognoscimus, per hunc in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
754 invisibilium amorem rapiamur</i>. Et ideo ea quae pertinent ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
755 Christi humanitatem, per modum cuiusdam manuductionis, maxime
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
756 devotionem excitant, cum tamen devotio principaliter circa ea quae
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
757 sunt divinitatis consistat.</p><p title="II-II q. 82 a. 3 ad 3"><a name="42452"><span class="ref">[42452] IIª-IIae q. 82 a. 3 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
758 dicendum quod scientia, et quidquid aliud ad magnitudinem pertinet,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
759 occasio est quod homo confidat de seipso, et ideo non totaliter se
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parents: 26
diff changeset
760 Deo tradat. Et inde est quod huiusmodi quandoque occasionaliter
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parents: 26
diff changeset
761 devotionem impediunt, et in simplicibus et mulieribus devotio
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
762 abundat, elationem comprimendo. Si tamen scientiam, et quamcumque
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
763 aliam perfectionem, homo perfecte Deo subdat, ex hoc ipso devotio
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
764 augetur.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 4</h3><p title="II-II q. 82 a. 4 arg. 1"><a name="42453"><span class="ref">[42453] IIª-IIae q. 82 a. 4 arg. 1</span></a> Ad quartum
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
765 sic proceditur. Videtur quod laetitia non sit devotionis effectus.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
766 Quia, ut dictum est, passio Christi praecipue ad devotionem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
767 excitat. Sed ex eius consideratione consequitur in anima quaedam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
768 afflictio, secundum illud Thren. III, <i>recordare paupertatis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
769 meae, absinthii et fellis</i>, quod pertinet ad passionem; et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
770 subditur, <i>memoria memor ero, et tabescet in me anima mea</i>.
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
771 Ergo delectatio, sive gaudium, non est devotionis effectus.</p><p title="II-II q. 82 a. 4 arg. 2"><a name="42454"><span class="ref">[42454] IIª-IIae q. 82 a. 4 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
772 devotio praecipue consistit in interiori sacrificio spiritus. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
773 in Psalm. dicitur, <i>sacrificium Deo spiritus contribulatus</i>.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
774 Ergo afflictio magis est devotionis effectus quam iucunditas sive
53
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parents: 28
diff changeset
775 gaudium.</p><p title="II-II q. 82 a. 4 arg. 3"><a name="42455"><span class="ref">[42455] IIª-IIae q. 82 a. 4 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
776 Gregorius Nyssenus dicit, in libro de homine, quod <i>sicut risus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
777 procedit ex gaudio, ita lacrimae et gemitus sunt signa
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parents: 26
diff changeset
778 tristitiae</i>. Sed ex devotione contingit quod aliqui prorumpant
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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diff changeset
779 in lacrimas. Ergo laetitia, vel gaudium, non est devotionis
53
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diff changeset
780 effectus.</p><p title="II-II q. 82 a. 4 s. c."><a name="42456"><span class="ref">[42456] IIª-IIae q. 82 a. 4 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28
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diff changeset
781 est quod in collecta dicitur, <i>quos ieiunia votiva castigant,
53
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diff changeset
782 ipsa quoque devotio sancta laetificet</i>.</p><p title="II-II q. 82 a. 4 co."><a name="42457"><span class="ref">[42457] IIª-IIae q. 82 a. 4 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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diff changeset
783 dicendum quod devotio per se quidem et principaliter spiritualem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
784 laetitiam mentis causat, ex consequenti autem et per accidens
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
785 causat tristitiam. Dictum est enim quod devotio ex duplici
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
786 consideratione procedit. Principaliter quidem ex consideratione
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parents: 26
diff changeset
787 divinae bonitatis, quia ista consideratio pertinet quasi ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
788 terminum motus voluntatis tradentis se Deo. Et ex ista
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parents: 26
diff changeset
789 consideratione per se quidem sequitur delectatio, secundum illud
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parents: 26
diff changeset
790 Psalm., <i>memor fui Dei, et delectatus sum</i>, sed per accidens
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parents: 26
diff changeset
791 haec consideratio tristitiam quandam causat in his qui nondum plene
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parents: 26
diff changeset
792 Deo fruuntur, secundum illud Psalm., <i>sitivit anima mea ad Deum
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diff changeset
793 vivum</i>, et postea sequitur, <i>fuerunt mihi lacrimae meae</i> et
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parents: 26
diff changeset
794 cetera. Secundario vero causatur devotio, ut dictum est, ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
795 consideratione propriorum defectuum, nam haec consideratio pertinet
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parents: 26
diff changeset
796 ad terminum a quo homo per motum voluntatis devotae recedit, ut
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parents: 26
diff changeset
797 scilicet non in se existat, sed Deo se subdat. Haec autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
798 consideratio e converso se habet ad primam. Nam per se quidem nata
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parents: 26
diff changeset
799 est tristitiam causare, recogitando proprios defectus, per accidens
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parents: 26
diff changeset
800 autem laetitiam, scilicet propter spem divinae subventionis. Et sic
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parents: 26
diff changeset
801 patet quod ad devotionem primo et per se consequitur delectatio,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
802 secundario autem et per accidens tristitia quae est secundum
53
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diff changeset
803 Deum.</p><p title="II-II q. 82 a. 4 ad 1"><a name="42458"><span class="ref">[42458] IIª-IIae q. 82 a. 4 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28
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diff changeset
804 ergo dicendum quod in consideratione passionis Christi est aliquid
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parents: 26
diff changeset
805 quod contristet, scilicet defectus humanus, propter quem tollendum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
806 Christum pati oportuit, et est aliquid quod laetificet, scilicet
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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diff changeset
807 Dei erga nos benignitas, quae nobis de tali liberatione
53
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diff changeset
808 providit.</p><p title="II-II q. 82 a. 4 ad 2"><a name="42459"><span class="ref">[42459] IIª-IIae q. 82 a. 4 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
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diff changeset
809 dicendum quod spiritus qui ex una parte contribulatur propter
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
810 praesentis vitae defectus, ex alia parte condelectatur ex
53
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diff changeset
811 consideratione divinae bonitatis et ex spe divini auxilii.</p><p title="II-II q. 82 a. 4 ad 3"><a name="42460"><span class="ref">[42460] IIª-IIae q. 82 a. 4 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
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diff changeset
812 dicendum quod lacrimae prorumpunt non solum ex tristitia, sed etiam
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parents: 26
diff changeset
813 ex quadam affectus teneritudine, praecipue cum consideratur aliquid
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parents: 26
diff changeset
814 delectabile cum permixtione alicuius tristabilis; sicut solent
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diff changeset
815 homines lacrimari ex pietatis affectu cum recuperant filios vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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diff changeset
816 caros amicos quos aestimaverant se perdidisse. Et per hunc modum
53
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diff changeset
817 lacrimae ex devotione procedunt.</p></div></div><div class="q" id="q83"><h2>Quaestio 83</h2><div class="p"><h3>Prooemium</h3><p title="II-II q. 83 pr."><a name="42461"><span class="ref">[42461] IIª-IIae q. 83 pr.</span></a> Deinde
28
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818 considerandum est de oratione. Et circa hoc quaeruntur decem et
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diff changeset
819 septem. Primo, utrum oratio sit actus appetitivae virtutis vel
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diff changeset
820 cognitivae. Secundo, utrum conveniens sit orare. Tertio, utrum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
821 oratio sit actus religionis. Quarto, utrum solus Deus sit orandus.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
822 Quinto, utrum in oratione sit aliquid determinate petendum. Sexto,
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diff changeset
823 utrum orando debeamus temporalia petere. Septimo, utrum pro aliis
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diff changeset
824 orare debeamus. Octavo, utrum debeamus orare pro inimicis. Nono, de
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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diff changeset
825 septem petitionibus orationis dominicae. Decimo, utrum orare sit
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parents: 26
diff changeset
826 proprium rationalis creaturae. Undecimo, utrum sancti in patria
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parents: 26
diff changeset
827 orent pro nobis. Duodecimo, utrum, oratio debeat esse vocalis.
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diff changeset
828 Tertiodecimo, utrum attentio requiratur ad orationem. Quartodecimo,
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diff changeset
829 utrum oratio debeat esse diuturna. Quintodecimo, utrum oratio sit
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diff changeset
830 efficax ad impetrandum quod petitur. Sextodecimo, utrum sit
53
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diff changeset
831 meritoria. Septimodecimo, de speciebus orationis.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 1</h3><p title="II-II q. 83 a. 1 arg. 1"><a name="42462"><span class="ref">[42462] IIª-IIae q. 83 a. 1 arg. 1</span></a> Ad primum
28
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832 sic proceditur. Videtur quod oratio sit actus appetitivae virtutis.
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diff changeset
833 Orationis enim est exaudiri. Sed desiderium est quod exauditur a
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diff changeset
834 Deo, secundum illud Psalm., <i>desiderium pauperum exaudivit
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diff changeset
835 dominus</i>. Ergo oratio est desiderium. Sed desiderium est actus
53
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diff changeset
836 appetitivae virtutis. Ergo et oratio.</p><p title="II-II q. 83 a. 1 arg. 2"><a name="42463"><span class="ref">[42463] IIª-IIae q. 83 a. 1 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
837 Dionysius dicit, in III cap. de Div. Nom., <i>ante omnia ab
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diff changeset
838 oratione incipere est utile, sicut Deo nosipsos tradentes et
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839 unientes</i>. Sed unio ad Deum per amorem fit, qui pertinet ad vim
53
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diff changeset
840 appetitivam. Ergo oratio ad vim appetitivam pertinet.</p><p title="II-II q. 83 a. 1 arg. 3"><a name="42464"><span class="ref">[42464] IIª-IIae q. 83 a. 1 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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diff changeset
841 philosophus, in III de anima, ponit duas operationes intellectivae
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diff changeset
842 partis, quarum prima est indivisibilium intelligentia, per quam
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diff changeset
843 scilicet apprehendimus de unoquoque quid est; secunda vero est
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diff changeset
844 compositio et divisio, per quam scilicet apprehenditur aliquid esse
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diff changeset
845 vel non esse. Quibus tertia additur ratiocinari, procedendo
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diff changeset
846 scilicet de notis ad ignota. Sed oratio ad nullam istarum
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diff changeset
847 operationum reducitur. Ergo non est actus intellectivae virtutis,
53
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diff changeset
848 sed appetitivae.</p><p title="II-II q. 83 a. 1 s. c."><a name="42465"><span class="ref">[42465] IIª-IIae q. 83 a. 1 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28
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diff changeset
849 est quod Isidorus dicit, in libro Etymol., quod orare idem est quod
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diff changeset
850 dicere. Sed dictio pertinet ad intellectum. Ergo oratio non est
53
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diff changeset
851 actus appetitivae virtutis, sed intellectivae.</p><p title="II-II q. 83 a. 1 co."><a name="42466"><span class="ref">[42466] IIª-IIae q. 83 a. 1 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
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diff changeset
852 dicendum quod, secundum Cassiodorum, oratio dicitur quasi oris
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diff changeset
853 ratio. Ratio autem speculativa et practica in hoc differunt quod
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diff changeset
854 ratio speculativa est apprehensiva solum rerum; ratio vero practica
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parents: 26
diff changeset
855 est non solum apprehensiva, sed etiam causativa. Est autem aliquid
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diff changeset
856 alterius causa dupliciter. Uno quidem modo, perfecte, necessitatem
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diff changeset
857 inducendo, et hoc contingit quando effectus totaliter subditur
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parents: 26
diff changeset
858 potestati causae. Alio vero modo, imperfecte, solum disponendo,
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diff changeset
859 quando scilicet effectus non subditur totaliter potestati causae.
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diff changeset
860 Sic igitur et ratio dupliciter est causa aliquorum. Uno quidem
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parents: 26
diff changeset
861 modo, sicut necessitatem imponens, et hoc modo ad rationem pertinet
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parents: 26
diff changeset
862 imperare non solum inferioribus potentiis et membris corporis, sed
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diff changeset
863 etiam hominibus subiectis, quod quidem fit imperando. Alio modo,
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diff changeset
864 sicut inducens et quodammodo disponens, et hoc modo ratio petit
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diff changeset
865 aliquid fieri ab his qui ei non subiiciuntur, sive sint aequales
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parents: 26
diff changeset
866 sive sint superiores. Utrumque autem horum, scilicet imperare et
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parents: 26
diff changeset
867 petere sive deprecari, ordinationem quandam important, prout
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
868 scilicet homo disponit aliquid per aliud esse faciendum. Unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
869 pertinent ad rationem, cuius est ordinare, propter quod philosophus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
870 dicit, in I Ethic., quod ad optima deprecatur ratio. Sic autem nunc
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parents: 26
diff changeset
871 loquimur de oratione, prout significat quandam deprecationem vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
872 petitionem, secundum quod Augustinus dicit, in libro de Verb. Dom.,
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diff changeset
873 quod oratio petitio quaedam est; et Damascenus dicit, in III libro,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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diff changeset
874 quod oratio est petitio decentium a Deo. Sic ergo patet quod oratio
53
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diff changeset
875 de qua nunc loquimur, est rationis actus.</p><p title="II-II q. 83 a. 1 ad 1"><a name="42467"><span class="ref">[42467] IIª-IIae q. 83 a. 1 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28
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diff changeset
876 ergo dicendum quod desiderium pauperum dicitur dominus exaudire,
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diff changeset
877 vel quia desiderium est causa petendi, cum petitio sit quodammodo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
878 desiderii interpres. Vel hoc dicitur ad ostendendum exauditionis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
879 velocitatem, quia scilicet dum adhuc aliquid in desiderio pauperum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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diff changeset
880 est, Deus exaudit, antequam orationem proponant; secundum illud
53
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diff changeset
881 Isaiae LXV, <i>eritque, antequam clament, ego exaudiam</i>.</p><p title="II-II q. 83 a. 1 ad 2"><a name="42468"><span class="ref">[42468] IIª-IIae q. 83 a. 1 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
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diff changeset
882 dicendum quod, sicut supra dictum est, voluntas movet rationem ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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diff changeset
883 suum finem. Unde nihil prohibet, movente voluntate, actum rationis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
884 tendere in finem caritatis, qui est Deo uniri. Tendit autem oratio
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
885 in Deum quasi a voluntate caritatis mota, dupliciter. Uno quidem
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parents: 26
diff changeset
886 modo, ex parte eius quod petitur, quia hoc praecipue est in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
887 oratione petendum, ut Deo uniamur; secundum illud Psalm., <i>unam
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parents: 26
diff changeset
888 petii a domino, hanc requiram, ut inhabitem in domo domini omnibus
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parents: 26
diff changeset
889 diebus vitae meae</i>. Alio modo, ex parte ipsius petentis, quem
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diff changeset
890 oportet accedere ad eum a quo petit, vel loco, sicut ad hominem;
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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diff changeset
891 vel mente, sicut ad Deum. Unde dicit ibidem quod, <i>quando
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diff changeset
892 orationibus invocamus Deum, revelata mente adsumus ipsi</i>. Et
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diff changeset
893 secundum hoc etiam Damascenus dicit quod <i>oratio est ascensus
53
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diff changeset
894 intellectus in Deum</i>.</p><p title="II-II q. 83 a. 1 ad 3"><a name="42469"><span class="ref">[42469] IIª-IIae q. 83 a. 1 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
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diff changeset
895 dicendum quod illi tres actus pertinent ad rationem speculativam.
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diff changeset
896 Sed ulterius ad rationem practicam pertinet causare aliquid per
53
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diff changeset
897 modum imperii vel per modum petitionis, ut dictum est.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 2</h3><p title="II-II q. 83 a. 2 arg. 1"><a name="42470"><span class="ref">[42470] IIª-IIae q. 83 a. 2 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
28
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diff changeset
898 secundum sic proceditur. Videtur quod non sit conveniens orare.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
899 Oratio enim videtur esse necessaria ad hoc quod intimemus ei a quo
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parents: 26
diff changeset
900 petimus id quo indigemus. Sed, sicut dicitur Matth. VI, <i>scit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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diff changeset
901 pater vester quia his indigetis</i>. Ergo non est conveniens Deum
53
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diff changeset
902 orare.</p><p title="II-II q. 83 a. 2 arg. 2"><a name="42471"><span class="ref">[42471] IIª-IIae q. 83 a. 2 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
903 per orationem flectitur animus eius qui oratur ut faciat quod ab eo
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parents: 26
diff changeset
904 petitur. Sed animus Dei est immutabilis et inflexibilis, secundum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
905 illud I Reg. XV, <i>porro triumphator in Israel non parcet, nec
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diff changeset
906 poenitudine flectetur</i>. Ergo non est conveniens quod Deum
53
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diff changeset
907 oremus.</p><p title="II-II q. 83 a. 2 arg. 3"><a name="42472"><span class="ref">[42472] IIª-IIae q. 83 a. 2 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
908 liberalius est dare aliquid non petenti quam dare petenti, quia,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
909 sicut Seneca dicit, <i>nulla res carius emitur quam quae precibus
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parents: 26
diff changeset
910 empta est</i>. Sed Deus est liberalissimus. Ergo non videtur esse
53
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diff changeset
911 conveniens quod Deum oremus.</p><p title="II-II q. 83 a. 2 s. c."><a name="42473"><span class="ref">[42473] IIª-IIae q. 83 a. 2 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28
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diff changeset
912 est quod dicitur Luc. XVIII, <i>oportet orare, et non
53
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diff changeset
913 deficere</i>.</p><p title="II-II q. 83 a. 2 co."><a name="42474"><span class="ref">[42474] IIª-IIae q. 83 a. 2 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
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diff changeset
914 dicendum quod triplex fuit circa orationem antiquorum error. Quidam
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diff changeset
915 enim posuerunt quod res humanae non reguntur divina providentia. Ex
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parents: 26
diff changeset
916 quo sequitur quod vanum sit orare, et omnino Deum colere. Et de his
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parents: 26
diff changeset
917 dicitur Malach. III, <i>dixistis, vanus est qui servit Deo</i>.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
918 Secunda fuit opinio ponentium omnia, etiam in rebus humanis, ex
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parents: 26
diff changeset
919 necessitate contingere, sive ex immutabilitate divinae
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parents: 26
diff changeset
920 providentiae, sive ex necessitate stellarum, sive ex connexione
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parents: 26
diff changeset
921 causarum. Et secundum hos etiam excluditur orationis utilitas.
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diff changeset
922 Tertia fuit opinio ponentium quidem res humanas divina providentia
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diff changeset
923 regi, et quod res humanae non proveniunt ex necessitate, sed
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diff changeset
924 dicebant similiter dispositionem divinae providentiae variabilem
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diff changeset
925 esse, et quod orationibus et aliis quae ad divinum cultum pertinent
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
926 dispositio divinae providentiae immutatur. Haec autem omnia in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
927 primo libro improbata sunt. Et ideo oportet sic inducere orationis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
928 utilitatem ut neque rebus humanis, divinae providentiae subiectis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
929 necessitatem imponamus; neque etiam divinam dispositionem mutabilem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
930 aestimemus. Ad huius ergo evidentiam, considerandum est quod ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
931 divina providentia non solum disponitur qui effectus fiant, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
932 etiam ex quibus causis et quo ordine proveniant. Inter alias autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
933 causas sunt etiam quorundam causae actus humani. Unde oportet
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
934 homines agere aliqua, non ut per suos actus divinam dispositionem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
935 immutent, sed ut per actus suos impleant quosdam effectus secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
936 ordinem a Deo dispositum. Et idem etiam est in naturalibus causis.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
937 Et simile est etiam de oratione. Non enim propter hoc oramus ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
938 divinam dispositionem immutemus, sed ut id impetremus quod Deus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
939 disposuit per orationes sanctorum esse implendum; <i>ut scilicet
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
940 homines postulando mereantur accipere quod eis omnipotens Deus ante
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
941 saecula disposuit donare</i>, ut Gregorius dicit, in libro
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
942 dialogorum.</p><p title="II-II q. 83 a. 2 ad 1"><a name="42475"><span class="ref">[42475] IIª-IIae q. 83 a. 2 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
943 ergo dicendum quod non est necessarium nos Deo preces porrigere ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
944 ei nostras indigentias vel desideria manifestemus, sed ut nosipsi
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
945 consideremus in his ad divinum auxilium esse recurrendum.</p><p title="II-II q. 83 a. 2 ad 2"><a name="42476"><span class="ref">[42476] IIª-IIae q. 83 a. 2 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
946 dicendum quod, sicut dictum est, oratio nostra non ordinatur ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
947 immutationem divinae dispositionis, sed ut obtineatur nostris
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
948 precibus quod Deus disposuit.</p><p title="II-II q. 83 a. 2 ad 3"><a name="42477"><span class="ref">[42477] IIª-IIae q. 83 a. 2 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
949 dicendum quod Deus multa nobis praestat ex sua liberalitate etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
950 non petita. Sed quod aliqua vult praestare nobis petentibus, hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
951 est propter nostram utilitatem, ut scilicet fiduciam quandam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
952 accipiamus recurrendi ad Deum, et ut recognoscamus eum esse bonorum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
953 nostrorum auctorem. Unde Chrysostomus dicit, <i>considera quanta
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
954 est tibi concessa felicitas, quanta gloria attributa, orationibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
955 fabulari cum Deo, cum Christo miscere colloquia, optare quod velis,
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
956 quod desideras postulare</i>.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 3</h3><p title="II-II q. 83 a. 3 arg. 1"><a name="42478"><span class="ref">[42478] IIª-IIae q. 83 a. 3 arg. 1</span></a> Ad tertium
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
957 sic proceditur. Videtur quod oratio non sit actus religionis.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
958 Religio enim, cum sit pars iustitiae, est in voluntate sicut in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
959 subiecto. Sed oratio pertinet ad partem intellectivam, ut ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
960 supradictis patet. Ergo oratio non videtur esse actus religionis,
53
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parents: 28
diff changeset
961 sed doni intellectus, per quod mens ascendit in Deum.</p><p title="II-II q. 83 a. 3 arg. 2"><a name="42479"><span class="ref">[42479] IIª-IIae q. 83 a. 3 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
962 actus latriae cadit sub necessitate praecepti. Sed oratio non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
963 videtur cadere sub necessitate praecepti, sed ex mera voluntate
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
964 procedere, cum nihil aliud sit quam volitorum petitio. Ergo oratio
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
965 non videtur esse religionis actus.</p><p title="II-II q. 83 a. 3 arg. 3"><a name="42480"><span class="ref">[42480] IIª-IIae q. 83 a. 3 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
966 ad religionem pertinere videtur ut quis <i>divinae naturae cultum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
967 caeremoniamque afferat</i>. Sed oratio non videtur aliquid Deo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
968 afferre, sed magis aliquid obtinendum ab eo petere. Ergo oratio non
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
969 est religionis actus.</p><p title="II-II q. 83 a. 3 s. c."><a name="42481"><span class="ref">[42481] IIª-IIae q. 83 a. 3 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
970 est quod dicitur in Psalm., <i>dirigatur oratio mea sicut incensum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
971 in conspectu tuo</i>, ubi dicit Glossa quod <i>in huius figuram, in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
972 veteri lege incensum dicebatur offerri in odorem suavem domino</i>.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
973 Sed hoc pertinet ad religionem. Ergo oratio est religionis
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
974 actus.</p><p title="II-II q. 83 a. 3 co."><a name="42482"><span class="ref">[42482] IIª-IIae q. 83 a. 3 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
975 dicendum quod, sicut supra dictum est, ad religionem proprie
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
976 pertinet reverentiam et honorem Deo exhibere. Et ideo omnia illa
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
977 per quae Deo reverentia exhibetur pertinent ad religionem. Per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
978 orationem autem homo Deo reverentiam exhibet, inquantum scilicet se
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
979 ei subiicit, et profitetur orando se eo indigere sicut auctore
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
980 suorum bonorum. Unde manifestum est quod oratio est proprie
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
981 religionis actus.</p><p title="II-II q. 83 a. 3 ad 1"><a name="42483"><span class="ref">[42483] IIª-IIae q. 83 a. 3 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
982 ergo dicendum quod voluntas movet alias potentias animae in suum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
983 finem, sicut supra dictum est. Et ideo religio, quae est in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
984 voluntate, ordinat actus aliarum potentiarum ad Dei reverentiam.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
985 Inter alias autem potentias animae, intellectus altior est et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
986 voluntati propinquior. Et ideo post devotionem, quae pertinet ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
987 ipsam voluntatem, oratio, quae pertinet ad partem intellectivam,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
988 est praecipua inter actus religionis, per quam religio intellectum
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
989 hominis movet in Deum.</p><p title="II-II q. 83 a. 3 ad 2"><a name="42484"><span class="ref">[42484] IIª-IIae q. 83 a. 3 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
990 dicendum quod non solum petere quae desideramus, sed etiam recte
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
991 aliquid desiderare sub praecepto cadit. Sed desiderare quidem cadit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
992 sub praecepto caritatis, petere autem sub praecepto religionis.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
993 Quod quidem praeceptum ponitur Matth. VII, ubi dicitur, <i>petite,
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
994 et accipietis</i>.</p><p title="II-II q. 83 a. 3 ad 3"><a name="42485"><span class="ref">[42485] IIª-IIae q. 83 a. 3 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
995 dicendum quod orando tradit homo mentem suam Deo, quam ei per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
996 reverentiam subiicit et quodammodo praesentat, ut patet ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
997 auctoritate Dionysii prius inducta. Et ideo sicut mens humana
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
998 praeeminet exterioribus vel corporalibus membris, vel exterioribus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
999 rebus quae ad Dei servitium applicantur, ita etiam oratio
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
1000 praeeminet aliis actibus religionis.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 4</h3><p title="II-II q. 83 a. 4 arg. 1"><a name="42486"><span class="ref">[42486] IIª-IIae q. 83 a. 4 arg. 1</span></a> Ad quartum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1001 sic proceditur. Videtur quod solus Deus debeat orari. Oratio enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1002 est actus religionis, ut dictum est. Sed solus Deus est religione
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
1003 colendus. Ergo solus Deus est orandus.</p><p title="II-II q. 83 a. 4 arg. 2"><a name="42487"><span class="ref">[42487] IIª-IIae q. 83 a. 4 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1004 frustra porrigitur oratio ad eum qui orationem non cognoscit. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1005 solius Dei est orationem cognoscere. Tum quia plerumque oratio
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1006 magis agitur interiori actu, quem solus Deus cognoscit, quam voce,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1007 secundum illud quod apostolus dicit, I ad Cor. XIV, orabo spiritu,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1008 orabo et mente. Tum etiam quia, ut Augustinus dicit, in libro de
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1009 cura pro mortuis agenda, <i>nesciunt mortui, etiam sancti, quid
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1010 agant vivi, etiam eorum filii</i>. Ergo oratio non est nisi Deo
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
1011 porrigenda.</p><p title="II-II q. 83 a. 4 arg. 3"><a name="42488"><span class="ref">[42488] IIª-IIae q. 83 a. 4 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1012 si aliquibus sanctis orationem porrigimus, hoc non est nisi
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1013 inquantum sunt Deo coniuncti. Sed quidam in hoc mundo viventes, vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1014 etiam in Purgatorio existentes, sunt multum Deo coniuncti per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1015 gratiam. Ad eos autem non porrigitur oratio. Ergo nec ad sanctos
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
1016 qui sunt in Paradiso debemus orationem porrigere.</p><p title="II-II q. 83 a. 4 s. c."><a name="42489"><span class="ref">[42489] IIª-IIae q. 83 a. 4 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1017 est quod dicitur Iob V, <i>voca, si est qui tibi respondeat, et ad
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
1018 aliquem sanctorum convertere</i>.</p><p title="II-II q. 83 a. 4 co."><a name="42490"><span class="ref">[42490] IIª-IIae q. 83 a. 4 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1019 dicendum quod oratio porrigitur alicui dupliciter, uno modo, quasi
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1020 per ipsum implenda; alio modo, sicut per ipsum impetranda. Primo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1021 quidem modo soli Deo orationem porrigimus, quia omnes orationes
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1022 nostrae ordinari debent ad gratiam et gloriam consequendam, quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1023 solus Deus dat, secundum illud Psalm., <i>gratiam et gloriam dabit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1024 dominus</i>. Sed secundo modo orationem porrigimus sanctis Angelis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1025 et hominibus, non ut per eos Deus nostras petitiones cognoscat, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1026 ut eorum precibus et meritis orationes nostrae sortiantur effectum.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1027 Et ideo dicitur Apoc. VIII quod <i>ascendit fumus aromatum, idest
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1028 orationes sanctorum, de manu Angeli coram domino</i>. Et hoc etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1029 patet ex ipso modo quo Ecclesia utitur in orando. Nam a sancta
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1030 Trinitate petimus ut nostri misereatur, ab aliis autem sanctis
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
1031 quibuscumque petimus ut orent pro nobis.</p><p title="II-II q. 83 a. 4 ad 1"><a name="42491"><span class="ref">[42491] IIª-IIae q. 83 a. 4 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1032 ergo dicendum quod illi soli impendimus orando religionis cultum a
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1033 quo quaerimus obtinere quod oramus, quia in hoc protestamur eum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1034 bonorum nostrorum auctorem, non autem eis quos requirimus quasi
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
1035 interpellatores nostros apud Deum.</p><p title="II-II q. 83 a. 4 ad 2"><a name="42492"><span class="ref">[42492] IIª-IIae q. 83 a. 4 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1036 dicendum quod mortui ea quae in hoc mundo aguntur, considerata
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1037 eorum naturali conditione, non cognoscunt, et praecipue interiores
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1038 motus cordis. Sed beatis, ut Gregorius dicit, in XII Moral., in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1039 verbo manifestatur illud quod decet eos cognoscere de eis quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1040 circa nos aguntur, etiam quantum ad interiores motus cordis. Maxime
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1041 autem eorum excellentiam decet ut cognoscant petitiones ad eos
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1042 factas vel voce vel corde. Et ideo petitiones quas ad eos
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
1043 dirigimus, Deo manifestante, cognoscunt.</p><p title="II-II q. 83 a. 4 ad 3"><a name="42493"><span class="ref">[42493] IIª-IIae q. 83 a. 4 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1044 dicendum quod illi qui sunt in hoc mundo aut in Purgatorio, nondum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1045 fruuntur visione verbi, ut possint cognoscere ea quae nos cogitamus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1046 vel dicimus. Et ideo eorum suffragia non imploramus orando, sed a
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
1047 vivis petimus colloquendo.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 5</h3><p title="II-II q. 83 a. 5 arg. 1"><a name="42494"><span class="ref">[42494] IIª-IIae q. 83 a. 5 arg. 1</span></a> Ad quintum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1048 sic proceditur. Videtur quod in oratione nihil determinate a Deo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1049 petere debeamus. Quia, ut Damascenus dicit, <i>oratio est petitio
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1050 decentium a Deo</i>. Unde inefficax est oratio per quam petitur id
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1051 quod non expedit, secundum illud Iac. IV, <i>petitis et non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1052 accipitis, eo quod male petatis</i>. Sed sicut dicitur Rom. VIII.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1053 <i>Nam quid oremus sicut oportet, nescimus</i>. Ergo non debemus
53
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parents: 28
diff changeset
1054 aliquid orando determinate petere.</p><p title="II-II q. 83 a. 5 arg. 2"><a name="42495"><span class="ref">[42495] IIª-IIae q. 83 a. 5 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1055 quicumque aliquid determinate ab alio petit, nititur voluntatem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1056 ipsius inclinare ad faciendum id quod ipse vult. Non autem ad hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1057 tendere debemus ut Deus velit quod nos volumus, sed magis ut nos
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1058 velimus quod Deus vult, ut dicit Glossa, super illud Psalm.,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1059 <i>exultate, iusti, in domino</i>. Ergo non debemus aliquid
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
1060 determinatum a Deo petere.</p><p title="II-II q. 83 a. 5 arg. 3"><a name="42496"><span class="ref">[42496] IIª-IIae q. 83 a. 5 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1061 mala a Deo petenda non sunt, ad bona autem Deus ipse nos invitat.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1062 Frustra autem ab aliquo petitur ad quod accipiendum invitatur. Ergo
53
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parents: 28
diff changeset
1063 non est determinate aliquid a Deo in oratione petendum.</p><p title="II-II q. 83 a. 5 s. c."><a name="42497"><span class="ref">[42497] IIª-IIae q. 83 a. 5 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1064 est quod dominus, Matth. VI et Luc. XI, docuit discipulos
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1065 determinate petere ea quae continentur in petitionibus orationis
53
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parents: 28
diff changeset
1066 dominicae.</p><p title="II-II q. 83 a. 5 co."><a name="42498"><span class="ref">[42498] IIª-IIae q. 83 a. 5 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1067 dicendum quod, sicut maximus Valerius refert, <i>Socrates nihil
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diff changeset
1068 ultra petendum a diis immortalibus arbitrabatur quam ut bona
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1069 tribuerent, quia hi demum scirent quid unicuique esset utile; nos
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1070 autem plerumque id votis expetere quod non impetrasse melius
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1071 foret</i>. Quae quidem sententia aliqualiter vera est, quantum ad
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1072 illa quae possunt malum eventum habere, quibus etiam homo potest
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1073 male et bene uti, sicut divitiae, quae, ut ibidem dicitur,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1074 <i>multis exitio fuere; honores, qui complures pessumdederunt;
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1075 regna, quorum exitus saepe miserabiles cernuntur; splendida
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1076 coniugia, quae nonnunquam funditus domos evertunt</i>. Sunt tamen
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1077 quaedam bona quibus homo male uti non potest, quae scilicet malum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1078 eventum habere non possunt. Haec autem sunt quibus beatificamur et
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1079 quibus beatitudinem meremur. Quae quidem sancti orando absolute
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1080 petunt, secundum illud, <i>ostende faciem tuam, et salvi
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1081 erimus</i>; et iterum, <i>deduc me in semitam mandatorum
53
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parents: 28
diff changeset
1082 tuorum</i>.</p><p title="II-II q. 83 a. 5 ad 1"><a name="42499"><span class="ref">[42499] IIª-IIae q. 83 a. 5 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1083 ergo dicendum quod licet homo ex se scire non possit quid orare
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1084 debeat, spiritus tamen, ut ibidem dicitur, in hoc adiuvat
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1085 infirmitatem nostram quod, inspirando nobis sancta desideria, recte
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1086 postulare nos facit. Unde dominus dicit, Ioan. IV, quod <i>veros
53
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diff changeset
1087 adoratores adorare oportet in spiritu et veritate</i>.</p><p title="II-II q. 83 a. 5 ad 2"><a name="42500"><span class="ref">[42500] IIª-IIae q. 83 a. 5 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1088 dicendum quod cum orando petimus aliqua quae pertinent ad nostram
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1089 salutem, conformamus voluntatem nostram voluntati Dei, de quo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1090 dicitur, I ad Tim. II, quod <i>vult omnes homines salvos
53
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diff changeset
1091 fieri</i>.</p><p title="II-II q. 83 a. 5 ad 3"><a name="42501"><span class="ref">[42501] IIª-IIae q. 83 a. 5 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1092 dicendum quod sic ad bona Deus nos invitat quod ad ea non passibus
53
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diff changeset
1093 corporis, sed piis desideriis et devotis orationibus accedamus.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 6</h3><p title="II-II q. 83 a. 6 arg. 1"><a name="42502"><span class="ref">[42502] IIª-IIae q. 83 a. 6 arg. 1</span></a> Ad sextum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1094 sic proceditur. Videtur quod homo non debeat temporalia petere a
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1095 Deo orando. Quae enim orando petimus, quaerimus. Sed temporalia non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1096 debemus quaerere, dicitur enim Matth. VI, primum quaerite regnum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1097 Dei et iustitiam eius, et haec omnia adiicientur vobis, scilicet
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1098 temporalia; quae non quaerenda dicit, sed adiicienda quaesitis.
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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diff changeset
1099 Ergo temporalia non sunt in oratione a Deo petenda.</p><p title="II-II q. 83 a. 6 arg. 2"><a name="42503"><span class="ref">[42503] IIª-IIae q. 83 a. 6 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1100 nullus petit nisi ea de quibus est sollicitus. Sed de temporalibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1101 sollicitudinem habere non debemus, secundum quod dicitur Matth. VI,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1102 <i>nolite solliciti esse animae vestrae, quid manducetis</i>. Ergo
53
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diff changeset
1103 temporalia petere orando non debemus.</p><p title="II-II q. 83 a. 6 arg. 3"><a name="42504"><span class="ref">[42504] IIª-IIae q. 83 a. 6 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1104 per orationem nostram mens debet elevari in Deum. Sed petendo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1105 temporalia descendit ad ea quae infra se sunt, contra id quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1106 apostolus dicebat, II ad Cor. IV, <i>non contemplantibus nobis quae
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1107 videntur, sed quae non videntur, quae enim videntur, temporalia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1108 sunt; quae autem non videntur, aeterna</i>. Ergo non debet homo
53
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diff changeset
1109 temporalia in oratione a Deo petere.</p><p title="II-II q. 83 a. 6 arg. 4"><a name="42505"><span class="ref">[42505] IIª-IIae q. 83 a. 6 arg. 4</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1110 homo non debet petere a Deo nisi bona et utilia. Sed quandoque
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1111 temporalia habita sunt nociva, non solum spiritualiter, sed etiam
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
1112 temporaliter. Ergo non sunt a Deo in oratione petenda.</p><p title="II-II q. 83 a. 6 s. c."><a name="42506"><span class="ref">[42506] IIª-IIae q. 83 a. 6 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1113 est quod dicitur Prov. XXX, <i>tribue tantum victui meo
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
1114 necessaria</i>.</p><p title="II-II q. 83 a. 6 co."><a name="42507"><span class="ref">[42507] IIª-IIae q. 83 a. 6 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1115 dicendum quod, sicut Augustinus dicit, ad Probam, de orando Deum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1116 <i>hoc licet orare quod licet desiderare</i>. Temporalia autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1117 licet desiderare, non quidem principaliter, ut in eis finem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1118 constituamus; sed sicut quaedam adminicula quibus adiuvamur ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1119 tendendum in beatitudinem, inquantum scilicet per ea vita
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1120 corporalis sustentatur, et inquantum nobis organice deserviunt ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1121 actus virtutum, ut etiam philosophus dicit, in I Ethic. Et ideo pro
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1122 temporalibus licet orare. Et hoc est quod Augustinus dicit, ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1123 Probam, <i>sufficientiam vitae non indecenter vult quisquis eam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1124 vult et non amplius. Quae quidem non appetitur propter seipsam, sed
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1125 propter salutem corporis et congruentem habitum personae hominis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1126 ut non sit inconveniens eis cum quibus vivendum est. Ista ergo, cum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1127 habentur, ut teneantur; cum non habentur, ut habeantur, orandum
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
1128 est</i>.</p><p title="II-II q. 83 a. 6 ad 1"><a name="42508"><span class="ref">[42508] IIª-IIae q. 83 a. 6 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1129 ergo dicendum quod temporalia non sunt quaerenda principaliter, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1130 secundario. Unde Augustinus dicit, in libro de Serm. Dom. in monte,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1131 cum dixit, illud primo quaerendum est, scilicet regnum Dei,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1132 significavit quia hoc, scilicet temporale bonum, <i>posterius
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1133 quaerendum est, non tempore, sed dignitate, illud tanquam bonum
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
1134 nostrum, hoc tanquam necessarium nostrum</i>.</p><p title="II-II q. 83 a. 6 ad 2"><a name="42509"><span class="ref">[42509] IIª-IIae q. 83 a. 6 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1135 dicendum quod non quaelibet sollicitudo rerum temporalium est
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
1136 prohibita, sed superflua et inordinata, ut supra habitum est.</p><p title="II-II q. 83 a. 6 ad 3"><a name="42510"><span class="ref">[42510] IIª-IIae q. 83 a. 6 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1137 dicendum quod quando mens nostra intendit temporalibus rebus ut in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1138 eis quiescat, remanet in eis depressa. Sed quando intendit eis in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1139 ordine ad beatitudinem consequendam, non ab eis deprimitur, sed
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
1140 magis ea elevat sursum.</p><p title="II-II q. 83 a. 6 ad 4"><a name="42511"><span class="ref">[42511] IIª-IIae q. 83 a. 6 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1141 dicendum quod ex quo non petimus temporalia tanquam principaliter
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1142 quaesita, sed in ordine ad aliud, eo tenore a Deo petimus ipsa ut
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
1143 nobis concedantur secundum quod expediunt ad salutem.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 7</h3><p title="II-II q. 83 a. 7 arg. 1"><a name="42512"><span class="ref">[42512] IIª-IIae q. 83 a. 7 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1144 septimum sic proceditur. Videtur quod non debeamus pro aliis orare.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1145 In orando enim sequi debemus formam quam dominus tradidit. Sed in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1146 oratione dominica petitiones pro nobis facimus, non pro aliis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1147 dicentes, panem nostrum quotidianum da nobis hodie, et cetera
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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diff changeset
1148 huiusmodi. Ergo non debemus pro aliis orare.</p><p title="II-II q. 83 a. 7 arg. 2"><a name="42513"><span class="ref">[42513] IIª-IIae q. 83 a. 7 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1149 ad hoc oratio fit quod exaudiatur. Sed una de conditionibus quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1150 requiruntur ad hoc quod oratio sit audibilis, est ut aliquis oret
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1151 pro seipso, unde super illud Ioan. XVI, <i>si quid petieritis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1152 patrem in nomine meo, dabit vobis</i>, Augustinus dicit,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1153 <i>exaudiuntur omnes pro seipsis, non autem pro omnibus. Unde non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1154 utcumque dictum est, dabit, sed, dabit vobis</i>. Ergo videtur quod
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
1155 non debeamus pro aliis orare, sed solum pro nobis.</p><p title="II-II q. 83 a. 7 arg. 3"><a name="42514"><span class="ref">[42514] IIª-IIae q. 83 a. 7 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1156 pro aliis, si sunt mali, prohibemur orare, secundum illud Ierem.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1157 VII, <i>tu ergo noli orare pro populo hoc, et non obsistas mihi,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1158 quia non exaudiam te</i>. Pro bonis autem non oportet orare, quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1159 ipsi pro seipsis orantes exaudiuntur. Ergo videtur quod non
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
1160 debeamus pro aliis orare.</p><p title="II-II q. 83 a. 7 s. c."><a name="42515"><span class="ref">[42515] IIª-IIae q. 83 a. 7 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1161 est quod dicitur Iac. V, <i>orate pro invicem, ut
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
1162 salvemini</i>.</p><p title="II-II q. 83 a. 7 co."><a name="42516"><span class="ref">[42516] IIª-IIae q. 83 a. 7 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1163 dicendum quod, sicut dictum est, illud debemus orando petere quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1164 debemus desiderare. Desiderare autem debemus bona non solum nobis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1165 sed etiam aliis, hoc enim pertinet ad rationem dilectionis, quam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1166 proximis debemus impendere, ut ex supradictis patet. Et ideo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1167 caritas hoc requirit, ut pro aliis oremus. Unde Chrysostomus dicit,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1168 super Matth., <i>pro se orare necessitas cogit, pro altero autem,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1169 caritas fraternitatis hortatur. Dulcior autem ante Deum est oratio,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1170 non quam necessitas transmittit, sed quam caritas fraternitatis
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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diff changeset
1171 commendat</i>.</p><p title="II-II q. 83 a. 7 ad 1"><a name="42517"><span class="ref">[42517] IIª-IIae q. 83 a. 7 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1172 ergo dicendum quod, sicut Cyprianus dicit, in libro de Orat.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1173 dominica, <i>ideo non dicimus, pater meus, sed noster; nec, da
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1174 mihi, sed, da nobis, quia unitatis magister noluit privatim precem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1175 fieri, ut scilicet quis pro se tantum precetur. Unum enim orare pro
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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diff changeset
1176 omnibus voluit, quo modo in uno omnes ipse portavit</i>.</p><p title="II-II q. 83 a. 7 ad 2"><a name="42518"><span class="ref">[42518] IIª-IIae q. 83 a. 7 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1177 dicendum quod pro se orare ponitur conditio orationis, non quidem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1178 necessaria ad effectum merendi, sed sicut necessaria ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1179 indeficientiam impetrandi. Contingit enim quandoque quod oratio pro
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1180 alio facta non impetrat, etiam si fiat pie et perseveranter et de
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1181 pertinentibus ad salutem, propter impedimentum quod est ex parte
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1182 eius pro quo oratur, secundum illud Ierem. XV, <i>si steterit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1183 Moyses et Samuel coram me, non est anima mea ad populum istum</i>.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1184 Nihilominus tamen oratio meritoria erit oranti, qui ex caritate
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1185 orat, secundum illud Psalm., <i>oratio mea in sinu meo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1186 convertetur</i>, Glossa, idest, <i>etsi non eis profuit, ego tamen
53
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parents: 28
diff changeset
1187 non sum frustratus mea mercede</i>.</p><p title="II-II q. 83 a. 7 ad 3"><a name="42519"><span class="ref">[42519] IIª-IIae q. 83 a. 7 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1188 dicendum quod etiam pro peccatoribus orandum est, ut convertantur,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1189 et pro iustis, ut perseverent et proficiant. Orantes tamen non pro
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1190 omnibus peccatoribus exaudiuntur, sed pro quibusdam, exaudiuntur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1191 enim pro praedestinatis, non autem pro praescitis ad mortem. Sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1192 etiam correctio qua fratres corrigimus, effectum habet in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1193 praedestinatis, non in reprobatis, secundum illud Eccle. VII,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1194 <i>nemo potest corrigere quem Deus despexerit</i>. Et ideo dicitur
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1195 I Ioan. V, <i>qui scit fratrem suum peccare peccato non ad mortem,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1196 petat, et dabitur ei vita peccanti peccatum non ad mortem</i>. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1197 sicut nulli, quandiu hic vivit, subtrahendum est correctionis
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1198 beneficium, quia non possumus distinguere praedestinatos a
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1199 reprobatis, ut Augustinus dicit, in libro de Corr. et gratia; ita
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1200 etiam nulli est denegandum orationis suffragium. Pro iustis etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1201 est orandum, triplici ratione. Primo quidem, quia multorum preces
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1202 facilius exaudiuntur. Unde Rom. XV, super illud, <i>adiuvetis me in
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1203 orationibus vestris</i>, dicit Glossa, <i>bene rogat apostolus
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1204 minores pro se orare. Multi enim minimi, dum congregantur unanimes,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1205 fiunt magni, et multorum preces impossibile est quod non
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1206 impetrent</i>, illud scilicet quod est impetrabile. Secundo, ut ex
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1207 multis gratia agatur Deo de beneficiis quae confert iustis, quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1208 etiam in utilitatem multorum vergunt, ut patet per apostolum, II ad
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1209 Cor. I. Tertio, ut maiores non superbiant, dum considerant se
53
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diff changeset
1210 minorum suffragiis indigere.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 8</h3><p title="II-II q. 83 a. 8 arg. 1"><a name="42520"><span class="ref">[42520] IIª-IIae q. 83 a. 8 arg. 1</span></a> Ad octavum
28
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diff changeset
1211 sic proceditur. Videtur quod non debeamus pro inimicis orare. Quia,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1212 ut dicitur Rom. XV, <i>quaecumque scripta sunt, ad nostram
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1213 doctrinam scripta sunt</i>. Sed in sacra Scriptura inducuntur
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1214 multae imprecationes contra inimicos, dicitur enim in Psalm.,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1215 <i>erubescant et conturbentur omnes inimici mei, erubescant et
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1216 conturbentur valde velociter</i>. Ergo et nos debemus orare contra
53
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diff changeset
1217 inimicos, magis quam pro eis.</p><p title="II-II q. 83 a. 8 arg. 2"><a name="42521"><span class="ref">[42521] IIª-IIae q. 83 a. 8 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1218 vindicari de inimicis in malum inimicorum cedit. Sed sancti
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1219 vindictam de inimicis petunt, secundum illud Apoc. VI, <i>usquequo
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1220 non vindicas sanguinem nostrum de his qui habitant in terra?</i>
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1221 Unde et de vindicta impiorum laetantur, secundum illud Psalm.,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1222 <i>laetabitur iustus cum viderit vindictam</i>. Ergo non est
53
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diff changeset
1223 orandum pro inimicis, sed magis contra eos.</p><p title="II-II q. 83 a. 8 arg. 3"><a name="42522"><span class="ref">[42522] IIª-IIae q. 83 a. 8 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1224 operatio hominis et eius oratio non debent esse contraria. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1225 homines quandoque licite impugnant inimicos, alioquin omnia bella
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1226 essent illicita, quod est contra supradicta. Ergo non debemus orare
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
1227 pro inimicis.</p><p title="II-II q. 83 a. 8 s. c."><a name="42523"><span class="ref">[42523] IIª-IIae q. 83 a. 8 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28
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diff changeset
1228 est quod dicitur Matth. V, <i>orate pro persequentibus et
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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diff changeset
1229 calumniantibus vos</i>.</p><p title="II-II q. 83 a. 8 co."><a name="42524"><span class="ref">[42524] IIª-IIae q. 83 a. 8 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1230 dicendum quod orare pro alio caritatis est, sicut dictum est. Unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1231 eodem modo quo tenemur diligere inimicos, tenemur pro inimicis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1232 orare. Qualiter autem teneamur inimicos diligere supra habitum est,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1233 in tractatu de caritate, ut scilicet in eis diligamus naturam, non
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1234 culpam; et quod diligere inimicos in generali est in praecepto, in
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1235 speciali autem non est in praecepto nisi secundum praeparationem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1236 animi, ut scilicet homo esset paratus etiam specialiter inimicum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1237 diligere et eum iuvare in necessitatis articulo, vel si veniam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1238 peteret; sed in speciali absolute inimicos diligere et eos iuvare
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1239 perfectionis est. Et similiter necessitatis est ut in communibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1240 nostris orationibus quas pro aliis facimus, inimicos non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1241 excludamus. Quod autem pro eis specialiter oremus, perfectionis
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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diff changeset
1242 est, non necessitatis, nisi in aliquo casu speciali.</p><p title="II-II q. 83 a. 8 ad 1"><a name="42525"><span class="ref">[42525] IIª-IIae q. 83 a. 8 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1243 ergo dicendum quod imprecationes quae in sacra Scriptura ponuntur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1244 quadrupliciter possunt intelligi. Uno modo, secundum quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1245 <i>prophetae solent figura imprecantis futura praedicere</i>, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1246 Augustinus dicit, in libro de Serm. Dom. in monte. Secundo, prout
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1247 quaedam temporalia mala peccatoribus quandoque a Deo ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1248 correctionem immittuntur. Tertio, quia intelliguntur petere non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1249 contra ipsos homines, sed contra regnum peccati, ut scilicet
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1250 correctione hominum peccatum destruatur. Quarto, conformando
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1251 voluntatem suam divinae iustitiae circa damnationem perseverantium
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
1252 in peccato.</p><p title="II-II q. 83 a. 8 ad 2"><a name="42526"><span class="ref">[42526] IIª-IIae q. 83 a. 8 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1253 dicendum quod, sicut in eodem libro Augustinus dicit, <i>vindicta
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1254 martyrum est ut evertatur regnum peccati, quo regnante tanta
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1255 perpessi sunt</i>. Vel, sicut dicitur in libro de quaest. Vet. et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1256 novi Test., <i>postulant se vindicari non voce, sed ratione, sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1257 sanguis Abel clamavit de terra</i>. Laetantur autem de vindicta non
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
1258 propter eam, sed propter divinam iustitiam.</p><p title="II-II q. 83 a. 8 ad 3"><a name="42527"><span class="ref">[42527] IIª-IIae q. 83 a. 8 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1259 dicendum quod licitum est impugnare inimicos ut compescantur a
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1260 peccatis, quod cedit in bonum eorum et aliorum. Et sic etiam licet
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1261 orando petere aliqua temporalia mala inimicorum ut corrigantur. Et
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
1262 sic oratio et operatio non erunt contraria.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 9</h3><p title="II-II q. 83 a. 9 arg. 1"><a name="42528"><span class="ref">[42528] IIª-IIae q. 83 a. 9 arg. 1</span></a> Ad nonum
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1263 sic proceditur. Videtur quod inconvenienter septem petitiones
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1264 orationis dominicae assignentur. Vanum enim est petere illud quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1265 semper est. Sed nomen Dei semper est sanctum, secundum illud Luc.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1266 I, <i>sanctum nomen eius</i>. Regnum etiam eius est sempiternum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1267 secundum illud Psalmo, <i>regnum tuum, domine, regnum omnium
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1268 saeculorum</i>. Voluntas etiam Dei semper impletur, secundum illud
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1269 Isaiae XLVI, omnis voluntas mea fiet. Vanum ergo est petere quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1270 nomen Dei sanctificetur, quod regnum eius adveniat, et quod eius
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
1271 voluntas fiat.</p><p title="II-II q. 83 a. 9 arg. 2"><a name="42529"><span class="ref">[42529] IIª-IIae q. 83 a. 9 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1272 prius est recedere a malo quam consequi bonum. Inconvenienter
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1273 igitur videntur praeordinari petitiones quae pertinent ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1274 consequendum bonum, petitionibus quae pertinent ad amotionem
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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diff changeset
1275 mali.</p><p title="II-II q. 83 a. 9 arg. 3"><a name="42530"><span class="ref">[42530] IIª-IIae q. 83 a. 9 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1276 ad hoc aliquid petitur ut donetur. Sed praecipuum donum Dei est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1277 spiritus sanctus, et ea quae nobis per ipsum dantur. Ergo videntur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1278 inconvenienter proponi petitiones, cum non respondeant donis
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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diff changeset
1279 spiritus sancti.</p><p title="II-II q. 83 a. 9 arg. 4"><a name="42531"><span class="ref">[42531] IIª-IIae q. 83 a. 9 arg. 4</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1280 secundum Lucam in oratione dominica ponuntur solum quinque
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1281 petitiones, ut patet Luc. XI. Superfluum igitur fuit quod secundum
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
1282 Matthaeum septem petitiones ponuntur.</p><p title="II-II q. 83 a. 9 arg. 5"><a name="42532"><span class="ref">[42532] IIª-IIae q. 83 a. 9 arg. 5</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1283 in vanum videtur captare benevolentiam eius qui benevolentia sua
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1284 nos praevenit. Sed Deus nos sua benevolentia praevenit, quia ipse
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1285 prior dilexit nos, ut dicitur I Ioan. IV. Superflue ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1286 praemittitur petitionibus, <i>pater noster, qui es in caelis</i>,
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
1287 quod videtur ad benevolentiam captandam pertinere.</p><p title="II-II q. 83 a. 9 s. c."><a name="42533"><span class="ref">[42533] IIª-IIae q. 83 a. 9 s. c.</span></a> Sed in
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
1288 contrarium sufficit auctoritas Christi orationem instituentis.</p><p title="II-II q. 83 a. 9 co."><a name="42534"><span class="ref">[42534] IIª-IIae q. 83 a. 9 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1289 dicendum quod oratio dominica perfectissima est, quia, sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1290 Augustinus dicit, ad Probam, <i>si recte et congruenter oramus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1291 nihil aliud dicere possumus quam quod in ista oratione dominica
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1292 positum est</i>. Quia enim oratio est quodammodo desiderii nostri
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1293 interpres apud Deum, illa solum recte orando petimus quae recte
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1294 desiderare valemus. In oratione autem dominica non solum petuntur
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1295 omnia quae recte desiderare possumus, sed etiam eo ordine quo
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1296 desideranda sunt, ut sic haec oratio non solum instruat postulare,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1297 sed etiam sit informativa totius nostri affectus. Manifestum est
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1298 autem quod primo cadit in desiderio finis; deinde ea quae sunt ad
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1299 finem. Finis autem noster Deus est. In quem noster affectus tendit
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1300 dupliciter, uno quidem modo, prout volumus gloriam Dei; alio modo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1301 secundum quod volumus frui gloria eius. Quorum primum pertinet ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1302 dilectionem qua Deum in seipso diligimus, secundum vero pertinet ad
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1303 dilectionem qua diligimus nos in Deo. Et ideo prima petitio
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1304 ponitur, sanctificetur nomen tuum, per quam petimus gloriam Dei.
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diff changeset
1305 Secunda vero ponitur, adveniat regnum tuum, per quam petimus ad
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1306 gloriam regni eius pervenire. Ad finem autem praedictum ordinat nos
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1307 aliquid dupliciter, uno modo, per se; alio modo, per accidens. Per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1308 se quidem, bonum quod est utile in finem. Est autem aliquid utile
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1309 in finem beatitudinis dupliciter. Uno modo, directe et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1310 principaliter, secundum meritum quo beatitudinem meremur Deo
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1311 obediendo. Et quantum ad hoc ponitur, <i>fiat voluntas tua, sicut
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1312 in caelo, et in terra</i>. Alio modo, instrumentaliter, et quasi
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1313 coadiuvans nos ad merendum. Et ad hoc pertinet quod dicitur,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1314 <i>panem nostrum quotidianum da nobis hodie</i>, sive hoc
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1315 intelligatur de pane sacramentali, cuius quotidianus usus proficit
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1316 homini, in quo etiam intelliguntur omnia alia sacramenta; sive
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1317 etiam intelligatur de pane corporali, ut per panem intelligatur
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1318 omnis sufficientia victus, sicut dicit Augustinus, ad Probam; quia
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1319 et Eucharistia est praecipuum sacramentum, et panis est praecipuus
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1320 cibus, unde et in Evangelio Matthaei scriptum est,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1321 supersubstantialem, idest praecipuum, ut Hieronymus exponit. Per
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1322 accidens autem ordinamur in beatitudinem per remotionem
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1323 prohibentis. Tria autem sunt quae nos a beatitudine prohibent.
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diff changeset
1324 Primo quidem, peccatum, quod directe excludit a regno, secundum
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diff changeset
1325 illud I ad Cor. VI, <i>neque fornicarii, neque idolis servientes,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1326 etc., regnum Dei possidebunt</i>. Et ad hoc pertinet quod dicitur,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1327 dimitte nobis debita nostra. Secundo, tentatio, quae nos impedit ab
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1328 observantia divinae voluntatis. Et ad hoc pertinet quod dicitur, et
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1329 ne nos inducas in tentationem, per quod non petimus ut non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1330 tentemur, sed ut a tentatione non vincamur, quod est in tentationem
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1331 induci. Tertio, poenalitas praesens, quae impedit sufficientiam
53
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diff changeset
1332 vitae. Et quantum ad hoc dicitur, libera nos a malo.</p><p title="II-II q. 83 a. 9 ad 1"><a name="42535"><span class="ref">[42535] IIª-IIae q. 83 a. 9 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1333 ergo dicendum quod, sicut Augustinus dicit, in libro de Serm. Dom.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1334 in monte, cum dicimus, sanctificetur nomen tuum, <i>non hoc petitur
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1335 quasi non sit sanctum Dei nomen, sed ut sanctum ab hominibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1336 habeatur</i>; quod pertinet ad Dei gloriam in hominibus
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1337 propagandam. Quod autem dicitur, adveniat regnum tuum, <i>non ita
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1338 dictum est quasi Deus nunc non regnet</i>, sed, sicut Augustinus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1339 dicit, ad Probam, <i>desiderium nostrum ad illud regnum excitamus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1340 ut nobis veniat, atque in eo regnemus</i>. Quod autem dicitur, fiat
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1341 voluntas tua, <i>recte intelligitur, obediatur praeceptis tuis.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1342 Sicut in caelo et in terra, idest, sicut ab Angelis, ita ab
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1343 hominibus</i>. Unde hae tres petitiones perfecte complebuntur in
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diff changeset
1344 vita futura, aliae vero quatuor pertinent ad necessitatem vitae
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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diff changeset
1345 praesentis, sicut Augustinus dicit, in Enchiridio.</p><p title="II-II q. 83 a. 9 ad 2"><a name="42536"><span class="ref">[42536] IIª-IIae q. 83 a. 9 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1346 dicendum quod, cum oratio sit interpres desiderii, ordo petitionum
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1347 non respondet ordini executionis, sed ordini desiderii sive
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diff changeset
1348 intentionis, in quo prius est finis quam ea quae sunt ad finem, et
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
1349 consecutio boni quam remotio mali.</p><p title="II-II q. 83 a. 9 ad 3"><a name="42537"><span class="ref">[42537] IIª-IIae q. 83 a. 9 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1350 dicendum quod Augustinus, in libro de Serm. Dom. in monte, adaptat
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1351 septem petitiones donis et beatitudinibus, dicens, <i>si timor Dei
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1352 est quo beati sunt pauperes spiritu, petamus ut sanctificetur in
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1353 hominibus nomen Dei timore casto. Si pietas est qua beati sunt
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1354 mites, petamus ut veniat regnum eius, ut mitescamus, nec ei
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1355 resistamus. Si scientia est qua beati sunt qui lugent, oremus ut
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1356 fiat voluntas eius, quia sic non lugebimus. Si fortitudo est qua
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1357 beati sunt qui esuriunt, oremus ut panis noster quotidianus detur
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1358 nobis. Si consilium est quo beati sunt misericordes, debita
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1359 dimittamus, ut nobis nostra dimittantur. Si intellectus est quo
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1360 beati sunt mundo corde, oremus ne habeamus duplex cor, temporalia
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1361 sectando, de quibus tentationes fiunt in nobis. Si sapientia est
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1362 qua beati sunt pacifici quoniam filii Dei vocabuntur, oremus ut
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1363 liberemur a malo, ipsa enim liberatio liberos nos faciet filios
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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diff changeset
1364 Dei</i>.</p><p title="II-II q. 83 a. 9 ad 4"><a name="42538"><span class="ref">[42538] IIª-IIae q. 83 a. 9 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1365 dicendum quod, sicut Augustinus dicit, in Enchirid., <i>Lucas in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1366 oratione dominica petitiones non septem, sed quinque complexus est.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1367 Ostendens enim tertiam petitionem duarum praemissarum esse
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1368 quodammodo repetitionem, praetermittendo eam facit intelligi</i>,
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1369 quia scilicet ad hoc praecipue voluntas Dei tendit ut eius
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1370 sanctitatem cognoscamus, et cum ipso regnemus. <i>Quod etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1371 Matthaeus in ultimo posuit, libera nos a malo, Lucas non posuit, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1372 sciat unusquisque in eo se liberari a malo quod non infertur in
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
1373 tentationem</i>.</p><p title="II-II q. 83 a. 9 ad 5"><a name="42539"><span class="ref">[42539] IIª-IIae q. 83 a. 9 ad 5</span></a> Ad quintum
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1374 dicendum quod oratio non porrigitur Deo ut ipsum flectamus, sed ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1375 in nobis ipsis fiduciam excitemus postulandi. Quae quidem praecipue
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1376 excitatur in nobis considerando eius caritatem ad nos, qua bonum
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1377 nostrum vult, et ideo dicimus, pater noster; et eius excellentiam,
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
1378 qua potest, et ideo dicimus, qui es in caelis.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 10</h3><p title="II-II q. 83 a. 10 arg. 1"><a name="42540"><span class="ref">[42540] IIª-IIae q. 83 a. 10 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1379 decimum sic proceditur. Videtur quod orare non sit proprium
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1380 rationalis creaturae. Eiusdem enim videtur esse petere et accipere.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1381 Sed accipere convenit etiam personis increatis, scilicet filio et
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1382 spiritui sancto. Ergo etiam eis convenit orare, nam et filius
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1383 dicit, Ioan. XIV, <i>ego rogabo patrem</i>; et de spiritu sancto
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
1384 dicit apostolus, <i>spiritus postulat pro nobis</i>.</p><p title="II-II q. 83 a. 10 arg. 2"><a name="42541"><span class="ref">[42541] IIª-IIae q. 83 a. 10 arg. 2</span></a>
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1385 Praeterea, Angeli sunt supra rationales creaturas, cum sint
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1386 intellectuales substantiae. Sed ad Angelos pertinet orare, unde in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1387 Psalm. dicitur, <i>adorate eum, omnes Angeli eius</i>. Ergo orare
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
1388 non est proprium rationalis creaturae.</p><p title="II-II q. 83 a. 10 arg. 3"><a name="42542"><span class="ref">[42542] IIª-IIae q. 83 a. 10 arg. 3</span></a>
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1389 Praeterea, eiusdem est orare cuius est invocare Deum, quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1390 praecipue fit orando. Sed brutis animalibus convenit invocare Deum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1391 secundum illud Psalm., <i>qui dat iumentis escam ipsorum, et pullis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1392 corvorum invocantibus eum</i>. Ergo orare non est proprium
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
1393 rationalis creaturae.</p><p title="II-II q. 83 a. 10 s. c."><a name="42543"><span class="ref">[42543] IIª-IIae q. 83 a. 10 s. c.</span></a> Sed
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1394 contra, oratio est actus rationis, ut supra habitum est. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1395 rationalis creatura a ratione dicitur. Ergo orare est proprium
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
1396 rationalis creaturae.</p><p title="II-II q. 83 a. 10 co."><a name="42544"><span class="ref">[42544] IIª-IIae q. 83 a. 10 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1397 dicendum quod, sicut ex supradictis patet, oratio est actus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1398 rationis per quem aliquis superiorem deprecatur, sicut imperium est
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1399 actus rationis quo inferior ad aliquid ordinatur. Illi ergo proprie
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1400 competit orare cui convenit rationem habere, et superiorem quem
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1401 deprecari possit. Divinis autem personis nihil est superius, bruta
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1402 autem animalia non habent rationem. Unde neque divinis personis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1403 neque brutis animalibus convenit orare, sed proprium est rationalis
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
1404 creaturae.</p><p title="II-II q. 83 a. 10 ad 1"><a name="42545"><span class="ref">[42545] IIª-IIae q. 83 a. 10 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1405 ergo dicendum quod divinis personis convenit accipere per naturam,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1406 orare autem est accipientis per gratiam. Dicitur autem filius
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1407 rogare, vel orare, secundum naturam assumptam, scilicet humanam,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1408 non secundum divinam. Spiritus autem sanctus dicitur postulare,
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
1409 quia postulantes nos facit.</p><p title="II-II q. 83 a. 10 ad 2"><a name="42546"><span class="ref">[42546] IIª-IIae q. 83 a. 10 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1410 dicendum quod ratio et intellectus in nobis non sunt diversae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1411 potentiae, ut in primo habitum est, differunt autem secundum
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1412 perfectum et imperfectum. Et ideo quandoque intellectuales
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1413 creaturae, quae sunt Angeli, distinguuntur a rationalibus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1414 quandoque autem sub rationalibus comprehenduntur. Et hoc modo
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
1415 dicitur oratio esse proprium rationalis creaturae.</p><p title="II-II q. 83 a. 10 ad 3"><a name="42547"><span class="ref">[42547] IIª-IIae q. 83 a. 10 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1416 dicendum quod pulli corvorum dicuntur Deum invocare, propter
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1417 naturale desiderium quo omnia suo modo desiderant consequi
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1418 bonitatem divinam. Sic etiam bruta animalia dicuntur Deo obedire,
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
1419 propter naturalem instinctum quo a Deo moventur.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 11</h3><p title="II-II q. 83 a. 11 arg. 1"><a name="42548"><span class="ref">[42548] IIª-IIae q. 83 a. 11 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1420 undecimum sic proceditur. Videtur quod sancti qui sunt in patria
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1421 non orent pro nobis. Actus enim alicuius magis est meritorius sibi
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1422 quam aliis. Sed sancti qui sunt in patria non merentur sibi, nec
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1423 pro se orant, quia iam sunt in termino constituti. Ergo etiam neque
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
1424 pro nobis orant.</p><p title="II-II q. 83 a. 11 arg. 2"><a name="42549"><span class="ref">[42549] IIª-IIae q. 83 a. 11 arg. 2</span></a>
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1425 Praeterea, sancti perfecte suam voluntatem Deo conformant, ut non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1426 velint nisi quod Deus vult. Sed illud quod Deus vult semper
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
1427 impletur. Ergo frustra sancti pro nobis orarent.</p><p title="II-II q. 83 a. 11 arg. 3"><a name="42550"><span class="ref">[42550] IIª-IIae q. 83 a. 11 arg. 3</span></a>
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1428 Praeterea, sicut sancti qui sunt in patria sunt superiores nobis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1429 ita et illi qui sunt in Purgatorio, quia iam peccare non possunt.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1430 Sed illi qui sunt in Purgatorio non orant pro nobis, sed magis nos
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
1431 pro eis. Ergo nec sancti qui sunt in patria pro nobis orant.</p><p title="II-II q. 83 a. 11 arg. 4"><a name="42551"><span class="ref">[42551] IIª-IIae q. 83 a. 11 arg. 4</span></a>
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1432 Praeterea, si sancti qui sunt in patria pro nobis orarent,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1433 superiorum sanctorum esset efficacior oratio. Non ergo deberet
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1434 implorari suffragium orationum sanctorum inferiorum, sed solum
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
1435 superiorum.</p><p title="II-II q. 83 a. 11 arg. 5"><a name="42552"><span class="ref">[42552] IIª-IIae q. 83 a. 11 arg. 5</span></a>
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1436 Praeterea, anima Petri non est Petrus. Si ergo animae sanctorum pro
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1437 nobis orarent quandiu sunt a corpore separatae, non deberemus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1438 interpellare sanctum Petrum ad orandum pro nobis, sed animam eius.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1439 Cuius contrarium Ecclesia facit. Non ergo sancti, ad minus ante
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
1440 resurrectionem, pro nobis orant.</p><p title="II-II q. 83 a. 11 s. c."><a name="42553"><span class="ref">[42553] IIª-IIae q. 83 a. 11 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1441 est quod dicitur II Mach. ult., <i>hic est qui multum orat pro
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
1442 populo et universa sancta civitate, Ieremias, propheta Dei</i>.</p><p title="II-II q. 83 a. 11 co."><a name="42554"><span class="ref">[42554] IIª-IIae q. 83 a. 11 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1443 dicendum quod, sicut Hieronymus dicit, <i>Vigilantii error fuit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1444 quod, dum vivimus, mutuo pro nobis orare possumus; postquam autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1445 mortui fuerimus, nullius sit pro alio exaudienda oratio, praesertim
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1446 cum martyres, ultionem sui sanguinis obsecrantes, impetrare
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1447 nequiverint</i>. Sed hoc est omnino falsum. Quia cum oratio pro
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1448 aliis facta ex caritate proveniat, ut dictum est, quanto sancti qui
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1449 sunt in patria sunt perfectioris caritatis, tanto magis orant pro
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1450 viatoribus, qui orationibus iuvari possunt, et quanto sunt Deo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1451 coniunctiores, tanto eorum orationes sunt magis efficaces. Habet
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1452 enim hoc divinus ordo, ut ex superiorum excellentia in inferiora
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1453 refundatur, sicut ex claritate solis in aerem. Unde et de Christo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1454 dicitur, Heb. VII, <i>accedens per semetipsum ad Deum ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1455 interpellandum pro nobis</i>. Et propter hoc Hieronymus, contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1456 Vigilantium, dicit, <i>si apostoli et martyres adhuc in corpore
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1457 constituti possunt orare pro ceteris, quando pro se adhuc debent
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1458 esse solliciti; quanto magis post coronas, victorias et
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
1459 triumphos</i>.</p><p title="II-II q. 83 a. 11 ad 1"><a name="42555"><span class="ref">[42555] IIª-IIae q. 83 a. 11 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1460 ergo dicendum quod sanctis qui sunt in patria, cum sint beati,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1461 nihil deest nisi gloria corporis, pro qua orant. Orant autem pro
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1462 nobis, quibus deest beatitudinis ultima perfectio. Et eorum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1463 orationes habent efficaciam impetrandi ex praecedentibus eorum
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
1464 meritis, et ex divina acceptatione.</p><p title="II-II q. 83 a. 11 ad 2"><a name="42556"><span class="ref">[42556] IIª-IIae q. 83 a. 11 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1465 dicendum quod sancti impetrant illud quod Deus vult fieri per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1466 orationes eorum. Et hoc petunt quod aestimant eorum orationibus
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
1467 implendum secundum Dei voluntatem.</p><p title="II-II q. 83 a. 11 ad 3"><a name="42557"><span class="ref">[42557] IIª-IIae q. 83 a. 11 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1468 dicendum quod illi qui sunt in Purgatorio, etsi sint superiores
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1469 nobis propter impeccabilitatem, sunt tamen inferiores quantum ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1470 poenas quas patiuntur. Et secundum hoc non sunt in statu orandi,
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
1471 sed magis ut oretur pro eis.</p><p title="II-II q. 83 a. 11 ad 4"><a name="42558"><span class="ref">[42558] IIª-IIae q. 83 a. 11 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1472 dicendum quod Deus vult inferiora per omnia superiora iuvari. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1473 ideo oportet non solum superiores, sed etiam inferiores sanctos
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1474 implorare. Alioquin esset solius Dei misericordia imploranda.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1475 Contingit tamen quandoque quod imploratio inferioris sancti
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1476 efficacior est, vel quia devotius implorantur; vel quia Deus vult
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
1477 eorum sanctitatem declarare.</p><p title="II-II q. 83 a. 11 ad 5"><a name="42559"><span class="ref">[42559] IIª-IIae q. 83 a. 11 ad 5</span></a> Ad quintum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1478 dicendum quod quia sancti viventes meruerunt ut pro nobis orarent,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1479 ideo eos invocamus nominibus quibus hic vocabantur, quibus etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1480 nobis magis innotescunt. Et iterum propter fidem resurrectionis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1481 insinuandam, sicut legitur Exod. III, <i>ego sum Deus Abraham,</i>
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
1482 et cetera.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 12</h3><p title="II-II q. 83 a. 12 arg. 1"><a name="42560"><span class="ref">[42560] IIª-IIae q. 83 a. 12 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1483 duodecimum sic proceditur. Videtur quod oratio non debeat esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1484 vocalis. Oratio enim, sicut ex dictis patet, principaliter Deo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1485 porrigitur. Deus autem locutionem cordis cognoscit. Frustra igitur
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
1486 vocalis oratio adhibetur.</p><p title="II-II q. 83 a. 12 arg. 2"><a name="42561"><span class="ref">[42561] IIª-IIae q. 83 a. 12 arg. 2</span></a>
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1487 Praeterea, per orationem mens hominis debet in Deum ascendere, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1488 dictum est. Sed voces retrahunt homines ab ascensu contemplationis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1489 in Deum, sicut et alia sensibilia. Ergo in oratione non est vocibus
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
1490 utendum.</p><p title="II-II q. 83 a. 12 arg. 3"><a name="42562"><span class="ref">[42562] IIª-IIae q. 83 a. 12 arg. 3</span></a>
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1491 Praeterea, oratio debet offerri Deo in occulto, secundum illud
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1492 Matth. VI, <i>tu autem cum oraveris, intra in cubiculum, et clauso
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1493 ostio, ora patrem tuum in abscondito</i>. Sed per vocem oratio
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
1494 publicatur. Ergo non debet oratio esse vocalis.</p><p title="II-II q. 83 a. 12 s. c."><a name="42563"><span class="ref">[42563] IIª-IIae q. 83 a. 12 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1495 est quod dicitur in Psalm., <i>voce mea ad dominum clamavi, voce
53
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parents: 28
diff changeset
1496 mea ad dominum deprecatus sum</i>.</p><p title="II-II q. 83 a. 12 co."><a name="42564"><span class="ref">[42564] IIª-IIae q. 83 a. 12 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1497 dicendum quod duplex est oratio, communis, et singularis. Communis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1498 quidem oratio est quae per ministros Ecclesiae in persona totius
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1499 fidelis populi Deo offertur. Et ideo oportet quod talis oratio
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1500 innotescat toti populo, pro quo profertur. Quod non posset fieri
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1501 nisi esset vocalis. Et ideo rationabiliter institutum est ut
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1502 ministri Ecclesiae huiusmodi orationes etiam alta voce pronuntient,
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1503 ut ad notitiam omnium possit pervenire. Oratio vero singularis est
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1504 quae offertur a singulari persona cuiuscumque sive pro se sive pro
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1505 aliis orantis. Et de huiusmodi orationis necessitate non est quod
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1506 sit vocalis. Adiungitur tamen vox tali orationi triplici ratione.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1507 Primo quidem, ad excitandum interiorem devotionem, qua mens orantis
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1508 elevetur in Deum. Quia per exteriora signa, sive vocum sive etiam
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1509 aliquorum factorum, movetur mens hominis et secundum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1510 apprehensionem, et per consequens secundum affectionem. Unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1511 Augustinus dicit, ad Probam, quod <i>verbis et aliis signis ad
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1512 augendum sanctum desiderium nosipsos acrius excitamus</i>. Et ideo
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1513 in singulari oratione tantum est vocibus et huiusmodi signis
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1514 utendum quantum proficit ad excitandum interius mentem. Si vero
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1515 mens per hoc distrahatur, vel qualitercumque impediatur, est a
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1516 talibus cessandum. Quod praecipue contingit in illis quorum mens
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1517 sine huiusmodi signis est sufficienter ad devotionem parata. Unde
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1518 Psalmista dicebat, <i>tibi dixit cor meum, exquisivit te facies
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1519 mea</i>; et de Anna legitur, I Reg. I, quod loquebatur in corde
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1520 suo. Secundo, adiungitur vocalis oratio quasi ad redditionem
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1521 debiti, ut scilicet homo Deo serviat secundum totum illud quod ex
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1522 Deo habet, idest non solum mente, sed etiam corpore. Quod praecipue
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1523 competit orationi secundum quod est satisfactoria. Unde dicitur
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1524 Osee ult., <i>omnem aufer iniquitatem, et accipe bonum, et reddemus
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1525 vitulos labiorum nostrorum</i>. Tertio, adiungitur vocalis oratio
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1526 ex quadam redundantia ab anima in corpus ex vehementi affectione,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1527 secundum illud Psalm., <i>laetatum est cor meum, et exultavit
53
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parents: 28
diff changeset
1528 lingua mea</i>.</p><p title="II-II q. 83 a. 12 ad 1"><a name="42565"><span class="ref">[42565] IIª-IIae q. 83 a. 12 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1529 ergo dicendum quod vocalis oratio non profertur ad hoc quod aliquid
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1530 ignotum Deo manifestetur, sed ad hoc quod mens orantis vel aliorum
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
1531 excitetur in Deum.</p><p title="II-II q. 83 a. 12 ad 2"><a name="42566"><span class="ref">[42566] IIª-IIae q. 83 a. 12 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1532 dicendum quod verba ad aliud pertinentia distrahunt mentem, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1533 impediunt devotionem orantis. Sed verba significantia aliquid ad
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
1534 devotionem pertinens excitant mentes, praecipue minus devotas.</p><p title="II-II q. 83 a. 12 ad 3"><a name="42567"><span class="ref">[42567] IIª-IIae q. 83 a. 12 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1535 dicendum quod, sicut Chrysostomus dicit, super Matth., <i>eo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1536 proposito dominus vetat in conventu orare ut a conventu videatur.
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1537 Unde orans nihil novum facere debet quod aspiciant homines, vel
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1538 clamando vel pectus percutiendo vel manus expandendo</i>. Nec
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1539 tamen, ut Augustinus dicit, in libro de Serm. Dom. in monte,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1540 <i>videri ab hominibus nefas est, sed ideo haec agere ut ab
53
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parents: 28
diff changeset
1541 hominibus videaris</i>.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 13</h3><p title="II-II q. 83 a. 13 arg. 1"><a name="42568"><span class="ref">[42568] IIª-IIae q. 83 a. 13 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1542 tertiumdecimum sic proceditur. Videtur quod de necessitate
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1543 orationis sit quod sit attenta. Dicitur enim Ioan. IV, <i>spiritus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1544 est Deus, et eos qui adorant eum, in spiritu et veritate adorare
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1545 oportet</i>. Sed oratio non est in spiritu si non sit attenta. Ergo
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
1546 de necessitate orationis est quod sit attenta.</p><p title="II-II q. 83 a. 13 arg. 2"><a name="42569"><span class="ref">[42569] IIª-IIae q. 83 a. 13 arg. 2</span></a>
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1547 Praeterea, oratio est ascensus intellectus in Deum. Sed quando
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1548 oratio non est attenta, intellectus non ascendit in Deum. Ergo de
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
1549 necessitate orationis est quod sit attenta.</p><p title="II-II q. 83 a. 13 arg. 3"><a name="42570"><span class="ref">[42570] IIª-IIae q. 83 a. 13 arg. 3</span></a>
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1550 Praeterea, de necessitate orationis est quod careat omni peccato.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1551 Sed non est absque peccato quod aliquis orando evagationem mentis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1552 patiatur, videtur eum deridere Deum, sicut et si alicui homini
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1553 loqueretur et non attenderet ad ea quae ipse proferret. Unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1554 Basilius dicit, <i>est divinum auxilium implorandum non remisse,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1555 nec mente huc illuc evagante, eo quod talis non solum non
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1556 impetrabit quod petit, sed et magis Deum irritabit</i>. Ergo de
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
1557 necessitate orationis esse videtur quod sit attenta.</p><p title="II-II q. 83 a. 13 s. c."><a name="42571"><span class="ref">[42571] IIª-IIae q. 83 a. 13 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1558 est quod etiam sancti viri quandoque orantes evagationem mentis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1559 patiuntur, secundum illud Psalm., <i>cor meum dereliquit
53
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parents: 28
diff changeset
1560 me</i>.</p><p title="II-II q. 83 a. 13 co."><a name="42572"><span class="ref">[42572] IIª-IIae q. 83 a. 13 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1561 dicendum quod quaestio haec praecipue locum habet in oratione
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1562 vocali. Circa quam sciendum est quod necessarium dicitur aliquid
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1563 dupliciter. Uno modo, per quod melius pervenitur ad finem. Et sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1564 attentio absolute orationi necessaria est. Alio modo dicitur
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1565 aliquid necessarium sine quo res non potest consequi suum effectum.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1566 Est autem triplex effectus orationis. Primus quidem communis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1567 omnibus actibus caritate informatis, quod est mereri. Et ad hunc
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1568 effectum non ex necessitate requiritur quod attentio adsit orationi
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1569 per totum, sed vis primae intentionis qua aliquis ad orandum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1570 accedit, reddit totam orationem meritoriam, sicut in aliis
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1571 meritoriis actibus accidit. Secundus autem effectus orationis est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1572 ei proprius, quod est impetrare. Et ad hunc etiam effectum sufficit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1573 prima intentio, quam Deus principaliter attendit. Si autem prima
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1574 intentio desit, oratio nec meritoria est nec impetrativa, <i>illam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1575 enim orationem Deus non audit cui ille qui orat non intendit</i>,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1576 ut Gregorius dicit. Tertius autem effectus orationis est quem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1577 praesentialiter efficit, scilicet quaedam spiritualis refectio
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1578 mentis. Et ad hoc de necessitate requiritur in oratione attentio.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1579 Unde dicitur I Cor. XIV, <i>si orem lingua, mens mea sine fructu
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1580 est</i>. Sciendum tamen quod est triplex attentio quae orationi
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1581 vocali potest adhiberi. Una quidem qua attenditur ad verba, ne quis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1582 in eis erret. Secunda qua attenditur ad sensum verborum. Tertia qua
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1583 attenditur ad finem orationis, scilicet ad Deum et ad rem pro qua
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1584 oratur, quae quidem est maxime necessaria. Et hanc etiam possunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1585 habere idiotae. Et quandoque intantum abundat haec intentio, qua
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1586 mens fertur in Deum, ut etiam omnium aliorum mens obliviscatur,
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
1587 sicut dicit Hugo de sancto Victore.</p><p title="II-II q. 83 a. 13 ad 1"><a name="42573"><span class="ref">[42573] IIª-IIae q. 83 a. 13 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1588 ergo dicendum quod in spiritu et veritate orat qui ex instinctu
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1589 spiritus ad orandum accedit, etiam si ex aliqua infirmitate mens
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
1590 postmodum evagetur.</p><p title="II-II q. 83 a. 13 ad 2"><a name="42574"><span class="ref">[42574] IIª-IIae q. 83 a. 13 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1591 dicendum quod mens humana, propter infirmitatem naturae, diu in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1592 alto stare non potest, pondere enim infirmitatis humanae deprimitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1593 anima ad inferiora. Et ideo contingit quod quando mens orantis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1594 ascendit in Deum per contemplationem, subito evagetur ex quadam
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
1595 infirmitate.</p><p title="II-II q. 83 a. 13 ad 3"><a name="42575"><span class="ref">[42575] IIª-IIae q. 83 a. 13 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1596 dicendum quod si quis ex proposito in oratione mente evagetur, hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1597 peccatum est, et impedit orationis fructum. Et contra hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1598 Augustinus dicit, in regula, <i>Psalmis et hymnis cum oratis Deum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1599 hoc versetur in corde quod profertur in ore</i>. Evagatio vero
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1600 mentis quae fit praeter propositum, orationis fructum non tollit.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1601 Unde Basilius dicit, <i>si vero, debilitatus a peccato, fixe nequis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1602 orare, quantumcumque potes teipsum cohibeas, et Deus ignoscit, eo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1603 quod non ex negligentia, sed ex fragilitate non potes, ut oportet,
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
1604 assistere coram eo</i>.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 14</h3><p title="II-II q. 83 a. 14 arg. 1"><a name="42576"><span class="ref">[42576] IIª-IIae q. 83 a. 14 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1605 quartumdecimum sic proceditur. Videtur quod oratio non debeat esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1606 diuturna. Dicitur enim Matth. VI, <i>orantes nolite multum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1607 loqui</i>. Sed oportet multum loqui diu orantem, praesertim si
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
1608 oratio sit vocalis. Ergo non debet esse oratio diuturna.</p><p title="II-II q. 83 a. 14 arg. 2"><a name="42577"><span class="ref">[42577] IIª-IIae q. 83 a. 14 arg. 2</span></a>
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1609 Praeterea, oratio est explicativa desiderii. Sed desiderium tanto
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1610 est sanctius quanto magis ad unum restringitur, secundum illud
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1611 Psalm., <i>unam petii a domino, hanc requiram</i>. Ergo et oratio
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
1612 tanto est Deo acceptior quanto est brevior.</p><p title="II-II q. 83 a. 14 arg. 3"><a name="42578"><span class="ref">[42578] IIª-IIae q. 83 a. 14 arg. 3</span></a>
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1613 Praeterea, illicitum videtur esse quod homo transgreditur terminos
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1614 a Deo praefixos, praecipue in his quae pertinent ad cultum divinum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1615 secundum illud Exod. XIX, <i>contestare populum, ne forte velit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1616 transcendere propositos terminos ad videndum dominum, et pereat ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1617 eis plurima multitudo</i>. Sed a Deo praefixus est nobis terminus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1618 orandi per institutionem orationis dominicae, ut patet Matth. VI.
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
1619 Ergo non licet ultra orationem protendere.</p><p title="II-II q. 83 a. 14 s. c."><a name="42579"><span class="ref">[42579] IIª-IIae q. 83 a. 14 s. c.</span></a> Sed
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1620 contra, videtur quod continue sit orandum. Quia dominus dicit, Luc.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1621 XVIII, <i>oportet semper orare, et non deficere</i>. Et I ad Thess.
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
1622 V, <i>sine intermissione orate</i>.</p><p title="II-II q. 83 a. 14 co."><a name="42580"><span class="ref">[42580] IIª-IIae q. 83 a. 14 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1623 dicendum quod de oratione dupliciter loqui possumus, uno modo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1624 secundum seipsam; alio modo, secundum causam suam. Causa autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1625 orationis est desiderium caritatis, ex quo procedere debet oratio.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1626 Quod quidem in nobis debet esse continuum vel actu vel virtute,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1627 manet enim virtus huius desiderii in omnibus quae ex caritate
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1628 facimus; omnia autem debemus in gloriam Dei facere, ut dicitur I ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1629 Cor. X. Et secundum hoc oratio debet esse continua. Unde Augustinus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1630 dicit, ad Probam, <i>in ipsa fide, spe et caritate continuato
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1631 desiderio semper oramus</i>. Sed ipsa oratio secundum se
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1632 considerata non potest esse assidua, quia oportet aliis operibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1633 occupari. Sed, sicut Augustinus ibidem dicit, <i>ideo per certa
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1634 intervalla horarum et temporum etiam verbis rogamus Deum, ut illis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1635 rerum signis nosipsos admoneamus; quantumque in hoc desiderio
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1636 profecerimus, nobis ipsis innotescamus; et ad hoc agendum nosipsos
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1637 acrius excitemus</i>. Uniuscuiusque autem rei quantitas debet esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1638 proportionata fini, sicut quantitas potionis sanitati. Unde et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1639 conveniens est ut oratio tantum duret quantum est utile ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1640 excitandum interioris desiderii fervorem. Cum vero hanc mensuram
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1641 excedit, ita quod sine taedio durare non possit, non est ulterius
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1642 oratio protendenda. Unde Augustinus dicit, ad Probam, <i>dicuntur
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1643 fratres in Aegypto crebras quidem habere orationes, sed eas tamen
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1644 brevissimas, et raptim quodammodo iaculatas, ne illa vigilanter
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1645 erecta, quae oranti plurimum necessaria est, per productiores moras
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1646 evanescat atque hebetetur intentio. Ac per hoc etiam ipsi satis
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1647 ostendunt hanc intentionem, sicut non esse obtundendam si perdurare
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1648 non potest, ita, si perduraverit, non cito esse rumpendam</i>. Et
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1649 sicut hoc est attendendum in oratione singulari per comparationem
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1650 ad intentionem orantis, ita etiam in oratione communi per
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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diff changeset
1651 comparationem ad populi devotionem.</p><p title="II-II q. 83 a. 14 ad 1"><a name="42581"><span class="ref">[42581] IIª-IIae q. 83 a. 14 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1652 ergo dicendum quod, sicut Augustinus dicit, ad Probam, <i>non est
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1653 hoc orare in multiloquio, si diutius oretur. Aliud est sermo
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1654 multus; aliud diuturnus affectus. Nam et de ipso domino scriptum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1655 est quod pernoctaverit in orando, et quod prolixius oraverit, ut
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1656 nobis praeberet exemplum</i>. Et postea subdit, <i>absit ab
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1657 oratione multa locutio, sed non desit multa precatio, si fervens
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1658 perseverat intentio. Nam multum loqui est in orando rem necessariam
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1659 superfluis agere verbis. Plerumque autem hoc negotium plus
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
1660 gemitibus quam sermonibus agitur</i>.</p><p title="II-II q. 83 a. 14 ad 2"><a name="42582"><span class="ref">[42582] IIª-IIae q. 83 a. 14 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1661 dicendum quod prolixitas orationis non consistit in hoc quod multa
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1662 petantur, sed in hoc quod affectus continuetur ad unum
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
1663 desiderandum.</p><p title="II-II q. 83 a. 14 ad 3"><a name="42583"><span class="ref">[42583] IIª-IIae q. 83 a. 14 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1664 dicendum quod dominus non instituit hanc orationem ut his solis
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1665 verbis uti debeamus in orando, sed quia ad haec sola impetranda
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1666 debet tendere nostrae orationis intentio, qualitercumque ea
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
1667 proferamus vel cogitemus.</p><p title="II-II q. 83 a. 14 ad 4"><a name="42584"><span class="ref">[42584] IIª-IIae q. 83 a. 14 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1668 dicendum quod aliquis continue orat, vel propter continuitatem
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1669 desiderii, ut dictum est. Vel quia non intermittit quin temporibus
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1670 statutis oret. Vel propter effectum, sive in ipso orante, qui etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1671 post orationem remanet magis devotus; sive etiam in alio, puta cum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1672 aliquis suis beneficiis provocat alium ut pro se oret, etiam quando
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
1673 ipse ab orando quiescit.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 15</h3><p title="II-II q. 83 a. 15 arg. 1"><a name="42585"><span class="ref">[42585] IIª-IIae q. 83 a. 15 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1674 quintumdecimum sic proceditur. Videtur quod oratio non sit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1675 meritoria. Omne enim meritum procedit a gratia. Sed oratio
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1676 praecedit gratiam, quia etiam ipsa gratia per orationem impetratur,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1677 secundum illud Luc. XI, <i>pater vester de caelo dabit spiritum
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
1678 bonum petentibus se</i>. Ergo oratio non est actus meritorius.</p><p title="II-II q. 83 a. 15 arg. 2"><a name="42586"><span class="ref">[42586] IIª-IIae q. 83 a. 15 arg. 2</span></a>
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1679 Praeterea, si oratio aliquid meretur, maxime videtur mereri illud
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1680 quod orando petitur. Sed hoc non semper meretur, quia multoties
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1681 etiam sanctorum orationes non exaudiuntur; sicut Paulus non est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1682 exauditus petens removeri a se stimulum carnis. Ergo oratio non est
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
1683 actus meritorius.</p><p title="II-II q. 83 a. 15 arg. 3"><a name="42587"><span class="ref">[42587] IIª-IIae q. 83 a. 15 arg. 3</span></a>
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1684 Praeterea, oratio praecipue fidei innititur, secundum illud Iac. I,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1685 <i>postulet autem in fide, nihil haesitans</i>. Fides autem non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1686 sufficit ad merendum, ut patet in his qui habent fidem informem.
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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diff changeset
1687 Ergo oratio non est actus meritorius.</p><p title="II-II q. 83 a. 15 s. c."><a name="42588"><span class="ref">[42588] IIª-IIae q. 83 a. 15 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1688 est quod super illud Psalm., <i>oratio mea in sinu meo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1689 convertetur</i>, dicit Glossa, <i>etsi eis non profuit, ego tamen
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1690 non sum frustratus mea mercede</i>. Merces autem non debetur nisi
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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diff changeset
1691 merito. Ergo oratio habet rationem meriti.</p><p title="II-II q. 83 a. 15 co."><a name="42589"><span class="ref">[42589] IIª-IIae q. 83 a. 15 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1692 dicendum quod, sicut dictum est, oratio, praeter effectum
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1693 spiritualis consolationis quam praesentialiter affert, duplicem
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1694 habet virtutem respectu futuri effectus, scilicet virtutem merendi,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1695 et virtutem impetrandi. Oratio autem, sicut et quilibet alius actus
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1696 virtutis, habet efficaciam merendi inquantum procedit ex radice
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1697 caritatis, cuius proprium obiectum est bonum aeternum, cuius
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1698 fruitionem meremur. Procedit tamen oratio a caritate mediante
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1699 religione, cuius est actus oratio ut dictum est; concomitantibus
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1700 etiam quibusdam aliis virtutibus quae ad bonitatem orationis
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1701 requiruntur, scilicet humilitate et fide. Ad religionem enim
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1702 pertinet ipsam orationem Deo offerre. Ad caritatem vero pertinet
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1703 desiderium rei cuius complementum oratio petit. Fides autem est
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1704 necessaria ex parte Dei, quem oramus, ut scilicet credamus ab eo
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1705 nos posse obtinere quod petimus. Humilitas autem est necessaria ex
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1706 parte ipsius petentis, qui suam indigentiam recognoscit. Est etiam
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1707 et devotio necessaria, sed haec ad religionem pertinet, cuius est
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1708 primus actus, necessarius ad omnes consequentes, ut supra dictum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1709 est. Efficaciam autem impetrandi habet ex gratia Dei, quem oramus,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1710 qui etiam nos ad orandum inducit. Unde Augustinus dicit, in libro
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1711 de Verb. Dom., <i>non nos hortaretur ut peteremus, nisi dare
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1712 vellet</i>. Et Chrysostomus dicit, <i>nunquam oranti beneficia
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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diff changeset
1713 denegat qui ut orantes non deficiant sua pietate instigat</i>.</p><p title="II-II q. 83 a. 15 ad 1"><a name="42590"><span class="ref">[42590] IIª-IIae q. 83 a. 15 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28
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diff changeset
1714 ergo dicendum quod oratio quae est sine gratia gratum faciente
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1715 meritoria non est, sicut nec aliquis alius actus virtuosus. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1716 tamen etiam oratio quae impetrat gratiam gratum facientem procedit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1717 ex aliqua gratia, quasi ex gratuito dono, quia ipsum orare est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1718 quoddam donum Dei, ut Augustinus dicit, in libro de
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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diff changeset
1719 perseverantia.</p><p title="II-II q. 83 a. 15 ad 2"><a name="42591"><span class="ref">[42591] IIª-IIae q. 83 a. 15 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1720 dicendum quod ad aliud principaliter respicit meritum orationis
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1721 quandoque quam ad id quod petitur, meritum enim praecipue ordinatur
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1722 ad beatitudinem; sed petitio orationis directe se extendit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1723 quandoque ad aliqua alia, ut ex dictis patet. Si ergo illud aliud
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1724 quod petit aliquis pro seipso, non sit ei ad beatitudinem utile,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1725 non meretur illud, sed quandoque hoc petendo et desiderando meritum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1726 amittit, puta si petat a Deo complementum alicuius peccati, quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1727 est non pie orare. Quandoque vero non est necessarium ad salutem,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1728 nec manifeste saluti contrarium. Et tunc, licet orans possit orando
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1729 mereri vitam aeternam, non tamen meretur illud obtinere quod petit.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1730 Unde Augustinus dicit, in libro sententiarum prosperi, <i>fideliter
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1731 supplicans Deo pro necessitatibus huius vitae, et misericorditer
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1732 auditur, et misericorditer non auditur. Quid enim infirmo sit utile
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1733 magis novit medicus quam aegrotus</i>. Et propter hoc etiam Paulus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1734 non est exauditus petens amoveri stimulum carnis, quia non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1735 expediebat. Si vero id quod petitur sit utile ad beatitudinem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1736 hominis, quasi pertinens ad eius salutem, meretur illud non solum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1737 orando, sed etiam alia bona opera faciendo. Et ideo indubitanter
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1738 accipit quod petit, sed quando debet accipere, <i>quaedam enim non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1739 negantur, sed ut congruo dentur tempore, differuntur</i>, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1740 Augustinus dicit, super Ioan. Quod tamen potest impediri, si in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1741 petendo non perseveret. Et propter hoc dicit Basilius, <i>ideo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1742 quandoque petis et non accipis, quia perperam postulasti, vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1743 infideliter vel leviter, vel non conferentia tibi, vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1744 destitisti</i>. Quia vero homo non potest alii mereri vitam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1745 aeternam ex condigno, ut supra dictum est; ideo per consequens nec
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1746 ea quae ad vitam aeternam pertinent potest aliquando aliquis ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1747 condigno alteri mereri. Et propter hoc non semper ille auditur qui
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1748 pro alio orat, ut supra habitum est. Et ideo ponuntur quatuor
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1749 conditiones, quibus concurrentibus, semper aliquis impetrat quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1750 petit, ut scilicet pro se petat, necessaria ad salutem, pie et
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
1751 perseveranter.</p><p title="II-II q. 83 a. 15 ad 3"><a name="42592"><span class="ref">[42592] IIª-IIae q. 83 a. 15 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1752 dicendum quod oratio innititur principaliter fidei non quantum ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1753 efficaciam merendi, quia sic innititur principaliter caritati, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1754 quantum ad efficaciam impetrandi. Quia per fidem habet homo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1755 notitiam omnipotentiae divinae et misericordiae, ex quibus oratio
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
1756 impetrat quod petit.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 16</h3><p title="II-II q. 83 a. 16 arg. 1"><a name="42593"><span class="ref">[42593] IIª-IIae q. 83 a. 16 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1757 sextumdecimum sic proceditur. Videtur quod peccatores orando non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1758 impetrent aliquid a Deo. Dicitur enim Ioan. IX, <i>scimus quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1759 peccatores Deus non audit</i>. Quod consonat ei quod dicitur Prov.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1760 XXVIII, <i>qui declinat aures suas ne audiat legem, oratio eius
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1761 erit execrabilis</i>, oratio autem execrabilis non impetrat aliquid
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
1762 a Deo. Ergo peccatores non impetrant aliquid a Deo.</p><p title="II-II q. 83 a. 16 arg. 2"><a name="42594"><span class="ref">[42594] IIª-IIae q. 83 a. 16 arg. 2</span></a>
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1763 Praeterea, iusti impetrant a Deo illud quod merentur, ut supra
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1764 habitum est. Sed peccatores nihil possunt mereri, quia gratia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1765 carent, et etiam caritate, quae est virtus pietatis, ut dicit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1766 Glossa, II ad Tim. III, super illud, <i>habentes quidem speciem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1767 pietatis, virtutem autem eius abnegantes</i>; et ita non pie orant,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1768 quod requiritur ad hoc quod oratio impetret, ut supra dictum est.
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
1769 Ergo peccatores nihil impetrant orando.</p><p title="II-II q. 83 a. 16 arg. 3"><a name="42595"><span class="ref">[42595] IIª-IIae q. 83 a. 16 arg. 3</span></a>
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1770 Praeterea, Chrysostomus dicit, super Matth., <i>pater non libenter
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1771 exaudit orationem quam filius non dictavit</i>. Sed in oratione
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1772 quam Christus dictavit dicitur, <i>dimitte nobis debita nostra,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1773 sicut et nos dimittimus debitoribus nostris</i>, quod peccatores
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1774 non faciunt. Ergo vel mentiuntur hoc dicentes, et sic non sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1775 exauditione digni, vel, si non dicant, non exaudiuntur, quia formam
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
1776 orandi a Christo institutam non servant.</p><p title="II-II q. 83 a. 16 s. c."><a name="42596"><span class="ref">[42596] IIª-IIae q. 83 a. 16 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1777 est quod Augustinus dicit, super Ioan., <i>si peccatores non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1778 exaudiret Deus, frustra publicanus dixisset, domine, propitius esto
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1779 mihi peccatori</i>. Et Chrysostomus dicit, super Matth., <i>omnis
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
1780 qui petit accipit, idest, sive iustus sit sive peccator</i>.</p><p title="II-II q. 83 a. 16 co."><a name="42597"><span class="ref">[42597] IIª-IIae q. 83 a. 16 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1781 dicendum quod in peccatore duo sunt consideranda, scilicet natura,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1782 quam diligit Deus; et culpa, quam odit. Si ergo peccator orando
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1783 aliquid petit inquantum peccator, idest secundum desiderium
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1784 peccati, hoc a Deo non auditur ex misericordia, sed quandoque
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1785 auditur ad vindictam, dum Deus permittit peccatorem adhuc amplius
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1786 ruere in peccata, Deus enim quaedam negat propitius quae concedit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1787 iratus, ut Augustinus dicit. Orationem vero peccatoris ex bono
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1788 naturae desiderio procedentem Deus audit, non quasi ex iustitia,
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diff changeset
1789 quia peccator hoc non meretur, sed ex pura misericordia, observatis
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diff changeset
1790 tamen quatuor praemissis conditionibus, ut scilicet pro se petat,
53
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diff changeset
1791 necessaria ad salutem, pie et perseveranter.</p><p title="II-II q. 83 a. 16 ad 1"><a name="42598"><span class="ref">[42598] IIª-IIae q. 83 a. 16 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28
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diff changeset
1792 ergo dicendum quod, sicut Augustinus dicit, super Ioan., illud
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diff changeset
1793 verbum est caeci adhuc inuncti, idest nondum perfecte illuminati.
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diff changeset
1794 Et ideo non est ratum. Quamvis possit verificari si intelligatur de
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diff changeset
1795 peccatore inquantum est peccator. Per quem etiam modum oratio eius
53
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diff changeset
1796 dicitur execrabilis.</p><p title="II-II q. 83 a. 16 ad 2"><a name="42599"><span class="ref">[42599] IIª-IIae q. 83 a. 16 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
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diff changeset
1797 dicendum quod peccator non potest pie orare quasi eius oratio ex
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diff changeset
1798 habitu virtutis informetur. Potest tamen eius oratio esse pia
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1799 quantum ad hoc quod petit aliquid ad pietatem pertinens, sicut ille
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diff changeset
1800 qui non habet habitum iustitiae, potest aliquid iustum velle, ut ex
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diff changeset
1801 supradictis patet. Et quamvis eius oratio non sit meritoria, potest
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diff changeset
1802 tamen esse impetrativa, quia meritum innititur iustitiae, sed
53
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diff changeset
1803 impetratio gratiae.</p><p title="II-II q. 83 a. 16 ad 3"><a name="42600"><span class="ref">[42600] IIª-IIae q. 83 a. 16 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
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diff changeset
1804 dicendum quod, sicut dictum est, oratio dominica profertur ex
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diff changeset
1805 persona communi totius Ecclesiae. Et ideo si aliquis nolens
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diff changeset
1806 dimittere debita proximo dicat orationem dominicam, non mentitur,
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diff changeset
1807 quamvis hoc quod dicit non sit verum quantum ad suam personam, est
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diff changeset
1808 enim verum quantum ad personam Ecclesiae. Extra quam est merito, et
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diff changeset
1809 ideo fructu orationis caret. Quandoque tamen aliqui peccatores
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diff changeset
1810 parati sunt debitoribus suis remittere. Et ideo ipsi orantes
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diff changeset
1811 exaudiuntur, secundum illud Eccli. XXVIII, <i>relinque proximo tuo
53
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1812 nocenti te, et tunc deprecanti tibi peccata solventur</i>.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 17</h3><p title="II-II q. 83 a. 17 arg. 1"><a name="42601"><span class="ref">[42601] IIª-IIae q. 83 a. 17 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
28
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1813 septimumdecimum sic proceditur. Videtur quod inconvenienter
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diff changeset
1814 dicantur esse orationis partes obsecrationes, orationes,
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diff changeset
1815 postulationes, gratiarum actiones. Obsecratio enim videtur esse
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diff changeset
1816 quaedam adiuratio. Sed, sicut Origenes dicit, super Matth., <i>non
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diff changeset
1817 oportet ut vir qui vult secundum Evangelium vivere, adiuret alium,
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diff changeset
1818 si enim iurare non licet, nec adiurare</i>. Ergo inconvenienter
53
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diff changeset
1819 ponitur obsecratio orationis pars.</p><p title="II-II q. 83 a. 17 arg. 2"><a name="42602"><span class="ref">[42602] IIª-IIae q. 83 a. 17 arg. 2</span></a>
28
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diff changeset
1820 Praeterea, oratio, secundum Damascenum, est petitio decentium a
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diff changeset
1821 Deo. Inconvenienter ergo orationes contra postulationes
53
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diff changeset
1822 dividuntur.</p><p title="II-II q. 83 a. 17 arg. 3"><a name="42603"><span class="ref">[42603] IIª-IIae q. 83 a. 17 arg. 3</span></a>
28
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diff changeset
1823 Praeterea, gratiarum actiones pertinent ad praeterita, alia vero ad
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diff changeset
1824 futura. Sed praeterita sunt priora futuris. Inconvenienter ergo
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1825 gratiarum actiones post alia ponuntur.</p><p title="II-II q. 83 a. 17 s. c."><a name="42604"><span class="ref">[42604] IIª-IIae q. 83 a. 17 s. c.</span></a> In
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diff changeset
1826 contrarium est auctoritas apostoli, I ad Tim. II.</p><p title="II-II q. 83 a. 17 co."><a name="42605"><span class="ref">[42605] IIª-IIae q. 83 a. 17 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
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diff changeset
1827 dicendum quod ad orationem tria requiruntur. Quorum primum est ut
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diff changeset
1828 orans accedat ad Deum, quem orat. Quod significatur nomine
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diff changeset
1829 orationis, quia oratio est ascensus intellectus in Deum. Secundo,
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diff changeset
1830 requiritur petitio, quae significatur nomine postulationis, sive
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diff changeset
1831 petitio proponatur determinate, quod quidem nominant quidam proprie
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diff changeset
1832 postulationem; sive indeterminate, ut cum quis petit iuvari a Deo,
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diff changeset
1833 quod nominant supplicationem; sive solum factum narretur, secundum
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diff changeset
1834 illud Ioan. XI, <i>ecce, quem amas infirmatur</i>, quod vocant
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diff changeset
1835 insinuationem. Tertio, requiritur ratio impetrandi quod petitur. Et
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diff changeset
1836 hoc vel ex parte Dei, vel ex parte petentis. Ratio quidem
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diff changeset
1837 impetrandi ex parte Dei est eius sanctitas, propter quam petimus
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diff changeset
1838 exaudiri, secundum illud Dan. IX, <i>propter temetipsum inclina,
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diff changeset
1839 Deus meus, aurem tuam</i>. Et ad hoc pertinet obsecratio, quae est
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diff changeset
1840 per sacra contestatio, sicut cum dicimus, per nativitatem tuam,
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diff changeset
1841 libera nos, domine. Ratio vero impetrandi ex parte petentis est
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diff changeset
1842 gratiarum actio, quia de acceptis beneficiis gratias agentes,
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diff changeset
1843 meremur accipere potiora, ut in collecta dicitur. Et ideo dicit
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diff changeset
1844 Glossa, I ad Tim. II, quod <i>in Missa obsecrationes sunt quae
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diff changeset
1845 praecedunt consecrationem</i>, in quibus quaedam sacra
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diff changeset
1846 commemorantur; orationes sunt in ipsa consecratione, in qua mens
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diff changeset
1847 maxime debet elevari in Deum; postulationes autem <i>sunt in
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1848 sequentibus petitionibus; gratiarum actiones in fine</i>. In
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diff changeset
1849 pluribus etiam Ecclesiae collectis haec quatuor possunt attendi.
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diff changeset
1850 Sicut in collecta Trinitatis, quod dicitur, omnipotens, sempiterne
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diff changeset
1851 Deus, pertinet ad orationis ascensum in Deum; quod dicitur, qui
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diff changeset
1852 dedisti famulis tuis etc., pertinet ad gratiarum actionem; quod
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diff changeset
1853 dicitur, praesta, quaesumus etc., pertinet ad postulationem; quod
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diff changeset
1854 in fine ponitur, per dominum nostrum etc., pertinet ad
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diff changeset
1855 obsecrationem. In collationibus autem patrum dicitur quod
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diff changeset
1856 <i>obsecratio est imploratio pro peccatis; oratio, cum aliquid Deo
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diff changeset
1857 vovemus; postulatio, cum pro aliis petimus</i>. Sed primum melius
53
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1858 est.</p><p title="II-II q. 83 a. 17 ad 1"><a name="42606"><span class="ref">[42606] IIª-IIae q. 83 a. 17 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28
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diff changeset
1859 ergo dicendum quod obsecratio non est adiuratio ad compellendum,
53
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diff changeset
1860 quae prohibetur, sed ad misericordiam implorandum.</p><p title="II-II q. 83 a. 17 ad 2"><a name="42607"><span class="ref">[42607] IIª-IIae q. 83 a. 17 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
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diff changeset
1861 dicendum quod oratio communiter sumpta includit omnia quae hic
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diff changeset
1862 dicuntur. Sed secundum quod contra alia dividitur, importat proprie
53
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diff changeset
1863 ascensum in Deum.</p><p title="II-II q. 83 a. 17 ad 3"><a name="42608"><span class="ref">[42608] IIª-IIae q. 83 a. 17 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
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diff changeset
1864 dicendum quod in diversis praeterita praecedunt futura, sed aliquid
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diff changeset
1865 unum et idem prius est futurum quam sit praeteritum. Et ideo
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diff changeset
1866 gratiarum actio de aliis beneficiis praecedit postulationem aliorum
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diff changeset
1867 beneficiorum, sed idem beneficium prius postulatur, et ultimo, cum
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diff changeset
1868 acceptum fuerit, de eo gratiae aguntur. Postulationem autem
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diff changeset
1869 praecedit oratio, per quam acceditur ad eum a quo petimus.
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diff changeset
1870 Orationem autem praecedit obsecratio, quia ex consideratione
53
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1871 divinae bonitatis ad eum audemus accedere.</p></div></div><div class="q" id="q84"><h2>Quaestio 84</h2><div class="p"><h3>Prooemium</h3><p title="II-II q. 84 pr."><a name="42609"><span class="ref">[42609] IIª-IIae q. 84 pr.</span></a> Deinde
28
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1872 considerandum est de exterioribus actibus latriae. Et primo, de
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diff changeset
1873 adoratione, per quam aliquis suum corpus ad Deum venerandum
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diff changeset
1874 exhibet; secundo, de illis actibus quibus aliquid de rebus
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diff changeset
1875 exterioribus Deo offertur; tertio, de actibus quibus ea quae Dei
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diff changeset
1876 sunt assumuntur. Circa primum quaeruntur tria. Primo, utrum
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diff changeset
1877 adoratio sit actus latriae. Secundo, utrum adoratio importet actum
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1878 interiorem, vel exteriorem. Tertio, utrum adoratio requirat
53
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1879 determinationem loci.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 1</h3><p title="II-II q. 84 a. 1 arg. 1"><a name="42610"><span class="ref">[42610] IIª-IIae q. 84 a. 1 arg. 1</span></a> Ad primum
28
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diff changeset
1880 sic proceditur. Videtur quod adoratio non sit actus latriae sive
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diff changeset
1881 religionis. Cultus enim religionis soli Deo debetur. Sed adoratio
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diff changeset
1882 non debetur soli Deo, legitur enim Gen. XVIII quod Abraham adoravit
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diff changeset
1883 Angelos; et III Reg. I dicitur quod Nathan propheta, ingressus ad
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diff changeset
1884 regem David, adoravit eum pronus in terram. Ergo adoratio non est
53
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diff changeset
1885 actus religionis.</p><p title="II-II q. 84 a. 1 arg. 2"><a name="42611"><span class="ref">[42611] IIª-IIae q. 84 a. 1 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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diff changeset
1886 religionis cultus debetur Deo prout in ipso beatificamur, ut patet
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diff changeset
1887 per Augustinum, in X de Civ. Dei. Sed adoratio debetur ei ratione
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diff changeset
1888 maiestatis, quia super illud Psalm., <i>adorate dominum in atrio
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diff changeset
1889 sancto eius</i>, dicit Glossa, <i>de his atriis venitur in atrium
53
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diff changeset
1890 ubi maiestas adoratur</i>. Ergo adoratio non est actus latriae.</p><p title="II-II q. 84 a. 1 arg. 3"><a name="42612"><span class="ref">[42612] IIª-IIae q. 84 a. 1 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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diff changeset
1891 unius religionis cultus tribus personis debetur. Non autem una
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diff changeset
1892 adoratione adoramus tres personas, sed ad invocationem trium
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diff changeset
1893 personarum singulariter genu flectimus. Ergo adoratio non est actus
53
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diff changeset
1894 latriae.</p><p title="II-II q. 84 a. 1 s. c."><a name="42613"><span class="ref">[42613] IIª-IIae q. 84 a. 1 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28
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diff changeset
1895 est quod Matth. IV inducitur, <i>dominum Deum tuum adorabis, et
53
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diff changeset
1896 illi soli servies</i>.</p><p title="II-II q. 84 a. 1 co."><a name="42614"><span class="ref">[42614] IIª-IIae q. 84 a. 1 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
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diff changeset
1897 dicendum quod adoratio ordinatur in reverentiam eius qui adoratur.
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diff changeset
1898 Manifestum est autem ex dictis quod religionis proprium est
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diff changeset
1899 reverentiam Deo exhibere. Unde adoratio qua Deus adoratur est
53
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diff changeset
1900 religionis actus.</p><p title="II-II q. 84 a. 1 ad 1"><a name="42615"><span class="ref">[42615] IIª-IIae q. 84 a. 1 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28
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diff changeset
1901 ergo dicendum quod Deo debetur reverentia propter eius
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diff changeset
1902 excellentiam, quae aliquibus creaturis communicatur non secundum
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diff changeset
1903 aequalitatem, sed secundum quandam participationem. Et ideo alia
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diff changeset
1904 veneratione veneramur Deum, quod pertinet ad latriam, et alia
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diff changeset
1905 veneratione quasdam excellentes creaturas, quod pertinet ad duliam,
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diff changeset
1906 de qua post dicetur. Et quia ea quae exterius aguntur signa sunt
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diff changeset
1907 interioris reverentiae, quaedam exteriora ad reverentiam
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diff changeset
1908 pertinentia exhibentur excellentibus creaturis, inter quae maximum
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diff changeset
1909 est adoratio, sed aliquid est quod soli Deo exhibetur, scilicet
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diff changeset
1910 sacrificium. Unde Augustinus dicit, in X de Civ. Dei, <i>multa de
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diff changeset
1911 cultu divino usurpata sunt quae honoribus deferrentur humanis, sive
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diff changeset
1912 humilitate nimia sive adulatione pestifera, ita tamen ut quibus ea
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diff changeset
1913 deferrentur, homines haberentur, qui dicuntur colendi et venerandi;
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diff changeset
1914 si autem multum eis additur, et adorandi. Quis vero sacrificandum
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diff changeset
1915 censuit nisi ei quem Deum aut scivit, aut putavit, aut finxit?</i>
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diff changeset
1916 Secundum reverentiam igitur quae creaturae excellenti debetur,
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diff changeset
1917 Nathan adoravit David. Secundum autem reverentiam quae Deo debetur,
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diff changeset
1918 Mardochaeus noluit adorare Aman, <i>timens ne honorem Dei
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diff changeset
1919 transferret ad hominem</i>, ut dicitur Esther XIII. Et similiter
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diff changeset
1920 secundum reverentiam debitam creaturae excellenti, Abraham adoravit
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diff changeset
1921 Angelos; et etiam Iosue, ut legitur Iosue V. Quamvis possit
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diff changeset
1922 intelligi quod adoraverint adoratione latriae Deum, qui in persona
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diff changeset
1923 Angeli apparebat et loquebatur. Secundum autem reverentiam quae
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diff changeset
1924 debetur Deo, prohibitus est Ioannes Angelum adorare, Apoc. ult. Tum
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diff changeset
1925 ad ostendendum dignitatem hominis, quam adeptus est per Christum,
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diff changeset
1926 ut Angelis aequetur, unde ibi subditur, conservus tuus sum et
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diff changeset
1927 fratrum tuorum. Tum etiam ad excludendum idololatriae occasionem,
53
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1928 unde subditur, Deum adora.</p><p title="II-II q. 84 a. 1 ad 2"><a name="42616"><span class="ref">[42616] IIª-IIae q. 84 a. 1 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
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diff changeset
1929 dicendum quod sub maiestate divina intelligitur omnis Dei
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diff changeset
1930 excellentia, ad quam pertinet quod in ipso, sicut in summo bono,
53
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diff changeset
1931 beatificamur.</p><p title="II-II q. 84 a. 1 ad 3"><a name="42617"><span class="ref">[42617] IIª-IIae q. 84 a. 1 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
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diff changeset
1932 dicendum quod quia una est excellentia trium personarum, unus honor
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diff changeset
1933 et reverentia eis debetur, et per consequens una adoratio. In cuius
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1934 figuram, cum legatur de Abraham, Gen. XVIII, quod tres viri ei
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1935 apparuerunt, adorans unum alloquitur. Dicens, domine, si inveni
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1936 gratiam et cetera. Trina autem genuflexio signum est ternarii
53
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1937 personarum, non autem diversitatis adorationum.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 2</h3><p title="II-II q. 84 a. 2 arg. 1"><a name="42618"><span class="ref">[42618] IIª-IIae q. 84 a. 2 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
28
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1938 secundum sic proceditur. Videtur quod adoratio non importet actum
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diff changeset
1939 corporalem. Dicitur enim Ioan. IV, <i>veri adoratores adorabunt
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diff changeset
1940 patrem in spiritu et veritate</i>. Sed id quod fit in spiritu non
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1941 pertinet ad corporalem actum. Ergo adoratio non importat corporalem
53
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1942 actum.</p><p title="II-II q. 84 a. 2 arg. 2"><a name="42619"><span class="ref">[42619] IIª-IIae q. 84 a. 2 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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1943 nomen adorationis ab oratione sumitur. Sed oratio principaliter
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1944 consistit in interiori actu, secundum illud I ad Cor. XIV, <i>orabo
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diff changeset
1945 spiritu, orabo et mente</i>. Ergo adoratio maxime importat
53
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diff changeset
1946 spiritualem actum.</p><p title="II-II q. 84 a. 2 arg. 3"><a name="42620"><span class="ref">[42620] IIª-IIae q. 84 a. 2 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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diff changeset
1947 corporales actus ad sensibilem cognitionem pertinent. Deum autem
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1948 non attingimus sensu corporis, sed mentis. Ergo adoratio non
53
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1949 importat corporalem actum.</p><p title="II-II q. 84 a. 2 s. c."><a name="42621"><span class="ref">[42621] IIª-IIae q. 84 a. 2 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28
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1950 est quod super illud Exod. XX, non adorabis ea, neque coles, dicit
53
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1951 Glossa, nec affectu colas, nec specie adores.</p><p title="II-II q. 84 a. 2 co."><a name="42622"><span class="ref">[42622] IIª-IIae q. 84 a. 2 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
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diff changeset
1952 dicendum quod, sicut Damascenus dicit, in IV libro, <i>quia ex
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diff changeset
1953 duplici natura compositi sumus, intellectuali scilicet et
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diff changeset
1954 sensibili, duplicem adorationem Deo offerimus</i>, scilicet
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diff changeset
1955 spiritualem, quae consistit in interiori mentis devotione; et
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diff changeset
1956 corporalem, quae consistit in exteriori corporis humiliatione. Et
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diff changeset
1957 quia in omnibus actibus latriae id quod est exterius refertur ad id
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diff changeset
1958 quod est interius sicut ad principalius, ideo ipsa exterior
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diff changeset
1959 adoratio fit propter interiorem, ut videlicet per signa humilitatis
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diff changeset
1960 quae corporaliter exhibemus, excitetur noster affectus ad
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diff changeset
1961 subiiciendum se Deo; quia connaturale est nobis ut per sensibilia
53
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1962 ad intelligibilia procedamus.</p><p title="II-II q. 84 a. 2 ad 1"><a name="42623"><span class="ref">[42623] IIª-IIae q. 84 a. 2 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28
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diff changeset
1963 ergo dicendum quod etiam adoratio corporalis in spiritu fit,
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diff changeset
1964 inquantum ex spirituali devotione procedit, et ad eam
53
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1965 ordinatur.</p><p title="II-II q. 84 a. 2 ad 2"><a name="42624"><span class="ref">[42624] IIª-IIae q. 84 a. 2 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
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diff changeset
1966 dicendum quod sicut oratio primordialiter quidem est in mente,
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diff changeset
1967 secundario autem verbis exprimitur, ut supra dictum est; ita etiam
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diff changeset
1968 adoratio principaliter quidem in interiori Dei reverentia
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diff changeset
1969 consistit, secundario autem in quibusdam corporalibus humilitatis
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diff changeset
1970 signis, sicut genu flectimus nostram infirmitatem significantes in
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diff changeset
1971 comparatione ad Deum; prosternimus autem nos quasi profitentes nos
53
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1972 nihil esse ex nobis.</p><p title="II-II q. 84 a. 2 ad 3"><a name="42625"><span class="ref">[42625] IIª-IIae q. 84 a. 2 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
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diff changeset
1973 dicendum quod etsi per sensum Deum attingere non possumus, per
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diff changeset
1974 sensibilia tamen signa mens nostra provocatur ut tendat in
53
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1975 Deum.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 3</h3><p title="II-II q. 84 a. 3 arg. 1"><a name="42626"><span class="ref">[42626] IIª-IIae q. 84 a. 3 arg. 1</span></a> Ad tertium
28
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diff changeset
1976 sic proceditur. Videtur quod adoratio non requirat determinatum
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diff changeset
1977 locum. Dicitur enim Ioan. IV, <i>venit hora quando neque in monte
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diff changeset
1978 hoc, neque in Ierosolymis adorabitis patrem</i>. Eadem autem ratio
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diff changeset
1979 videtur esse et de aliis locis. Ergo determinatus locus non
53
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diff changeset
1980 requiritur ad adorandum.</p><p title="II-II q. 84 a. 3 arg. 2"><a name="42627"><span class="ref">[42627] IIª-IIae q. 84 a. 3 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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diff changeset
1981 adoratio exterior ordinatur ad interiorem. Sed interior adoratio
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diff changeset
1982 fit ad Deum ut ubique existentem. Ergo exterior adoratio non
53
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diff changeset
1983 requirit determinatum locum.</p><p title="II-II q. 84 a. 3 arg. 3"><a name="42628"><span class="ref">[42628] IIª-IIae q. 84 a. 3 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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diff changeset
1984 idem Deus est qui in novo et veteri testamento adoratur. Sed in
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diff changeset
1985 veteri testamento fiebat adoratio ad occidentem, nam ostium
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1986 tabernaculi respiciebat ad orientem, ut habetur Exod. XXVI. Ergo,
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diff changeset
1987 eadem ratione, etiam nunc debemus adorare ad occidentem, si aliquis
53
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diff changeset
1988 locus determinatus requiritur ad adorandum.</p><p title="II-II q. 84 a. 3 s. c."><a name="42629"><span class="ref">[42629] IIª-IIae q. 84 a. 3 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28
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diff changeset
1989 est quod dicitur Isaiae LVI, et inducitur Ioan. II, <i>domus mea
53
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diff changeset
1990 domus orationis vocabitur</i>.</p><p title="II-II q. 84 a. 3 co."><a name="42630"><span class="ref">[42630] IIª-IIae q. 84 a. 3 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
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diff changeset
1991 dicendum quod, sicut dictum est, in adoratione principalior est
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diff changeset
1992 interior devotio mentis, secundarium autem est quod pertinet
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1993 exterius ad corporalia signa. Mens autem interius apprehendit Deum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1994 quasi non comprehensum aliquo loco, sed corporalia signa necesse
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1995 est quod in determinato loco et situ sint. Et ideo determinatio
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1996 loci non requiritur ad adorationem principaliter, quasi sit de
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1997 necessitate ipsius, sed secundum quandam decentiam, sicut et alia
53
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diff changeset
1998 corporalia signa.</p><p title="II-II q. 84 a. 3 ad 1"><a name="42631"><span class="ref">[42631] IIª-IIae q. 84 a. 3 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28
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diff changeset
1999 ergo dicendum quod dominus per illa verba praenuntiat cessationem
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diff changeset
2000 adorationis tam secundum ritum Iudaeorum adorantium in Ierusalem,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2001 quam etiam secundum ritum Samaritanorum adorantium in monte
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diff changeset
2002 Garizim. Uterque enim ritus cessavit veniente spirituali Evangelii
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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diff changeset
2003 veritate, secundum quam in omni loco Deo sacrificatur, ut dicitur
53
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diff changeset
2004 Malach. I.</p><p title="II-II q. 84 a. 3 ad 2"><a name="42632"><span class="ref">[42632] IIª-IIae q. 84 a. 3 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
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diff changeset
2005 dicendum quod determinatus locus eligitur ad adorandum, non propter
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2006 Deum, qui adoratur, quasi loco concludatur, sed propter ipsos
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2007 adorantes. Et hoc triplici ratione. Primo quidem, propter loci
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2008 consecrationem, ex qua spiritualem devotionem concipiunt orantes,
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diff changeset
2009 ut magis exaudiantur, sicut patet ex adoratione Salomonis, III Reg.
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diff changeset
2010 VIII. Secundo, propter sacra mysteria et alia sanctitatis signa
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2011 quae ibi continentur. Tertio, propter concursum multorum
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diff changeset
2012 adorantium, ex quo fit oratio magis exaudibilis, secundum illud
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diff changeset
2013 Matth. XVIII, <i>ubi sunt duo vel tres congregati in nomine meo,
53
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diff changeset
2014 ibi sum ego in medio eorum</i>.</p><p title="II-II q. 84 a. 3 ad 3"><a name="42633"><span class="ref">[42633] IIª-IIae q. 84 a. 3 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
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diff changeset
2015 dicendum quod secundum quandam decentiam adoramus versus orientem.
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2016 Primo quidem, propter divinae maiestatis indicium quod nobis
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2017 manifestatur in motu caeli, qui est ab oriente secundo, propter
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2018 Paradisum in oriente constitutum, ut legitur Gen. II, secundum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2019 litteram Septuaginta, quasi quaeramus ad Paradisum redire. Tertio,
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diff changeset
2020 propter Christum, qui est lux mundi et oriens nominatur, Zach. VI;
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2021 et qui ascendit super caelum caeli ad orientem; et ab oriente etiam
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2022 expectatur venturus, secundum illud Matth. XXIV, <i>sicut fulgur
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diff changeset
2023 exit ab oriente et paret usque ad occidentem, ita erit adventus
53
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diff changeset
2024 filii hominis</i>.</p></div></div><div class="q" id="q85"><h2>Quaestio 85</h2><div class="p"><h3>Prooemium</h3><p title="II-II q. 85 pr."><a name="42634"><span class="ref">[42634] IIª-IIae q. 85 pr.</span></a> Deinde
28
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diff changeset
2025 considerandum est de actibus quibus aliquae res exteriores Deo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2026 offeruntur. Circa quos occurrit duplex consideratio, primo quidem,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2027 de his quae Deo a fidelibus dantur; secundo, de votis, quibus ei
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2028 aliqua promittuntur. Circa primum, considerandum est de
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2029 sacrificiis, oblationibus, primitiis et decimis. Circa sacrificia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2030 quaeruntur quatuor. Primo, utrum offerre Deo sacrificium sit de
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2031 lege naturae. Secundo, utrum soli Deo sit sacrificium offerendum.
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diff changeset
2032 Tertio, utrum offerre sacrificium sit specialis actus virtutis.
53
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diff changeset
2033 Quarto, utrum omnes teneantur ad sacrificium offerendum.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 1</h3><p title="II-II q. 85 a. 1 arg. 1"><a name="42635"><span class="ref">[42635] IIª-IIae q. 85 a. 1 arg. 1</span></a> Ad primum
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2034 sic proceditur. Videtur quod offerre sacrificium Deo non sit de
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2035 lege naturae. Ea enim quae sunt iuris naturalis communia sunt apud
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2036 omnes. Non autem hoc contingit circa sacrificia, nam quidam
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2037 leguntur obtulisse in sacrificium panem et vinum, sicut de
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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diff changeset
2038 Melchisedech dicitur, Gen. XIV; et quidam haec, quidam illa
53
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parents: 28
diff changeset
2039 animalia. Ergo oblatio sacrificiorum non est de iure naturali.</p><p title="II-II q. 85 a. 1 arg. 2"><a name="42636"><span class="ref">[42636] IIª-IIae q. 85 a. 1 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2040 ea quae sunt iuris naturalis omnes iusti servaverunt. Sed non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2041 legitur de Isaac quod sacrificium obtulerit, neque etiam de Adam,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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diff changeset
2042 de quo tamen dicitur, Sap. X, quod sapientia eduxit eum a delicto
53
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diff changeset
2043 suo. Ergo oblatio sacrificii non est de iure naturali.</p><p title="II-II q. 85 a. 1 arg. 3"><a name="42637"><span class="ref">[42637] IIª-IIae q. 85 a. 1 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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diff changeset
2044 Augustinus dicit, X de Civ. Dei, quod sacrificia in quadam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2045 significantia offeruntur. Voces autem, quae sunt praecipua inter
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2046 signa, sicut idem dicit, in libro de Doct. Christ., non significant
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2047 naturaliter, sed ad placitum, secundum philosophum. Ergo sacrificia
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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diff changeset
2048 non sunt de lege naturali.</p><p title="II-II q. 85 a. 1 s. c."><a name="42638"><span class="ref">[42638] IIª-IIae q. 85 a. 1 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2049 est quod in qualibet aetate, et apud quaslibet hominum nationes,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2050 semper fuit aliqua sacrificiorum oblatio. Quod autem est apud
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2051 omnes, videtur naturale esse. Ergo et oblatio sacrificii est de
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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diff changeset
2052 iure naturali.</p><p title="II-II q. 85 a. 1 co."><a name="42639"><span class="ref">[42639] IIª-IIae q. 85 a. 1 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
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diff changeset
2053 dicendum quod naturalis ratio dictat homini quod alicui superiori
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2054 subdatur, propter defectus quos in seipso sentit, in quibus ab
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2055 aliquo superiori eget adiuvari et dirigi. Et quidquid illud sit,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2056 hoc est quod apud omnes dicitur Deus. Sicut autem in rebus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2057 naturalibus naturaliter inferiora superioribus subduntur, ita etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2058 naturalis ratio dictat homini secundum naturalem inclinationem ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2059 ei quod est supra hominem subiectionem et honorem exhibeat secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2060 suum modum. Est autem modus conveniens homini ut sensibilibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2061 signis utatur ad aliqua exprimenda, quia ex sensibilibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2062 cognitionem accipit. Et ideo ex naturali ratione procedit quod homo
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2063 quibusdam sensibilibus rebus utatur offerens eas Deo, in signum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2064 debitae subiectionis et honoris, secundum similitudinem eorum qui
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2065 dominis suis aliqua offerunt in recognitionem dominii. Hoc autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2066 pertinet ad rationem sacrificii. Et ideo oblatio sacrificii
53
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diff changeset
2067 pertinet ad ius naturale.</p><p title="II-II q. 85 a. 1 ad 1"><a name="42640"><span class="ref">[42640] IIª-IIae q. 85 a. 1 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2068 ergo dicendum quod, sicut supra dictum est, aliqua in communi sunt
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2069 de iure naturali quorum determinationes sunt de iure positivo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2070 sicut quod malefactores puniantur habet lex naturalis, sed quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2071 tali poena vel tali puniantur est ex institutione divina vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2072 humana. Similiter etiam oblatio sacrificii in communi est de lege
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2073 naturae, et ideo in hoc omnes conveniunt. Sed determinatio
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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diff changeset
2074 sacrificiorum est ex institutione humana vel divina, et ideo in hoc
53
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diff changeset
2075 differunt.</p><p title="II-II q. 85 a. 1 ad 2"><a name="42641"><span class="ref">[42641] IIª-IIae q. 85 a. 1 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2076 dicendum quod Adam et Isaac, sicut et alii iusti, Deo sacrificium
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2077 obtulerunt secundum sui temporis congruentiam, ut patet per
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2078 Gregorium, qui dicit quod apud antiquos per sacrificiorum
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2079 oblationes remittebatur pueris originale peccatum. Non tamen de
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2080 omnibus iustorum sacrificiis fit mentio in Scriptura, sed solum de
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2081 illis circa quae aliquid speciale accidit. Potest tamen esse ratio
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2082 quare Adam non legitur sacrificium obtulisse, ne, quia in ipso
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2083 notatur origo peccati, simul etiam in eo sanctificationis origo
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2084 significaretur. Isaac vero significavit Christum inquantum ipse
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2085 oblatus est in sacrificium. Unde non oportebat ut significaret
53
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diff changeset
2086 quasi sacrificium offerens.</p><p title="II-II q. 85 a. 1 ad 3"><a name="42642"><span class="ref">[42642] IIª-IIae q. 85 a. 1 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2087 dicendum quod significare conceptus suos est homini naturale, sed
53
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diff changeset
2088 determinatio signorum est secundum humanum placitum.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 2</h3><p title="II-II q. 85 a. 2 arg. 1"><a name="42643"><span class="ref">[42643] IIª-IIae q. 85 a. 2 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2089 secundum sic proceditur. Videtur quod non soli summo Deo sit
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2090 sacrificium offerendum. Cum enim sacrificium Deo offerri debeat,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2091 videtur quod omnibus illis sit sacrificium offerendum qui
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2092 divinitatis consortes fiunt. Sed etiam sancti homines efficiuntur
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2093 divinae naturae consortes, ut dicitur II Petri I, unde et de eis in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2094 Psalm. dicitur, ego dixi, dii estis. Angeli etiam filii Dei
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2095 nominantur, ut patet Iob I. Ergo omnibus his debet sacrificium
53
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parents: 28
diff changeset
2096 offerri.</p><p title="II-II q. 85 a. 2 arg. 2"><a name="42644"><span class="ref">[42644] IIª-IIae q. 85 a. 2 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2097 quanto aliquis maior est, tanto ei maior honor debet exhiberi. Sed
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2098 Angeli et sancti sunt multo maiores quibuscumque terrenis
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2099 principibus, quibus tamen eorum subditi multo maiorem honorem
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2100 impendunt, se coram eis prosternentes et munera offerentes, quam
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2101 sit oblatio alicuius animalis vel rei alterius in sacrificium. Ergo
53
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parents: 28
diff changeset
2102 multo magis Angelis et sanctis potest sacrificium offerri.</p><p title="II-II q. 85 a. 2 arg. 3"><a name="42645"><span class="ref">[42645] IIª-IIae q. 85 a. 2 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2103 templa et altaria instituuntur ad sacrificia offerenda. Sed templa
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2104 et altaria instituuntur Angelis et sanctis. Ergo etiam sacrificia
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
2105 possunt eis offerri.</p><p title="II-II q. 85 a. 2 s. c."><a name="42646"><span class="ref">[42646] IIª-IIae q. 85 a. 2 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2106 est quod dicitur Exod. XXII, <i>qui immolat diis, occidetur,
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
2107 praeter domino soli</i>.</p><p title="II-II q. 85 a. 2 co."><a name="42647"><span class="ref">[42647] IIª-IIae q. 85 a. 2 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2108 dicendum quod, sicut dictum est, oblatio sacrificii fit ad aliquid
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2109 significandum. Significat autem sacrificium quod offertur exterius,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2110 interius spirituale sacrificium, quo anima seipsam offert Deo,
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2111 secundum illud Psalm., sacrificium Deo spiritus contribulatus,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2112 quia, sicut supra dictum est, exteriores actus religionis ad
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2113 interiores ordinantur. Anima autem se offert Deo in sacrificium
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2114 sicut principio suae creationis et sicut fini suae beatificationis.
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2115 Secundum autem veram fidem solus Deus est creator animarum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2116 nostrarum, ut in primo habitum est. In solo etiam eo animae nostrae
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2117 beatitudo consistit, ut supra dictum est. Et ideo sicut soli Deo
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2118 summo debemus sacrificium spirituale offerre, ita etiam soli ei
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2119 debemus offerre exteriora sacrificia, sicut etiam, <i>orantes atque
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2120 laudantes, ad eum dirigimus significantes voces cui res ipsas in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2121 corde quas significamus, offerimus</i>, ut Augustinus dicit, X de
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2122 Civ. Dei. Hoc etiam videmus in omni republica observari, quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2123 summum rectorem aliquo signo singulari honorant, quod cuicumque
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2124 alteri deferretur, esset crimen laesae maiestatis. Et ideo in lege
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2125 divina statuitur poena mortis his qui divinum honorem aliis
53
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parents: 28
diff changeset
2126 exhibent.</p><p title="II-II q. 85 a. 2 ad 1"><a name="42648"><span class="ref">[42648] IIª-IIae q. 85 a. 2 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2127 ergo dicendum quod nomen divinitatis communicatur aliquibus non per
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2128 aequalitatem, sed per participationem. Et ideo nec aequalis honor
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
2129 eis debetur.</p><p title="II-II q. 85 a. 2 ad 2"><a name="42649"><span class="ref">[42649] IIª-IIae q. 85 a. 2 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2130 dicendum quod in oblatione sacrificii non pensatur pretium occisi
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2131 pecoris, sed significatio, qua hoc fit in honorem summi rectoris
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2132 totius universi. Unde, sicut Augustinus dicit, X de Civ. Dei,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2133 <i>Daemones non cadaverinis nidoribus, sed divinis honoribus
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2134 gaudent</i>.</p><p title="II-II q. 85 a. 2 ad 3"><a name="42650"><span class="ref">[42650] IIª-IIae q. 85 a. 2 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2135 dicendum quod, sicut Augustinus dicit, VIII de Civ. Dei, <i>non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2136 constituimus martyribus templa, sacerdotia, quoniam non ipsi, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2137 Deus eorum nobis est Deus. Unde sacerdos non dicit, offero tibi
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2138 sacrificium, Petre, vel Paule. Sed Deo de illorum victoriis gratias
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
2139 agimus, et nos ad imitationem eorum adhortamur</i>.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 3</h3><p title="II-II q. 85 a. 3 arg. 1"><a name="42651"><span class="ref">[42651] IIª-IIae q. 85 a. 3 arg. 1</span></a> Ad tertium
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2140 sic proceditur. Videtur quod oblatio sacrificii non sit specialis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2141 actus virtutis. Dicit enim Augustinus, X de Civ. Dei, <i>verum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2142 sacrificium est omne opus quod agitur ut sancta societate
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2143 inhaereamus Deo</i>. Sed omne opus bonum non est specialis actus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2144 alicuius determinatae virtutis. Ergo oblatio sacrificii non est
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2145 specialis actus determinatae virtutis.</p><p title="II-II q. 85 a. 3 arg. 2"><a name="42652"><span class="ref">[42652] IIª-IIae q. 85 a. 3 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2146 maceratio corporis quae fit per ieiunium, pertinet ad abstinentiam;
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2147 quae autem fit per continentiam, pertinet ad castitatem; quae autem
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2148 est in martyrio, pertinet ad fortitudinem. Quae omnia videntur
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2149 comprehendi sub sacrificii oblatione, secundum illud Rom. XII,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2150 exhibeatis corpora vestra hostiam viventem. Dicit etiam apostolus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2151 ad Heb. ult., beneficentiae et communionis <i>nolite oblivisci,
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2152 talibus enim hostiis promeretur Deus</i>, beneficentia autem et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2153 communio pertinent ad caritatem, misericordiam et liberalitatem.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2154 Ergo sacrificii oblatio non est specialis actus determinatae
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2155 virtutis.</p><p title="II-II q. 85 a. 3 arg. 3"><a name="42653"><span class="ref">[42653] IIª-IIae q. 85 a. 3 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2156 sacrificium videtur quod Deo exhibetur. Sed multa sunt quae Deo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2157 exhibentur, sicut devotio, oratio, decimae, primitiae, oblationes
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2158 et holocausta. Ergo sacrificium non videtur esse aliquis specialis
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2159 actus determinatae virtutis.</p><p title="II-II q. 85 a. 3 s. c."><a name="42654"><span class="ref">[42654] IIª-IIae q. 85 a. 3 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2160 est quod in lege specialia praecepta de sacrificiis dantur, ut
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2161 patet in principio Levitici.</p><p title="II-II q. 85 a. 3 co."><a name="42655"><span class="ref">[42655] IIª-IIae q. 85 a. 3 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2162 dicendum quod, sicut supra habitum est, quando actus unius virtutis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2163 ordinatur ad finem alterius virtutis, participat quodammodo speciem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2164 eius, sicut cum quis furatur ut fornicetur, ipsum furtum accipit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2165 quodammodo fornicationis deformitatem, ita quod si etiam alias non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2166 esset peccatum, ex hoc iam peccatum esset quod ad fornicationem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2167 ordinatur. Sic igitur sacrificium est quidam specialis actus laudem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2168 habens ex hoc quod in divinam reverentiam fit. Propter quod ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2169 determinatam virtutem pertinet, scilicet ad religionem. Contingit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2170 autem etiam ea quae secundum alias virtutes fiunt, in divinam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2171 reverentiam ordinari, puta cum aliquis eleemosynam facit de rebus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2172 propriis propter Deum, vel cum aliquis proprium corpus alicui
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2173 afflictioni subiicit propter divinam reverentiam. Et secundum hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2174 etiam actus aliarum virtutum sacrificia dici possunt. Sunt tamen
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2175 quidam actus qui non habent ex alio laudem nisi quia fiunt propter
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2176 reverentiam divinam. Et isti actus proprie sacrificia dicuntur, et
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2177 pertinent ad virtutem religionis.</p><p title="II-II q. 85 a. 3 ad 1"><a name="42656"><span class="ref">[42656] IIª-IIae q. 85 a. 3 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2178 ergo dicendum quod hoc ipsum quod Deo quadam spirituali societate
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2179 volumus inhaerere, ad divinam reverentiam pertinet. Et ideo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2180 cuiuscumque virtutis actus rationem sacrificii accipit ex hoc quod
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2181 agitur ut sancta societate Deo inhaereamus.</p><p title="II-II q. 85 a. 3 ad 2"><a name="42657"><span class="ref">[42657] IIª-IIae q. 85 a. 3 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2182 dicendum quod triplex est hominis bonum. Primum quidem est bonum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2183 animae, quod Deo offertur interiori quodam sacrificio per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2184 devotionem et orationem et alios huiusmodi interiores actus. Et hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2185 est principale sacrificium. Secundum est bonum corporis, quod Deo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2186 quodammodo offertur per martyrium, et abstinentiam seu
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2187 continentiam. Tertium est bonum exteriorum rerum, de quo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2188 sacrificium offertur Deo, directe quidem, quando immediate res
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2189 nostras Deo offerimus; mediate autem, quando eas communicamus
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2190 proximis propter Deum.</p><p title="II-II q. 85 a. 3 ad 3"><a name="42658"><span class="ref">[42658] IIª-IIae q. 85 a. 3 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2191 dicendum quod sacrificia proprie dicuntur quando circa res Deo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2192 oblatas aliquid fit, sicut quod animalia occidebantur, quod panis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2193 frangitur et comeditur et benedicitur. Et hoc ipsum nomen sonat,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2194 nam sacrificium dicitur ex hoc quod homo facit aliquid sacrum.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2195 Oblatio autem directe dicitur cum Deo aliquid offertur, etiam si
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2196 nihil circa ipsum fiat, sicut dicuntur offerri denarii vel panes in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2197 altari, circa quos nihil fit. Unde omne sacrificium est oblatio,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2198 sed non convertitur. Primitiae autem oblationes sunt, quia Deo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2199 offerebantur, ut legitur Deut. XXVI, non autem sunt sacrificia,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2200 quia nihil sacrum circa eas fiebat. Decimae autem, proprie
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2201 loquendo, non sunt neque sacrificia neque oblationes, quia non
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
2202 immediate Deo, sed ministris divini cultus exhibentur.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 4</h3><p title="II-II q. 85 a. 4 arg. 1"><a name="42659"><span class="ref">[42659] IIª-IIae q. 85 a. 4 arg. 1</span></a> Ad quartum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2203 sic proceditur. Videtur quod non omnes teneantur ad sacrificia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2204 offerenda. Dicit enim apostolus, Rom. III, <i>quaecumque lex
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2205 loquitur, his qui sunt in lege loquitur</i>. Sed lex de sacrificiis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2206 non fuit omnibus data, sed soli populo Hebraeorum. Ergo non omnes
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
2207 ad sacrificia tenebantur.</p><p title="II-II q. 85 a. 4 arg. 2"><a name="42660"><span class="ref">[42660] IIª-IIae q. 85 a. 4 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2208 sacrificia Deo offeruntur ad aliquid significandum. Sed non est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2209 omnium huiusmodi significationes intelligere. Ergo non omnes
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2210 tenentur ad sacrificia offerenda.</p><p title="II-II q. 85 a. 4 arg. 3"><a name="42661"><span class="ref">[42661] IIª-IIae q. 85 a. 4 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2211 ex hoc sacerdotes dicuntur quod Deo sacrificium offerunt. Sed non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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diff changeset
2212 omnes sunt sacerdotes. Ergo non omnes tenentur ad sacrificia
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2213 offerenda.</p><p title="II-II q. 85 a. 4 s. c."><a name="42662"><span class="ref">[42662] IIª-IIae q. 85 a. 4 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2214 est quod sacrificium offerre est de lege naturae, ut supra habitum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2215 est. Ad ea autem quae sunt legis naturae omnes tenentur. Ergo omnes
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
2216 tenentur ad sacrificium Deo offerendum.</p><p title="II-II q. 85 a. 4 co."><a name="42663"><span class="ref">[42663] IIª-IIae q. 85 a. 4 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2217 dicendum quod duplex est sacrificium, sicut dictum est. Quorum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2218 primum et principale est sacrificium interius, ad quod omnes
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2219 tenentur, omnes enim tenentur Deo devotam mentem offerre. Aliud
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2220 autem est sacrificium exterius. Quod in duo dividitur. Nam quoddam
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2221 est quod ex hoc solum laudem habet quod Deo aliquid exterius
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2222 offertur in protestationem divinae subiectionis. Et ad hoc aliter
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2223 tenentur illi qui sunt sub lege nova vel veteri, aliter illi qui
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2224 non sunt sub lege. Nam illi qui sunt sub lege, tenentur ad
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2225 determinata sacrificia offerenda secundum legis praecepta. Illi
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2226 vero qui non erant sub lege, tenebantur ad aliqua exterius facienda
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2227 in honorem divinum, secundum condecentiam ad eos inter quos
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2228 habitabant, non autem determinate ad haec vel ad illa. Aliud vero
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2229 est exterius sacrificium quando actus exteriores aliarum virtutum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2230 in divinam reverentiam assumuntur. Quorum quidam cadunt sub
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2231 praecepto, ad quos omnes tenentur, quidam vero sunt
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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diff changeset
2232 supererogationis, ad quos non omnes tenentur.</p><p title="II-II q. 85 a. 4 ad 1"><a name="42664"><span class="ref">[42664] IIª-IIae q. 85 a. 4 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2233 ergo dicendum quod ad illa determinata sacrificia quae in lege
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2234 erant praecepta, non omnes tenebantur, tenebantur tamen ad aliqua
53
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diff changeset
2235 sacrificia interiora vel exteriora, ut dictum est.</p><p title="II-II q. 85 a. 4 ad 2"><a name="42665"><span class="ref">[42665] IIª-IIae q. 85 a. 4 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2236 dicendum quod quamvis non omnes sciant explicite virtutem
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2237 sacrificiorum, sciunt tamen implicite, sicut et habent fidem
53
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parents: 28
diff changeset
2238 implicitam, ut supra habitum est.</p><p title="II-II q. 85 a. 4 ad 3"><a name="42666"><span class="ref">[42666] IIª-IIae q. 85 a. 4 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2239 dicendum quod sacerdotes offerunt sacrificia quae sunt specialiter
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2240 ordinata ad cultum divinum, non solum pro se, sed etiam pro aliis.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2241 Quaedam vero sunt alia sacrificia quae quilibet potest pro se Deo
53
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diff changeset
2242 offerre, ut ex supradictis patet.</p></div></div><div class="q" id="q86"><h2>Quaestio 86</h2><div class="p"><h3>Prooemium</h3><p title="II-II q. 86 pr."><a name="42667"><span class="ref">[42667] IIª-IIae q. 86 pr.</span></a> Deinde
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2243 considerandum est de oblationibus et primitiis. Et circa hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2244 quaeruntur quatuor. Primo, utrum aliquae oblationes sint de
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2245 necessitate praecepti. Secundo, quibus oblationes debeantur.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2246 Tertio, de quibus rebus fieri debeant. Quarto, specialiter de
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2247 oblationibus primitiarum, utrum ad eas homines ex necessitate
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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diff changeset
2248 teneantur.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 1</h3><p title="II-II q. 86 a. 1 arg. 1"><a name="42668"><span class="ref">[42668] IIª-IIae q. 86 a. 1 arg. 1</span></a> Ad primum
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2249 sic proceditur. Videtur quod homines non teneantur ad oblationes ex
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2250 necessitate praecepti. Non enim homines tempore Evangelii tenentur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2251 ad observanda caeremonialia praecepta veteris legis, ut supra
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2252 habitum est. Sed oblationes offerre ponitur inter caeremonialia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2253 praecepta veteris legis, dicitur enim Exod. XXIII, <i>tribus
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2254 vicibus per singulos annos mihi festa celebrabitis</i>, et postea
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2255 subditur, <i>non apparebis in conspectu meo vacuus</i>. Ergo ad
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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diff changeset
2256 oblationes non tenentur nunc homines ex necessitate praecepti.</p><p title="II-II q. 86 a. 1 arg. 2"><a name="42669"><span class="ref">[42669] IIª-IIae q. 86 a. 1 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2257 oblationes, antequam fiant, in voluntate hominis consistunt, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2258 videtur per hoc quod dominus dicit, Matth. V, <i>si offers munus
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2259 tuum ad altare</i>, quasi hoc arbitrio offerentium relinquatur.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2260 Postquam autem oblationes sunt factae, non restat locus iterato eas
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2261 offerendi. Ergo nullo modo aliquis ex necessitate praecepti ad
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
2262 oblationes tenetur.</p><p title="II-II q. 86 a. 1 arg. 3"><a name="42670"><span class="ref">[42670] IIª-IIae q. 86 a. 1 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2263 quicumque aliquid tenetur reddere Ecclesiae, si non reddat, potest
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2264 ad id compelli per subtractionem ecclesiasticorum sacramentorum.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2265 Sed illicitum videtur his qui offerre noluerint ecclesiastica
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2266 sacramenta denegare, secundum illud decretum sextae synodi quod
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2267 habetur I, qu. I, <i>nullus qui sacram communionem dispensat, a
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2268 percipiente gratiam aliquid exigat, si vero exegerit,
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2269 deponatur</i>. Ergo non tenentur homines ex necessitate ad
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
2270 oblationes.</p><p title="II-II q. 86 a. 1 s. c."><a name="42671"><span class="ref">[42671] IIª-IIae q. 86 a. 1 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2271 est quod Gregorius dicit, <i>omnis Christianus procuret ad Missarum
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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diff changeset
2272 solemnia aliquid Deo offerre</i>.</p><p title="II-II q. 86 a. 1 co."><a name="42672"><span class="ref">[42672] IIª-IIae q. 86 a. 1 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2273 dicendum quod, sicut dictum est, nomen oblationis commune est ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2274 omnes res quae in cultum Dei exhibentur. Ita quod si aliquid
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2275 exhibeatur in cultum divinum quasi in aliquod sacrum quod inde
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2276 fieri debeat consumendum, et oblatio est et sacrificium, unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2277 dicitur Exod. XXIX, <i>offeres totum arietem in incensum super
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2278 altare, oblatio est domino, odor suavissimus victimae Dei</i>; et
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2279 Levit. II dicitur, <i>anima cum obtulerit oblationem sacrificii
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2280 domino, simila erit eius oblatio</i>. Si vero sic exhibeatur ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2281 integrum maneat, divino cultui deputandum vel in usus ministrorum
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2282 expendendum, erit oblatio et non sacrificium. Huiusmodi ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2283 oblationes de sui ratione habent quod voluntarie offerantur,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2284 secundum illud Exod. XXV, <i>ab homine qui offert ultroneus,
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2285 accipietis eas</i>. Potest tamen contingere quod aliquis ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2286 oblationes teneatur quadruplici ratione. Primo quidem, ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2287 praecedenti conventione, sicut cum alicui conceditur aliquis fundus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2288 Ecclesiae, ut certis temporibus certas oblationes faciat. Quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2289 tamen habet rationem census. Secundo, propter praecedentem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2290 deputationem sive promissionem, sicut cum aliquis offert donationem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2291 inter vivos vel cum relinquit in testamento Ecclesiae aliquam rem,
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2292 mobilem vel immobilem, in posterum solvendam. Tertio modo, propter
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2293 Ecclesiae necessitatem, puta si ministri Ecclesiae non haberent
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2294 unde sustentarentur. Quarto modo, propter consuetudinem, tenentur
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2295 enim fideles in aliquibus solemnitatibus ad aliquas oblationes
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2296 consuetas. Tamen in his duobus ultimis casibus remanet oblatio
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2297 quodammodo voluntaria, scilicet quantum ad quantitatem vel speciem
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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diff changeset
2298 rei oblatae.</p><p title="II-II q. 86 a. 1 ad 1"><a name="42673"><span class="ref">[42673] IIª-IIae q. 86 a. 1 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2299 ergo dicendum quod in nova lege homines non tenentur ad oblationem
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2300 causa solemnitatum legalium, ut in Exodo dicitur, sed ex quibusdam
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2301 aliis causis, ut dictum est.</p><p title="II-II q. 86 a. 1 ad 2"><a name="42674"><span class="ref">[42674] IIª-IIae q. 86 a. 1 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2302 dicendum quod ad oblationes faciendas tenentur aliqui et antequam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2303 fiant, sicut in primo et tertio et quarto modo, et etiam postquam
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2304 eas fecerint per deputationem sive promissionem; tenentur enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2305 realiter exhibere quod est Ecclesiae per modum deputationis
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
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diff changeset
2306 oblatum.</p><p title="II-II q. 86 a. 1 ad 3"><a name="42675"><span class="ref">[42675] IIª-IIae q. 86 a. 1 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2307 dicendum quod illi qui debitas oblationes non reddunt possunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2308 puniri per subtractionem sacramentorum, non per ipsum sacerdotem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2309 cui sunt oblationes faciendae, ne videatur pro sacramentorum
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2310 exhibitione aliquid exigere, sed per superiorem aliquem.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 2</h3><p title="II-II q. 86 a. 2 arg. 1"><a name="42676"><span class="ref">[42676] IIª-IIae q. 86 a. 2 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2311 secundum sic proceditur. Videtur quod oblationes non solum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2312 sacerdotibus debeantur. Inter oblationes enim praecipue videmus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2313 esse quae hostiarum sacrificiis deputantur. Sed ea quae pauperibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2314 dantur in Scripturis hostiae dicuntur, secundum illud Heb. ult.,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2315 <i>beneficentiae et communionis nolite oblivisci, talibus enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2316 hostiis promeretur Deus</i>. Ergo multo magis oblationes pauperibus
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
2317 debentur.</p><p title="II-II q. 86 a. 2 arg. 2"><a name="42677"><span class="ref">[42677] IIª-IIae q. 86 a. 2 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2318 in multis parochiis monachi de oblationibus partem habent. Alia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2319 autem est causa clericorum, alia monachorum, ut Hieronymus dicit.
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2320 Ergo non solum sacerdotibus oblationes debentur.</p><p title="II-II q. 86 a. 2 arg. 3"><a name="42678"><span class="ref">[42678] IIª-IIae q. 86 a. 2 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2321 laici de voluntate Ecclesiae emunt oblationes, ut panes et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2322 huiusmodi. Sed non nisi ut haec in suos usus convertant. Ergo
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
2323 oblationes possunt etiam ad laicos pertinere.</p><p title="II-II q. 86 a. 2 s. c."><a name="42679"><span class="ref">[42679] IIª-IIae q. 86 a. 2 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2324 est quod dicit canon Damasi Papae, et habetur X, qu. I,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2325 <i>oblationes quae intra sanctam Ecclesiam offeruntur, tantummodo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2326 sacerdotibus, qui quotidie domino servire videntur, licet comedere
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2327 et bibere. Quia in veteri testamento prohibuit dominus panes
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2328 sanctos comedere filiis Israel, nisi tantummodo Aaron et filiis
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2329 eius</i>.</p><p title="II-II q. 86 a. 2 co."><a name="42680"><span class="ref">[42680] IIª-IIae q. 86 a. 2 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2330 dicendum quod sacerdos quodammodo constituitur sequester et medius
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2331 inter populum et Deum, sicut de Moyse legitur Deut. V. Et ideo ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2332 eum pertinet divina dogmata et sacramenta exhibere populo, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2333 iterum ea quae sunt populi, puta preces et sacrificia et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2334 oblationes, per eum domino debent exhiberi; secundum illud
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2335 apostoli, ad Heb. V, <i>omnis pontifex ex hominibus assumptus pro
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2336 hominibus constituitur in his quae sunt ad Deum, ut offerat dona et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2337 sacrificia pro peccatis</i>. Et ideo oblationes quae a populo Deo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2338 exhibentur ad sacerdotes pertinent, non solum ut eas in suos usus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2339 convertant, verum etiam ut fideliter eas dispensent, partim quidem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2340 expendendo eas in his quae pertinent ad cultum divinum; partim vero
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2341 in his quae pertinent ad proprium victum, quia qui altari
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2342 deserviunt cum altari participantur, ut dicitur I ad Cor. IX;
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2343 partim etiam in usus pauperum, qui sunt, quantum fieri potest, de
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2344 rebus Ecclesiae sustentandi; quia et dominus in usum pauperum
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
2345 loculos habebat, ut Hieronymus dicit, super Matth.</p><p title="II-II q. 86 a. 2 ad 1"><a name="42681"><span class="ref">[42681] IIª-IIae q. 86 a. 2 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2346 ergo dicendum quod ea quae pauperibus dantur, sicut non proprie
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2347 sunt sacrificia, dicuntur tamen sacrificia inquantum eis dantur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2348 propter Deum, ita etiam secundum eandem rationem oblationes dici
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2349 possunt, tamen non proprie, quia non immediate Deo offeruntur.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2350 Oblationes vero proprie dictae in usum pauperum cedunt non per
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
2351 dispensationem offerentium, sed per dispensationem sacerdotum.</p><p title="II-II q. 86 a. 2 ad 2"><a name="42682"><span class="ref">[42682] IIª-IIae q. 86 a. 2 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2352 dicendum quod monachi sive alii religiosi possunt oblationes
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2353 recipere tripliciter. Uno modo, sicut pauperes, per dispensationem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2354 sacerdotis vel ordinationem Ecclesiae. Alio modo, si sint ministri
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2355 altaris. Et tunc possunt accipere oblationes sponte oblatas.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2356 Tertio, si parochiae sint eorum. Et tunc ex debito possunt
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2357 accipere, tanquam Ecclesiae rectores.</p><p title="II-II q. 86 a. 2 ad 3"><a name="42683"><span class="ref">[42683] IIª-IIae q. 86 a. 2 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2358 dicendum quod oblationes, postquam fuerint consecratae, non possunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2359 cedere in usum laicorum, sicut vasa et vestimenta sacra. Et hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2360 modo intelligitur dictum Damasi Papae. Illa vero quae non sunt
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2361 consecrata, possunt in usum laicorum cedere ex dispensatione
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2362 sacerdotum, sive per modum donationis sive per modum
53
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parents: 28
diff changeset
2363 venditionis.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 3</h3><p title="II-II q. 86 a. 3 arg. 1"><a name="42684"><span class="ref">[42684] IIª-IIae q. 86 a. 3 arg. 1</span></a> Ad tertium
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2364 sic proceditur. Videtur quod non possit homo oblationes facere de
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2365 omnibus rebus licite possessis. Quia secundum iura humana,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2366 <i>turpiter facit meretrix in hoc quod est meretrix, non tamen
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2367 turpiter accipit</i>, et ita licite possidet. Sed non licet de eo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2368 facere oblationem, secundum illud Deut. XXIII, <i>non offeres
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2369 mercedem prostibuli in domo domini Dei tui</i>. Ergo non licet
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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diff changeset
2370 facere oblationem de omnibus licite possessis.</p><p title="II-II q. 86 a. 3 arg. 2"><a name="42685"><span class="ref">[42685] IIª-IIae q. 86 a. 3 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2371 ibidem prohibetur quod pretium canis non offeratur in domo Dei. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2372 manifestum est quod pretium canis iuste venditi iuste possidetur.
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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diff changeset
2373 Ergo non licet de omnibus iuste possessis oblationem facere.</p><p title="II-II q. 86 a. 3 arg. 3"><a name="42686"><span class="ref">[42686] IIª-IIae q. 86 a. 3 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2374 Malach. I dicitur, <i>si offeratur claudum et languidum, nonne
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2375 malum est?</i> Sed claudum et languidum est animal iuste possessum.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2376 Ergo videtur quod non de omni iuste possesso possit oblatio
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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diff changeset
2377 fieri.</p><p title="II-II q. 86 a. 3 s. c."><a name="42687"><span class="ref">[42687] IIª-IIae q. 86 a. 3 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2378 est quod dicitur Prov. III, <i>honora dominum de tua
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2379 substantia</i>. Ad substantiam autem hominis pertinet quidquid
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2380 iuste possidet. Ergo de omnibus iuste possessis potest oblatio
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
2381 fieri.</p><p title="II-II q. 86 a. 3 co."><a name="42688"><span class="ref">[42688] IIª-IIae q. 86 a. 3 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2382 dicendum quod, sicut Augustinus dicit, in libro de Verb. Dom.,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2383 <i>si depraedareris aliquem invalidum et de spoliis eius dares
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2384 alicui iudici si pro te iudicaret, tanta vis est iustitiae ut et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2385 tibi displiceret. Non est talis Deus tuus qualis non debes esse nec
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2386 tu</i>. Et ideo dicitur Eccli. XXXIV, <i>immolantis ex iniquo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2387 oblatio est maculata</i>. Unde patet quod de iniuste acquisitis et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2388 possessis non potest oblatio fieri. In veteri autem lege, in qua
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2389 figurae serviebatur, quaedam propter significationem reputabantur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2390 immunda, quae offerre non licebat. Sed in nova lege omnis creatura
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2391 Dei reputatur munda, ut dicitur ad Tit. I. Et ideo, quantum est de
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2392 se, de quolibet licite possesso potest oblatio fieri. Per accidens
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2393 tamen contingit quod de aliquo licite possesso oblatio fieri non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2394 potest, puta si vergat in detrimentum alterius, ut si filius
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2395 aliquis offerat Deo id unde debet patrem nutrire, quod dominus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2396 improbat Matth. XV; vel propter scandalum, vel propter contemptum,
53
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parents: 28
diff changeset
2397 vel aliquid aliud huiusmodi.</p><p title="II-II q. 86 a. 3 ad 1"><a name="42689"><span class="ref">[42689] IIª-IIae q. 86 a. 3 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2398 ergo dicendum quod in veteri lege prohibebatur oblatio de mercede
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2399 prostibuli propter immunditiam. In nova autem lege propter
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2400 scandalum, ne videatur Ecclesia favere peccato, si de lucro peccati
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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diff changeset
2401 oblationem recipiat.</p><p title="II-II q. 86 a. 3 ad 2"><a name="42690"><span class="ref">[42690] IIª-IIae q. 86 a. 3 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2402 dicendum quod canis secundum legem reputabatur animal immundum.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2403 Alia tamen animalia immunda redimebantur, et eorum pretium poterat
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2404 offerri, secundum illud Levit. ult., <i>si immundum animal est,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2405 redimet qui obtulerit</i>. Sed canis nec offerebatur nec
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2406 redimebatur, tum quia idololatrae canibus utebantur in sacrificiis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2407 idolorum; tum etiam quia significant rapacitatem, de qua non potest
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
2408 fieri oblatio. Sed haec prohibitio cessat in nova lege.</p><p title="II-II q. 86 a. 3 ad 3"><a name="42691"><span class="ref">[42691] IIª-IIae q. 86 a. 3 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2409 dicendum quod oblatio animalis caeci vel claudi reddebatur illicita
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2410 tripliciter. Uno modo, ratione eius ad quod offerebatur. Unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2411 dicitur Malach. I, <i>si offeratis caecum ad immolandum, nonne
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2412 malum est?</i> Sacrificia autem oportebat esse immaculata. Secundo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2413 ex contemptu. Unde ibidem subditur, <i>vos polluistis nomen meum in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2414 eo quod dicitis, mensa domini contaminata est, et quod superponitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2415 contemptibile est</i>. Tertio modo, ex voto praecedenti, ex quo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2416 obligatur homo ut integrum reddat quod voverat. Unde ibidem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2417 subditur, <i>maledictus dolosus qui habet in grege suo masculum, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2418 votum faciens immolat debile domino</i>. Et eaedem causae manent in
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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diff changeset
2419 lege nova. Quibus tamen cessantibus, non est illicitum.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 4</h3><p title="II-II q. 86 a. 4 arg. 1"><a name="42692"><span class="ref">[42692] IIª-IIae q. 86 a. 4 arg. 1</span></a> Ad quartum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2420 sic proceditur. Videtur quod ad primitias solvendas homines non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2421 teneantur. Quia Exod. XIII, data lege primogenitorum, subditur,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2422 <i>erit quasi signum in manu tua</i>, et ita videtur esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2423 praeceptum caeremoniale. Sed praecepta caeremonialia non sunt
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
2424 servanda in lege nova. Ergo neque primitiae sunt solvendae.</p><p title="II-II q. 86 a. 4 arg. 2"><a name="42693"><span class="ref">[42693] IIª-IIae q. 86 a. 4 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2425 primitiae offerebantur domino pro speciali beneficio illi populo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2426 exhibito, unde dicitur Deut. XXVI, <i>tolles de cunctis frugibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2427 tuis primitias, accedesque ad sacerdotem qui fuerit in diebus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2428 illis, et dices ad eum, profiteor hodie coram domino Deo tuo quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2429 ingressus sum terram pro qua iuravit patribus nostris ut daret eam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2430 nobis</i>. Ergo aliae nationes non tenentur ad primitias
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2431 solvendas.</p><p title="II-II q. 86 a. 4 arg. 3"><a name="42694"><span class="ref">[42694] IIª-IIae q. 86 a. 4 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2432 illud ad quod aliquis tenetur debet esse determinatum. Sed non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2433 invenitur nec in nova lege nec in veteri determinata quantitas
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2434 primitiarum. Ergo ad eas solvendas non tenentur homines ex
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
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diff changeset
2435 necessitate.</p><p title="II-II q. 86 a. 4 s. c."><a name="42695"><span class="ref">[42695] IIª-IIae q. 86 a. 4 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2436 est quod dicitur XVI, qu. VII, <i>oportet decimas et primitias,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2437 quas iure sacerdotum esse sancimus, ab omni populo
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2438 accipere</i>.</p><p title="II-II q. 86 a. 4 co."><a name="42696"><span class="ref">[42696] IIª-IIae q. 86 a. 4 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2439 dicendum quod primitiae ad quoddam genus oblationum pertinent, quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2440 Deo exhibentur cum quadam professione, ut habetur Deut. XXVI. Unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2441 et ibidem subditur, suscipiens sacerdos cartallum, scilicet
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2442 primitiarum, de manu eius qui defert primitias, et ponet ante
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2443 altare domini Dei tui; et postea mandatur ei quod dicat, idcirco
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2444 <i>nunc offero primitias frugum terrae, quas dominus dedit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2445 mihi</i>. Offerebantur autem primitiae ex speciali causa, scilicet
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2446 in recognitionem divini beneficii, quasi aliquis profiteatur se a
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2447 Deo fructus terrae percipere, et ideo se teneri ad aliquid de
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2448 huiusmodi Deo exhibendum, secundum illud I Paral. ult., <i>quae de
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2449 manu tua accepimus, dedimus tibi</i>. Et quia Deo debemus exhibere
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2450 id quod praecipuum est, ideo primitias, quasi praecipuum aliquid de
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2451 fructibus terrae, praeceptum fuit Deo offerre. Et quia sacerdos
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2452 constituitur populo in his quae sunt ad Deum, ideo primitiae a
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2453 populo oblatae in usum sacerdotum cedebant, unde dicitur Num.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2454 XVIII, <i>locutus est dominus ad Aaron, ecce, dedi tibi custodiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2455 primitiarum mearum</i>. Pertinet autem ad ius naturale ut homo ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2456 rebus sibi datis a Deo aliquid exhibeat ad eius honorem. Sed quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2457 talibus personis exhibeatur, aut de primis fructibus, aut in tali
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2458 quantitate, hoc quidem fuit in veteri lege iure divino
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2459 determinatum, in nova autem lege definitur per determinationem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2460 Ecclesiae, ex qua homines obligantur ut primitias solvant secundum
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
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diff changeset
2461 consuetudinem patriae et indigentiam ministrorum Ecclesiae.</p><p title="II-II q. 86 a. 4 ad 1"><a name="42697"><span class="ref">[42697] IIª-IIae q. 86 a. 4 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2462 ergo dicendum quod caeremonialia proprie erant in signum futuri, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2463 ideo ad praesentiam veritatis significatae cessaverunt. Oblatio
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2464 autem primitiarum fuit in signum praeteriti beneficii, ex quo etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2465 debitum recognitionis causatur secundum dictamen rationis
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2466 naturalis. Et ideo in generali huiusmodi obligatio manet.</p><p title="II-II q. 86 a. 4 ad 2"><a name="42698"><span class="ref">[42698] IIª-IIae q. 86 a. 4 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2467 dicendum quod primitiae offerebantur in veteri lege non solum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2468 propter beneficium terrae promissionis datae a Deo, sed etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2469 propter beneficium fructuum terrae a Deo datorum. Unde dicitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2470 Deut. XXVI, <i>offero primitias frugum terrae, quas dominus Deus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2471 dedit mihi</i>. Et haec secunda causa apud omnes est communis.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2472 Potest etiam dici quod sicut speciali quodam beneficio terram
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2473 promissionis contulit Deus, ita generali beneficio toti humano
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2474 generi contulit terrae dominium, secundum illud Psalm., <i>terram
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
2475 dedit filiis hominum</i>.</p><p title="II-II q. 86 a. 4 ad 3"><a name="42699"><span class="ref">[42699] IIª-IIae q. 86 a. 4 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2476 dicendum quod, sicut Hieronymus dicit, <i>ex maiorum traditione
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2477 introductum est quod qui plurimum, quadragesimam partem dabant
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2478 sacerdotibus loco primitiarum; qui minimum, sexagesimam</i>. Unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2479 videtur quod inter hos terminos sint primitiae offerendae, secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2480 consuetudinem patriae. Rationabiliter tamen primitiarum quantitas
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2481 non fuit determinata in lege, quia, sicut dictum est, primitiae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2482 dantur per modum oblationis, de cuius ratione est quod sint
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2483 voluntariae.</p></div></div><div class="q" id="q87"><h2>Quaestio 87</h2><div class="p"><h3>Prooemium</h3><p title="II-II q. 87 pr."><a name="42700"><span class="ref">[42700] IIª-IIae q. 87 pr.</span></a> Deinde
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2484 considerandum est de decimis. Et circa hoc quaeruntur quatuor.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2485 Primo, utrum homines teneantur ad solvendas decimas ex necessitate
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2486 praecepti. Secundo, de quibus rebus sint decimae dandae. Tertio,
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
2487 quibus debeant dari. Quarto, quibus competat eas dare.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 1</h3><p title="II-II q. 87 a. 1 arg. 1"><a name="42701"><span class="ref">[42701] IIª-IIae q. 87 a. 1 arg. 1</span></a> Ad primum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2488 sic proceditur. Videtur quod homines non teneantur dare decimas ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2489 necessitate praecepti. Praeceptum enim de solutione decimarum in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2490 lege veteri datur, ut patet Levit. XXVII, <i>omnes decimae terrae,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2491 sive de frugibus sive de pomis arborum, domini sunt</i>; et infra,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2492 <i>omnium decimarum ovis et bovis et caprae, quae sub pastoris
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2493 virga transeunt, quidquid decimum venerit, sanctificabitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2494 domino</i>. Non autem potest computari hoc inter praecepta moralia,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2495 quia ratio naturalis non magis dictat quod decima pars debeat magis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2496 dari quam nona vel undecima. Ergo vel est praeceptum iudiciale, vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2497 caeremoniale. Sed sicut supra habitum est, tempore gratiae non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2498 obligantur homines neque ad praecepta caeremonialia neque ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2499 iudicialia veteris legis. Ergo homines nunc non obligantur ad
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2500 solutionem decimarum.</p><p title="II-II q. 87 a. 1 arg. 2"><a name="42702"><span class="ref">[42702] IIª-IIae q. 87 a. 1 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2501 illa sola homines observare tenentur tempore gratiae quae a Christo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2502 per apostolos sunt mandata, secundum illud Matth. ult., <i>docentes
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2503 eos servare omnia quaecumque mandavi vobis</i>; et Paulus dicit,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2504 Act. XX, <i>non enim subterfugi quominus annuntiarem vobis omne
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2505 consilium Dei</i>. Sed neque in doctrina Christi neque in doctrina
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2506 apostolorum aliquid continetur de solutione decimarum, nam quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2507 dominus de decimis dicit, Matth. XXIII, haec oportuit facere, ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2508 tempus praeteritum legalis observantiae referendum videtur; ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2509 dicit Hilarius, super Matth., <i>decimatio illa olerum, quae in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2510 praefigurationem futurorum erat utilis, non debebat omitti</i>.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2511 Ergo homines tempore gratiae non tenentur ad decimarum
53
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diff changeset
2512 solutionem.</p><p title="II-II q. 87 a. 1 arg. 3"><a name="42703"><span class="ref">[42703] IIª-IIae q. 87 a. 1 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2513 homines tempore gratiae non magis tenentur ad observantiam legalium
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2514 quam ante legem. Sed ante legem non dabantur decimae ex praecepto,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2515 sed solum ex voto, legitur enim Gen. XXVIII quod Iacob <i>vovit
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2516 votum dicens, si fuerit Deus mecum et custodierit me in via qua
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2517 ambulo, etc., cunctorum quae dederis mihi decimas offeram tibi</i>.
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diff changeset
2518 Ergo etiam neque tempore gratiae tenentur homines ad decimarum
53
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diff changeset
2519 solutionem.</p><p title="II-II q. 87 a. 1 arg. 4"><a name="42704"><span class="ref">[42704] IIª-IIae q. 87 a. 1 arg. 4</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2520 in veteri lege tenebantur homines ad triplices decimas solvendas.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2521 Quarum quasdam solvebant Levitis, dicitur enim Num. XVIII,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2522 <i>Levitae decimarum oblatione contenti erunt, quas in usus eorum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2523 et necessaria separavi</i>. Erant quoque et aliae decimae, de
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2524 quibus legitur Deut. XIV, <i>decimam partem separabis de cunctis
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2525 fructibus tuis qui nascuntur in terra per annos singulos, et
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2526 comedes in conspectu domini Dei tui in loco quem elegerit Deus</i>.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2527 Erant quoque et aliae decimae, de quibus ibidem subditur, <i>anno
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2528 tertio separabis aliam decimam ex omnibus quae nascuntur tibi eo
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2529 tempore, et repones intra ianuas tuas, venietque Levites, qui aliam
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2530 non habet partem neque possessionem tecum, et peregrinus ac
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2531 pupillus et vidua qui intra portas tuas sunt, et comedent et
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2532 saturabuntur</i>. Sed ad secundas et tertias decimas homines non
53
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diff changeset
2533 tenentur tempore gratiae. Ergo neque ad primas.</p><p title="II-II q. 87 a. 1 arg. 5"><a name="42705"><span class="ref">[42705] IIª-IIae q. 87 a. 1 arg. 5</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2534 quod sine determinatione temporis debetur, nisi statim solvatur,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2535 obligat ad peccatum. Si ergo homines tempore gratiae obligarentur
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2536 ex necessitate praecepti ad decimas solvendas, in terris in quibus
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2537 decimae non solvuntur omnes essent in peccato mortali, et per
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2538 consequens etiam ministri Ecclesiae dissimulando, quod videtur
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2539 inconveniens. Non ergo homines tempore gratiae ex necessitate
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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diff changeset
2540 tenentur ad solutionem decimarum.</p><p title="II-II q. 87 a. 1 s. c."><a name="42706"><span class="ref">[42706] IIª-IIae q. 87 a. 1 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28
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diff changeset
2541 est quod Augustinus dicit, et habetur XVI, qu. I, <i>decimae ex
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2542 debito requiruntur, et qui eas dare noluerint, res alienas
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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diff changeset
2543 invadunt</i>.</p><p title="II-II q. 87 a. 1 co."><a name="42707"><span class="ref">[42707] IIª-IIae q. 87 a. 1 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2544 dicendum quod decimae in veteri lege dabantur ad sustentationem
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2545 ministrorum Dei, unde dicitur Malach. III, <i>inferte omnem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2546 decimationem in horreum meum, ut sit cibus in domo mea</i>. Unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2547 praeceptum de solutione decimarum partim quidem erat morale,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2548 inditum naturali rationi, partim autem erat iudiciale, ex divina
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2549 institutione robur habens. Quod enim eis qui divino cultui
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2550 ministrabant ad salutem populi totius, populus necessaria victus
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2551 ministraret, ratio naturalis dictat, sicut et his qui communi
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2552 utilitati invigilant, scilicet principibus et militibus et aliis
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2553 huiusmodi, stipendia victus debentur a populo. Unde et apostolus
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2554 hoc probat, I ad Cor. IX, per humanas consuetudines, dicens,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2555 <i>quis militat suis stipendiis unquam? Quis plantat vineam et de
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2556 fructibus eius non edit?</i> Sed determinatio certae partis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2557 exhibendae ministris divini cultus non est de iure naturali, sed
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2558 est introducta institutione divina secundum conditionem illius
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2559 populi cui lex dabatur; qui cum in duodecim tribus esset divisus,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2560 duodecima tribus, scilicet levitica, quae tota erat divinis
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2561 ministeriis mancipata, possessiones non habebat, unde convenienter
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2562 institutum est ut reliquae undecim tribus decimam partem suorum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2563 proventuum Levitis darent, ut honorabilius viverent, et quia etiam
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2564 aliqui per negligentiam erant transgressores futuri unde quantum ad
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2565 determinationem decimae partis, erat iudiciale, sicut et alia multa
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2566 specialiter in illo populo instituta erant ad aequalitatem inter
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2567 homines ad invicem conservandam secundum populi illius conditionem,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2568 quae iudicialia praecepta dicuntur; licet ex consequenti aliquid
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2569 significarent in futurum, sicut et omnia eorum facta, secundum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2570 illud I ad Cor. X, omnia in figuram contingebant illis; in quo
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2571 conveniebant cum caeremonialibus praeceptis, quae principaliter
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2572 instituta erant ad significandum aliquid futurum. Unde et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2573 praeceptum de decimis persolvendis hic significat aliquid in
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2574 futurum, qui enim decimam dat, quae est perfectionis signum (eo
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2575 quod denarius est quodammodo numerus perfectus, quasi primus limes
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2576 numerorum, ultra quem numerum non procedunt, sed reiterantur ab
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2577 uno), novem sibi partibus reservatis, protestatur quasi in quodam
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2578 signo ad se pertinere imperfectionem, perfectionem vero, quae erat
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2579 futura per Christum, esse expectandam a Deo. Nec tamen propter hoc
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2580 est caeremoniale praeceptum, sed iudiciale, ut dictum est. Est
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2581 autem haec differentia inter caeremonialia et iudicialia legis
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2582 praecepta, ut supra diximus, quod caeremonialia illicitum est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2583 observare tempore legis novae, iudicialia vero, etsi non obligent
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2584 tempore gratiae, tamen possunt observari absque peccato, et ad
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2585 eorum observantiam aliqui obligantur si statuatur auctoritate eorum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2586 quorum est condere legem. Sicut praeceptum iudiciale veteris legis
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2587 est quod <i>qui furatus fuerit ovem, reddat quatuor oves</i>, ut
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2588 legitur Exod. XXII, quod, si ab aliquo rege statuatur, tenentur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2589 eius subditi observare. Ita etiam determinatio decimae partis
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2590 solvendae est auctoritate Ecclesiae tempore novae legis instituta
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2591 secundum quandam humanitatem, ut scilicet non minus populus novae
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2592 legis ministris novi testamenti exhiberet quam populus veteris
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2593 legis ministris veteris testamenti exhibebat; cum tamen populus
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2594 novae legis ad maiora obligetur, secundum illud Matth. V, <i>nisi
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2595 abundaverit iustitia vestra plus quam Scribarum et Pharisaeorum,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2596 non intrabitis in regnum caelorum</i>; et cum ministri novi
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2597 testamenti sint maioris dignitatis quam ministri veteris
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2598 testamenti, ut probat apostolus, II ad Cor. III. Sic ergo patet
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2599 quod ad solutionem decimarum homines tenentur, partim quidem ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2600 iure naturali, partim etiam ex institutione Ecclesiae, quae tamen,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2601 pensatis opportunitatibus temporum et personarum, posset aliam
53
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parents: 28
diff changeset
2602 partem determinare solvendam.</p><p title="II-II q. 87 a. 1 ad 1"><a name="42708"><span class="ref">[42708] IIª-IIae q. 87 a. 1 ad 1</span></a> Et per hoc
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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diff changeset
2603 patet responsio ad primum.</p><p title="II-II q. 87 a. 1 ad 2"><a name="42709"><span class="ref">[42709] IIª-IIae q. 87 a. 1 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
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diff changeset
2604 dicendum quod praeceptum de solutione decimarum, quantum ad id quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2605 erat morale, datum est in Evangelio a domino ubi dicit, Matth. X,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2606 dignus est operarius mercede sua; et etiam ab apostolo, ut patet I
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2607 ad Cor. IX. Sed determinatio certae partis est reservata
53
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diff changeset
2608 ordinationi Ecclesiae.</p><p title="II-II q. 87 a. 1 ad 3"><a name="42710"><span class="ref">[42710] IIª-IIae q. 87 a. 1 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2609 dicendum quod ante tempus veteris legis non erant determinati
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2610 ministri divini cultus, sed dicitur quod primogeniti erant
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2611 sacerdotes, qui duplicem portionem accipiebant. Et ideo etiam non
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2612 erat determinata aliqua pars exhibenda ministris divini cultus, sed
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2613 ubi aliquis occurrebat, unusquisque dabat ei propria sponte quod
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2614 sibi videbatur. Sicut Abraham quodam prophetico instinctu dedit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2615 decimas Melchisedech, sacerdoti Dei summi, ut dicitur Gen. XIV. Et
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2616 similiter etiam Iacob decimas vovit se daturum, quamvis non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2617 videatur decimas vovisse quasi aliquibus ministris exhibendas, sed
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2618 in divinum cultum, puta ad sacrificiorum consummationem; unde
53
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diff changeset
2619 signanter dicit, decimas offeram tibi.</p><p title="II-II q. 87 a. 1 ad 4"><a name="42711"><span class="ref">[42711] IIª-IIae q. 87 a. 1 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2620 dicendum quod secundae decimae, quae reservabantur ad sacrificia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2621 offerenda, locum in nova lege non habent, cessantibus legalibus
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2622 victimis. Tertiae vero decimae, quas cum pauperibus comedere
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2623 debebant, in nova lege augentur, per hoc quod dominus non solum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2624 decimam partem, sed omnia superflua pauperibus iubet exhiberi,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2625 secundum illud Luc. XI, <i>quod superest, date eleemosynam</i>.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2626 Ipsae etiam decimae quae ministris Ecclesiae dantur, per eos debent
53
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parents: 28
diff changeset
2627 in usus pauperum dispensari.</p><p title="II-II q. 87 a. 1 ad 5"><a name="42712"><span class="ref">[42712] IIª-IIae q. 87 a. 1 ad 5</span></a> Ad quintum
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2628 dicendum quod ministri Ecclesiae maiorem curam debent habere
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2629 spiritualium bonorum in populo promovendorum quam temporalium
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2630 colligendorum. Et ideo apostolus noluit uti potestate sibi a domino
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2631 tradita, ut scilicet acciperet stipendia victus ab his quibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2632 Evangelium praedicabat, ne daretur aliquod impedimentum Evangelio
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2633 Christi. Nec tamen peccabant illi qui ei non subveniebant, alioquin
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2634 apostolus eos corrigere non omisisset. Et similiter laudabiliter
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2635 ministri Ecclesiae decimas Ecclesiae non requirunt, ubi sine
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2636 scandalo requiri non possent, propter dissuetudinem vel propter
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2637 aliquam aliam causam. Nec tamen sunt in statu damnationis qui non
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2638 solvunt, in locis illis in quibus Ecclesia non petit, nisi forte
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2639 propter obstinationem animi, habentes voluntatem non solvendi etiam
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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diff changeset
2640 si ab eis peterentur.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 2</h3><p title="II-II q. 87 a. 2 arg. 1"><a name="42713"><span class="ref">[42713] IIª-IIae q. 87 a. 2 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2641 secundum sic proceditur. Videtur quod non de omnibus teneantur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2642 homines decimas dare. Solutio enim decimarum videtur esse ex veteri
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2643 lege introducta. Sed in veteri lege nullum praeceptum datur de
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2644 personalibus decimis, quae scilicet solvuntur de his quae aliquis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2645 acquirit ex proprio actu, puta de mercationibus vel de militia.
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
2646 Ergo de talibus decimas solvere nullus tenetur.</p><p title="II-II q. 87 a. 2 arg. 2"><a name="42714"><span class="ref">[42714] IIª-IIae q. 87 a. 2 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2647 de male acquisitis non debet fieri oblatio, ut supra dictum est.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2648 Sed oblationes, quae immediate Deo exhibentur, videntur magis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2649 pertinere ad divinum cultum quam decimae, quae exhibentur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2650 ministris. Ergo etiam nec decimae de male acquisitis sunt
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2651 solvendae.</p><p title="II-II q. 87 a. 2 arg. 3"><a name="42715"><span class="ref">[42715] IIª-IIae q. 87 a. 2 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2652 Levit. ult. non mandatur solvi decima nisi <i>de frugibus et pomis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2653 arborum, et animalibus quae transeunt sub virga pastoris</i>. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2654 praeter haec sunt quaedam alia minuta quae homini proveniunt, sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2655 herbae quae nascuntur in horto, et alia huiusmodi. Ergo nec de
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
2656 illis homo decimas dare tenetur.</p><p title="II-II q. 87 a. 2 arg. 4"><a name="42716"><span class="ref">[42716] IIª-IIae q. 87 a. 2 arg. 4</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2657 homo non potest solvere nisi id quod est in eius potestate. Sed non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2658 omnia quae proveniunt homini de fructibus agrorum aut animalium
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2659 remanent in eius potestate, quia quaedam aliquando subtrahuntur per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2660 furtum vel rapinam; quaedam vero quandoque in alium transferuntur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2661 per venditionem; quaedam etiam aliis debentur, sicut principibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2662 debentur tributa et operariis debentur mercedes. Ergo de his non
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2663 tenetur aliquis decimas dare.</p><p title="II-II q. 87 a. 2 s. c."><a name="42717"><span class="ref">[42717] IIª-IIae q. 87 a. 2 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2664 est quod dicitur Gen. XXVIII, cunctorum quae dederis mihi decimas
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2665 offeram tibi. Sed omnia quae homo habet sunt ei data divinitus.
53
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parents: 28
diff changeset
2666 Ergo de omnibus debet decimas dare.</p><p title="II-II q. 87 a. 2 co."><a name="42718"><span class="ref">[42718] IIª-IIae q. 87 a. 2 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2667 dicendum quod de unaquaque re praecipue est iudicandum secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2668 eius radicem. Radix autem solutionis decimarum est debitum quo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2669 seminantibus spiritualia debentur carnalia, secundum illud
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2670 apostoli, I ad Cor. IX, <i>si nos vobis spiritualia seminavimus,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2671 magnum est si carnalia vestra metamus?</i> Super hoc enim debitum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2672 fundavit Ecclesia determinationem solutionis decimarum. Omnia autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2673 quaecumque homo possidet sub carnalibus continentur. Et ideo de
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
2674 omnibus possessis decimae sunt solvendae.</p><p title="II-II q. 87 a. 2 ad 1"><a name="42719"><span class="ref">[42719] IIª-IIae q. 87 a. 2 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2675 ergo dicendum quod specialis ratio fuit quare in veteri lege non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2676 fuit datum praeceptum de personalibus decimis, secundum conditionem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2677 populi illius, quia omnes aliae tribus certas possessiones
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2678 habebant, de quibus poterant sufficienter providere Levitis, qui
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2679 carebant possessionibus; non autem interdicebatur eis quin de aliis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2680 operibus honestis lucrarentur, sicut et alii Iudaei. Sed populus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2681 novae legis est ubique per mundum diffusus, quorum plurimi
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2682 possessiones non habent, sed de aliquibus negotiis vivunt, qui
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2683 nihil conferrent ad subsidium ministrorum Dei, si de eorum negotiis
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2684 decimas non solverent. Ministris etiam novae legis arctius
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2685 interdicitur ne se ingerant negotiis lucrativis, secundum illud II
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2686 ad Tim. II, <i>nemo militans Deo implicat se saecularibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2687 negotiis</i>. Et ideo in nova lege tenentur homines ad decimas
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2688 personales, secundum consuetudinem patriae et indigentiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2689 ministrorum. Unde Augustinus dicit, et habetur XVI qu. I, cap.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2690 decimae, <i>de militia, de negotio et de artificio redde
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
2691 decimas</i>.</p><p title="II-II q. 87 a. 2 ad 2"><a name="42720"><span class="ref">[42720] IIª-IIae q. 87 a. 2 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2692 dicendum quod aliqua male acquiruntur dupliciter. Uno modo, quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2693 ipsa acquisitio est iniusta, puta quae acquiruntur per rapinam aut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2694 usuram, quae homo tenetur restituere, non autem de eis decimas
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2695 dare. Tamen si ager aliquis sit emptus de usura, de fructu eius
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2696 tenetur usurarius decimas dare, quia fructus illi non sunt ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2697 usura, sed ex Dei munere. Quaedam vero dicuntur male acquisita quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2698 acquiruntur ex turpi causa, sicut de meretricio, de histrionatu, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2699 aliis huiusmodi, quae non tenentur restituere. Unde de talibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2700 tenentur decimas dare secundum modum aliarum personalium decimarum.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2701 Tamen Ecclesia non debet eas recipere quandiu sunt in peccato, ne
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2702 videatur eorum peccatis communicare, sed postquam poenituerint,
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
2703 possunt ab eis de his recipi decimae.</p><p title="II-II q. 87 a. 2 ad 3"><a name="42721"><span class="ref">[42721] IIª-IIae q. 87 a. 2 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2704 dicendum quod ea quae ordinantur in finem sunt iudicanda secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2705 quod competunt fini. Decimarum autem solutio est debita non propter
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2706 se, sed propter ministros, quorum honestati non convenit ut etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2707 minima exacta diligentia requirant, hoc enim in vitium computatur,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2708 ut patet per philosophum, in IV Ethic. Et ideo lex vetus non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2709 determinavit ut de huiusmodi minutis rebus decimae dentur, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2710 relinquit hoc arbitrio dare volentium, quia minima quasi nihil
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2711 computantur. Unde Pharisaei, quasi perfectam legis iustitiam sibi
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2712 adscribentes, etiam de his minutis decimas solvebant. Nec de hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2713 reprehenduntur a domino, sed solum de hoc quod maiora, idest
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2714 spiritualia praecepta, contemnebant. Magis autem de hoc eos
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2715 secundum se commendabiles esse ostendit, dicens, haec oportuit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2716 facere, scilicet tempore legis, ut Chrysostomus exponit. Quod etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2717 videtur magis in quandam decentiam sonare quam in obligationem.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2718 Unde et nunc de huiusmodi minutis non tenentur homines decimas
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
2719 dare, nisi forte propter consuetudinem patriae.</p><p title="II-II q. 87 a. 2 ad 4"><a name="42722"><span class="ref">[42722] IIª-IIae q. 87 a. 2 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2720 dicendum quod de his quae furto vel rapina tolluntur ille a quo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2721 auferuntur decimas solvere non tenetur antequam recuperet, nisi
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2722 forte propter culpam vel negligentiam suam damnum incurrerit; quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2723 ex hoc Ecclesia non debet damnificari. Si vero vendat triticum non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2724 decimatum, potest Ecclesia decimas exigere et ab emptore, quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2725 habet rem Ecclesiae debitam; et a venditore, qui, quantum est de
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2726 se, fraudavit Ecclesiam. Uno tamen solvente, alius non tenetur.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2727 Debentur autem decimae de fructibus terrae inquantum proveniunt ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2728 divino munere. Et ideo decimae non cadunt sub tributo, nec etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2729 sunt obnoxiae mercedi operariorum. Et ideo non debent prius deduci
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2730 tributa et pretium operariorum quam solvantur decimae, sed ante
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2731 omnia debent decimae solvi ex integris fructibus.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 3</h3><p title="II-II q. 87 a. 3 arg. 1"><a name="42723"><span class="ref">[42723] IIª-IIae q. 87 a. 3 arg. 1</span></a> Ad tertium
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2732 sic proceditur. Videtur quod decimae non sint clericis dandae.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2733 Levitis enim in veteri testamento decimae dabantur quia non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2734 habebant aliquam partem in possessionibus populi, ut habetur Num.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2735 XVIII. Sed clerici in novo testamento habent possessiones, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2736 patrimoniales interdum, et ecclesiasticas. Recipiunt insuper
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2737 primitias, et oblationes pro vivis et mortuis. Superfluum igitur
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2738 est quod eis decimae dentur.</p><p title="II-II q. 87 a. 3 arg. 2"><a name="42724"><span class="ref">[42724] IIª-IIae q. 87 a. 3 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2739 contingit quandoque quod aliquis habet domicilium in una parochia,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2740 et colit agros in alia; vel aliquis pastor ducit gregem per unam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2741 partem anni in terminis unius parochiae, et alia parte anni in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2742 terminis alterius; vel habet ovile in una parochia, et pascit oves
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2743 in alia, in quibus et similibus casibus non videtur posse distingui
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2744 quibus clericis sint decimae solvendae. Ergo non videtur quod
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2745 aliquibus clericis determinate sint solvendae decimae.</p><p title="II-II q. 87 a. 3 arg. 3"><a name="42725"><span class="ref">[42725] IIª-IIae q. 87 a. 3 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2746 generalis consuetudo habet in quibusdam terris quod milites decimas
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2747 ab Ecclesia in feudum tenent. Religiosi etiam quidam decimas
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2748 accipiunt. Non ergo videtur quod solum clericis curam animarum
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
2749 habentibus decimae debentur.</p><p title="II-II q. 87 a. 3 s. c."><a name="42726"><span class="ref">[42726] IIª-IIae q. 87 a. 3 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2750 est quod dicitur Num. XVIII, <i>filiis levi dedi omnes decimas
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2751 Israel in possessionem, pro ministerio quo serviunt mihi in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2752 tabernaculo</i>. Sed filiis levi succedunt clerici in novo
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2753 testamento. Ergo solis clericis decimae debentur.</p><p title="II-II q. 87 a. 3 co."><a name="42727"><span class="ref">[42727] IIª-IIae q. 87 a. 3 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2754 dicendum quod circa decimas duo sunt consideranda, scilicet ipsum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2755 ius accipiendi decimas; et ipsae res quae nomine decimae dantur.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2756 Ius autem accipiendi decimas spirituale est, consequitur enim illud
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2757 debitum quo ministris altaris debentur sumptus de ministerio, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2758 quo seminantibus spiritualia debentur temporalia; quod ad solos
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2759 clericos pertinet habentes curam animarum. Et ideo eis solum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2760 competit hoc ius habere. Res autem quae nomine decimarum dantur,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2761 corporales sunt. Unde possunt in usum quorumlibet cedere. Et sic
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2762 possunt etiam ad laicos pervenire.</p><p title="II-II q. 87 a. 3 ad 1"><a name="42728"><span class="ref">[42728] IIª-IIae q. 87 a. 3 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2763 ergo dicendum quod in veteri lege, sicut dictum est, speciales
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2764 quaedam decimae deputabantur subventioni pauperum. Sed in nova lege
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2765 decimae clericis dantur non solum propter sui sustentationem, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2766 etiam ut ex eis subveniant pauperibus. Et ideo non superfluunt, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2767 ad hoc necessariae sunt et possessiones ecclesiasticae et
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2768 oblationes et primitiae, simul cum decimis.</p><p title="II-II q. 87 a. 3 ad 2"><a name="42729"><span class="ref">[42729] IIª-IIae q. 87 a. 3 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2769 dicendum quod decimae personales debentur Ecclesiae in cuius
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2770 parochia homo habitat. Decimae vero praediales rationabiliter magis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2771 videntur pertinere ad Ecclesiam in cuius terminis praedia sita
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2772 sunt. Tamen iura determinant quod in hoc servetur consuetudo diu
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2773 obtenta. Pastor autem qui diversis temporibus in duabus parochiis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2774 gregem pascit, debet proportionaliter utrique Ecclesiae decimas
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2775 solvere. Et quia ex pascuis fructus gregis proveniunt, magis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2776 debetur decima gregis Ecclesiae in cuius territorio grex pascitur,
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2777 quam illi in cuius territorio ovile locatur.</p><p title="II-II q. 87 a. 3 ad 3"><a name="42730"><span class="ref">[42730] IIª-IIae q. 87 a. 3 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2778 dicendum quod sicut res nomine decimae acceptas potest Ecclesia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2779 alicui laico tradere, ita etiam potest ei concedere ut dandas
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2780 decimas ipsi accipiant, iure accipiendi ministris Ecclesiae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2781 reservato, sive pro necessitate Ecclesiae, sicut quibusdam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2782 militibus decimae dicuntur in feudum per Ecclesiam concessae; sive
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2783 etiam ad subventionem pauperum, sicut quibusdam religiosis laicis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2784 vel non habentibus curam animarum aliquae decimae sunt concessae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2785 per modum eleemosynae. Quibusdam tamen religiosis competit accipere
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2786 decimas ex eo quod habent curam animarum.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 4</h3><p title="II-II q. 87 a. 4 arg. 1"><a name="42731"><span class="ref">[42731] IIª-IIae q. 87 a. 4 arg. 1</span></a> Ad quartum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2787 sic proceditur. Videtur quod etiam clerici teneantur decimas dare.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2788 Quia de iure communi Ecclesia parochialis debet recipere decimas
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2789 praediorum quae in territorio eius sunt. Contingit autem quandoque
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2790 quod clerici habent in territorio alicuius parochialis Ecclesiae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2791 aliqua praedia propria. Vel etiam aliqua alia Ecclesia habet ibi
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2792 possessiones ecclesiasticas. Ergo videtur quod clerici teneantur
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2793 dare praediales decimas.</p><p title="II-II q. 87 a. 4 arg. 2"><a name="42732"><span class="ref">[42732] IIª-IIae q. 87 a. 4 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2794 aliqui religiosi sunt clerici. Qui tamen tenentur dare decimas
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2795 Ecclesiis ratione praediorum quae etiam manibus propriis excolunt.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2796 Ergo videtur quod clerici non sint immunes a solutione
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2797 decimarum.</p><p title="II-II q. 87 a. 4 arg. 3"><a name="42733"><span class="ref">[42733] IIª-IIae q. 87 a. 4 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2798 sicut Num. XVIII praecipitur quod Levitae a populo decimas
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2799 accipiant, ita etiam praecipitur quod ipsi dent decimas summo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2800 sacerdoti. Ergo, qua ratione laici debent dare decimas clericis,
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2801 eadem ratione clerici debent dare decimas summo pontifici.</p><p title="II-II q. 87 a. 4 arg. 4"><a name="42734"><span class="ref">[42734] IIª-IIae q. 87 a. 4 arg. 4</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2802 sicut decimae debent cedere in sustentationem clericorum, ita etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2803 debent cedere in subventionem pauperum. Si ergo clerici excusantur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2804 a solutione decimarum, pari ratione excusantur et pauperes. Hoc
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2805 autem est falsum. Ergo et primum.</p><p title="II-II q. 87 a. 4 s. c."><a name="42735"><span class="ref">[42735] IIª-IIae q. 87 a. 4 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2806 est quod dicit decretalis paschalis Papae, <i>novum genus
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2807 exactionis est ut clerici a clericis decimas exigant</i>.</p><p title="II-II q. 87 a. 4 co."><a name="42736"><span class="ref">[42736] IIª-IIae q. 87 a. 4 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2808 dicendum quod idem non potest esse causa dandi et recipiendi, sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2809 nec causa agendi et patiendi, contingit autem ex diversis causis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2810 et respectu diversorum, eundem esse dantem et recipientem, sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2811 agentem et patientem. Clericis autem inquantum sunt ministri
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2812 altaris spiritualia populo seminantes, decimae a fidelibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2813 debentur. Unde tales clerici, inquantum clerici sunt, idest
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2814 inquantum possessiones habent ecclesiasticas, decimas solvere non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2815 tenentur. Ex alia vero causa, scilicet propter hoc quod possident
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2816 proprio iure, vel ex successione parentum, vel ex emptione, vel
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2817 quocumque huiusmodi modo, sunt ad decimas solvendas obligati.</p><p title="II-II q. 87 a. 4 ad 1"><a name="42737"><span class="ref">[42737] IIª-IIae q. 87 a. 4 ad 1</span></a> Unde patet
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2818 responsio ad primum. Quia clerici de propriis praediis tenentur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2819 solvere decimas parochiali Ecclesiae sicut et alii, etiam si ipsi
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2820 sint eiusdem Ecclesiae clerici, quia aliud est habere aliquid ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2821 proprium, aliud ut commune. Praedia vero Ecclesiae non sunt ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2822 decimas solvendas obligata, etiam si sint infra terminos alterius
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2823 parochiae.</p><p title="II-II q. 87 a. 4 ad 2"><a name="42738"><span class="ref">[42738] IIª-IIae q. 87 a. 4 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2824 dicendum quod religiosi qui sunt clerici, si habeant curam animarum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2825 spiritualia populo dispensantes, non tenentur decimas dare, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2826 possunt eas recipere. De aliis vero religiosis, etiam si sint
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2827 clerici, qui non dispensant populo spiritualia, est alia ratio.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2828 Ipsi enim tenentur de iure communi decimas dare, habent tamen
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2829 aliquam immunitatem secundum diversas concessiones eis a sede
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2830 apostolica factas.</p><p title="II-II q. 87 a. 4 ad 3"><a name="42739"><span class="ref">[42739] IIª-IIae q. 87 a. 4 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2831 dicendum quod in veteri lege primitiae debebantur sacerdotibus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2832 decimae autem Levitis, et quia sub sacerdotibus Levitae erant,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2833 dominus mandavit ut ipsi, loco primitiarum, solverent summo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2834 sacerdoti decimam decimae. Unde nunc, eadem ratione, tenentur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2835 clerici summo pontifici decimam dare, si exigeret. Naturalis enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2836 ratio dictat ut illi qui habet curam de communi multitudinis statu,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2837 provideatur unde possit exequi ea quae pertinent ad communem
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2838 salutem.</p><p title="II-II q. 87 a. 4 ad 4"><a name="42740"><span class="ref">[42740] IIª-IIae q. 87 a. 4 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2839 dicendum quod decimae debent cedere in subventionem pauperum per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2840 dispensationem clericorum. Et ideo pauperes non habent causam
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2841 accipiendi decimas, sed tenentur eas dare.</p></div></div><div class="q" id="q88"><h2>Quaestio 88</h2><div class="p"><h3>Prooemium</h3><p title="II-II q. 88 pr."><a name="42741"><span class="ref">[42741] IIª-IIae q. 88 pr.</span></a> Deinde
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2842 considerandum est de voto, per quod aliquid Deo promittitur. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2843 circa hoc quaeruntur duodecim. Primo, quid sit votum. Secundo, quid
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2844 cadat sub voto. Tertio, de obligatione voti. Quarto, de utilitate
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2845 vovendi. Quinto, cuius virtutis sit actus. Sexto, utrum magis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2846 meritorium sit facere aliquid ex voto quam sine voto. Septimo, de
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2847 solemnitate voti. Octavo, utrum possint vovere qui sunt potestati
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2848 alterius subiecti. Nono, utrum pueri possint voto obligari ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2849 religionis ingressum. Decimo, utrum votum sit dispensabile vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2850 commutabile. Undecimo, utrum in solemni voto continentiae possit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2851 dispensari. Duodecimo, utrum requiratur in dispensatione voti
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2852 superioris auctoritas.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 1</h3><p title="II-II q. 88 a. 1 arg. 1"><a name="42742"><span class="ref">[42742] IIª-IIae q. 88 a. 1 arg. 1</span></a> Ad primum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2853 sic proceditur. Videtur quod votum consistat in solo proposito
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2854 voluntatis. Quia secundum quosdam, <i>votum est conceptio boni
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2855 propositi, animi deliberatione firmata, qua quis ad aliquid
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2856 faciendum vel non faciendum se Deo obligat</i>. Sed conceptio boni
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2857 propositi, cum omnibus quae adduntur, potest in solo motu
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2858 voluntatis consistere. Ergo votum in solo proposito voluntatis
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2859 consistit.</p><p title="II-II q. 88 a. 1 arg. 2"><a name="42743"><span class="ref">[42743] IIª-IIae q. 88 a. 1 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2860 ipsum nomen voti videtur a voluntate assumptum, dicitur enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2861 aliquis proprio voto facere quae voluntarie facit. Sed propositum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2862 est actus voluntatis, promissio autem rationis. Ergo votum in solo
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2863 actu voluntatis consistit.</p><p title="II-II q. 88 a. 1 arg. 3"><a name="42744"><span class="ref">[42744] IIª-IIae q. 88 a. 1 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2864 dominus dicit, Luc. IX, <i>nemo mittens manum ad aratrum et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2865 aspiciens retro aptus est regno Dei</i>. Sed aliquis ex hoc ipso
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2866 quod habet propositum bene faciendi mittit manum ad aratrum. Ergo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2867 si aspiciat retro, desistens a bono proposito, non est aptus regno
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2868 Dei. Ex solo igitur bono proposito aliquis obligatur apud Deum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2869 etiam nulla promissione facta. Et ita videtur quod in solo
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2870 proposito voluntatis votum consistat.</p><p title="II-II q. 88 a. 1 s. c."><a name="42745"><span class="ref">[42745] IIª-IIae q. 88 a. 1 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2871 est quod dicitur Eccle. V, <i>si quid vovisti Deo, ne moreris
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2872 reddere, displicet enim ei infidelis et stulta promissio</i>. Ergo
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2873 vovere est promittere, et votum est promissio.</p><p title="II-II q. 88 a. 1 co."><a name="42746"><span class="ref">[42746] IIª-IIae q. 88 a. 1 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2874 dicendum quod votum quandam obligationem importat ad aliquid
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2875 faciendum vel dimittendum. Obligat autem homo se homini ad aliquid
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2876 per modum promissionis, quae est rationis actus, ad quam pertinet
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2877 ordinare, sicut enim homo imperando vel deprecando ordinat
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2878 quodammodo quid sibi ab aliis fiat, ita promittendo ordinat quid
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2879 ipse pro alio facere debeat. Sed promissio quae ab homine fit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2880 homini, non potest fieri nisi per verba vel quaecumque exteriora
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2881 signa. Deo autem potest fieri promissio per solam interiorem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2882 cogitationem, quia ut dicitur I Reg. XVI, <i>homines vident ea quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2883 parent, sed Deus intuetur cor</i>. Exprimuntur tamen quandoque
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2884 verba exteriora vel ad sui ipsius excitationem, sicut circa
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2885 orationem dictum est, vel ad alios contestandum, ut non solum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2886 desistat a fractione voti propter timorem Dei, sed etiam propter
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2887 reverentiam hominum. Promissio autem procedit ex proposito
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2888 faciendi. Propositum autem aliquam deliberationem praeexigit, cum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2889 sit actus voluntatis deliberatae. Sic igitur ad votum tria ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2890 necessitate requiruntur, primo quidem, deliberatio; secundo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2891 propositum voluntatis; tertio, promissio, in qua perficitur ratio
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2892 voti. Superadduntur vero quandoque et alia duo, ad quandam voti
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2893 confirmationem, scilicet pronuntiatio oris, secundum illud Psalm.,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2894 <i>reddam tibi vota mea, quae distinxerunt labia mea</i>; et iterum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2895 testimonium aliorum. Unde Magister dicit, XXXVIII dist. IV Lib.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2896 Sent., quod votum est testificatio quaedam promissionis spontaneae,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2897 quae Deo et de his quae sunt Dei fieri debet, quamvis testificatio
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2898 possit ad interiorem testificationem proprie referri.</p><p title="II-II q. 88 a. 1 ad 1"><a name="42747"><span class="ref">[42747] IIª-IIae q. 88 a. 1 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2899 ergo dicendum quod conceptio boni propositi non firmatur ex animi
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2900 deliberatione nisi promissione deliberationem consequente.</p><p title="II-II q. 88 a. 1 ad 2"><a name="42748"><span class="ref">[42748] IIª-IIae q. 88 a. 1 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2901 dicendum quod voluntas movet rationem ad promittendum aliquid circa
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2902 ea quae eius voluntati subduntur. Et pro tanto votum a voluntate
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2903 accepit nomen quasi a primo movente.</p><p title="II-II q. 88 a. 1 ad 3"><a name="42749"><span class="ref">[42749] IIª-IIae q. 88 a. 1 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2904 dicendum quod ille qui mittit manum ad aratrum iam facit aliquid.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2905 Sed ille qui solum proponit nondum aliquid facit. Sed quando
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2906 promittit, iam incipit se exhibere ad faciendum, licet nondum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2907 impleat quod promittit, sicut ille qui ponit manum ad aratrum
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2908 nondum arat, iam tamen apponit manum ad arandum.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 2</h3><p title="II-II q. 88 a. 2 arg. 1"><a name="42750"><span class="ref">[42750] IIª-IIae q. 88 a. 2 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2909 secundum sic proceditur. Videtur quod votum non semper debeat fieri
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2910 de meliori bono. Dicitur enim melius bonum quod ad supererogationem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2911 pertinet. Sed votum non solum fit de his quae sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2912 supererogationis, sed etiam de his quae pertinent ad salutem. Nam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2913 et <i>in Baptismo vovent homines abrenuntiare Diabolo et pompis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2914 eius, et fidem servare</i>, ut dicit Glossa, super illud Psalm.,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2915 <i>vovete et reddite domino Deo vestro</i>. Iacob etiam vovit quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2916 esset ei dominus in Deum, ut habetur Gen. XXVIII, hoc autem est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2917 maxime de necessitate salutis. Ergo votum non solum fit de meliori
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2918 bono.</p><p title="II-II q. 88 a. 2 arg. 2"><a name="42751"><span class="ref">[42751] IIª-IIae q. 88 a. 2 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2919 Iephte in catalogo sanctorum ponitur, ut patet Heb. XI. Sed ipse
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2920 filiam innocentem occidit propter votum, ut habetur Iudic. XI. Cum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2921 igitur occisio innocentis non sit melius bonum, sed sit secundum se
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2922 illicitum, videtur quod votum fieri possit non solum de meliori
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2923 bono, sed etiam de illicitis.</p><p title="II-II q. 88 a. 2 arg. 3"><a name="42752"><span class="ref">[42752] IIª-IIae q. 88 a. 2 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2924 ea quae redundant in detrimentum personae, vel quae ad nihil sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2925 utilia, non habent rationem melioris boni. Sed quandoque fiunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2926 aliqua vota de immoderatis vigiliis et ieiuniis, quae vergunt in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2927 periculum personae. Quandoque etiam fiunt aliqua vota de aliquibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2928 indifferentibus et ad nihil valentibus. Ergo non semper votum est
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2929 melioris boni.</p><p title="II-II q. 88 a. 2 s. c."><a name="42753"><span class="ref">[42753] IIª-IIae q. 88 a. 2 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2930 est quod dicitur Deut. XXIII, <i>si nolueris polliceri, absque
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2931 peccato eris</i>.</p><p title="II-II q. 88 a. 2 co."><a name="42754"><span class="ref">[42754] IIª-IIae q. 88 a. 2 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2932 dicendum quod, sicut dictum est, votum est promissio Deo facta.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2933 Promissio autem est alicuius quod quis pro aliquo voluntarie facit.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2934 Non enim esset promissio, sed comminatio, si quis diceret se contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2935 aliquem facturum. Similiter vana esset promissio si aliquis alicui
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2936 promitteret id quod ei non esset acceptum. Et ideo, cum omne
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2937 peccatum sit contra Deum; nec aliquod opus sit Deo acceptum nisi
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2938 sit virtuosum, consequens est quod de nullo illicito, nec de aliquo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2939 indifferenti debeat fieri votum, sed solum de aliquo actu virtutis.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2940 Sed quia votum promissionem voluntariam importat, necessitas autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2941 voluntatem excludit, id quod est absolute necessarium esse vel non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2942 esse nullo modo cadit sub voto, stultum enim esset si quis voveret
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2943 se esse moriturum, vel se non esse volaturum. Illud vero quod non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2944 habet absolutam necessitatem, sed necessitatem finis, puta quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2945 sine eo non potest esse salus, cadit quidem sub voto inquantum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2946 voluntarie fit, non autem inquantum est necessitatis. Illud autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2947 quod neque cadit sub necessitate absoluta neque sub necessitate
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2948 finis, omnino est voluntarium. Et ideo hoc propriissime cadit sub
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2949 voto. Hoc autem dicitur esse maius bonum in comparatione ad bonum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2950 quod communiter est de necessitate salutis. Et ideo, proprie
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2951 loquendo, votum dicitur esse de bono meliori.</p><p title="II-II q. 88 a. 2 ad 1"><a name="42755"><span class="ref">[42755] IIª-IIae q. 88 a. 2 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2952 ergo dicendum quod hoc modo sub voto baptizatorum cadit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2953 abrenuntiare pompis Diaboli et fidem Christi servare, quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2954 voluntarie fit, licet sit de necessitate salutis. Et similiter
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2955 potest dici de voto Iacob. Quamvis etiam possit intelligi quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2956 Iacob vovit se habere dominum in Deum per specialem cultum, ad quem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2957 non tenebatur, sicut per decimarum oblationem, et alia huiusmodi
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
2958 quae ibi subduntur.</p><p title="II-II q. 88 a. 2 ad 2"><a name="42756"><span class="ref">[42756] IIª-IIae q. 88 a. 2 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
2959 dicendum quod quaedam sunt quae in omnem eventum sunt bona, sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2960 opera virtutis et alia quae absolute possunt cadere sub voto.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2961 Quaedam vero in omnem eventum sunt mala, sicut ea quae secundum se
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2962 sunt peccata. Et haec nullo modo possunt sub voto cadere. Quaedam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2963 vero sunt quidem in se considerata bona, et secundum hoc possunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2964 cadere sub voto, possunt tamen habere malum eventum, in quo non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2965 sunt observanda. Et sic accidit in voto Iephte, qui ut dicitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2966 Iudic. XI, <i>votum vovit domino, dicens, si tradideris filios
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2967 Ammon in manus meas, quicumque primus egressus fuerit de foribus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2968 domus meae mihique occurrerit revertenti in pace, eum offeram
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2969 holocaustum domino</i>. Hoc enim poterat malum eventum habere, si
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2970 occurreret ei aliquod animal non immolativum, sicut asinus vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2971 homo, quod et accidit. Unde, ut Hieronymus dicit, in vovendo fuit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2972 stultus, quia discretionem non adhibuit, et in reddendo impius.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2973 Praemittitur tamen ibidem quod factus est super eum spiritus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2974 domini, quia fides et devotio ipsius, ex qua motus est ad vovendum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2975 fuit a spiritu sancto. Propter quod ponitur in catalogo sanctorum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2976 et propter victoriam quam obtinuit; et quia probabile est eum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2977 poenituisse de facto iniquo, quod tamen aliquod bonum
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2978 figurabat.</p><p title="II-II q. 88 a. 2 ad 3"><a name="42757"><span class="ref">[42757] IIª-IIae q. 88 a. 2 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2979 dicendum quod maceratio proprii corporis, puta per vigilias et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2980 ieiunia, non est Deo accepta nisi inquantum est opus virtutis, quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2981 quidem est inquantum cum debita discretione fit, ut scilicet
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2982 concupiscentia refrenetur et natura non nimis gravetur. Et sub tali
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2983 tenore possunt huiusmodi sub voto cadere. Propter quod et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2984 apostolus, Rom. XII, postquam dixerat, <i>exhibeatis corpora vestra
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2985 hostiam viventem, sanctam, Deo placentem</i>, addidit,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2986 <i>rationabile obsequium vestrum</i>. Sed quia in his quae ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2987 seipsum pertinent de facili fallitur homo in iudicando, talia vota
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2988 congruentius secundum arbitrium superioris sunt vel servanda vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2989 praetermittenda. Ita tamen quod si ex observatione talis voti
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2990 magnum et manifestum gravamen sentiret, et non esset facultas ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2991 superiorem recurrendi, non debet homo tale votum servare. Vota vero
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2992 quae sunt de rebus vanis et inutilibus sunt magis deridenda quam
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
2993 servanda.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 3</h3><p title="II-II q. 88 a. 3 arg. 1"><a name="42758"><span class="ref">[42758] IIª-IIae q. 88 a. 3 arg. 1</span></a> Ad tertium
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2994 sic proceditur. Videtur quod non omne votum obliget ad sui
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2995 observationem. Homo enim magis indiget his quae per alium hominem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2996 fiunt quam Deus, qui bonorum nostrorum non eget. Sed promissio
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2997 simplex homini facta non obligat ad servandum, secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2998 institutionem legis humanae, quod videtur esse institutum propter
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
2999 mutabilitatem humanae voluntatis. Ergo multo minus simplex
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3000 promissio Deo facta, quae dicitur votum, obligat ad
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3001 observandum.</p><p title="II-II q. 88 a. 3 arg. 2"><a name="42759"><span class="ref">[42759] IIª-IIae q. 88 a. 3 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3002 nullus obligatur ad impossibile. Sed quandoque illud quod quis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3003 vovit fit ei impossibile, vel quia dependet ex alieno arbitrio,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3004 sicut cum quis vovet aliquod monasterium intrare cuius monachi eum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3005 nolunt recipere; vel propter emergentem defectum, sicut mulier quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3006 vovit virginitatem servare et postea corrumpitur, vel vir qui vovet
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3007 pecuniam dare et postea amittit pecuniam. Ergo non semper votum est
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3008 obligatorium.</p><p title="II-II q. 88 a. 3 arg. 3"><a name="42760"><span class="ref">[42760] IIª-IIae q. 88 a. 3 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3009 illud ad cuius solutionem est aliquis obligatus, statim solvere
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3010 tenetur. Sed aliquis non statim solvere tenetur illud quod vovit,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3011 praecipue cum sub conditione futura vovet. Ergo votum non semper
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3012 est obligatorium.</p><p title="II-II q. 88 a. 3 s. c."><a name="42761"><span class="ref">[42761] IIª-IIae q. 88 a. 3 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3013 est quod dicitur Eccle. V, <i>quodcumque voveris, redde. Multoque
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3014 melius est non vovere quam post votum promissa non reddere</i>.</p><p title="II-II q. 88 a. 3 co."><a name="42762"><span class="ref">[42762] IIª-IIae q. 88 a. 3 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3015 dicendum quod ad fidelitatem hominis pertinet ut solvat id quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3016 promisit, unde secundum Augustinum, fides dicitur ex hoc quod fiunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3017 dicta. Maxime autem debet homo Deo fidelitatem, tum ratione
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3018 dominii; tum etiam ratione beneficii suscepti. Et ideo maxime
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3019 obligatur homo ad hoc quod impleat vota Deo facta, hoc enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3020 pertinet ad fidelitatem quam homo debet Deo, fractio autem voti est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3021 quaedam infidelitatis species. Unde Salomon rationem assignat quare
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3022 sint vota reddenda. Quia displicet Deo infidelis promissio.</p><p title="II-II q. 88 a. 3 ad 1"><a name="42763"><span class="ref">[42763] IIª-IIae q. 88 a. 3 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3023 ergo dicendum quod secundum honestatem ex qualibet promissione homo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3024 homini obligatur, et haec est obligatio iuris naturalis. Sed ad hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3025 quod aliquis obligetur ex aliqua promissione obligatione civili,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3026 quaedam alia requiruntur. Deus autem etsi bonis nostris non egeat,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3027 ei tamen maxime obligamur. Et ita votum ei factum est maxime
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3028 obligatorium.</p><p title="II-II q. 88 a. 3 ad 2"><a name="42764"><span class="ref">[42764] IIª-IIae q. 88 a. 3 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3029 dicendum quod si illud quod quis vovit ex quacumque causa
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3030 impossibile reddatur, debet homo facere quod in se est, ut saltem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3031 habeat promptam voluntatem faciendi quod potest. Unde ille qui
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3032 vovit monasterium aliquod intrare debet dare operam quam potest ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3033 ibi recipiatur. Et si quidem intentio sua fuit se obligare ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3034 religionis ingressum principaliter, et ex consequenti elegit hanc
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3035 religionem vel hunc locum quasi sibi magis congruentem, tenetur, si
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3036 non potest ibi recipi, aliam religionem intrare. Si autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3037 principaliter intendit se obligare ad hanc religionem vel ad hunc
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3038 locum, propter specialem complacentiam huius religionis vel loci,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3039 non tenetur aliam religionem intrare si illi eum recipere nolunt.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3040 Si vero incidit in impossibilitatem implendi votum ex propria
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3041 culpa, tenetur insuper de propria culpa praeterita poenitentiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3042 agere. Sicut mulier quae vovit virginitatem, si postea corrumpatur,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3043 non solum debet servare quod potest, scilicet perpetuam
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3044 continentiam, sed etiam de eo quod admisit peccando poenitere.</p><p title="II-II q. 88 a. 3 ad 3"><a name="42765"><span class="ref">[42765] IIª-IIae q. 88 a. 3 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3045 dicendum quod obligatio voti ex propria voluntate et intentione
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3046 causatur, unde dicitur Deut. XXIII, quod <i>semel egressum est de
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3047 labiis tuis, observabis, et facies sicut promisisti domino Deo tuo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3048 et propria voluntate et ore tuo locutus es</i>. Et ideo si in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3049 intentione et voluntate voventis est obligare se ad statim
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3050 solvendum, tenetur statim solvere. Si autem ad certum tempus, vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3051 sub certa conditione, non tenetur statim solvere. Sed nec debet
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3052 tardare ultra quam intendit se obligare, dicitur enim ibidem,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3053 <i>cum votum voveris domino Deo tuo, non tardabis reddere, quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3054 requiret illud dominus Deus tuus; et si moratus fueris, reputabitur
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3055 tibi in peccatum</i>.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 4</h3><p title="II-II q. 88 a. 4 arg. 1"><a name="42766"><span class="ref">[42766] IIª-IIae q. 88 a. 4 arg. 1</span></a> Ad quartum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3056 sic proceditur. Videtur quod non expediat aliquid vovere. Non enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3057 alicui expedit ut privet se bono quod ei Deus donavit. Sed libertas
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3058 est unum de maximis bonis quae homini Deus dedit, qua videtur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3059 privari per necessitatem quam votum imponit. Ergo non videtur
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3060 expediens homini quod aliquid voveat.</p><p title="II-II q. 88 a. 4 arg. 2"><a name="42767"><span class="ref">[42767] IIª-IIae q. 88 a. 4 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3061 nullus debet se periculis iniicere. Sed quicumque vovet se periculo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3062 iniicit, quia quod ante votum sine periculo poterat praeteriri, si
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3063 non servetur post votum, periculosum est. Unde Augustinus dicit, in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3064 epistola ad Armentarium et Paulinam, <i>quia iam vovisti, iam te
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3065 obstrinxisti, aliud tibi facere non licet. Non talis eris si non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3066 feceris quod vovisti, qualis mansisses si nihil tale vovisses.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3067 Minor enim tunc esses, non peior. Modo autem, tanto, quod absit,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3068 miserior si fidem Deo fregeris, quanto beatior si persolveris</i>.
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3069 Ergo non expedit aliquid vovere.</p><p title="II-II q. 88 a. 4 arg. 3"><a name="42768"><span class="ref">[42768] IIª-IIae q. 88 a. 4 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3070 apostolus dicit, I ad Cor. IV, <i>imitatores mei estote, sicut et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3071 ego Christi</i>. Sed non legitur neque Christum aliquid vovisse,
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3072 nec apostolos. Ergo videtur quod non expediat aliquid vovere.</p><p title="II-II q. 88 a. 4 s. c."><a name="42769"><span class="ref">[42769] IIª-IIae q. 88 a. 4 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3073 est quod dicitur in Psalm., <i>vovete et reddite domino Deo
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3074 vestro</i>.</p><p title="II-II q. 88 a. 4 co."><a name="42770"><span class="ref">[42770] IIª-IIae q. 88 a. 4 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3075 dicendum quod, sicut dictum est, votum est promissio Deo facta.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3076 Alia autem ratione promittitur aliquid homini, et alia ratione Deo.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3077 Homini quidem promittimus aliquid propter eius utilitatem, cui
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3078 utile est et quod ei aliquid exhibeamus, et quod eum de futura
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3079 exhibitione prius certificemus. Sed promissionem Deo facimus non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3080 propter eius utilitatem, sed propter nostram. Unde Augustinus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3081 dicit, in praedicta epistola, <i>benignus exactor est, non egenus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3082 et qui non crescat ex redditis, sed in se crescere faciat
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3083 redditores</i>. Et sicut id quod damus Deo non est ei utile, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3084 nobis, quia quod ei redditur reddenti additur, ut Augustinus ibidem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3085 dicit; ita etiam promissio qua Deo aliquid vovemus, non cedit in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3086 eius utilitatem, qui a nobis certificari non indiget; sed ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3087 utilitatem nostram, inquantum vovendo voluntatem nostram
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3088 immobiliter firmamus ad id quod expedit facere. Et ideo expediens
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3089 est vovere.</p><p title="II-II q. 88 a. 4 ad 1"><a name="42771"><span class="ref">[42771] IIª-IIae q. 88 a. 4 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3090 ergo dicendum quod sicut non posse peccare non diminuit libertatem,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3091 ita etiam necessitas firmatae voluntatis in bonum non diminuit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3092 libertatem, ut patet in Deo et in beatis. Et talis est necessitas
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3093 voti, similitudinem quandam habens cum confirmatione beatorum. Unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3094 Augustinus in eadem epistola dicit quod <i>felix necessitas est
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3095 quae in meliora compellit</i>.</p><p title="II-II q. 88 a. 4 ad 2"><a name="42772"><span class="ref">[42772] IIª-IIae q. 88 a. 4 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3096 dicendum quod quando periculum nascitur ex ipso facto, tunc illud
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3097 factum non est expediens, puta quod aliquis per pontem ruinosum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3098 transeat fluvium. Sed si periculum immineat ex hoc quod homo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3099 deficit ab illo facto, non desinit propter hoc esse expediens,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3100 sicut expediens est ascendere equum, quamvis periculum immineat
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3101 cadenti de equo. Alioquin oporteret ab omnibus bonis cessare quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3102 per accidens ex aliquo eventu possunt esse periculosa. Unde dicitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3103 Eccle. XI, <i>qui observat ventum non seminat, et qui considerat
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3104 nubes nunquam metet</i>. Periculum autem voventi non imminet ex
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3105 ipso voto, sed ex culpa hominis, qui voluntatem mutat transgrediens
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3106 votum. Unde Augustinus dicit in eadem epistola, <i>non te vovisse
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3107 poeniteat. Immo gaude iam tibi sic non licere quod cum tuo
53
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diff changeset
3108 detrimento licuisset</i>.</p><p title="II-II q. 88 a. 4 ad 3"><a name="42773"><span class="ref">[42773] IIª-IIae q. 88 a. 4 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3109 dicendum quod Christo secundum se non competebat vovere. Tum quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3110 Deus erat. Tum etiam quia, inquantum homo, habebat firmatam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3111 voluntatem in bono, quasi comprehensor existens. Quamvis per
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3112 quandam similitudinem ex persona eius dicatur in Psalm., secundum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3113 Glossam, <i>vota mea reddam in conspectu timentium eum</i>,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3114 loquitur autem pro corpore suo, quod est Ecclesia. Apostoli autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3115 intelliguntur vovisse pertinentia ad perfectionis statum quando
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
3116 Christum, relictis omnibus, sunt secuti.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 5</h3><p title="II-II q. 88 a. 5 arg. 1"><a name="42774"><span class="ref">[42774] IIª-IIae q. 88 a. 5 arg. 1</span></a> Ad quintum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3117 sic proceditur. Videtur quod votum non sit actus latriae sive
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3118 religionis. Omne enim opus virtutis cadit sub voto. Sed ad eandem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3119 virtutem pertinere videtur promittere aliquid et facere illud. Ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3120 votum pertinet ad quamlibet virtutem, et non specialiter ad
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
3121 religionem.</p><p title="II-II q. 88 a. 5 arg. 2"><a name="42775"><span class="ref">[42775] IIª-IIae q. 88 a. 5 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3122 secundum Tullium, ad religionem pertinet cultum et caeremoniam Deo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3123 offerre. Sed ille qui vovet nondum aliquid Deo offert, sed solum
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
3124 promittit. Ergo votum non est actus religionis.</p><p title="II-II q. 88 a. 5 arg. 3"><a name="42776"><span class="ref">[42776] IIª-IIae q. 88 a. 5 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3125 cultus religionis non debet exhiberi nisi Deo. Sed votum non solum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3126 fit Deo, sed etiam sanctis et praelatis, quibus religiosi
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3127 profitentes obedientiam vovent. Ergo votum non est religionis
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
3128 actus.</p><p title="II-II q. 88 a. 5 s. c."><a name="42777"><span class="ref">[42777] IIª-IIae q. 88 a. 5 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3129 est quod dicitur Isaiae XIX, <i>colent eum in hostiis et muneribus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3130 et vota vovebunt domino et solvent</i>. Sed colere Deum est proprie
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3131 religionis sive latriae. Ergo votum est actus latriae sive
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
3132 religionis.</p><p title="II-II q. 88 a. 5 co."><a name="42778"><span class="ref">[42778] IIª-IIae q. 88 a. 5 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3133 dicendum quod, sicut supra dictum est, omne opus virtutis ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3134 religionem seu latriam pertinet per modum imperii, secundum quod ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3135 divinam reverentiam ordinatur, quod est proprius finis latriae.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3136 Ordinare autem alios actus in manifestum est autem ex praedictis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3137 quod votum est quaedam imperatas. Et ideo ipsa ordinatio actuum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3138 cuiuscumque virtutis in servitium Dei est proprius actus latriae.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3139 Manifestum est autem ex praedictis quod votum est quaedam promissio
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3140 Deo facta, et quod promissio nihil est aliud quam ordinatio quaedam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3141 eius quod promittitur in eum cui promittitur. Unde votum est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3142 ordinatio quaedam eorum quae quis vovet in divinum cultum seu
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3143 obsequium. Et sic patet quod vovere proprie est actus latriae seu
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
3144 religionis.</p><p title="II-II q. 88 a. 5 ad 1"><a name="42779"><span class="ref">[42779] IIª-IIae q. 88 a. 5 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3145 ergo dicendum quod illud quod cadit sub voto quandoque quidem est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3146 actus alterius virtutis, sicut ieiunare, continentiam servare;
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3147 quandoque vero est actus religionis, sicut sacrificium offerre vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3148 orare. Utrorumque tamen promissio Deo facta ad religionem pertinet,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3149 ratione iam dicta. Unde patet quod votorum quoddam pertinet ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3150 religionem ratione solius promissionis Deo factae, quae est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3151 essentia voti, quandoque etiam ratione rei promissae, quae est voti
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
3152 materia.</p><p title="II-II q. 88 a. 5 ad 2"><a name="42780"><span class="ref">[42780] IIª-IIae q. 88 a. 5 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3153 dicendum quod ille qui promittit, inquantum se obligat ad dandum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3154 iam quodammodo dat, sicut dicitur fieri aliquid cum fit causa eius,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3155 quia effectus virtute continetur in causa. Et inde est quod non
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3156 solum danti, sed etiam promittenti gratiae aguntur.</p><p title="II-II q. 88 a. 5 ad 3"><a name="42781"><span class="ref">[42781] IIª-IIae q. 88 a. 5 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3157 dicendum quod votum soli Deo fit, sed promissio potest etiam fieri
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3158 homini, et ipsa promissio boni quae fit homini potest cadere sub
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3159 voto, inquantum est quoddam opus virtuosum. Et per hunc modum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3160 intelligendum est votum quo quis vovet aliquid sanctis vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3161 praelatis, ut ipsa promissio facta sanctis vel praelatis cadat sub
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3162 voto materialiter, inquantum scilicet homo vovet Deo se impleturum
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
3163 quod sanctis vel praelatis promittit.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 6</h3><p title="II-II q. 88 a. 6 arg. 1"><a name="42782"><span class="ref">[42782] IIª-IIae q. 88 a. 6 arg. 1</span></a> Ad sextum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3164 sic proceditur. Videtur quod magis sit laudabile et meritorium
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3165 facere aliquid sine voto quam cum voto. Dicit enim prosper, in II
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3166 de vita Contempl., sic <i>abstinere vel ieiunare debemus ut non nos
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3167 necessitati ieiunandi subdamus, ne iam non devoti, sed inviti rem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3168 voluntariam faciamus</i>. Sed ille qui vovet ieiunium subdit se
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3169 necessitati ieiunandi. Ergo melius esset si ieiunaret sine
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3170 voto.</p><p title="II-II q. 88 a. 6 arg. 2"><a name="42783"><span class="ref">[42783] IIª-IIae q. 88 a. 6 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3171 apostolus dicit, II Cor. IX, <i>unusquisque prout destinavit in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3172 corde suo, non ex tristitia aut ex necessitate, hilarem enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3173 datorem diligit Deus</i>. Sed quidam ea quae vovent ex tristitia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3174 faciunt, et hoc videtur procedere ex necessitate quam votum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3175 imponit, quia necessitas contristans est, ut dicitur V Metaphys.
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3176 Ergo melius est aliquid facere sine voto quam cum voto.</p><p title="II-II q. 88 a. 6 arg. 3"><a name="42784"><span class="ref">[42784] IIª-IIae q. 88 a. 6 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3177 votum necessarium est ad hoc quod firmetur voluntas hominis ad rem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3178 quam vovet, ut supra habitum est. Sed non magis potest firmari
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3179 voluntas ad aliquid faciendum quam cum actu facit illud. Ergo non
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3180 melius est facere aliquid cum voto quam sine voto.</p><p title="II-II q. 88 a. 6 s. c."><a name="42785"><span class="ref">[42785] IIª-IIae q. 88 a. 6 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3181 est quod super illud Psalm., vovete et reddite, dicit Glossa,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3182 vovere voluntati consulitur. Sed consilium non est nisi de meliori
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3183 bono. Ergo melius est facere aliquod melius opus ex voto quam sine
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3184 voto, quia qui facit sine voto, implet tantum unum consilium,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3185 scilicet de faciendo; qui autem facit cum voto, implet duo
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3186 consilia, scilicet et vovendo et faciendo.</p><p title="II-II q. 88 a. 6 co."><a name="42786"><span class="ref">[42786] IIª-IIae q. 88 a. 6 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3187 dicendum quod triplici ratione facere idem opus cum voto est melius
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3188 et magis meritorium quam facere sine voto. Primo quidem, quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3189 vovere, sicut dictum est, est actus latriae, quae est praecipua
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3190 inter virtutes morales. Nobilioris autem virtutis est opus melius
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3191 et magis meritorium. Unde actus inferioris virtutis est melior et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3192 magis meritorius ex hoc quod imperatur a superiori virtute, cuius
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3193 actus fit per imperium, sicut actus fidei vel spei melior est si
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3194 imperetur a caritate. Et ideo actus aliarum virtutum moralium, puta
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3195 ieiunare, quod est actus abstinentiae, et continere, quod est actus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3196 castitatis, sunt meliora et magis meritoria si fiant ex voto, quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3197 sic iam pertinent ad divinum cultum, quasi quaedam Dei sacrificia.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3198 Unde Augustinus dicit, in libro de virginitate, quod <i>neque ipsa
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3199 virginitas quia virginitas est, sed quia Deo dicata est, honoratur;
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3200 quam fovet et servat continentia pietatis</i>. Secundo, quia ille
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3201 qui vovet aliquid et facit, plus se Deo subiicit quam ille qui
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3202 solum facit. Subiicit enim se Deo non solum quantum ad actum sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3203 etiam quantum ad potestatem, quia de cetero, non potest aliud
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3204 facere, sicut plus daret homini qui daret ei arborem cum fructibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3205 quam qui daret ei fructus tantum, ut dicit Anselmus, in libro de
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3206 Similitud. Et inde est quod etiam promittentibus gratiae aguntur,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3207 ut dictum est. Tertio, quia per votum immobiliter voluntas firmatur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3208 in bonum. Facere autem aliquid ex voluntate firmata in bonum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3209 pertinet ad perfectionem virtutis, ut patet per philosophum, in II
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3210 Ethic., sicut etiam peccare mente obstinata aggravat peccatum, et
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
3211 dicitur peccatum in spiritum sanctum, ut supra dictum est.</p><p title="II-II q. 88 a. 6 ad 1"><a name="42787"><span class="ref">[42787] IIª-IIae q. 88 a. 6 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3212 ergo dicendum quod auctoritas illa est intelligenda de necessitate
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3213 coactionis, quae involuntarium causat et devotionem excludit. Unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3214 signanter dicit, <i>ne iam non devoti, sed inviti rem voluntariam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3215 faciamus</i>. Necessitas autem voti est per immutabilitatem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3216 voluntatis, unde et voluntatem confirmat et devotionem auget. Et
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3217 ideo ratio non sequitur.</p><p title="II-II q. 88 a. 6 ad 2"><a name="42788"><span class="ref">[42788] IIª-IIae q. 88 a. 6 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3218 dicendum quod necessitas coactionis, inquantum est contraria
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3219 voluntati, tristitiam causat, secundum philosophum. Necessitas
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3220 autem voti in his qui sunt bene dispositi, inquantum voluntatem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3221 confirmat, non causat tristitiam, sed gaudium. Unde Augustinus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3222 dicit, in epistola ad Armentarium et Paulinam, <i>non te vovisse
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3223 poeniteat, immo gaude iam tibi sic non licere quod cum tuo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3224 detrimento licuisset</i>. Si tamen ipsum opus, secundum se
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3225 consideratum, triste et involuntarium redderetur post votum, dum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3226 tamen remaneat voluntas votum implendi, adhuc est magis meritorium
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3227 quam si fieret sine voto, quia impletio voti est actus religionis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3228 quae est potior virtus quam abstinentia, cuius actus est
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3229 ieiunare.</p><p title="II-II q. 88 a. 6 ad 3"><a name="42789"><span class="ref">[42789] IIª-IIae q. 88 a. 6 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3230 dicendum quod ille qui facit aliquid sine voto habet immobilem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3231 voluntatem respectu illius operis singularis quod facit, et tunc
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3232 quando facit, non autem manet voluntas eius omnino firmata in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3233 futurum, sicut voventis, qui suam voluntatem obligavit ad aliquid
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3234 faciendum et antequam faceret illud singulare opus, et fortasse ad
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3235 pluries faciendum.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 7</h3><p title="II-II q. 88 a. 7 arg. 1"><a name="42790"><span class="ref">[42790] IIª-IIae q. 88 a. 7 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3236 septimum sic proceditur. Videtur quod votum non solemnizetur per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3237 susceptionem sacri ordinis, et per professionem ad certam regulam.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3238 Votum enim, ut dictum est, promissio Deo facta est. Ea vero quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3239 exterius aguntur ad solemnitatem pertinentia non videntur ordinari
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3240 ad Deum, sed ad homines. Ergo per accidens se habent ad votum. Non
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3241 ergo solemnitas talis est propria conditio voti.</p><p title="II-II q. 88 a. 7 arg. 2"><a name="42791"><span class="ref">[42791] IIª-IIae q. 88 a. 7 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3242 illud quod pertinet ad conditionem alicuius rei, videtur posse
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3243 competere omnibus illis in quibus res illa invenitur. Sed multa
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3244 possunt sub voto cadere quae non pertinent neque ad sacrum ordinem,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3245 neque pertinent ad aliquam certam regulam, sicut cum quis vovet
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3246 peregrinationem, aut aliquid huiusmodi. Ergo solemnitas quae fit in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3247 susceptione sacri ordinis vel in promissione certae regulae, non
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3248 pertinet ad conditionem voti.</p><p title="II-II q. 88 a. 7 arg. 3"><a name="42792"><span class="ref">[42792] IIª-IIae q. 88 a. 7 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3249 votum solemne idem videtur esse quod votum publicum. Sed multa alia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3250 vota possunt fieri in publico quam votum quod emittitur in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3251 susceptione sacri ordinis vel professione certae regulae, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3252 huiusmodi etiam vota possunt fieri in occulto. Ergo non solum
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
3253 huiusmodi vota sunt solemnia.</p><p title="II-II q. 88 a. 7 s. c."><a name="42793"><span class="ref">[42793] IIª-IIae q. 88 a. 7 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3254 est quod solum huiusmodi vota impediunt matrimonium contrahendum et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3255 dirimunt iam contractum; quod est effectus voti solemnis, ut infra
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3256 dicetur in tertia huius operis parte.</p><p title="II-II q. 88 a. 7 co."><a name="42794"><span class="ref">[42794] IIª-IIae q. 88 a. 7 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3257 dicendum quod unicuique rei solemnitas adhibetur secundum illius
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3258 rei conditionem, sicut alia est solemnitas novae militiae, scilicet
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3259 in quodam apparatu equorum et armorum et concursu militum; et alia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3260 solemnitas nuptiarum, quae consistit in apparatu sponsi et sponsae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3261 et conventu propinquorum. Votum autem est promissio Deo facta. Unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3262 solemnitas voti attenditur secundum aliquid spirituale, quod ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3263 Deum pertineat, idest secundum aliquam spiritualem benedictionem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3264 vel consecrationem, quae ex institutione apostolorum adhibetur in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3265 professione certae regulae, secundo gradu post sacri ordinis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3266 susceptionem, ut Dionysius dicit, VI cap. Eccles. Hier. Et huius
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3267 ratio est quia solemnitates non consueverunt adhiberi nisi quando
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3268 aliquis totaliter mancipatur alicui rei, non enim solemnitas
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3269 nuptialis adhibetur nisi in celebratione matrimonii, quando uterque
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3270 coniugum sui corporis potestatem alteri tradit. Et similiter voti
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3271 solemnitas adhibetur quando aliquis per susceptionem sacri ordinis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3272 divino ministerio applicatur; et in professione certae regulae,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3273 quando per abrenuntiationem saeculi et propriae voluntatis aliquis
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3274 statum perfectionis assumit.</p><p title="II-II q. 88 a. 7 ad 1"><a name="42795"><span class="ref">[42795] IIª-IIae q. 88 a. 7 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3275 ergo dicendum quod huiusmodi solemnitas pertinet non solum ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3276 homines, sed ad Deum, inquantum habet aliquam spiritualem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3277 consecrationem seu benedictionem, cuius Deus est auctor, etsi homo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3278 sit minister, secundum illud Num. VI, <i>invocabunt nomen meum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3279 super filios Israel, et ego benedicam eis</i>. Et ideo votum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3280 solemne habet fortiorem obligationem apud Deum quam votum simplex;
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3281 et gravius peccat qui illud transgreditur. Quod autem dicitur quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3282 votum simplex non minus obligat apud Deum quam solemne,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3283 intelligendum est quantum ad hoc quod utriusque transgressor peccat
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3284 mortaliter.</p><p title="II-II q. 88 a. 7 ad 2"><a name="42796"><span class="ref">[42796] IIª-IIae q. 88 a. 7 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3285 dicendum quod particularibus actibus non consuevit solemnitas
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3286 adhiberi, sed assumptioni novi status, ut dictum est. Et ideo cum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3287 quis vovet aliqua particularia opera, sicut aliquam peregrinationem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3288 vel aliquod speciale ieiunium, tali voto non congruit solemnitas,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3289 sed solum voto quo aliquis totaliter se subiicit divino ministerio
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3290 seu famulatui; in quo tamen voto, quasi universali, multa
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3291 particularia opera comprehenduntur.</p><p title="II-II q. 88 a. 7 ad 3"><a name="42797"><span class="ref">[42797] IIª-IIae q. 88 a. 7 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3292 dicendum quod vota ex hoc quod fiunt in publico possunt habere
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3293 quandam solemnitatem humanam, non autem solemnitatem spiritualem et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3294 divinam, sicut habent vota praemissa, etiam si coram paucis fiant.
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3295 Unde aliud est votum esse publicum, et aliud esse solemne.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 8</h3><p title="II-II q. 88 a. 8 arg. 1"><a name="42798"><span class="ref">[42798] IIª-IIae q. 88 a. 8 arg. 1</span></a> Ad octavum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3296 sic proceditur. Videtur quod illi qui sunt alterius potestati
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3297 subiecti non impediantur a vovendo. Minus enim vinculum superatur a
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3298 maiori. Sed obligatio qua quis subiicitur homini est minus vinculum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3299 quam votum, per quod aliquis obligatur Deo. Ergo illi qui sunt
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3300 alienae potestati subiecti non impediuntur a vovendo.</p><p title="II-II q. 88 a. 8 arg. 2"><a name="42799"><span class="ref">[42799] IIª-IIae q. 88 a. 8 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3301 filii sunt in potestate patris. Sed filii possunt profiteri in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3302 aliqua religione etiam sine voluntate parentum. Ergo non impeditur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3303 aliquis a vovendo per hoc quod est subiectus potestati
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3304 alterius.</p><p title="II-II q. 88 a. 8 arg. 3"><a name="42800"><span class="ref">[42800] IIª-IIae q. 88 a. 8 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3305 maius est facere quam promittere. Sed religiosi qui sunt sub
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3306 potestate praelatorum possunt aliqua facere sine licentia suorum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3307 praelatorum, puta dicere aliquos Psalmos, vel facere aliquas
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3308 abstinentias. Ergo videtur quod multo magis possunt huiusmodi
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3309 vovendo Deo promittere.</p><p title="II-II q. 88 a. 8 arg. 4"><a name="42801"><span class="ref">[42801] IIª-IIae q. 88 a. 8 arg. 4</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3310 quicumque facit quod de iure facere non potest, peccat. Sed subditi
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3311 non peccant vovendo, quia hoc nunquam invenitur prohibitum. Ergo
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3312 videtur quod de iure possunt vovere.</p><p title="II-II q. 88 a. 8 s. c."><a name="42802"><span class="ref">[42802] IIª-IIae q. 88 a. 8 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3313 est quod Num. XXX mandatur quod, <i>si mulier in domo patris sui,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3314 et adhuc in puellari aetate, aliquid voverit</i>, non tenetur rea
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3315 voti nisi pater eius consenserit. Et idem dicit de muliere habente
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3316 virum. Ergo, pari ratione, nec aliae personae alterius potestati
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3317 subiectae possunt se voto obligare.</p><p title="II-II q. 88 a. 8 co."><a name="42803"><span class="ref">[42803] IIª-IIae q. 88 a. 8 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3318 dicendum quod, sicut supra dictum est, votum est promissio quaedam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3319 Deo facta. Nullus autem potest per promissionem se firmiter
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3320 obligare ad id quod est in potestate alterius, sed solum ad id quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3321 est omnino in sua potestate. Quicumque autem est subiectus alicui,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3322 quantum ad id in quo est subiectus, non est suae potestatis facere
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3323 quod vult, sed dependet ex voluntate alterius. Et ideo non potest
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3324 se per votum firmiter obligare, in his in quibus alteri subiicitur,
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3325 sine consensu sui superioris.</p><p title="II-II q. 88 a. 8 ad 1"><a name="42804"><span class="ref">[42804] IIª-IIae q. 88 a. 8 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3326 ergo dicendum quod sub promissione Deo facta non cadit nisi quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3327 est virtuosum, ut supra dictum est. Est autem contra virtutem ut id
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3328 quod est alterius homo offerat Deo, ut supra dictum est. Et ideo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3329 non potest omnino salvari ratio voti, cum quis in potestate
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3330 constitutus vovet id quod est in potestate alterius, nisi sub
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3331 conditione si ille ad cuius potestatem pertinet non
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3332 contradicat.</p><p title="II-II q. 88 a. 8 ad 2"><a name="42805"><span class="ref">[42805] IIª-IIae q. 88 a. 8 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3333 dicendum quod ex quo homo venit ad annos pubertatis, si sit liberae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3334 conditionis, est suae potestatis quantum ad ea quae pertinent ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3335 suam personam, puta quod obliget se religioni per votum, vel quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3336 matrimonium contrahat. Non autem est suae potestatis quantum ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3337 dispensationem domesticam. Unde circa hoc non potest aliquid vovere
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3338 quod sit ratum, sine consensu patris. Servus autem, quia est in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3339 potestate domini etiam quantum ad personales operationes, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3340 potest se voto obligare ad religionem, per quam ab obsequio domini
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3341 sui abstraheretur.</p><p title="II-II q. 88 a. 8 ad 3"><a name="42806"><span class="ref">[42806] IIª-IIae q. 88 a. 8 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3342 dicendum quod religiosus subditus est praelato quantum ad suas
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3343 operationes secundum professionem regulae. Et ideo etiam si aliquis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3344 ad horam aliquid facere possit quando ad alia non occupatur a
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3345 praelato, quia tamen nullum tempus est exceptum in quo praelatus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3346 non possit eum circa aliquid occupare, nullum votum religiosi est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3347 firmum nisi sit de consensu praelati. Sicut nec votum puellae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3348 existentis in domo, nisi sit de consensu patris, nec uxoris, nisi
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3349 de consensu viri.</p><p title="II-II q. 88 a. 8 ad 4"><a name="42807"><span class="ref">[42807] IIª-IIae q. 88 a. 8 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3350 dicendum quod licet votum eorum qui sunt alterius potestati
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3351 subiecti non sit firmum sine consensu eorum quibus subiiciuntur,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3352 non tamen peccant vovendo, quia in eorum voto intelligitur debita
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3353 conditio, scilicet si suis superioribus placuerit, vel non
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3354 renitantur.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 9</h3><p title="II-II q. 88 a. 9 arg. 1"><a name="42808"><span class="ref">[42808] IIª-IIae q. 88 a. 9 arg. 1</span></a> Ad nonum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3355 sic proceditur. Videtur quod pueri non possint voto se obligare ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3356 religionis ingressum. Cum enim ad votum requiratur animi
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3357 deliberatio, non competit vovere nisi illis qui habent usum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3358 rationis. Sed hoc deficit in pueris, sicut et in amentibus vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3359 furiosis. Sicut ergo amentes et furiosi non possunt se ad aliquid
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3360 voto adstringere, ita etiam nec pueri, ut videtur, possunt se voto
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3361 obligare religioni.</p><p title="II-II q. 88 a. 9 arg. 2"><a name="42809"><span class="ref">[42809] IIª-IIae q. 88 a. 9 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3362 illud quod rite potest ab aliquo fieri, non potest ab alio
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3363 irritari. Sed votum religionis a puero vel puella factum ante annos
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3364 pubertatis potest a parentibus revocari, vel a tutore, ut habetur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3365 XX, qu. II, cap. puella. Ergo videtur quod puer vel puella, ante
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3366 quatuordecim annos, non possit rite vovere.</p><p title="II-II q. 88 a. 9 arg. 3"><a name="42810"><span class="ref">[42810] IIª-IIae q. 88 a. 9 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3367 religionem intrantibus annus probationis conceditur, secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3368 regulam beati Benedicti et secundum statutum Innocentii IV, ad hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3369 quod probatio obligationem voti praecedat. Ergo illicitum videtur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3370 esse quod pueri voto obligentur ad religionem ante probationis
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3371 annum.</p><p title="II-II q. 88 a. 9 s. c."><a name="42811"><span class="ref">[42811] IIª-IIae q. 88 a. 9 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3372 illud quod non est rite factum non est validum, etiam si a nullo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3373 revocetur. Sed votum puellae, etiam ante annos pubertatis emissum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3374 validum est si infra annum a parentibus non revocetur, ut habetur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3375 XX, qu. II, cap. puella. Ergo licite et rite possunt pueri voto
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3376 obligari ad religionem, etiam ante annos pubertatis.</p><p title="II-II q. 88 a. 9 co."><a name="42812"><span class="ref">[42812] IIª-IIae q. 88 a. 9 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3377 dicendum quod, sicut ex praedictis patet, duplex est votum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3378 scilicet simplex, et solemne. Et quia solemnitas voti in quadam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3379 spirituali benedictione et consecratione consistit, ut dictum est,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3380 quae fit per ministerium Ecclesiae; ideo solemnizatio voti sub
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3381 dispensatione Ecclesiae cadit. Votum autem simplex efficaciam habet
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3382 ex deliberatione animi, qua quis se obligare intendit. Quod autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3383 talis obligatio robur non habeat, dupliciter potest contingere. Uno
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3384 quidem modo, propter defectum rationis, sicut patet in furiosis et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3385 amentibus, qui se voto non possunt obligare ad aliquid, dum sunt in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3386 furia vel amentia. Alio modo, quia ille qui vovet est alterius
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3387 potestati subiectus, ut supra dictum est. Et ista duo concurrunt in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3388 pueris ante annos pubertatis, quia et patiuntur rationis defectum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3389 ut in pluribus; et sunt naturaliter sub cura parentum, vel tutorum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3390 qui sunt eis loco parentum. Et ideo eorum vota ex duplici causa
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3391 robur non habent. Contingit tamen, propter naturae dispositionem,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3392 quae legibus humanis non subditur, in aliquibus, licet paucis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3393 accelerari rationis usum, qui ob hoc dicuntur doli capaces. Nec
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3394 tamen propter hoc in aliquo eximuntur a cura parentum, quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3395 subiacet legi humanae respicienti ad id quod frequentius accidit.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3396 Est ergo dicendum quod si puer vel puella, ante pubertatis annos,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3397 nondum habeat usum rationis, nullo modo potest se ad aliquid voto
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3398 obligare. Si vero ante annos pubertatis attigerit usum rationis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3399 potest quidem, quantum in ipso est, se obligare, sed votum eius
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3400 potest irritari per parentes, quorum curae remanet adhuc subiectus.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3401 Quantumcumque tamen sit doli capax, ante annos pubertatis non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3402 potest obligari voto solemni religionis, propter Ecclesiae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3403 statutum, quod respicit id quod in pluribus accidit. Post annos
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3404 autem pubertatis, possunt iam se voto religionis obligare, vel
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3405 simplici vel solemni, absque voluntate parentum.</p><p title="II-II q. 88 a. 9 ad 1"><a name="42813"><span class="ref">[42813] IIª-IIae q. 88 a. 9 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3406 ergo dicendum quod ratio illa procedit de pueris qui nondum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3407 attigerunt usum rationis, quorum vota sunt invalida, ut dictum
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3408 est.</p><p title="II-II q. 88 a. 9 ad 2"><a name="42814"><span class="ref">[42814] IIª-IIae q. 88 a. 9 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3409 dicendum quod vota eorum qui sunt in potestate aliorum habent
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3410 conditionem implicitam, scilicet si non revocentur a superiori, ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3411 qua licita redduntur, et valida si conditio extat, ut dictum
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3412 est.</p><p title="II-II q. 88 a. 9 ad 3"><a name="42815"><span class="ref">[42815] IIª-IIae q. 88 a. 9 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3413 dicendum quod ratio illa procedit de voto solemni quod fit per
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3414 professionem.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 10</h3><p title="II-II q. 88 a. 10 arg. 1"><a name="42816"><span class="ref">[42816] IIª-IIae q. 88 a. 10 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3415 decimum sic proceditur. Videtur quod in voto dispensari non possit.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3416 Minus enim est commutari votum quam in eo dispensari. Sed votum non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3417 potest commutari, dicitur enim Levit. XXVII, <i>animal quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3418 immolari potest domino, si quis voverit, sanctum erit, et mutari
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3419 non poterit, nec melius malo nec peius bono</i>. Ergo multo minus
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3420 potest dispensari in voto.</p><p title="II-II q. 88 a. 10 arg. 2"><a name="42817"><span class="ref">[42817] IIª-IIae q. 88 a. 10 arg. 2</span></a>
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3421 Praeterea, in his quae sunt de lege naturae et in praeceptis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3422 divinis non potest per hominem dispensari, et praecipue in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3423 praeceptis primae tabulae, quae ordinantur directe ad dilectionem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3424 Dei, quae est ultimus praeceptorum finis. Sed implere votum est de
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3425 lege naturae; et est etiam praeceptum legis divinae, ut ex supra
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3426 dictis patet; et pertinet ad praecepta primae tabulae, cum sit
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3427 actus latriae. Ergo in voto dispensari non potest.</p><p title="II-II q. 88 a. 10 arg. 3"><a name="42818"><span class="ref">[42818] IIª-IIae q. 88 a. 10 arg. 3</span></a>
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3428 Praeterea, obligatio voti fundatur super fidelitatem quam homo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3429 debet Deo, ut dictum est. Sed in hac nullus potest dispensare. Ergo
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3430 nec in voto.</p><p title="II-II q. 88 a. 10 s. c."><a name="42819"><span class="ref">[42819] IIª-IIae q. 88 a. 10 s. c.</span></a> Sed
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3431 contra, maioris firmitatis esse videtur quod procedit ex communi
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3432 voluntate quam quod procedit ex singulari voluntate alicuius
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3433 personae. Sed in lege, quae habet robur ex communi voluntate,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3434 potest per hominem dispensari. Ergo videtur quod etiam in voto per
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3435 hominem dispensari possit.</p><p title="II-II q. 88 a. 10 co."><a name="42820"><span class="ref">[42820] IIª-IIae q. 88 a. 10 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3436 dicendum quod dispensatio voti intelligenda est ad modum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3437 dispensationis quae fit in observantia alicuius legis. Quia, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3438 supra dictum est, lex ponitur respiciendo ad id quod est ut in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3439 pluribus bonum, sed quia contingit huiusmodi in aliquo casu non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3440 esse bonum, oportuit per aliquem determinari in illo particulari
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3441 casu legem non esse servandam. Et hoc proprie est dispensare in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3442 lege, nam dispensatio videtur importare commensuratam quandam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3443 distributionem vel applicationem communis alicuius ad ea quae sub
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3444 ipso continentur, per quem modum dicitur aliquis dispensare cibum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3445 familiae. Similiter autem ille qui vovet quodammodo sibi statuit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3446 legem, obligans se ad aliquid quod est secundum se et in pluribus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3447 bonum. Potest tamen contingere quod in aliquo casu sit vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3448 simpliciter malum, vel inutile, vel maioris boni impeditivum, quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3449 est contra rationem eius quod cadit sub voto, ut ex praedictis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3450 patet. Et ideo necesse est quod determinetur in tali casu votum non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3451 esse servandum. Et si quidem absolute determinetur aliquod votum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3452 non esse servandum, dicitur esse dispensatio voti. Si autem pro hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3453 quod servandum erat aliquid aliud imponatur, dicitur commutatio
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3454 voti. Unde minus est votum commutare quam in voto dispensare.
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3455 Utrumque tamen in potestate Ecclesiae consistit.</p><p title="II-II q. 88 a. 10 ad 1"><a name="42821"><span class="ref">[42821] IIª-IIae q. 88 a. 10 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3456 ergo dicendum quod animal quod immolari poterat, ex hoc ipso quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3457 vovebatur, sanctum reputabatur, quasi divino cultui mancipatum, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3458 haec erat ratio quare non poterat commutari; sicut nec modo posset
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3459 aliquis rem quam vovit, iam consecratam, puta calicem vel domum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3460 commutare in melius vel in peius. Animal autem quod non poterat
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3461 sanctificari quia non erat immolatitium, redimi poterat et debebat,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3462 sicut ibidem lex dicit. Et ita etiam nunc commutari possunt vota si
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3463 consecratio non interveniat.</p><p title="II-II q. 88 a. 10 ad 2"><a name="42822"><span class="ref">[42822] IIª-IIae q. 88 a. 10 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3464 dicendum quod sicut ex iure naturali et praecepto divino tenetur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3465 homo implere votum, ita etiam tenetur ex eisdem obedire superiorum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3466 legi vel mandato. Et tamen cum dispensatur in aliqua lege humana,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3467 non fit ut legi humanae non obediatur, quod est contra legem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3468 naturae et mandatum divinum, sed fit ut hoc quod erat lex, non sit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3469 lex in hoc casu. Ita etiam auctoritate superioris dispensantis fit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3470 ut hoc quod continebatur sub voto, non contineatur, inquantum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3471 determinatur in hoc casu hoc non esse congruam materiam voti. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3472 ideo cum praelatus Ecclesiae dispensat in voto, non dispensat in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3473 praecepto iuris naturalis vel divini, sed determinat id quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3474 cadebat sub obligatione deliberationis humanae, quae non potuit
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3475 omnia circumspicere.</p><p title="II-II q. 88 a. 10 ad 3"><a name="42823"><span class="ref">[42823] IIª-IIae q. 88 a. 10 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3476 dicendum quod ad fidelitatem Deo debitam non pertinet quod homo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3477 faciat id quod ad vovendum est malum, vel inutile, vel maioris boni
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3478 impeditivum, ad quod tendit voti dispensatio. Et ideo dispensatio
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3479 voti non est contra fidelitatem Deo debitam.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 11</h3><p title="II-II q. 88 a. 11 arg. 1"><a name="42824"><span class="ref">[42824] IIª-IIae q. 88 a. 11 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3480 undecimum sic proceditur. Videtur quod in voto solemni continentiae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3481 possit fieri dispensatio. Una enim ratio dispensandi in voto est si
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3482 sit impeditivum melioris boni, sicut dictum est. Sed votum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3483 continentiae, etiam si sit solemne, potest esse impeditivum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3484 melioris boni, nam bonum commune est divinius quam bonum unius;
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3485 potest autem per continentiam alicuius impediri bonum totius
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3486 multitudinis, puta si quando per contractum matrimonii aliquarum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3487 personarum quae continentiam voverunt, posset pax patriae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3488 procurari. Ergo videtur quod in solemni voto continentiae possit
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3489 dispensari.</p><p title="II-II q. 88 a. 11 arg. 2"><a name="42825"><span class="ref">[42825] IIª-IIae q. 88 a. 11 arg. 2</span></a>
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3490 Praeterea, latria est nobilior virtus quam castitas. Sed si quis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3491 voveat aliquem actum latriae, puta offerre Deo sacrificium, potest
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3492 in illo voto dispensari. Ergo multo magis potest dispensari in voto
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3493 continentiae, quod est de actu castitatis.</p><p title="II-II q. 88 a. 11 arg. 3"><a name="42826"><span class="ref">[42826] IIª-IIae q. 88 a. 11 arg. 3</span></a>
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3494 Praeterea, sicut votum abstinentiae observatum potest vergere in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3495 periculum personae, ita etiam observatio voti continentiae. Sed in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3496 voto abstinentiae, si vergat in corporale periculum voventis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3497 potest fieri dispensatio. Ergo etiam, pari ratione, in voto
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3498 continentiae potest dispensari.</p><p title="II-II q. 88 a. 11 arg. 4"><a name="42827"><span class="ref">[42827] IIª-IIae q. 88 a. 11 arg. 4</span></a>
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3499 Praeterea, sicut sub professione religionis, ex qua votum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3500 solemnizatur, continetur votum continentiae, ita etiam et votum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3501 paupertatis et obedientiae. Sed in voto paupertatis et obedientiae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3502 potest dispensari, sicut patet in illis qui post professionem ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3503 episcopatum assumuntur. Ergo videtur quod in solemni voto
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3504 continentiae possit dispensari.</p><p title="II-II q. 88 a. 11 s. c. 1"><a name="42828"><span class="ref">[42828] IIª-IIae q. 88 a. 11 s. c. 1</span></a> Sed
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3505 contra est quod dicitur Eccli. XXVI, <i>omnis ponderatio non est
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3506 digna animae continentis</i>.</p><p title="II-II q. 88 a. 11 s. c. 2"><a name="42829"><span class="ref">[42829] IIª-IIae q. 88 a. 11 s. c. 2</span></a>
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3507 Praeterea, extra, de statu Monach., in fine illius decretalis, cum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3508 ad monasterium, dicitur, abdicatio proprietatis, <i>sicut etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3509 custodia castitatis, adeo est annexa regulae monachali ut contra
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3510 eam nec summus pontifex possit indulgere</i>.</p><p title="II-II q. 88 a. 11 co."><a name="42830"><span class="ref">[42830] IIª-IIae q. 88 a. 11 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3511 dicendum quod in solemni voto continentiae tria possunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3512 considerari, primo quidem, materia voti, scilicet ipsa continentia;
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3513 secundo, perpetuitas voti, cum scilicet aliquis voto se adstringit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3514 ad perpetuam observantiam continentiae; tertio, ipsa solemnitas
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3515 voti. Dicunt ergo quidam quod votum solemne est indispensabile
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3516 ratione ipsius continentiae, quae non recipit condignam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3517 recompensationem, ut patet ex auctoritate inducta. Cuius rationem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3518 quidam assignant quia per continentiam homo triumphat de domestico
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3519 inimico, vel quia per continentiam homo perfecte conformatur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3520 Christo, secundum puritatem animae et corporis. Sed hoc non videtur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3521 efficaciter dici. Quia bona animae, utpote contemplatio et oratio,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3522 sunt multo meliora bonis corporis, et magis nos Deo conformant, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3523 tamen potest dispensari in voto orationis vel contemplationis. Unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3524 non videtur esse ratio quare non possit dispensari in voto
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3525 continentiae, si respiciatur absolute ad ipsam continentiae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3526 dignitatem. Praesertim cum apostolus, I ad Cor. VII, ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3527 continentiam inducat propter contemplationem, dicens quod mulier
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3528 innupta cogitat quae Dei sunt, finis autem potior est his quae sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3529 ad finem. Et ideo alii rationem huius assignant ex perpetuitate et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3530 universalitate huius voti. Dicunt enim quod votum continentiae non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3531 potest praetermitti nisi per id quod est omnino contrarium, quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3532 nunquam licet in aliquo voto. Sed hoc est manifeste falsum. Quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3533 sicut uti carnali copula est continentiae contrarium, ita comedere
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3534 carnes vel bibere vinum est contrarium abstinentiae a talibus, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3535 tamen in huiusmodi votis potest dispensari. Et ideo aliis videtur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3536 quod in voto solemni continentiae possit dispensari propter aliquam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3537 communem utilitatem seu necessitatem, ut patet in exemplo praemisso
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3538 de pacificatione terrarum ex aliquo matrimonio contrahendo. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3539 quia decretalis inducta expresse dicit quod nec summus pontifex
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3540 potest contra custodiam castitatis monacho licentiam dare, ideo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3541 aliter videtur dicendum, quod, sicut supra dictum est, et habetur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3542 Levit. ult., illud quod semel sanctificatum est domino, non potest
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3543 in alios usus commutari. Non autem potest facere aliquis Ecclesiae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3544 praelatus ut id quod est sanctificatum sanctificationem amittat,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3545 etiam in rebus inanimatis, puta quod calix consecratus desinat esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3546 consecratus, si maneat integer. Unde multo minus hoc potest facere
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3547 aliquis praelatus, ut homo Deo consecratus, quandiu vivit,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3548 consecratus esse desistat. Solemnitas autem voti consistit in
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3549 quadam consecratione seu benedictione voventis, ut dictum est. Et
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3550 ideo non potest fieri per aliquem praelatum Ecclesiae quod ille qui
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3551 votum solemne emisit desistat ab eo ad quod est consecratus, puta
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3552 quod ille qui est sacerdos non sit sacerdos, licet possit praelatus
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3553 ob aliquam causam executionem ordinis inhibere. Et simili ratione,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3554 Papa non potest facere quod ille qui est professus religionem non
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3555 sit religiosus, licet quidam iuristae ignoranter contrarium dicant.
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3556 Est ergo considerandum utrum continentia sit essentialiter annexa
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3557 ei ad quod votum solemnizatur, quia si non est ei essentialiter
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3558 annexa, potest manere solemnitas consecrationis sine debito
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3559 continentiae; quod non potest contingere si sit essentialiter
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3560 annexum ei ad quod votum solemnizatur. Non est autem essentialiter
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3561 annexum debitum continentiae ordini sacro, sed ex statuto
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3562 Ecclesiae. Unde videtur quod per Ecclesiam possit dispensari in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3563 voto continentiae solemnizato per susceptionem sacri ordinis. Est
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3564 autem debitum continentiae essentiale statui religionis, per quem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3565 homo abrenuntiat saeculo, totaliter Dei servitio mancipatus; quod
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3566 non potest simul stare cum matrimonio, in quo incumbit necessitas
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3567 procurandae uxoris et prolis et familiae, et rerum quae ad hoc
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3568 requiruntur. Unde apostolus dicit, I ad Cor. VII, quod <i>qui est
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3569 cum uxore sollicitus est quae sunt mundi, quomodo placeat uxori, et
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3570 divisus est</i>. Unde nomen monachi ab unitate sumitur, per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3571 oppositum ad divisionem praedictam. Et ideo in voto solemnizato per
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3572 professionem religionis non potest per Ecclesiam dispensari, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3573 rationem assignat decretalis, quia castitas est annexa regulae
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
3574 monachali.</p><p title="II-II q. 88 a. 11 ad 1"><a name="42831"><span class="ref">[42831] IIª-IIae q. 88 a. 11 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3575 ergo dicendum quod periculis rerum humanarum est obviandum per res
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3576 humanas, non autem per hoc quod res divinae convertantur in usum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3577 humanum. Professi autem religionem mortui sunt mundo et vivunt Deo.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3578 Unde non sunt revocandi ad vitam humanam occasione cuiuscumque
53
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parents: 28
diff changeset
3579 eventus.</p><p title="II-II q. 88 a. 11 ad 2"><a name="42832"><span class="ref">[42832] IIª-IIae q. 88 a. 11 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3580 dicendum quod in voto temporalis continentiae dispensari potest,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3581 sicut et in voto temporalis orationis vel temporalis abstinentiae.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3582 Sed quod in voto continentiae per professionem solemnizato non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3583 possit dispensari, hoc non est inquantum est actus castitatis, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3584 inquantum incipit ad latriam pertinere per professionem
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3585 religionis.</p><p title="II-II q. 88 a. 11 ad 3"><a name="42833"><span class="ref">[42833] IIª-IIae q. 88 a. 11 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3586 dicendum quod cibus directe ordinatur ad conservationem personae,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3587 et ideo abstinentia cibi directe potest vergere in periculum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3588 personae. Unde ex hac ratione recipit votum abstinentiae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3589 dispensationem. Sed coitus non ordinatur directe ad conservationem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3590 personae, sed ad conservationem speciei. Unde nec directe
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3591 abstinentia coitus per continentiam vergit in periculum personae.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3592 Sed si per accidens ex ea aliquod periculum personale accidat,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3593 potest aliter subveniri, scilicet per abstinentiam, vel alia
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
3594 corporalia remedia.</p><p title="II-II q. 88 a. 11 ad 4"><a name="42834"><span class="ref">[42834] IIª-IIae q. 88 a. 11 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3595 dicendum quod religiosus qui fit episcopus, sicut non absolvitur a
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3596 voto continentiae, ita nec a voto paupertatis, quia nihil debet
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3597 habere tanquam proprium, sed sicut dispensator communium bonorum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3598 Ecclesiae. Similiter etiam non absolvitur a voto obedientiae, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3599 per accidens obedire non tenetur, si superiorem non habeat, sicut
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3600 et abbas monasterii, qui tamen non est a voto obedientiae
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
3601 absolutus.</p><p title="II-II q. 88 a. 11 ad 5"><a name="42835"><span class="ref">[42835] IIª-IIae q. 88 a. 11 ad 5</span></a> Auctoritas
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3602 vero Ecclesiastici quae in contrarium obiicitur, intelligenda est
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3603 quantum ad hoc quod nec fecunditas carnis, nec aliquod corporale
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3604 bonum est comparandum continentiae, quae inter bona animae
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3605 computatur, ut Augustinus dicit, in libro de sancta virginitate.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3606 Unde signanter dicitur, animae continentis, non, carnis
53
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diff changeset
3607 continentis.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 12</h3><p title="II-II q. 88 a. 12 arg. 1"><a name="42836"><span class="ref">[42836] IIª-IIae q. 88 a. 12 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3608 duodecimum sic proceditur. Videtur quod ad commutationem vel
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3609 dispensationem voti non requiratur praelati auctoritas. Aliquis
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3610 enim potest intrare religionem absque auctoritate alicuius
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3611 superioris praelati. Sed per introitum religionis absolvitur homo a
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3612 votis in saeculo factis, etiam a voto terrae sanctae. Ergo voti
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3613 commutatio vel dispensatio potest esse absque auctoritate
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
3614 superioris praelati.</p><p title="II-II q. 88 a. 12 arg. 2"><a name="42837"><span class="ref">[42837] IIª-IIae q. 88 a. 12 arg. 2</span></a>
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3615 Praeterea, dispensatio voti in hoc consistere videtur quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3616 determinatur in quo casu votum non sit observandum. Sed si
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3617 praelatus male determinet, non videtur esse vovens absolutus a
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3618 voto, quia nullus praelatus potest dispensare contra praeceptum
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3619 divinum de implendo voto, ut dictum est. Similiter etiam si aliquis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3620 propria auctoritate recte determinet in quo casu votum non sit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3621 implendum, non videtur voto teneri, quia votum non obligat in casu
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3622 in quo habet peiorem eventum, ut dictum est. Ergo dispensatio voti
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3623 non requirit auctoritatem alicuius praelati.</p><p title="II-II q. 88 a. 12 arg. 3"><a name="42838"><span class="ref">[42838] IIª-IIae q. 88 a. 12 arg. 3</span></a>
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3624 Praeterea, si dispensare in voto pertinet ad potestatem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3625 praelatorum, pari ratione pertineret ad omnes. Sed non pertinet ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3626 omnes dispensare in quolibet voto. Ergo non pertinet ad potestatem
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3627 praelatorum dispensatio voti.</p><p title="II-II q. 88 a. 12 s. c."><a name="42839"><span class="ref">[42839] IIª-IIae q. 88 a. 12 s. c.</span></a> Sed
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3628 contra, sicut lex obligat ad aliquid faciendum, ita et votum. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3629 ad dispensandum in praecepto legis requiritur superioris
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3630 auctoritas, ut supra dictum est. Ergo, pari ratione, etiam in
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3631 dispensatione voti.</p><p title="II-II q. 88 a. 12 co."><a name="42840"><span class="ref">[42840] IIª-IIae q. 88 a. 12 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3632 dicendum quod, sicut supra dictum est, votum est promissio Deo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3633 facta de aliquo quod sit Deo acceptum. Quid sit autem in aliqua
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3634 promissione acceptum ei cui promittitur, ex eius pendet arbitrio.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3635 Praelatus autem in Ecclesia gerit vicem Dei. Et ideo in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3636 commutatione vel dispensatione votorum requiritur praelati
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3637 auctoritas, quae in persona Dei determinat quid sit Deo acceptum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3638 secundum illud II ad Cor. II, <i>nam et ego propter vos donavi in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3639 persona Christi</i>. Et signanter dicit, propter vos, quia omnis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3640 dispensatio petita a praelato debet fieri ad honorem Christi, in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3641 cuius persona dispensat; vel ad utilitatem Ecclesiae, quae est eius
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3642 corpus.</p><p title="II-II q. 88 a. 12 ad 1"><a name="42841"><span class="ref">[42841] IIª-IIae q. 88 a. 12 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3643 ergo dicendum quod omnia alia vota sunt quorundam particularium
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3644 operum, sed per religionem homo totam vitam suam Dei obsequio
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3645 deputat. Particulare autem in universali includitur. Et ideo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3646 decretalis dicit quod <i>reus fracti voti non habetur qui temporale
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3647 obsequium in perpetuam religionis observantiam commutat</i>. Nec
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3648 tamen in religionem ingrediens tenetur implere vota vel ieiuniorum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3649 vel orationum vel aliorum huiusmodi, quae existens in saeculo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3650 fecit, quia religionem ingrediens moritur priori vitae; et etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3651 singulares observantiae religioni non competunt; et religionis onus
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3652 satis hominem onerat, ut alia superaddere non oporteat.</p><p title="II-II q. 88 a. 12 ad 2"><a name="42842"><span class="ref">[42842] IIª-IIae q. 88 a. 12 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3653 dicendum quod quidam dixerunt quod praelati possunt in votis pro
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3654 libito dispensare, quia in quolibet voto includitur conditionaliter
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3655 voluntas praelati superioris, sicut supra dictum est quod in votis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3656 subditorum, puta servi vel filii, intelligitur conditio, si
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3657 placuerit patri vel domino, vel, si non renitantur. Et sic subditus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3658 absque omni remorsu conscientiae posset votum praetermittere,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3659 quandocumque sibi a praelato diceretur. Sed praedicta positio falso
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3660 innititur. Quia cum potestas praelati spiritualis, qui non est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3661 dominus sed dispensator, sit <i>in aedificationem data, et non in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3662 destructionem</i>, ut patet II ad Cor. X; sicut praelatus non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3663 potest imperare ea quae secundum se Deo displicent, scilicet
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3664 peccata, ita non potest prohibere ea quae secundum se Deo placent,
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3665 scilicet virtutis opera. Et ideo absolute potest homo ea vovere. Ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3666 praelatum tamen pertinet diiudicare quid sit magis virtuosum et Deo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3667 magis acceptum. Et ideo in manifestis dispensatio praelati non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3668 excusaret a culpa, puta si praelatus dispensaret cum aliquo super
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3669 voto de ingressu religionis, nulla apparenti causa obstante. Si
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3670 autem esset causa apparens, per quam saltem in dubium verteretur,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3671 posset stare iudicio praelati dispensantis vel commutantis. Non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3672 tamen iudicio proprio, quia ipse non gerit vicem Dei, nisi forte in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3673 casu in quo id quod vovit esset manifeste illicitum, et non posset
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3674 opportune ad superiorem recurrere.</p><p title="II-II q. 88 a. 12 ad 3"><a name="42843"><span class="ref">[42843] IIª-IIae q. 88 a. 12 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3675 dicendum quod quia summus pontifex gerit plenarie vicem Christi in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3676 tota Ecclesia, ipse habet plenitudinem potestatis dispensandi in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3677 omnibus dispensabilibus votis. Aliis autem inferioribus praelatis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3678 committitur dispensatio in votis quae communiter fiunt et indigent
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3679 frequenti dispensatione, ut habeant de facili homines ad quem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3680 recurrant, sicut sunt vota peregrinationum et ieiuniorum et aliorum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3681 huiusmodi. Vota vero maiora, puta continentiae et peregrinationis
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3682 terrae sanctae, reservantur summo pontifici.</p></div></div><div class="q" id="q89"><h2>Quaestio 89</h2><div class="p"><h3>Prooemium</h3><p title="II-II q. 89 pr."><a name="42844"><span class="ref">[42844] IIª-IIae q. 89 pr.</span></a> Deinde
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
3683 considerandum est de actibus exterioribus latriae quibus aliquid
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3684 divinum ab hominibus assumitur, quod est vel sacramentum aliquod,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3685 vel ipsum nomen divinum. Sed de sacramenti assumptione locus erit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3686 tractandi in tertia huius operis parte. De assumptione autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3687 nominis divini nunc agendum est. Assumitur autem divinum nomen ab
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3688 homine tripliciter, uno modo, per modum iuramenti, ad propria verba
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3689 confirmanda; alio modo, per modum adiurationis, ad alios
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3690 inducendum; tertio modo, per modum invocationis, ad orandum vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3691 laudandum. Primo ergo de iuramento agendum est. Circa quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3692 quaeruntur decem. Primo, quid sit iuramentum. Secundo, utrum sit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3693 licitum. Tertio, qui sint comites iuramenti. Quarto, cuius virtutis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3694 sit actus. Quinto, utrum sit appetendum et frequentandum, tanquam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3695 utile et bonum. Sexto, utrum liceat iurare per creaturam. Septimo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3696 utrum iuramentum sit obligatorium. Octavo, quae sit maior
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3697 obligatio, utrum iuramenti vel voti. Nono, utrum in iuramento
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3698 possit dispensari. Decimo, quibus et quando liceat iurare.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 1</h3><p title="II-II q. 89 a. 1 arg. 1"><a name="42845"><span class="ref">[42845] IIª-IIae q. 89 a. 1 arg. 1</span></a> Ad primum
28
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3699 sic proceditur. Videtur quod iurare non sit testem Deum invocare.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3700 Quicumque enim inducit auctoritatem sacrae Scripturae inducit Deum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3701 in testimonium, cuius verba proponuntur in sacra Scriptura. Si ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3702 iurare est testem Deum invocare, quicumque inducit auctoritatem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3703 sacrae Scripturae iuraret. Hoc autem est falsum. Ergo et
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3704 primum.</p><p title="II-II q. 89 a. 1 arg. 2"><a name="42846"><span class="ref">[42846] IIª-IIae q. 89 a. 1 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3705 ex hoc quod aliquis inducit aliquem in testem, nihil ei reddit. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3706 ille qui per Deum iurat aliquid Deo reddit, dicitur enim Matth. V,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3707 <i>reddes domino iuramenta tua</i>; et Augustinus dicit quod iurare
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3708 est ius veritatis Deo reddere. Ergo iurare non est Deum testem
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3709 invocare.</p><p title="II-II q. 89 a. 1 arg. 3"><a name="42847"><span class="ref">[42847] IIª-IIae q. 89 a. 1 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3710 aliud est officium iudicis, et aliud testis, ut ex supradictis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3711 patet. Sed quandoque iurando implorat homo divinum iudicium,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3712 secundum illud Psalm., <i>si reddidi retribuentibus mihi mala,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3713 decidam merito ab inimicis meis inanis</i>. Ergo iurare non est
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3714 testem Deum invocare.</p><p title="II-II q. 89 a. 1 s. c."><a name="42848"><span class="ref">[42848] IIª-IIae q. 89 a. 1 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3715 est quod Augustinus dicit, in quodam sermone de periurio, <i>quid
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3716 est, per Deum, nisi, testis est Deus?</i></p><p title="II-II q. 89 a. 1 co."><a name="42849"><span class="ref">[42849] IIª-IIae q. 89 a. 1 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3717 dicendum quod, sicut apostolus dicit, ad Heb. VI, iuramentum ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3718 confirmationem ordinatur. Confirmatio autem in scibilibus per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3719 rationem fit, quae procedit ex aliquibus naturaliter notis, quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3720 sunt infallibiliter vera. Sed particularia facta contingentia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3721 hominum non possunt per rationem necessariam confirmari. Et ideo ea
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3722 quae de his dicuntur solent confirmari per testes. Sed humanum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3723 testimonium non est sufficiens ad huiusmodi confirmandum, propter
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3724 duo. Primo quidem, propter defectum veritatis humanae, quia plurimi
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3725 in mendacium labuntur, secundum illud Psalm., <i>os eorum locutum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3726 est mendacium</i>. Secundo, propter defectum cognitionis, quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3727 homines non possunt cognoscere neque futura, neque cordium occulta,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3728 vel etiam absentia; de quibus tamen homines loquuntur, et expedit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3729 rebus humanis ut certitudo aliqua de his habeatur. Et ideo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3730 necessarium fuit recurrere ad divinum testimonium, quia Deus neque
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3731 mentiri potest, neque eum aliquid latet. Assumere autem Deum in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3732 testem dicitur iurare, quia quasi pro iure introductum est ut quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3733 sub invocatione divini testimonii dicitur pro vero habeatur.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3734 Divinum autem testimonium quandoque inducitur ad asserendum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3735 praesentia vel praeterita, et hoc dicitur iuramentum assertorium.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3736 Quandoque autem inducitur divinum testimonium ad confirmandum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3737 aliquid futurum, et hoc dicitur iuramentum promissorium. Ad ea vero
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3738 quae sunt necessaria et per rationem investiganda non inducitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3739 iuramentum, derisibile enim videretur si quis in disputatione
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3740 alicuius scientiae vellet propositum per iuramentum probare.</p><p title="II-II q. 89 a. 1 ad 1"><a name="42850"><span class="ref">[42850] IIª-IIae q. 89 a. 1 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3741 ergo dicendum quod aliud est testimonio Dei uti iam dato, quod fit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3742 cum aliquis auctoritatem sacrae Scripturae inducit, et aliud est
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3743 testimonium Dei implorare ut exhibendum, quod fit in iuramento.</p><p title="II-II q. 89 a. 1 ad 2"><a name="42851"><span class="ref">[42851] IIª-IIae q. 89 a. 1 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3744 dicendum quod dicitur aliquis reddere iuramenta Deo ex hoc quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3745 implet illud quod iurat. Vel quia in hoc ipso quod invocat Deum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3746 testem, recognoscit eum habere omnium cognitionem et infallibilem
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3747 veritatem.</p><p title="II-II q. 89 a. 1 ad 3"><a name="42852"><span class="ref">[42852] IIª-IIae q. 89 a. 1 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3748 dicendum quod alicuius testimonium invocatur ad hoc quod testis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3749 invocatus veritatem manifestet circa ea quae dicuntur. Deus autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3750 manifestat an verum sit quod dicitur, dupliciter. Uno modo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3751 simpliciter revelando veritatem, vel per internam inspirationem;
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3752 vel etiam per facti denudationem, dum scilicet producit in publicum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3753 ea quae erant occulta. Alio modo, per poenam mentientis, et tunc
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3754 simul est iudex et testis, dum puniendo mendacem manifestat
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3755 mendacium. Et ideo duplex est modus iurandi. Unus quidem per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3756 simplicem Dei contestationem, sicut cum aliquis dicit, est mihi
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3757 Deus testis; vel, coram Deo loquor; vel, per Deum, quod idem est,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3758 ut dicit Augustinus. Alius modus iurandi est per execrationem, dum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3759 scilicet aliquis se, vel aliquid ad se pertinens, ad poenam obligat
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3760 nisi sit verum quod dicitur.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 2</h3><p title="II-II q. 89 a. 2 arg. 1"><a name="42853"><span class="ref">[42853] IIª-IIae q. 89 a. 2 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3761 secundum sic proceditur. Videtur quod non sit licitum iurare. Nihil
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3762 enim quod prohibetur in lege divina est licitum. Sed iuramentum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3763 prohibetur Matth. V, <i>ego dico vobis, non iurare omnino</i>, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3764 Iac. V dicitur, <i>ante omnia, fratres mei, nolite iurare</i>. Ergo
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3765 iuramentum est illicitum.</p><p title="II-II q. 89 a. 2 arg. 2"><a name="42854"><span class="ref">[42854] IIª-IIae q. 89 a. 2 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3766 id quod est a malo videtur esse illicitum, quia, ut dicitur Matth.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3767 VII, non potest arbor mala fructus bonos facere. Sed iuramentum est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3768 a malo, dicitur enim Matth. V, <i>sit autem sermo vester, est, est;
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3769 non, non. Quod autem his abundantius est a malo est</i>. Ergo
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3770 iuramentum videtur esse illicitum.</p><p title="II-II q. 89 a. 2 arg. 3"><a name="42855"><span class="ref">[42855] IIª-IIae q. 89 a. 2 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3771 exquirere signum divinae providentiae est tentare Deum, quod est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3772 omnino illicitum, secundum illud Deut. VI, <i>non tentabis dominum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3773 Deum tuum</i>. Sed ille qui iurat videtur exquirere signum divinae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3774 providentiae, dum petit divinum testimonium, quod est per aliquem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3775 evidentem effectum. Ergo videtur quod iuramentum sit omnino
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3776 illicitum.</p><p title="II-II q. 89 a. 2 s. c."><a name="42856"><span class="ref">[42856] IIª-IIae q. 89 a. 2 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3777 est quod dicitur Deut. VI, <i>dominum Deum tuum timebis, et per
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3778 nomen eius iurabis</i>.</p><p title="II-II q. 89 a. 2 co."><a name="42857"><span class="ref">[42857] IIª-IIae q. 89 a. 2 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3779 dicendum quod nihil prohibet aliquid esse secundum se bonum quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3780 tamen cedit in malum eius qui non utitur eo convenienter, sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3781 sumere Eucharistiam est bonum, et tamen qui indigne sumit sibi
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3782 iudicium manducat et bibit, ut dicitur I ad Cor. XI. Sic ergo in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3783 proposito dicendum est quod iuramentum secundum se est licitum et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3784 honestum. Quod patet ex origine et ex fine. Ex origine quidem, quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3785 iuramentum est introductum ex fide qua homines credunt Deum habere
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3786 infallibilem veritatem et universalem omnium cognitionem et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3787 provisionem. Ex fine autem, quia iuramentum inducitur ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3788 iustificandum homines, et ad finiendum controversias, ut dicitur ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3789 Heb. VI. Sed iuramentum cedit in malum alicui ex eo quod male
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3790 utitur eo, idest sine necessitate et cautela debita. Videtur enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3791 parvam reverentiam habere ad Deum qui eum ex levi causa testem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3792 inducit, quod non praesumeret etiam de aliquo viro honesto. Imminet
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3793 etiam periculum periurii, quia de facili homo in verbo delinquit,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3794 secundum illud Iac. III, <i>si quis in verbo non offendit, hic
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3795 perfectus est vir</i>. Unde et Eccli. XXIII dicitur, <i>iurationi
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3796 non assuescat os tuum, multi enim casus in illa</i>.</p><p title="II-II q. 89 a. 2 ad 1"><a name="42858"><span class="ref">[42858] IIª-IIae q. 89 a. 2 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3797 ergo dicendum quod Hieronymus, super Matth., dicit, <i>considera
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3798 quod salvator non per Deum iurare prohibuerit, sed per caelum et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3799 terram. Hanc enim per elementa iurandi pessimam consuetudinem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3800 habere Iudaei noscuntur</i>. Se ista responsio non sufficit, quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3801 Iacobus addit, <i>neque per aliud quodcumque iuramentum</i>. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3802 ideo dicendum est quod, sicut Augustinus dicit, in libro de
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3803 mendacio, quod <i>apostolus, in epistolis suis iurans, ostendit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3804 quomodo accipiendum esset quod dictum est, dico vobis non iurare
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3805 omnino, ne scilicet iurando ad facilitatem iurandi veniatur, ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3806 facilitate iurandi ad consuetudinem, a consuetudine in periurium
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3807 decidatur. Et ideo non invenitur iurasse nisi scribens, ubi
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3808 consideratio cautior non habet linguam praecipitem</i>.</p><p title="II-II q. 89 a. 2 ad 2"><a name="42859"><span class="ref">[42859] IIª-IIae q. 89 a. 2 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3809 dicendum quod, sicut Augustinus dicit, in libro de Serm. Dom. in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3810 monte, <i>si iurare cogeris, scias de necessitate venire
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3811 infirmitatis eorum quibus aliquid suades, quae utique infirmitas
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3812 malum est. Itaque non dixit, quod amplius est malum est; tu enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3813 non malum facis qui bene uteris iuratione, ut alteri persuadeas
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3814 quod utiliter persuades, sed, a malo est illius cuius infirmitate
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3815 iurare cogeris</i>.</p><p title="II-II q. 89 a. 2 ad 3"><a name="42860"><span class="ref">[42860] IIª-IIae q. 89 a. 2 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3816 dicendum quod ille qui iurat non tentat Deum, quia non implorat
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3817 divinum auxilium absque utilitate et necessitate; et praeterea non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3818 exponit se alicui periculo si Deus testimonium adhibere noluerit in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3819 praesenti. Adhibebit autem pro certo testimonium in futuro, quando
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3820 <i>illuminabit abscondita tenebrarum et manifestabit consilia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3821 cordium</i>, ut dicitur I ad Cor. IV. Et illud testimonium nulli
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3822 iuranti deficiet, vel pro eo vel contra eum.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 3</h3><p title="II-II q. 89 a. 3 arg. 1"><a name="42861"><span class="ref">[42861] IIª-IIae q. 89 a. 3 arg. 1</span></a> Ad tertium
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3823 sic proceditur. Videtur quod inconvenienter ponantur tres comites
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3824 iuramenti iustitia, iudicium et veritas. Ea enim quorum unum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3825 includitur in altero non sunt connumeranda tanquam diversa. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3826 horum trium unum includitur in altero, quia veritas pars iustitiae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3827 est, secundum Tullium; iudicium autem est actus iustitiae, ut supra
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3828 habitum est. Ergo inconvenienter numerantur tres comites
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3829 iuramenti.</p><p title="II-II q. 89 a. 3 arg. 2"><a name="42862"><span class="ref">[42862] IIª-IIae q. 89 a. 3 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3830 multa alia requiruntur ad iuramentum, scilicet devotio, et fides,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3831 per quam credamus Deum omnia scire et mentiri non posse. Ergo
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3832 videtur quod insufficienter enumerentur tres comites iuramenti.</p><p title="II-II q. 89 a. 3 arg. 3"><a name="42863"><span class="ref">[42863] IIª-IIae q. 89 a. 3 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3833 haec tria in quolibet opere humano inquirenda sunt, nihil enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3834 debet fieri contra iustitiam aut veritatem, aut sine iudicio,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3835 secundum illud I ad Tim. V, <i>nihil facias sine praeiudicio</i>,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3836 idest sine praecedenti iudicio. Ergo haec tria non magis debent
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3837 associari iuramento quam aliis humanis actibus.</p><p title="II-II q. 89 a. 3 s. c."><a name="42864"><span class="ref">[42864] IIª-IIae q. 89 a. 3 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3838 est quod dicitur Ierem. IV, <i>iurabis, vivit dominus, in veritate,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3839 in iudicio et in iustitia</i>, quod exponens Hieronymus dicit,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3840 <i>animadvertendum est quod iusiurandum hos habet comites, scilicet
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3841 veritatem, iudicium et iustitiam</i>.</p><p title="II-II q. 89 a. 3 co."><a name="42865"><span class="ref">[42865] IIª-IIae q. 89 a. 3 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3842 dicendum quod, sicut supra dictum est, iuramentum non est bonum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3843 nisi ei qui bene utitur iuramento. Ad bonum autem usum iuramenti
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3844 duo requiruntur. Primo quidem, quod aliquis non leviter, sed ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3845 necessaria causa et discrete iuret. Et quantum ad hoc, requiritur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3846 iudicium, scilicet discretionis ex parte iurantis. Secundo, quantum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3847 ad id quod per iuramentum confirmatur, ut scilicet neque sit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3848 falsum, neque sit aliquid illicitum. Et quantum ad hoc, requiritur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3849 veritas, per quam aliquis iuramento confirmat quod verum est; et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3850 iustitia, per quam confirmat quod licitum est. Iudicio autem caret
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3851 iuramentum incautum; veritate autem iuramentum mendax; iustitia
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3852 autem iuramentum iniquum sive illicitum.</p><p title="II-II q. 89 a. 3 ad 1"><a name="42866"><span class="ref">[42866] IIª-IIae q. 89 a. 3 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3853 ergo dicendum quod iudicium non sumitur hic pro executione
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3854 iustitiae, sed pro iudicio discretionis, ut dictum est. Neque etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3855 veritas hic accipitur secundum quod est pars iustitiae, sed
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3856 secundum quod est quaedam conditio locutionis.</p><p title="II-II q. 89 a. 3 ad 2"><a name="42867"><span class="ref">[42867] IIª-IIae q. 89 a. 3 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3857 dicendum quod et devotio et fides, et omnia huiusmodi quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3858 exiguntur ad debitum modum iurandi, intelliguntur in iudicio. Alia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3859 enim duo pertinent ad rem de qua iuratur, ut dictum est. Quamvis
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3860 posset dici quod iustitia pertinet ad causam pro qua iuratur.</p><p title="II-II q. 89 a. 3 ad 3"><a name="42868"><span class="ref">[42868] IIª-IIae q. 89 a. 3 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3861 dicendum quod in iuramento est magnum periculum, tum propter Dei
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3862 magnitudinem, cuius testimonium invocatur; tum etiam propter
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3863 labilitatem linguae humanae, cuius verba iuramento confirmantur. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3864 ideo huiusmodi magis requiruntur ad iuramentum quam ad alios
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3865 humanos actus.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 4</h3><p title="II-II q. 89 a. 4 arg. 1"><a name="42869"><span class="ref">[42869] IIª-IIae q. 89 a. 4 arg. 1</span></a> Ad quartum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3866 sic proceditur. Videtur quod iuramentum non sit actus religionis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3867 sive latriae. Actus enim latriae sunt circa aliqua sacra et divina.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3868 Sed iuramenta adhibentur circa controversias humanas, ut apostolus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3869 dicit, ad Heb. VI. Ergo iurare non est actus religionis seu
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3870 latriae.</p><p title="II-II q. 89 a. 4 arg. 2"><a name="42870"><span class="ref">[42870] IIª-IIae q. 89 a. 4 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3871 ad religionem pertinet cultum Deo offerre, ut Tullius dicit. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3872 ille qui iurat nihil Deo offert, sed Deum inducit in testem. Ergo
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3873 iurare non est actus religionis.</p><p title="II-II q. 89 a. 4 arg. 3"><a name="42871"><span class="ref">[42871] IIª-IIae q. 89 a. 4 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3874 finis religionis seu latriae est reverentiam Deo exhibere. Hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3875 autem non est finis iuramenti, sed potius aliquod verbum
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3876 confirmare. Ergo iurare non est actus religionis.</p><p title="II-II q. 89 a. 4 s. c."><a name="42872"><span class="ref">[42872] IIª-IIae q. 89 a. 4 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3877 est quod dicitur Deut. VI, <i>dominum Deum tuum timebis, et ipsi
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3878 soli servies, ac per nomen illius iurabis</i>. Loquitur autem ibi
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3879 de servitute latriae. Ergo iurare est actus latriae.</p><p title="II-II q. 89 a. 4 co."><a name="42873"><span class="ref">[42873] IIª-IIae q. 89 a. 4 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3880 dicendum quod, sicut ex dictis patet, ille qui iurat invocat
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3881 divinum testimonium ad confirmandum ea quae dicit. Nihil autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3882 confirmatur nisi per aliquid quod certius est et potius. Et ideo in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3883 hoc ipso quod homo per Deum iurat, profitetur Deum potiorem, utpote
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3884 cuius veritas est indefectibilis et cognitio universalis, et sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3885 aliquo modo Deo reverentiam exhibet. Unde et apostolus dicit, ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3886 Heb. VI, quod <i>homines per maiores se iurant</i>. Et Hieronymus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3887 dicit, super Matth., quod <i>qui iurat, aut veneratur aut diligit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3888 eum per quem iurat</i>. Philosophus etiam dicit, in I Metaphys.,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3889 quod iuramentum est honorabilissimum. Exhibere autem reverentiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3890 Deo pertinet ad religionem sive latriam. Unde manifestum est quod
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3891 iuramentum est actus religionis sive latriae.</p><p title="II-II q. 89 a. 4 ad 1"><a name="42874"><span class="ref">[42874] IIª-IIae q. 89 a. 4 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3892 ergo dicendum quod in iuramento duo considerantur, scilicet
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3893 testimonium quod inducitur, et hoc est divinum; et id super quo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3894 inducitur testimonium, vel quod facit necessitatem testimonium
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3895 inducendi, et hoc est humanum. Pertinet ergo iuramentum ad
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3896 religionem ratione primi, non autem ratione secundi.</p><p title="II-II q. 89 a. 4 ad 2"><a name="42875"><span class="ref">[42875] IIª-IIae q. 89 a. 4 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3897 dicendum quod in hoc ipso quod aliquis assumit Deum in testem per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3898 modum iuramenti, profitetur eum maiorem, quod pertinet ad Dei
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3899 reverentiam. Et sic aliquid offert Deo, scilicet reverentiam et
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3900 honorem.</p><p title="II-II q. 89 a. 4 ad 3"><a name="42876"><span class="ref">[42876] IIª-IIae q. 89 a. 4 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3901 dicendum quod omnia quae facimus debemus in Dei reverentiam facere.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3902 Et ideo nihil prohibet si in hoc ipso quod intendimus hominem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3903 certificare, Deo reverentiam exhibeamus. Sic enim debemus aliquid
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3904 in Dei reverentiam facere ut ex hoc utilitas proximis proveniat,
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3905 quia etiam Deus operatur ad suam gloriam et nostram utilitatem.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 5</h3><p title="II-II q. 89 a. 5 arg. 1"><a name="42877"><span class="ref">[42877] IIª-IIae q. 89 a. 5 arg. 1</span></a> Ad quintum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3906 sic proceditur. Videtur quod iuramentum sit appetendum et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3907 frequentandum, tanquam utile et bonum. Sicut enim votum est actus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3908 latriae, ita et iuramentum. Sed facere aliquid ex voto est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3909 laudabilius et magis meritorium quia votum est actus latriae, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3910 supra dictum est. Ergo, pari ratione, facere vel dicere aliquid cum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3911 iuramento est laudabilius. Et sic iuramentum est appetendum tanquam
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3912 per se bonum.</p><p title="II-II q. 89 a. 5 arg. 2"><a name="42878"><span class="ref">[42878] IIª-IIae q. 89 a. 5 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3913 Hieronymus dicit, super Matth., quod <i>qui iurat, veneratur aut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3914 diligit eum per quem iurat</i>. Sed venerari aut diligere Deum est
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3915 appetendum tanquam per se bonum. Ergo et iuramentum.</p><p title="II-II q. 89 a. 5 arg. 3"><a name="42879"><span class="ref">[42879] IIª-IIae q. 89 a. 5 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3916 iuramentum ordinatur ad confirmationem seu certificationem. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3917 quod homo suum dictum confirmet, bonum est. Ergo iuramentum est
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3918 appetendum tanquam bonum.</p><p title="II-II q. 89 a. 5 s. c."><a name="42880"><span class="ref">[42880] IIª-IIae q. 89 a. 5 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3919 est quod dicitur Eccli. XXIII, <i>vir multum iurans replebitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3920 iniquitate</i>. Et Augustinus dicit, in libro de mendacio, quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3921 praeceptum domini de prohibitione iuramenti <i>ad hoc positum est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3922 ut, quantum in te est, non affectes, non, quasi pro bono, cum
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3923 aliqua delectatione appetas iusiurandum</i>.</p><p title="II-II q. 89 a. 5 co."><a name="42881"><span class="ref">[42881] IIª-IIae q. 89 a. 5 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3924 dicendum quod id quod non quaeritur nisi ad subveniendum alicui
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3925 defectui, non numeratur inter ea quae sunt per se appetenda, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3926 inter ea quae sunt necessaria, sicut patet de medicina, quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3927 quaeritur ad subveniendum infirmitati. Iuramentum autem quaeritur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3928 ad subveniendum alicui defectui, quo scilicet unus homo alteri
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3929 discredit. Et ideo iuramentum est habendum non inter ea quae sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3930 per se appetenda, sed inter ea quae sunt huic vitae necessaria,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3931 quibus indebite utitur quicumque eis utitur ultra terminos
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3932 necessitatis. Unde Augustinus dicit, in libro de Serm. Dom. in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3933 monte, <i>qui intelligit non in bonis, idest per se appetendis, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3934 in necessariis iurationem habendam, refrenat se quantum potest, ut
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3935 non ea utatur nisi necessitas cogat</i>.</p><p title="II-II q. 89 a. 5 ad 1"><a name="42882"><span class="ref">[42882] IIª-IIae q. 89 a. 5 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3936 ergo dicendum quod alia ratio est de voto, et de iuramento. Nam per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3937 votum aliquid in Dei reverentiam ordinamus, unde ex hoc ipso fit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3938 religionis actus. Sed in iuramento e converso reverentia divini
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3939 nominis assumitur ad promissi confirmationem. Et ideo illud quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3940 iuramento confirmatur non propter hoc fit religionis actus, quia
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3941 secundum finem morales actus species sortiuntur.</p><p title="II-II q. 89 a. 5 ad 2"><a name="42883"><span class="ref">[42883] IIª-IIae q. 89 a. 5 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3942 dicendum quod ille qui iurat utitur quidem veneratione aut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3943 dilectione eius per quem iurat, non autem ordinat iuramentum ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3944 venerandum aut diligendum eum per quem iurat, sed ad aliquid aliud
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3945 quod est necessarium praesenti vitae.</p><p title="II-II q. 89 a. 5 ad 3"><a name="42884"><span class="ref">[42884] IIª-IIae q. 89 a. 5 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3946 dicendum quod sicut medicina est utilis ad sanandum, et tamen
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3947 quanto est virtuosior, tanto maius nocumentum inducit si non debite
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3948 sumatur; ita etiam iuramentum utile quidem est ad confirmationem,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3949 tamen quanto est magis venerandum, tanto est magis periculosum nisi
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3950 debite inducatur. Quia, ut dicitur Eccli. XXIII, si frustraverit,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3951 idest deceperit fratrem, delictum illius supra ipsum erit; et si
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3952 dissimulaverit, quasi per simulationem iurando falsum, delinquit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3953 dupliciter (quia scilicet simulata aequitas est duplex iniquitas);
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3954 et si in vanum iuraverit, idest sine debita causa et necessitate,
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3955 non iustificabitur.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 6</h3><p title="II-II q. 89 a. 6 arg. 1"><a name="42885"><span class="ref">[42885] IIª-IIae q. 89 a. 6 arg. 1</span></a> Ad sextum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3956 sic proceditur. Videtur quod non liceat per creaturas iurare.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3957 Dicitur enim Matth. V, <i>ego dico vobis, non iurare omnino, neque
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3958 per caelum, neque per terram, neque per Ierosolymam, neque per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3959 caput tuum</i>, quod exponens Hieronymus dicit, <i>considera quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3960 hic salvator non per Deum iurare prohibuerit, sed per caelum et
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3961 terram,</i> et cetera.</p><p title="II-II q. 89 a. 6 arg. 2"><a name="42886"><span class="ref">[42886] IIª-IIae q. 89 a. 6 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3962 poena non debetur nisi culpae. Sed iuranti per creaturas adhibetur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3963 poena, dicitur enim XXII, qu. I, <i>clericum per creaturam iurantem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3964 acerrime obiurgandum, si perstiterit in vitio, excommunicandum
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3965 placuit</i>. Ergo illicitum est per creaturas iurare.</p><p title="II-II q. 89 a. 6 arg. 3"><a name="42887"><span class="ref">[42887] IIª-IIae q. 89 a. 6 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3966 iuramentum est actus latriae, sicut dictum est. Sed cultus latriae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3967 non debetur alicui creaturae, ut patet Rom. I. Ergo non licet
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3968 iurare per aliquam creaturam.</p><p title="II-II q. 89 a. 6 s. c."><a name="42888"><span class="ref">[42888] IIª-IIae q. 89 a. 6 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3969 est quod Ioseph iuravit per salutem Pharaonis, ut legitur Gen.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3970 XLII. Ex consuetudine etiam iuratur per Evangelium, et per
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3971 reliquias, et per sanctos.</p><p title="II-II q. 89 a. 6 co."><a name="42889"><span class="ref">[42889] IIª-IIae q. 89 a. 6 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3972 dicendum quod, sicut supra dictum est, duplex est iuramentum. Unum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3973 quidem quod fit per simplicem contestationem, inquantum scilicet
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3974 Dei testimonium invocatur. Et hoc iuramentum innititur divinae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3975 veritati, sicut et fides. Fides autem est per se quidem et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3976 principaliter de Deo, qui est ipsa veritas; secundario autem de
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3977 creaturis, in quibus veritas Dei relucet, ut supra habitum est. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3978 similiter iuramentum principaliter refertur ad ipsum Deum, cuius
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3979 testimonium invocatur, secundario autem assumuntur ad iuramentum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3980 aliquae creaturae non secundum se, sed inquantum in eis divina
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3981 veritas manifestatur; sicut iuramus per Evangelium, idest per Deum,
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3982 cuius veritas in Evangelio manifestatur; et per sanctos, qui hanc
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3983 veritatem crediderunt et observaverunt. Alius autem modus iurandi
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3984 est per execrationem. Et in hoc iuramento inducitur creatura aliqua
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3985 ut in qua divinum iudicium exerceatur. Et sic solet homo iurare per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3986 caput suum, vel per filium suum, aut per aliquam aliam rem quam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3987 diligit. Sicut et apostolus iuravit, II ad Cor. I, dicens, <i>ego
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3988 testem Deum invoco in animam meam</i>. Quod autem Ioseph per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3989 salutem Pharaonis iuravit, utroque modo potest intelligi, vel per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3990 modum execrationis, quasi salutem Pharaonis obligaverit Deo; vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3991 per modum contestationis, quasi contestando veritatem divinae
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
3992 iustitiae, ad cuius executionem principes terrae constituuntur.</p><p title="II-II q. 89 a. 6 ad 1"><a name="42890"><span class="ref">[42890] IIª-IIae q. 89 a. 6 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3993 ergo dicendum quod dominus prohibuit iurare per creaturas ita quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3994 eis adhibeatur reverentia divina. Unde Hieronymus ibidem subdit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3995 quod Iudaei, per Angelos, et cetera huiusmodi, iurantes, creaturas
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3996 venerabantur Dei honore. Et eadem ratione punitur secundum canones
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3997 clericus per creaturam iurans, quod ad blasphemiam infidelitatis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3998 pertinet. Unde in sequenti capitulo dicitur, <i>si quis per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
3999 capillum Dei vel caput iuraverit, vel alio modo blasphemia contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4000 Deum usus fuerit, si in ecclesiastico ordine est,
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4001 deponatur</i>.</p><p title="II-II q. 89 a. 6 ad 2"><a name="42891"><span class="ref">[42891] IIª-IIae q. 89 a. 6 ad 2</span></a> Et per hoc
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4002 patet responsio ad secundum.</p><p title="II-II q. 89 a. 6 ad 3"><a name="42892"><span class="ref">[42892] IIª-IIae q. 89 a. 6 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4003 dicendum quod cultus latriae adhibetur ei cuius testimonium iurando
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4004 invocatur. Et ideo praecipitur Exod. XXIII, per nomen externorum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4005 deorum non iurabitis. Non autem exhibetur cultus latriae creaturis
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4006 quae in iuramento assumuntur secundum modos praedictos.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 7</h3><p title="II-II q. 89 a. 7 arg. 1"><a name="42893"><span class="ref">[42893] IIª-IIae q. 89 a. 7 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4007 septimum sic proceditur. Videtur quod iuramentum non habeat vim
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4008 obligandi. Inducitur enim iuramentum ad confirmandum veritatem eius
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4009 quod dicitur. Sed quando aliquis dicit aliquid de futuro, verum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4010 dicit etiam si non eveniat quod dicit, sicut Paulus, quamvis non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4011 iverit Corinthum, sicut dixerat, non tamen est mentitus, ut patet
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
4012 II Cor. I. Ergo videtur quod iuramentum non sit obligatorium.</p><p title="II-II q. 89 a. 7 arg. 2"><a name="42894"><span class="ref">[42894] IIª-IIae q. 89 a. 7 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4013 virtus non est virtuti contraria, ut dicitur in praedicamentis. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4014 iuramentum est actus virtutis, ut dictum est. Quandoque autem esset
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4015 contra virtutem, aut in aliquod eius impedimentum, si quis servaret
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4016 id quod iuravit, sicut cum aliquis iurat se facere aliquod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4017 peccatum, vel cum iurat desistere ab aliquo opere virtutis. Ergo
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4018 iuramentum non semper est obligatorium.</p><p title="II-II q. 89 a. 7 arg. 3"><a name="42895"><span class="ref">[42895] IIª-IIae q. 89 a. 7 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4019 quandoque aliquis invitus compellitur ad hoc quod sub iuramento
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4020 aliquid promittat. Sed <i>tales a iuramenti nexibus sunt per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4021 Romanos pontifices absoluti</i>, ut habetur extra, de iureiurando,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4022 cap. verum in ea quaestione et cetera. Ergo iuramentum non semper
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4023 est obligatorium.</p><p title="II-II q. 89 a. 7 arg. 4"><a name="42896"><span class="ref">[42896] IIª-IIae q. 89 a. 7 arg. 4</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4024 nullus potest obligari ad duo opposita. Sed quandoque oppositum est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4025 quod intendit iurans, et quod intendit ille cui iuramentum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4026 praestatur. Ergo iuramentum non potest semper esse
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4027 obligatorium.</p><p title="II-II q. 89 a. 7 s. c."><a name="42897"><span class="ref">[42897] IIª-IIae q. 89 a. 7 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4028 est quod dicitur Matth. V, <i>reddes domino iuramenta tua</i>.</p><p title="II-II q. 89 a. 7 co."><a name="42898"><span class="ref">[42898] IIª-IIae q. 89 a. 7 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4029 dicendum quod obligatio refertur ad aliquid quod est faciendum vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4030 dimittendum. Unde non videtur respicere iuramentum assertorium,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4031 quod est de praesenti vel de praeterito; neque etiam iuramentum de
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4032 his quae sunt per alias causas fienda, sicut si quis iuramento
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4033 assereret quod cras pluvia esset futura; sed solum in his quae sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4034 fienda per illum qui iurat. Sicut autem iuramentum assertorium,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4035 quod est de praeterito vel de praesenti, debet habere veritatem,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4036 ita etiam et iuramentum de his quae sunt fienda a nobis in futurum.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4037 Et ideo utrumque iuramentum habet quandam obligationem, diversimode
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4038 tamen. Quia in iuramento quod est de praeterito vel praesenti,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4039 obligatio est non respectu rei quae iam fuit vel est, sed respectu
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4040 ipsius actus iurandi, ut scilicet iuret id quod iam verum est vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4041 fuit. Sed in iuramento quod praestatur de his quae sunt fienda a
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4042 nobis, obligatio cadit e converso super rem quam aliquis iuramento
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4043 firmavit. Tenetur enim aliquis ut faciat verum esse id quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4044 iuravit, alioquin deest veritas iuramento. Si autem est talis res
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4045 quae in eius potestate non fuit, deest iuramento discretionis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4046 iudicium, nisi forte quod erat ei possibile quando iuravit, ei
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4047 reddatur impossibile per aliquem eventum; puta cum aliquis iuravit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4048 se pecuniam soluturum, quae ei postmodum vi vel furto subtrahitur.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4049 Tunc enim videtur excusatus esse a faciendo quod iuravit, licet
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4050 teneatur facere quod in se est, sicut etiam supra circa
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4051 obligationem voti diximus. Si vero sit quidem possibile fieri, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4052 fieri non debeat, vel quia est per se malum, vel quia est boni
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4053 impeditivum, tunc iuramento deest iustitia. Et ideo iuramentum non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4054 est servandum in eo casu quo est peccatum vel boni impeditivum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4055 secundum enim utrumque horum vergit in deteriorem exitum. Sic ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4056 dicendum est quod quicumque iurat aliquid se facturum, obligatur ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4057 id faciendum, ad hoc quod veritas impleatur, si tamen alii duo
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4058 comites adsint, scilicet iudicium et iustitia.</p><p title="II-II q. 89 a. 7 ad 1"><a name="42899"><span class="ref">[42899] IIª-IIae q. 89 a. 7 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4059 ergo dicendum quod aliud est de simplici verbo, aliud de iuramento,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4060 in quo divinum testimonium imploratur. Sufficit enim ad veritatem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4061 verbi quod aliquis dicat id quod proponit se facturum, quia hoc iam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4062 verum est in sua causa, scilicet in proposito facientis. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4063 iuramentum adhiberi non debet nisi in re de qua aliquis firmiter
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4064 certus est. Et ideo si iuramentum adhibeatur, propter reverentiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4065 divini testimonii quod invocatur, obligatur homo ut faciat esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4066 verum id quod iuravit, secundum suam possibilitatem, nisi in
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4067 deteriorem exitum vergat, ut dictum est.</p><p title="II-II q. 89 a. 7 ad 2"><a name="42900"><span class="ref">[42900] IIª-IIae q. 89 a. 7 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4068 dicendum quod iuramentum potest vergere in deteriorem exitum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4069 dupliciter. Uno modo, quia ab ipso principio habet peiorem exitum.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4070 Vel quia est secundum se malum, sicut cum aliquis iurat se
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4071 adulterium patraturum. Sive quia est maioris boni impeditivum, puta
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4072 cum aliquis iurat se non intraturum religionem, vel quod non fiet
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4073 clericus, aut quod non accipiet praelationem in casu in quo expedit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4074 eum accipere, vel si quid aliud est huiusmodi. Huiusmodi enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4075 iuramentum a principio est illicitum, differenter tamen. Quia si
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4076 quis iuret se facturum aliquod peccatum, et peccat iurando, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4077 peccat iuramentum servando. Si quis autem iurat se non facturum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4078 aliquod melius bonum, quod tamen facere non tenetur, peccat quidem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4079 iurando, inquantum ponit obicem spiritui sancto, qui est boni
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4080 propositi inspirator, non tamen peccat iuramentum servando, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4081 multo melius facit si non servet. Alio modo vergit in deteriorem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4082 exitum propter aliquid quod de novo emerserat, quod fuit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4083 impraemeditatum, sicut patet in iuramento Herodis, qui iuravit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4084 puellae saltanti se daturum quod petisset. Hoc enim iuramentum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4085 poterat esse a principio licitum, intellecta debita conditione,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4086 scilicet si peteret quod dare deceret, sed impletio iuramenti fuit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4087 illicita. Unde Ambrosius dicit, in I de officiis, <i>est contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4088 officium nonnunquam promissum solvere sacramentum, sicut Herodes,
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4089 qui necem Ioannis praestavit ne promissum negaret</i>.</p><p title="II-II q. 89 a. 7 ad 3"><a name="42901"><span class="ref">[42901] IIª-IIae q. 89 a. 7 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4090 dicendum quod in iuramento quod quis coactus facit, duplex est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4091 obligatio. Una quidem qua obligatur homini cui aliquid promittit.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4092 Et talis obligatio tollitur per coactionem, quia ille qui vim
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4093 intulit hoc meretur, ut ei promissum non servetur. Alia autem est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4094 obligatio qua quis Deo obligatur ut impleat quod per nomen eius
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4095 promisit. Et talis obligatio non tollitur in foro conscientiae,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4096 quia magis debet damnum temporale sustinere quam iuramentum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4097 violare. Potest tamen repetere in iudicio quod solvit, vel praelato
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4098 denuntiare, non obstante si contrarium iuravit, quia tale
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4099 iuramentum vergeret in deteriorem exitum, esset enim contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4100 iustitiam publicam. Romani autem pontifices ab huiusmodi iuramentis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4101 homines absolverunt non quasi decernentes huiusmodi iuramenta non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4102 esse obligatoria, sed quasi huiusmodi obligationes ex iusta causa
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4103 relaxantes.</p><p title="II-II q. 89 a. 7 ad 4"><a name="42902"><span class="ref">[42902] IIª-IIae q. 89 a. 7 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4104 dicendum quod quando non est eadem iurantis intentio et eius cui
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4105 iurat, si hoc provenit ex dolo iurantis, debet iuramentum servari
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4106 secundum sanum intellectum eius cui iuramentum praestatur. Unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4107 Isidorus dicit, <i>quacumque arte verborum quis iuret, Deus tamen,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4108 qui conscientiae testis est, ita hoc accipit sicut ille cui iuratur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4109 intelligit</i>. Et quod hoc intelligatur de doloso iuramento, patet
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4110 per id quod subditur, dupliciter reus fit <i>qui et nomen Dei in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4111 vanum assumit, et proximum dolo capit</i>. Si autem iurans dolum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4112 non adhibeat, obligatur secundum intentionem iurantis. Unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4113 Gregorius dicit, XXVI Moral., <i>humanae aures talia verba nostra
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4114 iudicant qualia foris sonant, divina vero iudicia talia foris
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4115 audiunt qualia ex intimis proferuntur</i>.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 8</h3><p title="II-II q. 89 a. 8 arg. 1"><a name="42903"><span class="ref">[42903] IIª-IIae q. 89 a. 8 arg. 1</span></a> Ad octavum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4116 sic proceditur. Videtur quod maior sit obligatio iuramenti quam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4117 voti. Votum enim est simplex promissio. Sed iuramentum supra
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4118 promissionem adhibet divinum testimonium. Ergo maior est obligatio
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4119 iuramenti quam voti.</p><p title="II-II q. 89 a. 8 arg. 2"><a name="42904"><span class="ref">[42904] IIª-IIae q. 89 a. 8 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4120 debilius solet per fortius confirmari. Sed votum interdum
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4121 confirmatur iuramento. Ergo iuramentum est fortius quam votum.</p><p title="II-II q. 89 a. 8 arg. 3"><a name="42905"><span class="ref">[42905] IIª-IIae q. 89 a. 8 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4122 obligatio voti causatur ex animi deliberatione, ut supra dictum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4123 est. Obligatio autem iuramenti causatur ex divina veritate, cuius
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4124 testimonium invocatur. Cum ergo veritas Dei excedat deliberationem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4125 humanam, videtur quod obligatio iuramenti sit fortior quam
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4126 obligatio voti.</p><p title="II-II q. 89 a. 8 s. c."><a name="42906"><span class="ref">[42906] IIª-IIae q. 89 a. 8 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4127 per votum obligatur aliquis Deo, per iuramentum obligatur interdum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4128 homini. Magis autem obligatur homo Deo quam homini. Ergo maior est
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4129 obligatio voti quam iuramenti.</p><p title="II-II q. 89 a. 8 co."><a name="42907"><span class="ref">[42907] IIª-IIae q. 89 a. 8 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4130 dicendum quod utraque obligatio, scilicet voti et iuramenti,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4131 causatur ex aliquo divino, aliter tamen et aliter. Nam obligatio
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4132 voti causatur ex fidelitate quam Deo debemus, ut scilicet ei
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4133 promissum solvamus. Obligatio autem iuramenti causatur ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4134 reverentia quam debemus ei, ex qua tenemur quod verificemus id quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4135 per nomen eius promittimus. Omnis autem infidelitas irreverentiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4136 continet, sed non convertitur, videtur enim infidelitas subiecti ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4137 dominum esse maxima irreverentia. Et ideo votum ex ratione sua
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4138 magis est obligatorium quam iuramentum.</p><p title="II-II q. 89 a. 8 ad 1"><a name="42908"><span class="ref">[42908] IIª-IIae q. 89 a. 8 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4139 ergo dicendum quod votum est promissio non quaecumque, sed Deo
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4140 facta, cui infidelem esse gravissimum est.</p><p title="II-II q. 89 a. 8 ad 2"><a name="42909"><span class="ref">[42909] IIª-IIae q. 89 a. 8 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4141 dicendum quod iuramentum non adhibetur voto quasi aliquid firmius,
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4142 sed ut per duas res immobiles maior firmitas adhibeatur.</p><p title="II-II q. 89 a. 8 ad 3"><a name="42910"><span class="ref">[42910] IIª-IIae q. 89 a. 8 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4143 dicendum quod deliberatio animi dat firmitatem voto quantum ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4144 parte voventis est. Habet tamen maiorem firmitatis causam ex parte
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4145 Dei, cui votum offertur.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 9</h3><p title="II-II q. 89 a. 9 arg. 1"><a name="42911"><span class="ref">[42911] IIª-IIae q. 89 a. 9 arg. 1</span></a> Ad nonum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4146 sic proceditur. Videtur quod nullus possit dispensare in iuramento.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4147 Sicut enim veritas requiritur ad iuramentum assertorium, quod est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4148 de praeterito vel praesenti, ita ad iuramentum promissorium, quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4149 est de futuro. Sed nullus potest cum aliquo dispensare quod de
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4150 praeteritis vel praesentibus iuret contra veritatem. Ergo etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4151 nullus potest dispensare quod non faciat aliquis esse verum id quod
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4152 cum iuramento in futurum promisit.</p><p title="II-II q. 89 a. 9 arg. 2"><a name="42912"><span class="ref">[42912] IIª-IIae q. 89 a. 9 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4153 iuramentum promissorium inducitur ad utilitatem eius cui fit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4154 promissio. Sed ille, ut videtur, non potest relaxare, quia est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4155 contra divinam reverentiam. Ergo multo minus per aliquem potest
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4156 super hoc dispensari.</p><p title="II-II q. 89 a. 9 arg. 3"><a name="42913"><span class="ref">[42913] IIª-IIae q. 89 a. 9 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4157 in voto quilibet episcopus potest dispensare, exceptis quibusdam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4158 votis quae soli Papae reservantur, ut supra habitum est. Ergo, pari
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4159 ratione, in iuramento, si esset dispensabile, quilibet episcopus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4160 posset dispensare. Quod tamen videtur esse contra iura. Non ergo
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4161 videtur quod in iuramento possit dispensari.</p><p title="II-II q. 89 a. 9 s. c."><a name="42914"><span class="ref">[42914] IIª-IIae q. 89 a. 9 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4162 est quod votum est maioris obligationis quam iuramentum, ut supra
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4163 dictum est. Sed in voto potest dispensari. Ergo in iuramento.</p><p title="II-II q. 89 a. 9 co."><a name="42915"><span class="ref">[42915] IIª-IIae q. 89 a. 9 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4164 dicendum quod, sicut supra dictum est, necessitas dispensationis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4165 tam in lege quam in voto est propter hoc quod id quod in se, vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4166 universaliter consideratum, est utile et honestum, secundum aliquem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4167 particularem eventum potest esse inhonestum et nocivum, quod non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4168 potest cadere nec sub lege nec sub voto. Quod autem aliquid sit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4169 inhonestum vel noxium, repugnat his quae debent attendi in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4170 iuramento, nam si sit inhonestum, repugnat iustitiae; si sit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4171 noxium, repugnat iudicio. Et ideo, pari ratione, etiam in iuramento
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4172 dispensari potest.</p><p title="II-II q. 89 a. 9 ad 1"><a name="42916"><span class="ref">[42916] IIª-IIae q. 89 a. 9 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4173 ergo dicendum quod dispensatio quae fit in iuramento non se
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4174 extendit ad hoc quod aliquid contra iuramentum fiat, hoc enim est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4175 impossibile, cum observatio iuramenti cadat sub praecepto divino,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4176 quod est indispensabile. Sed ad hoc se extendit dispensatio
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4177 iuramenti ut id quod sub iuramento cadebat, sub iuramento non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4178 cadat, quasi non existens debita materia iuramenti, sicut et de
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4179 voto supra diximus. Materia autem iuramenti assertorii, quod est de
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4180 praeterito vel praesenti, in quandam necessitatem iam transiit, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4181 immutabilis facta est, et ideo dispensatio non referretur ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4182 materiam, sed referretur ad ipsum actum iuramenti; unde talis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4183 dispensatio directe esset contra praeceptum divinum. Sed materia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4184 iuramenti promissorii est aliquid futurum, quod variari potest, ita
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4185 scilicet quod in aliquo eventu potest esse illicitum vel nocivum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4186 et per consequens non esse debita materia iuramenti. Et ideo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4187 dispensari potest in iuramento promissorio, quia talis dispensatio
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4188 respicit materiam iuramenti, et non contrariatur praecepto divino
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4189 de iuramenti observatione.</p><p title="II-II q. 89 a. 9 ad 2"><a name="42917"><span class="ref">[42917] IIª-IIae q. 89 a. 9 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4190 dicendum quod homo potest alteri promittere aliquid sub iuramento
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4191 dupliciter. Uno modo, quasi pertinens ad utilitatem ipsius, puta si
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4192 sub iuramento promittat se serviturum ei, vel pecuniam daturum. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4193 a tali promissione potest absolvere ille cui promissio facta est,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4194 intelligitur enim iam ei solvisse promissum quando facit de eo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4195 secundum eius voluntatem. Alio modo promittit aliquis alteri quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4196 pertinet ad honorem Dei vel utilitatem aliorum, puta si aliquis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4197 iuramento promittat alicui se intraturum religionem, vel aliquod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4198 opus pietatis facturum. Et tunc ille cui promittitur non potest
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4199 absolvere promittentem, quia promissio non est facta ei
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4200 principaliter, sed Deo, nisi forte sit interposita conditio,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4201 scilicet, si illi videbitur cui promittit, vel aliquid aliud
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4202 tale.</p><p title="II-II q. 89 a. 9 ad 3"><a name="42918"><span class="ref">[42918] IIª-IIae q. 89 a. 9 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4203 dicendum quod quandoque illud quod cadit sub iuramento promissorio
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4204 est manifeste repugnans iustitiae, vel quia est peccatum, sicut cum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4205 aliquis iurat se facturum homicidium; vel quia est maioris boni
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4206 impeditivum, sicut cum aliquis iurat se non intraturum religionem.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4207 Et tale iuramentum dispensatione non indiget, sed in primo casu
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4208 tenetur aliquis tale iuramentum non servare; in secundo autem casu
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4209 licitum est et servare et non servare, ut supra dictum est.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4210 Quandoque vero aliquid sub iuramento promittitur de quo dubium est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4211 utrum sit licitum vel illicitum, proficuum vel nocivum, aut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4212 simpliciter aut in aliquo casu. Et in hoc potest quilibet episcopus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4213 dispensare quandoque vero sub iuramento promittitur aliquid quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4214 est manifeste licitum et utile. Et in tali iuramento non videtur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4215 habere locum dispensatio, sed commutatio, si aliquid melius
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4216 faciendum occurrat ad communem utilitatem, quod maxime videtur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4217 pertinere ad potestatem Papae, qui habet curam universalis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4218 Ecclesiae; vel etiam absoluta relaxatio, quod etiam ad Papam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4219 pertinet, in omnibus generaliter quae ad dispensationem rerum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4220 ecclesiasticarum pertinent, super quas habet plenitudinem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4221 potestatis; sicut et ad unumquemque pertinet irritare iuramentum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4222 quod a sibi subditis factum est circa ea quae eius potestati
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4223 subduntur; sicut pater potest irritare iuramentum puellae et vir
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4224 uxoris, ut dicitur Num. XXX, sicut et supra de voto dictum est.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 10</h3><p title="II-II q. 89 a. 10 arg. 1"><a name="42919"><span class="ref">[42919] IIª-IIae q. 89 a. 10 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4225 decimum sic proceditur. Videtur quod iuramentum non impediatur per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4226 aliquam conditionem personae vel temporis. Iuramentum enim ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4227 confirmationem inducitur, ut patet per apostolum, ad Heb. VI. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4228 cuilibet convenit confirmare dictum suum, et quolibet tempore. Ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4229 videtur quod iuramentum non impediatur propter aliquam conditionem
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4230 personae vel temporis.</p><p title="II-II q. 89 a. 10 arg. 2"><a name="42920"><span class="ref">[42920] IIª-IIae q. 89 a. 10 arg. 2</span></a>
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4231 Praeterea, maius est iurare per Deum quam per Evangelia, unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4232 Chrysostomus dicit, <i>si aliqua causa fuerit, modicum videtur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4233 facere qui iurat per Deum, qui autem iurat per Evangelium, maius
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4234 aliquid fecisse videtur. Quibus dicendum est, stulti, Scripturae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4235 propter Deum factae sunt, non Deus propter Scripturas</i>. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4236 cuiuslibet conditionis personae, et quolibet tempore, in communi
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4237 locutione consueverunt iurare per Deum. Ergo multo magis licitum
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4238 est eis iurare per Evangelia.</p><p title="II-II q. 89 a. 10 arg. 3"><a name="42921"><span class="ref">[42921] IIª-IIae q. 89 a. 10 arg. 3</span></a>
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4239 Praeterea, idem non causatur ex contrariis causis, quia contrariae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4240 causae sunt contrariorum. Sed aliqui excluduntur a iuramento
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4241 propter defectum personae, sicut pueri ante quatuordecim annos, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4242 etiam illi qui semel fuerunt periuri. Non ergo videtur quod aliqui
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4243 prohibeantur iurare vel propter dignitatem, sicut clerici; aut
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4244 etiam propter temporis solemnitatem.</p><p title="II-II q. 89 a. 10 arg. 4"><a name="42922"><span class="ref">[42922] IIª-IIae q. 89 a. 10 arg. 4</span></a>
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4245 Praeterea, nullus homo vivens in hoc mundo est tantae dignitatis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4246 sicut Angeli, dicitur enim Matth. XI quod <i>qui minor est in regno
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4247 caelorum maior est illo</i>, scilicet Ioanne Baptista adhuc in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4248 mundo vivente. Sed Angelo convenit iurare, dicitur enim Apoc. X
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4249 quod <i>Angelus iuravit per viventem in saecula saeculorum</i>.
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4250 Ergo nullus homo propter dignitatem debet excusari a iuramento.</p><p title="II-II q. 89 a. 10 s. c."><a name="42923"><span class="ref">[42923] IIª-IIae q. 89 a. 10 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4251 est quod habetur II, qu. V, <i>presbyter, vice iuramenti, per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4252 sanctam consecrationem interrogetur</i>. Et XXII, qu. V, dicitur,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4253 <i>nullus ex ecclesiastico ordine cuiquam laico quidquam super
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4254 sancta Evangelia iurare praesumat</i>.</p><p title="II-II q. 89 a. 10 co."><a name="42924"><span class="ref">[42924] IIª-IIae q. 89 a. 10 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4255 dicendum quod in iuramento duo sunt consideranda. Unum quidem ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4256 parte Dei, cuius testimonium inducitur. Et quantum ad hoc, debetur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4257 iuramento maxima reverentia. Et propter hoc a iuramento excluduntur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4258 et pueri ante annos pubertatis, qui non coguntur ad iurandum, quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4259 nondum habent perfectum usum rationis, quo possint cum reverentia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4260 debita iuramentum praestare, et iterum periuri, qui ad iuramentum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4261 non admittuntur, quia ex retroactis praesumitur quod debitam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4262 reverentiam iuramento non exhibebunt. Et propter hoc etiam, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4263 iuramento debita reverentia exhibeatur, dicitur XXII, qu. V,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4264 <i>honestum est ut qui in sanctis audet iurare, hoc ieiunus faciat,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4265 cum omni honestate et timore Dei</i>. Aliud autem est considerandum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4266 ex parte hominis, cuius dictum iuramento confirmatur. Non enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4267 indiget dictum hominis confirmatione nisi quia de eo dubitatur. Hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4268 autem derogat dignitati personae, ut dubitetur de veritate eorum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4269 quae dicit. Et ideo personis magnae dignitatis non convenit iurare.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4270 Propter quod dicitur II, qu. V, cap. si quis presbyter, quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4271 <i>sacerdotes ex levi causa iurare non debent</i>. Tamen pro aliqua
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4272 necessitate, vel magna utilitate, licitum est eis iurare, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4273 praecipue pro spiritualibus negotiis. Pro quibus etiam iuramenta
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4274 competit praestare in solemnibus diebus, quibus est spiritualibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4275 rebus vacandum, non autem tunc sunt iuramenta praestanda pro rebus
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4276 temporalibus, nisi forte ex magna necessitate.</p><p title="II-II q. 89 a. 10 ad 1"><a name="42925"><span class="ref">[42925] IIª-IIae q. 89 a. 10 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4277 ergo dicendum quod quidam sunt qui dictum suum confirmare non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4278 possunt propter eorum defectum, et quidam sunt quorum dictum adeo
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4279 debet esse certum quod confirmatione non egeat.</p><p title="II-II q. 89 a. 10 ad 2"><a name="42926"><span class="ref">[42926] IIª-IIae q. 89 a. 10 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4280 dicendum quod iuramentum, secundum se consideratum, tanto sanctius
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4281 est et magis obligat quanto maius est id per quod iuratur, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4282 Augustinus dicit, ad Publicolam. Et secundum hoc, maius est iurare
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4283 per Deum quam per Evangelia. Sed potest esse e converso propter
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4284 modum iurandi, utpote si iuramentum quod fit per Evangelia, fiat
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4285 cum quadam deliberatione et solemnitate; iuramentum autem quod fit
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4286 per Deum, fiat leviter et absque deliberatione.</p><p title="II-II q. 89 a. 10 ad 3"><a name="42927"><span class="ref">[42927] IIª-IIae q. 89 a. 10 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4287 dicendum quod nihil prohibet aliquid tolli ex contrariis causis per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4288 modum superabundantiae et defectus. Et hoc modo aliqui impediuntur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4289 a iuramento quia sunt maioris auctoritatis quam quod eos iurare
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4290 deceat, aliqui vero quia sunt minoris auctoritatis quam quod eorum
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4291 iuramento stetur.</p><p title="II-II q. 89 a. 10 ad 4"><a name="42928"><span class="ref">[42928] IIª-IIae q. 89 a. 10 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4292 dicendum quod iuramentum Angeli inducitur non propter defectum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4293 ipsius, quasi non sit eius simplici dicto credendum, sed ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4294 ostendendum id quod dicitur ex infallibili Dei dispositione
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4295 procedere. Sicut etiam et Deus aliquando in Scripturis iurans
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4296 inducitur, ad ostendendum immobilitatem eius quod dicitur, sicut
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4297 apostolus dicit, ad Heb. VI.</p></div></div><div class="q" id="q90"><h2>Quaestio 90</h2><div class="p"><h3>Prooemium</h3><p title="II-II q. 90 pr."><a name="42929"><span class="ref">[42929] IIª-IIae q. 90 pr.</span></a> Deinde
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4298 considerandum est de assumptione divini nominis per modum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4299 adiurationis. Et circa hoc quaeruntur tria. Primo, utrum liceat
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4300 adiurare homines. Secundo, utrum liceat adiurare Daemones. Tertio,
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4301 utrum liceat adiurare irrationales creaturas.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 1</h3><p title="II-II q. 90 a. 1 arg. 1"><a name="42930"><span class="ref">[42930] IIª-IIae q. 90 a. 1 arg. 1</span></a> Ad primum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4302 sic proceditur. Videtur quod non liceat hominem adiurare. Dicit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4303 enim Origenes, super Matth., <i>aestimo quoniam non oportet ut vir
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4304 qui vult secundum Evangelium vivere, adiuret alterum. Si enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4305 iurare non licet, quantum ad evangelicum Christi mandatum, notum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4306 est quia nec adiurare alterum licet. Propterea manifestum est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4307 quoniam princeps sacerdotum Iesum illicite adiuravit per Deum
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4308 vivum</i>.</p><p title="II-II q. 90 a. 1 arg. 2"><a name="42931"><span class="ref">[42931] IIª-IIae q. 90 a. 1 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4309 quicumque adiurat aliquem, quodammodo ipsum compellit. Sed non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4310 licet alium invitum cogere. Ergo videtur quod nec liceat aliquem
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4311 adiurare.</p><p title="II-II q. 90 a. 1 arg. 3"><a name="42932"><span class="ref">[42932] IIª-IIae q. 90 a. 1 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4312 adiurare est aliquem ad iurandum inducere. Sed inducere aliquem ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4313 iurandum est superiorum, qui inferioribus iuramenta imponunt. Ergo
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4314 inferiores superiores suos non possunt adiurare.</p><p title="II-II q. 90 a. 1 s. c."><a name="42933"><span class="ref">[42933] IIª-IIae q. 90 a. 1 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4315 est quod etiam Deum obsecramus per aliqua sacra eum obtestantes.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4316 Apostolus etiam fideles obsecrat per misericordia Dei, ut patet
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4317 Rom. XII, quod videtur ad quandam adiurationem pertinere. Ergo
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4318 licitum est alios adiurare.</p><p title="II-II q. 90 a. 1 co."><a name="42934"><span class="ref">[42934] IIª-IIae q. 90 a. 1 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4319 dicendum quod ille qui iurat iuramento promissorio, per reverentiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4320 divini nominis, quod ad confirmationem suae promissionis inducit,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4321 seipsum obligat ad faciendum quod promittit, quod est seipsum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4322 immobiliter ordinare ad aliquid agendum. Sicut autem homo seipsum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4323 ordinare potest ad aliquid agendum, ita etiam et alios, superiores
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4324 quidem deprecando, inferiores autem imperando, ut ex supradictis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4325 patet. Cum igitur utraque ordinatio per aliquod divinum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4326 confirmatur, est adiuratio. In hoc tamen differt, quod homo est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4327 suorum actuum dominus, non autem est dominus eorum quae sunt ab
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4328 alio agenda. Et ideo sibi ipsi potest necessitatem imponere per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4329 divini nominis invocationem, non autem hanc necessitatem potest
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4330 aliis imponere, nisi subditis, quos potest ex debito praestiti
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4331 iuramenti compellere. Si igitur aliquis per invocationem divini
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4332 nominis, vel cuiuscumque rei sacrae, alicui non sibi subdito
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4333 adiurando necessitatem agendi aliquid imponere intendat, sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4334 imponit sibi ipsi iurando, talis adiuratio illicita est, quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4335 usurpat potestatem in alium quam non habet. Tamen propter aliquam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4336 necessitatem superiores suos inferiores tali genere adiurationis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4337 constringere possunt. Si vero intendat solummodo per reverentiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4338 divini nominis, vel alicuius rei sacrae, aliquid ab alio obtinere
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4339 absque necessitatis impositione, talis adiuratio licita est
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4340 respectu quorumlibet.</p><p title="II-II q. 90 a. 1 ad 1"><a name="42935"><span class="ref">[42935] IIª-IIae q. 90 a. 1 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4341 ergo dicendum quod Origenes loquitur de adiuratione qua aliquis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4342 alicui necessitatem imponere intendit, sicut imponit sibi ipsi
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4343 iurando, sic enim princeps sacerdotum praesumpsit dominum Iesum
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4344 Christum adiurare.</p><p title="II-II q. 90 a. 1 ad 2"><a name="42936"><span class="ref">[42936] IIª-IIae q. 90 a. 1 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4345 dicendum quod illa ratio procedit de adiuratione quae necessitatem
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4346 imponit.</p><p title="II-II q. 90 a. 1 ad 3"><a name="42937"><span class="ref">[42937] IIª-IIae q. 90 a. 1 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4347 dicendum quod adiurare non est aliquem ad iurandum inducere, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4348 per quandam similitudinem iuramenti a se inducti, alium ad aliquid
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4349 agendum provocare. Aliter tamen adiuratione utimur ad hominem, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4350 aliter ad Deum. Nam adiurando hominis voluntatem per reverentiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4351 rei sacrae immutare intendimus, quod quidem non intendimus circa
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4352 Deum, cuius voluntas est immutabilis; sed quod a Deo per aeternam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4353 eius voluntatem aliquid obtineamus, non est ex meritis nostris, sed
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4354 ex eius bonitate.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 2</h3><p title="II-II q. 90 a. 2 arg. 1"><a name="42938"><span class="ref">[42938] IIª-IIae q. 90 a. 2 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4355 secundum sic proceditur. Videtur quod non liceat Daemones adiurare.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4356 Dicit enim Origenes, super Matth., <i>non est secundum potestatem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4357 datam a salvatore adiurare Daemonia, Iudaicum enim est hoc</i>. Non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4358 autem debemus Iudaeorum ritus imitari, sed potius uti potestate a
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4359 Christo data. Ergo non est licitum Daemones adiurare.</p><p title="II-II q. 90 a. 2 arg. 2"><a name="42939"><span class="ref">[42939] IIª-IIae q. 90 a. 2 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4360 multi nigromanticis incantationibus Daemones per aliquid divinum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4361 invocant, quod est adiurare. Si igitur licitum est Daemones
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4362 adiurare, licitum est nigromanticis incantationibus uti. Quod patet
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4363 esse falsum. Ergo et primum.</p><p title="II-II q. 90 a. 2 arg. 3"><a name="42940"><span class="ref">[42940] IIª-IIae q. 90 a. 2 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4364 quicumque adiurat aliquem, ex hoc ipso aliquam societatem cum ipso
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4365 facit. Sed non licet cum Daemonibus societatem facere, secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4366 illud I Cor. X, <i>nolo vos socios fieri Daemoniorum</i>. Ergo non
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4367 licet Daemones adiurare.</p><p title="II-II q. 90 a. 2 s. c."><a name="42941"><span class="ref">[42941] IIª-IIae q. 90 a. 2 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4368 est quod dicitur Marc. ult., <i>in nomine meo Daemonia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4369 eiicient</i>. Sed inducere alium ad aliquid agendum propter nomen
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4370 divinum, hoc est adiurare. Ergo licitum est Daemones adiurare.</p><p title="II-II q. 90 a. 2 co."><a name="42942"><span class="ref">[42942] IIª-IIae q. 90 a. 2 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4371 dicendum quod, sicut dictum est, duplex est adiurandi modus, unus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4372 quidem per modum deprecationis vel inductionis ob reverentiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4373 alicuius sacri; alius autem per modum compulsionis. Primo autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4374 modo non licet Daemones adiurare, quia ille modus adiurandi videtur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4375 ad quandam benevolentiam vel amicitiam pertinere, qua non licet ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4376 Daemones uti. Secundo autem adiurationis modo, qui est per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4377 compulsionem, licet nobis ad aliquid uti, et ad aliquid non licet.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4378 Daemones enim in cursu huius vitae nobis adversarii constituuntur,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4379 non autem eorum actus nostrae dispositioni subduntur, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4380 dispositioni divinae et sanctorum Angelorum; quia, ut Augustinus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4381 dicit, in III de Trin., <i>spiritus desertor regitur per spiritum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4382 iustum</i>. Possumus ergo Daemones, adiurando, per virtutem divini
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4383 nominis tanquam inimicos repellere, ne nobis noceant vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4384 spiritualiter vel corporaliter, secundum potestatem datam a
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4385 Christo, secundum illud Luc. X, <i>ecce, dedi vobis potestatem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4386 calcandi supra serpentes et scorpiones, et supra omnem virtutem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4387 inimici, et nihil vobis nocebit</i>. Non tamen licitum est eos
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4388 adiurare ad aliquid ab eis addiscendum, vel etiam ad aliquid per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4389 eos obtinendum, quia hoc pertineret ad aliquam societatem cum ipsis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4390 habendam, nisi forte ex speciali instinctu vel revelatione divina,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4391 aliqui sancti ad aliquos effectus Daemonum operatione utantur;
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4392 sicut legitur de beato Iacobo quod per Daemones fecit Hermogenem ad
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4393 se adduci.</p><p title="II-II q. 90 a. 2 ad 1"><a name="42943"><span class="ref">[42943] IIª-IIae q. 90 a. 2 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4394 ergo dicendum quod Origenes loquitur de adiuratione quae non fit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4395 protestative per modum compulsionis, sed magis per modum cuiusdam
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4396 benevolae deprecationis.</p><p title="II-II q. 90 a. 2 ad 2"><a name="42944"><span class="ref">[42944] IIª-IIae q. 90 a. 2 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4397 dicendum quod nigromantici utuntur adiurationibus et invocationibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4398 Daemonum ad aliquid ab eis adipiscendum vel addiscendum, et hoc est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4399 illicitum, ut dictum est. Unde Chrysostomus dicit, Marc. I,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4400 exponens illud verbum domini, quod spiritui immundo dixit,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4401 <i>obmutesce, et exi de homine, salutiferum hic nobis dogma datur,
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4402 ne credamus Daemonibus, quantumcumque denuntient veritatem</i>.</p><p title="II-II q. 90 a. 2 ad 3"><a name="42945"><span class="ref">[42945] IIª-IIae q. 90 a. 2 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4403 dicendum quod ratio illa procedit de adiuratione qua imploratur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4404 auxilium Daemonum ad aliquid agendum vel cognoscendum, hoc enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4405 videtur ad quandam societatem pertinere. Sed quod aliquis adiurando
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4406 Daemones repellat, hoc est ab eorum societate recedere.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 3</h3><p title="II-II q. 90 a. 3 arg. 1"><a name="42946"><span class="ref">[42946] IIª-IIae q. 90 a. 3 arg. 1</span></a> Ad tertium
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4407 sic proceditur. Videtur quod non liceat adiurare irrationalem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4408 creaturam. Adiuratio enim fit per locutionem. Sed frustra sermo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4409 dirigitur ad eum qui non intelligit, qualis est irrationalis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4410 creatura. Ergo vanum est et illicitum irrationalem creaturam
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4411 adiurare.</p><p title="II-II q. 90 a. 3 arg. 2"><a name="42947"><span class="ref">[42947] IIª-IIae q. 90 a. 3 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4412 ad eum videtur competere adiuratio ad quem pertinet iuratio. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4413 iuratio non pertinet ad creaturam irrationalem. Ergo videtur quod
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4414 ad eam non liceat adiuratione uti.</p><p title="II-II q. 90 a. 3 arg. 3"><a name="42948"><span class="ref">[42948] IIª-IIae q. 90 a. 3 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4415 duplex est adiurationis modus, ut ex supradictis patet. Unus quidem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4416 per modum deprecationis, quo non possumus uti ad irrationalem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4417 creaturam, quae non est domina sui actus. Alia autem est adiuratio
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4418 per modum compulsionis, qua etiam, ut videtur, ad eam uti non
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4419 possumus; quia non est nostrum creaturis irrationalibus imperare,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4420 sed solum illius de quo dicitur, Matth. VIII, quia venti et mare
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4421 obediunt ei. Ergo nullo modo, ut videtur, licet uti adiuratione ad
53
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parents: 28
diff changeset
4422 irrationales creaturas.</p><p title="II-II q. 90 a. 3 s. c."><a name="42949"><span class="ref">[42949] IIª-IIae q. 90 a. 3 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4423 est quod Simon et Iudas leguntur adiurasse dracones, et eis
53
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diff changeset
4424 praecepisse ut in desertum locum discederent.</p><p title="II-II q. 90 a. 3 co."><a name="42950"><span class="ref">[42950] IIª-IIae q. 90 a. 3 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4425 dicendum quod creaturae irrationales ab alio aguntur ad proprias
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4426 operationes. Eadem autem actio est eius quod agitur et movetur, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4427 eius quod agit et movet, sicut motus sagittae est etiam quaedam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4428 operatio sagittantis. Et ideo operatio irrationalis creaturae non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4429 solum ipsi attribuitur, sed principaliter Deo, cuius dispositione
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4430 omnia moventur. Pertinet etiam ad Diabolum, qui, permissione
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4431 divina, utitur aliquibus irrationalibus creaturis ad nocendum
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4432 hominibus. Sic ergo adiuratio qua quis utitur ad irrationalem
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4433 creaturam, potest intelligi dupliciter. Uno modo, ut adiuratio
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4434 referatur ad ipsam creaturam irrationalem secundum se. Et sic vanum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4435 esset irrationalem creaturam adiurare. Alio modo, ut referatur ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4436 eum a quo irrationalis creatura agitur et movetur. Et sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4437 dupliciter adiuratur irrationalis creatura. Uno quidem modo, per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4438 modum deprecationis ad Deum directae, quod pertinet ad eos qui
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4439 divina invocatione miracula faciunt. Alio modo, per modum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4440 compulsionis, quae refertur ad Diabolum, qui in nocumentum nostrum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4441 utitur irrationabilibus creaturis, et talis est modus adiurandi in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4442 Ecclesiae exorcismis, per quos Daemonum potestas excluditur ab
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4443 irrationalibus creaturis. Adiurare autem Daemones ab eis auxilium
53
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parents: 28
diff changeset
4444 implorando, non licet.</p><p title="II-II q. 90 a. 3 ad arg."><a name="42951"><span class="ref">[42951] IIª-IIae q. 90 a. 3 ad arg.</span></a> Et per
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
4445 hoc patet responsio ad obiecta.</p></div></div><div class="q" id="q91"><h2>Quaestio 91</h2><div class="p"><h3>Prooemium</h3><p title="II-II q. 91 pr."><a name="42952"><span class="ref">[42952] IIª-IIae q. 91 pr.</span></a> Deinde
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4446 considerandum est de assumptione divini nominis ad invocandum per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4447 orationem vel laudem. Et de oratione quidem iam dictum est. Unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4448 nunc de laude restat dicendum. Circa quam quaeruntur duo. Primo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4449 utrum Deus sit ore laudandus. Secundo, utrum in laudibus Dei sint
53
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parents: 28
diff changeset
4450 cantus adhibendi.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 1</h3><p title="II-II q. 91 a. 1 arg. 1"><a name="42953"><span class="ref">[42953] IIª-IIae q. 91 a. 1 arg. 1</span></a> Ad primum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4451 sic proceditur. Videtur quod Deus non sit ore laudandus. Dicit enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4452 philosophus, in I Ethic., <i>optimorum non est laus, sed maius
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4453 aliquid et melius</i>. Sed Deus est super omnia optima. Ergo Deo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4454 non debetur laus, sed aliquid maius laude. Unde et Eccli. XLIII
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
4455 dicitur quod Deus maior est omni laude.</p><p title="II-II q. 91 a. 1 arg. 2"><a name="42954"><span class="ref">[42954] IIª-IIae q. 91 a. 1 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4456 laus Dei ad cultum ipsius pertinet, est enim religionis actus. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4457 Deus mente colitur magis quam ore, unde dominus, Matth. XV, contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4458 quosdam inducit illud Isaiae, <i>populus hic labiis me honorat, cor
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4459 autem eorum longe est a me</i>. Ergo laus Dei magis consistit in
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
4460 corde quam in ore.</p><p title="II-II q. 91 a. 1 arg. 3"><a name="42955"><span class="ref">[42955] IIª-IIae q. 91 a. 1 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4461 homines ad hoc ore laudantur ut ad meliora provocentur. Sicut enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4462 mali ex suis laudibus superbiunt, ita boni ex suis laudibus ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4463 meliora provocantur, unde dicitur Prov. XXVII, <i>quomodo probatur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4464 in conflatorio argentum, sic probatur homo ore laudantium</i>. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4465 Deus per verba hominum non provocatur ad meliora, tum quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4466 immutabilis est; tum quia summe bonus est, et non habet quo
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4467 crescat. Ergo Deus non est laudandus ore.</p><p title="II-II q. 91 a. 1 s. c."><a name="42956"><span class="ref">[42956] IIª-IIae q. 91 a. 1 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4468 est quod dicitur in Psalm., <i>labiis exultationis laudabit os
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
4469 meum</i>.</p><p title="II-II q. 91 a. 1 co."><a name="42957"><span class="ref">[42957] IIª-IIae q. 91 a. 1 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4470 dicendum quod verbis alia ratione utimur ad Deum, et alia ratione
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4471 ad hominem. Ad hominem enim utimur verbis ut conceptum nostri
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4472 cordis, quem non potest cognoscere, verbis nostris ei exprimamus.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4473 Et ideo laude oris ad hominem utimur ut vel ei vel aliis innotescat
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4474 quod bonam opinionem de laudato habemus, ut per hoc et ipsum qui
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4475 laudatur ad meliora provocemus; et alios, apud quos laudatur, in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4476 bonam opinionem et reverentiam et imitationem ipsius inducamus. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4477 ad Deum verbis utimur non quidem ut ei, qui est inspector cordium,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4478 nostros conceptus manifestemus, sed ut nos ipsos et alios audientes
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4479 ad eius reverentiam inducamus. Et ideo necessaria est laus oris,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4480 non quidem propter Deum, sed propter ipsum laudantem, cuius
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4481 affectus excitatur in Deum ex laude ipsius, secundum illud Psalm.,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4482 <i>sacrificium laudis honorificabit me, et illic iter quo ostendam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4483 illi salutare Dei</i>. Et inquantum homo per divinam laudem affectu
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4484 ascendit in Deum, intantum per hoc retrahitur ab his quae sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4485 contra Deum, secundum illud Isaiae XLVIII, <i>laude mea infrenabo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4486 te, ne intereas</i>. Proficit etiam laus oris ad hoc quod aliorum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4487 affectus provocetur in Deum. Unde dicitur in Psalm., <i>semper laus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4488 eius in ore meo</i>, et postea subditur, <i>audiant mansueti, et
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
4489 laetentur. Magnificate dominum mecum</i>.</p><p title="II-II q. 91 a. 1 ad 1"><a name="42958"><span class="ref">[42958] IIª-IIae q. 91 a. 1 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4490 ergo dicendum quod de Deo dupliciter possumus loqui. Uno modo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4491 quantum ad eius essentiam. Et sic, cum sit incomprehensibilis et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4492 ineffabilis, maior est omni laude. Debetur autem ei secundum hanc
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4493 comparationem reverentia et latriae honor. Unde in Psalterio
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4494 Hieronymi dicitur, tibi silet laus, Deus, quantum ad primum; et,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4495 tibi reddetur votum, quantum ad secundum. Alio modo, secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4496 effectus ipsius, qui in nostram utilitatem ordinantur. Et secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4497 hoc debetur Deo laus. Unde dicitur Isaiae LXIII, <i>miserationum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4498 domini recordabor, laudem domini super omnibus quae reddidit nobis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4499 dominus</i>. Et Dionysius dicit, I cap. de Div. Nom., omnem sanctum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4500 theologorum hymnum, idest divinam laudem, invenies ad bonos
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4501 thearchiae, idest divinitatis, <i>processus manifestative et
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4502 laudative Dei nominationes dividentem</i>.</p><p title="II-II q. 91 a. 1 ad 2"><a name="42959"><span class="ref">[42959] IIª-IIae q. 91 a. 1 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4503 dicendum quod laus oris inutilis est laudanti si sit sine laude
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4504 cordis, quod loquitur Deo laudem dum magnalia eius operum recogitat
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4505 cum affectu. Valet tamen exterior laus oris ad excitandum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4506 interiorem affectum laudantis, et ad provocandum alios ad Dei
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4507 laudem, sicut dictum est.</p><p title="II-II q. 91 a. 1 ad 3"><a name="42960"><span class="ref">[42960] IIª-IIae q. 91 a. 1 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4508 dicendum quod Deum non laudamus propter utilitatem suam, sed
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4509 propter utilitatem nostram, ut dictum est.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 2</h3><p title="II-II q. 91 a. 2 arg. 1"><a name="42961"><span class="ref">[42961] IIª-IIae q. 91 a. 2 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4510 secundum sic proceditur. Videtur quod cantus non sint assumendi ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4511 laudem divinam. Dicit enim apostolus, ad Coloss. III, <i>docentes
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4512 et commonentes vosmetipsos in Psalmis et hymnis et canticis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4513 spiritualibus</i>. Sed nihil assumere debemus in divinum cultum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4514 praeter ea quae nobis auctoritate Scripturae traduntur. Ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4515 videtur quod non debemus uti in divinis laudibus canticis
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4516 corporalibus, sed solum spiritualibus.</p><p title="II-II q. 91 a. 2 arg. 2"><a name="42962"><span class="ref">[42962] IIª-IIae q. 91 a. 2 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4517 Hieronymus, super illud ad Ephes. V, <i>cantantes et psallentes in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4518 cordibus vestris domino</i>, dicit, <i>audiant haec adolescentuli
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4519 quibus in Ecclesia est psallendi officium, Deo non voce, sed corde
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4520 cantandum, nec in tragoediarum modum guttur et fauces medicamine
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4521 liniendae sunt, ut in Ecclesia theatrales moduli audiantur et
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4522 cantica</i>. Non ergo in laudes Dei sunt cantus assumendi.</p><p title="II-II q. 91 a. 2 arg. 3"><a name="42963"><span class="ref">[42963] IIª-IIae q. 91 a. 2 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4523 laudare Deum convenit parvis et magnis, secundum illud Apoc. XIX,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4524 <i>laudem dicite Deo nostro, omnes servi eius et qui timetis illum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4525 pusilli et magni</i>. Sed maiores qui sunt in Ecclesia non decet
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4526 cantare, dicit enim Gregorius, et habetur in decretis, dist. XCII,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4527 cap. <i>in sancta Romana Ecclesia, praesenti decreto constituo ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4528 in sede hac sacri altaris ministri cantare non debeant</i>. Ergo
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4529 cantus non conveniunt divinis laudibus.</p><p title="II-II q. 91 a. 2 arg. 4"><a name="42964"><span class="ref">[42964] IIª-IIae q. 91 a. 2 arg. 4</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4530 in veteri lege laudabatur Deus in musicis instrumentis et humanis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4531 cantibus, secundum illud Psalm., <i>confitemini domino in cithara;
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4532 in Psalterio decem chordarum psallite illi; cantate ei canticum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4533 novum</i>. Sed instrumenta musica, sicut citharas et Psalteria, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4534 assumit Ecclesia in divinas laudes, ne videatur iudaizare. Ergo,
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4535 pari ratione, nec cantus in divinas laudes sunt assumendi.</p><p title="II-II q. 91 a. 2 arg. 5"><a name="42965"><span class="ref">[42965] IIª-IIae q. 91 a. 2 arg. 5</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4536 principalior est laus mentis quam laus oris. Sed laus mentis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4537 impeditur per cantus, tum quia cantantium intentio abstrahitur a
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4538 consideratione eorum quae cantant, dum circa cantum student; tum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4539 etiam quia ea quae cantantur minus ab aliis intelligi possunt quam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4540 si sine cantu proferrentur. Ergo cantus non sunt divinis laudibus
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4541 adhibendi.</p><p title="II-II q. 91 a. 2 s. c."><a name="42966"><span class="ref">[42966] IIª-IIae q. 91 a. 2 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4542 est quod beatus Ambrosius in Ecclesia Mediolanensi cantus
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
4543 instituit, ut Augustinus refert, in IX Confess.</p><p title="II-II q. 91 a. 2 co."><a name="42967"><span class="ref">[42967] IIª-IIae q. 91 a. 2 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
4544 dicendum quod, sicut dictum est, laus vocalis ad hoc necessaria est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4545 ut affectus hominis provocetur in Deum. Et ideo quaecumque ad hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4546 utilia esse possunt, in divinas laudes congruenter assumuntur.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4547 Manifestum est autem quod secundum diversas melodias sonorum animi
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4548 hominum diversimode disponuntur, ut patet per philosophum, in VIII
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4549 Polit., et per Boetium, in prologo musicae. Et ideo salubriter fuit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4550 institutum ut in divinas laudes cantus assumerentur, ut animi
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4551 infirmorum magis provocarentur ad devotionem. Unde Augustinus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4552 dicit, in X Confess., <i>adducor cantandi consuetudinem approbare
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4553 in Ecclesia, ut per oblectamenta aurium infirmorum animus in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4554 affectum pietatis assurgat</i>. Et de seipso dicit, in IX Confess.,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
4555 <i>flevi in hymnis et canticis tuis, suave sonantis Ecclesiae tuae
53
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diff changeset
4556 vocibus commotus acriter</i>.</p><p title="II-II q. 91 a. 2 ad 1"><a name="42968"><span class="ref">[42968] IIª-IIae q. 91 a. 2 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28
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4557 ergo dicendum quod cantica spiritualia possunt dici non solum ea
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4558 quae interius canuntur in spiritu, sed etiam ea quae exterius ore
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4559 cantantur, inquantum per huiusmodi cantica spiritualis devotio
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4560 provocatur.</p><p title="II-II q. 91 a. 2 ad 2"><a name="42969"><span class="ref">[42969] IIª-IIae q. 91 a. 2 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
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4561 dicendum quod Hieronymus non vituperat simpliciter cantum, sed
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4562 reprehendit eos qui in Ecclesia cantant more theatrico, non propter
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4563 devotionem excitandam, sed propter ostentationem vel delectationem
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4564 provocandam. Unde Augustinus dicit, in X Confess., <i>cum mihi
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4565 accidit ut me amplius cantus quam res quae canitur moveat,
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4566 poenaliter me peccare confiteor, et tunc mallem non audire
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4567 cantantem</i>.</p><p title="II-II q. 91 a. 2 ad 3"><a name="42970"><span class="ref">[42970] IIª-IIae q. 91 a. 2 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
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4568 dicendum quod nobilior modus est provocandi homines ad devotionem
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4569 per doctrinam et praedicationem quam per cantum. Et ideo diaconi et
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4570 praelati, quibus competit per praedicationem et doctrinam animos
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4571 hominum provocare in Deum, non debent cantibus insistere, ne per
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4572 hoc a maioribus retrahantur. Unde ibidem Gregorius dicit,
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4573 <i>consuetudo est valde reprehensibilis ut in diaconatus ordine
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4574 constituti modulationi vocis inserviant, quos ad praedicationis
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4575 officium et eleemosynarum studium vacare congruebat</i>.</p><p title="II-II q. 91 a. 2 ad 4"><a name="42971"><span class="ref">[42971] IIª-IIae q. 91 a. 2 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
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4576 dicendum quod, sicut philosophus dicit, in VIII Polit., <i>neque
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4577 fistulas ad disciplinam est adducendum, neque aliquod aliud
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4578 artificiale organum, puta citharam et si quid tale alterum est, sed
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4579 quaecumque faciunt auditores bonos</i>. Huiusmodi enim musica
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diff changeset
4580 instrumenta magis animum movent ad delectationem quam per ea
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4581 formetur interius bona dispositio. In veteri autem testamento usus
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4582 erat talium instrumentorum, tum quia populus erat magis durus et
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4583 carnalis, unde erat per huiusmodi instrumenta provocandus, sicut et
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4584 per promissiones terrenas. Tum etiam quia huiusmodi instrumenta
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4585 corporalia aliquid figurabant.</p><p title="II-II q. 91 a. 2 ad 5"><a name="42972"><span class="ref">[42972] IIª-IIae q. 91 a. 2 ad 5</span></a> Ad quintum
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4586 dicendum quod per cantum quo quis studiose ad delectandum utitur,
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4587 abstrahitur animus a consideratione eorum quae cantantur. Sed si
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4588 aliquis cantet propter devotionem, attentius considerat quae
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4589 dicuntur, tum quia diutius moratur super eodem; tum quia, ut
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4590 Augustinus dicit, in X Confess., <i>omnes affectus spiritus nostri
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4591 pro sua diversitate habent proprios modos in voce atque cantu,
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4592 quorum occulta familiaritate excitantur</i>. Et eadem est ratio de
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4593 audientibus, in quibus, etsi aliquando non intelligant quae
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4594 cantantur, intelligunt tamen propter quid cantantur, scilicet ad
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4595 laudem Dei; et hoc sufficit ad devotionem excitandam.</p></div></div><div class="centro"><br/>
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4596 <p><a href="sth3081.html"><img alt="age retro" border="0" align="middle" height="19" width="19" src="icons/ageretro.gif"/></a>  
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4597 <a href="sth3092.html"><img alt="age ultra" border="0" align="middle" height="19" width="19" src="icons/ageultra.gif"/></a></p>
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4598 <br/>
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4599 <hr/>
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4600 <br/>
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4601 <address>© 2006 Fundación Tomás de Aquino quoad
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4602 hanc editionem<br/>
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4603 Iura omnia asservantur<br/>
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4604 OCLC nr. <a style="text-decoration=none" href="http://worldcatlibraries.org/wcpa/oclc/49644264">49644264</a></address>
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4605 </div></body>
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4606 </html>