Aquinas: summa/latin/sth3034.html annotate

annotate summa/latin/sth3034.html @ 53:d777cc3962f2

div-wrapped

author	ht
date	Mon, 28 Dec 2009 13:00:58 +0000
parents	544e12f679ad
children	03759e5c1080

rev	line source
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2 <!DOCTYPE html
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	3 PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "file:///c:/cygwin/usr/local/share/lib/xml/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	4 <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="LA" lang="LA">
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5 <head>
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	6 <meta content="HTML Tidy for Windows (vers 1st February 2005), see www.w3.org" name="generator"/>
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	7 <meta content="text/html; charset=us-ascii" http-equiv="Content-Type"/>
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	8 <meta content="text/css" http-equiv="Content-Style-Type"/>
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	9 <meta content="text/javascript" http-equiv="Content-Script-Type"/>
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	10 <meta content="Thomas de Aquino, Summa Theologiae, Corpus Thomisticum" name="keywords"/>
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	11 <meta content="Latin" name="language"/>
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	12 <meta content="public" name="security"/>
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	13 <meta content="ealarcon@unav.es" name="owner"/>
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	14 <meta content="Enrique Alarcón" name="author"/>
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	15 <meta content="" name="abstract"/>
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	16 <link type="text/css" href="vscreen.css" media="screen" rel="stylesheet"/>
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	17 <link type="text/css" href="vprint.css" media="print" rel="stylesheet"/>
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	18 <title>Thomas de Aquino, Summa Theologiae, IIª-IIae q.
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	19 34-43</title>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	20 </head>
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	21 <body><a href="http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/"/><div class="tres">CORPUS THOMISTICUM</div><div class="uno">Sancti Thomae de Aquino</div><div class="uno">Summa Theologiae</div><div class="dos">secunda pars secundae partis a quaestione XXXIV ad
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	22 XLIII</div><div class="centro">
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	23 <table summary="Imago" align="center">
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	24 <tr>
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	25 <th><img align="middle" alt="Thomas de Aquino a Filippino Lippi depictus (Cappella Carafa, S. Maria sopra Minerva, Roma)" border="0" height="190" width="275" src="icons/fugit190.jpg"/></th>
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	26 </tr>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	27 </table>
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	28 <br/>
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	29 <span class="tres">Textum Leoninum Romae 1895 editum<br/>
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	30 ac automato translatum a Roberto Busa SJ in taenias
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	31 magneticas<br/>
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	32 denuo recognovit Enrique Alarcón atque instruxit<br/>
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	33 <br/></span><br/>
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	34 <hr/>
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	35 <br/>
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	36 <p><a href="sth3027.html"><img alt="age retro" border="0" align="middle" height="19" width="19" src="icons/ageretro.gif"/></a>
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	37 <a href="sth3044.html"><img alt="age ultra" border="0" align="middle" height="19" width="19" src="icons/ageultra.gif"/></a></p>
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	38 <script type="text/javascript" language="JavaScript">
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	39 //
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	40 <!--
26 4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	41 // original code by Bill Trefzger 12/12/96; revised by Enrique Alarcon 12/9/2000
4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	42 function go(){if(document.selecter.select1.options[document.selecter.select1.selectedIndex].value !="none"){location=document.selecter.select1.options[document.selecter.select1.selectedIndex].value}}
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	43 document.write('<FORM NAME="selecter"><SELECT NAME="select1">');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	44 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="none">INDEX');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	45 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="none">------------------------------------------------');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	46 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="index.html">Corpus Thomisticum');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	47 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="iopera.html">Opera omnia');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	48 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="zbiblia.html">Bibliographia Thomistica');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	49 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="none">------------------------------------------------');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	50 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40451">II&ordf;-IIae q. 34 pr.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	51 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40452">II&ordf;-IIae q. 34 a. 1 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	52 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40453">II&ordf;-IIae q. 34 a. 1 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	53 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40454">II&ordf;-IIae q. 34 a. 1 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	54 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40455">II&ordf;-IIae q. 34 a. 1 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	55 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40456">II&ordf;-IIae q. 34 a. 1 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	56 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40457">II&ordf;-IIae q. 34 a. 1 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	57 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40458">II&ordf;-IIae q. 34 a. 1 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	58 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40459">II&ordf;-IIae q. 34 a. 1 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	59 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40460">II&ordf;-IIae q. 34 a. 2 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	60 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40461">II&ordf;-IIae q. 34 a. 2 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	61 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40462">II&ordf;-IIae q. 34 a. 2 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	62 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40463">II&ordf;-IIae q. 34 a. 2 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	63 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40464">II&ordf;-IIae q. 34 a. 2 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	64 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40465">II&ordf;-IIae q. 34 a. 2 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	65 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40466">II&ordf;-IIae q. 34 a. 2 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	66 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40467">II&ordf;-IIae q. 34 a. 2 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	67 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40468">II&ordf;-IIae q. 34 a. 3 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	68 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40469">II&ordf;-IIae q. 34 a. 3 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	69 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40470">II&ordf;-IIae q. 34 a. 3 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	70 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40471">II&ordf;-IIae q. 34 a. 3 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	71 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40472">II&ordf;-IIae q. 34 a. 3 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	72 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40473">II&ordf;-IIae q. 34 a. 3 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	73 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40474">II&ordf;-IIae q. 34 a. 3 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	74 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40475">II&ordf;-IIae q. 34 a. 3 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	75 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40476">II&ordf;-IIae q. 34 a. 4 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	76 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40477">II&ordf;-IIae q. 34 a. 4 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	77 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40478">II&ordf;-IIae q. 34 a. 4 s. c. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	78 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40479">II&ordf;-IIae q. 34 a. 4 s. c. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	79 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40480">II&ordf;-IIae q. 34 a. 4 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	80 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40481">II&ordf;-IIae q. 34 a. 4 ad');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	81 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40482">II&ordf;-IIae q. 34 a. 5 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	82 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40483">II&ordf;-IIae q. 34 a. 5 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	83 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40484">II&ordf;-IIae q. 34 a. 5 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	84 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40485">II&ordf;-IIae q. 34 a. 5 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	85 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40486">II&ordf;-IIae q. 34 a. 5 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	86 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40487">II&ordf;-IIae q. 34 a. 5 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	87 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40488">II&ordf;-IIae q. 34 a. 5 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	88 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40489">II&ordf;-IIae q. 34 a. 5 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	89 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40490">II&ordf;-IIae q. 34 a. 6 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	90 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40491">II&ordf;-IIae q. 34 a. 6 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	91 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40492">II&ordf;-IIae q. 34 a. 6 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	92 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40493">II&ordf;-IIae q. 34 a. 6 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	93 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40494">II&ordf;-IIae q. 34 a. 6 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	94 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40495">II&ordf;-IIae q. 34 a. 6 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	95 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40496">II&ordf;-IIae q. 34 a. 6 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	96 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40497">II&ordf;-IIae q. 34 a. 6 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	97 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40498">II&ordf;-IIae q. 35 pr.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	98 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40499">II&ordf;-IIae q. 35 a. 1 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	99 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40500">II&ordf;-IIae q. 35 a. 1 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	100 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40501">II&ordf;-IIae q. 35 a. 1 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	101 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40502">II&ordf;-IIae q. 35 a. 1 arg. 4');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	102 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40503">II&ordf;-IIae q. 35 a. 1 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	103 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40504">II&ordf;-IIae q. 35 a. 1 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	104 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40505">II&ordf;-IIae q. 35 a. 1 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	105 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40506">II&ordf;-IIae q. 35 a. 1 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	106 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40507">II&ordf;-IIae q. 35 a. 1 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	107 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40508">II&ordf;-IIae q. 35 a. 1 ad 4');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	108 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40509">II&ordf;-IIae q. 35 a. 2 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	109 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40510">II&ordf;-IIae q. 35 a. 2 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	110 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40511">II&ordf;-IIae q. 35 a. 2 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	111 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40512">II&ordf;-IIae q. 35 a. 2 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	112 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40513">II&ordf;-IIae q. 35 a. 2 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	113 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40514">II&ordf;-IIae q. 35 a. 2 ad');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	114 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40515">II&ordf;-IIae q. 35 a. 3 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	115 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40516">II&ordf;-IIae q. 35 a. 3 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	116 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40517">II&ordf;-IIae q. 35 a. 3 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	117 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40518">II&ordf;-IIae q. 35 a. 3 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	118 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40519">II&ordf;-IIae q. 35 a. 3 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	119 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40520">II&ordf;-IIae q. 35 a. 3 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	120 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40521">II&ordf;-IIae q. 35 a. 3 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	121 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40522">II&ordf;-IIae q. 35 a. 3 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	122 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40523">II&ordf;-IIae q. 35 a. 4 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	123 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40524">II&ordf;-IIae q. 35 a. 4 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	124 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40525">II&ordf;-IIae q. 35 a. 4 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	125 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40526">II&ordf;-IIae q. 35 a. 4 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	126 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40527">II&ordf;-IIae q. 35 a. 4 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	127 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40528">II&ordf;-IIae q. 35 a. 4 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	128 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40529">II&ordf;-IIae q. 35 a. 4 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	129 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40530">II&ordf;-IIae q. 35 a. 4 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	130 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40531">II&ordf;-IIae q. 36 pr.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	131 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40532">II&ordf;-IIae q. 36 a. 1 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	132 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40533">II&ordf;-IIae q. 36 a. 1 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	133 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40534">II&ordf;-IIae q. 36 a. 1 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	134 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40535">II&ordf;-IIae q. 36 a. 1 arg. 4');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	135 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40536">II&ordf;-IIae q. 36 a. 1 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	136 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40537">II&ordf;-IIae q. 36 a. 1 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	137 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40538">II&ordf;-IIae q. 36 a. 1 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	138 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40539">II&ordf;-IIae q. 36 a. 1 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	139 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40540">II&ordf;-IIae q. 36 a. 1 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	140 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40541">II&ordf;-IIae q. 36 a. 1 ad 4');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	141 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40542">II&ordf;-IIae q. 36 a. 2 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	142 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40543">II&ordf;-IIae q. 36 a. 2 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	143 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40544">II&ordf;-IIae q. 36 a. 2 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	144 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40545">II&ordf;-IIae q. 36 a. 2 arg. 4');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	145 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40546">II&ordf;-IIae q. 36 a. 2 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	146 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40547">II&ordf;-IIae q. 36 a. 2 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	147 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40548">II&ordf;-IIae q. 36 a. 2 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	148 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40549">II&ordf;-IIae q. 36 a. 2 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	149 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40550">II&ordf;-IIae q. 36 a. 2 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	150 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40551">II&ordf;-IIae q. 36 a. 2 ad 4');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	151 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40552">II&ordf;-IIae q. 36 a. 3 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	152 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40553">II&ordf;-IIae q. 36 a. 3 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	153 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40554">II&ordf;-IIae q. 36 a. 3 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	154 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40555">II&ordf;-IIae q. 36 a. 3 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	155 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40556">II&ordf;-IIae q. 36 a. 3 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	156 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40557">II&ordf;-IIae q. 36 a. 3 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	157 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40558">II&ordf;-IIae q. 36 a. 3 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	158 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40559">II&ordf;-IIae q. 36 a. 3 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	159 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40560">II&ordf;-IIae q. 36 a. 4 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	160 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40561">II&ordf;-IIae q. 36 a. 4 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	161 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40562">II&ordf;-IIae q. 36 a. 4 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	162 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40563">II&ordf;-IIae q. 36 a. 4 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	163 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40564">II&ordf;-IIae q. 36 a. 4 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	164 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40565">II&ordf;-IIae q. 36 a. 4 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	165 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40566">II&ordf;-IIae q. 36 a. 4 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	166 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40567">II&ordf;-IIae q. 36 a. 4 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	167 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40568">II&ordf;-IIae q. 37 pr.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	168 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40569">II&ordf;-IIae q. 37 a. 1 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	169 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40570">II&ordf;-IIae q. 37 a. 1 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	170 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40571">II&ordf;-IIae q. 37 a. 1 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	171 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40572">II&ordf;-IIae q. 37 a. 1 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	172 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40573">II&ordf;-IIae q. 37 a. 1 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	173 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40574">II&ordf;-IIae q. 37 a. 1 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	174 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40575">II&ordf;-IIae q. 37 a. 1 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	175 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40576">II&ordf;-IIae q. 37 a. 1 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	176 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40577">II&ordf;-IIae q. 37 a. 2 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	177 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40578">II&ordf;-IIae q. 37 a. 2 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	178 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40579">II&ordf;-IIae q. 37 a. 2 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	179 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40580">II&ordf;-IIae q. 37 a. 2 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	180 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40581">II&ordf;-IIae q. 37 a. 2 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	181 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40582">II&ordf;-IIae q. 37 a. 2 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	182 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40583">II&ordf;-IIae q. 37 a. 2 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	183 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40584">II&ordf;-IIae q. 37 a. 2 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	184 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40585">II&ordf;-IIae q. 38 pr.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	185 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40586">II&ordf;-IIae q. 38 a. 1 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	186 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40587">II&ordf;-IIae q. 38 a. 1 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	187 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40588">II&ordf;-IIae q. 38 a. 1 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	188 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40589">II&ordf;-IIae q. 38 a. 1 arg. 4');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	189 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40590">II&ordf;-IIae q. 38 a. 1 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	190 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40591">II&ordf;-IIae q. 38 a. 1 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	191 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40592">II&ordf;-IIae q. 38 a. 1 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	192 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40593">II&ordf;-IIae q. 38 a. 1 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	193 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40594">II&ordf;-IIae q. 38 a. 1 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	194 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40595">II&ordf;-IIae q. 38 a. 1 ad 4');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	195 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40596">II&ordf;-IIae q. 38 a. 2 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	196 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40597">II&ordf;-IIae q. 38 a. 2 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	197 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40598">II&ordf;-IIae q. 38 a. 2 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	198 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40599">II&ordf;-IIae q. 38 a. 2 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	199 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40600">II&ordf;-IIae q. 38 a. 2 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	200 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40601">II&ordf;-IIae q. 38 a. 2 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	201 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40602">II&ordf;-IIae q. 38 a. 2 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	202 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40603">II&ordf;-IIae q. 38 a. 2 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	203 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40604">II&ordf;-IIae q. 39 pr.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	204 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40605">II&ordf;-IIae q. 39 a. 1 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	205 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40606">II&ordf;-IIae q. 39 a. 1 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	206 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40607">II&ordf;-IIae q. 39 a. 1 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	207 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40608">II&ordf;-IIae q. 39 a. 1 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	208 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40609">II&ordf;-IIae q. 39 a. 1 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	209 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40610">II&ordf;-IIae q. 39 a. 1 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	210 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40611">II&ordf;-IIae q. 39 a. 1 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	211 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40612">II&ordf;-IIae q. 39 a. 1 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	212 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40613">II&ordf;-IIae q. 39 a. 2 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	213 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40614">II&ordf;-IIae q. 39 a. 2 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	214 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40615">II&ordf;-IIae q. 39 a. 2 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	215 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40616">II&ordf;-IIae q. 39 a. 2 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	216 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40617">II&ordf;-IIae q. 39 a. 2 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	217 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40618">II&ordf;-IIae q. 39 a. 2 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	218 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40619">II&ordf;-IIae q. 39 a. 2 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	219 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40620">II&ordf;-IIae q. 39 a. 2 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	220 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40621">II&ordf;-IIae q. 39 a. 3 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	221 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40622">II&ordf;-IIae q. 39 a. 3 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	222 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40623">II&ordf;-IIae q. 39 a. 3 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	223 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40624">II&ordf;-IIae q. 39 a. 3 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	224 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40625">II&ordf;-IIae q. 39 a. 3 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	225 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40626">II&ordf;-IIae q. 39 a. 3 ad');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	226 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40627">II&ordf;-IIae q. 39 a. 4 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	227 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40628">II&ordf;-IIae q. 39 a. 4 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	228 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40629">II&ordf;-IIae q. 39 a. 4 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	229 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40630">II&ordf;-IIae q. 39 a. 4 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	230 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40631">II&ordf;-IIae q. 39 a. 4 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	231 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40632">II&ordf;-IIae q. 39 a. 4 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	232 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40633">II&ordf;-IIae q. 39 a. 4 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	233 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40634">II&ordf;-IIae q. 39 a. 4 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	234 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40635">II&ordf;-IIae q. 40 pr.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	235 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40636">II&ordf;-IIae q. 40 a. 1 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	236 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40637">II&ordf;-IIae q. 40 a. 1 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	237 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40638">II&ordf;-IIae q. 40 a. 1 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	238 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40639">II&ordf;-IIae q. 40 a. 1 arg. 4');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	239 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40640">II&ordf;-IIae q. 40 a. 1 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	240 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40641">II&ordf;-IIae q. 40 a. 1 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	241 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40642">II&ordf;-IIae q. 40 a. 1 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	242 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40643">II&ordf;-IIae q. 40 a. 1 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	243 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40644">II&ordf;-IIae q. 40 a. 1 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	244 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40645">II&ordf;-IIae q. 40 a. 1 ad 4');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	245 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40646">II&ordf;-IIae q. 40 a. 2 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	246 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40647">II&ordf;-IIae q. 40 a. 2 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	247 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40648">II&ordf;-IIae q. 40 a. 2 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	248 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40649">II&ordf;-IIae q. 40 a. 2 arg. 4');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	249 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40650">II&ordf;-IIae q. 40 a. 2 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	250 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40651">II&ordf;-IIae q. 40 a. 2 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	251 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40652">II&ordf;-IIae q. 40 a. 2 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	252 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40653">II&ordf;-IIae q. 40 a. 2 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	253 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40654">II&ordf;-IIae q. 40 a. 2 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	254 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40655">II&ordf;-IIae q. 40 a. 2 ad 4');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	255 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40656">II&ordf;-IIae q. 40 a. 3 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	256 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40657">II&ordf;-IIae q. 40 a. 3 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	257 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40658">II&ordf;-IIae q. 40 a. 3 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	258 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40659">II&ordf;-IIae q. 40 a. 3 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	259 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40660">II&ordf;-IIae q. 40 a. 3 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	260 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40661">II&ordf;-IIae q. 40 a. 3 ad');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	261 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40662">II&ordf;-IIae q. 40 a. 4 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	262 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40663">II&ordf;-IIae q. 40 a. 4 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	263 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40664">II&ordf;-IIae q. 40 a. 4 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	264 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40665">II&ordf;-IIae q. 40 a. 4 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	265 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40666">II&ordf;-IIae q. 40 a. 4 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	266 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40667">II&ordf;-IIae q. 40 a. 4 ad');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	267 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40668">II&ordf;-IIae q. 41 pr.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	268 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40669">II&ordf;-IIae q. 41 a. 1 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	269 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40670">II&ordf;-IIae q. 41 a. 1 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	270 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40671">II&ordf;-IIae q. 41 a. 1 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	271 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40672">II&ordf;-IIae q. 41 a. 1 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	272 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40673">II&ordf;-IIae q. 41 a. 1 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	273 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40674">II&ordf;-IIae q. 41 a. 1 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	274 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40675">II&ordf;-IIae q. 41 a. 1 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	275 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40676">II&ordf;-IIae q. 41 a. 1 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	276 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40677">II&ordf;-IIae q. 41 a. 2 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	277 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40678">II&ordf;-IIae q. 41 a. 2 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	278 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40679">II&ordf;-IIae q. 41 a. 2 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	279 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40680">II&ordf;-IIae q. 41 a. 2 arg. 4');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	280 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40681">II&ordf;-IIae q. 41 a. 2 arg. 5');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	281 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40682">II&ordf;-IIae q. 41 a. 2 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	282 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40683">II&ordf;-IIae q. 41 a. 2 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	283 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40684">II&ordf;-IIae q. 41 a. 2 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	284 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40685">II&ordf;-IIae q. 41 a. 2 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	285 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40686">II&ordf;-IIae q. 41 a. 2 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	286 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40687">II&ordf;-IIae q. 41 a. 2 ad 4');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	287 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40688">II&ordf;-IIae q. 41 a. 2 ad 5');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	288 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40689">II&ordf;-IIae q. 42 pr.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	289 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40690">II&ordf;-IIae q. 42 a. 1 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	290 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40691">II&ordf;-IIae q. 42 a. 1 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	291 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40692">II&ordf;-IIae q. 42 a. 1 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	292 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40693">II&ordf;-IIae q. 42 a. 1 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	293 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40694">II&ordf;-IIae q. 42 a. 1 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	294 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40695">II&ordf;-IIae q. 42 a. 1 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	295 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40696">II&ordf;-IIae q. 42 a. 1 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	296 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40697">II&ordf;-IIae q. 42 a. 1 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	297 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40698">II&ordf;-IIae q. 42 a. 2 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	298 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40699">II&ordf;-IIae q. 42 a. 2 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	299 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40700">II&ordf;-IIae q. 42 a. 2 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	300 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40701">II&ordf;-IIae q. 42 a. 2 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	301 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40702">II&ordf;-IIae q. 42 a. 2 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	302 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40703">II&ordf;-IIae q. 42 a. 2 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	303 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40704">II&ordf;-IIae q. 42 a. 2 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	304 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40705">II&ordf;-IIae q. 42 a. 2 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	305 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40706">II&ordf;-IIae q. 43 pr.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	306 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40707">II&ordf;-IIae q. 43 a. 1 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	307 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40708">II&ordf;-IIae q. 43 a. 1 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	308 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40709">II&ordf;-IIae q. 43 a. 1 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	309 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40710">II&ordf;-IIae q. 43 a. 1 arg. 4');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	310 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40711">II&ordf;-IIae q. 43 a. 1 arg. 5');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	311 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40712">II&ordf;-IIae q. 43 a. 1 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	312 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40713">II&ordf;-IIae q. 43 a. 1 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	313 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40714">II&ordf;-IIae q. 43 a. 1 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	314 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40715">II&ordf;-IIae q. 43 a. 1 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	315 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40716">II&ordf;-IIae q. 43 a. 1 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	316 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40717">II&ordf;-IIae q. 43 a. 1 ad 4');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	317 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40718">II&ordf;-IIae q. 43 a. 1 ad 5');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	318 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40719">II&ordf;-IIae q. 43 a. 2 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	319 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40720">II&ordf;-IIae q. 43 a. 2 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	320 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40721">II&ordf;-IIae q. 43 a. 2 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	321 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40722">II&ordf;-IIae q. 43 a. 2 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	322 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40723">II&ordf;-IIae q. 43 a. 2 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	323 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40724">II&ordf;-IIae q. 43 a. 2 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	324 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40725">II&ordf;-IIae q. 43 a. 2 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	325 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40726">II&ordf;-IIae q. 43 a. 2 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	326 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40727">II&ordf;-IIae q. 43 a. 3 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	327 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40728">II&ordf;-IIae q. 43 a. 3 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	328 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40729">II&ordf;-IIae q. 43 a. 3 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	329 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40730">II&ordf;-IIae q. 43 a. 3 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	330 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40731">II&ordf;-IIae q. 43 a. 3 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	331 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40732">II&ordf;-IIae q. 43 a. 3 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	332 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40733">II&ordf;-IIae q. 43 a. 3 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	333 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40734">II&ordf;-IIae q. 43 a. 3 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	334 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40735">II&ordf;-IIae q. 43 a. 4 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	335 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40736">II&ordf;-IIae q. 43 a. 4 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	336 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40737">II&ordf;-IIae q. 43 a. 4 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	337 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40738">II&ordf;-IIae q. 43 a. 4 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	338 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40739">II&ordf;-IIae q. 43 a. 4 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	339 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40740">II&ordf;-IIae q. 43 a. 4 ad');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	340 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40741">II&ordf;-IIae q. 43 a. 5 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	341 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40742">II&ordf;-IIae q. 43 a. 5 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	342 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40743">II&ordf;-IIae q. 43 a. 5 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	343 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40744">II&ordf;-IIae q. 43 a. 5 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	344 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40745">II&ordf;-IIae q. 43 a. 5 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	345 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40746">II&ordf;-IIae q. 43 a. 5 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	346 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40747">II&ordf;-IIae q. 43 a. 5 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	347 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40748">II&ordf;-IIae q. 43 a. 5 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	348 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40749">II&ordf;-IIae q. 43 a. 6 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	349 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40750">II&ordf;-IIae q. 43 a. 6 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	350 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40751">II&ordf;-IIae q. 43 a. 6 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	351 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40752">II&ordf;-IIae q. 43 a. 6 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	352 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40753">II&ordf;-IIae q. 43 a. 6 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	353 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40754">II&ordf;-IIae q. 43 a. 6 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	354 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40755">II&ordf;-IIae q. 43 a. 6 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	355 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40756">II&ordf;-IIae q. 43 a. 6 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	356 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40757">II&ordf;-IIae q. 43 a. 7 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	357 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40758">II&ordf;-IIae q. 43 a. 7 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	358 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40759">II&ordf;-IIae q. 43 a. 7 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	359 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40760">II&ordf;-IIae q. 43 a. 7 arg. 4');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	360 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40761">II&ordf;-IIae q. 43 a. 7 arg. 5');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	361 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40762">II&ordf;-IIae q. 43 a. 7 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	362 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40763">II&ordf;-IIae q. 43 a. 7 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	363 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40764">II&ordf;-IIae q. 43 a. 7 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	364 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40765">II&ordf;-IIae q. 43 a. 7 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	365 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40766">II&ordf;-IIae q. 43 a. 7 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	366 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40767">II&ordf;-IIae q. 43 a. 7 ad 4');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	367 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40768">II&ordf;-IIae q. 43 a. 7 ad 5');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	368 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40769">II&ordf;-IIae q. 43 a. 8 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	369 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40770">II&ordf;-IIae q. 43 a. 8 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	370 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40771">II&ordf;-IIae q. 43 a. 8 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	371 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40772">II&ordf;-IIae q. 43 a. 8 arg. 4');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	372 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40773">II&ordf;-IIae q. 43 a. 8 arg. 5');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	373 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40774">II&ordf;-IIae q. 43 a. 8 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	374 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40775">II&ordf;-IIae q. 43 a. 8 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	375 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40776">II&ordf;-IIae q. 43 a. 8 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	376 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40777">II&ordf;-IIae q. 43 a. 8 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	377 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40778">II&ordf;-IIae q. 43 a. 8 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	378 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40779">II&ordf;-IIae q. 43 a. 8 ad 4');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	379 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#40780">II&ordf;-IIae q. 43 a. 8 ad 5');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	380 document.write('<\/SELECT>');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	381 document.write('<BR><BR>');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	382 document.write('<INPUT TYPE="button" VALUE="Agedum" ONCLICK="go()">');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	383 document.write('<\/FORM>');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	384 // -->
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	385 //
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	386 </script><br/>
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	387 <hr/>
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	388 <br/></div><div class="q" id="q34"><h2>Quaestio 34</h2><div class="p"><h3>Prooemium</h3><p title="II-II q. 34 pr."><a name="40451"><span class="ref">[40451] IIª-IIae q. 34 pr.</span></a> Deinde
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	389 considerandum est de vitiis oppositis caritati. Et primo, de odio,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	390 quod opponitur ipsi dilectioni; secundo, de acedia et invidia, quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	391 opponuntur gaudio caritatis; tertio, de discordia et schismate,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	392 quae opponuntur paci; quarto, de offensione et scandalo, quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	393 opponuntur beneficentiae et correctioni fraternae. Circa primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	394 quaeruntur sex, primo, utrum Deus possit odio haberi. Secundo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	395 utrum odium Dei sit maximum peccatorum. Tertio, utrum odium proximi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	396 semper sit peccatum. Quarto, utrum sit maximum inter peccata quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	397 sunt in proximum. Quinto, utrum sit vitium capitale. Sexto, ex quo
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	398 capitali vitio oriatur.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 1</h3><p title="II-II q. 34 a. 1 arg. 1"><a name="40452"><span class="ref">[40452] IIª-IIae q. 34 a. 1 arg. 1</span></a> Ad primum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	399 sic proceditur. Videtur quod Deum nullus odio habere possit. Dicit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	400 enim Dionysius, IV cap. de Div. Nom., quod <i>omnibus amabile et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	401 diligibile est ipsum bonum et pulchrum</i>. Sed Deus est ipsa
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	402 bonitas et pulchritudo. Ergo a nullo odio habetur.</p><p title="II-II q. 34 a. 1 arg. 2"><a name="40453"><span class="ref">[40453] IIª-IIae q. 34 a. 1 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	403 in apocryphis Esdrae dicitur quod <i>omnia invocant veritatem, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	404 benignantur in operibus eius</i>. Sed Deus est ipsa veritas, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	405 dicitur Ioan. XIV. Ergo omnes diligunt Deum, et nullus eum odio
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	406 habere potest.</p><p title="II-II q. 34 a. 1 arg. 3"><a name="40454"><span class="ref">[40454] IIª-IIae q. 34 a. 1 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	407 odium est aversio quaedam. Sed sicut Dionysius dicit, in IV cap. de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	408 Div. Nom., Deus omnia ad seipsum convertit. Ergo nullus eum odio
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	409 habere potest.</p><p title="II-II q. 34 a. 1 s. c."><a name="40455"><span class="ref">[40455] IIª-IIae q. 34 a. 1 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	410 est, quod dicitur in Psalm., <i>superbia eorum qui te oderunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	411 ascendit semper</i>; et Ioan. XV, <i>nunc autem et viderunt et
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	412 oderunt me et patrem meum</i>.</p><p title="II-II q. 34 a. 1 co."><a name="40456"><span class="ref">[40456] IIª-IIae q. 34 a. 1 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	413 dicendum quod, sicut ex supradictis patet, odium est quidam motus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	414 appetitivae potentiae, quae non movetur nisi ab aliquo apprehenso.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	415 Deus autem dupliciter ab homine apprehendi potest, uno modo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	416 secundum seipsum, puta cum per essentiam videtur; alio modo, per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	417 effectus suos, cum scilicet <i>invisibilia Dei per ea quae facta
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	418 sunt intellecta conspiciuntur</i>. Deus autem per essentiam suam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	419 est ipsa bonitas, quam nullus habere odio potest, quia de ratione
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	420 boni est ut ametur. Et ideo impossibile est quod aliquis videns
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	421 Deum per essentiam eum odio habeat. Sed effectus eius aliqui sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	422 qui nullo modo possunt esse contrarii voluntati humanae, quia esse,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	423 vivere et intelligere est appetibile et amabile omnibus, quae sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	424 quidam effectus Dei. Unde etiam secundum quod Deus apprehenditur ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	425 auctor horum effectuum, non potest odio haberi. Sunt autem quidam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	426 effectus Dei qui repugnant inordinatae voluntati, sicut inflictio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	427 poenae; et etiam cohibitio peccatorum per legem divinam, quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	428 repugnat voluntati depravatae per peccatum. Et quantum ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	429 considerationem talium effectuum, ab aliquibus Deus odio haberi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	430 potest, inquantum scilicet apprehenditur peccatorum prohibitor et
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	431 poenarum inflictor.</p><p title="II-II q. 34 a. 1 ad 1"><a name="40457"><span class="ref">[40457] IIª-IIae q. 34 a. 1 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	432 ergo dicendum quod ratio illa procedit quantum ad illos qui vident
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	433 Dei essentiam, quae est ipsa essentia bonitatis.</p><p title="II-II q. 34 a. 1 ad 2"><a name="40458"><span class="ref">[40458] IIª-IIae q. 34 a. 1 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	434 dicendum quod ratio illa procedit quantum ad hoc quod apprehenditur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	435 Deus ut causa illorum effectuum qui naturaliter ab hominibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	436 amantur, inter quos sunt opera veritatis praebentis suam
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	437 cognitionem hominibus.</p><p title="II-II q. 34 a. 1 ad 3"><a name="40459"><span class="ref">[40459] IIª-IIae q. 34 a. 1 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	438 dicendum quod Deus convertit omnia ad seipsum inquantum est essendi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	439 principium, quia omnia, inquantum sunt, tendunt in Dei
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	440 similitudinem, qui est ipsum esse.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 2</h3><p title="II-II q. 34 a. 2 arg. 1"><a name="40460"><span class="ref">[40460] IIª-IIae q. 34 a. 2 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	441 secundum sic proceditur. Videtur quod odium Dei non sit maximum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	442 peccatorum. Gravissimum enim peccatum est peccatum in spiritum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	443 sanctum, quod est irremissibile, ut dicitur Matth. XII. Sed odium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	444 Dei non computatur inter species peccati in spiritum sanctum; ut ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	445 supradictis patet. Ergo odium Dei non est gravissimum
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	446 peccatorum.</p><p title="II-II q. 34 a. 2 arg. 2"><a name="40461"><span class="ref">[40461] IIª-IIae q. 34 a. 2 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	447 peccatum consistit in elongatione a Deo. Sed magis videtur esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	448 elongatus a Deo infidelis, qui nec Dei cognitionem habet, quam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	449 fidelis, qui saltem, quamvis Deum odio habet, eum tamen cognoscit.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	450 Ergo videtur quod gravius sit peccatum infidelitatis quam peccatum
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	451 odii in Deum.</p><p title="II-II q. 34 a. 2 arg. 3"><a name="40462"><span class="ref">[40462] IIª-IIae q. 34 a. 2 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	452 Deus habetur odio solum ratione suorum effectuum qui repugnant
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	453 voluntati, inter quos praecipuum est poena. Sed odire poenam non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	454 est maximum peccatorum. Ergo odium Dei non est maximum
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	455 peccatorum.</p><p title="II-II q. 34 a. 2 s. c."><a name="40463"><span class="ref">[40463] IIª-IIae q. 34 a. 2 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	456 est quod optimo opponitur pessimum; ut patet per philosophum, in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	457 VIII Ethic. Sed odium Dei opponitur dilectioni Dei, in qua
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	458 consistit optimum hominis. Ergo odium Dei est pessimum peccatum
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	459 hominis.</p><p title="II-II q. 34 a. 2 co."><a name="40464"><span class="ref">[40464] IIª-IIae q. 34 a. 2 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	460 dicendum quod defectus peccati consistit in aversione a Deo, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	461 supra dictum est. Huiusmodi autem aversio rationem culpae non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	462 haberet nisi voluntaria esset. Unde ratio culpae consistit in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	463 voluntaria aversione a Deo. Haec autem voluntaria aversio a Deo per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	464 se quidem importatur in odio Dei, in aliis autem peccatis quasi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	465 participative et secundum aliud. Sicut enim voluntas per se
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	466 inhaeret ei quod amat, ita secundum se refugit id quod odit, unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	467 quando aliquis odit Deum, voluntas eius secundum se ab eo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	468 avertitur. Sed in aliis peccatis, puta cum aliquis fornicatur, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	469 avertitur a Deo secundum se, sed secundum aliud, inquantum scilicet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	470 appetit inordinatam delectationem, quae habet annexam aversionem a
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	471 Deo. Semper autem id quod est per se est potius eo quod est
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	472 secundum aliud. Unde odium Dei inter alia peccata est gravius.</p><p title="II-II q. 34 a. 2 ad 1"><a name="40465"><span class="ref">[40465] IIª-IIae q. 34 a. 2 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	473 ergo dicendum quod, sicut Gregorius dicit, XXV Moral., <i>aliud est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	474 bona non facere, aliud est bonorum odisse datorem, sicut aliud est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	475 ex praecipitatione, aliud ex deliberatione peccare</i> ex quo datur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	476 intelligi quod odire Deum, omnium bonorum datorem, sit ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	477 deliberatione peccare, quod est peccatum in spiritum sanctum. Unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	478 manifestum est quod odium Dei maxime est peccatum in spiritum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	479 sanctum, secundum quod peccatum in spiritum sanctum nominat aliquod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	480 genus speciale peccati. Ideo tamen non computatur inter species
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	481 peccati in spiritum sanctum, quia generaliter invenitur in omni
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	482 specie peccati in spiritum sanctum.</p><p title="II-II q. 34 a. 2 ad 2"><a name="40466"><span class="ref">[40466] IIª-IIae q. 34 a. 2 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	483 dicendum quod ipsa infidelitas non habet rationem culpae nisi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	484 inquantum est voluntaria. Et ideo tanto est gravior quanto est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	485 magis voluntaria. Quod autem sit voluntaria provenit ex hoc quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	486 aliquis odio habet veritatem quae proponitur. Unde patet quod ratio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	487 peccati in infidelitate sit ex odio Dei, circa cuius veritatem est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	488 fides. Et ideo, sicut causa est potior effectu, ita odium Dei est
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	489 maius peccatum quam infidelitas.</p><p title="II-II q. 34 a. 2 ad 3"><a name="40467"><span class="ref">[40467] IIª-IIae q. 34 a. 2 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	490 dicendum quod non quicumque odit poenas odit Deum, poenarum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	491 auctorem, nam multi odiunt poenas qui tamen patienter eas ferunt ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	492 reverentia divinae iustitiae. Unde et Augustinus dicit, X Confess.,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	493 quod mala poenalia Deus tolerare iubet, non amari. Sed prorumpere
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	494 in odium Dei punientis, hoc est habere odio ipsam Dei iustitiam,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	495 quod est gravissimum peccatum. Unde Gregorius dicit, XXV Moral.,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	496 <i>sicut nonnunquam gravius est peccatum diligere quam perpetrare,
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	497 ita nequius est odisse iustitiam quam non fecisse</i>.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 3</h3><p title="II-II q. 34 a. 3 arg. 1"><a name="40468"><span class="ref">[40468] IIª-IIae q. 34 a. 3 arg. 1</span></a> Ad tertium
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	498 sic proceditur. Videtur quod non omne odium proximi sit peccatum.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	499 Nullum enim peccatum invenitur in praeceptis vel consiliis legis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	500 divinae, secundum illud Prov. VIII. <i>Recti sunt omnes sermones
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	501 mei, non est in eis pravum quid nec perversum</i>. Sed Luc. XIV
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	502 dicitur, <i>si quis venit ad me et non odit patrem et matrem, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	503 potest meus esse discipulus</i>. Ergo non omne odium proximi est
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	504 peccatum.</p><p title="II-II q. 34 a. 3 arg. 2"><a name="40469"><span class="ref">[40469] IIª-IIae q. 34 a. 3 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	505 nihil potest esse peccatum secundum quod Deum imitamur. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	506 imitando Deum quosdam odio habemus, dicitur enim Rom. I,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	507 <i>detractores, Deo odibiles</i>. Ergo possumus aliquos odio habere
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	508 absque peccato.</p><p title="II-II q. 34 a. 3 arg. 3"><a name="40470"><span class="ref">[40470] IIª-IIae q. 34 a. 3 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	509 nihil naturalium est peccatum, quia <i>peccatum est recessus ab eo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	510 quod est secundum naturam</i>, ut Damascenus dicit, in II libro.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	511 Sed naturale est unicuique rei quod odiat id quod est sibi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	512 contrarium et quod nitatur ad eius corruptionem. Ergo videtur non
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	513 esse peccatum quod aliquis habeat odio inimicum suum.</p><p title="II-II q. 34 a. 3 s. c."><a name="40471"><span class="ref">[40471] IIª-IIae q. 34 a. 3 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	514 est quod dicitur I Ioan. II, <i>qui fratrem suum odit in tenebris
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	515 est</i>. Sed tenebrae spirituales sunt peccata. Ergo odium proximi
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	516 non potest esse sine peccato.</p><p title="II-II q. 34 a. 3 co."><a name="40472"><span class="ref">[40472] IIª-IIae q. 34 a. 3 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	517 dicendum quod odium amori opponitur, ut supra dictum est. Unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	518 tantum habet odium de ratione mali quantum amor habet de ratione
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	519 boni. Amor autem debetur proximo secundum id quod a Deo habet,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	520 idest secundum naturam et gratiam, non autem debetur ei amor
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	521 secundum id quod habet a seipso et Diabolo, scilicet secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	522 peccatum et iustitiae defectum. Et ideo licet habere odio in fratre
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	523 peccatum et omne illud quod pertinet ad defectum divinae iustitiae,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	524 sed ipsam naturam et gratiam fratris non potest aliquis habere odio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	525 sine peccato. Hoc autem ipsum quod in fratre odimus culpam et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	526 defectum boni, pertinet ad fratris amorem, eiusdem enim rationis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	527 est quod velimus bonum alicuius et quod odimus malum ipsius. Unde,
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	528 simpliciter accipiendo odium fratris, semper est cum peccato.</p><p title="II-II q. 34 a. 3 ad 1"><a name="40473"><span class="ref">[40473] IIª-IIae q. 34 a. 3 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	529 ergo dicendum quod parentes, quantum ad naturam et affinitatem qua
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	530 nobis coniunguntur, sunt a nobis secundum praeceptum Dei honorandi,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	531 ut patet Exod. XX. Odiendi autem sunt quantum ad hoc quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	532 impedimentum praestant nobis accedendi ad perfectionem divinae
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	533 iustitiae.</p><p title="II-II q. 34 a. 3 ad 2"><a name="40474"><span class="ref">[40474] IIª-IIae q. 34 a. 3 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	534 dicendum quod Deus in detractoribus odio habet culpam, non naturam.
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	535 Et sic sine culpa possumus odio detractores habere.</p><p title="II-II q. 34 a. 3 ad 3"><a name="40475"><span class="ref">[40475] IIª-IIae q. 34 a. 3 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	536 dicendum quod homines secundum bona quae habent a Deo non sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	537 nobis contrarii, unde quantum ad hoc sunt amandi. Contrariantur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	538 autem nobis secundum quod contra nos inimicitias exercent, quod ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	539 eorum culpam pertinet, et quantum ad hoc sunt odio habendi. Hoc
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	540 enim in eis debemus habere odio, quod nobis sunt inimici.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 4</h3><p title="II-II q. 34 a. 4 arg. 1"><a name="40476"><span class="ref">[40476] IIª-IIae q. 34 a. 4 arg. 1</span></a> Ad quartum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	541 sic proceditur. Videtur quod odium proximi sit gravissimum peccatum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	542 eorum quae in proximo committuntur. Dicitur enim I Ioan. III,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	543 <i>omnis qui odit fratrem suum homicida est</i>. Sed homicidium est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	544 gravissimum peccatorum quae committuntur in proximum. Ergo et
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	545 odium.</p><p title="II-II q. 34 a. 4 arg. 2"><a name="40477"><span class="ref">[40477] IIª-IIae q. 34 a. 4 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	546 pessimum opponitur optimo. Sed optimum eorum quae proximo exhibemus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	547 est amor, omnia enim alia ad dilectionem referuntur. Ergo et
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	548 pessimum est odium.</p><p title="II-II q. 34 a. 4 s. c. 1"><a name="40478"><span class="ref">[40478] IIª-IIae q. 34 a. 4 s. c. 1</span></a> Sed
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	549 contra, malum dicitur quod nocet; secundum Augustinum, in Enchirid.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	550 Sed plus aliquis nocet proximo per alia peccata quam per odium,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	551 puta per furtum et homicidium et adulterium. Ergo odium non est
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	552 gravissimum peccatum.</p><p title="II-II q. 34 a. 4 s. c. 2"><a name="40479"><span class="ref">[40479] IIª-IIae q. 34 a. 4 s. c. 2</span></a>
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	553 Praeterea, Chrysostomus, exponens illud Matth., <i>qui solverit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	554 unum de mandatis istis minimis</i>, dicit, <i>mandata Moysi, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	555 occides, non adulterabis, in remuneratione modica sunt, in peccato
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	556 autem magna, mandata autem Christi, idest non irascaris, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	557 concupiscas, in remuneratione magna sunt, in peccato autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	558 minima</i>. Odium autem pertinet ad interiorem motum, sicut et ira
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	559 et concupiscentia. Ergo odium proximi est minus peccatum quam
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	560 homicidium.</p><p title="II-II q. 34 a. 4 co."><a name="40480"><span class="ref">[40480] IIª-IIae q. 34 a. 4 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	561 dicendum quod peccatum quod committitur in proximum habet rationem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	562 mali ex duobus, uno quidem modo, ex deordinatione eius qui peccat;
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	563 alio modo, ex nocumento quod infertur ei contra quem peccatur.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	564 Primo ergo modo odium est maius peccatum quam exteriores actus qui
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	565 sunt in proximi nocumentum, quia scilicet per odium deordinatur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	566 voluntas hominis, quae est potissimum in homine, et ex qua est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	567 radix peccati. Unde etiam si exteriores actus inordinati essent
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	568 absque inordinatione voluntatis, non essent peccata, puta cum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	569 aliquis ignoranter vel zelo iustitiae hominem occidit. Et si quid
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	570 culpae est in exterioribus peccatis quae contra proximum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	571 committuntur, totum est ex interiori odio. Sed quantum ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	572 nocumentum quod proximo infertur peiora sunt exteriora peccata quam
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	573 interius odium.</p><p title="II-II q. 34 a. 4 ad arg."><a name="40481"><span class="ref">[40481] IIª-IIae q. 34 a. 4 ad arg.</span></a> Et per
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	574 hoc patet responsio ad obiecta.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 5</h3><p title="II-II q. 34 a. 5 arg. 1"><a name="40482"><span class="ref">[40482] IIª-IIae q. 34 a. 5 arg. 1</span></a> Ad quintum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	575 sic proceditur. Videtur quod odium sit vitium capitale. Odium enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	576 directe opponitur caritati. Sed caritas est principalissima
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	577 virtutum et mater aliarum. Ergo odium est maxime vitium capitale,
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	578 et principium omnium aliorum.</p><p title="II-II q. 34 a. 5 arg. 2"><a name="40483"><span class="ref">[40483] IIª-IIae q. 34 a. 5 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	579 peccata oriuntur in nobis secundum inclinationem passionum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	580 secundum illud ad Rom. VII, <i>passiones peccatorum operabantur in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	581 membris nostris, ut fructificarent morti</i>. Sed in passionibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	582 animae ex amore et odio videntur omnes aliae sequi, ut ex
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	583 supradictis patet. Ergo odium debet poni inter vitia capitalia.</p><p title="II-II q. 34 a. 5 arg. 3"><a name="40484"><span class="ref">[40484] IIª-IIae q. 34 a. 5 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	584 vitium est malum morale. Sed odium principalius respicit malum quam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	585 alia passio. Ergo videtur quod odium debet poni vitium
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	586 capitale.</p><p title="II-II q. 34 a. 5 s. c."><a name="40485"><span class="ref">[40485] IIª-IIae q. 34 a. 5 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	587 est quod Gregorius, XXXI Moral., non enumerat odium inter septem
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	588 vitia capitalia.</p><p title="II-II q. 34 a. 5 co."><a name="40486"><span class="ref">[40486] IIª-IIae q. 34 a. 5 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	589 dicendum quod, sicut supra dictum est, vitium capitale est ex quo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	590 ut frequentius alia vitia oriuntur. Vitium autem est contra naturam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	591 hominis inquantum est animal rationale. In his autem quae contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	592 naturam fiunt paulatim id quod est naturae corrumpitur. Unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	593 oportet quod primo recedatur ab eo quod est minus secundum naturam,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	594 et ultimo ab eo quod est maxime secundum naturam, quia id quod est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	595 primum in constructione est ultimum in resolutione. Id autem quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	596 est maxime et primo naturale homini est quod diligat bonum, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	597 praecipue bonum divinum et bonum proximi. Et ideo odium, quod huic
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	598 dilectioni opponitur, non est primum in deletione virtutis, quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	599 fit per vitia, sed ultimum. Et ideo odium non est vitium
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	600 capitale.</p><p title="II-II q. 34 a. 5 ad 1"><a name="40487"><span class="ref">[40487] IIª-IIae q. 34 a. 5 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	601 ergo dicendum quod, sicut dicitur in VII Physic., <i>virtus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	602 uniuscuiusque rei consistit in hoc quod sit bene disposita secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	603 suam naturam</i>. Et ideo in virtutibus oportet esse primum et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	604 principale quod est primum et principale in ordine naturali. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	605 propter hoc caritas ponitur principalissima virtutum. Et eadem
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	606 ratione odium non potest esse primum in vitiis, ut dictum est.</p><p title="II-II q. 34 a. 5 ad 2"><a name="40488"><span class="ref">[40488] IIª-IIae q. 34 a. 5 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	607 dicendum quod odium mali quod contrariatur naturali bono est primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	608 inter passiones animae, sicut et amor naturalis boni. Sed odium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	609 boni connaturalis non potest esse primum, sed habet rationem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	610 ultimi, quia tale odium attestatur corruptioni naturae iam factae,
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	611 sicut et amor extranei boni.</p><p title="II-II q. 34 a. 5 ad 3"><a name="40489"><span class="ref">[40489] IIª-IIae q. 34 a. 5 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	612 dicendum quod duplex est malum. Quoddam verum, quia scilicet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	613 repugnat naturali bono, et huius mali odium potest habere rationem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	614 prioritatis inter passiones. Est autem aliud malum non verum, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	615 apparens, quod scilicet est verum bonum et connaturale, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	616 aestimatur ut malum propter corruptionem naturae. Et huiusmodi mali
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	617 odium oportet quod sit in ultimo. Hoc autem odium est vitiosum, non
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	618 autem primum.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 6</h3><p title="II-II q. 34 a. 6 arg. 1"><a name="40490"><span class="ref">[40490] IIª-IIae q. 34 a. 6 arg. 1</span></a> Ad sextum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	619 sic proceditur. Videtur quod odium non oriatur ex invidia. Invidia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	620 enim est tristitia quaedam de alienis bonis. Odium autem non oritur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	621 ex tristitia, sed potius e converso, tristamur enim de praesentia
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	622 malorum quae odimus. Ergo odium non oritur ex invidia.</p><p title="II-II q. 34 a. 6 arg. 2"><a name="40491"><span class="ref">[40491] IIª-IIae q. 34 a. 6 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	623 odium dilectioni opponitur. Sed dilectio proximi refertur ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	624 dilectionem Dei, ut supra habitum est. Ergo et odium proximi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	625 refertur ad odium Dei. Sed odium Dei non causatur ex invidia, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	626 enim invidemus his qui maxime a nobis distant, sed his qui
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	627 propinqui videntur, ut patet per philosophum, in II Rhet. Ergo
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	628 odium non causatur ex invidia.</p><p title="II-II q. 34 a. 6 arg. 3"><a name="40492"><span class="ref">[40492] IIª-IIae q. 34 a. 6 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	629 unius effectus una est causa. Sed odium causatur ex ira, dicit enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	630 Augustinus, in regula, quod ira crescit in odium. Non ergo causatur
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	631 odium ex invidia.</p><p title="II-II q. 34 a. 6 s. c."><a name="40493"><span class="ref">[40493] IIª-IIae q. 34 a. 6 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	632 est quod Gregorius dicit, XXXI Moral., quod de invidia oritur
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	633 odium.</p><p title="II-II q. 34 a. 6 co."><a name="40494"><span class="ref">[40494] IIª-IIae q. 34 a. 6 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	634 dicendum quod, sicut dictum est, odium proximi est ultimum in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	635 progressu peccati, eo quod opponitur dilectioni qua naturaliter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	636 proximus diligitur. Quod autem aliquis recedat ab eo quod est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	637 naturale, contingit ex hoc quod intendit vitare aliquid quod est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	638 naturaliter fugiendum. Naturaliter autem omne animal fugit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	639 tristitiam, sicut et appetit delectationem; sicut patet per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	640 philosophum, in VII et X Ethic. Et ideo sicut ex delectatione
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	641 causatur amor, ita ex tristitia causatur odium, sicut enim movemur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	642 ad diligendum ea quae nos delectant, inquantum ex hoc ipso
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	643 accipiuntur sub ratione boni; ita movemur ad odiendum ea quae nos
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	644 contristant, inquantum ex hoc ipso accipiuntur sub ratione mali.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	645 Unde cum invidia sit tristitia de bono proximi, sequitur quod bonum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	646 proximi reddatur nobis odiosum. Et inde est quod ex invidia oritur
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	647 odium.</p><p title="II-II q. 34 a. 6 ad 1"><a name="40495"><span class="ref">[40495] IIª-IIae q. 34 a. 6 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	648 ergo dicendum quod quia vis appetitiva, sicut et apprehensiva,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	649 reflectitur super suos actus, sequitur quod in motibus appetitivae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	650 virtutis sit quaedam circulatio. Secundum igitur primum processum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	651 appetitivi motus, ex amore consequitur desiderium, ex quo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	652 consequitur delectatio, cum quis consecutus fuerit quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	653 desiderabat. Et quia hoc ipsum quod est delectari in bono amato
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	654 habet quandam rationem boni, sequitur quod delectatio causet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	655 amorem. Et secundum eandem rationem sequitur quod tristitia causet
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	656 odium.</p><p title="II-II q. 34 a. 6 ad 2"><a name="40496"><span class="ref">[40496] IIª-IIae q. 34 a. 6 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	657 dicendum quod alia ratio est de dilectione et odio. Nam dilectionis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	658 obiectum est bonum, quod a Deo in creaturas derivatur, et ideo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	659 dilectio per prius est Dei, et per posterius est proximi. Sed odium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	660 est mali, quod non habet locum in ipso Deo, sed in eius effectibus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	661 unde etiam supra dictum est quod Deus non habetur odio nisi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	662 inquantum apprehenditur secundum suos effectus. Et ideo per prius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	663 est odium proximi quam odium Dei. Unde, cum invidia ad proximum sit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	664 mater odii quod est ad proximum, fit per consequens causa odii quod
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	665 est in Deum.</p><p title="II-II q. 34 a. 6 ad 3"><a name="40497"><span class="ref">[40497] IIª-IIae q. 34 a. 6 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	666 dicendum quod nihil prohibet secundum diversas rationes aliquid
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	667 oriri ex diversis causis. Et secundum hoc odium potest oriri et ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	668 ira et ex invidia. Directius tamen oritur ex invidia, per quam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	669 ipsum bonum proximi redditur contristabile et per consequens
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	670 odibile. Sed ex ira oritur odium secundum quoddam augmentum. Nam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	671 primo per iram appetimus malum proximi secundum quandam mensuram,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	672 prout scilicet habet rationem vindictae, postea autem per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	673 continuitatem irae pervenitur ad hoc quod homo malum proximi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	674 absolute desideret, quod pertinet ad rationem odii. Unde patet quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	675 odium ex invidia causatur formaliter secundum rationem obiecti; ex
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	676 ira autem dispositive.</p></div></div><div class="q" id="q35"><h2>Quaestio 35</h2><div class="p"><h3>Prooemium</h3><p title="II-II q. 35 pr."><a name="40498"><span class="ref">[40498] IIª-IIae q. 35 pr.</span></a> Deinde
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	677 considerandum est de vitiis oppositis gaudio caritatis. Quod quidem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	678 est et de bono divino, cui gaudio opponitur acedia; et de bono
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	679 proximi, cui gaudio opponitur invidia. Unde primo considerandum est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	680 de acedia; secundo, de invidia. Circa primum quaeruntur quatuor.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	681 Primo, utrum acedia sit peccatum. Secundo, utrum sit speciale
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	682 vitium. Tertio, utrum sit mortale peccatum. Quarto, utrum sit
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	683 vitium capitale.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 1</h3><p title="II-II q. 35 a. 1 arg. 1"><a name="40499"><span class="ref">[40499] IIª-IIae q. 35 a. 1 arg. 1</span></a> Ad primum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	684 sic proceditur. Videtur quod acedia non sit peccatum.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	685 <i>Passionibus enim non laudamur neque vituperamur</i>; secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	686 philosophum, in II Ethic. Sed acedia est quaedam passio, est enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	687 species tristitiae, ut Damascenus dicit, et supra habitum est. Ergo
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	688 acedia non est peccatum.</p><p title="II-II q. 35 a. 1 arg. 2"><a name="40500"><span class="ref">[40500] IIª-IIae q. 35 a. 1 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	689 nullus defectus corporalis qui statutis horis accidit habet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	690 rationem peccati. Sed acedia est huiusmodi, dicit enim Cassianus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	691 in X Lib. de institutis monasteriorum, <i>maxime acedia circa horam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	692 sextam monachum inquietat, ut quaedam febris ingruens tempore
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	693 praestituto, ardentissimos aestus accensionum suarum solitis ac
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	694 statutis horis animae inferens aegrotanti</i>. Ergo acedia non est
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	695 peccatum.</p><p title="II-II q. 35 a. 1 arg. 3"><a name="40501"><span class="ref">[40501] IIª-IIae q. 35 a. 1 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	696 illud quod ex radice bona procedit non videtur esse peccatum. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	697 acedia ex bona radice procedit, dicit enim Cassianus, in eodem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	698 libro, quod acedia provenit ex hoc quod aliquis <i>ingemiscit se
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	699 fructum spiritualem non habere, et absentia longeque posita
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	700 magnificat monasteria</i>; quod videtur ad humilitatem pertinere.
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	701 Ergo acedia non est peccatum.</p><p title="II-II q. 35 a. 1 arg. 4"><a name="40502"><span class="ref">[40502] IIª-IIae q. 35 a. 1 arg. 4</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	702 omne peccatum est fugiendum, secundum illud Eccli. XXI, <i>quasi a
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	703 facie colubri, fuge peccatum</i>. Sed Cassianus dicit, in eodem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	704 libro, <i>experimento probatum est acediae impugnationem non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	705 declinando fugiendam, sed resistendo superandam</i>. Ergo acedia
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	706 non est peccatum.</p><p title="II-II q. 35 a. 1 s. c."><a name="40503"><span class="ref">[40503] IIª-IIae q. 35 a. 1 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	707 illud quod interdicitur in sacra Scriptura est peccatum. Sed acedia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	708 est huiusmodi, dicitur enim Eccli. VI, subiice humerum tuum et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	709 porta illam, idest spiritualem sapientiam, et non acedieris in
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	710 vinculis eius. Ergo acedia est peccatum.</p><p title="II-II q. 35 a. 1 co."><a name="40504"><span class="ref">[40504] IIª-IIae q. 35 a. 1 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	711 dicendum quod acedia, secundum Damascenum, est quaedam tristitia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	712 aggravans, quae scilicet ita deprimit animum hominis ut nihil ei
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	713 agere libeat; sicuti ea quae sunt acida etiam frigida sunt. Et ideo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	714 acedia importat quoddam taedium operandi, ut patet per hoc quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	715 dicitur in Glossa super illud Psalm., <i>omnem escam abominata est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	716 anima eorum</i>; et a quibusdam dicitur quod acedia est torpor
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	717 mentis bona negligentis inchoare. Huiusmodi autem tristitia semper
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	718 est mala, quandoque quidem etiam secundum seipsam; quandoque vero
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	719 secundum effectum. Tristitia enim secundum se mala est quae est de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	720 eo quod est apparens malum et vere bonum, sicut e contrario
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	721 delectatio mala est quae est de eo quod est apparens bonum et vere
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	722 malum. Cum igitur spirituale bonum sit vere bonum, tristitia quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	723 est de spirituali bono est secundum se mala. Sed etiam tristitia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	724 quae est de vere malo mala est secundum effectum si sic hominem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	725 aggravet ut eum totaliter a bono opere retrahat, unde et apostolus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	726 II ad Cor. II, non vult ut poenitens maiori tristitia de peccato
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	727 absorbeatur. Quia igitur acedia, secundum quod hic sumitur, nominat
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	728 tristitiam spiritualis boni, est dupliciter mala, et secundum se et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	729 secundum effectum. Et ideo acedia est peccatum, malum enim in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	730 motibus appetitivis dicimus esse peccatum, ut ex supradictis
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	731 patet.</p><p title="II-II q. 35 a. 1 ad 1"><a name="40505"><span class="ref">[40505] IIª-IIae q. 35 a. 1 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	732 ergo dicendum quod passiones secundum se non sunt peccata, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	733 secundum quod applicantur ad aliquod malum, vituperantur; sicut et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	734 laudantur ex hoc quod applicantur ad aliquod bonum. Unde tristitia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	735 secundum se non nominat nec aliquid laudabile nec vituperabile, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	736 tristitia de malo vero moderata nominat aliquid laudabile;
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	737 tristitia autem de bono, et iterum tristitia immoderata, nominat
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	738 aliquid vituperabile. Et secundum hoc acedia ponitur peccatum.</p><p title="II-II q. 35 a. 1 ad 2"><a name="40506"><span class="ref">[40506] IIª-IIae q. 35 a. 1 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	739 dicendum quod passiones appetitus sensitivi et in se possunt esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	740 peccata venialia, et inclinant animam ad peccatum mortale. Et quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	741 appetitus sensitivus habet organum corporale, sequitur quod per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	742 aliquam corporalem transmutationem homo fit habilior ad aliquod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	743 peccatum. Et ideo potest contingere quod secundum aliquas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	744 transmutationes corporales certis temporibus provenientes aliqua
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	745 peccata nos magis impugnent. Omnis autem corporalis defectus de se
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	746 ad tristitiam disponit. Et ideo ieiunantes, circa meridiem, quando
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	747 iam incipiunt sentire defectum cibi et urgeri ab aestibus solis,
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	748 magis ab acedia impugnantur.</p><p title="II-II q. 35 a. 1 ad 3"><a name="40507"><span class="ref">[40507] IIª-IIae q. 35 a. 1 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	749 dicendum quod ad humilitatem pertinet ut homo, defectus proprios
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	750 considerans, seipsum non extollat. Sed hoc non pertinet ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	751 humilitatem, sed potius ad ingratitudinem, quod bona quae quis a
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	752 Deo possidet contemnat. Et ex tali contemptu sequitur acedia, de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	753 his enim tristamur quae quasi mala vel vilia reputamus. Sic igitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	754 necesse est ut aliquis aliorum bona extollat quod tamen bona sibi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	755 divinitus provisa non contemnat, quia sic ei tristia
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	756 redderentur.</p><p title="II-II q. 35 a. 1 ad 4"><a name="40508"><span class="ref">[40508] IIª-IIae q. 35 a. 1 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	757 dicendum quod peccatum semper est fugiendum, sed impugnatio peccati
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	758 quandoque est vincenda fugiendo, quandoque resistendo. Fugiendo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	759 quidem, quando continua cogitatio auget peccati incentivum, sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	760 est in luxuria, unde dicitur I ad Cor. VI, <i>fugite
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	761 fornicationem</i>. Resistendo autem, quando cogitatio perseverans
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	762 tollit incentivum peccati, quod provenit ex aliqua levi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	763 apprehensione. Et hoc contingit in acedia, quia quanto magis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	764 cogitamus de bonis spiritualibus, tanto magis nobis placentia
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	765 redduntur; ex quo cessat acedia.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 2</h3><p title="II-II q. 35 a. 2 arg. 1"><a name="40509"><span class="ref">[40509] IIª-IIae q. 35 a. 2 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	766 secundum sic proceditur. Videtur quod acedia non sit speciale
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	767 vitium. Illud enim quod convenit omni vitio non constituit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	768 specialis vitii rationem. Sed quodlibet vitium facit hominem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	769 tristari de bono spirituali opposito, nam luxuriosus tristatur de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	770 bono continentiae, et gulosus de bono abstinentiae. Cum ergo acedia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	771 sit tristitia de bono spirituali, sicut dictum est, videtur quod
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	772 acedia non sit speciale peccatum.</p><p title="II-II q. 35 a. 2 arg. 2"><a name="40510"><span class="ref">[40510] IIª-IIae q. 35 a. 2 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	773 acedia, cum sit tristitia quaedam, gaudio opponitur. Sed gaudium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	774 non ponitur una specialis virtus. Ergo neque acedia debet poni
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	775 speciale vitium.</p><p title="II-II q. 35 a. 2 arg. 3"><a name="40511"><span class="ref">[40511] IIª-IIae q. 35 a. 2 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	776 spirituale bonum, cum sit quoddam commune obiectum quod virtus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	777 appetit et vitium refugit, non constituit specialem rationem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	778 virtutis aut vitii nisi per aliquid additum contrahatur. Sed nihil
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	779 videtur quod contrahat ipsum ad acediam, si sit vitium speciale,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	780 nisi labor, ex hoc enim aliqui refugiunt spiritualia bona quia sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	781 laboriosa; unde et acedia taedium quoddam est. Refugere autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	782 labores, et quaerere quietem corporalem, ad idem pertinere videtur,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	783 scilicet ad pigritiam. Ergo acedia nihil aliud esset quam pigritia.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	784 Quod videtur esse falsum, nam pigritia sollicitudini opponitur,
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	785 acediae autem gaudium. Non ergo acedia est speciale vitium.</p><p title="II-II q. 35 a. 2 s. c."><a name="40512"><span class="ref">[40512] IIª-IIae q. 35 a. 2 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	786 est quod Gregorius, XXXI Moral., distinguit acediam ab aliis
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	787 vitiis. Ergo est speciale peccatum.</p><p title="II-II q. 35 a. 2 co."><a name="40513"><span class="ref">[40513] IIª-IIae q. 35 a. 2 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	788 dicendum quod, cum acedia sit tristitia de spirituali bono, si
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	789 accipiatur spirituale bonum communiter, non habebit acedia rationem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	790 specialis vitii, quia sicut dictum est, omne vitium refugit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	791 spirituale bonum virtutis oppositae. Similiter etiam non potest
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	792 dici quod sit speciale vitium acedia inquantum refugit spirituale
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	793 bonum prout est laboriosum vel molestum corpori, aut delectationis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	794 eius impeditivum, quia hoc etiam non separaret acediam a vitiis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	795 carnalibus, quibus aliquis quietem et delectationem corporis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	796 quaerit. Et ideo dicendum est quod in spiritualibus bonis est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	797 quidam ordo, nam omnia spiritualia bona quae sunt in actibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	798 singularum virtutum ordinantur ad unum spirituale bonum quod est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	799 bonum divinum, circa quod est specialis virtus, quae est caritas.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	800 Unde ad quamlibet virtutem pertinet gaudere de proprio spirituali
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	801 bono, quod consistit in proprio actu, sed ad caritatem pertinet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	802 specialiter illud gaudium spirituale quo quis gaudet de bono
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	803 divino. Et similiter illa tristitia qua quis tristatur de bono
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	804 spirituali quod est in actibus singularum virtutum non pertinet ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	805 aliquod vitium speciale, sed ad omnia vitia. Sed tristari de bono
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	806 divino, de quo caritas gaudet, pertinet ad speciale vitium, quod
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	807 acedia vocatur.</p><p title="II-II q. 35 a. 2 ad arg."><a name="40514"><span class="ref">[40514] IIª-IIae q. 35 a. 2 ad arg.</span></a> Et per
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	808 hoc patet responsio ad obiecta.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 3</h3><p title="II-II q. 35 a. 3 arg. 1"><a name="40515"><span class="ref">[40515] IIª-IIae q. 35 a. 3 arg. 1</span></a> Ad tertium
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	809 sic proceditur. Videtur quod acedia non sit peccatum mortale. Omne
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	810 enim peccatum mortale contrariatur praecepto legis Dei. Sed acedia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	811 nulli praecepto contrariari videtur, ut patet discurrenti per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	812 singula praecepta Decalogi. Ergo acedia non est peccatum
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	813 mortale.</p><p title="II-II q. 35 a. 3 arg. 2"><a name="40516"><span class="ref">[40516] IIª-IIae q. 35 a. 3 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	814 peccatum operis in eodem genere non est minus quam peccatum cordis.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	815 Sed recedere opere ab aliquo spirituali bono in Deum ducente non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	816 est peccatum mortale, alioquin mortaliter peccaret quicumque
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	817 consilia non observaret. Ergo recedere corde per tristitiam ab
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	818 huiusmodi spiritualibus operibus non est peccatum mortale. Non ergo
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	819 acedia est peccatum mortale.</p><p title="II-II q. 35 a. 3 arg. 3"><a name="40517"><span class="ref">[40517] IIª-IIae q. 35 a. 3 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	820 nullum peccatum mortale in viris perfectis invenitur. Sed acedia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	821 invenitur in viris perfectis, dicit enim Cassianus, in Lib. X de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	822 institutis coenobiorum, quod <i>acedia est solitariis magis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	823 experta, et in eremo commorantibus infestior hostis ac
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	824 frequens</i>. Ergo acedia non est peccatum mortale.</p><p title="II-II q. 35 a. 3 s. c."><a name="40518"><span class="ref">[40518] IIª-IIae q. 35 a. 3 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	825 est quod dicitur II ad Cor. VII, tristitia saeculi mortem operatur.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	826 Sed huiusmodi est acedia, non enim est tristitia secundum Deum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	827 quae contra tristitiam saeculi dividitur, quae mortem operatur.
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	828 Ergo est peccatum mortale.</p><p title="II-II q. 35 a. 3 co."><a name="40519"><span class="ref">[40519] IIª-IIae q. 35 a. 3 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	829 dicendum quod, sicut supra dictum est, peccatum mortale dicitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	830 quod tollit spiritualem vitam, quae est per caritatem, secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	831 quam Deus nos inhabitat, unde illud peccatum ex suo genere est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	832 mortale quod de se, secundum propriam rationem, contrariatur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	833 caritati. Huiusmodi autem est acedia. Nam proprius effectus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	834 caritatis est gaudium de Deo, ut supra dictum est, acedia autem est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	835 tristitia de bono spirituali inquantum est bonum divinum. Unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	836 secundum suum genus acedia est peccatum mortale. Sed considerandum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	837 est in omnibus peccatis quae sunt secundum suum genus mortalia quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	838 non sunt mortalia nisi quando suam perfectionem consequuntur. Est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	839 autem consummatio peccati in consensu rationis, loquimur enim nunc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	840 de peccato humano, quod in actu humano consistit, cuius principium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	841 est ratio. Unde si sit inchoatio peccati in sola sensualitate, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	842 non pertingat usque ad consensum rationis, propter imperfectionem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	843 actus est peccatum veniale. Sicut in genere adulterii
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	844 concupiscentia quae consistit in sola sensualitate est peccatum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	845 veniale; si tamen pervenitur usque ad consensum rationis, est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	846 peccatum mortale. Ita etiam et motus acediae in sola sensualitate
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	847 quandoque est, propter repugnantiam carnis ad spiritum, et tunc est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	848 peccatum veniale. Quandoque vero pertingit usque ad rationem, quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	849 consentit in fugam et horrorem et detestationem boni divini, carne
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	850 omnino contra spiritum praevalente. Et tunc manifestum est quod
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	851 acedia est peccatum mortale.</p><p title="II-II q. 35 a. 3 ad 1"><a name="40520"><span class="ref">[40520] IIª-IIae q. 35 a. 3 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	852 ergo dicendum quod acedia contrariatur praecepto de sanctificatione
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	853 sabbati, in quo, secundum quod est praeceptum morale, praecipitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	854 quies mentis in Deo, cui contrariatur tristitia mentis de bono
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	855 divino.</p><p title="II-II q. 35 a. 3 ad 2"><a name="40521"><span class="ref">[40521] IIª-IIae q. 35 a. 3 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	856 dicendum quod acedia non est recessus mentalis a quocumque
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	857 spirituali bono, sed a bono divino, cui oportet mentem inhaerere ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	858 necessitate. Unde si aliquis contristetur de hoc quod aliquis cogit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	859 eum implere opera virtutis quae facere non tenetur, non est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	860 peccatum acediae, sed quando contristatur in his quae ei imminent
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	861 facienda propter Deum.</p><p title="II-II q. 35 a. 3 ad 3"><a name="40522"><span class="ref">[40522] IIª-IIae q. 35 a. 3 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	862 dicendum quod in viris sanctis inveniuntur aliqui imperfecti motus
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	863 acediae, qui tamen non pertingunt usque ad consensum rationis.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 4</h3><p title="II-II q. 35 a. 4 arg. 1"><a name="40523"><span class="ref">[40523] IIª-IIae q. 35 a. 4 arg. 1</span></a> Ad quartum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	864 sic proceditur. Videtur quod acedia non debeat poni vitium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	865 capitale. Vitium enim capitale dicitur quod movet ad actus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	866 peccatorum, ut supra habitum est. Sed acedia non movet ad agendum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	867 sed magis retrahit ab agendo. Ergo non debet poni vitium
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	868 capitale.</p><p title="II-II q. 35 a. 4 arg. 2"><a name="40524"><span class="ref">[40524] IIª-IIae q. 35 a. 4 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	869 vitium capitale habet filias sibi deputatas. Assignat autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	870 Gregorius, XXXI Moral., sex filias acediae, quae sunt <i>malitia,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	871 rancor, pusillanimitas, desperatio, torpor circa praecepta, vagatio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	872 mentis circa illicita</i>, quae non videntur convenienter oriri ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	873 acedia. Nam rancor idem esse videtur quod odium, quod oritur ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	874 invidia, ut supra dictum est. Malitia autem est genus ad omnia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	875 vitia, et similiter vagatio mentis circa illicita, et in omnibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	876 vitiis inveniuntur. Torpor autem circa praecepta idem videtur esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	877 quod acedia. Pusillanimitas autem et desperatio ex quibuscumque
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	878 peccatis oriri possunt. Non ergo convenienter ponitur acedia esse
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	879 vitium capitale.</p><p title="II-II q. 35 a. 4 arg. 3"><a name="40525"><span class="ref">[40525] IIª-IIae q. 35 a. 4 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	880 Isidorus, in libro de summo bono, distinguit vitium acediae a vitio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	881 tristitiae, dicens tristitiam esse inquantum recedit a graviori et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	882 laborioso ad quod tenetur; acediam inquantum se convertit ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	883 quietem indebitam. Et dicit de tristitia oriri rancorem,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	884 pusillanimitatem, amaritudinem, desperationem, de acedia vero dicit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	885 oriri septem, quae sunt otiositas, somnolentia, importunitas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	886 mentis, inquietudo corporis, instabilitas, verbositas, curiositas.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	887 Ergo videtur quod vel a Gregorio vel ab Isidoro male assignetur
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	888 acedia vitium capitale cum suis filiabus.</p><p title="II-II q. 35 a. 4 s. c."><a name="40526"><span class="ref">[40526] IIª-IIae q. 35 a. 4 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	889 est quod Gregorius dicit, XXXI Moral., acediam esse vitium capitale
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	890 et habere praedictas filias.</p><p title="II-II q. 35 a. 4 co."><a name="40527"><span class="ref">[40527] IIª-IIae q. 35 a. 4 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	891 dicendum quod, sicut supra dictum est, vitium capitale dicitur ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	892 quo promptum est ut alia vitia oriantur secundum rationem causae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	893 finalis. Sicut autem homines multa operantur propter delectationem,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	894 tum ut ipsam consequantur, tum etiam ex eius impetu ad aliquid
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	895 agendum permoti; ita etiam propter tristitiam multa operantur, vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	896 ut ipsam evitent, vel ex eius pondere in aliqua agenda proruentes.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	897 Unde cum acedia sit tristitia quaedam, ut supra dictum est,
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	898 convenienter ponitur vitium capitale.</p><p title="II-II q. 35 a. 4 ad 1"><a name="40528"><span class="ref">[40528] IIª-IIae q. 35 a. 4 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	899 ergo dicendum quod acedia, aggravando animum, impedit hominem ab
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	900 illis operibus quae tristitiam causant. Sed tamen inducit animum ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	901 aliqua agenda vel quae sunt tristitiae consona, sicut ad plorandum;
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	902 vel etiam ad aliqua per quae tristitia evitatur.</p><p title="II-II q. 35 a. 4 ad 2"><a name="40529"><span class="ref">[40529] IIª-IIae q. 35 a. 4 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	903 dicendum quod Gregorius convenienter assignat filias acediae. Quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	904 enim, ut philosophus dicit, in VIII Ethic., <i>nullus diu absque
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	905 delectatione potest manere cum tristitia</i>, necesse est quod ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	906 tristitia aliquid dupliciter oriatur, uno modo, ut homo recedat a
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	907 contristantibus; alio modo, ut ad alia transeat in quibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	908 delectatur, sicut illi qui non possunt gaudere in spiritualibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	909 delectationibus transferunt se ad corporales, secundum philosophum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	910 in X Ethic. In fuga autem tristitiae talis processus attenditur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	911 quod primo homo fugit contristantia; secundo, etiam impugnat ea
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	912 quae tristitiam ingerunt. Spiritualia autem bona, de quibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	913 tristatur acedia, sunt et finis et id quod est ad finem. Fuga autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	914 finis fit per desperationem. Fuga autem bonorum quae sunt ad finem,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	915 quantum ad ardua, quae subsunt consiliis, fit per pusillanimitatem;
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	916 quantum autem ad ea quae pertinent ad communem iustitiam, fit per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	917 torporem circa praecepta. Impugnatio autem contristantium bonorum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	918 spiritualium quandoque quidem est contra homines qui ad bona
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	919 spiritualia inducunt, et hoc est rancor; quandoque vero se extendit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	920 ad ipsa spiritualia bona, in quorum detestationem aliquis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	921 adducitur, et hoc proprie est malitia. Inquantum autem propter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	922 tristitiam a spiritualibus aliquis transfert se ad delectabilia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	923 exteriora, ponitur filia acediae evagatio circa illicita. Per quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	924 patet responsio ad ea quae circa singulas filias obiiciebantur. Nam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	925 malitia non accipitur hic secundum quod est genus vitiorum, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	926 sicut dictum est. Rancor etiam non accipitur hic communiter pro
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	927 odio, sed pro quadam indignatione, sicut dictum est. Et idem
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	928 dicendum est de aliis.</p><p title="II-II q. 35 a. 4 ad 3"><a name="40530"><span class="ref">[40530] IIª-IIae q. 35 a. 4 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	929 dicendum quod etiam Cassianus, in libro de institutis Coenob.,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	930 distinguit tristitiam ab acedia, sed convenientius Gregorius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	931 acediam tristitiam nominat. Quia sicut supra dictum est, tristitia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	932 non est vitium ab aliis distinctum secundum quod aliquis recedit a
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	933 gravi et laborioso opere, vel secundum quascumque alias causas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	934 aliquis tristetur, sed solum secundum quod contristatur de bono
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	935 divino. Quod pertinet ad rationem acediae, quae intantum convertit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	936 ad quietem indebitam inquantum aspernatur bonum divinum. Illa autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	937 quae Isidorus ponit oriri ex tristitia et acedia reducuntur ad ea
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	938 quae Gregorius ponit. Nam amaritudo, quam ponit Isidorus oriri ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	939 tristitia, est quidam effectus rancoris. Otiositas autem et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	940 somnolentia reducuntur ad torporem circa praecepta, circa quae est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	941 aliquis otiosus, omnino ea praetermittens et somnolentus, ea
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	942 negligenter implens. Omnia autem alia quinque quae ponit ex acedia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	943 oriri pertinent ad evagationem mentis circa illicita. Quae quidem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	944 secundum quod in ipsa arce mentis residet volentis importune ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	945 diversa se diffundere, vocatur importunitas mentis; secundum autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	946 quod pertinet ad cognitivam, dicitur curiositas; quantum autem ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	947 locutionem, dicitur verbositas; quantum autem ad corpus in eodem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	948 loco non manens, dicitur inquietudo corporis, quando scilicet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	949 aliquis per inordinatos motus membrorum vagationem indicat mentis;
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	950 quantum autem ad diversa loca, dicitur instabilitas. Vel potest
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	951 accipi instabilitas secundum mutabilitatem propositi.</p></div></div><div class="q" id="q36"><h2>Quaestio 36</h2><div class="p"><h3>Prooemium</h3><p title="II-II q. 36 pr."><a name="40531"><span class="ref">[40531] IIª-IIae q. 36 pr.</span></a> Deinde
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	952 considerandum est de invidia. Et circa hoc quaeruntur quatuor.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	953 Primo, quid sit invidia. Secundo, utrum sit peccatum. Tertio, utrum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	954 sit peccatum mortale. Quarto, utrum sit vitium capitale, et de
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	955 filiabus eius.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 1</h3><p title="II-II q. 36 a. 1 arg. 1"><a name="40532"><span class="ref">[40532] IIª-IIae q. 36 a. 1 arg. 1</span></a> Ad primum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	956 sic proceditur. Videtur quod invidia non sit tristitia. Obiectum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	957 enim tristitiae est malum. Sed obiectum invidiae est bonum, dicit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	958 enim Gregorius, in V Moral., de invido loquens, <i>tabescentem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	959 mentem sua poena sauciat, quam felicitas torquet aliena</i>. Ergo
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	960 invidia non est tristitia.</p><p title="II-II q. 36 a. 1 arg. 2"><a name="40533"><span class="ref">[40533] IIª-IIae q. 36 a. 1 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	961 similitudo non est causa tristitiae, sed magis delectationis. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	962 similitudo est causa invidiae, dicit enim philosophus, in II Rhet.,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	963 <i>invidebunt tales quibus sunt aliqui similes aut secundum genus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	964 aut secundum cognationem, aut secundum staturam, aut secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	965 habitum, aut secundum opinionem</i>. Ergo invidia non est
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	966 tristitia.</p><p title="II-II q. 36 a. 1 arg. 3"><a name="40534"><span class="ref">[40534] IIª-IIae q. 36 a. 1 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	967 tristitia ex aliquo defectu causatur, unde illi qui sunt in magno
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	968 defectu sunt ad tristitiam proni, ut supra dictum est, cum de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	969 passionibus ageretur. Sed illi quibus modicum deficit, et qui sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	970 amatores honoris, et qui reputantur sapientes, sunt invidi; ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	971 patet per philosophum, in II Rhet. Ergo invidia non est
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	972 tristitia.</p><p title="II-II q. 36 a. 1 arg. 4"><a name="40535"><span class="ref">[40535] IIª-IIae q. 36 a. 1 arg. 4</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	973 tristitia delectationi opponitur. Oppositorum autem non est eadem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	974 causa. Ergo, cum memoria bonorum habitorum sit causa delectationis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	975 ut supra dictum est, non erit causa tristitiae. Est autem causa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	976 invidiae, dicit enim philosophus, in II Rhet., quod his aliqui
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	977 invident qui habent aut possederunt quae ipsis conveniebant aut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	978 quae ipsi quandoque possidebant. Ergo invidia non est
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	979 tristitia.</p><p title="II-II q. 36 a. 1 s. c."><a name="40536"><span class="ref">[40536] IIª-IIae q. 36 a. 1 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	980 est quod Damascenus, in II libro, ponit invidiam speciem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	981 tristitiae, et dicit quod invidia est tristitia in alienis
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	982 bonis.</p><p title="II-II q. 36 a. 1 co."><a name="40537"><span class="ref">[40537] IIª-IIae q. 36 a. 1 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	983 dicendum quod obiectum tristitiae est malum proprium. Contingit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	984 autem id quod est alienum bonum apprehendi ut malum proprium. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	985 secundum hoc de bono alieno potest esse tristitia. Sed hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	986 contingit dupliciter. Uno modo, quando quis tristatur de bono
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	987 alicuius inquantum imminet sibi ex hoc periculum alicuius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	988 nocumenti, sicut cum homo tristatur de exaltatione inimici sui,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	989 timens ne eum laedat. Et talis tristitia non est invidia, sed magis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	990 timoris effectus; ut philosophus dicit, in II Rhet. Alio modo bonum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	991 alterius aestimatur ut malum proprium inquantum est diminutivum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	992 propriae gloriae vel excellentiae. Et hoc modo de bono alterius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	993 tristatur invidia. Et ideo praecipue de illis bonis homines
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	994 invident in quibus est gloria, et in quibus homines amant honorari
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	995 et in opinione esse; ut philosophus dicit, in II Rhet.</p><p title="II-II q. 36 a. 1 ad 1"><a name="40538"><span class="ref">[40538] IIª-IIae q. 36 a. 1 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	996 ergo dicendum quod nihil prohibet id quod est bonum uni apprehendi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	997 ut malum alteri. Et secundum hoc tristitia aliqua potest esse de
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	998 bono, ut dictum est.</p><p title="II-II q. 36 a. 1 ad 2"><a name="40539"><span class="ref">[40539] IIª-IIae q. 36 a. 1 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	999 dicendum quod quia invidia est de gloria alterius inquantum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1000 diminuit gloriam quam quis appetit, consequens est ut ad illos
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1001 tantum invidia habeatur quibus homo vult se aequare vel praeferre
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1002 in gloria. Hoc autem non est respectu multum a se distantium,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1003 nullus enim, nisi insanus, studet se aequare vel praeferre in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1004 gloria his qui sunt multo eo maiores, puta plebeius homo regi; vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1005 etiam rex plebeio, quem multum excedit. Et ideo his qui multum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1006 distant vel loco vel tempore vel statu homo non invidet, sed his
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1007 qui sunt propinqui, quibus se nititur aequare vel praeferre. Nam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1008 cum illi excedunt in gloria, accidit hoc contra nostram utilitatem,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1009 et inde causatur tristitia. Similitudo autem delectationem causat
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1010 inquantum concordat voluntati.</p><p title="II-II q. 36 a. 1 ad 3"><a name="40540"><span class="ref">[40540] IIª-IIae q. 36 a. 1 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1011 dicendum quod nullus conatur ad ea in quibus est multum deficiens.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1012 Et ideo cum aliquis in hoc eum excedat, non invidet. Sed si modicum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1013 deficiat, videtur quod ad hoc pertingere possit, et sic ad hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1014 conatur. Unde si frustraretur eius conatus propter excessum gloriae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1015 alterius, tristatur. Et inde est quod amatores honoris sunt magis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1016 invidi. Et similiter etiam pusillanimes sunt invidi, quia omnia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1017 reputant magna, et quidquid boni alicui accidat, reputant se in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1018 magno superatos esse. Unde et Iob V dicitur, <i>parvulum occidit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1019 invidia</i>. Et dicit Gregorius, in V Moral., quod <i>invidere non
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1020 possumus nisi eis quos nobis in aliquo meliores putamus</i>.</p><p title="II-II q. 36 a. 1 ad 4"><a name="40541"><span class="ref">[40541] IIª-IIae q. 36 a. 1 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1021 dicendum quod memoria praeteritorum bonorum, inquantum fuerunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1022 habita, delectationem causat, sed inquantum sunt amissa, causant
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1023 tristitiam. Et inquantum ab aliis habentur, causant invidiam, quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1024 hoc maxime videtur gloriae propriae derogare. Et ideo dicit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1025 philosophus, in II Rhet., quod <i>senes invident iunioribus; et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1026 illi qui multa expenderunt ad aliquid consequendum invident his qui
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1027 parvis expensis illud sunt consecuti</i>; dolent enim de amissione
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1028 suorum bonorum, et de hoc quod alii consecuti sunt bona.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 2</h3><p title="II-II q. 36 a. 2 arg. 1"><a name="40542"><span class="ref">[40542] IIª-IIae q. 36 a. 2 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1029 secundum sic proceditur. Videtur quod invidia non sit peccatum.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1030 Dicit enim Hieronymus, ad Laetam, de Instruct. filiae, <i>habeat
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1031 socias cum quibus discat, quibus invideat, quarum laudibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1032 mordeatur</i>. Sed nullus est sollicitandus ad peccandum. Ergo
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1033 invidia non est peccatum.</p><p title="II-II q. 36 a. 2 arg. 2"><a name="40543"><span class="ref">[40543] IIª-IIae q. 36 a. 2 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1034 invidia est tristitia de alienis bonis, ut Damascenus dicit. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1035 hoc quandoque laudabiliter fit, dicitur enim Prov. XXIX, <i>cum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1036 impii sumpserint principatum, gemet populus</i>. Ergo invidia non
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1037 semper est peccatum.</p><p title="II-II q. 36 a. 2 arg. 3"><a name="40544"><span class="ref">[40544] IIª-IIae q. 36 a. 2 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1038 invidia zelum quendam nominat. Sed zelus quidam est bonus, <i>zelus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1039 domus tuae comedit me</i>. Secundum illud Psalm., ergo invidia non
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1040 semper est peccatum.</p><p title="II-II q. 36 a. 2 arg. 4"><a name="40545"><span class="ref">[40545] IIª-IIae q. 36 a. 2 arg. 4</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1041 poena dividitur contra culpam. Sed invidia est quaedam poena, dicit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1042 enim Gregorius, V Moral., <i>cum devictum cor livoris putredo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1043 corruperit, ipsa quoque exteriora indicant quam graviter animum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1044 vesania instigat, color quippe pallore afficitur, oculi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1045 deprimuntur, mens accenditur, membra frigescunt, fit in cogitatione
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1046 rabies, in dentibus stridor</i>. Ergo invidia non est peccatum.</p><p title="II-II q. 36 a. 2 s. c."><a name="40546"><span class="ref">[40546] IIª-IIae q. 36 a. 2 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1047 est quod dicitur ad Gal. V, <i>non efficiamur inanis gloriae
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1048 cupidi, invicem provocantes, invicem invidentes</i>.</p><p title="II-II q. 36 a. 2 co."><a name="40547"><span class="ref">[40547] IIª-IIae q. 36 a. 2 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1049 dicendum quod, sicut dictum est, invidia est tristitia de alienis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1050 bonis. Sed haec tristitia potest contingere quatuor modis. Uno
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1051 quidem modo, quando aliquis dolet de bono alicuius inquantum ex eo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1052 timetur nocumentum vel sibi ipsi vel etiam aliis bonis. Et talis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1053 tristitia non est invidia, ut dictum est; et potest esse sine
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1054 peccato. Unde Gregorius, XXII Moral., ait, <i>evenire plerumque
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1055 solet ut, non amissa caritate, et inimici nos ruina laetificet, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1056 rursum eius gloria sine invidiae culpa contristet, cum et ruente eo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1057 quosdam bene erigi credimus, et proficiente illo plerosque iniuste
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1058 opprimi formidamus</i>. Alio modo potest aliquis tristari de bono
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1059 alterius, non ex eo quod ipse habet bonum, sed ex eo quod nobis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1060 deest bonum illud quod ipse habet. Et hoc proprie est zelus; ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1061 philosophus dicit, in II Rhet. Et si iste zelus sit circa bona
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1062 honesta, laudabilis est, secundum illud I ad Cor. XIV,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1063 <i>aemulamini spiritualia</i>. Si autem sit de bonis temporalibus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1064 potest esse cum peccato, et sine peccato. Tertio modo aliquis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1065 tristatur de bono alterius inquantum ille cui accidit bonum est eo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1066 indignus. Quae quidem tristitia non potest oriri ex bonis honestis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1067 ex quibus aliquis iustus efficitur; sed sicut philosophus dicit, in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1068 II Rhet., est de divitiis et de talibus, quae possunt provenire
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1069 dignis et indignis. Et haec tristitia, secundum ipsum, vocatur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1070 Nemesis, et pertinet ad bonos mores. Sed hoc ideo dicit quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1071 considerabat ipsa bona temporalia secundum se, prout possunt magna
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1072 videri non respicientibus ad aeterna. Sed secundum doctrinam fidei,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1073 temporalia bona quae indignis proveniunt ex iusta Dei ordinatione
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1074 disponuntur vel ad eorum correctionem vel ad eorum damnationem, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1075 huiusmodi bona quasi nihil sunt in comparatione ad bona futura,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1076 quae servantur bonis. Et ideo huiusmodi tristitia prohibetur in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1077 Scriptura sacra, secundum illud Psalm., <i>noli aemulari in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1078 malignantibus, neque zelaveris facientes iniquitatem</i>. Et alibi,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1079 <i>pene effusi sunt gressus mei, quia zelavi super iniquos, pacem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1080 peccatorum videns</i>. Quarto aliquis tristatur de bonis alicuius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1081 inquantum alter excedit ipsum in bonis. Et hoc proprie est invidia.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1082 Et istud semper est pravum, ut etiam philosophus dicit, in II
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1083 Rhet., quia dolet de eo de quo est gaudendum, scilicet de bono
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1084 proximi.</p><p title="II-II q. 36 a. 2 ad 1"><a name="40548"><span class="ref">[40548] IIª-IIae q. 36 a. 2 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1085 ergo dicendum quod ibi sumitur invidia pro zelo quo quis debet
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1086 incitari ad proficiendum cum melioribus.</p><p title="II-II q. 36 a. 2 ad 2"><a name="40549"><span class="ref">[40549] IIª-IIae q. 36 a. 2 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1087 dicendum quod ratio illa procedit de tristitia alienorum bonorum
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1088 secundum primum modum.</p><p title="II-II q. 36 a. 2 ad 3"><a name="40550"><span class="ref">[40550] IIª-IIae q. 36 a. 2 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1089 dicendum quod invidia differt a zelo, sicut dictum est. Unde zelus
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1090 aliquis potest esse bonus, sed invidia semper est mala.</p><p title="II-II q. 36 a. 2 ad 4"><a name="40551"><span class="ref">[40551] IIª-IIae q. 36 a. 2 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1091 dicendum quod nihil prohibet aliquod peccatum, ratione alicuius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1092 adiuncti, poenale esse; ut supra dictum est, cum de peccatis
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1093 ageretur.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 3</h3><p title="II-II q. 36 a. 3 arg. 1"><a name="40552"><span class="ref">[40552] IIª-IIae q. 36 a. 3 arg. 1</span></a> Ad tertium
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1094 sic proceditur. Videtur quod invidia non sit peccatum mortale.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1095 Invidia enim, cum sit tristitia, est passio appetitus sensitivi.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1096 Sed in sensualitate non est peccatum mortale, sed solum in ratione;
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1097 ut patet per Augustinum, XII de Trin. Ergo invidia non est peccatum
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1098 mortale.</p><p title="II-II q. 36 a. 3 arg. 2"><a name="40553"><span class="ref">[40553] IIª-IIae q. 36 a. 3 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1099 in infantibus non potest esse peccatum mortale. Sed in eis potest
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1100 esse invidia, dicit enim Augustinus, in I Confess., <i>vidi ego et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1101 expertus sum zelantem puerum, nondum loquebatur, et intuebatur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1102 pallidus amaro aspectu collactaneum suum</i>. Ergo invidia non est
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1103 peccatum mortale.</p><p title="II-II q. 36 a. 3 arg. 3"><a name="40554"><span class="ref">[40554] IIª-IIae q. 36 a. 3 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1104 omne peccatum mortale alicui virtuti contrariatur. Sed invidia non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1105 contrariatur alicui virtuti, sed Nemesi, quae est quaedam passio;
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1106 ut patet per philosophum, in II Rhet. Ergo invidia non est peccatum
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1107 mortale.</p><p title="II-II q. 36 a. 3 s. c."><a name="40555"><span class="ref">[40555] IIª-IIae q. 36 a. 3 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1108 est quod dicitur Iob V, <i>parvulum occidit invidia</i>. Nihil
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1109 autem occidit spiritualiter nisi peccatum mortale. Ergo invidia est
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1110 peccatum mortale.</p><p title="II-II q. 36 a. 3 co."><a name="40556"><span class="ref">[40556] IIª-IIae q. 36 a. 3 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1111 dicendum quod invidia ex genere suo est peccatum mortale. Genus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1112 enim peccati ex obiecto consideratur. Invidia autem, secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1113 rationem sui obiecti, contrariatur caritati, per quam est vita
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1114 animae spiritualis, secundum illud I Ioan. III, <i>nos scimus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1115 quoniam translati sumus de morte ad vitam, quoniam diligimus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1116 fratres</i>. Utriusque enim obiectum, et caritatis et invidiae, est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1117 bonum proximi, sed secundum contrarium motum, nam caritas gaudet de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1118 bono proximi, invidia autem de eodem tristatur, ut ex dictis patet.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1119 Unde manifestum est quod invidia ex suo genere est peccatum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1120 mortale. Sed sicut supra dictum est, in quolibet genere peccati
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1121 mortalis inveniuntur aliqui imperfecti motus in sensualitate
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1122 existentes qui sunt peccata venialia, sicut in genere adulterii
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1123 primus motus concupiscentiae, et in genere homicidii primus motus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1124 irae. Ita etiam et in genere invidiae inveniuntur aliqui primi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1125 motus quandoque etiam in viris perfectis, qui sunt peccata
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1126 venialia.</p><p title="II-II q. 36 a. 3 ad 1"><a name="40557"><span class="ref">[40557] IIª-IIae q. 36 a. 3 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1127 ergo dicendum quod motus invidiae secundum quod est passio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1128 sensualitatis, est quoddam imperfectum in genere actuum humanorum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1129 quorum principium est ratio. Unde talis invidia non est peccatum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1130 mortale. Et similis est ratio de invidia parvulorum, in quibus non
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1131 est usus rationis.</p><p title="II-II q. 36 a. 3 ad 2"><a name="40558"><span class="ref">[40558] IIª-IIae q. 36 a. 3 ad 2</span></a> Unde patet
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1132 responsio ad secundum.</p><p title="II-II q. 36 a. 3 ad 3"><a name="40559"><span class="ref">[40559] IIª-IIae q. 36 a. 3 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1133 dicendum quod invidia, secundum philosophum, in II Rhet. opponitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1134 et Nemesi et misericordiae, sed secundum diversa. Nam misericordiae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1135 opponitur directe, secundum contrarietatem principalis obiecti,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1136 invidus enim tristatur de bono proximi; misericors autem tristatur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1137 de malo proximi. Unde invidi non sunt misericordes, sicut ibidem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1138 dicitur, nec e converso. Ex parte vero eius de cuius bono tristatur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1139 invidus, opponitur invidia Nemesi, Nemeseticus enim tristatur de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1140 bono indigne agentium, secundum illud Psalm., <i>zelavi super
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1141 iniquos, pacem peccatorum videns</i>; invidus autem tristatur de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1142 bono eorum qui sunt digni. Unde patet quod prima contrarietas est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1143 magis directa quam secunda. Misericordia autem quaedam virtus est,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1144 et caritatis proprius effectus. Unde invidia misericordiae
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1145 opponitur et caritati.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 4</h3><p title="II-II q. 36 a. 4 arg. 1"><a name="40560"><span class="ref">[40560] IIª-IIae q. 36 a. 4 arg. 1</span></a> Ad quartum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1146 sic proceditur. Videtur quod invidia non sit vitium capitale. Vitia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1147 enim capitalia distinguuntur contra filias capitalium vitiorum. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1148 invidia est filia inanis gloriae, dicit enim philosophus, in II
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1149 Rhet., quod <i>amatores honoris et gloriae magis invident</i>. Ergo
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1150 invidia non est vitium capitale.</p><p title="II-II q. 36 a. 4 arg. 2"><a name="40561"><span class="ref">[40561] IIª-IIae q. 36 a. 4 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1151 vitia capitalia videntur esse leviora quam alia quae ex eis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1152 oriuntur, dicit enim Gregorius, XXXI Moral., <i>prima vitia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1153 deceptae menti quasi sub quadam ratione se ingerunt, sed quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1154 sequuntur, dum mentem ad omnem insaniam protrahunt, quasi bestiali
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1155 clamore mentem confundunt</i>. Sed invidia videtur esse gravissimum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1156 peccatum, dicit enim Gregorius, V Moral., <i>quamvis per omne
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1157 vitium quod perpetratur humano cordi antiqui hostis virus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1158 infunditur, in hac tamen nequitia tota sua viscera serpens
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1159 concutit, et imprimendae malitiae pestem vomit</i>. Ergo invidia
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1160 non est vitium capitale.</p><p title="II-II q. 36 a. 4 arg. 3"><a name="40562"><span class="ref">[40562] IIª-IIae q. 36 a. 4 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1161 videtur quod inconvenienter eius filiae assignentur a Gregorio,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1162 XXXI Moral., ubi dicit quod <i>de invidia oritur odium, susurratio,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1163 detractio, exultatio in adversis proximi et afflictio in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1164 prosperis</i>. Exultatio enim in adversis proximi, et afflictio in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1165 prosperis, idem videtur esse quod invidia, ut ex praemissis patet.
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1166 Non ergo ista debent poni ut filiae invidiae.</p><p title="II-II q. 36 a. 4 s. c."><a name="40563"><span class="ref">[40563] IIª-IIae q. 36 a. 4 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1167 est auctoritas Gregorii, XXXI Moral., qui ponit invidiam vitium
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1168 capitale, et ei praedictas filias assignat.</p><p title="II-II q. 36 a. 4 co."><a name="40564"><span class="ref">[40564] IIª-IIae q. 36 a. 4 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1169 dicendum quod sicut acedia est tristitia de bono spirituali divino,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1170 ita invidia est tristitia de bono proximi. Dictum est autem supra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1171 acediam esse vitium capitale, ea ratione quia ex acedia homo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1172 impellitur ad aliqua facienda vel ut fugiat tristitiam vel ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1173 tristitiae satisfaciat. Unde eadem ratione invidia ponitur vitium
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1174 capitale.</p><p title="II-II q. 36 a. 4 ad 1"><a name="40565"><span class="ref">[40565] IIª-IIae q. 36 a. 4 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1175 ergo dicendum quod, sicut Gregorius dicit, in XXXI Moral.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1176 <i>capitalia vitia tanta sibi coniunctione coniunguntur ut non nisi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1177 unum de altero proferatur. Prima namque superbiae soboles inanis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1178 est gloria, quae dum oppressam mentem corruperit, mox invidiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1179 gignit, quia dum vani nominis potentiam appetit, ne quis hanc alius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1180 adipisci valeat, tabescit</i>. Non est ergo contra rationem vitii
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1181 capitalis quod ipsum ex alio oriatur, sed quod non habeat aliquam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1182 principalem rationem producendi ex se multa genera peccatorum.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1183 Forte tamen propter hoc quod invidia manifeste ex inani gloria
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1184 nascitur, non ponitur vitium capitale neque ab Isidoro, in libro de
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1185 summo bono, neque a Cassiano, in libro de Instit. Coenob.</p><p title="II-II q. 36 a. 4 ad 2"><a name="40566"><span class="ref">[40566] IIª-IIae q. 36 a. 4 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1186 dicendum quod ex verbis illis non habetur quod invidia sit maximum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1187 peccatorum, sed quod quando Diabolus invidiam suggerit, ad hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1188 hominem inducit quod ipse principaliter in corde habet; quia sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1189 ibi inducitur consequenter, <i>invidia Diaboli mors introivit in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1190 orbem terrarum</i>. Est tamen quaedam invidia quae inter gravissima
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1191 peccata computatur, scilicet invidentia fraternae gratiae, secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1192 quod aliquis dolet de ipso augmento gratiae Dei, non solum de bono
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1193 proximi. Unde ponitur peccatum in spiritum sanctum, quia per hanc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1194 invidentiam homo quodammodo invidet spiritui sancto, qui in suis
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1195 operibus glorificatur.</p><p title="II-II q. 36 a. 4 ad 3"><a name="40567"><span class="ref">[40567] IIª-IIae q. 36 a. 4 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1196 dicendum quod numerus filiarum invidiae sic potest sumi. Quia in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1197 conatu invidiae est aliquid tanquam principium, et aliquid tanquam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1198 medium, et aliquid tanquam terminus. Principium quidem est ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1199 aliquis diminuat gloriam alterius vel in occulto, et sic est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1200 susurratio; vel manifeste, et sic est detractio. Medium autem est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1201 quia aliquis intendens diminuere gloriam alterius aut potest, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1202 sic est exultatio in adversis; aut non potest, et sic est afflictio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1203 in prosperis. Terminus autem est in ipso odio, quia sicut bonum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1204 delectans causat amorem, ita tristitia causat odium, ut supra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1205 dictum est. Afflictio autem in prosperis proximi uno modo est ipsa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1206 invidia, inquantum scilicet aliquis tristatur de prosperis alicuius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1207 secundum quod habent quandam gloriam. Alio vero modo est filia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1208 invidiae, secundum quod prospera proximi eveniunt contra conatum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1209 invidentis, qui nititur impedire. Exultatio autem in adversis non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1210 est directe idem quod invidia, sed ex ea sequitur, nam ex tristitia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1211 de bono proximi, quae est invidia, sequitur exultatio de malo
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1212 eiusdem.</p></div></div><div class="q" id="q37"><h2>Quaestio 37</h2><div class="p"><h3>Prooemium</h3><p title="II-II q. 37 pr."><a name="40568"><span class="ref">[40568] IIª-IIae q. 37 pr.</span></a> Deinde
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1213 considerandum est de peccatis quae opponuntur paci. Et primo, de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1214 discordia, quae est in corde; secundo, de contentione, quae est in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1215 ore; tertio, de his quae pertinent ad opus, scilicet, de schismate,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1216 rixa et bello. Circa primum quaeruntur duo, primo, utrum discordia
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1217 sit peccatum. Secundo, utrum sit filia inanis gloriae.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 1</h3><p title="II-II q. 37 a. 1 arg. 1"><a name="40569"><span class="ref">[40569] IIª-IIae q. 37 a. 1 arg. 1</span></a> Ad primum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1218 sic proceditur. Videtur quod discordia non sit peccatum. Discordare
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1219 enim ab aliquo est recedere ab alterius voluntate. Sed hoc non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1220 videtur esse peccatum, quia voluntas proximi non est regula
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1221 voluntatis nostrae, sed sola voluntas divina. Ergo discordia non
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1222 est peccatum.</p><p title="II-II q. 37 a. 1 arg. 2"><a name="40570"><span class="ref">[40570] IIª-IIae q. 37 a. 1 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1223 quicumque inducit aliquem ad peccandum, et ipse peccat. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1224 inducere inter aliquos discordiam non videtur esse peccatum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1225 dicitur enim Act. XXIII, quod <i>sciens Paulus quia una pars esset
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1226 Sadducaeorum et altera Pharisaeorum, exclamavit in Concilio, viri
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1227 fratres, ego Pharisaeus sum, filius Pharisaeorum, de spe et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1228 resurrectione mortuorum ego iudicor. Et cum haec dixisset, facta
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1229 est dissensio inter Pharisaeos et Sadducaeos</i>. Ergo discordia
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1230 non est peccatum.</p><p title="II-II q. 37 a. 1 arg. 3"><a name="40571"><span class="ref">[40571] IIª-IIae q. 37 a. 1 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1231 peccatum, praecipue mortale, in sanctis viris non invenitur. Sed in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1232 sanctis viris invenitur discordia, dicitur enim Act. XV, <i>facta
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1233 est dissensio inter Paulum et Barnabam, ita ut discederent ab
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1234 invicem</i>. Ergo discordia non est peccatum, et maxime
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1235 mortale.</p><p title="II-II q. 37 a. 1 s. c."><a name="40572"><span class="ref">[40572] IIª-IIae q. 37 a. 1 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1236 est quod ad Gal. V dissensiones, idest discordiae, ponuntur inter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1237 opera carnis, de quibus subditur, <i>qui talia agunt, regnum Dei
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1238 non consequuntur</i>. Nihil autem excludit a regno Dei nisi
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1239 peccatum mortale. Ergo discordia est peccatum mortale.</p><p title="II-II q. 37 a. 1 co."><a name="40573"><span class="ref">[40573] IIª-IIae q. 37 a. 1 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1240 dicendum quod discordia concordiae opponitur. Concordia autem, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1241 supra dictum est, ex caritate causatur, inquantum scilicet caritas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1242 multorum corda coniungit in aliquid unum, quod est principaliter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1243 quidem bonum divinum, secundario autem bonum proximi. Discordia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1244 igitur ea ratione est peccatum, inquantum huiusmodi concordiae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1245 contrariatur. Sed sciendum quod haec concordia per discordiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1246 tollitur dupliciter, uno quidem modo, per se; alio vero modo, per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1247 accidens. Per se quidem in humanis actibus et motibus dicitur esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1248 id quod est secundum intentionem. Unde per se discordat aliquis a
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1249 proximo quando scienter et ex intentione dissentit a bono divino et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1250 a proximi bono, in quo debet consentire. Et hoc est peccatum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1251 mortale ex suo genere, propter contrarietatem ad caritatem, licet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1252 primi motus huius discordiae, propter imperfectionem actus, sint
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1253 peccata venialia. Per accidens autem in humanis actibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1254 consideratur ex hoc quod aliquid est praeter intentionem. Unde cum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1255 intentio aliquorum est ad aliquod bonum quod pertinet ad honorem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1256 Dei vel utilitatem proximi, sed unus aestimat hoc esse bonum, alius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1257 autem habet contrariam opinionem, discordia tunc est per accidens
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1258 contra bonum divinum vel proximi. Et talis discordia non est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1259 peccatum, nec repugnat caritati, nisi huiusmodi discordia sit vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1260 cum errore circa ea quae sunt de necessitate salutis, vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1261 pertinacia indebite adhibeatur, cum etiam supra dictum est quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1262 concordia quae est caritatis effectus est unio voluntatum, non unio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1263 opinionum. Ex quo patet quod discordia quandoque est ex peccato
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1264 unius tantum, puta cum unus vult bonum, cui alius scienter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1265 resistit, quandoque autem est cum peccato utriusque, puta cum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1266 uterque dissentit a bono alterius, et uterque diligit bonum
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1267 proprium.</p><p title="II-II q. 37 a. 1 ad 1"><a name="40574"><span class="ref">[40574] IIª-IIae q. 37 a. 1 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1268 ergo dicendum quod voluntas unius hominis secundum se considerata
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1269 non est regula voluntatis alterius. Sed inquantum voluntas proximi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1270 inhaeret voluntati Dei, fit per consequens regula regulata secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1271 primam regulam. Et ideo discordare a tali voluntate est peccatum,
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1272 quia per hoc discordatur a regula divina.</p><p title="II-II q. 37 a. 1 ad 2"><a name="40575"><span class="ref">[40575] IIª-IIae q. 37 a. 1 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1273 dicendum quod sicut voluntas hominis adhaerens Deo est quaedam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1274 regula recta, a qua peccatum est discordare; ita etiam voluntas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1275 hominis Deo contraria est quaedam perversa regula, a qua bonum est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1276 discordare. Facere ergo discordiam per quam tollitur bona concordia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1277 quam caritas facit, est grave peccatum, unde dicitur Prov. VI,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1278 <i>sex sunt quae odit dominus, et septimum detestatur anima
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1279 eius</i>, et hoc septimum ponit eum qui seminat inter fratres
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1280 discordias. Sed causare discordiam per quam tollitur mala
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1281 concordia, scilicet in mala voluntate, est laudabile. Et hoc modo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1282 laudabile fuit quod Paulus dissensionem posuit inter eos qui erant
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1283 concordes in malo, nam et dominus de se dicit, Matth. X, <i>non
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1284 veni pacem mittere, sed gladium</i>.</p><p title="II-II q. 37 a. 1 ad 3"><a name="40576"><span class="ref">[40576] IIª-IIae q. 37 a. 1 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1285 dicendum quod discordia quae fuit inter Paulum et Barnabam fuit per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1286 accidens et non per se, uterque enim intendebat bonum, sed uni
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1287 videbatur hoc esse bonum, alii aliud. Quod ad defectum humanum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1288 pertinebat, non enim erat talis controversia in his quae sunt de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1289 necessitate salutis. Quamvis hoc ipsum fuerit ex divina providentia
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1290 ordinatum, propter utilitatem inde consequentem.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 2</h3><p title="II-II q. 37 a. 2 arg. 1"><a name="40577"><span class="ref">[40577] IIª-IIae q. 37 a. 2 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1291 secundum sic proceditur. Videtur quod discordia non sit filia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1292 inanis gloriae. Ira enim est aliud vitium ab inani gloria. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1293 discordia videtur esse filia irae, secundum illud Prov. XV, <i>vir
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1294 iracundus provocat rixas</i>. Ergo non est filia inanis
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1295 gloriae.</p><p title="II-II q. 37 a. 2 arg. 2"><a name="40578"><span class="ref">[40578] IIª-IIae q. 37 a. 2 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1296 Augustinus dicit, super Ioan., exponens illud quod habetur Ioan.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1297 VII, <i>nondum erat spiritus datus, livor separat, caritas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1298 iungit</i>. Sed discordia nihil est aliud quam quaedam separatio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1299 voluntatum. Ergo discordia procedit ex livore, idest invidia, magis
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1300 quam ex inani gloria.</p><p title="II-II q. 37 a. 2 arg. 3"><a name="40579"><span class="ref">[40579] IIª-IIae q. 37 a. 2 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1301 illud ex quo multa mala oriuntur videtur esse vitium capitale. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1302 discordia est huiusmodi, quia super illud Matth. XII, <i>omne
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1303 regnum contra se divisum desolabitur</i>, dicit Hieronymus, <i>quo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1304 modo concordia parvae res crescunt, sic discordia maximae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1305 dilabuntur</i>. Ergo ipsa discordia debet poni vitium capitale,
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1306 magis quam filia inanis gloriae.</p><p title="II-II q. 37 a. 2 s. c."><a name="40580"><span class="ref">[40580] IIª-IIae q. 37 a. 2 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1307 est auctoritas Gregorii, XXXI Moral.</p><p title="II-II q. 37 a. 2 co."><a name="40581"><span class="ref">[40581] IIª-IIae q. 37 a. 2 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1308 dicendum quod discordia importat quandam disgregationem voluntatum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1309 inquantum scilicet voluntas unius stat in uno, et voluntas alterius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1310 stat in altero. Quod autem voluntas alicuius in proprio sistat,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1311 provenit ex hoc quod aliquis ea quae sunt sua praefert his quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1312 sunt aliorum. Quod cum inordinate fit, pertinet ad superbiam et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1313 inanem gloriam. Et ideo discordia, per quam unusquisque sequitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1314 quod suum est et recedit ab eo quod est alterius, ponitur filia
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1315 inanis gloriae.</p><p title="II-II q. 37 a. 2 ad 1"><a name="40582"><span class="ref">[40582] IIª-IIae q. 37 a. 2 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1316 ergo dicendum quod rixa non est idem quod discordia. Nam rixa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1317 consistit in exteriori opere, unde convenienter causatur ab ira,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1318 quae movet animum ad nocendum proximo. Sed discordia consistit in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1319 disiunctione motuum voluntatis, quam facit superbia vel inanis
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1320 gloria, ratione iam dicta.</p><p title="II-II q. 37 a. 2 ad 2"><a name="40583"><span class="ref">[40583] IIª-IIae q. 37 a. 2 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1321 dicendum quod in discordia consideratur quidem ut terminus a quo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1322 recessus a voluntate alterius, et quantum ad hoc causatur ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1323 invidia. Ut terminus autem ad quem, accessus ad id quod est sibi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1324 proprium, et quantum ad hoc causatur ex inani gloria. Et quia in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1325 quolibet motu terminus ad quem est potior termino a quo (finis enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1326 est potior principio), potius ponitur discordia filia inanis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1327 gloriae quam invidiae, licet ex utraque oriri possit secundum
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1328 diversas rationes, ut dictum est.</p><p title="II-II q. 37 a. 2 ad 3"><a name="40584"><span class="ref">[40584] IIª-IIae q. 37 a. 2 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1329 dicendum quod ideo concordia magnae res crescunt et per discordiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1330 dilabuntur, quia virtus quanto est magis unita, tanto est fortior,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1331 et per separationem diminuitur; ut dicitur in libro de causis. Unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1332 patet quod hoc pertinet ad proprium effectum discordiae, quae est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1333 divisio voluntatum, non autem pertinet ad originem diversorum
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1334 vitiorum a discordia, per quod habeat rationem vitii capitalis.</p></div></div><div class="q" id="q38"><h2>Quaestio 38</h2><div class="p"><h3>Prooemium</h3><p title="II-II q. 38 pr."><a name="40585"><span class="ref">[40585] IIª-IIae q. 38 pr.</span></a> Deinde
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1335 considerandum est de contentione. Et circa hoc quaeruntur duo.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1336 Primo, utrum contentio sit peccatum mortale. Secundo, utrum sit
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1337 filia inanis gloriae.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 1</h3><p title="II-II q. 38 a. 1 arg. 1"><a name="40586"><span class="ref">[40586] IIª-IIae q. 38 a. 1 arg. 1</span></a> Ad primum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1338 sic proceditur. Videtur quod contentio non sit peccatum mortale.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1339 Peccatum enim mortale in viris spiritualibus non invenitur. In
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1340 quibus tamen invenitur contentio, secundum illud Luc. XXII,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1341 <i>facta est contentio inter discipulos Iesu, quis eorum esset
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1342 maior</i>. Ergo contentio non est peccatum mortale.</p><p title="II-II q. 38 a. 1 arg. 2"><a name="40587"><span class="ref">[40587] IIª-IIae q. 38 a. 1 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1343 nulli bene disposito debet placere peccatum mortale in proximo. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1344 dicit apostolus, ad Philipp. I, <i>quidam ex contentione Christum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1345 annuntiant</i>; et postea subdit, <i>et in hoc gaudeo, sed et
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1346 gaudebo</i>. Ergo contentio non est peccatum mortale.</p><p title="II-II q. 38 a. 1 arg. 3"><a name="40588"><span class="ref">[40588] IIª-IIae q. 38 a. 1 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1347 contingit quod aliqui vel in iudicio vel in disputatione contendunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1348 non aliquo animo malignandi, sed potius intendentes ad bonum, sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1349 illi qui contra haereticos disputando contendunt. Unde super illud,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1350 I Reg. XIV, <i>accidit quadam die</i> etc., dicit Glossa,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1351 <i>Catholici contra haereticos contentiones commovent, ubi prius ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1352 certamen convocantur</i>. Ergo contentio non est peccatum
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1353 mortale.</p><p title="II-II q. 38 a. 1 arg. 4"><a name="40589"><span class="ref">[40589] IIª-IIae q. 38 a. 1 arg. 4</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1354 Iob videtur cum Deo contendisse, secundum illud Iob XXXIX,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1355 <i>numquid qui contendit cum Deo tam facile conquiescit?</i> Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1356 tamen Iob non peccavit mortaliter, quia dominus de eo dicit, <i>non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1357 estis locuti recte coram me, sicut servus meus Iob</i>, ut habetur
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1358 Iob ult. Ergo contentio non semper est peccatum mortale.</p><p title="II-II q. 38 a. 1 s. c."><a name="40590"><span class="ref">[40590] IIª-IIae q. 38 a. 1 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1359 est quod contrariatur praecepto apostoli, qui dicit II ad Tim. II,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1360 <i>noli verbis contendere</i>. Et Gal. V contentio numeratur inter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1361 opera carnis, <i>quae qui agunt, regnum Dei non possident</i>, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1362 ibidem dicitur. Sed omne quod excludit a regno Dei, et quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1363 contrariatur praecepto, est peccatum mortale. Ergo contentio est
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1364 peccatum mortale.</p><p title="II-II q. 38 a. 1 co."><a name="40591"><span class="ref">[40591] IIª-IIae q. 38 a. 1 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1365 dicendum quod contendere est contra aliquem tendere. Unde sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1366 discordia contrarietatem quandam importat in voluntate, ita
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1367 contentio contrarietatem quandam importat in locutione. Et propter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1368 hoc etiam cum oratio alicuius per contraria se diffundit, vocatur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1369 contentio, quae ponitur unus color rhetoricus a Tullio, qui dicit,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1370 <i>contentio est cum ex contrariis rebus oratio efficitur, hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1371 pacto, habet assentatio iucunda principia, eadem exitus amarissimos
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1372 affert</i>. Contrarietas autem locutionis potest attendi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1373 dupliciter, uno modo, quantum ad intentionem contendentis; alio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1374 modo, quantum ad modum. In intentione quidem considerandum est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1375 utrum aliquis contrarietur veritati, quod est vituperabile, vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1376 falsitati, quod est laudabile. In modo autem considerandum est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1377 utrum talis modus contrariandi conveniat et personis et negotiis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1378 quia hoc est laudabile (unde et Tullius dicit, in III Rhet.,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1379 <i>quod contentio est oratio acris ad confirmandum et confutandum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1380 accommodata</i>), vel excedat convenientiam personarum et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1381 negotiorum, et sic contentio est vituperabilis. Si ergo accipiatur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1382 contentio secundum quod importat impugnationem veritatis et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1383 inordinatum modum, sic est peccatum mortale. Et hoc modo definit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1384 Ambrosius contentionem, dicens, <i>contentio est impugnatio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1385 veritatis cum confidentia clamoris</i>. Si autem contentio dicatur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1386 impugnatio falsitatis cum debito modo acrimoniae, sic contentio est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1387 laudabilis. Si autem accipiatur contentio secundum quod importat
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1388 impugnationem falsitatis cum inordinato modo, sic potest esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1389 peccatum veniale, nisi forte tanta inordinatio fiat in contendendo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1390 quod ex hoc generetur scandalum aliorum. Unde et apostolus, cum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1391 dixisset, II ad Tim. II, <i>noli verbis contendere</i>, subdit,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1392 <i>ad nihil enim utile est, nisi ad subversionem
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1393 audientium</i>.</p><p title="II-II q. 38 a. 1 ad 1"><a name="40592"><span class="ref">[40592] IIª-IIae q. 38 a. 1 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1394 ergo dicendum quod in discipulis Christi non erat contentio cum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1395 intentione impugnandi veritatem, quia unusquisque defendebat quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1396 sibi verum videbatur. Erat tamen in eorum contentione inordinatio,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1397 quia contendebant de quo non erat contendendum, scilicet de primatu
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1398 honoris; nondum enim erant spirituales, sicut Glossa ibidem dicit.
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1399 Unde et dominus eos consequenter compescuit.</p><p title="II-II q. 38 a. 1 ad 2"><a name="40593"><span class="ref">[40593] IIª-IIae q. 38 a. 1 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1400 dicendum quod illi qui ex contentione Christum praedicabant
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1401 reprehensibiles erant, quia quamvis non impugnarent veritatem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1402 fidei, sed eam praedicarent, impugnabant tamen veritatem quantum ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1403 hoc quod putabant se suscitare pressuram apostolo veritatem fidei
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1404 praedicanti. Unde apostolus non gaudebat de eorum contentione, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1405 de fructu qui ex hoc proveniebat, scilicet quod Christus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1406 annuntiabatur, quia ex malis etiam occasionaliter subsequuntur
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1407 bona.</p><p title="II-II q. 38 a. 1 ad 3"><a name="40594"><span class="ref">[40594] IIª-IIae q. 38 a. 1 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1408 dicendum quod secundum completam rationem contentionis prout est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1409 peccatum mortale, ille in iudicio contendit qui impugnat veritatem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1410 iustitiae, et in disputatione contendit qui intendit impugnare
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1411 veritatem doctrinae. Et secundum hoc Catholici non contendunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1412 contra haereticos, sed potius e converso. Si autem accipiatur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1413 contentio in iudicio vel disputatione secundum imperfectam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1414 rationem, scilicet secundum quod importat quandam acrimoniam
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1415 locutionis, sic non semper est peccatum mortale.</p><p title="II-II q. 38 a. 1 ad 4"><a name="40595"><span class="ref">[40595] IIª-IIae q. 38 a. 1 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1416 dicendum quod contentio ibi sumitur communiter pro disputatione.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1417 Dixerat enim Iob, XIII cap., <i>ad omnipotentem loquar, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1418 disputare cum Deo cupio</i>, non tamen intendens neque veritatem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1419 impugnare, sed exquirere; neque circa hanc inquisitionem aliqua
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1420 inordinatione vel animi vel vocis uti.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 2</h3><p title="II-II q. 38 a. 2 arg. 1"><a name="40596"><span class="ref">[40596] IIª-IIae q. 38 a. 2 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1421 secundum sic proceditur. Videtur quod contentio non sit filia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1422 inanis gloriae. Contentio enim affinitatem habet ad zelum, unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1423 dicitur I ad Cor. III, <i>cum sit inter vos zelus et contentio,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1424 nonne carnales estis, et secundum hominem ambulatis?</i> Zelus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1425 autem ad invidiam pertinet. Ergo contentio magis ex invidia
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1426 oritur.</p><p title="II-II q. 38 a. 2 arg. 2"><a name="40597"><span class="ref">[40597] IIª-IIae q. 38 a. 2 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1427 contentio cum clamore quodam est. Sed clamor ex ira oritur; ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1428 patet per Gregorium, XXXI Moral. Ergo etiam contentio oritur ex
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1429 ira.</p><p title="II-II q. 38 a. 2 arg. 3"><a name="40598"><span class="ref">[40598] IIª-IIae q. 38 a. 2 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1430 inter alia scientia praecipue videtur esse materia superbiae et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1431 inanis gloriae, secundum illud I ad Cor. VIII, <i>scientia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1432 inflat</i>. Sed contentio provenit plerumque ex defectu scientiae,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1433 per quam veritas cognoscitur, non impugnatur. Ergo contentio non
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1434 est filia inanis gloriae.</p><p title="II-II q. 38 a. 2 s. c."><a name="40599"><span class="ref">[40599] IIª-IIae q. 38 a. 2 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1435 est auctoritas Gregorii, XXXI Moral.</p><p title="II-II q. 38 a. 2 co."><a name="40600"><span class="ref">[40600] IIª-IIae q. 38 a. 2 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1436 dicendum quod, sicut supra dictum est, discordia est filia inanis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1437 gloriae, eo quod discordantium uterque in suo proprio stat, et unus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1438 alteri non acquiescit; proprium autem superbiae est et inanis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1439 gloriae propriam excellentiam quaerere. Sicut autem discordantes
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1440 aliqui sunt ex hoc quod stant corde in propriis, ita contendentes
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1441 sunt aliqui ex hoc quod unusquisque verbo id quod sibi videtur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1442 defendit. Et ideo eadem ratione ponitur contentio filia inanis
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1443 gloriae sicut et discordia.</p><p title="II-II q. 38 a. 2 ad 1"><a name="40601"><span class="ref">[40601] IIª-IIae q. 38 a. 2 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1444 ergo dicendum quod contentio, sicut et discordia, habet affinitatem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1445 cum invidia quantum ad recessum eius a quo aliquis discordat vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1446 cum quo contendit. Sed quantum ad id in quo sistit ille qui
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1447 contendit, habet convenientiam cum superbia et inani gloria,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1448 inquantum scilicet in proprio sensu statur, ut supra dictum
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1449 est.</p><p title="II-II q. 38 a. 2 ad 2"><a name="40602"><span class="ref">[40602] IIª-IIae q. 38 a. 2 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1450 dicendum quod clamor assumitur in contentione de qua loquimur ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1451 finem impugnandae veritatis. Unde non est principale in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1452 contentione. Et ideo non oportet quod contentio ex eodem derivetur
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1453 ex quo derivatur clamor.</p><p title="II-II q. 38 a. 2 ad 3"><a name="40603"><span class="ref">[40603] IIª-IIae q. 38 a. 2 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1454 dicendum quod superbia et inanis gloria occasionem sumunt praecipue
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1455 a bonis, etiam sibi contrariis, puta cum de humilitate aliquis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1456 superbit, est enim huiusmodi derivatio non per se, sed per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1457 accidens, secundum quem modum nihil prohibet contrarium a contrario
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1458 oriri. Et ideo nihil prohibet ea quae ex superbia vel inani gloria
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1459 per se et directe oriuntur causari ex contrariis eorum ex quibus
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1460 occasionaliter superbia oritur.</p></div></div><div class="q" id="q39"><h2>Quaestio 39</h2><div class="p"><h3>Prooemium</h3><p title="II-II q. 39 pr."><a name="40604"><span class="ref">[40604] IIª-IIae q. 39 pr.</span></a> Deinde
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1461 considerandum est de vitiis oppositis paci pertinentibus ad opus;
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1462 quae sunt schisma, rixa, seditio et bellum. Primo ergo circa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1463 schisma quaeruntur quatuor. Primo, utrum schisma sit speciale
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1464 peccatum. Secundo, utrum sit gravius infidelitate. Tertio, de
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1465 potestate schismaticorum. Quarto, de poena eorum.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 1</h3><p title="II-II q. 39 a. 1 arg. 1"><a name="40605"><span class="ref">[40605] IIª-IIae q. 39 a. 1 arg. 1</span></a> Ad primum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1466 sic proceditur. Videtur quod schisma non sit peccatum speciale.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1467 Schisma enim, ut Pelagius Papa dicit, scissuram sonat. Sed omne
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1468 peccatum scissuram quandam facit, secundum illud Isaiae LIX,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1469 <i>peccata vestra diviserunt inter vos et Deum vestrum</i>. Ergo
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1470 schisma non est speciale peccatum.</p><p title="II-II q. 39 a. 1 arg. 2"><a name="40606"><span class="ref">[40606] IIª-IIae q. 39 a. 1 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1471 illi videntur esse schismatici qui Ecclesiae non obediunt. Sed per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1472 omne peccatum fit homo inobediens praeceptis Ecclesiae, quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1473 peccatum, secundum Ambrosium, est caelestium inobedientia
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1474 mandatorum. Ergo omne peccatum est schisma.</p><p title="II-II q. 39 a. 1 arg. 3"><a name="40607"><span class="ref">[40607] IIª-IIae q. 39 a. 1 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1475 haeresis etiam dividit hominem ab unitate fidei. Si ergo schismatis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1476 nomen divisionem importat, videtur quod non differat a peccato
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1477 infidelitatis quasi speciale peccatum.</p><p title="II-II q. 39 a. 1 s. c."><a name="40608"><span class="ref">[40608] IIª-IIae q. 39 a. 1 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1478 est quod Augustinus, contra Faustum, distinguit inter schisma et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1479 haeresim, dicens quod <i>schisma est eadem opinantem atque eodem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1480 ritu colentem quo ceteri, solo congregationis delectari dissidio,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1481 haeresis vero diversa opinatur ab his quae Catholica credit
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1482 Ecclesia</i>. Ergo schisma non est generale peccatum.</p><p title="II-II q. 39 a. 1 co."><a name="40609"><span class="ref">[40609] IIª-IIae q. 39 a. 1 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1483 dicendum quod, sicut Isidorus dicit, in libro Etymol., nomen
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1484 schismatis a scissura animorum vocatum est. Scissio autem unitati
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1485 opponitur. Unde peccatum schismatis dicitur quod directe et per se
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1486 opponitur unitati, sicut enim in rebus naturalibus id quod est per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1487 accidens non constituit speciem, ita etiam nec in rebus moralibus.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1488 In quibus id quod est intentum est per se, quod autem sequitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1489 praeter intentionem est quasi per accidens. Et ideo peccatum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1490 schismatis proprie est speciale peccatum ex eo quod intendit se ab
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1491 unitate separare quam caritas facit. Quae non solum alteram
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1492 personam alteri unit spirituali dilectionis vinculo, sed etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1493 totam Ecclesiam in unitate spiritus. Et ideo proprie schismatici
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1494 dicuntur qui propria sponte et intentione se ab unitate Ecclesiae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1495 separant, quae est unitas principalis, nam unitas particularis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1496 aliquorum ad invicem ordinatur ad unitatem Ecclesiae, sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1497 compositio singulorum membrorum in corpore naturali ordinatur ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1498 totius corporis unitatem. Ecclesiae autem unitas in duobus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1499 attenditur, scilicet in connexione membrorum Ecclesiae ad invicem,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1500 seu communicatione; et iterum in ordine omnium membrorum Ecclesiae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1501 ad unum caput; secundum illud ad Coloss. II, <i>inflatus sensu
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1502 carnis suae, et non tenens caput, ex quo totum corpus, per nexus et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1503 coniunctiones subministratum et constructum, crescit in augmentum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1504 Dei</i>. Hoc autem caput est ipse Christus, cuius vicem in Ecclesia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1505 gerit summus pontifex. Et ideo schismatici dicuntur qui subesse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1506 renuunt summo pontifici, et qui membris Ecclesiae ei subiectis
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1507 communicare recusant.</p><p title="II-II q. 39 a. 1 ad 1"><a name="40610"><span class="ref">[40610] IIª-IIae q. 39 a. 1 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1508 ergo dicendum quod divisio hominis a Deo per peccatum non est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1509 intenta a peccante, sed praeter intentionem eius accidit ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1510 inordinata conversione ipsius ad commutabile bonum. Et ideo non est
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1511 schisma, per se loquendo.</p><p title="II-II q. 39 a. 1 ad 2"><a name="40611"><span class="ref">[40611] IIª-IIae q. 39 a. 1 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1512 dicendum quod non obedire praeceptis cum rebellione quadam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1513 constituit schismatis rationem. Dico autem cum rebellione, cum et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1514 pertinaciter praecepta Ecclesiae contemnit, et iudicium eius subire
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1515 recusat. Hoc autem non facit quilibet peccator. Unde non omne
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1516 peccatum est schisma.</p><p title="II-II q. 39 a. 1 ad 3"><a name="40612"><span class="ref">[40612] IIª-IIae q. 39 a. 1 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1517 dicendum quod haeresis et schisma distinguuntur secundum ea quibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1518 utrumque per se et directe opponitur. Nam haeresis per se opponitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1519 fidei, schisma autem per se opponitur unitati ecclesiasticae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1520 caritatis. Et ideo sicut fides et caritas sunt diversae virtutes,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1521 quamvis quicumque careat fide careat caritate; ita etiam schisma et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1522 haeresis sunt diversa vitia, quamvis quicumque est haereticus sit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1523 etiam schismaticus, sed non convertitur. Et hoc est quod Hieronymus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1524 dicit, in Epist. ad Gal., <i>inter schisma et haeresim hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1525 interesse arbitror, quod haeresis perversum dogma habet, schisma ab
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1526 Ecclesia separat</i>. Et tamen sicut amissio caritatis est via ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1527 amittendum fidem, secundum illud I ad Tim. I, <i>a quibus quidam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1528 aberrantes</i>, scilicet a caritate et aliis huiusmodi, conversi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1529 sunt in vaniloquium; ita etiam schisma est via ad haeresim. Unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1530 Hieronymus ibidem subdit quod <i>schisma a principio aliqua in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1531 parte potest intelligi diversum ab haeresi, ceterum nullum schisma
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1532 est, nisi sibi aliquam haeresim confingat, ut recte ab Ecclesia
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1533 recessisse videatur</i>.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 2</h3><p title="II-II q. 39 a. 2 arg. 1"><a name="40613"><span class="ref">[40613] IIª-IIae q. 39 a. 2 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1534 secundum sic proceditur. Videtur quod schisma gravius peccatum sit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1535 quam infidelitas. Maius enim peccatum graviori poena punitur,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1536 secundum illud Deut. XXV, <i>pro mensura peccati erit et plagarum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1537 modus</i>. Sed peccatum schismatis gravius invenitur punitum quam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1538 etiam peccatum infidelitatis sive idololatriae. Legitur enim Exod.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1539 XXXII quod propter idololatriam sunt aliqui humana manu gladio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1540 interfecti, de peccato autem schismatis legitur Num. XVI, <i>si
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1541 novam rem fecerit dominus, ut aperiens terra os suum deglutiat eos
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1542 et omnia quae ad illos pertinent, descenderintque viventes in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1543 Infernum, scietis quod blasphemaverunt dominum</i>. Decem etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1544 tribus, quae vitio schismatis a regno David recesserunt, sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1545 gravissime punitae, ut habetur IV Reg. XVII. Ergo peccatum
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1546 schismatis est gravius peccato infidelitatis.</p><p title="II-II q. 39 a. 2 arg. 2"><a name="40614"><span class="ref">[40614] IIª-IIae q. 39 a. 2 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1547 <i>bonum multitudinis est maius et divinius quam bonum unius</i>;
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1548 ut patet per philosophum, in I Ethic. Sed schisma est contra bonum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1549 multitudinis, idest contra ecclesiasticam unitatem, infidelitas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1550 autem est contra bonum particulare unius, quod est fides unius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1551 hominis singularis. Ergo videtur quod schisma sit gravius peccatum
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1552 quam infidelitas.</p><p title="II-II q. 39 a. 2 arg. 3"><a name="40615"><span class="ref">[40615] IIª-IIae q. 39 a. 2 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1553 maiori malo maius bonum opponitur; ut patet per philosophum, in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1554 VIII Ethic. Sed schisma opponitur caritati, quae est maior virtus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1555 quam fides, cui opponitur infidelitas, ut ex praemissis patet. Ergo
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1556 schisma est gravius peccatum quam infidelitas.</p><p title="II-II q. 39 a. 2 s. c."><a name="40616"><span class="ref">[40616] IIª-IIae q. 39 a. 2 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1557 quod se habet ex additione ad alterum potius est vel in bono vel in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1558 malo. Sed haeresis se habet per additionem ad schisma, addit enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1559 perversum dogma, ut patet ex auctoritate Hieronymi supra inducta.
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1560 Ergo schisma est minus peccatum quam infidelitas.</p><p title="II-II q. 39 a. 2 co."><a name="40617"><span class="ref">[40617] IIª-IIae q. 39 a. 2 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1561 dicendum quod gravitas peccati dupliciter potest considerari, uno
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1562 modo, secundum suam speciem; alio modo, secundum circumstantias. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1563 quia circumstantiae particulares sunt et infinitis modis variari
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1564 possunt, cum quaeritur in communi de duobus peccatis quod sit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1565 gravius, intelligenda est quaestio de gravitate quae attenditur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1566 secundum genus peccati. Genus autem seu species peccati attenditur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1567 ex obiecto; sicut ex supradictis patet. Et ideo illud peccatum quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1568 maiori bono contrariatur est ex suo genere gravius, sicut peccatum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1569 in Deum quam peccatum in proximum. Manifestum est autem quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1570 infidelitas est peccatum contra ipsum Deum, secundum quod in se est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1571 veritas prima, cui fides innititur. Schisma autem est contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1572 ecclesiasticam unitatem, quae est quoddam bonum participatum, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1573 minus quam sit ipse Deus. Unde manifestum est quod peccatum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1574 infidelitatis ex suo genere est gravius quam peccatum schismatis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1575 licet possit contingere quod aliquis schismaticus gravius peccet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1576 quam quidam infidelis, vel propter maiorem contemptum, vel propter
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1577 maius periculum quod inducit, vel propter aliquid huiusmodi.</p><p title="II-II q. 39 a. 2 ad 1"><a name="40618"><span class="ref">[40618] IIª-IIae q. 39 a. 2 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1578 ergo dicendum quod populo illi manifestum erat iam per legem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1579 susceptam quod erat unus Deus et quod non erant alii dii colendi,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1580 et hoc erat apud eos per multiplicia signa confirmatum. Et ideo non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1581 oportebat quod peccantes contra hanc fidem per idololatriam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1582 punirentur inusitata aliqua et insolita poena, sed solum communi.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1583 Sed non erat sic notum apud eos quod Moyses deberet esse semper
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1584 eorum princeps. Et ideo rebellantes eius principatui oportebat
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1585 miraculosa et insueta poena puniri. Vel potest dici quod peccatum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1586 schismatis quandoque gravius est punitum in populo illo quia erat
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1587 ad seditiones et schismata promptus, dicitur enim I Esdr. IV,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1588 <i>civitas illa a diebus antiquis adversus regem rebellat, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1589 seditiones et praelia concitantur in ea</i>. Poena autem maior
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1590 quandoque infligitur pro peccato magis consueto, ut supra habitum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1591 est, nam poenae sunt medicinae quaedam ad arcendum homines a
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1592 peccato; unde ubi est maior pronitas ad peccandum, debet severior
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1593 poena adhiberi. Decem autem tribus non solum fuerunt punitae pro
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1594 peccato schismatis, sed etiam pro peccato idololatriae, ut ibidem
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1595 dicitur.</p><p title="II-II q. 39 a. 2 ad 2"><a name="40619"><span class="ref">[40619] IIª-IIae q. 39 a. 2 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1596 dicendum quod sicut bonum multitudinis est maius quam bonum unius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1597 qui est de multitudine, ita est minus quam bonum extrinsecum ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1598 quod multitudo ordinatur, sicut bonum ordinis exercitus est minus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1599 quam bonum ducis. Et similiter bonum ecclesiasticae unitatis, cui
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1600 opponitur schisma, est minus quam bonum veritatis divinae, cui
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1601 opponitur infidelitas.</p><p title="II-II q. 39 a. 2 ad 3"><a name="40620"><span class="ref">[40620] IIª-IIae q. 39 a. 2 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1602 dicendum quod caritas habet duo obiecta, unum principale, scilicet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1603 bonitatem divinam; et aliud secundarium, scilicet bonum proximi.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1604 Schisma autem et alia peccata quae fiunt in proximum opponuntur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1605 caritati quantum ad secundarium bonum, quod est minus quam obiectum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1606 fidei, quod est ipse Deus. Et ideo ista peccata sunt minora quam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1607 infidelitas. Sed odium Dei, quod opponitur caritati quantum ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1608 principale obiectum, non est minus. Tamen inter peccata quae sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1609 in proximum, peccatum schismatis videtur esse maximum, quia est
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1610 contra spirituale bonum multitudinis.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 3</h3><p title="II-II q. 39 a. 3 arg. 1"><a name="40621"><span class="ref">[40621] IIª-IIae q. 39 a. 3 arg. 1</span></a> Ad tertium
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1611 sic proceditur. Videtur quod schismatici habeant aliquam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1612 potestatem. Dicit enim Augustinus, in libro contra Donatist.,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1613 <i>sicut redeuntes ad Ecclesiam qui priusquam recederent baptizati
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1614 sunt non rebaptizantur, ita redeuntes qui priusquam recederent
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1615 ordinati sunt non utique rursus ordinantur</i>. Sed ordo est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1616 potestas quaedam. Ergo schismatici habent aliquam potestatem, quia
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1617 retinent ordinem.</p><p title="II-II q. 39 a. 3 arg. 2"><a name="40622"><span class="ref">[40622] IIª-IIae q. 39 a. 3 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1618 Augustinus dicit, in libro de Unic. Bapt., <i>potest sacramentum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1619 tradere separatus, sicut potest habere separatus</i>. Sed potestas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1620 tradendi sacramenta est maxima potestas. Ergo schismatici, qui sunt
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1621 ab Ecclesia separati, habent potestatem spiritualem.</p><p title="II-II q. 39 a. 3 arg. 3"><a name="40623"><span class="ref">[40623] IIª-IIae q. 39 a. 3 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1622 Urbanus Papa dicit quod <i>ab episcopis quondam Catholice ordinatis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1623 sed in schismate a Romana Ecclesia separatis qui consecrati sunt,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1624 eos, cum ad Ecclesiae unitatem redierint, servatis propriis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1625 ordinibus, misericorditer suscipi iubemus, si eos vita et scientia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1626 commendat</i>. Sed hoc non esset nisi spiritualis potestas apud
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1627 schismaticos remaneret. Ergo schismatici habent spiritualem
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1628 potestatem.</p><p title="II-II q. 39 a. 3 s. c."><a name="40624"><span class="ref">[40624] IIª-IIae q. 39 a. 3 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1629 est quod Cyprianus dicit in quadam epistola, et habetur VII, qu. I,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1630 Can. Novatianus, <i>qui nec unitatem, inquit, spiritus nec
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1631 conventionis pacem observat, et se ab Ecclesiae vinculo atque a
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1632 sacerdotum collegio separat, nec episcopi potestatem habere potest
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1633 nec honorem</i>.</p><p title="II-II q. 39 a. 3 co."><a name="40625"><span class="ref">[40625] IIª-IIae q. 39 a. 3 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1634 dicendum quod duplex est spiritualis potestas, una quidem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1635 sacramentalis; alia iurisdictionalis. Sacramentalis quidem potestas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1636 est quae per aliquam consecrationem confertur. Omnes autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1637 consecrationes Ecclesiae sunt immobiles, manente re quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1638 consecratur, sicut patet etiam in rebus inanimatis, nam altare
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1639 semel consecratum non consecratur iterum nisi fuerit dissipatum. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1640 ideo talis potestas secundum suam essentiam remanet in homine qui
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1641 per consecrationem eam est adeptus quandiu vivit, sive in schisma
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1642 sive in haeresim labatur, quod patet ex hoc quod rediens ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1643 Ecclesiam non iterum consecratur. Sed quia potestas inferior non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1644 debet exire in actum nisi secundum quod movetur a potestate
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1645 superiori, ut etiam in rebus naturalibus patet; inde est quod tales
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1646 usum potestatis amittunt, ita scilicet quod non liceat eis sua
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1647 potestate uti. Si tamen usi fuerint, eorum potestas effectum habet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1648 in sacramentalibus, quia in his homo non operatur nisi sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1649 instrumentum Dei; unde effectus sacramentales non excluduntur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1650 propter culpam quamcumque conferentis sacramentum. Potestas autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1651 iurisdictionalis est quae ex simplici iniunctione hominis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1652 confertur. Et talis potestas non immobiliter adhaeret. Unde in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1653 schismaticis et haereticis non manet. Unde non possunt nec
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1654 absolvere nec excommunicare nec indulgentias facere, aut aliquid
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1655 huiusmodi, quod si fecerint, nihil est actum. Cum ergo dicitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1656 tales non habere potestatem spiritualem, intelligendum est vel de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1657 potestate secunda, vel, si referatur ad primam potestatem, non est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1658 referendum ad ipsam essentiam potestatis, sed ad legitimum usum
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1659 eius.</p><p title="II-II q. 39 a. 3 ad arg."><a name="40626"><span class="ref">[40626] IIª-IIae q. 39 a. 3 ad arg.</span></a> Et per
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1660 hoc patet responsio ad obiecta.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 4</h3><p title="II-II q. 39 a. 4 arg. 1"><a name="40627"><span class="ref">[40627] IIª-IIae q. 39 a. 4 arg. 1</span></a> Ad quartum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1661 sic proceditur. Videtur quod poena schismaticorum non sit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1662 conveniens ut excommunicentur. Excommunicatio enim maxime separat
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1663 hominem a communione sacramentorum. Sed Augustinus dicit, in libro
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1664 contra Donatist., quod Baptisma potest recipi a schismatico. Ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1665 videtur quod excommunicatio non est conveniens poena
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1666 schismatis.</p><p title="II-II q. 39 a. 4 arg. 2"><a name="40628"><span class="ref">[40628] IIª-IIae q. 39 a. 4 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1667 ad fideles Christi pertinet ut eos qui sunt dispersi reducant, unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1668 contra quosdam dicitur Ezech. XXXIV, <i>quod abiectum est non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1669 reduxistis, quod perierat non quaesistis</i>. Sed schismatici
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1670 convenientius reducuntur per aliquos qui eis communicent. Ergo
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1671 videtur quod non sint excommunicandi.</p><p title="II-II q. 39 a. 4 arg. 3"><a name="40629"><span class="ref">[40629] IIª-IIae q. 39 a. 4 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1672 pro eodem peccato non infligitur duplex poena, secundum illud Nahum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1673 I, <i>non iudicabit Deus bis in idipsum</i>. Sed pro peccato
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1674 schismatis aliqui poena temporali puniuntur, ut habetur XXIII, qu.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1675 V, ubi dicitur, <i>divinae et mundanae leges statuerunt ut ab
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1676 Ecclesiae unitate divisi, et eius pacem perturbantes, a
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1677 saecularibus potestatibus comprimantur</i>. Non ergo sunt puniendi
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1678 per excommunicationem.</p><p title="II-II q. 39 a. 4 s. c."><a name="40630"><span class="ref">[40630] IIª-IIae q. 39 a. 4 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1679 est quod Num. XVI dicitur, <i>recedite a tabernaculis hominum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1680 impiorum</i>, qui scilicet schisma fecerant, <i>et nolite tangere
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1681 quae ad eos pertinent, ne involvamini in peccatis eorum</i>.</p><p title="II-II q. 39 a. 4 co."><a name="40631"><span class="ref">[40631] IIª-IIae q. 39 a. 4 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1682 dicendum quod per quae peccat quis, per ea debet puniri, ut dicitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1683 Sap. XI. Schismaticus autem, ut ex dictis patet, in duobus peccat.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1684 In uno quidem, quia separat se a communione membrorum Ecclesiae. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1685 quantum ad hoc conveniens poena schismaticorum est ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1686 excommunicentur. In alio vero, quia subdi recusant capiti
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1687 Ecclesiae. Et ideo, quia coerceri nolunt per spiritualem potestatem
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1688 Ecclesiae, iustum est ut potestate temporali coerceantur.</p><p title="II-II q. 39 a. 4 ad 1"><a name="40632"><span class="ref">[40632] IIª-IIae q. 39 a. 4 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1689 ergo dicendum quod Baptismum a schismaticis recipere non licet nisi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1690 in articulo necessitatis, quia melius est de hac vita cum signo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1691 Christi exire, a quocumque detur, etiam si sit Iudaeus vel Paganus,
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1692 quam sine hoc signo, quod per Baptismum confertur.</p><p title="II-II q. 39 a. 4 ad 2"><a name="40633"><span class="ref">[40633] IIª-IIae q. 39 a. 4 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1693 dicendum quod per excommunicationem non interdicitur illa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1694 communicatio per quam aliquis salubribus monitis divisos reducit ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1695 Ecclesiae unitatem. Tamen et ipsa separatio quodammodo eos reducit,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1696 dum, de sua separatione confusi, quandoque ad poenitentiam
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1697 adducuntur.</p><p title="II-II q. 39 a. 4 ad 3"><a name="40634"><span class="ref">[40634] IIª-IIae q. 39 a. 4 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1698 dicendum quod poenae praesentis vitae sunt medicinales; et ideo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1699 quando una poena non sufficit ad coercendum hominem, superadditur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1700 altera, sicut et medici diversas medicinas corporales apponunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1701 quando una non est efficax et ita Ecclesia, quando aliqui per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1702 excommunicationem non sufficienter reprimuntur, adhibet coercionem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1703 brachii saecularis. Sed si una poena sit sufficiens, non debet alia
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1704 adhiberi.</p></div></div><div class="q" id="q40"><h2>Quaestio 40</h2><div class="p"><h3>Prooemium</h3><p title="II-II q. 40 pr."><a name="40635"><span class="ref">[40635] IIª-IIae q. 40 pr.</span></a> Deinde
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1705 considerandum est de bello. Et circa hoc quaeruntur quatuor. Primo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1706 utrum aliquod bellum sit licitum. Secundo, utrum clericis sit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1707 licitum bellare. Tertio, utrum liceat bellantibus uti insidiis.
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1708 Quarto, utrum liceat in diebus festis bellare.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 1</h3><p title="II-II q. 40 a. 1 arg. 1"><a name="40636"><span class="ref">[40636] IIª-IIae q. 40 a. 1 arg. 1</span></a> Ad primum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1709 sic proceditur. Videtur quod bellare semper sit peccatum. Poena
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1710 enim non infligitur nisi pro peccato. Sed bellantibus a domino
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1711 indicitur poena, secundum illud Matth. XXVI, <i>omnis qui acceperit
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1712 gladium gladio peribit</i>. Ergo omne bellum est illicitum.</p><p title="II-II q. 40 a. 1 arg. 2"><a name="40637"><span class="ref">[40637] IIª-IIae q. 40 a. 1 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1713 quidquid contrariatur divino praecepto est peccatum. Sed bellare
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1714 contrariatur divino praecepto, dicitur enim Matth. V, <i>ego dico
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1715 vobis non resistere malo</i>; et Rom. XII dicitur, <i>non vos
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1716 defendentes, carissimi, sed date locum irae</i>. Ergo bellare
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1717 semper est peccatum.</p><p title="II-II q. 40 a. 1 arg. 3"><a name="40638"><span class="ref">[40638] IIª-IIae q. 40 a. 1 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1718 nihil contrariatur actui virtutis nisi peccatum. Sed bellum
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1719 contrariatur paci. Ergo bellum semper est peccatum.</p><p title="II-II q. 40 a. 1 arg. 4"><a name="40639"><span class="ref">[40639] IIª-IIae q. 40 a. 1 arg. 4</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1720 omne exercitium ad rem licitam licitum est, sicut patet in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1721 exercitiis scientiarum. Sed exercitia bellorum, quae fiunt in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1722 torneamentis, prohibentur ab Ecclesia, quia morientes in huiusmodi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1723 tyrociniis ecclesiastica sepultura privantur. Ergo bellum videtur
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1724 esse simpliciter peccatum.</p><p title="II-II q. 40 a. 1 s. c."><a name="40640"><span class="ref">[40640] IIª-IIae q. 40 a. 1 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1725 est quod Augustinus dicit, in sermone de puero centurionis, <i>si
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1726 Christiana disciplina omnino bella culparet, hoc potius consilium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1727 salutis petentibus in Evangelio daretur, ut abiicerent arma, seque
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1728 militiae omnino subtraherent. Dictum est autem eis, neminem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1729 concutiatis; estote contenti stipendiis vestris. Quibus proprium
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1730 stipendium sufficere praecepit, militare non prohibuit</i>.</p><p title="II-II q. 40 a. 1 co."><a name="40641"><span class="ref">[40641] IIª-IIae q. 40 a. 1 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1731 dicendum quod ad hoc quod aliquod bellum sit iustum, tria
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1732 requiruntur. Primo quidem, auctoritas principis, cuius mandato
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1733 bellum est gerendum. Non enim pertinet ad personam privatam bellum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1734 movere, quia potest ius suum in iudicio superioris prosequi.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1735 Similiter etiam quia convocare multitudinem, quod in bellis oportet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1736 fieri, non pertinet ad privatam personam. Cum autem cura
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1737 reipublicae commissa sit principibus, ad eos pertinet rem publicam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1738 civitatis vel regni seu provinciae sibi subditae tueri. Et sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1739 licite defendunt eam materiali gladio contra interiores quidem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1740 perturbatores, dum malefactores puniunt, secundum illud apostoli,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1741 ad Rom. XIII, <i>non sine causa gladium portat, minister enim Dei
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1742 est, vindex in iram ei qui male agit</i>; ita etiam gladio bellico
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1743 ad eos pertinet rempublicam tueri ab exterioribus hostibus. Unde et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1744 principibus dicitur in Psalm., <i>eripite pauperem, et egenum de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1745 manu peccatoris liberate</i>. Unde Augustinus dicit, contra Faust.,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1746 <i>ordo naturalis, mortalium paci accommodatus, hoc poscit, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1747 suscipiendi belli auctoritas atque consilium penes principes
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1748 sit</i>. Secundo, requiritur causa iusta, ut scilicet illi qui
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1749 impugnantur propter aliquam culpam impugnationem mereantur. Unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1750 Augustinus dicit, in libro quaest., <i>iusta bella solent definiri
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1751 quae ulciscuntur iniurias, si gens vel civitas plectenda est quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1752 vel vindicare neglexerit quod a suis improbe factum est, vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1753 reddere quod per iniuriam ablatum est</i>. Tertio, requiritur ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1754 sit intentio bellantium recta, qua scilicet intenditur vel ut bonum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1755 promoveatur, vel ut malum vitetur. Unde Augustinus, in libro de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1756 verbis Dom., <i>apud veros Dei cultores etiam illa bella pacata
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1757 sunt quae non cupiditate aut crudelitate, sed pacis studio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1758 geruntur, ut mali coerceantur et boni subleventur</i>. Potest autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1759 contingere quod etiam si sit legitima auctoritas indicentis bellum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1760 et causa iusta, nihilominus propter pravam intentionem bellum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1761 reddatur illicitum. Dicit enim Augustinus, in libro contra Faust.,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1762 <i>nocendi cupiditas, ulciscendi crudelitas, implacatus et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1763 implacabilis animus, feritas rebellandi, libido dominandi, et si
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1764 qua sunt similia, haec sunt quae in bellis iure culpantur</i>.</p><p title="II-II q. 40 a. 1 ad 1"><a name="40642"><span class="ref">[40642] IIª-IIae q. 40 a. 1 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1765 ergo dicendum quod, sicut Augustinus dicit, in II Lib. contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1766 Manich., <i>ille accipit gladium qui, nulla superiori aut legitima
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1767 potestate aut iubente vel concedente, in sanguinem alicuius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1768 armatur</i>. Qui vero ex auctoritate principis vel iudicis, si sit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1769 persona privata; vel ex zelo iustitiae, quasi ex auctoritate Dei,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1770 si sit persona publica, gladio utitur, non ipse accipit gladium,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1771 sed ab alio sibi commisso utitur. Unde ei poena non debetur. Nec
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1772 tamen illi etiam qui cum peccato gladio utuntur semper gladio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1773 occiduntur. Sed ipso suo gladio semper pereunt, quia pro peccato
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1774 gladii aeternaliter puniuntur, nisi poeniteant.</p><p title="II-II q. 40 a. 1 ad 2"><a name="40643"><span class="ref">[40643] IIª-IIae q. 40 a. 1 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1775 dicendum quod huiusmodi praecepta, sicut Augustinus dicit, in libro
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1776 de Serm. Dom. in monte, semper sunt servanda in praeparatione
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1777 animi, ut scilicet semper homo sit paratus non resistere vel non se
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1778 defendere si opus fuerit. Sed quandoque est aliter agendum propter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1779 commune bonum, et etiam illorum cum quibus pugnatur. Unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1780 Augustinus dicit, in Epist. ad Marcellinum, <i>agenda sunt multa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1781 etiam cum invitis benigna quadam asperitate plectendis. Nam cui
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1782 licentia iniquitatis eripitur, utiliter vincitur, quoniam nihil est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1783 infelicius felicitate peccantium, qua poenalis nutritur impunitas,
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1784 et mala voluntas, velut hostis interior, roboratur</i>.</p><p title="II-II q. 40 a. 1 ad 3"><a name="40644"><span class="ref">[40644] IIª-IIae q. 40 a. 1 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1785 dicendum quod etiam illi qui iusta bella gerunt pacem intendunt. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1786 ita paci non contrariantur nisi malae, quam dominus non venit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1787 mittere in terram, ut dicitur Matth. X. Unde Augustinus dicit, ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1788 Bonifacium, <i>non quaeritur pax ut bellum exerceatur, sed bellum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1789 geritur ut pax acquiratur. Esto ergo bellando pacificus, ut eos
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1790 quos expugnas ad pacis utilitatem vincendo perducas</i>.</p><p title="II-II q. 40 a. 1 ad 4"><a name="40645"><span class="ref">[40645] IIª-IIae q. 40 a. 1 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1791 dicendum quod exercitia hominum ad res bellicas non sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1792 universaliter prohibita, sed inordinata exercitia et periculosa, ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1793 quibus occisiones et depraedationes proveniunt. Apud antiquos autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1794 exercitationes ad bella sine huiusmodi periculis erant, et ideo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1795 vocabantur meditationes armorum, vel bella sine sanguine, ut per
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1796 Hieronymum patet, in quadam epistola.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 2</h3><p title="II-II q. 40 a. 2 arg. 1"><a name="40646"><span class="ref">[40646] IIª-IIae q. 40 a. 2 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1797 secundum sic proceditur. Videtur quod clericis et episcopis liceat
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1798 pugnare. Bella enim intantum sunt licita et iusta, sicut dictum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1799 est, inquantum tuentur pauperes et totam rempublicam ab hostium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1800 iniuriis. Sed hoc maxime videtur ad praelatos pertinere, dicit enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1801 Gregorius, in quadam homilia, <i>lupus super oves venit, cum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1802 quilibet iniustus et raptor fideles quosque atque humiles opprimit.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1803 Sed is qui pastor videbatur esse et non erat, relinquit oves et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1804 fugit, quia dum sibi ab eo periculum metuit, resistere eius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1805 iniustitiae non praesumit</i>. Ergo praelatis et clericis licitum
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1806 est pugnare.</p><p title="II-II q. 40 a. 2 arg. 2"><a name="40647"><span class="ref">[40647] IIª-IIae q. 40 a. 2 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1807 XXIII, qu. VIII, Leo Papa scribit, <i>cum saepe adversa a
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1808 Saracenorum partibus pervenerint nuntia, quidam in Romanorum portum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1809 Saracenos clam furtiveque venturos esse dicebant. Pro quo nostrum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1810 congregari praecepimus populum, maritimumque ad littus descendere
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1811 decrevimus</i>. Ergo episcopis licet ad bella procedere.</p><p title="II-II q. 40 a. 2 arg. 3"><a name="40648"><span class="ref">[40648] IIª-IIae q. 40 a. 2 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1812 eiusdem rationis esse videtur quod homo aliquid faciat, et quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1813 facienti consentiat, secundum illud Rom. I, <i>non solum digni sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1814 morte qui faciunt, sed et qui consentiunt facientibus</i>. Maxime
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1815 autem consentit qui ad aliquid faciendum alios inducit. Licitum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1816 autem est episcopis et clericis inducere alios ad bellandum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1817 dicitur enim XXIII, qu. VIII, quod <i>hortatu et precibus Adriani
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1818 Romanae urbis episcopi, Carolus bellum contra Longobardos
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1819 suscepit</i>. Ergo etiam eis licet pugnare.</p><p title="II-II q. 40 a. 2 arg. 4"><a name="40649"><span class="ref">[40649] IIª-IIae q. 40 a. 2 arg. 4</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1820 illud quod est secundum se honestum et meritorium non est illicitum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1821 praelatis et clericis. Sed bellare est quandoque et honestum et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1822 meritorium, dicitur enim XXIII, qu. VIII, quod <i>si aliquis pro
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1823 veritate fidei et salvatione patriae ac defensione Christianorum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1824 mortuus fuerit, a Deo caeleste praemium consequetur</i>. Ergo
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1825 licitum est episcopis et clericis bellare.</p><p title="II-II q. 40 a. 2 s. c."><a name="40650"><span class="ref">[40650] IIª-IIae q. 40 a. 2 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1826 est quod Petro, in persona episcoporum et clericorum, dicitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1827 Matth. XXVI, <i>converte gladium tuum in vaginam</i>. Non ergo
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1828 licet eis pugnare.</p><p title="II-II q. 40 a. 2 co."><a name="40651"><span class="ref">[40651] IIª-IIae q. 40 a. 2 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1829 dicendum quod ad bonum societatis humanae plura sunt necessaria.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1830 Diversa autem a diversis melius et expeditius aguntur quam ab uno;
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1831 ut patet per philosophum, in sua politica. Et quaedam negotia sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1832 adeo sibi repugnantia ut convenienter simul exerceri non possint.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1833 Et ideo illis qui maioribus deputantur prohibentur minora, sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1834 secundum leges humanas militibus, qui deputantur ad exercitia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1835 bellica, negotiationes interdicuntur. Bellica autem exercitia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1836 maxime repugnant illis officiis quibus episcopi et clerici
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1837 deputantur, propter duo. Primo quidem, generali ratione, quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1838 bellica exercitia maximas inquietudines habent; unde multum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1839 impediunt animum a contemplatione divinorum et laude Dei et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1840 oratione pro populo, quae ad officium pertinent clericorum. Et ideo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1841 sicut negotiationes, propter hoc quod nimis implicant animum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1842 interdicuntur clericis, ita et bellica exercitia, secundum illud II
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1843 ad Tim. II, <i>nemo militans Deo implicat se saecularibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1844 negotiis</i>. Secundo, propter specialem rationem. Nam omnes
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1845 clericorum ordines ordinantur ad altaris ministerium, in quo sub
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1846 sacramento repraesentatur passio Christi, secundum illud I ad Cor.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1847 XI, <i>quotiescumque manducabitis panem hunc et calicem bibetis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1848 mortem domini annuntiabitis, donec veniat</i>. Et ideo non competit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1849 eis occidere vel effundere sanguinem, sed magis esse paratos ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1850 propriam sanguinis effusionem pro Christo, ut imitentur opere quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1851 gerunt ministerio. Et propter hoc est institutum ut effundentes
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1852 sanguinem, etiam sine peccato, sint irregulares. Nulli autem qui
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1853 est deputatus ad aliquod officium licet id per quod suo officio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1854 incongruus redditur. Unde clericis omnino non licet bella gerere,
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1855 quae ordinantur ad sanguinis effusionem.</p><p title="II-II q. 40 a. 2 ad 1"><a name="40652"><span class="ref">[40652] IIª-IIae q. 40 a. 2 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1856 ergo dicendum quod praelati debent resistere non solum lupis qui
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1857 spiritualiter interficiunt gregem, sed etiam raptoribus et tyrannis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1858 qui corporaliter vexant, non autem materialibus armis in propria
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1859 persona utendo, sed spiritualibus; secundum illud apostoli, II ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1860 Cor. X, <i>arma militiae nostrae non sunt carnalia, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1861 spiritualia</i>. Quae quidem sunt salubres admonitiones, devotae
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1862 orationes, contra pertinaces excommunicationis sententia.</p><p title="II-II q. 40 a. 2 ad 2"><a name="40653"><span class="ref">[40653] IIª-IIae q. 40 a. 2 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1863 dicendum quod praelati et clerici, ex auctoritate superioris,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1864 possunt interesse bellis, non quidem ut ipsi propria manu pugnent,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1865 sed ut iuste pugnantibus spiritualiter subveniant suis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1866 exhortationibus et absolutionibus et aliis huiusmodi spiritualibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1867 subventionibus. Sicut et in veteri lege mandabatur, Ios. VI, quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1868 sacerdotes sacris tubis in bellis clangerent. Et ad hoc primo fuit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1869 concessum quod episcopi vel clerici ad bella procederent. Quod
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1870 autem aliqui propria manu pugnent, abusionis est.</p><p title="II-II q. 40 a. 2 ad 3"><a name="40654"><span class="ref">[40654] IIª-IIae q. 40 a. 2 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1871 dicendum quod, sicut supra habitum est, omnis potentia vel ars vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1872 virtus ad quam pertinet finis habet disponere de his quae sunt ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1873 finem. Bella autem carnalia in populo fideli sunt referenda, sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1874 ad finem, ad bonum spirituale divinum, cui clerici deputantur. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1875 ideo ad clericos pertinet disponere et inducere alios ad bellandum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1876 bella iusta. Non enim interdicitur eis bellare quia peccatum sit,
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1877 sed quia tale exercitium eorum personae non congruit.</p><p title="II-II q. 40 a. 2 ad 4"><a name="40655"><span class="ref">[40655] IIª-IIae q. 40 a. 2 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1878 dicendum quod, licet exercere bella iusta sit meritorium, tamen
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1879 illicitum redditur clericis propter hoc quod sunt ad opera magis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1880 meritoria deputati. Sicut matrimonialis actus potest esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1881 meritorius, et tamen virginitatem voventibus damnabilis redditur,
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1882 propter obligationem eorum ad maius bonum.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 3</h3><p title="II-II q. 40 a. 3 arg. 1"><a name="40656"><span class="ref">[40656] IIª-IIae q. 40 a. 3 arg. 1</span></a> Ad tertium
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1883 sic proceditur. Videtur quod non sit licitum in bellis uti
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1884 insidiis. Dicitur enim Deut. XVI, <i>iuste quod iustum est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1885 exequeris</i>. Sed insidiae, cum sint fraudes quaedam, videntur ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1886 iniustitiam pertinere. Ergo non est utendum insidiis etiam in
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1887 bellis iustis.</p><p title="II-II q. 40 a. 3 arg. 2"><a name="40657"><span class="ref">[40657] IIª-IIae q. 40 a. 3 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1888 insidiae et fraudes fidelitati videntur opponi, sicut et mendacia.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1889 Sed quia ad omnes fidem debemus servare, nulli homini est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1890 mentiendum; ut patet per Augustinum, in libro contra mendacium. Cum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1891 ergo fides hosti servanda sit, ut Augustinus dicit, ad Bonifacium,
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1892 videtur quod non sit contra hostes insidiis utendum.</p><p title="II-II q. 40 a. 3 arg. 3"><a name="40658"><span class="ref">[40658] IIª-IIae q. 40 a. 3 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1893 Matth. VII dicitur, <i>quae vultis ut faciant vobis homines, et vos
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1894 facite illis</i>, et hoc est observandum ad omnes proximos. Inimici
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1895 autem sunt proximi. Cum ergo nullus sibi velit insidias vel fraudes
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1896 parari, videtur quod nullus ex insidiis debeat gerere bella.</p><p title="II-II q. 40 a. 3 s. c."><a name="40659"><span class="ref">[40659] IIª-IIae q. 40 a. 3 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1897 est quod Augustinus dicit, in libro quaest., <i>cum iustum bellum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1898 suscipitur, utrum aperte pugnet aliquis an ex insidiis, nihil ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1899 iustitiam interest</i>. Et hoc probat auctoritate domini, qui
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1900 mandavit Iosue ut insidias poneret habitatoribus civitatis hai, ut
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1901 habetur Ios. VIII.</p><p title="II-II q. 40 a. 3 co."><a name="40660"><span class="ref">[40660] IIª-IIae q. 40 a. 3 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1902 dicendum quod insidiae ordinantur ad fallendum hostes. Dupliciter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1903 autem aliquis potest falli ex facto vel dicto alterius uno modo, ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1904 eo quod ei dicitur falsum, vel non servatur promissum. Et istud
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1905 semper est illicitum. Et hoc modo nullus debet hostes fallere, sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1906 enim quaedam iura bellorum et foedera etiam inter ipsos hostes
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1907 servanda, ut Ambrosius dicit, in libro de officiis. Alio modo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1908 potest aliquis falli ex dicto vel facto nostro, quia ei propositum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1909 aut intellectum non aperimus. Hoc autem semper facere non tenemur,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1910 quia etiam in doctrina sacra multa sunt occultanda, maxime
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1911 infidelibus, ne irrideant, secundum illud Matth. VII, <i>nolite
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1912 sanctum dare canibus</i>. Unde multo magis ea quae ad impugnandum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1913 inimicos paramus sunt eis occultanda. Unde inter cetera documenta
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1914 rei militaris hoc praecipue ponitur de occultandis consiliis ne ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1915 hostes perveniant; ut patet in libro stratagematum Frontini. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1916 talis occultatio pertinet ad rationem insidiarum quibus licitum est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1917 uti in bellis iustis. Nec proprie huiusmodi insidiae vocantur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1918 fraudes; nec iustitiae repugnant; nec ordinatae voluntati, esset
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1919 enim inordinata voluntas si aliquis vellet nihil sibi ab aliis
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1920 occultari.</p><p title="II-II q. 40 a. 3 ad arg."><a name="40661"><span class="ref">[40661] IIª-IIae q. 40 a. 3 ad arg.</span></a> Et per
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1921 hoc patet responsio ad obiecta.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 4</h3><p title="II-II q. 40 a. 4 arg. 1"><a name="40662"><span class="ref">[40662] IIª-IIae q. 40 a. 4 arg. 1</span></a> Ad quartum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1922 sic proceditur. Videtur quod in diebus festis non liceat bellare.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1923 Festa enim sunt ordinata ad vacandum divinis, unde intelliguntur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1924 per observationem sabbati, quae praecipitur Exod. XX; sabbatum enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1925 interpretatur requies. Sed bella maximam inquietudinem habent. Ergo
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1926 nullo modo est in diebus festis pugnandum.</p><p title="II-II q. 40 a. 4 arg. 2"><a name="40663"><span class="ref">[40663] IIª-IIae q. 40 a. 4 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1927 Isaiae LVIII reprehenduntur quidam quod in diebus ieiunii
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1928 <i>repetunt debita et committunt lites, pugno percutientes</i>.
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1929 Ergo multo magis in diebus festis illicitum est bellare.</p><p title="II-II q. 40 a. 4 arg. 3"><a name="40664"><span class="ref">[40664] IIª-IIae q. 40 a. 4 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1930 nihil est inordinate agendum ad vitandum incommodum temporale. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1931 bellare in die festo, hoc videtur esse secundum se inordinatum.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1932 Ergo pro nulla necessitate temporalis incommodi vitandi debet
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1933 aliquis in die festo bellare.</p><p title="II-II q. 40 a. 4 s. c."><a name="40665"><span class="ref">[40665] IIª-IIae q. 40 a. 4 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1934 est quod I Machab. II dicitur, <i>cogitaverunt laudabiliter Iudaei,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1935 dicentes, omnis homo quicumque venerit ad nos in bello in die
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1936 sabbatorum, pugnemus adversus eum</i>.</p><p title="II-II q. 40 a. 4 co."><a name="40666"><span class="ref">[40666] IIª-IIae q. 40 a. 4 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1937 dicendum quod observatio festorum non impedit ea quae ordinantur ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1938 hominis salutem etiam corporalem. Unde dominus arguit Iudaeos,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1939 dicens, Ioan. VII, <i>mihi indignamini quia totum hominem salvum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1940 feci in sabbato?</i> Et inde est quod medici licite possunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1941 medicari homines in die festo. Multo autem magis est conservanda
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1942 salus reipublicae, per quam impediuntur occisiones plurimorum et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1943 innumera mala et temporalia et spiritualia, quam salus corporalis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1944 unius hominis. Et ideo pro tuitione reipublicae fidelium licitum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1945 est iusta bella exercere in diebus festis, si tamen hoc necessitas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1946 exposcat, hoc enim esset tentare Deum, si quis, imminente tali
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1947 necessitate, a bello vellet abstinere. Sed necessitate cessante,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1948 non est licitum bellare in diebus festis, propter rationes
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1949 inductas.</p><p title="II-II q. 40 a. 4 ad arg."><a name="40667"><span class="ref">[40667] IIª-IIae q. 40 a. 4 ad arg.</span></a> Et per
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1950 hoc patet responsio ad obiecta.</p></div></div><div class="q" id="q41"><h2>Quaestio 41</h2><div class="p"><h3>Prooemium</h3><p title="II-II q. 41 pr."><a name="40668"><span class="ref">[40668] IIª-IIae q. 41 pr.</span></a> Deinde
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1951 considerandum est de rixa. Et circa hoc quaeruntur duo. Primo,
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1952 utrum rixa sit peccatum. Secundo, utrum sit filia irae.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 1</h3><p title="II-II q. 41 a. 1 arg. 1"><a name="40669"><span class="ref">[40669] IIª-IIae q. 41 a. 1 arg. 1</span></a> Ad primum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1953 sic proceditur. Videtur quod rixa non semper sit peccatum. Rixa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1954 enim videtur esse contentio quaedam, dicit enim Isidorus, in libro
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1955 Etymol., quod <i>rixosus est a rictu canino dictus, semper enim ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1956 contradicendum paratus est, et iurgio delectatur, et provocat
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1957 contendentem</i>. Sed contentio non semper est peccatum. Ergo neque
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1958 rixa.</p><p title="II-II q. 41 a. 1 arg. 2"><a name="40670"><span class="ref">[40670] IIª-IIae q. 41 a. 1 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1959 Gen. XXVI dicitur quod <i>servi Isaac foderunt alium puteum, et pro
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1960 illo quoque rixati sunt</i>. Sed non est credendum quod familia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1961 Isaac rixaretur publice, eo non contradicente, si hoc esset
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1962 peccatum. Ergo rixa non est peccatum.</p><p title="II-II q. 41 a. 1 arg. 3"><a name="40671"><span class="ref">[40671] IIª-IIae q. 41 a. 1 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1963 rixa videtur esse quoddam particulare bellum. Sed bellum non semper
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1964 est peccatum. Ergo rixa non semper est peccatum.</p><p title="II-II q. 41 a. 1 s. c."><a name="40672"><span class="ref">[40672] IIª-IIae q. 41 a. 1 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1965 est quod ad Gal. V rixae ponuntur inter opera carnis, <i>quae qui
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1966 agunt regnum Dei non consequuntur</i>. Ergo rixae non solum sunt
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1967 peccata, sed etiam sunt peccata mortalia.</p><p title="II-II q. 41 a. 1 co."><a name="40673"><span class="ref">[40673] IIª-IIae q. 41 a. 1 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1968 dicendum quod sicut contentio importat quandam contradictionem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1969 verborum, ita etiam rixa importat quandam contradictionem in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1970 factis, unde super illud Gal. V dicit Glossa quod rixae sunt quando
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1971 ex ira invicem se percutiunt. Et ideo rixa videtur esse quoddam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1972 privatum bellum, quod inter privatas personas agitur non ex aliqua
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1973 publica auctoritate, sed magis ex inordinata voluntate. Et ideo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1974 rixa semper importat peccatum. Et in eo quidem qui alterum invadit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1975 iniuste est peccatum mortale, inferre enim nocumentum proximo etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1976 opere manuali non est absque mortali peccato. In eo autem qui se
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1977 defendit potest esse sine peccato, et quandoque cum peccato
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1978 veniali, et quandoque etiam cum mortali, secundum diversum motum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1979 animi eius, et diversum modum se defendendi. Nam si solo animo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1980 repellendi iniuriam illatam, et cum debita moderatione se defendat,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1981 non est peccatum, nec proprie potest dici rixa ex parte eius. Si
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1982 vero cum animo vindictae vel odii, vel cum excessu debitae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1983 moderationis se defendat, semper est peccatum, sed veniale quidem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1984 quando aliquis levis motus odii vel vindictae se immiscet, vel cum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1985 non multum excedat moderatam defensionem; mortale autem quando
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1986 obfirmato animo in impugnantem insurgit ad eum occidendum vel
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1987 graviter laedendum.</p><p title="II-II q. 41 a. 1 ad 1"><a name="40674"><span class="ref">[40674] IIª-IIae q. 41 a. 1 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1988 ergo dicendum quod rixa non simpliciter nominat contentionem, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1989 tria in praemissis verbis Isidori ponuntur quae inordinationem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1990 rixae declarant. Primo quidem, promptitudinem animi ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1991 contendendum, quod significat cum dicit, semper ad contradicendum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1992 paratus, scilicet sive alius bene aut male dicat aut faciat.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1993 Secundo, quia in ipsa contradictione delectatur, unde sequitur, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1994 in iurgio delectatur. Tertio, quia ipse alios provocat ad
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1995 contradictiones, unde sequitur, et provocat contendentem.</p><p title="II-II q. 41 a. 1 ad 2"><a name="40675"><span class="ref">[40675] IIª-IIae q. 41 a. 1 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1996 dicendum quod ibi non intelligitur quod servi Isaac sint rixati,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1997 sed quod incolae terrae rixati sunt contra eos. Unde illi
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1998 peccaverunt, non autem servi Isaac, qui calumniam patiebantur.</p><p title="II-II q. 41 a. 1 ad 3"><a name="40676"><span class="ref">[40676] IIª-IIae q. 41 a. 1 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1999 dicendum quod ad hoc quod iustum sit bellum, requiritur quod fiat
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2000 auctoritate publicae potestatis, sicut supra dictum est. Rixa autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2001 fit ex privato affectu irae vel odii. Si enim minister principis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2002 aut iudicis publica potestate aliquos invadat qui se defendant, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2003 dicuntur ipsi rixari, sed illi qui publicae potestati resistunt. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2004 sic illi qui invadunt non rixantur neque peccant, sed illi qui se
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2005 inordinate defendunt.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 2</h3><p title="II-II q. 41 a. 2 arg. 1"><a name="40677"><span class="ref">[40677] IIª-IIae q. 41 a. 2 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2006 secundum sic proceditur. Videtur quod rixa non sit filia irae.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2007 Dicitur enim Iac. IV, <i>unde bella et lites in vobis? Nonne ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2008 concupiscentiis quae militant in membris vestris?</i> Sed ira non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2009 pertinet ad concupiscibilem. Ergo rixa non est filia irae, sed
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2010 magis concupiscentiae.</p><p title="II-II q. 41 a. 2 arg. 2"><a name="40678"><span class="ref">[40678] IIª-IIae q. 41 a. 2 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2011 Prov. XXVIII dicitur, <i>qui se iactat et dilatat iurgia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2012 concitat</i>. Sed idem videtur esse rixa quod iurgium. Ergo videtur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2013 quod rixa sit filia superbiae vel inanis gloriae, ad quam pertinet
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2014 se iactare et dilatare.</p><p title="II-II q. 41 a. 2 arg. 3"><a name="40679"><span class="ref">[40679] IIª-IIae q. 41 a. 2 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2015 Prov. XVIII dicitur, <i>labia stulti immiscent se rixis</i>. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2016 stultitia differt ab ira, non enim opponitur mansuetudini, sed
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2017 magis sapientiae vel prudentiae. Ergo rixa non est filia irae.</p><p title="II-II q. 41 a. 2 arg. 4"><a name="40680"><span class="ref">[40680] IIª-IIae q. 41 a. 2 arg. 4</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2018 Prov. X dicitur, <i>odium suscitat rixas</i>. Sed odium oritur ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2019 invidia; ut Gregorius dicit, XXXI Moral. Ergo rixa non est filia
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2020 irae, sed invidiae.</p><p title="II-II q. 41 a. 2 arg. 5"><a name="40681"><span class="ref">[40681] IIª-IIae q. 41 a. 2 arg. 5</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2021 Prov. XVII dicitur, <i>qui meditatur discordias seminat rixas</i>.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2022 Sed discordia est filia inanis gloriae, ut supra dictum est. Ergo
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2023 et rixa.</p><p title="II-II q. 41 a. 2 s. c."><a name="40682"><span class="ref">[40682] IIª-IIae q. 41 a. 2 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2024 est quod Gregorius dicit, XXXI Moral., quod ex ira oritur rixa. Et
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2025 Prov. XV et XXIX dicitur, <i>vir iracundus provocat rixas</i>.</p><p title="II-II q. 41 a. 2 co."><a name="40683"><span class="ref">[40683] IIª-IIae q. 41 a. 2 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2026 dicendum quod, sicut dictum est, rixa importat quandam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2027 contradictionem usque ad facta pervenientem, dum unus alterum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2028 laedere molitur. Dupliciter autem unus alium laedere intendit. Uno
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2029 modo, quasi intendens absolute malum ipsius. Et talis laesio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2030 pertinet ad odium, cuius intentio est ad laedendum inimicum vel in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2031 manifesto vel in occulto. Alio modo aliquis intendit alium laedere
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2032 eo sciente et repugnante, quod importatur nomine rixae. Et hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2033 proprie pertinet ad iram, quae est appetitus vindictae, non enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2034 sufficit irato quod latenter noceat ei contra quem irascitur, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2035 vult quod ipse sentiat, et quod contra voluntatem suam aliquid
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2036 patiatur in vindictam eius quod fecit, ut patet per ea quae supra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2037 dicta sunt de passione irae. Et ideo rixa proprie oritur ex
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2038 ira.</p><p title="II-II q. 41 a. 2 ad 1"><a name="40684"><span class="ref">[40684] IIª-IIae q. 41 a. 2 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2039 ergo dicendum quod, sicut supra dictum est, omnes passiones
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2040 irascibilis ex passionibus concupiscibilis oriuntur. Et secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2041 hoc, illud quod proxime oritur ex ira, oritur etiam ex
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2042 concupiscentia sicut ex prima radice.</p><p title="II-II q. 41 a. 2 ad 2"><a name="40685"><span class="ref">[40685] IIª-IIae q. 41 a. 2 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2043 dicendum quod iactatio et dilatatio sui, quae fit per superbiam vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2044 inanem gloriam, non directe concitat iurgium aut rixam, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2045 occasionaliter, inquantum scilicet ex hoc concitatur ira, dum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2046 aliquis sibi ad iniuriam reputat quod alter ei se praeferat; et sic
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2047 ex ira sequuntur iurgia et rixae.</p><p title="II-II q. 41 a. 2 ad 3"><a name="40686"><span class="ref">[40686] IIª-IIae q. 41 a. 2 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2048 dicendum quod ira, sicut supra dictum est, impedit iudicium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2049 rationis, unde habet similitudinem cum stultitia. Et ex hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2050 sequitur quod habeant communem effectum, ex defectu enim rationis
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2051 contingit quod aliquis inordinate alium laedere molitur.</p><p title="II-II q. 41 a. 2 ad 4"><a name="40687"><span class="ref">[40687] IIª-IIae q. 41 a. 2 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2052 dicendum quod rixa, etsi quandoque ex odio oriatur, non tamen est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2053 proprius effectus odii. Quia praeter intentionem odientis est quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2054 rixose et manifeste inimicum laedat, quandoque enim etiam occulte
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2055 laedere quaerit; sed quando videt se praevalere cum rixa et iurgio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2056 laesionem intendit. Sed rixose aliquem laedere est proprius
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2057 effectus irae, ratione iam dicta.</p><p title="II-II q. 41 a. 2 ad 5"><a name="40688"><span class="ref">[40688] IIª-IIae q. 41 a. 2 ad 5</span></a> Ad quintum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2058 dicendum quod ex rixis sequitur odium et discordia in cordibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2059 rixantium. Et ideo ille qui meditatur, idest qui intendit inter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2060 aliquos seminare discordias, procurat quod ad invicem rixantur,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2061 sicut quodlibet peccatum potest imperare actum alterius peccati,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2062 ordinando illum in suum finem. Sed ex hoc non sequitur quod rixa
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2063 sit filia inanis gloriae proprie et directe.</p></div></div><div class="q" id="q42"><h2>Quaestio 42</h2><div class="p"><h3>Prooemium</h3><p title="II-II q. 42 pr."><a name="40689"><span class="ref">[40689] IIª-IIae q. 42 pr.</span></a> Deinde
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2064 considerandum est de seditione. Et circa hoc quaeruntur duo primo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2065 utrum sit speciale peccatum. Secundo, utrum sit mortale
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2066 peccatum.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 1</h3><p title="II-II q. 42 a. 1 arg. 1"><a name="40690"><span class="ref">[40690] IIª-IIae q. 42 a. 1 arg. 1</span></a> Ad primum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2067 sic proceditur. Videtur quod seditio non sit speciale peccatum ab
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2068 aliis distinctum. Quia ut Isidorus dicit, in libro Etymol.,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2069 <i>seditiosus est qui dissensionem animorum facit et discordias
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2070 gignit</i>. Sed ex hoc quod aliquis aliquod peccatum procurat, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2071 peccat alio peccati genere nisi illo quod procurat. Ergo videtur
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2072 quod seditio non sit speciale peccatum a discordia distinctum.</p><p title="II-II q. 42 a. 1 arg. 2"><a name="40691"><span class="ref">[40691] IIª-IIae q. 42 a. 1 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2073 seditio divisionem quandam importat. Sed nomen etiam schismatis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2074 sumitur a scissura, ut supra dictum est. Ergo peccatum seditionis
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2075 non videtur esse distinctum a peccato schismatis.</p><p title="II-II q. 42 a. 1 arg. 3"><a name="40692"><span class="ref">[40692] IIª-IIae q. 42 a. 1 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2076 omne peccatum speciale ab aliis distinctum vel est vitium capitale,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2077 aut ex aliquo vitio capitali oritur. Sed seditio neque computatur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2078 inter vitia capitalia, neque inter vitia quae ex capitalibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2079 oriuntur, ut patet in XXXI Moral., ubi utraque vitia numerantur.
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2080 Ergo seditio non est speciale peccatum ab aliis distinctum.</p><p title="II-II q. 42 a. 1 s. c."><a name="40693"><span class="ref">[40693] IIª-IIae q. 42 a. 1 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2081 est quod II ad Cor. XII seditiones ab aliis peccatis
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2082 distinguuntur.</p><p title="II-II q. 42 a. 1 co."><a name="40694"><span class="ref">[40694] IIª-IIae q. 42 a. 1 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2083 dicendum quod seditio est quoddam peccatum speciale, quod quantum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2084 ad aliquid convenit cum bello et rixa, quantum autem ad aliquid
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2085 differt ab eis. Convenit quidem cum eis in hoc quod importat
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2086 quandam contradictionem. Differt autem ab eis in duobus. Primo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2087 quidem, quia bellum et rixa important mutuam impugnationem in actu,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2088 sed seditio potest dici sive fiat huiusmodi impugnatio in actu,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2089 sive sit praeparatio ad talem impugnationem. Unde Glossa II ad Cor.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2090 XII dicit quod seditiones sunt tumultus ad pugnam, cum scilicet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2091 aliqui se praeparant et intendunt pugnare. Secundo differunt, quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2092 bellum proprie est contra extraneos et hostes, quasi multitudinis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2093 ad multitudinem; rixa autem est unius ad unum, vel paucorum ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2094 paucos; seditio autem proprie est inter partes unius multitudinis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2095 inter se dissentientes, puta cum una pars civitatis excitatur in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2096 tumultum contra aliam. Et ideo seditio, quia habet speciale bonum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2097 cui opponitur, scilicet unitatem et pacem multitudinis, ideo est
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2098 speciale peccatum.</p><p title="II-II q. 42 a. 1 ad 1"><a name="40695"><span class="ref">[40695] IIª-IIae q. 42 a. 1 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2099 ergo dicendum quod seditiosus dicitur qui seditionem excitat. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2100 quia seditio quandam discordiam importat, ideo seditiosus est qui
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2101 discordiam facit non quamcumque, sed inter partes alicuius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2102 multitudinis. Peccatum autem seditionis non solum est in eo qui
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2103 discordiam seminat, sed etiam in eis qui inordinate ab invicem
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2104 dissentiunt.</p><p title="II-II q. 42 a. 1 ad 2"><a name="40696"><span class="ref">[40696] IIª-IIae q. 42 a. 1 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2105 dicendum quod seditio differt a schismate in duobus. Primo quidem,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2106 quia schisma opponitur spirituali unitati multitudinis, scilicet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2107 unitati ecclesiasticae, seditio autem opponitur temporali vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2108 saeculari multitudinis unitati, puta civitatis vel regni. Secundo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2109 quia schisma non importat aliquam praeparationem ad pugnam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2110 corporalem, sed solum importat dissensionem spiritualem, seditio
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2111 autem importat praeparationem ad pugnam corporalem.</p><p title="II-II q. 42 a. 1 ad 3"><a name="40697"><span class="ref">[40697] IIª-IIae q. 42 a. 1 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2112 dicendum quod seditio, sicut et schisma, sub discordia continetur.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2113 Utrumque enim est discordia quaedam, non unius ad unum, sed partium
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2114 multitudinis ad invicem.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 2</h3><p title="II-II q. 42 a. 2 arg. 1"><a name="40698"><span class="ref">[40698] IIª-IIae q. 42 a. 2 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2115 secundum sic proceditur. Videtur quod seditio non semper sit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2116 peccatum mortale. Seditio enim importat tumultum ad pugnam; ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2117 patet per Glossam supra inductam. Sed pugna non semper est peccatum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2118 mortale, sed quandoque est iusta et licita, ut supra habitum est.
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2119 Ergo multo magis seditio potest esse sine peccato mortali.</p><p title="II-II q. 42 a. 2 arg. 2"><a name="40699"><span class="ref">[40699] IIª-IIae q. 42 a. 2 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2120 seditio est discordia quaedam, ut dictum est. Sed discordia potest
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2121 esse sine peccato mortali, et quandoque etiam sine omni peccato.
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2122 Ergo etiam seditio.</p><p title="II-II q. 42 a. 2 arg. 3"><a name="40700"><span class="ref">[40700] IIª-IIae q. 42 a. 2 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2123 laudantur qui multitudinem a potestate tyrannica liberant. Sed hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2124 non de facili potest fieri sine aliqua dissensione multitudinis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2125 dum una pars multitudinis nititur retinere tyrannum, alia vero
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2126 nititur eum abiicere. Ergo seditio potest fieri sine peccato.</p><p title="II-II q. 42 a. 2 s. c."><a name="40701"><span class="ref">[40701] IIª-IIae q. 42 a. 2 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2127 est quod apostolus, II ad Cor. XII, prohibet seditiones inter alia
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2128 quae sunt peccata mortalia. Ergo seditio est peccatum mortale.</p><p title="II-II q. 42 a. 2 co."><a name="40702"><span class="ref">[40702] IIª-IIae q. 42 a. 2 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2129 dicendum quod, sicut dictum est, seditio opponitur unitati
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2130 multitudinis, idest populi, civitatis vel regni. Dicit autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2131 Augustinus, II de Civ. Dei, quod <i>populum determinant sapientes
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2132 non omnem coetum multitudinis, sed coetum iuris consensu et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2133 utilitatis communione sociatum</i>. Unde manifestum est unitatem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2134 cui opponitur seditio esse unitatem iuris et communis utilitatis.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2135 Manifestum est ergo quod seditio opponitur et iustitiae et communi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2136 bono. Et ideo ex suo genere est peccatum mortale, et tanto gravius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2137 quanto bonum commune, quod impugnatur per seditionem, est maius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2138 quam bonum privatum, quod impugnatur per rixam. Peccatum autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2139 seditionis primo quidem et principaliter pertinet ad eos qui
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2140 seditionem procurant, qui gravissime peccant. Secundo autem, ad eos
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2141 qui eos sequuntur, perturbantes bonum commune. Illi vero qui bonum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2142 commune defendunt, eis resistentes, non sunt dicendi seditiosi,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2143 sicut nec illi qui se defendunt dicuntur rixosi, ut supra dictum
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2144 est.</p><p title="II-II q. 42 a. 2 ad 1"><a name="40703"><span class="ref">[40703] IIª-IIae q. 42 a. 2 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2145 ergo dicendum quod pugna quae est licita fit pro communi utilitate,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2146 sicut supra dictum est. Sed seditio fit contra commune bonum
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2147 multitudinis. Unde semper est peccatum mortale.</p><p title="II-II q. 42 a. 2 ad 2"><a name="40704"><span class="ref">[40704] IIª-IIae q. 42 a. 2 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2148 dicendum quod discordia ab eo quod non est manifeste bonum potest
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2149 esse sine peccato. Sed discordia ab eo quod est manifeste bonum non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2150 potest esse sine peccato. Et talis discordia est seditio, quae
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2151 opponitur utilitati multitudinis, quae est manifeste bonum.</p><p title="II-II q. 42 a. 2 ad 3"><a name="40705"><span class="ref">[40705] IIª-IIae q. 42 a. 2 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2152 dicendum quod regimen tyrannicum non est iustum, quia non ordinatur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2153 ad bonum commune, sed ad bonum privatum regentis, ut patet per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2154 philosophum, in III Polit. et in VIII Ethic. Et ideo perturbatio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2155 huius regiminis non habet rationem seditionis, nisi forte quando
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2156 sic inordinate perturbatur tyranni regimen quod multitudo subiecta
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2157 maius detrimentum patitur ex perturbatione consequenti quam ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2158 tyranni regimine. Magis autem tyrannus seditiosus est, qui in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2159 populo sibi subiecto discordias et seditiones nutrit, ut tutius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2160 dominari possit. Hoc enim tyrannicum est, cum sit ordinatum ad
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2161 bonum proprium praesidentis cum multitudinis nocumento.</p></div></div><div class="q" id="q43"><h2>Quaestio 43</h2><div class="p"><h3>Prooemium</h3><p title="II-II q. 43 pr."><a name="40706"><span class="ref">[40706] IIª-IIae q. 43 pr.</span></a> Deinde
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2162 considerandum restat de vitiis quae beneficentiae opponuntur. Inter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2163 quae alia quidem pertinent ad rationem iustitiae, illa scilicet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2164 quibus aliquis iniuste proximum laedit, sed contra caritatem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2165 specialiter scandalum esse videtur. Et ideo considerandum est hic
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2166 de scandalo. Circa quod quaeruntur octo. Primo, quid sit scandalum.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2167 Secundo, utrum scandalum sit peccatum. Tertio, utrum sit peccatum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2168 speciale. Quarto, utrum sit peccatum mortale. Quinto, utrum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2169 perfectorum sit scandalizari. Sexto, utrum eorum sit scandalizare.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2170 Septimo, utrum spiritualia bona sint dimittenda propter scandalum.
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2171 Octavo, utrum sint propter scandalum temporalia dimittenda.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 1</h3><p title="II-II q. 43 a. 1 arg. 1"><a name="40707"><span class="ref">[40707] IIª-IIae q. 43 a. 1 arg. 1</span></a> Ad primum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2172 sic proceditur. Videtur quod scandalum inconvenienter definiatur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2173 esse <i>dictum vel factum minus rectum praebens occasionem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2174 ruinae</i>. Scandalum enim peccatum est, ut post dicetur. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2175 secundum Augustinum, XXII contra Faust., <i>peccatum est dictum vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2176 factum vel concupitum contra legem Dei</i>. Ergo praedicta
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2177 definitio est insufficiens, quia praetermittitur cogitatum sive
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2178 concupitum.</p><p title="II-II q. 43 a. 1 arg. 2"><a name="40708"><span class="ref">[40708] IIª-IIae q. 43 a. 1 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2179 cum inter actus virtuosos vel rectos unus sit virtuosior vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2180 rectior altero, illud solum videtur non esse minus rectum quod est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2181 rectissimum. Si igitur scandalum sit dictum vel factum minus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2182 rectum, sequetur quod omnis actus virtuosus praeter optimum sit
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2183 scandalum.</p><p title="II-II q. 43 a. 1 arg. 3"><a name="40709"><span class="ref">[40709] IIª-IIae q. 43 a. 1 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2184 occasio nominat causam per accidens. Sed id quod est per accidens
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2185 non debet poni in definitione, quia non dat speciem. Ergo
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2186 inconvenienter in definitione scandali ponitur occasio.</p><p title="II-II q. 43 a. 1 arg. 4"><a name="40710"><span class="ref">[40710] IIª-IIae q. 43 a. 1 arg. 4</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2187 ex quolibet facto alterius potest aliquis sumere occasionem ruinae,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2188 quia causae per accidens sunt indeterminatae. Si igitur scandalum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2189 est quod praebet alteri occasionem ruinae, quodlibet factum vel
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2190 dictum poterit esse scandalum. Quod videtur inconveniens.</p><p title="II-II q. 43 a. 1 arg. 5"><a name="40711"><span class="ref">[40711] IIª-IIae q. 43 a. 1 arg. 5</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2191 occasio ruinae datur proximo quando offenditur aut infirmatur. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2192 scandalum dividitur contra offensionem et infirmitatem, dicit enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2193 apostolus, ad Rom. XIV, <i>bonum est non manducare carnem et non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2194 bibere vinum, neque in quo frater tuus offenditur aut scandalizatur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2195 aut infirmatur</i>. Ergo praedicta definitio scandali non est
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2196 conveniens.</p><p title="II-II q. 43 a. 1 s. c."><a name="40712"><span class="ref">[40712] IIª-IIae q. 43 a. 1 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2197 est quod Hieronymus, exponens illud quod habetur Matth. XV, <i>scis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2198 quia Pharisaei, audito hoc verbo</i>, etc., dicit, <i>quando
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2199 legimus, quicumque scandalizaverit, hoc intelligimus, qui dicto vel
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2200 facto occasionem ruinae dederit</i>.</p><p title="II-II q. 43 a. 1 co."><a name="40713"><span class="ref">[40713] IIª-IIae q. 43 a. 1 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2201 dicendum quod, sicut Hieronymus ibidem dicit, <i>quod Graece
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2202 scandalon dicitur, nos offensionem vel ruinam et impactionem pedis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2203 possumus dicere</i>. Contingit enim quod quandoque aliquis obex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2204 ponitur alicui in via corporali, cui impingens disponitur ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2205 ruinam, et talis obex dicitur scandalum. Et similiter in processu
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2206 viae spiritualis contingit aliquem disponi ad ruinam spiritualem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2207 per dictum vel factum alterius, inquantum scilicet aliquis sua
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2208 admonitione vel inductione aut exemplo alterum trahit ad peccandum.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2209 Et hoc proprie dicitur scandalum. Nihil autem secundum propriam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2210 rationem disponit ad spiritualem ruinam nisi quod habet aliquem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2211 defectum rectitudinis, quia id quod est perfecte rectum magis munit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2212 hominem contra casum quam ad ruinam inducat. Et ideo convenienter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2213 dicitur quod dictum vel factum minus rectum praebens occasionem
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2214 ruinae sit scandalum.</p><p title="II-II q. 43 a. 1 ad 1"><a name="40714"><span class="ref">[40714] IIª-IIae q. 43 a. 1 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2215 ergo dicendum quod cogitatio vel concupiscentia mali latet in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2216 corde, unde non proponitur alteri ut obex disponens ad ruinam. Et
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2217 propter hoc non potest habere scandali rationem.</p><p title="II-II q. 43 a. 1 ad 2"><a name="40715"><span class="ref">[40715] IIª-IIae q. 43 a. 1 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2218 dicendum quod minus rectum hic non dicitur quod ab aliquo alio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2219 superatur in rectitudine, sed quod habet aliquem rectitudinis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2220 defectum, vel quia est secundum se malum, sicut peccata; vel quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2221 habet speciem mali, sicut cum aliquis recumbit in idolio. Quamvis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2222 enim hoc secundum se non sit peccatum, si aliquis hoc non corrupta
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2223 intentione faciat; tamen quia habet quandam speciem vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2224 similitudinem venerationis idoli, potest alteri praebere occasionem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2225 ruinae. Et ideo apostolus monet, I ad Thess. V, <i>ab omni specie
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2226 mala abstinete vos</i>. Et ideo convenienter dicitur minus rectum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2227 ut comprehendantur tam illa quae sunt secundum se peccata, quam
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2228 illa quae habent speciem mali.</p><p title="II-II q. 43 a. 1 ad 3"><a name="40716"><span class="ref">[40716] IIª-IIae q. 43 a. 1 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2229 dicendum quod, sicut supra habitum est, nihil potest esse homini
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2230 sufficiens causa peccati, quod est spiritualis ruina, nisi propria
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2231 voluntas. Et ideo dicta vel facta alterius hominis possunt esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2232 solum causa imperfecta, aliqualiter inducens ad ruinam. Et propter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2233 hoc non dicitur, dans causam ruinae, sed, dans occasionem, quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2234 significat causam imperfectam, et non semper causam per accidens.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2235 Et tamen nihil prohibet in quibusdam definitionibus poni id quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2236 est per accidens, quia id quod est secundum accidens uni potest per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2237 se alteri convenire, sicut in definitione fortunae ponitur causa
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2238 per accidens, in II Physic.</p><p title="II-II q. 43 a. 1 ad 4"><a name="40717"><span class="ref">[40717] IIª-IIae q. 43 a. 1 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2239 dicendum quod dictum vel factum alterius potest esse alteri causa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2240 peccandi dupliciter, uno modo, per se; alio modo, per accidens. Per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2241 se quidem, quando aliquis suo malo verbo vel facto intendit alium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2242 ad peccandum inducere; vel, etiam si ipse hoc non intendat, ipsum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2243 factum est tale quod de sui ratione habet ut sit inductivum ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2244 peccandum, puta quod aliquis publice facit peccatum vel quod habet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2245 similitudinem peccati. Et tunc ille qui huiusmodi actum facit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2246 proprie dat occasionem ruinae, unde vocatur scandalum activum. Per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2247 accidens autem aliquod verbum vel factum unius est alteri causa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2248 peccandi, quando etiam praeter intentionem operantis, et praeter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2249 conditionem operis, aliquis male dispositus ex huiusmodi opere
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2250 inducitur ad peccandum, puta cum aliquis invidet bonis aliorum. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2251 tunc ille qui facit huiusmodi actum rectum non dat occasionem,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2252 quantum in se est, sed alius sumit occasionem, secundum illud ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2253 Rom. VII, <i>occasione autem accepta,</i> et cetera. Et ideo hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2254 est scandalum passivum sine activo, quia ille qui recte agit,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2255 quantum est de se, non dat occasionem ruinae quam alter patitur.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2256 Quandoque ergo contingit quod et sit simul scandalum activum in uno
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2257 et passivum in altero, puta cum ad inductionem unius alius peccat.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2258 Quandoque vero est scandalum activum sine passivo, puta cum aliquis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2259 inducit verbo vel facto alium ad peccandum, et ille non consentit.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2260 Quandoque vero est scandalum passivum sine activo, sicut iam dictum
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2261 est.</p><p title="II-II q. 43 a. 1 ad 5"><a name="40718"><span class="ref">[40718] IIª-IIae q. 43 a. 1 ad 5</span></a> Ad quintum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2262 dicendum quod infirmitas nominat promptitudinem ad scandalum;
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2263 offensio autem nominat indignationem alicuius contra eum qui
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2264 peccat, quae potest esse quandoque sine ruina; scandalum autem
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2265 importat ipsam impactionem ad ruinam.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 2</h3><p title="II-II q. 43 a. 2 arg. 1"><a name="40719"><span class="ref">[40719] IIª-IIae q. 43 a. 2 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2266 secundum sic proceditur. Videtur quod scandalum non sit peccatum.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2267 Peccata enim non eveniunt ex necessitate, quia omne peccatum est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2268 voluntarium, ut supra habitum est. Sed Matth. XVIII dicitur,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2269 <i>necesse est ut veniant scandala</i>. Ergo scandalum non est
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2270 peccatum.</p><p title="II-II q. 43 a. 2 arg. 2"><a name="40720"><span class="ref">[40720] IIª-IIae q. 43 a. 2 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2271 nullum peccatum procedit ex pietatis affectu, quia <i>non potest
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2272 arbor bona fructus malos facere</i>, ut dicitur Matth. VII. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2273 aliquod scandalum est ex pietatis affectu, dicit enim dominus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2274 Petro, Matth. XVI, <i>scandalum mihi es</i>; ubi dicit Hieronymus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2275 quod <i>error apostoli, de pietatis affectu veniens, nunquam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2276 incentivum videtur esse Diaboli</i>. Ergo non omne scandalum est
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2277 peccatum.</p><p title="II-II q. 43 a. 2 arg. 3"><a name="40721"><span class="ref">[40721] IIª-IIae q. 43 a. 2 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2278 scandalum impactionem quandam importat. Sed non quicumque impingit,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2279 cadit. Ergo scandalum potest esse sine peccato, quod est
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2280 spiritualis casus.</p><p title="II-II q. 43 a. 2 s. c."><a name="40722"><span class="ref">[40722] IIª-IIae q. 43 a. 2 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2281 est quod scandalum est dictum vel factum minus rectum. Ex hoc autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2282 habet aliquid rationem peccati quod a rectitudine deficit. Ergo
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2283 scandalum semper est cum peccato.</p><p title="II-II q. 43 a. 2 co."><a name="40723"><span class="ref">[40723] IIª-IIae q. 43 a. 2 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2284 dicendum quod, sicut iam supra dictum est, duplex est scandalum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2285 scilicet passivum, in eo qui scandalizatur; et activum, in eo qui
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2286 scandalizat, dans occasionem ruinae. Scandalum igitur passivum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2287 semper est peccatum in eo qui scandalizatur, non enim scandalizatur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2288 nisi inquantum aliqualiter ruit spirituali ruina, quae est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2289 peccatum. Potest tamen esse scandalum passivum sine peccato eius ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2290 cuius facto aliquis scandalizatur, sicut cum aliquis scandalizatur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2291 de his quae alius bene facit. Similiter etiam scandalum activum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2292 semper est peccatum in eo qui scandalizat. Quia vel ipsum opus quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2293 facit est peccatum, vel etiam, si habeat speciem peccati,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2294 dimittendum est semper propter proximi caritatem, ex qua
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2295 unusquisque conatur saluti proximi providere; et sic qui non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2296 dimittit contra caritatem agit. Potest tamen esse scandalum activum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2297 sine peccato alterius qui scandalizatur, sicut supra dictum
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2298 est.</p><p title="II-II q. 43 a. 2 ad 1"><a name="40724"><span class="ref">[40724] IIª-IIae q. 43 a. 2 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2299 ergo dicendum quod hoc quod dicitur, necesse est ut veniant
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2300 scandala, non est intelligendum de necessitate absoluta, sed de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2301 necessitate conditionali, qua scilicet necesse est praescita vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2302 praenuntiata a Deo evenire, si tamen coniunctim accipiatur, ut in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2303 primo libro dictum est. Vel necesse est evenire scandala
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2304 necessitate finis, quia utilia sunt ad hoc quod qui probati sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2305 manifesti fiant. Vel necesse est evenire scandala secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2306 conditionem hominum, qui sibi a peccatis non cavent. Sicut si
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2307 aliquis medicus, videns aliquos indebita diaeta utentes, dicat,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2308 necesse est tales infirmari, quod intelligendum est sub hac
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2309 conditione, si diaetam non mutent. Et similiter necesse est evenire
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2310 scandala si homines conversationem malam non mutent.</p><p title="II-II q. 43 a. 2 ad 2"><a name="40725"><span class="ref">[40725] IIª-IIae q. 43 a. 2 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2311 dicendum quod scandalum ibi large ponitur pro quolibet impedimento.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2312 Volebat enim Petrus Christi passionem impedire, quodam pietatis
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2313 affectu ad Christum.</p><p title="II-II q. 43 a. 2 ad 3"><a name="40726"><span class="ref">[40726] IIª-IIae q. 43 a. 2 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2314 dicendum quod nullus impingit spiritualiter nisi retardetur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2315 aliqualiter a processu in via Dei, quod fit saltem per peccatum
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2316 veniale.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 3</h3><p title="II-II q. 43 a. 3 arg. 1"><a name="40727"><span class="ref">[40727] IIª-IIae q. 43 a. 3 arg. 1</span></a> Ad tertium
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2317 sic proceditur. Videtur quod scandalum non sit speciale peccatum.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2318 Scandalum enim est dictum vel factum minus rectum. Sed omne
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2319 peccatum est huiusmodi. Ergo omne peccatum est scandalum. Non ergo
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2320 scandalum est speciale peccatum.</p><p title="II-II q. 43 a. 3 arg. 2"><a name="40728"><span class="ref">[40728] IIª-IIae q. 43 a. 3 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2321 omne speciale peccatum, sive omnis specialis iniustitia, invenitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2322 separatim ab aliis; ut dicitur in V Ethic. Sed scandalum non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2323 invenitur separatim ab aliis peccatis. Ergo scandalum non est
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2324 speciale peccatum.</p><p title="II-II q. 43 a. 3 arg. 3"><a name="40729"><span class="ref">[40729] IIª-IIae q. 43 a. 3 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2325 omne speciale peccatum constituitur secundum aliquid quod dat
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2326 speciem morali actui. Sed ratio scandali constituitur per hoc quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2327 coram aliis peccatur. In manifesto autem peccare, etsi sit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2328 circumstantia aggravans, non videtur constituere peccati speciem.
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2329 Ergo scandalum non est speciale peccatum.</p><p title="II-II q. 43 a. 3 s. c."><a name="40730"><span class="ref">[40730] IIª-IIae q. 43 a. 3 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2330 speciali virtuti speciale peccatum opponitur. Sed scandalum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2331 opponitur speciali virtuti, scilicet caritati, dicitur enim Rom.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2332 XIV, <i>si propter cibum frater tuus contristatur, iam non secundum
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2333 caritatem ambulas</i>. Ergo scandalum est speciale peccatum.</p><p title="II-II q. 43 a. 3 co."><a name="40731"><span class="ref">[40731] IIª-IIae q. 43 a. 3 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2334 dicendum quod, sicut supra dictum est, duplex est scandalum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2335 activum scilicet, et passivum. Passivum quidem scandalum non potest
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2336 esse speciale peccatum, quia ex dicto vel facto alterius aliquem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2337 ruere contingit secundum quodcumque genus peccati; nec hoc ipsum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2338 quod est occasionem peccandi sumere ex dicto vel facto alterius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2339 specialem rationem peccati constituit, quia non importat specialem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2340 deformitatem speciali virtuti oppositam. Scandalum autem activum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2341 potest accipi dupliciter, per se scilicet, et per accidens. Per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2342 accidens quidem, quando est praeter intentionem agentis, ut puta
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2343 cum aliquis suo facto vel verbo inordinato non intendit alteri dare
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2344 occasionem ruinae, sed solum suae satisfacere voluntati. Et sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2345 etiam scandalum activum non est peccatum speciale, quia quod est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2346 per accidens non constituit speciem. Per se autem est activum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2347 scandalum quando aliquis suo inordinato dicto vel facto intendit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2348 alium trahere ad peccatum. Et sic ex intentione specialis finis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2349 sortitur rationem specialis peccati, finis enim dat speciem in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2350 moralibus, ut supra dictum est. Unde sicut furtum est speciale
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2351 peccatum, aut homicidium, propter speciale nocumentum proximi quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2352 intenditur; ita etiam scandalum est speciale peccatum, propter hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2353 quod intenditur speciale proximi nocumentum. Et opponitur directe
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2354 correctioni fraternae, in qua attenditur specialis nocumenti
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2355 remotio.</p><p title="II-II q. 43 a. 3 ad 1"><a name="40732"><span class="ref">[40732] IIª-IIae q. 43 a. 3 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2356 ergo dicendum quod omne peccatum potest materialiter se habere ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2357 scandalum activum. Sed formalem rationem specialis peccati potest
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2358 habere ex intentione finis, ut dictum est.</p><p title="II-II q. 43 a. 3 ad 2"><a name="40733"><span class="ref">[40733] IIª-IIae q. 43 a. 3 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2359 dicendum quod scandalum activum potest inveniri separatim ab aliis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2360 peccatis, ut puta cum aliquis proximum scandalizat facto quod de se
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2361 non est peccatum, sed habet speciem mali.</p><p title="II-II q. 43 a. 3 ad 3"><a name="40734"><span class="ref">[40734] IIª-IIae q. 43 a. 3 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2362 dicendum quod scandalum non habet rationem specialis peccati ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2363 praedicta circumstantia, sed ex intentione finis, ut dictum
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2364 est.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 4</h3><p title="II-II q. 43 a. 4 arg. 1"><a name="40735"><span class="ref">[40735] IIª-IIae q. 43 a. 4 arg. 1</span></a> Ad quartum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2365 sic proceditur. Videtur quod scandalum sit peccatum mortale. Omne
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2366 enim peccatum quod contrariatur caritati est peccatum mortale, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2367 supra dictum est. Sed scandalum contrariatur caritati, ut dictum
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2368 est. Ergo scandalum est peccatum mortale.</p><p title="II-II q. 43 a. 4 arg. 2"><a name="40736"><span class="ref">[40736] IIª-IIae q. 43 a. 4 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2369 nulli peccato debetur poena damnationis aeternae nisi mortali. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2370 scandalo debetur poena damnationis aeternae, secundum illud Matth.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2371 XVIII, <i>qui scandalizaverit unum de pusillis istis qui in me
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2372 credunt, expedit ei ut suspendatur mola asinaria in collo eius et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2373 demergatur in profundum maris</i>. Quia, ut dicit Hieronymus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2374 <i>multo melius est pro culpa brevem recipere poenam quam aeternis
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2375 servari cruciatibus</i>. Ergo scandalum est peccatum mortale.</p><p title="II-II q. 43 a. 4 arg. 3"><a name="40737"><span class="ref">[40737] IIª-IIae q. 43 a. 4 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2376 omne peccatum quod in Deum committitur est peccatum mortale, quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2377 solum peccatum mortale avertit hominem a Deo. Sed scandalum est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2378 peccatum in Deum, dicit enim apostolus, I ad Cor. VIII,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2379 <i>percutientes conscientiam fratrum infirmam, in Christum
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2380 peccatis</i>. Ergo scandalum semper est peccatum mortale.</p><p title="II-II q. 43 a. 4 s. c."><a name="40738"><span class="ref">[40738] IIª-IIae q. 43 a. 4 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2381 inducere aliquem ad peccandum venialiter potest esse peccatum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2382 veniale. Sed hoc pertinet ad rationem scandali. Ergo scandalum
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2383 potest esse peccatum veniale.</p><p title="II-II q. 43 a. 4 co."><a name="40739"><span class="ref">[40739] IIª-IIae q. 43 a. 4 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2384 dicendum quod, sicut supra dictum est, scandalum importat
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2385 impactionem quandam, per quam aliquis disponitur ad ruinam. Et ideo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2386 scandalum passivum quandoque quidem potest esse peccatum veniale,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2387 quasi habens impactionem tantum, puta cum aliquis ex inordinato
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2388 dicto vel facto alterius commovetur motu venialis peccati.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2389 Quandoque vero est peccatum mortale, quasi habens cum impactione
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2390 ruinam, puta cum aliquis ex inordinato dicto vel facto alterius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2391 procedit usque ad peccatum mortale. Scandalum autem activum, si sit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2392 quidem per accidens, potest esse quandoque quidem peccatum veniale,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2393 puta cum aliquis vel actum peccati venialis committit; vel actum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2394 qui non est secundum se peccatum sed habet aliquam speciem mali,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2395 cum aliqua levi indiscretione. Quandoque vero est peccatum mortale,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2396 sive quia committit actum peccati mortalis; sive quia contemnit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2397 salutem proximi, ut pro ea conservanda non praetermittat aliquis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2398 facere quod sibi libuerit. Si vero scandalum activum sit per se,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2399 puta cum intendit inducere alium ad peccandum, si quidem intendat
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2400 inducere ad peccandum mortaliter, est peccatum mortale. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2401 similiter si intendat inducere ad peccandum venialiter per actum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2402 peccati mortalis. Si vero intendat inducere proximum ad peccandum
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2403 venialiter per actum peccati venialis, est peccatum veniale.</p><p title="II-II q. 43 a. 4 ad arg."><a name="40740"><span class="ref">[40740] IIª-IIae q. 43 a. 4 ad arg.</span></a> Et per
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2404 hoc patet responsio ad obiecta.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 5</h3><p title="II-II q. 43 a. 5 arg. 1"><a name="40741"><span class="ref">[40741] IIª-IIae q. 43 a. 5 arg. 1</span></a> Ad quintum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2405 sic proceditur. Videtur quod scandalum passivum possit etiam in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2406 perfectos cadere. Christus enim fuit maxime perfectus. Sed ipse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2407 dixit Petro, <i>scandalum mihi es</i>. Ergo multo magis alii
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2408 perfecti possunt scandalum pati.</p><p title="II-II q. 43 a. 5 arg. 2"><a name="40742"><span class="ref">[40742] IIª-IIae q. 43 a. 5 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2409 scandalum importat impedimentum aliquod quod alicui opponitur in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2410 vita spirituali. Sed etiam perfecti viri in processibus spiritualis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2411 vitae impediri possunt, secundum illud I ad Thess. II, <i>voluimus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2412 venire ad vos, ego quidem Paulus, semel et iterum, sed impedivit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2413 nos Satanas</i>. Ergo etiam perfecti viri possunt scandalum
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2414 pati.</p><p title="II-II q. 43 a. 5 arg. 3"><a name="40743"><span class="ref">[40743] IIª-IIae q. 43 a. 5 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2415 etiam in perfectis viris peccata venialia inveniri possunt,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2416 secundum illud I Ioan. I, <i>si dixerimus quoniam peccatum non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2417 habemus, ipsi nos seducimus</i>. Sed scandalum passivum non semper
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2418 est peccatum mortale, sed quandoque veniale, ut dictum est. Ergo
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2419 scandalum passivum potest in perfectis viris inveniri.</p><p title="II-II q. 43 a. 5 s. c."><a name="40744"><span class="ref">[40744] IIª-IIae q. 43 a. 5 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2420 est quod super illud Matth. XVIII, <i>qui scandalizaverit unum de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2421 pusillis istis</i>, dicit Hieronymus, <i>nota quod qui
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2422 scandalizatur parvulus est, maiores enim scandala non
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2423 recipiunt</i>.</p><p title="II-II q. 43 a. 5 co."><a name="40745"><span class="ref">[40745] IIª-IIae q. 43 a. 5 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2424 dicendum quod scandalum passivum importat quandam commotionem animi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2425 a bono in eo qui scandalum patitur. Nullus autem commovetur qui rei
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2426 immobili firmiter inhaeret. Maiores autem, sive perfecti, soli Deo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2427 inhaerent, cuius est immutabilis bonitas, quia etsi inhaereant suis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2428 praelatis, non inhaerent eis nisi inquantum illi inhaerent Christo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2429 secundum illud I ad Cor. IV, <i>imitatores mei estote, sicut et ego
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2430 Christi</i>. Unde quantumcumque videant alios inordinate se habere
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2431 dictis vel factis, ipsi a sua rectitudine non recedunt, secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2432 illud Psalm., <i>qui confidunt in domino, sicut mons Sion, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2433 commovebitur in aeternum qui habitat in Ierusalem</i>. Et ideo in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2434 his qui perfecte Deo adhaerent per amorem scandalum non invenitur,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2435 secundum illud Psalm., <i>pax multa diligentibus legem tuam, et non
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2436 est illis scandalum</i>.</p><p title="II-II q. 43 a. 5 ad 1"><a name="40746"><span class="ref">[40746] IIª-IIae q. 43 a. 5 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2437 ergo dicendum quod, sicut supra dictum est, scandalum large ponitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2438 ibi pro quolibet impedimento. Unde dominus Petro dicit, scandalum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2439 mihi es, quia nitebatur eius propositum impedire circa passionem
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2440 subeundam.</p><p title="II-II q. 43 a. 5 ad 2"><a name="40747"><span class="ref">[40747] IIª-IIae q. 43 a. 5 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2441 dicendum quod in exterioribus actibus perfecti viri possunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2442 impediri. Sed in interiori voluntate per dicta vel facta aliorum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2443 non impediuntur quominus tendant in Deum, secundum illud Rom. VIII,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2444 <i>neque mors neque vita poterit nos separare a caritate
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2445 Dei</i>.</p><p title="II-II q. 43 a. 5 ad 3"><a name="40748"><span class="ref">[40748] IIª-IIae q. 43 a. 5 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2446 dicendum quod perfecti viri ex infirmitate carnis incidunt interdum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2447 in aliqua peccata venialia, non autem ex aliorum dictis vel factis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2448 scandalizantur secundum veram scandali rationem. Sed potest esse in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2449 eis quaedam appropinquatio ad scandalum, secundum illud Psalm.,
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2450 <i>mei pene moti sunt pedes</i>.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 6</h3><p title="II-II q. 43 a. 6 arg. 1"><a name="40749"><span class="ref">[40749] IIª-IIae q. 43 a. 6 arg. 1</span></a> Ad sextum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2451 sic proceditur. Videtur quod scandalum activum possit inveniri in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2452 viris perfectis. Passio enim est effectus actionis. Sed ex dictis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2453 vel factis perfectorum aliqui passive scandalizantur, secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2454 illud Matth. XV, <i>scis quia Pharisaei, audito hoc verbo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2455 scandalizati sunt?</i> Ergo in perfectis viris potest inveniri
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2456 scandalum activum.</p><p title="II-II q. 43 a. 6 arg. 2"><a name="40750"><span class="ref">[40750] IIª-IIae q. 43 a. 6 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2457 Petrus post acceptum spiritum sanctum in statu perfectorum erat.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2458 Sed postea gentiles scandalizavit, dicitur enim ad Gal. II, <i>cum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2459 vidissem quod non recte ambularent ad veritatem Evangelii</i>, dixi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2460 Cephae, idest Petro, coram omnibus, <i>si tu cum Iudaeus sis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2461 gentiliter et non Iudaice vivis, quomodo gentes cogis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2462 iudaizare?</i> Ergo scandalum activum potest esse in viris
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2463 perfectis.</p><p title="II-II q. 43 a. 6 arg. 3"><a name="40751"><span class="ref">[40751] IIª-IIae q. 43 a. 6 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2464 scandalum activum quandoque est peccatum veniale. Sed peccata
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2465 venialia possunt etiam esse in viris perfectis. Ergo scandalum
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2466 activum potest esse in viris perfectis.</p><p title="II-II q. 43 a. 6 s. c."><a name="40752"><span class="ref">[40752] IIª-IIae q. 43 a. 6 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2467 plus repugnat perfectioni scandalum activum quam passivum. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2468 scandalum passivum non potest esse in viris perfectis. Ergo multo
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2469 minus scandalum activum.</p><p title="II-II q. 43 a. 6 co."><a name="40753"><span class="ref">[40753] IIª-IIae q. 43 a. 6 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2470 dicendum quod scandalum activum proprie est cum aliquis tale
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2471 aliquid dicit vel facit quod de se tale est ut alterum natum sit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2472 inducere ad ruinam, quod quidem est solum id quod inordinate fit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2473 vel dicitur. Ad perfectos autem pertinet ea quae agunt secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2474 regulam rationis ordinare, secundum illud I ad Cor. XIV, <i>omnia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2475 honeste et secundum ordinem fiant in vobis</i>. Et praecipue hanc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2476 cautelam adhibent in his in quibus non solum ipsi offenderent, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2477 etiam aliis offensionem pararent. Et si quidem in eorum manifestis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2478 dictis vel factis aliquid ab hac moderatione desit, hoc provenit ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2479 infirmitate humana, secundum quam a perfectione deficiunt. Non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2480 tamen intantum deficiunt ut multum ab ordine rationis recedatur,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2481 sed modicum et leviter, quod non est tam magnum ut ex hoc
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2482 rationabiliter possit ab alio sumi peccandi occasio.</p><p title="II-II q. 43 a. 6 ad 1"><a name="40754"><span class="ref">[40754] IIª-IIae q. 43 a. 6 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2483 ergo dicendum quod scandalum passivum semper ab aliquo activo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2484 causatur, sed non semper ab aliquo scandalo activo alterius, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2485 eiusdem qui scandalizatur; quia scilicet ipse seipsum
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2486 scandalizat.</p><p title="II-II q. 43 a. 6 ad 2"><a name="40755"><span class="ref">[40755] IIª-IIae q. 43 a. 6 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2487 dicendum quod Petrus peccavit quidem, et reprehensibilis fuit,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2488 secundum sententiam Augustini et ipsius Pauli, subtrahens se a
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2489 gentilibus ut vitaret scandalum Iudaeorum, quia hoc incaute
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2490 aliqualiter faciebat, ita quod ex hoc gentiles ad fidem conversi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2491 scandalizabantur. Non tamen factum Petri erat tam grave peccatum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2492 quod merito possent alii scandalizari. Unde patiebantur scandalum
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2493 passivum, non autem erat in Petro scandalum activum.</p><p title="II-II q. 43 a. 6 ad 3"><a name="40756"><span class="ref">[40756] IIª-IIae q. 43 a. 6 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2494 dicendum quod peccata venialia perfectorum praecipue consistunt in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2495 subitis motibus, qui, cum sint occulti, scandalizare non possunt.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2496 Si qua vero etiam in exterioribus dictis vel factis venialia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2497 peccata committant, tam levia sunt ut de se scandalizandi virtutem
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2498 non habeant.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 7</h3><p title="II-II q. 43 a. 7 arg. 1"><a name="40757"><span class="ref">[40757] IIª-IIae q. 43 a. 7 arg. 1</span></a> Ad
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2499 septimum sic proceditur. Videtur quod bona spiritualia sint propter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2500 scandalum dimittenda. Augustinus enim, in libro contra epistolam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2501 Parmen., docet quod ubi schismatis periculum timetur, a punitione
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2502 peccatorum cessandum est. Sed punitio peccatorum est quoddam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2503 spirituale, cum sit actus iustitiae. Ergo bonum spirituale est
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2504 propter scandalum dimittendum.</p><p title="II-II q. 43 a. 7 arg. 2"><a name="40758"><span class="ref">[40758] IIª-IIae q. 43 a. 7 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2505 sacra doctrina maxime videtur esse spiritualis. Sed ab ea est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2506 cessandum propter scandalum, secundum illud Matth. VII, <i>nolite
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2507 sanctum dare canibus, neque margaritas vestras spargatis ante
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2508 porcos, ne conversi dirumpant vos</i>. Ergo bonum spirituale est
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2509 dimittendum propter scandalum.</p><p title="II-II q. 43 a. 7 arg. 3"><a name="40759"><span class="ref">[40759] IIª-IIae q. 43 a. 7 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2510 correctio fraterna, cum sit actus caritatis, est quoddam spirituale
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2511 bonum. Sed interdum ex caritate dimittitur, ad vitandum scandalum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2512 aliorum; ut Augustinus dicit, in I de Civ. Dei. Ergo bonum
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2513 spirituale est propter scandalum dimittendum.</p><p title="II-II q. 43 a. 7 arg. 4"><a name="40760"><span class="ref">[40760] IIª-IIae q. 43 a. 7 arg. 4</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2514 Hieronymus dicit quod dimittendum est propter scandalum omne quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2515 potest praetermitti salva triplici veritate, scilicet vitae,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2516 iustitiae et doctrinae. Sed impletio consiliorum, et largitio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2517 eleemosynarum, multoties potest praetermitti salva triplici
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2518 veritate praedicta, alioquin semper peccarent omnes qui
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2519 praetermittunt. Et tamen haec sunt maxima inter spiritualia opera.
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2520 Ergo spiritualia opera debent praetermitti propter scandalum.</p><p title="II-II q. 43 a. 7 arg. 5"><a name="40761"><span class="ref">[40761] IIª-IIae q. 43 a. 7 arg. 5</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2521 vitatio cuiuslibet peccati est quoddam spirituale bonum, quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2522 quodlibet peccatum affert peccanti aliquod spirituale detrimentum.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2523 Sed videtur quod pro scandalo proximi vitando debeat aliquis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2524 quandoque peccare venialiter, puta cum peccando venialiter impedit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2525 peccatum mortale alterius, debet enim homo impedire damnationem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2526 proximi quantum potest sine detrimento propriae salutis, quae non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2527 tollitur per peccatum veniale. Ergo aliquod bonum spirituale debet
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2528 homo praetermittere propter scandalum vitandum.</p><p title="II-II q. 43 a. 7 s. c."><a name="40762"><span class="ref">[40762] IIª-IIae q. 43 a. 7 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2529 est quod Gregorius dicit, super Ezech., <i>si de veritate scandalum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2530 sumitur, utilius nasci permittitur scandalum quam veritas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2531 relinquatur</i>. Sed bona spiritualia maxime pertinent ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2532 veritatem. Ergo bona spiritualia non sunt propter scandalum
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2533 dimittenda.</p><p title="II-II q. 43 a. 7 co."><a name="40763"><span class="ref">[40763] IIª-IIae q. 43 a. 7 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2534 dicendum quod, cum duplex sit scandalum, activum scilicet et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2535 passivum, quaestio ista non habet locum de scandalo activo, quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2536 cum scandalum activum sit dictum vel factum minus rectum, nihil est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2537 cum scandalo activo faciendum. Habet autem locum quaestio si
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2538 intelligatur de scandalo passivo. Considerandum est igitur quid sit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2539 dimittendum ne alius scandalizetur. Est autem in spiritualibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2540 bonis distinguendum. Nam quaedam horum sunt de necessitate salutis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2541 quae praetermitti non possunt sine peccato mortali. Manifestum est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2542 autem quod nullus debet mortaliter peccare ut alterius peccatum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2543 impediat, quia secundum ordinem caritatis plus debet homo suam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2544 salutem spiritualem diligere quam alterius. Et ideo ea quae sunt de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2545 necessitate salutis praetermitti non debent propter scandalum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2546 vitandum. In his autem spiritualibus bonis quae non sunt de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2547 necessitate salutis videtur distinguendum. Quia scandalum quod ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2548 eis oritur quandoque ex malitia procedit, cum scilicet aliqui
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2549 volunt impedire huiusmodi spiritualia bona, scandala concitando, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2550 hoc est scandalum Pharisaeorum, qui de doctrina domini
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2551 scandalizabantur. Quod esse contemnendum dominus docet, Matth. XV.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2552 Quandoque vero scandalum procedit ex infirmitate vel ignorantia, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2553 huiusmodi est scandalum pusillorum. Propter quod sunt spiritualia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2554 opera vel occultanda, vel etiam interdum differenda, ubi periculum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2555 non imminet, quousque, reddita ratione, huiusmodi scandalum cesset.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2556 Si autem post redditam rationem huiusmodi scandalum duret, iam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2557 videtur ex malitia esse, et sic propter ipsum non sunt huiusmodi
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2558 spiritualia opera dimittenda.</p><p title="II-II q. 43 a. 7 ad 1"><a name="40764"><span class="ref">[40764] IIª-IIae q. 43 a. 7 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2559 ergo dicendum quod poenarum inflictio non est propter se expetenda,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2560 sed poenae infliguntur ut medicinae quaedam ad cohibendum peccata.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2561 Et ideo intantum habent rationem iustitiae inquantum per eas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2562 peccata cohibentur. Si autem per inflictionem poenarum manifestum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2563 sit plura et maiora peccata sequi, tunc poenarum inflictio non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2564 continebitur sub iustitia. Et in hoc casu loquitur Augustinus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2565 quando scilicet ex excommunicatione aliquorum imminet periculum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2566 schismatis, tunc enim excommunicationem ferre non pertineret ad
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2567 veritatem iustitiae.</p><p title="II-II q. 43 a. 7 ad 2"><a name="40765"><span class="ref">[40765] IIª-IIae q. 43 a. 7 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2568 dicendum quod circa doctrinam duo sunt consideranda, scilicet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2569 veritas quae docetur; et ipse actus docendi. Quorum primum est de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2570 necessitate salutis, ut scilicet contrarium veritati non doceat,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2571 sed veritatem secundum congruentiam temporis et personarum proponat
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2572 ille cui incumbit docendi officium. Et ideo propter nullum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2573 scandalum quod sequi videatur debet homo, praetermissa veritate,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2574 falsitatem docere. Sed ipse actus docendi inter spirituales
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2575 eleemosynas computatur, ut supra dictum est. Et ideo eadem ratio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2576 est de doctrina et de aliis misericordiae operibus, de quibus
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2577 postea dicetur.</p><p title="II-II q. 43 a. 7 ad 3"><a name="40766"><span class="ref">[40766] IIª-IIae q. 43 a. 7 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2578 dicendum quod correctio fraterna, sicut supra dictum est, ordinatur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2579 ad emendationem fratris. Et ideo intantum computanda est inter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2580 spiritualia bona inquantum hoc consequi potest. Quod non contingit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2581 si ex correctione frater scandalizetur. Et ideo si propter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2582 scandalum correctio dimittatur, non dimittitur spirituale
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2583 bonum.</p><p title="II-II q. 43 a. 7 ad 4"><a name="40767"><span class="ref">[40767] IIª-IIae q. 43 a. 7 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2584 dicendum quod in veritate vitae, doctrinae et iustitiae non solum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2585 comprehenditur id quod est de necessitate salutis, sed etiam id per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2586 quod perfectius pervenitur ad salutem, secundum illud I ad Cor.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2587 XII, <i>aemulamini charismata meliora</i>. Unde etiam consilia non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2588 sunt simpliciter praetermittenda, nec etiam misericordiae opera,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2589 propter scandalum, sed sunt interdum occultanda vel differenda
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2590 propter scandalum pusillorum, ut dictum est. Quandoque tamen
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2591 consiliorum observatio et impletio operum misericordiae sunt de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2592 necessitate salutis. Quod patet in his qui iam voverunt consilia;
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2593 et in his quibus ex debito imminet defectibus aliorum subvenire,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2594 vel in temporalibus, puta pascendo esurientem, vel in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2595 spiritualibus, puta docendo ignorantem; sive huiusmodi fiant debita
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2596 propter iniunctum officium, ut patet in praelatis, sive propter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2597 necessitatem indigentis. Et tunc eadem ratio est de huiusmodi sicut
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2598 de aliis quae sunt de necessitate salutis.</p><p title="II-II q. 43 a. 7 ad 5"><a name="40768"><span class="ref">[40768] IIª-IIae q. 43 a. 7 ad 5</span></a> Ad quintum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2599 dicendum quod quidam dixerunt quod peccatum veniale est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2600 committendum propter vitandum scandalum. Sed hoc implicat
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2601 contraria, si enim faciendum est, iam non est malum neque peccatum;
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2602 nam peccatum non potest esse eligibile. Contingit tamen aliquid
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2603 propter aliquam circumstantiam non esse peccatum veniale quod, illa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2604 circumstantia sublata, peccatum veniale esset, sicut verbum iocosum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2605 est peccatum veniale quando absque utilitate dicitur; si autem ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2606 causa rationabili proferatur, non est otiosum neque peccatum.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2607 Quamvis autem per peccatum veniale gratia non tollatur, per quam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2608 est hominis salus; inquantum tamen veniale disponit ad mortale,
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2609 vergit in detrimentum salutis.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 8</h3><p title="II-II q. 43 a. 8 arg. 1"><a name="40769"><span class="ref">[40769] IIª-IIae q. 43 a. 8 arg. 1</span></a> Ad octavum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2610 sic proceditur. Videtur quod temporalia sint dimittenda propter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2611 scandalum. Magis enim debemus diligere spiritualem salutem proximi,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2612 quae impeditur per scandalum, quam quaecumque temporalia bona. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2613 id quod minus diligimus dimittimus propter id quod magis diligimus.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2614 Ergo temporalia magis debemus dimittere ad vitandum scandalum
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2615 proximorum.</p><p title="II-II q. 43 a. 8 arg. 2"><a name="40770"><span class="ref">[40770] IIª-IIae q. 43 a. 8 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2616 secundum regulam Hieronymi, omnia quae possunt praetermitti salva
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2617 triplici veritate, sunt propter scandalum dimittenda. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2618 temporalia possunt praetermitti salva triplici veritate. Ergo sunt
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2619 propter scandalum dimittenda.</p><p title="II-II q. 43 a. 8 arg. 3"><a name="40771"><span class="ref">[40771] IIª-IIae q. 43 a. 8 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2620 in temporalibus bonis nihil est magis necessarium quam cibus. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2621 cibus est praetermittendus propter scandalum, secundum illud Rom.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2622 XIV, <i>noli cibo tuo illum perdere pro quo Christus mortuus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2623 est</i>. Ergo multo magis omnia alia temporalia sunt propter
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2624 scandalum dimittenda.</p><p title="II-II q. 43 a. 8 arg. 4"><a name="40772"><span class="ref">[40772] IIª-IIae q. 43 a. 8 arg. 4</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2625 temporalia nullo convenientiori modo conservare aut recuperare
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2626 possumus quam per iudicium. Sed iudiciis uti non licet, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2627 praecipue cum scandalo, dicitur enim Matth. V, <i>ei qui vult tecum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2628 in iudicio contendere et tunicam tuam tollere, dimitte ei et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2629 pallium</i>; et I ad Cor. VI, <i>iam quidem omnino delictum est in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2630 vobis quod iudicia habetis inter vos. Quare non magis iniuriam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2631 accipitis? Quare non magis fraudem patimini?</i> Ergo videtur quod
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2632 temporalia sint propter scandalum dimittenda.</p><p title="II-II q. 43 a. 8 arg. 5"><a name="40773"><span class="ref">[40773] IIª-IIae q. 43 a. 8 arg. 5</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2633 inter omnia temporalia minus videntur dimittenda quae sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2634 spiritualibus annexa. Sed ista sunt propter scandalum dimittenda,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2635 apostolus enim, seminans spiritualia, temporalia stipendia non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2636 accepit, ne offendiculum daret Evangelio Christi, ut patet I ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2637 Cor. IX; et ex simili causa Ecclesia in aliquibus terris non exigit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2638 decimas, propter scandalum vitandum. Ergo multo magis alia
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2639 temporalia sunt propter scandalum dimittenda.</p><p title="II-II q. 43 a. 8 s. c."><a name="40774"><span class="ref">[40774] IIª-IIae q. 43 a. 8 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2640 est quod beatus Thomas Cantuariensis repetiit res Ecclesiae cum
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2641 scandalo regis.</p><p title="II-II q. 43 a. 8 co."><a name="40775"><span class="ref">[40775] IIª-IIae q. 43 a. 8 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2642 dicendum quod circa temporalia bona distinguendum est. Aut enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2643 sunt nostra, aut sunt nobis ad conservandum pro aliis commissa;
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2644 sicut bona Ecclesiae committuntur praelatis, et bona communia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2645 quibuscumque reipublicae rectoribus. Et talium conservatio, sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2646 et depositorum, imminet his quibus sunt commissa ex necessitate. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2647 ideo non sunt propter scandalum dimittenda, sicut nec alia quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2648 sunt de necessitate salutis. Temporalia vero quorum nos sumus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2649 domini dimittere, ea tribuendo si penes nos ea habeamus, vel non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2650 repetendo si apud alios sint, propter scandalum quandoque quidem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2651 debemus, quandoque autem non. Si enim scandalum ex hoc oriatur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2652 propter ignorantiam vel infirmitatem aliorum, quod supra diximus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2653 esse scandalum pusillorum; tunc vel totaliter dimittenda sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2654 temporalia; vel aliter scandalum sedandum, scilicet per aliquam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2655 admonitionem. Unde Augustinus dicit, in libro de Serm. Dom. in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2656 monte, <i>dandum est quod nec tibi nec alteri noceat, quantum ab
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2657 homine credi potest. Et cum negaveris quod petit, indicanda est ei
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2658 iustitia, et melius ei aliquid dabis, cum petentem iniuste
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2659 correxeris</i>. Aliquando vero scandalum nascitur ex malitia, quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2660 est scandalum Pharisaeorum. Et propter eos qui sic scandala
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2661 concitant non sunt temporalia dimittenda, quia hoc et noceret bono
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2662 communi, daretur enim malis rapiendi occasio; et noceret ipsis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2663 rapientibus, qui retinendo aliena in peccato remanerent. Unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2664 Gregorius dicit, in Moral., <i>quidam, dum temporalia nobis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2665 rapiunt, solummodo sunt tolerandi, quidam vero, servata aequitate,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2666 prohibendi; non sola cura ne nostra subtrahantur, sed ne rapientes
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2667 non sua semetipsos perdant</i>.</p><p title="II-II q. 43 a. 8 ad 1"><a name="40776"><span class="ref">[40776] IIª-IIae q. 43 a. 8 ad 1</span></a> Et per hoc
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2668 patet solutio ad primum.</p><p title="II-II q. 43 a. 8 ad 2"><a name="40777"><span class="ref">[40777] IIª-IIae q. 43 a. 8 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2669 dicendum quod si passim permitteretur malis hominibus ut aliena
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2670 raperent, vergeret hoc in detrimentum veritatis vitae et iustitiae.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2671 Et ideo non oportet propter quodcumque scandalum temporalia
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2672 dimitti.</p><p title="II-II q. 43 a. 8 ad 3"><a name="40778"><span class="ref">[40778] IIª-IIae q. 43 a. 8 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2673 dicendum quod non est de intentione apostoli monere quod cibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2674 totaliter propter scandalum dimittatur, quia sumere cibum est de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2675 necessitate salutis. Sed talis cibus est propter scandalum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2676 dimittendus, secundum illud I ad Cor. VIII, <i>non manducabo carnem
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2677 in aeternum, ne fratrem meum scandalizem</i>.</p><p title="II-II q. 43 a. 8 ad 4"><a name="40779"><span class="ref">[40779] IIª-IIae q. 43 a. 8 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2678 dicendum quod secundum Augustinum, in libro de Serm. Dom. in monte,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2679 illud praeceptum domini est intelligendum secundum praeparationem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2680 animi, ut scilicet homo sit paratus prius pati iniuriam vel fraudem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2681 quam iudicium subire, si hoc expediat. Quandoque tamen non expedit,
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2682 ut dictum est. Et similiter intelligendum est verbum apostoli.</p><p title="II-II q. 43 a. 8 ad 5"><a name="40780"><span class="ref">[40780] IIª-IIae q. 43 a. 8 ad 5</span></a> Ad quintum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2683 dicendum quod scandalum quod vitabat apostolus ex ignorantia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2684 procedebat gentilium, qui hoc non consueverant. Et ideo ad tempus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2685 abstinendum erat, ut prius instruerentur hoc esse debitum. Et ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2686 simili causa Ecclesia abstinet de decimis exigendis in terris in
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2687 quibus non est consuetum decimas solvere.</p></div></div><div class="centro"><br/>
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2688 <p><a href="sth3027.html"><img alt="age retro" border="0" align="middle" height="19" width="19" src="icons/ageretro.gif"/></a>
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2689 <a href="sth3044.html"><img alt="age ultra" border="0" align="middle" height="19" width="19" src="icons/ageultra.gif"/></a></p>
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2690 <br/>
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2691 <hr/>
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2692 <br/>
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2693 <address>© 2006 Fundación Tomás de Aquino quoad
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2694 hanc editionem<br/>
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2695 Iura omnia asservantur<br/>
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2696 OCLC nr. <a style="text-decoration=none" href="http://worldcatlibraries.org/wcpa/oclc/49644264">49644264</a></address>
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2697 </div></body>
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2698 </html>

Mercurial > hg > Aquinas

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