annotate summa/latin/sth2085.html @ 53:d777cc3962f2

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date Mon, 28 Dec 2009 13:00:58 +0000
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1 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
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2 <!DOCTYPE html
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3 PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "file:///c:/cygwin/usr/local/share/lib/xml/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
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4 <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="LA" lang="LA">
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5 <head>
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6 <meta content="HTML Tidy for Windows (vers 1st February 2005), see www.w3.org" name="generator"/>
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9 <meta content="text/javascript" http-equiv="Content-Script-Type"/>
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10 <meta content="Thomas de Aquino, Summa Theologiae, Corpus Thomisticum" name="keywords"/>
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11 <meta content="Latin" name="language"/>
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12 <meta content="public" name="security"/>
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13 <meta content="ealarcon@unav.es" name="owner"/>
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14 <meta content="Enrique Alarcón" name="author"/>
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15 <meta content="" name="abstract"/>
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17 <link type="text/css" href="vprint.css" media="print" rel="stylesheet"/>
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18 <title>Thomas de Aquino, Summa Theologiae, Iª-IIae q.
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19 85-89</title>
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20 </head>
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21 <body><a href="http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/"/><div class="tres">CORPUS THOMISTICUM</div><div class="uno">Sancti Thomae de Aquino</div><div class="uno">Summa Theologiae</div><div class="dos">prima pars secundae partis a quaestione LXXXV ad
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22 LXXXIX</div><div class="centro">
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23 <table summary="Imago" align="center">
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24 <tr>
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25 <th><img align="middle" alt="Thomas de Aquino a Filippino Lippi depictus (Cappella Carafa, S. Maria sopra Minerva, Roma)" border="0" height="190" width="275" src="icons/fugit190.jpg"/></th>
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26 </tr>
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27 </table>
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28 <br/>
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29 <span class="tres">Textum Leoninum Romae 1892 editum<br/>
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30 ac automato translatum a Roberto Busa SJ in taenias
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31 magneticas<br/>
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32 denuo recognovit Enrique Alarcón atque instruxit<br/>
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33 <br/></span><br/>
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34 <hr/>
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35 <br/>
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36 <p><a href="sth2075.html"><img alt="age retro" border="0" align="middle" height="19" width="19" src="icons/ageretro.gif"/></a>  
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37 <a href="sth2090.html"><img alt="age ultra" border="0" align="middle" height="19" width="19" src="icons/ageultra.gif"/></a></p>
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38 <script type="text/javascript" language="JavaScript">
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39 //
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40 &lt;!--
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41 // original code by Bill Trefzger 12/12/96; revised by Enrique Alarcon 12/9/2000
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42 function go(){if(document.selecter.select1.options[document.selecter.select1.selectedIndex].value !="none"){location=document.selecter.select1.options[document.selecter.select1.selectedIndex].value}}
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45 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="none"&gt;------------------------------------------------');
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134 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#37267"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 87 a. 2 co.');
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diff changeset
135 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#37268"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 87 a. 2 ad 1');
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diff changeset
136 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#37269"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 87 a. 2 ad 2');
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diff changeset
137 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#37270"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 87 a. 2 ad 3');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
138 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#37271"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 87 a. 3 arg. 1');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
139 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#37272"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 87 a. 3 arg. 2');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
140 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#37273"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 87 a. 3 arg. 3');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
141 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#37274"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 87 a. 3 arg. 4');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
142 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#37275"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 87 a. 3 s. c.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
143 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#37276"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 87 a. 3 co.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
144 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#37277"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 87 a. 3 ad 1');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
145 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#37278"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 87 a. 3 ad 2');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
146 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#37279"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 87 a. 3 ad 3');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
147 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#37280"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 87 a. 3 ad 4');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
148 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#37281"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 87 a. 4 arg. 1');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
149 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#37282"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 87 a. 4 arg. 2');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
150 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#37283"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 87 a. 4 arg. 3');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
151 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#37284"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 87 a. 4 s. c.');
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parents: 28
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152 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#37285"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 87 a. 4 co.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
153 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#37286"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 87 a. 4 ad 1');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
154 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#37287"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 87 a. 4 ad 2');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
155 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#37288"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 87 a. 4 ad 3');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
156 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#37289"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 87 a. 5 arg. 1');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
157 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#37290"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 87 a. 5 arg. 2');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
158 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#37291"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 87 a. 5 arg. 3');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
159 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#37292"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 87 a. 5 s. c.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
160 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#37293"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 87 a. 5 co.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
161 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#37294"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 87 a. 5 ad 1');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
162 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#37295"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 87 a. 5 ad 2');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
163 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#37296"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 87 a. 5 ad 3');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
164 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#37297"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 87 a. 6 arg. 1');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
165 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#37298"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 87 a. 6 arg. 2');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
166 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#37299"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 87 a. 6 arg. 3');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
167 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#37300"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 87 a. 6 s. c.');
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parents: 28
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168 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#37301"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 87 a. 6 co.');
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parents: 28
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169 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#37302"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 87 a. 6 ad 1');
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170 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#37303"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 87 a. 6 ad 2');
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parents: 28
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171 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#37304"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 87 a. 6 ad 3');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
172 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#37305"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 87 a. 7 arg. 1');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
173 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#37306"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 87 a. 7 arg. 2');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
174 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#37307"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 87 a. 7 arg. 3');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
175 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#37308"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 87 a. 7 s. c.');
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parents: 28
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176 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#37309"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 87 a. 7 co.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
177 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#37310"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 87 a. 7 ad 1');
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parents: 28
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178 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#37311"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 87 a. 7 ad 2');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
179 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#37312"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 87 a. 7 ad 3');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
180 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#37313"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 87 a. 8 arg. 1');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
181 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#37314"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 87 a. 8 arg. 2');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
182 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#37315"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 87 a. 8 arg. 3');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
183 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#37316"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 87 a. 8 s. c.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
184 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#37317"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 87 a. 8 co.');
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parents: 28
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185 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#37318"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 87 a. 8 ad 1');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
186 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#37319"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 87 a. 8 ad 2');
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parents: 28
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187 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#37320"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 87 a. 8 ad 3');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
188 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#37321"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 88 pr.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
189 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#37322"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 88 a. 1 arg. 1');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
190 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#37323"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 88 a. 1 arg. 2');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
191 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#37324"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 88 a. 1 arg. 3');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
192 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#37325"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 88 a. 1 arg. 4');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
193 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#37326"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 88 a. 1 s. c.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
194 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#37327"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 88 a. 1 co.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
195 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#37328"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 88 a. 1 ad 1');
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parents: 28
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196 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#37329"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 88 a. 1 ad 2');
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parents: 28
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197 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#37330"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 88 a. 1 ad 3');
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parents: 28
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198 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#37331"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 88 a. 1 ad 4');
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parents: 28
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199 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#37332"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 88 a. 2 arg. 1');
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parents: 28
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200 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#37333"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 88 a. 2 arg. 2');
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parents: 28
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201 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#37334"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 88 a. 2 arg. 3');
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parents: 28
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202 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#37335"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 88 a. 2 s. c.');
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parents: 28
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203 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#37336"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 88 a. 2 co.');
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parents: 28
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204 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#37337"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 88 a. 2 ad 1');
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parents: 28
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205 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#37338"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 88 a. 2 ad 2');
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parents: 28
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206 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#37339"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 88 a. 2 ad 3');
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parents: 28
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207 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#37340"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 88 a. 3 arg. 1');
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parents: 28
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208 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#37341"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 88 a. 3 arg. 2');
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parents: 28
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209 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#37342"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 88 a. 3 arg. 3');
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parents: 28
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210 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#37343"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 88 a. 3 s. c.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
211 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#37344"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 88 a. 3 co.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
212 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#37345"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 88 a. 3 ad 1');
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parents: 28
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213 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#37346"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 88 a. 3 ad 2');
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parents: 28
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214 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#37347"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 88 a. 3 ad 3');
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parents: 28
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215 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#37348"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 88 a. 4 arg. 1');
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parents: 28
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216 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#37349"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 88 a. 4 arg. 2');
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parents: 28
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217 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#37350"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 88 a. 4 arg. 3');
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parents: 28
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218 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#37351"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 88 a. 4 arg. 4');
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parents: 28
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219 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#37352"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 88 a. 4 s. c.');
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parents: 28
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220 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#37353"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 88 a. 4 co.');
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parents: 28
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221 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#37354"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 88 a. 4 ad 1');
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parents: 28
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222 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#37355"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 88 a. 4 ad 2');
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parents: 28
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223 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#37356"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 88 a. 4 ad 3');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
224 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#37357"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 88 a. 4 ad 4');
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parents: 28
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225 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#37358"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 88 a. 5 arg. 1');
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parents: 28
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226 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#37359"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 88 a. 5 arg. 2');
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parents: 28
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227 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#37360"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 88 a. 5 arg. 3');
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parents: 28
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228 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#37361"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 88 a. 5 s. c.');
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parents: 28
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229 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#37362"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 88 a. 5 co.');
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parents: 28
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230 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#37363"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 88 a. 5 ad 1');
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parents: 28
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231 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#37364"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 88 a. 5 ad 2');
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parents: 28
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232 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#37365"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 88 a. 5 ad 3');
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parents: 28
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233 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#37366"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 88 a. 6 arg. 1');
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parents: 28
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234 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#37367"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 88 a. 6 arg. 2');
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parents: 28
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235 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#37368"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 88 a. 6 arg. 3');
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parents: 28
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236 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#37369"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 88 a. 6 s. c.');
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parents: 28
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237 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#37370"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 88 a. 6 co.');
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parents: 28
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238 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#37371"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 88 a. 6 ad 1');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
239 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#37372"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 88 a. 6 ad 2');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
240 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#37373"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 88 a. 6 ad 3');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
241 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#37374"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 89 pr.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
242 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#37375"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 89 a. 1 arg. 1');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
243 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#37376"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 89 a. 1 arg. 2');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
244 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#37377"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 89 a. 1 arg. 3');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
245 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#37378"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 89 a. 1 s. c.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
246 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#37379"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 89 a. 1 co.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
247 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#37380"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 89 a. 1 ad 1');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
248 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#37381"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 89 a. 1 ad 2');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
249 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#37382"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 89 a. 1 ad 3');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
250 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#37383"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 89 a. 2 arg. 1');
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parents: 28
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251 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#37384"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 89 a. 2 arg. 2');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
252 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#37385"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 89 a. 2 arg. 3');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
253 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#37386"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 89 a. 2 arg. 4');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
254 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#37387"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 89 a. 2 s. c.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
255 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#37388"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 89 a. 2 co.');
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parents: 28
diff changeset
256 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#37389"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 89 a. 2 ad 1');
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257 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#37390"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 89 a. 2 ad 2');
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258 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#37391"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 89 a. 2 ad 3');
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259 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#37392"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 89 a. 2 ad 4');
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260 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#37393"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 89 a. 3 arg. 1');
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261 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#37394"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 89 a. 3 arg. 2');
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262 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#37395"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 89 a. 3 arg. 3');
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263 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#37396"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 89 a. 3 s. c.');
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264 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#37397"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 89 a. 3 co.');
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265 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#37398"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 89 a. 3 ad 1');
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266 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#37399"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 89 a. 3 ad 2');
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267 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#37400"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 89 a. 3 ad 3');
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268 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#37401"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 89 a. 4 arg. 1');
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269 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#37402"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 89 a. 4 arg. 2');
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270 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#37403"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 89 a. 4 arg. 3');
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271 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#37404"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 89 a. 4 s. c.');
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272 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#37405"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 89 a. 4 co.');
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273 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#37406"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 89 a. 4 ad 1');
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274 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#37407"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 89 a. 4 ad 2');
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275 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#37408"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 89 a. 4 ad 3');
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276 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#37409"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 89 a. 5 arg. 1');
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277 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#37410"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 89 a. 5 arg. 2');
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278 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#37411"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 89 a. 5 arg. 3');
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279 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#37412"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 89 a. 5 s. c.');
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280 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#37413"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 89 a. 5 co.');
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281 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#37414"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 89 a. 5 ad 1');
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282 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#37415"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 89 a. 5 ad 2');
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283 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#37416"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 89 a. 5 ad 3');
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284 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#37417"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 89 a. 6 arg. 1');
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285 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#37418"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 89 a. 6 arg. 2');
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286 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#37419"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 89 a. 6 arg. 3');
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287 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#37420"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 89 a. 6 s. c.');
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288 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#37421"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 89 a. 6 co.');
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289 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#37422"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 89 a. 6 ad 1');
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290 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#37423"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 89 a. 6 ad 2');
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291 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#37424"&gt;I&amp;ordf;-IIae q. 89 a. 6 ad 3');
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292 document.write('&lt;\/SELECT&gt;');
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293 document.write('&lt;BR&gt;&lt;BR&gt;');
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294 document.write('&lt;INPUT TYPE="button" VALUE="Agedum" ONCLICK="go()"&gt;');
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295 document.write('&lt;\/FORM&gt;');
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296 // --&gt;
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297 //
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298 </script><br/>
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299 <hr/>
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300 <br/></div><div class="q" id="q85"><h2>Quaestio 85</h2><div class="p"><h3>Prooemium</h3><p title="I-II q. 85 pr."><a name="37183"><span class="ref">[37183]
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301 Iª-IIae q. 85 pr.</span></a> Deinde considerandum est de
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302 effectibus peccati. Et primo quidem, de corruptione boni naturae;
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303 secundo, de macula animae; tertio, de reatu poenae. Circa primum
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304 quaeruntur sex. Primo, utrum bonum naturae diminuatur per peccatum.
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305 Secundo, utrum totaliter tolli possit. Tertio, de quatuor
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306 vulneribus quae Beda ponit, quibus natura humana vulnerata est
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307 propter peccatum. Quarto, utrum privatio modi, speciei et ordinis,
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308 sit effectus peccati. Quinto, utrum mors et alii defectus
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309 corporales sint effectus peccati. Sexto, utrum sint aliquo modo
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310 homini naturales.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 1</h3><p title="I-II q. 85 a. 1 arg. 1"><a name="37184"><span class="ref">[37184] Iª-IIae q. 85 a. 1 arg. 1</span></a> Ad primum
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311 sic proceditur. Videtur quod peccatum non diminuat bonum naturae.
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312 Peccatum enim hominis non est gravius quam peccatum Daemonis. Sed
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313 bona naturalia in Daemonibus manent integra post peccatum, ut
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314 Dionysius dicit, IV cap. de Div. Nom. Ergo peccatum etiam bonum
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315 naturae humanae non diminuit.</p><p title="I-II q. 85 a. 1 arg. 2"><a name="37185"><span class="ref">[37185] Iª-IIae q. 85 a. 1 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
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316 transmutato posteriori, non transmutatur prius, manet enim
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317 substantia eadem, transmutatis accidentibus. Sed natura praeexistit
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318 actioni voluntariae. Ergo, facta deordinatione circa actionem
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319 voluntariam per peccatum, non transmutatur propter hoc natura, ita
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320 quod bonum naturae diminuatur.</p><p title="I-II q. 85 a. 1 arg. 3"><a name="37186"><span class="ref">[37186] Iª-IIae q. 85 a. 1 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
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321 peccatum est actus quidam, diminutio autem passio. Nullum autem
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322 agens, ex hoc ipso quod agit, patitur, potest autem contingere quod
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323 in unum agat, et ab alio patiatur. Ergo ille qui peccat, per
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324 peccatum non diminuit bonum suae naturae.</p><p title="I-II q. 85 a. 1 arg. 4"><a name="37187"><span class="ref">[37187] Iª-IIae q. 85 a. 1 arg. 4</span></a> Praeterea,
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325 nullum accidens agit in suum subiectum, quia quod patitur, est
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326 potentia ens; quod autem subiicitur accidenti, iam est actu ens
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327 secundum accidens illud. Sed peccatum est in bono naturae sicut
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328 accidens in subiecto. Ergo peccatum non diminuit bonum naturae,
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329 diminuere enim quoddam agere est.</p><p title="I-II q. 85 a. 1 s. c."><a name="37188"><span class="ref">[37188] Iª-IIae q. 85 a. 1 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
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330 est quod, sicut dicitur Luc. X, <i>homo descendens a Ierusalem in
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331 Iericho, idest in defectum peccati, expoliatur gratuitis et
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332 vulneratur in naturalibus</i>, ut Beda exponit. Ergo peccatum
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333 diminuit bonum naturae.</p><p title="I-II q. 85 a. 1 co."><a name="37189"><span class="ref">[37189] Iª-IIae q. 85 a. 1 co.</span></a> Respondeo
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334 dicendum quod bonum naturae humanae potest tripliciter dici. Primo,
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335 ipsa principia naturae, ex quibus natura constituitur, et
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336 proprietates ex his causatae, sicut potentiae animae et alia
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337 huiusmodi. Secundo, quia homo a natura habet inclinationem ad
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338 virtutem, ut supra habitum est, ipsa inclinatio ad virtutem est
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339 quoddam bonum naturae. Tertio modo potest dici bonum naturae donum
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340 originalis iustitiae, quod fuit in primo homine collatum toti
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341 humanae naturae. Primum igitur bonum naturae nec tollitur nec
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342 diminuitur per peccatum. Tertium vero bonum naturae totaliter est
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343 ablatum per peccatum primi parentis. Sed medium bonum naturae,
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344 scilicet ipsa naturalis inclinatio ad virtutem, diminuitur per
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345 peccatum. Per actus enim humanos fit quaedam inclinatio ad similes
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346 actus, ut supra habitum est. Oportet autem quod ex hoc quod aliquid
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347 inclinatur ad unum contrariorum, diminuatur inclinatio eius ad
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348 aliud. Unde cum peccatum sit contrarium virtuti, ex hoc ipso quod
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349 homo peccat, diminuitur bonum naturae quod est inclinatio ad
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350 virtutem.</p><p title="I-II q. 85 a. 1 ad 1"><a name="37190"><span class="ref">[37190] Iª-IIae q. 85 a. 1 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
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351 ergo dicendum quod Dionysius loquitur de bono primo naturae, quod
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352 est esse, vivere et intelligere; ut patet eius verba intuenti.</p><p title="I-II q. 85 a. 1 ad 2"><a name="37191"><span class="ref">[37191] Iª-IIae q. 85 a. 1 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
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353 dicendum quod natura, etsi sit prior quam voluntaria actio, tamen
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354 habet inclinationem ad quandam voluntariam actionem. Unde ipsa
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355 natura secundum se non variatur propter variationem voluntariae
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356 actionis, sed ipsa inclinatio variatur ex illa parte qua ordinatur
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357 ad terminum.</p><p title="I-II q. 85 a. 1 ad 3"><a name="37192"><span class="ref">[37192] Iª-IIae q. 85 a. 1 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
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358 dicendum quod actio voluntaria procedit ex diversis potentiis,
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359 quarum una est activa et alia passiva. Et ex hoc contingit quod per
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360 actiones voluntarias causatur aliquid, vel aufertur ab homine sic
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361 agente, ut supra dictum est, cum de generatione habituum
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362 ageretur.</p><p title="I-II q. 85 a. 1 ad 4"><a name="37193"><span class="ref">[37193] Iª-IIae q. 85 a. 1 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
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363 dicendum quod accidens non agit effective in subiectum; agit tamen
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364 formaliter in ipsum, eo modo loquendi quo dicitur quod albedo facit
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365 album. Et sic nihil prohibet quod peccatum diminuat bonum naturae,
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366 eo tamen modo quo est ipsa diminutio boni naturae, inquantum
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367 pertinet ad inordinationem actus. Sed quantum ad inordinationem
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368 agentis, oportet dicere quod talis inordinatio causatur per hoc
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369 quod in actibus animae aliquid est activum et aliquid passivum,
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370 sicut sensibile movet appetitum sensitivum, et appetitus sensitivus
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371 inclinat rationem et voluntatem, ut supra dictum est. Et ex hoc
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372 causatur inordinatio, non quidem ita quod accidens agat in proprium
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373 subiectum; sed secundum quod obiectum agit in potentiam, et una
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374 potentia agit in aliam, et deordinat ipsam.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 2</h3><p title="I-II q. 85 a. 2 arg. 1"><a name="37194"><span class="ref">[37194] Iª-IIae q. 85 a. 2 arg. 1</span></a> Ad secundum
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375 sic proceditur. Videtur quod totum bonum humanae naturae possit per
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376 peccatum auferri. Bonum enim naturae humanae finitum est, cum et
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377 ipsa natura humana sit finita. Sed quodlibet finitum totaliter
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378 consumitur, facta continua ablatione. Cum ergo bonum naturae
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379 continue per peccatum diminui possit, videtur quod possit quandoque
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380 totaliter consumi.</p><p title="I-II q. 85 a. 2 arg. 2"><a name="37195"><span class="ref">[37195] Iª-IIae q. 85 a. 2 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
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381 eorum quae sunt unius naturae, similis est ratio de toto et de
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382 partibus, sicut patet in aere et in aqua et carne, et omnibus
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383 corporibus similium partium. Sed bonum naturae est totaliter
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384 uniforme. Cum igitur pars eius possit auferri per peccatum, totum
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385 etiam per peccatum auferri posse videtur.</p><p title="I-II q. 85 a. 2 arg. 3"><a name="37196"><span class="ref">[37196] Iª-IIae q. 85 a. 2 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
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386 bonum naturae quod per peccatum minuitur, est habilitas ad
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387 virtutem. Sed in quibusdam propter peccatum habilitas praedicta
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388 totaliter tollitur, ut patet in damnatis, qui reparari ad virtutem
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389 non possunt, sicut nec caecus ad visum. Ergo peccatum potest
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390 totaliter tollere bonum naturae.</p><p title="I-II q. 85 a. 2 s. c."><a name="37197"><span class="ref">[37197] Iª-IIae q. 85 a. 2 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
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391 est quod Augustinus dicit, in Enchirid., quod malum non est nisi in
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392 bono. Sed malum culpae non potest esse in bono virtutis vel
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393 gratiae, quia est ei contrarium. Ergo oportet quod sit in bono
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394 naturae. Non ergo totaliter tollit ipsum.</p><p title="I-II q. 85 a. 2 co."><a name="37198"><span class="ref">[37198] Iª-IIae q. 85 a. 2 co.</span></a> Respondeo
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395 dicendum quod, sicut dictum est, bonum naturae quod per peccatum
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396 diminuitur, est naturalis inclinatio ad virtutem. Quae quidem
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397 convenit homini ex hoc ipso quod rationalis est, ex hoc enim habet
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398 quod secundum rationem operetur, quod est agere secundum virtutem.
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399 Per peccatum autem non potest totaliter ab homine tolli quod sit
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400 rationalis, quia iam non esset capax peccati. Unde non est
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diff changeset
401 possibile quod praedictum naturae bonum totaliter tollatur. Cum
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402 autem inveniatur huiusmodi bonum continue diminui per peccatum,
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403 quidam ad huius manifestationem usi sunt quodam exemplo, in quo
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404 invenitur aliquod finitum in infinitum diminui, nunquam tamen
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405 totaliter consumi. Dicit enim philosophus, in III Physic., quod si
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406 ab aliqua magnitudine finita continue auferatur aliquid secundum
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407 eandem quantitatem, totaliter tandem consumetur, puta si a
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408 quacumque quantitate finita semper subtraxero mensuram palmi. Si
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409 vero fiat subtractio semper secundum eandem proportionem, et non
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410 secundum eandem quantitatem, poterit in infinitum subtrahi, puta,
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411 si quantitas dividatur in duas partes, et a dimidio subtrahatur
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412 dimidium, ita in infinitum poterit procedi; ita tamen quod semper
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413 quod posterius subtrahitur, erit minus eo quod prius subtrahebatur.
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414 Sed hoc in proposito non habet locum, non enim sequens peccatum
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415 minus diminuit bonum naturae quam praecedens, sed forte magis, si
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416 sit gravius. Et ideo aliter est dicendum quod praedicta inclinatio
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417 intelligitur ut media inter duo, fundatur enim sicut in radice in
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418 natura rationali, et tendit in bonum virtutis sicut in terminum et
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419 finem. Dupliciter igitur potest intelligi eius diminutio, uno modo,
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420 ex parte radicis; alio modo, ex parte termini. Primo quidem modo
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421 non diminuitur per peccatum, eo quod peccatum non diminuit ipsam
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422 naturam, ut supra dictum est. Sed diminuitur secundo modo,
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423 inquantum scilicet ponitur impedimentum pertingendi ad terminum. Si
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424 autem primo modo diminueretur, oporteret quod quandoque totaliter
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425 consumeretur, natura rationali totaliter consumpta. Sed quia
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426 diminuitur ex parte impedimenti quod apponitur ne pertingat ad
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427 terminum, manifestum est quod diminui quidem potest in infinitum,
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428 quia in infinitum possunt impedimenta apponi, secundum quod homo
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429 potest in infinitum addere peccatum peccato, non tamen potest
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430 totaliter consumi, quia semper manet radix talis inclinationis.
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431 Sicut patet in diaphano corpore, quod quidem habet inclinationem ad
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432 susceptionem lucis ex hoc ipso quod est diaphanum, diminuitur autem
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433 haec inclinatio vel habilitas ex parte nebularum supervenientium,
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434 cum tamen semper maneat in radice naturae.</p><p title="I-II q. 85 a. 2 ad 1"><a name="37199"><span class="ref">[37199] Iª-IIae q. 85 a. 2 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28
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435 ergo dicendum quod obiectio illa procedit quando fit diminutio per
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436 subtractionem. Hic autem fit diminutio per appositionem
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437 impedimenti, quod neque tollit neque diminuit radicem
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438 inclinationis, ut dictum est.</p><p title="I-II q. 85 a. 2 ad 2"><a name="37200"><span class="ref">[37200] Iª-IIae q. 85 a. 2 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
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439 dicendum quod inclinatio naturalis est quidem tota uniformis, sed
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440 tamen habet respectum et ad principium et ad terminum, secundum
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441 quam diversitatem quodammodo diminuitur et quodammodo non
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442 diminuitur.</p><p title="I-II q. 85 a. 2 ad 3"><a name="37201"><span class="ref">[37201] Iª-IIae q. 85 a. 2 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
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443 dicendum quod etiam in damnatis manet naturalis inclinatio ad
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444 virtutem, alioquin non esset in eis remorsus conscientiae. Sed quod
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445 non reducatur in actum, contingit quia deest gratia, secundum
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446 divinam iustitiam. Sicut etiam in caeco remanet aptitudo ad
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447 videndum in ipsa radice naturae, inquantum est animal naturaliter
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448 habens visum, sed non reducitur in actum, quia deest causa quae
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449 reducere possit formando organum quod requiritur ad videndum.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 3</h3><p title="I-II q. 85 a. 3 arg. 1"><a name="37202"><span class="ref">[37202] Iª-IIae q. 85 a. 3 arg. 1</span></a> Ad tertium
28
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450 sic proceditur. Videtur quod inconvenienter ponantur vulnera
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451 naturae esse, ex peccato consequentia, infirmitas, ignorantia,
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452 malitia et concupiscentia. Non enim idem est effectus et causa
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453 eiusdem. Sed ista ponuntur causae peccatorum, ut ex supradictis
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454 patet. Ergo non debent poni effectus peccati.</p><p title="I-II q. 85 a. 3 arg. 2"><a name="37203"><span class="ref">[37203] Iª-IIae q. 85 a. 3 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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455 malitia nominat quoddam peccatum. Non ergo debet poni inter
53
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456 effectus peccati.</p><p title="I-II q. 85 a. 3 arg. 3"><a name="37204"><span class="ref">[37204] Iª-IIae q. 85 a. 3 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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457 concupiscentia est quiddam naturale, cum sit actus virtutis
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458 concupiscibilis. Sed illud quod est naturale, non debet poni vulnus
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459 naturae. Ergo concupiscentia non debet poni vulnus naturae.</p><p title="I-II q. 85 a. 3 arg. 4"><a name="37205"><span class="ref">[37205] Iª-IIae q. 85 a. 3 arg. 4</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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460 dictum est quod idem est peccare ex infirmitate, et ex passione.
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461 Sed concupiscentia passio quaedam est. Ergo non debet contra
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462 infirmitatem dividi.</p><p title="I-II q. 85 a. 3 arg. 5"><a name="37206"><span class="ref">[37206] Iª-IIae q. 85 a. 3 arg. 5</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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463 Augustinus, in libro de natura et gratia, ponit duo poenalia animae
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464 peccanti, scilicet ignorantiam et difficultatem, ex quibus oritur
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465 error et cruciatus, quae quidem quatuor non concordant istis
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466 quatuor. Ergo videtur quod alterum eorum insufficienter
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467 ponatur.</p><p title="I-II q. 85 a. 3 s. c."><a name="37207"><span class="ref">[37207] Iª-IIae q. 85 a. 3 s. c.</span></a> In
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468 contrarium est auctoritas Bedae.</p><p title="I-II q. 85 a. 3 co."><a name="37208"><span class="ref">[37208] Iª-IIae q. 85 a. 3 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
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469 dicendum quod per iustitiam originalem perfecte ratio continebat
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470 inferiores animae vires, et ipsa ratio a Deo perficiebatur ei
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471 subiecta. Haec autem originalis iustitia subtracta est per peccatum
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472 primi parentis, sicut iam dictum est. Et ideo omnes vires animae
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473 remanent quodammodo destitutae proprio ordine, quo naturaliter
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474 ordinantur ad virtutem, et ipsa destitutio vulneratio naturae
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475 dicitur. Sunt autem quatuor potentiae animae quae possunt esse
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476 subiecta virtutum, ut supra dictum est, scilicet ratio, in qua est
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477 prudentia; voluntas, in qua est iustitia; irascibilis, in qua est
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478 fortitudo; concupiscibilis, in qua est temperantia. Inquantum ergo
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479 ratio destituitur suo ordine ad verum, est vulnus ignorantiae;
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480 inquantum vero voluntas destituitur ordine ad bonum, est vulnus
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481 malitiae; inquantum vero irascibilis destituitur suo ordine ad
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482 arduum, est vulnus infirmitatis; inquantum vero concupiscentia
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483 destituitur ordine ad delectabile moderatum ratione, est vulnus
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484 concupiscentiae. Sic igitur ita quatuor sunt vulnera inflicta toti
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485 humanae naturae ex peccato primi parentis. Sed quia inclinatio ad
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486 bonum virtutis in unoquoque diminuitur per peccatum actuale, ut ex
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487 dictis patet, et ista sunt quatuor vulnera ex aliis peccatis
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488 consequentia, inquantum scilicet per peccatum et ratio hebetatur,
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489 praecipue in agendis; et voluntas induratur ad bonum; et maior
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490 difficultas bene agendi accrescit; et concupiscentia magis
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491 exardescit.</p><p title="I-II q. 85 a. 3 ad 1"><a name="37209"><span class="ref">[37209] Iª-IIae q. 85 a. 3 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28
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492 ergo dicendum quod nihil prohibet id quod est effectus unius
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493 peccati, esse causam peccati alterius. Ex hoc enim quod anima
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494 deordinatur per peccatum praecedens, facilius inclinatur ad
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495 peccandum.</p><p title="I-II q. 85 a. 3 ad 2"><a name="37210"><span class="ref">[37210] Iª-IIae q. 85 a. 3 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
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496 dicendum quod malitia non sumitur hic pro peccato, sed pro quadam
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497 pronitate voluntatis ad malum; secundum quod dicitur Gen. VIII,
53
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498 <i>proni sunt sensus hominis ad malum ab adolescentia sua</i>.</p><p title="I-II q. 85 a. 3 ad 3"><a name="37211"><span class="ref">[37211] Iª-IIae q. 85 a. 3 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
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499 dicendum quod, sicut supra dictum est, concupiscentia intantum est
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500 naturalis homini, inquantum subditur rationi. Quod autem excedat
53
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501 limites rationis, hoc est homini contra naturam.</p><p title="I-II q. 85 a. 3 ad 4"><a name="37212"><span class="ref">[37212] Iª-IIae q. 85 a. 3 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
28
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diff changeset
502 dicendum quod infirmitas communiter potest dici omnis passio,
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503 inquantum debilitat robur animae et impedit rationem. Sed Beda
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504 accepit infirmitatem stricte, secundum quod opponitur fortitudini,
53
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505 quae pertinet ad irascibilem.</p><p title="I-II q. 85 a. 3 ad 5"><a name="37213"><span class="ref">[37213] Iª-IIae q. 85 a. 3 ad 5</span></a> Ad quintum
28
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diff changeset
506 dicendum quod difficultas quae ponitur in libro Augustini, includit
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507 ista tria quae pertinent ad appetitivas potentias, scilicet
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508 malitiam, infirmitatem et concupiscentiam, ex his enim tribus
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509 contingit quod aliquis non facile tendit in bonum. Error autem et
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510 dolor sunt vulnera consequentia, ex hoc enim aliquis dolet, quod
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511 infirmatur circa ea quae concupiscit.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 4</h3><p title="I-II q. 85 a. 4 arg. 1"><a name="37214"><span class="ref">[37214] Iª-IIae q. 85 a. 4 arg. 1</span></a> Ad quartum
28
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diff changeset
512 sic proceditur. Videtur quod privatio modi, speciei et ordinis, non
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diff changeset
513 sit effectus peccati. Dicit enim Augustinus, in libro de natura
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514 boni, quod <i>ubi haec tria magna sunt, magnum bonum est; ubi
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515 parva, parvum; ubi nulla, nullum</i>. Sed peccatum non annullat
53
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516 bonum naturae. Ergo non privat modum, speciem et ordinem.</p><p title="I-II q. 85 a. 4 arg. 2"><a name="37215"><span class="ref">[37215] Iª-IIae q. 85 a. 4 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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517 nihil est causa sui ipsius. Sed ipsum peccatum est privatio modi,
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diff changeset
518 speciei et ordinis, ut Augustinus dicit, in libro de natura boni.
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diff changeset
519 Ergo privatio modi, speciei et ordinis, non est effectus
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520 peccati.</p><p title="I-II q. 85 a. 4 arg. 3"><a name="37216"><span class="ref">[37216] Iª-IIae q. 85 a. 4 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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diff changeset
521 diversa peccata diversos habent effectus. Sed modus, species et
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diff changeset
522 ordo, cum sint quaedam diversa, diversas privationes habere
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523 videntur. Ergo per diversa peccata privantur. Non ergo est effectus
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524 cuiuslibet peccati privatio modi, speciei et ordinis.</p><p title="I-II q. 85 a. 4 s. c."><a name="37217"><span class="ref">[37217] Iª-IIae q. 85 a. 4 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28
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525 est quod peccatum est in anima sicut infirmitas in corpore;
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526 secundum illud Psalmi VI, <i>miserere mei, domine, quoniam infirmus
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diff changeset
527 sum</i>. Sed infirmitas privat modum, speciem et ordinem ipsius
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528 corporis. Ergo peccatum privat modum, speciem et ordinem
53
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529 animae.</p><p title="I-II q. 85 a. 4 co."><a name="37218"><span class="ref">[37218] Iª-IIae q. 85 a. 4 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
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diff changeset
530 dicendum quod, sicut in primo dictum est, modus, species et ordo
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diff changeset
531 consequuntur unumquodque bonum creatum inquantum huiusmodi, et
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532 etiam unumquodque ens. Omne enim esse et bonum consideratur per
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533 aliquam formam, secundum quam sumitur species. Forma autem
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534 uniuscuiusque rei, qualiscumque sit, sive substantialis sive
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535 accidentalis, est secundum aliquam mensuram, unde et in VIII
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diff changeset
536 Metaphys. dicitur quod formae rerum sunt sicut numeri. Et ex hoc
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diff changeset
537 habet modum quendam, qui mensuram respicit. Ex forma vero sua
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diff changeset
538 unumquodque ordinatur ad aliud. Sic igitur secundum diversos gradus
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diff changeset
539 bonorum, sunt diversi gradus modi, speciei et ordinis. Est ergo
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diff changeset
540 quoddam bonum pertinens ad ipsam substantiam naturae, quod habet
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diff changeset
541 suum modum, speciem et ordinem, et illud nec privatur nec
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diff changeset
542 diminuitur per peccatum. Est etiam quoddam bonum naturalis
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diff changeset
543 inclinationis, et hoc etiam habet suum modum, speciem et ordinem,
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544 et hoc diminuitur per peccatum, ut dictum est, sed non totaliter
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diff changeset
545 tollitur. Est etiam quoddam bonum virtutis et gratiae, quod etiam
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diff changeset
546 habet suum modum, speciem et ordinem, et hoc totaliter tollitur per
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diff changeset
547 peccatum mortale. Est etiam quoddam bonum quod est ipse actus
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diff changeset
548 ordinatus, quod etiam habet suum modum, speciem et ordinem, et
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diff changeset
549 huius privatio est essentialiter ipsum peccatum. Et sic patet
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parents: 26
diff changeset
550 qualiter peccatum et est privatio modi, speciei et ordinis; et
53
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551 privat vel diminuit modum, speciem et ordinem.</p><p title="I-II q. 85 a. 4 ad 1"><a name="37219"><span class="ref">[37219] Iª-IIae q. 85 a. 4 ad 1</span></a> Unde patet
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diff changeset
552 responsio ad duo prima.</p><p title="I-II q. 85 a. 4 ad 3"><a name="37220"><span class="ref">[37220] Iª-IIae q. 85 a. 4 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
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diff changeset
553 dicendum quod modus, species et ordo se consequuntur, sicut ex
53
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554 dictis patet. Unde simul privantur et diminuuntur.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 5</h3><p title="I-II q. 85 a. 5 arg. 1"><a name="37221"><span class="ref">[37221] Iª-IIae q. 85 a. 5 arg. 1</span></a> Ad quintum
28
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diff changeset
555 sic proceditur. Videtur quod mors et alii corporales defectus non
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diff changeset
556 sint effectus peccati. Si enim causa fuerit aequalis, et effectus
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diff changeset
557 erit aequalis. Sed huiusmodi defectus non sunt aequales in omnibus,
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diff changeset
558 sed in quibusdam huiusmodi defectus magis abundant, cum tamen
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diff changeset
559 peccatum originale sit in omnibus aequale, sicut dictum est, cuius
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diff changeset
560 videntur huiusmodi defectus maxime esse effectus. Ergo mors et
53
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561 huiusmodi defectus non sunt effectus peccati.</p><p title="I-II q. 85 a. 5 arg. 2"><a name="37222"><span class="ref">[37222] Iª-IIae q. 85 a. 5 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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diff changeset
562 remota causa, removetur effectus. Sed remoto omni peccato per
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diff changeset
563 Baptismum vel poenitentiam, non removentur huiusmodi defectus. Ergo
53
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564 non sunt effectus peccati.</p><p title="I-II q. 85 a. 5 arg. 3"><a name="37223"><span class="ref">[37223] Iª-IIae q. 85 a. 5 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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diff changeset
565 peccatum actuale habet plus de ratione culpae quam originale. Sed
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diff changeset
566 peccatum actuale non transmutat naturam corporis ad aliquem
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diff changeset
567 defectum. Ergo multo minus peccatum originale. Non ergo mors et
53
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568 alii defectus corporales sunt effectus peccati.</p><p title="I-II q. 85 a. 5 s. c."><a name="37224"><span class="ref">[37224] Iª-IIae q. 85 a. 5 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28
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diff changeset
569 est quod apostolus dicit, Rom. V, <i>per unum hominem peccatum in
53
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570 hunc mundum intravit, et per peccatum mors</i>.</p><p title="I-II q. 85 a. 5 co."><a name="37225"><span class="ref">[37225] Iª-IIae q. 85 a. 5 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
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diff changeset
571 dicendum quod aliquid est causa alterius dupliciter, uno quidem
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diff changeset
572 modo, per se; alio modo, per accidens. Per se quidem est causa
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diff changeset
573 alterius quod secundum virtutem suae naturae vel formae producit
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diff changeset
574 effectum, unde sequitur quod effectus sit per se intentus a causa.
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diff changeset
575 Unde cum mors et huiusmodi defectus sint praeter intentionem
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diff changeset
576 peccantis, manifestum est quod peccatum non est per se causa
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diff changeset
577 istorum defectuum. Per accidens autem aliquid est causa alterius,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
578 si sit causa removendo prohibens, sicut dicitur in VIII Physic.
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diff changeset
579 quod <i>divellens columnam, per accidens movet lapidem columnae
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diff changeset
580 superpositum</i>. Et hoc modo peccatum primi parentis est causa
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diff changeset
581 mortis et omnium huiusmodi defectuum in natura humana, inquantum
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diff changeset
582 per peccatum primi parentis sublata est originalis iustitia, per
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diff changeset
583 quam non solum inferiores animae vires continebantur sub ratione
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diff changeset
584 absque omni deordinatione, sed totum corpus continebatur sub anima
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parents: 26
diff changeset
585 absque omni defectu, ut in primo habitum est. Et ideo, subtracta
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diff changeset
586 hac originali iustitia per peccatum primi parentis, sicut vulnerata
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diff changeset
587 est humana natura quantum ad animam per deordinationem potentiarum,
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diff changeset
588 ut supra dictum est; ita etiam est corruptibilis effecta per
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diff changeset
589 deordinationem ipsius corporis. Subtractio autem originalis
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diff changeset
590 iustitiae habet rationem poenae, sicut etiam subtractio gratiae.
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591 Unde etiam mors, et omnes defectus corporales consequentes, sunt
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diff changeset
592 quaedam poenae originalis peccati. Et quamvis huiusmodi defectus
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diff changeset
593 non sint intenti a peccante, sunt tamen ordinati secundum iustitiam
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594 Dei punientis.</p><p title="I-II q. 85 a. 5 ad 1"><a name="37226"><span class="ref">[37226] Iª-IIae q. 85 a. 5 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28
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595 ergo dicendum quod aequalitas causae per se, causat aequalem
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596 effectum, augmentata enim vel diminuta causa per se, augetur vel
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diff changeset
597 diminuitur effectus. Sed aequalitas causae removentis prohibens,
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diff changeset
598 non ostendit aequalitatem effectuum. Si quis enim aequali impulsu
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diff changeset
599 divellat duas columnas, non sequitur quod lapides superpositi
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diff changeset
600 aequaliter moveantur, sed ille velocius movebitur qui gravior erit
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diff changeset
601 secundum proprietatem suae naturae, cui relinquitur remoto
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602 prohibente. Sic igitur, remota originali iustitia, natura corporis
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diff changeset
603 humani relicta est sibi, et secundum hoc, secundum diversitatem
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diff changeset
604 naturalis complexionis, quorundam corpora pluribus defectibus
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605 subiacent, quorundam vero paucioribus, quamvis existente originali
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diff changeset
606 peccato aequali.</p><p title="I-II q. 85 a. 5 ad 2"><a name="37227"><span class="ref">[37227] Iª-IIae q. 85 a. 5 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
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diff changeset
607 dicendum quod culpa originalis et actualis removetur ab eodem a quo
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diff changeset
608 etiam removentur et huiusmodi defectus, secundum illud apostoli,
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diff changeset
609 Rom. VIII, <i>vivificabit mortalia corpora vestra per inhabitantem
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diff changeset
610 spiritum eius in vobis</i>, sed utrumque fit secundum ordinem
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611 divinae sapientiae, congruo tempore. Oportet enim quod ad
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diff changeset
612 immortalitatem et impassibilitatem gloriae, quae in Christo
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613 inchoata est, et per Christum nobis acquisita, perveniamus
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parents: 26
diff changeset
614 conformati prius passionibus eius. Unde oportet quod ad tempus
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diff changeset
615 passibilitas in nostris corporibus remaneat, ad impassibilitatem
53
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diff changeset
616 gloriae promerendam conformiter Christo.</p><p title="I-II q. 85 a. 5 ad 3"><a name="37228"><span class="ref">[37228] Iª-IIae q. 85 a. 5 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
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diff changeset
617 dicendum quod in peccato actuali duo possumus considerare, scilicet
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diff changeset
618 ipsam substantiam actus, et rationem culpae. Ex parte quidem
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diff changeset
619 substantiae actus, potest peccatum actuale aliquem defectum
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diff changeset
620 corporalem causare, sicut ex superfluo cibo aliqui infirmantur et
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diff changeset
621 moriuntur. Sed ex parte culpae, privat gratiam quae datur homini ad
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622 rectificandum animae actus, non autem ad cohibendum defectus
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diff changeset
623 corporales, sicut originalis iustitia cohibebat. Et ideo peccatum
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624 actuale non causat huiusmodi defectus, sicut originale.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 6</h3><p title="I-II q. 85 a. 6 arg. 1"><a name="37229"><span class="ref">[37229] Iª-IIae q. 85 a. 6 arg. 1</span></a> Ad sextum
28
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625 sic proceditur. Videtur quod mors et huiusmodi defectus sint homini
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diff changeset
626 naturales. <i>Corruptibile enim et incorruptibile differunt
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diff changeset
627 genere</i>, ut dicitur in X Metaphys. Sed homo est eiusdem generis
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diff changeset
628 cum aliis animalibus, quae sunt naturaliter corruptibilia. Ergo
53
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diff changeset
629 homo est naturaliter corruptibilis.</p><p title="I-II q. 85 a. 6 arg. 2"><a name="37230"><span class="ref">[37230] Iª-IIae q. 85 a. 6 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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diff changeset
630 omne quod est compositum ex contrariis, est naturaliter
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diff changeset
631 corruptibile, quasi habens in se causam corruptionis suae. Sed
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diff changeset
632 corpus humanum est huiusmodi. Ergo est naturaliter
53
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633 corruptibile.</p><p title="I-II q. 85 a. 6 arg. 3"><a name="37231"><span class="ref">[37231] Iª-IIae q. 85 a. 6 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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diff changeset
634 calidum naturaliter consumit humidum. Vita autem hominis
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diff changeset
635 conservatur per calidum et humidum. Cum igitur operationes vitae
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diff changeset
636 expleantur per actum caloris naturalis, ut dicitur in II de anima,
53
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diff changeset
637 videtur quod mors et huiusmodi defectus sint homini naturales.</p><p title="I-II q. 85 a. 6 s. c. 1"><a name="37232"><span class="ref">[37232] Iª-IIae q. 85 a. 6 s. c. 1</span></a> Sed
28
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diff changeset
638 contra, quidquid est homini naturale, Deus in homine fecit. Sed
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diff changeset
639 Deus mortem non fecit, ut dicitur Sap. I. Ergo mors non est homini
53
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diff changeset
640 naturalis.</p><p title="I-II q. 85 a. 6 s. c. 2"><a name="37233"><span class="ref">[37233] Iª-IIae q. 85 a. 6 s. c. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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diff changeset
641 id quod est secundum naturam, non potest dici poena nec malum, quia
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diff changeset
642 unicuique rei est conveniens id quod est ei naturale. Sed mors et
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diff changeset
643 huiusmodi defectus sunt poena peccati originalis, ut supra dictum
53
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diff changeset
644 est. Ergo non sunt homini naturales.</p><p title="I-II q. 85 a. 6 s. c. 3"><a name="37234"><span class="ref">[37234] Iª-IIae q. 85 a. 6 s. c. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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diff changeset
645 materia proportionatur formae, et quaelibet res suo fini. Finis
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diff changeset
646 autem hominis est beatitudo perpetua, ut supra dictum est. Forma
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diff changeset
647 etiam humani corporis est anima rationalis, quae est
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diff changeset
648 incorruptibilis, ut in primo habitum est. Ergo corpus humanum est
53
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diff changeset
649 naturaliter incorruptibile.</p><p title="I-II q. 85 a. 6 co."><a name="37235"><span class="ref">[37235] Iª-IIae q. 85 a. 6 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
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diff changeset
650 dicendum quod de unaquaque re corruptibili dupliciter loqui
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diff changeset
651 possumus, uno modo, secundum naturam universalem; alio modo,
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diff changeset
652 secundum naturam particularem. Natura quidem particularis est
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diff changeset
653 propria virtus activa et conservativa uniuscuiusque rei. Et
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654 secundum hanc, omnis corruptio et defectus est contra naturam, ut
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diff changeset
655 dicitur in II de caelo, quia huiusmodi virtus intendit esse et
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diff changeset
656 conservationem eius cuius est. Natura vero universalis est virtus
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diff changeset
657 activa in aliquo universali principio naturae, puta in aliquo
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diff changeset
658 caelestium corporum; vel alicuius superioris substantiae, secundum
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diff changeset
659 quod etiam Deus a quibusdam dicitur natura naturans. Quae quidem
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diff changeset
660 virtus intendit bonum et conservationem universi, ad quod exigitur
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diff changeset
661 alternatio generationis et corruptionis in rebus. Et secundum hoc,
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diff changeset
662 corruptiones et defectus rerum sunt naturales, non quidem secundum
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663 inclinationem formae, quae est principium essendi et perfectionis;
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diff changeset
664 sed secundum inclinationem materiae, quae proportionaliter
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diff changeset
665 attribuitur tali formae secundum distributionem universalis
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diff changeset
666 agentis. Et quamvis omnis forma intendat perpetuum esse quantum
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667 potest, nulla tamen forma rei corruptibilis potest assequi
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diff changeset
668 perpetuitatem sui, praeter animam rationalem, eo quod ipsa non est
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diff changeset
669 subiecta omnino materiae corporali, sicut aliae formae; quinimmo
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670 habet propriam operationem immaterialem, ut in primo habitum est.
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diff changeset
671 Unde ex parte suae formae, naturalior est homini incorruptio quam
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diff changeset
672 aliis rebus corruptibilibus. Sed quia et ipsa habet materiam ex
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diff changeset
673 contrariis compositam, ex inclinatione materiae sequitur
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674 corruptibilitas in toto. Et secundum hoc, homo est naturaliter
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diff changeset
675 corruptibilis secundum naturam materiae sibi relictae, sed non
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diff changeset
676 secundum naturam formae. Primae autem tres rationes procedunt ex
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diff changeset
677 parte materiae, aliae vero tres procedunt ex parte formae. Unde ad
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diff changeset
678 earum solutionem, considerandum est quod forma hominis, quae est
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diff changeset
679 anima rationalis, secundum suam incorruptibilitatem proportionata
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diff changeset
680 est suo fini, qui est beatitudo perpetua. Sed corpus humanum, quod
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diff changeset
681 est corruptibile secundum suam naturam consideratum, quodammodo
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diff changeset
682 proportionatum est suae formae, et quodammodo non. Duplex enim
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diff changeset
683 conditio potest attendi in aliqua materia, una scilicet quam agens
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684 eligit; alia quae non est ab agente electa, sed est secundum
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diff changeset
685 conditionem naturalem materiae. Sicut faber ad faciendum cultellum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
686 eligit materiam duram et ductilem, quae subtiliari possit ut sit
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parents: 26
diff changeset
687 apta incisioni, et secundum hanc conditionem ferrum est materia
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diff changeset
688 proportionata cultello, sed hoc quod ferrum sit frangibile et
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diff changeset
689 rubiginem contrahens, consequitur ex naturali dispositione ferri,
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690 nec hoc eligit artifex in ferro, sed magis repudiaret si posset.
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diff changeset
691 Unde haec dispositio materiae non est proportionata intentioni
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diff changeset
692 artificis, nec intentioni artis. Similiter corpus humanum est
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diff changeset
693 materia electa a natura quantum ad hoc, quod est temperatae
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diff changeset
694 complexionis, ut possit esse convenientissimum organum tactus et
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parents: 26
diff changeset
695 aliarum virtutum sensitivarum et motivarum. Sed quod sit
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diff changeset
696 corruptibile, hoc est ex conditione materiae, nec est electum a
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diff changeset
697 natura, quin potius natura eligeret materiam incorruptibilem, si
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diff changeset
698 posset. Sed Deus, cui subiacet omnis natura, in ipsa institutione
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diff changeset
699 hominis supplevit defectum naturae, et dono iustitiae originalis
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diff changeset
700 dedit corpori incorruptibilitatem quandam, ut in primo dictum est.
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diff changeset
701 Et secundum hoc dicitur quod Deus mortem non fecit, et quod mors
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diff changeset
702 est poena peccati.</p><p title="I-II q. 85 a. 6 ad arg."><a name="37236"><span class="ref">[37236] Iª-IIae q. 85 a. 6 ad arg.</span></a> Unde patet
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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diff changeset
703 responsio ad obiecta.</p></div></div><div class="q" id="q86"><h2>Quaestio 86</h2><div class="p"><h3>Prooemium</h3><p title="I-II q. 86 pr."><a name="37237"><span class="ref">[37237]
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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diff changeset
704 Iª-IIae q. 86 pr.</span></a> Deinde considerandum est de
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
705 macula peccati. Et circa hoc quaeruntur duo. Primo, utrum macula
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
706 animae sit effectus peccati. Secundo, utrum remaneat in anima post
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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diff changeset
707 actum peccati.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 1</h3><p title="I-II q. 86 a. 1 arg. 1"><a name="37238"><span class="ref">[37238] Iª-IIae q. 86 a. 1 arg. 1</span></a> Ad primum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
708 sic proceditur. Videtur quod peccatum non causet aliquam maculam in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
709 anima. Natura enim superior non potest inquinari ex contactu
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
710 naturae inferioris, unde radius solaris non inquinatur per tactum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
711 corporum fetidorum, ut Augustinus dicit, in libro contra quinque
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
712 haereses. Sed anima humana est multo superioris naturae quam res
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
713 commutabiles, ad quas peccando convertitur. Ergo ex eis maculam non
53
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parents: 28
diff changeset
714 contrahit peccando.</p><p title="I-II q. 86 a. 1 arg. 2"><a name="37239"><span class="ref">[37239] Iª-IIae q. 86 a. 1 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
715 peccatum est principaliter in voluntate, ut supra dictum est.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
716 Voluntas autem est in ratione, ut dicitur in III de anima. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
717 ratio, sive intellectus, non maculatur ex consideratione
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
718 quarumcumque rerum, sed magis perficitur. Ergo nec voluntas ex
53
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diff changeset
719 peccato maculatur.</p><p title="I-II q. 86 a. 1 arg. 3"><a name="37240"><span class="ref">[37240] Iª-IIae q. 86 a. 1 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
720 si peccatum maculam causat, aut macula illa est aliquid positive,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
721 aut est privatio pura. Si sit aliquid positive, non potest esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
722 nisi dispositio vel habitus, nihil enim aliud videtur ex actu
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
723 causari. Dispositio autem et habitus non est, contingit enim,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
724 remota dispositione vel habitu, adhuc remanere maculam; ut patet in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
725 eo qui peccavit mortaliter prodigalitate, et postea transmutatur,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
726 mortaliter peccando, in habitum vitii oppositi. Non ergo macula
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
727 ponit aliquid positive in anima. Similiter etiam nec est privatio
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
728 pura. Quia omnia peccata conveniunt ex parte aversionis et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
729 privationis gratiae. Sequeretur ergo quod omnium peccatorum esset
53
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parents: 28
diff changeset
730 macula una. Ergo macula non est effectus peccati.</p><p title="I-II q. 86 a. 1 s. c."><a name="37241"><span class="ref">[37241] Iª-IIae q. 86 a. 1 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
731 est quod dicitur, Eccli. XLVII, Salomoni, <i>dedisti maculam in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
732 gloria tua</i>. Et Ephes. V, <i>ut exhiberet sibi gloriosam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
733 Ecclesiam non habentem maculam aut rugam</i>. Et utrobique loquitur
53
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parents: 28
diff changeset
734 de macula peccati. Ergo macula est effectus peccati.</p><p title="I-II q. 86 a. 1 co."><a name="37242"><span class="ref">[37242] Iª-IIae q. 86 a. 1 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
735 dicendum quod macula proprie dicitur in corporalibus, quando
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parents: 26
diff changeset
736 aliquod corpus nitidum perdit suum nitorem ex contactu alterius
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
737 corporis, sicut vestis et aurum et argentum, aut aliud huiusmodi.
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
738 In rebus autem spiritualibus ad similitudinem huius oportet maculam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
739 dici. Habet autem anima hominis duplicem nitorem, unum quidem ex
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parents: 26
diff changeset
740 refulgentia luminis naturalis rationis, per quam dirigitur in suis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
741 actibus; alium vero ex refulgentia divini luminis, scilicet
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
742 sapientiae et gratiae, per quam etiam homo perficitur ad bene et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
743 decenter agendum. Est autem quasi quidam animae tactus, quando
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
744 inhaeret aliquibus rebus per amorem. Cum autem peccat, adhaeret
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
745 rebus aliquibus contra lumen rationis et divinae legis, ut ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
746 supradictis patet. Unde ipsum detrimentum nitoris ex tali contactu
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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diff changeset
747 proveniens, macula animae metaphorice vocatur.</p><p title="I-II q. 86 a. 1 ad 1"><a name="37243"><span class="ref">[37243] Iª-IIae q. 86 a. 1 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
748 ergo dicendum quod anima non inquinatur ex rebus inferioribus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
749 virtute earum, quasi agentibus eis in animam, sed magis e converso
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
750 anima sua actione se inquinat, inordinate eis inhaerendo, contra
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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diff changeset
751 lumen rationis et divinae legis.</p><p title="I-II q. 86 a. 1 ad 2"><a name="37244"><span class="ref">[37244] Iª-IIae q. 86 a. 1 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
752 dicendum quod actio intellectus perficitur secundum quod res
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
753 intelligibiles sunt in intellectu per modum ipsius intellectus, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
754 ideo intellectus ex eis non inficitur, sed magis perficitur. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
755 actus voluntatis consistit in motu ad ipsas res, ita quod amor
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
756 conglutinat animam rei amatae. Et ex hoc anima maculatur, quando in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
757 ordinate inhaeret; secundum illud Osee IX, <i>facti sunt
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
758 abominabiles, sicut ea quae dilexerunt</i>.</p><p title="I-II q. 86 a. 1 ad 3"><a name="37245"><span class="ref">[37245] Iª-IIae q. 86 a. 1 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
759 dicendum quod macula non est aliquid positive in anima, nec
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
760 significat privationem solam, sed significat privationem quandam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
761 nitoris animae in ordine ad suam causam, quae est peccatum. Et ideo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
762 diversa peccata diversas maculas inducunt. Et est simile de umbra,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
763 quae est privatio luminis ex obiecto alicuius corporis, et secundum
53
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diff changeset
764 diversitatem corporum obiectorum diversificantur umbrae.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 2</h3><p title="I-II q. 86 a. 2 arg. 1"><a name="37246"><span class="ref">[37246] Iª-IIae q. 86 a. 2 arg. 1</span></a> Ad secundum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
765 sic proceditur. Videtur quod macula non maneat in anima post actum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
766 peccati. Nihil enim manet in anima post actum, nisi habitus vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
767 dispositio. Sed macula non est habitus vel dispositio, ut supra
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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diff changeset
768 habitum est. Ergo macula non manet in anima post actum peccati.</p><p title="I-II q. 86 a. 2 arg. 2"><a name="37247"><span class="ref">[37247] Iª-IIae q. 86 a. 2 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
769 hoc modo se habet macula ad peccatum, sicut umbra ad corpus, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
770 supra dictum est. Sed transeunte corpore, non manet umbra. Ergo,
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
771 transeunte actu peccati, non manet macula.</p><p title="I-II q. 86 a. 2 arg. 3"><a name="37248"><span class="ref">[37248] Iª-IIae q. 86 a. 2 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
772 omnis effectus dependet ex sua causa. Causa autem maculae est actus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
773 peccati. Ergo, remoto actu peccati, non remanet macula in
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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diff changeset
774 anima.</p><p title="I-II q. 86 a. 2 s. c."><a name="37249"><span class="ref">[37249] Iª-IIae q. 86 a. 2 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
775 est quod dicitur Iosue XXII, <i>an parum vobis est quod peccastis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
776 in Beelphegor, et usque in praesentem diem macula huius sceleris in
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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diff changeset
777 vobis permanet?</i></p><p title="I-II q. 86 a. 2 co."><a name="37250"><span class="ref">[37250] Iª-IIae q. 86 a. 2 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
778 dicendum quod macula peccati remanet in anima, etiam transeunte
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
779 actu peccati. Cuius ratio est quia macula, sicut dictum est,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
780 importat quendam defectum nitoris propter recessum a lumine
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
781 rationis vel divinae legis. Et ideo quandiu homo manet extra
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
782 huiusmodi lumen, manet in eo macula peccati, sed postquam redit ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
783 lumen divinum et ad lumen rationis, quod fit per gratiam, tunc
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
784 macula cessat. Licet autem cesset actus peccati, quo homo discessit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
785 a lumine rationis vel legis divinae, non tamen statim homo ad illud
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
786 redit in quo fuerat, sed requiritur aliquis motus voluntatis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
787 contrarius primo motui. Sicut si aliquis sit distans alicui per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
788 aliquem motum, non statim cessante motu fit ei propinquus, sed
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
789 oportet quod appropinquet rediens per motum contrarium.</p><p title="I-II q. 86 a. 2 ad 1"><a name="37251"><span class="ref">[37251] Iª-IIae q. 86 a. 2 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
790 ergo dicendum quod post actum peccati nihil positive remanet in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
791 anima nisi dispositio vel habitus, remanet tamen aliquid privative,
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
792 scilicet privatio coniunctionis ad divinum lumen.</p><p title="I-II q. 86 a. 2 ad 2"><a name="37252"><span class="ref">[37252] Iª-IIae q. 86 a. 2 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
793 dicendum quod, transeunte obstaculo corporis, remanet corpus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
794 diaphanum in aequali propinquitate et habitudine ad corpus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
795 illuminans, et ideo statim umbra transit. Sed remoto actu peccati,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
796 non remanet anima in eadem habitudine ad Deum. Unde non est similis
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
797 ratio.</p><p title="I-II q. 86 a. 2 ad 3"><a name="37253"><span class="ref">[37253] Iª-IIae q. 86 a. 2 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
798 dicendum quod actus peccati facit distantiam a Deo, quam quidem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
799 distantiam sequitur defectus nitoris, hoc modo sicut motus localis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
800 facit localem distantiam. Unde sicut, cessante motu, non tollitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
801 distantia localis; ita nec, cessante actu peccati, tollitur
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
802 macula.</p></div></div><div class="q" id="q87"><h2>Quaestio 87</h2><div class="p"><h3>Prooemium</h3><p title="I-II q. 87 pr."><a name="37254"><span class="ref">[37254]
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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diff changeset
803 Iª-IIae q. 87 pr.</span></a> Deinde considerandum est de reatu
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
804 poenae. Et primo, de ipso reatu; secundo, de mortali et veniali
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parents: 26
diff changeset
805 peccato, quae distinguuntur secundum reatum. Circa primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
806 quaeruntur octo. Primo, utrum reatus poenae sit effectus peccati.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
807 Secundo, utrum peccatum possit esse poena alterius peccati. Tertio,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
808 utrum aliquod peccatum faciat reum aeterna poena. Quarto, utrum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
809 faciat reum poena infinita secundum quantitatem. Quinto, utrum omne
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
810 peccatum faciat reum aeterna et infinita poena. Sexto, utrum reatus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
811 poenae possit remanere post peccatum. Septimo, utrum omnis poena
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
812 inferatur pro aliquo peccato. Octavo, utrum unus sit reus poenae
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
813 pro peccato alterius.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 1</h3><p title="I-II q. 87 a. 1 arg. 1"><a name="37255"><span class="ref">[37255] Iª-IIae q. 87 a. 1 arg. 1</span></a> Ad primum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
814 sic proceditur. Videtur quod reatus poenae non sit effectus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
815 peccati. Quod enim per accidens se habet ad aliquid, non videtur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
816 esse proprius effectus eius. Sed reatus poenae per accidens se
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
817 habet ad peccatum, cum sit praeter intentionem peccantis. Ergo
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
818 reatus poenae non est effectus peccati.</p><p title="I-II q. 87 a. 1 arg. 2"><a name="37256"><span class="ref">[37256] Iª-IIae q. 87 a. 1 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
819 malum non est causa boni. Sed poena bona est, cum sit iusta, et a
53
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parents: 28
diff changeset
820 Deo. Ergo non est effectus peccati, quod est malum.</p><p title="I-II q. 87 a. 1 arg. 3"><a name="37257"><span class="ref">[37257] Iª-IIae q. 87 a. 1 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
821 Augustinus dicit, in I Confess., quod <i>omnis inordinatus animus
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parents: 26
diff changeset
822 sibi ipsi est poena</i>. Sed poena non causat reatum alterius
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
823 poenae, quia sic iretur in infinitum. Ergo peccatum non causat
53
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parents: 28
diff changeset
824 reatum poenae.</p><p title="I-II q. 87 a. 1 s. c."><a name="37258"><span class="ref">[37258] Iª-IIae q. 87 a. 1 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
825 est quod dicitur Rom. II, <i>tribulatio et angustia in animam omnem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
826 operantis malum</i>. Sed operari malum est peccare. Ergo peccatum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
827 inducit poenam, quae nomine tribulationis et angustiae
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
828 designatur.</p><p title="I-II q. 87 a. 1 co."><a name="37259"><span class="ref">[37259] Iª-IIae q. 87 a. 1 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
829 dicendum quod ex rebus naturalibus ad res humanas derivatur ut id
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parents: 26
diff changeset
830 quod contra aliquid insurgit, ab eo detrimentum patiatur. Videmus
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parents: 26
diff changeset
831 enim in rebus naturalibus quod unum contrarium vehementius agit,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
832 altero contrario superveniente, propter quod aquae calefactae magis
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parents: 26
diff changeset
833 congelantur, ut dicitur in I Meteor. Unde in hominibus hoc ex
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parents: 26
diff changeset
834 naturali inclinatione invenitur, ut unusquisque deprimat eum qui
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parents: 26
diff changeset
835 contra ipsum insurgit. Manifestum est autem quod quaecumque
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parents: 26
diff changeset
836 continentur sub aliquo ordine, sunt quodammodo unum in ordine ad
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parents: 26
diff changeset
837 principium ordinis. Unde quidquid contra ordinem aliquem insurgit,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
838 consequens est ut ab ipso ordine, vel principe ordinis, deprimatur.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
839 Cum autem peccatum sit actus inordinatus, manifestum est quod
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parents: 26
diff changeset
840 quicumque peccat, contra aliquem ordinem agit. Et ideo ab ipso
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
841 ordine consequens est quod deprimatur. Quae quidem depressio poena
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parents: 26
diff changeset
842 est. Unde secundum tres ordines quibus subditur humana voluntas,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
843 triplici poena potest homo puniri. Primo quidem enim subditur
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parents: 26
diff changeset
844 humana natura ordini propriae rationis; secundo, ordini exterioris
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parents: 26
diff changeset
845 hominis gubernantis vel spiritualiter vel temporaliter, politice
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parents: 26
diff changeset
846 seu oeconomice; tertio, subditur universali ordini divini
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parents: 26
diff changeset
847 regiminis. Quilibet autem horum ordinum per peccatum pervertitur,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
848 dum ille qui peccat, agit et contra rationem, et contra legem
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parents: 26
diff changeset
849 humanam, et contra legem divinam. Unde triplicem poenam incurrit,
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diff changeset
850 unam quidem a seipso, quae est conscientiae remorsus, aliam vero ab
53
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diff changeset
851 homine, tertiam vero a Deo.</p><p title="I-II q. 87 a. 1 ad 1"><a name="37260"><span class="ref">[37260] Iª-IIae q. 87 a. 1 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28
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diff changeset
852 ergo dicendum quod poena consequitur peccatum inquantum malum est,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
853 ratione suae inordinationis. Unde sicut malum est per accidens in
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parents: 26
diff changeset
854 actu peccantis, praeter intentionem ipsius, ita et reatus
53
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diff changeset
855 poenae.</p><p title="I-II q. 87 a. 1 ad 2"><a name="37261"><span class="ref">[37261] Iª-IIae q. 87 a. 1 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
856 dicendum quod poena quidem iusta esse potest et a Deo et ab homine
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parents: 26
diff changeset
857 inflicta, unde ipsa poena non est effectus peccati directe, sed
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parents: 26
diff changeset
858 solum dispositive. Sed peccatum facit hominem esse reum poenae,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
859 quod est malum, dicit enim Dionysius, IV cap. de Div. Nom., quod
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parents: 26
diff changeset
860 <i>puniri non est malum, sed fieri poena dignum</i>. Unde reatus
53
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diff changeset
861 poenae directe ponitur effectus peccati.</p><p title="I-II q. 87 a. 1 ad 3"><a name="37262"><span class="ref">[37262] Iª-IIae q. 87 a. 1 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
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diff changeset
862 dicendum quod poena illa inordinati animi debetur peccato ex hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
863 quod ordinem rationis pervertit. Fit autem reus alterius poenae,
53
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diff changeset
864 per hoc quod pervertit ordinem legis divinae vel humanae.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 2</h3><p title="I-II q. 87 a. 2 arg. 1"><a name="37263"><span class="ref">[37263] Iª-IIae q. 87 a. 2 arg. 1</span></a> Ad secundum
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
865 sic proceditur. Videtur quod peccatum non possit esse poena
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
866 peccati. Poenae enim sunt inductae ut per eas homines reducantur ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
867 bonum virtutis, ut patet per philosophum, in X Ethic. Sed per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
868 peccatum non reducitur homo in bonum virtutis, sed in oppositum.
53
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diff changeset
869 Ergo peccatum non est poena peccati.</p><p title="I-II q. 87 a. 2 arg. 2"><a name="37264"><span class="ref">[37264] Iª-IIae q. 87 a. 2 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
870 poenae iustae sunt a Deo, ut patet per Augustinum, in libro
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
871 octoginta trium quaest. Peccatum autem non est a Deo, et est
53
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diff changeset
872 iniustum. Non ergo peccatum potest esse poena peccati.</p><p title="I-II q. 87 a. 2 arg. 3"><a name="37265"><span class="ref">[37265] Iª-IIae q. 87 a. 2 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
873 de ratione poenae est quod sit contra voluntatem. Sed peccatum est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
874 a voluntate, ut ex supradictis patet. Ergo peccatum non potest esse
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
875 poena peccati.</p><p title="I-II q. 87 a. 2 s. c."><a name="37266"><span class="ref">[37266] Iª-IIae q. 87 a. 2 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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diff changeset
876 est quod Gregorius dicit, super Ezech., quod quaedam peccata sunt
53
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diff changeset
877 poenae peccati.</p><p title="I-II q. 87 a. 2 co."><a name="37267"><span class="ref">[37267] Iª-IIae q. 87 a. 2 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
878 dicendum quod de peccato dupliciter loqui possumus, per se, et per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
879 accidens. Per se quidem nullo modo peccatum potest esse poena
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
880 peccati. Peccatum enim per se consideratur secundum quod egreditur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
881 a voluntate, sic enim habet rationem culpae. De ratione autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
882 poenae est quod sit contra voluntatem, ut in primo habitum est.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
883 Unde manifestum est quod nullo modo, per se loquendo, peccatum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
884 potest esse poena peccati. Per accidens autem peccatum potest esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
885 poena peccati, tripliciter. Primo quidem, ex parte causae quae est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
886 remotio prohibentis. Sunt enim causae inclinantes ad peccatum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
887 passiones, tentatio Diaboli, et alia huiusmodi; quae quidem causae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
888 impediuntur per auxilium divinae gratiae, quae subtrahitur per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
889 peccatum. Unde cum ipsa subtractio gratiae sit quaedam poena, et a
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
890 Deo, ut supra dictum est; sequitur quod per accidens etiam peccatum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
891 quod ex hoc sequitur, poena dicatur. Et hoc modo loquitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
892 apostolus, Rom. I, dicens, <i>propter quod tradidit eos Deus in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
893 desideria cordis eorum</i>, quae sunt animae passiones, quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
894 scilicet deserti homines ab auxilio divinae gratiae, vincuntur a
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
895 passionibus. Et hoc modo semper peccatum dicitur esse poena
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
896 praecedentis peccati. Alio modo ex parte substantiae actus, quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
897 afflictionem inducit, sive sit actus interior, ut patet in ira et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
898 invidia; sive actus exterior, ut patet cum aliqui gravi labore
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
899 opprimuntur et damno, ut expleant actum peccati, secundum illud
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
900 Sap. V, <i>lassati sumus in via iniquitatis</i>. Tertio modo, ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
901 parte effectus, ut scilicet aliquod peccatum dicatur poena respectu
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
902 effectus consequentis. Et his duobus ultimis modis, unum peccatum
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
903 non solum est poena praecedentis peccati, sed etiam sui.</p><p title="I-II q. 87 a. 2 ad 1"><a name="37268"><span class="ref">[37268] Iª-IIae q. 87 a. 2 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
904 ergo dicendum quod hoc etiam quod aliqui puniuntur a Deo, dum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
905 permittit eos in aliqua peccata profluere, ad bonum virtutis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
906 ordinatur. Quandoque quidem etiam ipsorum qui peccant, cum scilicet
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
907 post peccatum humiliores et cautiores resurgunt. Semper autem est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
908 ad emendationem aliorum, qui videntes aliquos ruere de peccato in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
909 peccatum, magis reformidant peccare. In aliis autem duobus modis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
910 manifestum est quod poena ordinatur ad emendationem quia hoc ipsum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
911 quod homo laborem et detrimentum patitur in peccando, natum est
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
912 retrahere homines a peccato.</p><p title="I-II q. 87 a. 2 ad 2"><a name="37269"><span class="ref">[37269] Iª-IIae q. 87 a. 2 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
913 dicendum quod ratio illa procedit de peccato secundum se.</p><p title="I-II q. 87 a. 2 ad 3"><a name="37270"><span class="ref">[37270] Iª-IIae q. 87 a. 2 ad 3</span></a> Et similiter
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
914 dicendum est ad tertium.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 3</h3><p title="I-II q. 87 a. 3 arg. 1"><a name="37271"><span class="ref">[37271] Iª-IIae q. 87 a. 3 arg. 1</span></a> Ad tertium
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
915 sic proceditur. Videtur quod nullum peccatum inducat reatum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
916 aeternae poenae. Poena enim iusta adaequatur culpae, iustitia enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
917 aequalitas est. Unde dicitur Isaiae XXVII, <i>in mensura contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
918 mensuram, cum abiecta fuerit, iudicabit eam</i>. Sed peccatum est
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
919 temporale. Ergo non inducit reatum poenae aeternae.</p><p title="I-II q. 87 a. 3 arg. 2"><a name="37272"><span class="ref">[37272] Iª-IIae q. 87 a. 3 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
920 poenae medicinae quaedam sunt, ut dicitur in II Ethic. Sed nulla
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
921 medicina debet esse infinita, quia ordinatur ad finem; <i>quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
922 autem ordinatur ad finem, non est infinitum</i>, ut philosophus
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
923 dicit, in I Polit. Ergo nulla poena debet esse infinita.</p><p title="I-II q. 87 a. 3 arg. 3"><a name="37273"><span class="ref">[37273] Iª-IIae q. 87 a. 3 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
924 nullus semper facit aliquid, nisi propter se in ipso delectetur.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
925 <i>Sed Deus non delectatur in perditione hominum</i>, ut dicitur
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
926 Sap. I. Ergo non puniet homines poena sempiterna.</p><p title="I-II q. 87 a. 3 arg. 4"><a name="37274"><span class="ref">[37274] Iª-IIae q. 87 a. 3 arg. 4</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
927 nihil quod est per accidens, est infinitum. Sed poena est per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
928 accidens, non est enim secundum naturam eius qui punitur. Ergo non
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
929 potest in infinitum durare.</p><p title="I-II q. 87 a. 3 s. c."><a name="37275"><span class="ref">[37275] Iª-IIae q. 87 a. 3 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
930 est quod dicitur Matth. XXV, <i>ibunt hi in supplicium
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
931 aeternum</i>. Et Marc. III dicitur, <i>qui autem blasphemaverit in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
932 spiritum sanctum, non habebit remissionem in aeternum, sed erit
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
933 reus aeterni delicti</i>.</p><p title="I-II q. 87 a. 3 co."><a name="37276"><span class="ref">[37276] Iª-IIae q. 87 a. 3 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
934 dicendum quod, sicut supra dictum est, peccatum ex hoc inducit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
935 reatum poenae, quod pervertit aliquem ordinem. Manente autem causa,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
936 manet effectus. Unde quandiu perversitas ordinis remanet, necesse
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
937 est quod remaneat reatus poenae. Pervertit autem aliquis ordinem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
938 quandoque quidem reparabiliter, quandoque autem irreparabiliter.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
939 Semper enim defectus quo subtrahitur principium, irreparabilis est,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
940 si autem salvetur principium, eius virtute defectus reparari
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
941 possunt. Sicut si corrumpatur principium visivum, non potest fieri
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
942 visionis reparatio, nisi sola virtute divina, si vero, salvo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
943 principio visivo, aliqua impedimenta adveniant visioni, reparari
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
944 possunt per naturam vel per artem. Cuiuslibet autem ordinis est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
945 aliquod principium, per quod aliquis fit particeps illius ordinis.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
946 Et ideo si per peccatum corrumpatur principium ordinis quo voluntas
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
947 hominis subditur Deo, erit inordinatio, quantum est de se,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
948 irreparabilis, etsi reparari possit virtute divina. Principium
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
949 autem huius ordinis est ultimus finis, cui homo inhaeret per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
950 caritatem. Et ideo quaecumque peccata avertunt a Deo, caritatem
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
951 auferentia, quantum est de se, inducunt reatum aeternae poenae.</p><p title="I-II q. 87 a. 3 ad 1"><a name="37277"><span class="ref">[37277] Iª-IIae q. 87 a. 3 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
952 ergo dicendum quod poena peccato proportionatur secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
953 acerbitatem, tam in iudicio divino quam in humano, sicut Augustinus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
954 dicit, XXI de Civ. Dei, in nullo iudicio requiritur ut poena
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
955 adaequetur culpae secundum durationem. Non enim quia adulterium vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
956 homicidium in momento committitur, propter hoc momentanea poena
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
957 punitur, sed quandoque quidem perpetuo carcere vel exilio,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
958 quandoque etiam morte. In qua non consideratur occisionis mora, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
959 potius quod in perpetuum auferatur a societate viventium, et sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
960 repraesentat suo modo aeternitatem poenae inflictae divinitus.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
961 Iustum autem est, secundum Gregorium, quod qui in suo aeterno
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
962 peccavit contra Deum, in aeterno Dei puniatur. Dicitur autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
963 aliquis in suo aeterno peccasse, non solum secundum continuationem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
964 actus in tota hominis vita durantis, sed quia ex hoc ipso quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
965 finem in peccato constituit, voluntatem habet in aeternum peccandi.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
966 Unde dicit Gregorius, XXXIV Moral., quod <i>iniqui voluissent sine
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
967 fine vivere, ut sine fine potuissent in iniquitatibus
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
968 permanere</i>.</p><p title="I-II q. 87 a. 3 ad 2"><a name="37278"><span class="ref">[37278] Iª-IIae q. 87 a. 3 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
969 dicendum quod poena etiam quae secundum leges humanas infligitur,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
970 non semper est medicinalis ei qui punitur, sed solum aliis, sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
971 cum latro suspenditur, non ut ipse emendetur, sed propter alios, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
972 saltem metu poenae peccare desistant; secundum illud Prov. XIX,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
973 <i>pestilente flagellato, stultus sapientior erit</i>. Sic igitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
974 et aeternae poenae reproborum a Deo inflictae, sunt medicinales his
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
975 qui consideratione poenarum abstinent a peccatis; secundum illud
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
976 Psalmi LIX, <i>dedisti metuentibus te significationem, ut fugiant a
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
977 facie arcus, ut liberentur dilecti tui</i>.</p><p title="I-II q. 87 a. 3 ad 3"><a name="37279"><span class="ref">[37279] Iª-IIae q. 87 a. 3 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
978 dicendum quod Deus non delectatur in poenis propter ipsas; sed
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
979 delectatur in ordine suae iustitiae, quae haec requirit.</p><p title="I-II q. 87 a. 3 ad 4"><a name="37280"><span class="ref">[37280] Iª-IIae q. 87 a. 3 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
980 dicendum quod poena, etsi per accidens ordinetur ad naturam, per se
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
981 tamen ordinatur ad privationem ordinis et ad Dei iustitiam. Et
53
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parents: 28
diff changeset
982 ideo, durante inordinatione, semper durat poena.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 4</h3><p title="I-II q. 87 a. 4 arg. 1"><a name="37281"><span class="ref">[37281] Iª-IIae q. 87 a. 4 arg. 1</span></a> Ad quartum
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
983 sic proceditur. Videtur quod peccato debeatur poena infinita
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
984 secundum quantitatem. Dicitur enim Ierem. X, <i>corripe me, domine,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
985 veruntamen in iudicio, et non in furore tuo, ne forte ad nihilum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
986 redigas me</i>. Ira autem vel furor Dei metaphorice significat
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parents: 26
diff changeset
987 vindictam divinae iustitiae, redigi autem in nihilum est poena
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parents: 26
diff changeset
988 infinita, sicut et ex nihilo aliquid facere est virtutis infinitae.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
989 Ergo secundum vindictam divinam, peccatum punitur poena infinita
53
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parents: 28
diff changeset
990 secundum quantitatem.</p><p title="I-II q. 87 a. 4 arg. 2"><a name="37282"><span class="ref">[37282] Iª-IIae q. 87 a. 4 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
991 quantitati culpae respondet quantitas poenae; secundum illud
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
992 Deuteron. XXV, <i>pro mensura peccati erit et plagarum modus</i>.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
993 Sed peccatum quod contra Deum committitur, est infinitum, tanto
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
994 enim gravius est peccatum, quanto maior est persona contra quam
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
995 peccatur, sicut gravius peccatum est percutere principem quam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
996 percutere hominem privatum; Dei autem magnitudo est infinita. Ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
997 poena infinita debetur pro peccato quod contra Deum
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
998 committitur.</p><p title="I-II q. 87 a. 4 arg. 3"><a name="37283"><span class="ref">[37283] Iª-IIae q. 87 a. 4 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
999 dupliciter est aliquid infinitum, duratione scilicet, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1000 quantitate. Sed duratione est poena infinita. Ergo et
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
1001 quantitate.</p><p title="I-II q. 87 a. 4 s. c."><a name="37284"><span class="ref">[37284] Iª-IIae q. 87 a. 4 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1002 est quia secundum hoc omnium mortalium peccatorum poenae essent
53
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diff changeset
1003 aequales, non enim est infinitum infinito maius.</p><p title="I-II q. 87 a. 4 co."><a name="37285"><span class="ref">[37285] Iª-IIae q. 87 a. 4 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1004 dicendum quod poena proportionatur peccato. In peccato autem duo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1005 sunt. Quorum unum est aversio ab incommutabili bono, quod est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1006 infinitum, unde ex hac parte peccatum est infinitum. Aliud quod est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1007 in peccato, est inordinata conversio ad commutabile bonum. Et ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1008 hac parte peccatum est finitum, tum quia ipsum bonum commutabile
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1009 est finitum; tum quia ipsa conversio est finita, non enim possunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1010 esse actus creaturae infiniti. Ex parte igitur aversionis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1011 respondet peccato poena damni, quae etiam est infinita, est enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1012 amissio infiniti boni, scilicet Dei. Ex parte autem inordinatae
53
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parents: 28
diff changeset
1013 conversionis, respondet ei poena sensus, quae etiam est finita.</p><p title="I-II q. 87 a. 4 ad 1"><a name="37286"><span class="ref">[37286] Iª-IIae q. 87 a. 4 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1014 ergo dicendum quod omnino redigi in nihilum eum qui peccat, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1015 convenit divinae iustitiae, quia repugnat perpetuitati poenae, quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1016 est secundum divinam iustitiam, ut dictum est. Sed in nihilum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1017 redigi dicitur qui spiritualibus bonis privatur; secundum illud I
53
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parents: 28
diff changeset
1018 Cor. XIII, <i>si non habuero caritatem, nihil sum</i>.</p><p title="I-II q. 87 a. 4 ad 2"><a name="37287"><span class="ref">[37287] Iª-IIae q. 87 a. 4 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1019 dicendum quod ratio illa procedit de peccato ex parte aversionis,
53
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diff changeset
1020 sic enim homo contra Deum peccat.</p><p title="I-II q. 87 a. 4 ad 3"><a name="37288"><span class="ref">[37288] Iª-IIae q. 87 a. 4 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1021 dicendum quod duratio poenae respondet durationi culpae, non quidem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1022 ex parte actus, sed ex parte maculae, qua durante manet reatus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1023 poenae. Sed acerbitas poenae respondet gravitati culpae. Culpa
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1024 autem quae est irreparabilis, de se habet quod perpetuo duret, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1025 ideo debetur ei poena aeterna. Non autem ex parte conversionis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1026 habet infinitatem, et ideo non debetur ei ex hac parte poena
53
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diff changeset
1027 infinita secundum quantitatem.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 5</h3><p title="I-II q. 87 a. 5 arg. 1"><a name="37289"><span class="ref">[37289] Iª-IIae q. 87 a. 5 arg. 1</span></a> Ad quintum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1028 sic proceditur. Videtur quod omne peccatum inducat reatum poenae
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1029 aeternae. Poena enim, ut dictum est, proportionatur culpae. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1030 poena aeterna differt a temporali in infinitum. Nullum autem
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1031 peccatum differre videtur ab altero in infinitum, cum omne peccatum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1032 sit humanus actus, qui infinitus esse non potest. Cum ergo alicui
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1033 peccato debeatur poena aeterna, sicut dictum est, videtur quod
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
1034 nulli peccato debeatur poena temporalis tantum.</p><p title="I-II q. 87 a. 5 arg. 2"><a name="37290"><span class="ref">[37290] Iª-IIae q. 87 a. 5 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1035 peccatum originale est minimum peccatorum, unde et Augustinus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1036 dicit, in Enchirid., quod <i>mitissima poena est eorum qui pro solo
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1037 peccato originali puniuntur</i>. Sed peccato originali debetur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1038 poena perpetua, nunquam enim videbunt regnum Dei pueri qui sine
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1039 Baptismo decesserunt cum originali peccato; ut patet per id quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1040 dominus dicit, Ioan. III, <i>nisi quis renatus fuerit denuo, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1041 potest videre regnum Dei</i>. Ergo multo magis omnium aliorum
53
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diff changeset
1042 peccatorum poena erit aeterna.</p><p title="I-II q. 87 a. 5 arg. 3"><a name="37291"><span class="ref">[37291] Iª-IIae q. 87 a. 5 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1043 peccato non debetur maior poena ex hoc quod alteri peccato
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1044 adiungitur, cum utrumque peccatum suam habeat poenam taxatam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1045 secundum divinam iustitiam. Sed peccato veniali debetur poena
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1046 aeterna, si cum mortali peccato inveniatur in aliquo damnato, quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1047 in Inferno nulla potest esse remissio. Ergo peccato veniali
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1048 simpliciter debetur poena aeterna. Nulli ergo peccato debetur poena
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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diff changeset
1049 temporalis.</p><p title="I-II q. 87 a. 5 s. c."><a name="37292"><span class="ref">[37292] Iª-IIae q. 87 a. 5 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1050 est quod Gregorius dicit, in IV Dialog., quod quaedam leviores
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1051 culpae post hanc vitam remittuntur. Non ergo omnia peccata aeterna
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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diff changeset
1052 poena puniuntur.</p><p title="I-II q. 87 a. 5 co."><a name="37293"><span class="ref">[37293] Iª-IIae q. 87 a. 5 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1053 dicendum quod, sicut supra dictum est, peccatum causat reatum
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1054 poenae aeternae, inquantum irreparabiliter repugnat ordini divinae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1055 iustitiae, per hoc scilicet quod contrariatur ipsi principio
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1056 ordinis, quod est ultimus finis. Manifestum est autem quod in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1057 quibusdam peccatis est quidem aliqua inordinatio, non tamen per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1058 contrarietatem ad ultimum finem, sed solum circa ea quae sunt ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1059 finem, inquantum plus vel minus debite eis intenditur, salvato
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1060 tamen ordine ad ultimum finem, puta cum homo, etsi nimis ad aliquam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1061 rem temporalem afficiatur, non tamen pro ea vellet Deum offendere,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1062 aliquid contra praeceptum eius faciendo. Unde huiusmodi peccatis
53
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diff changeset
1063 non debetur aeterna poena, sed temporalis.</p><p title="I-II q. 87 a. 5 ad 1"><a name="37294"><span class="ref">[37294] Iª-IIae q. 87 a. 5 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1064 ergo dicendum quod peccata non differunt in infinitum ex parte
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1065 conversionis ad bonum commutabile, in qua consistit substantia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1066 actus, differunt autem in infinitum ex parte aversionis. Nam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1067 quaedam peccata committuntur per aversionem ab ultimo fine, quaedam
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1068 vero per inordinationem circa ea quae sunt ad finem. Finis autem
53
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diff changeset
1069 ultimus ab his quae sunt ad finem, in infinitum differt.</p><p title="I-II q. 87 a. 5 ad 2"><a name="37295"><span class="ref">[37295] Iª-IIae q. 87 a. 5 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1070 dicendum quod peccato originali non debetur poena aeterna ratione
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1071 suae gravitatis, sed ratione conditionis subiecti, scilicet hominis
53
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diff changeset
1072 qui sine gratia invenitur, per quam solam fit remissio poenae.</p><p title="I-II q. 87 a. 5 ad 3"><a name="37296"><span class="ref">[37296] Iª-IIae q. 87 a. 5 ad 3</span></a> Et similiter
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1073 dicendum est ad tertium, de veniali peccato. Aeternitas enim poenae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1074 non respondet quantitati culpae, sed irremissibilitati ipsius, ut
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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diff changeset
1075 dictum est.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 6</h3><p title="I-II q. 87 a. 6 arg. 1"><a name="37297"><span class="ref">[37297] Iª-IIae q. 87 a. 6 arg. 1</span></a> Ad sextum
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1076 sic proceditur. Videtur quod reatus poenae non remaneat post
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1077 peccatum. Remota enim causa, removetur effectus. Sed peccatum est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1078 causa reatus poenae. Ergo, remoto peccato, cessat reatus
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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diff changeset
1079 poenae.</p><p title="I-II q. 87 a. 6 arg. 2"><a name="37298"><span class="ref">[37298] Iª-IIae q. 87 a. 6 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1080 peccatum removetur per hoc quod homo ad virtutem redit. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1081 virtuoso non debetur poena, sed magis praemium. Ergo, remoto
53
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diff changeset
1082 peccato, non remanet reatus poenae.</p><p title="I-II q. 87 a. 6 arg. 3"><a name="37299"><span class="ref">[37299] Iª-IIae q. 87 a. 6 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1083 poenae sunt medicinae, ut dicitur in II Ethic. Sed postquam aliquis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1084 iam est ab infirmitate curatus, non adhibetur sibi medicina. Ergo,
53
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diff changeset
1085 remoto peccato, non remanet debitum poenae.</p><p title="I-II q. 87 a. 6 s. c."><a name="37300"><span class="ref">[37300] Iª-IIae q. 87 a. 6 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1086 est quod dicitur II Reg. XII, quod <i>David dixit ad Nathan,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1087 peccavi domino. Dixitque Nathan ad David, dominus quoque transtulit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1088 peccatum tuum, non morieris. Veruntamen quia blasphemare fecisti
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1089 inimicos nomen domini, filius qui natus est tibi, morte
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1090 morietur</i>. Punitur ergo aliquis a Deo etiam postquam ei peccatum
53
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diff changeset
1091 dimittitur. Et sic reatus poenae remanet, peccato remoto.</p><p title="I-II q. 87 a. 6 co."><a name="37301"><span class="ref">[37301] Iª-IIae q. 87 a. 6 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1092 dicendum quod in peccato duo possunt considerari, scilicet actus
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1093 culpae, et macula sequens. Planum est autem quod, cessante actu
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1094 peccati, remanet reatus, in omnibus peccatis actualibus. Actus enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1095 peccati facit hominem reum poenae, inquantum transgreditur ordinem
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1096 divinae iustitiae; ad quem non redit nisi per quandam
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1097 recompensationem poenae, quae ad aequalitatem iustitiae reducit; ut
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1098 scilicet qui plus voluntati suae indulsit quam debuit, contra
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1099 mandatum Dei agens, secundum ordinem divinae iustitiae, aliquid
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1100 contra illud quod vellet, spontaneus vel invitus patiatur. Quod
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1101 etiam in iniuriis hominibus factis observatur, ut per
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1102 recompensationem poenae reintegretur aequalitas iustitiae. Unde
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1103 patet quod, cessante actu peccati vel iniuriae illatae, adhuc
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1104 remanet debitum poenae. Sed si loquamur de ablatione peccati
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1105 quantum ad maculam, sic manifestum est quod macula peccati ab anima
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1106 auferri non potest, nisi per hoc quod anima Deo coniungitur, per
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1107 cuius distantiam detrimentum proprii nitoris incurrebat, quod est
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1108 macula, ut supra dictum est. Coniungitur autem homo Deo per
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1109 voluntatem. Unde macula peccati ab homine tolli non potest nisi
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1110 voluntas hominis ordinem divinae iustitiae acceptet, ut scilicet
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1111 vel ipse poenam sibi spontaneus assumat in recompensationem culpae
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1112 praeteritae, vel etiam a Deo illatam patienter sustineat, utroque
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1113 enim modo poena rationem satisfactionis habet. Poena autem
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1114 satisfactoria diminuit aliquid de ratione poenae. Est enim de
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1115 ratione poenae quod sit contra voluntatem. Poena autem
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1116 satisfactoria, etsi secundum absolutam considerationem sit contra
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1117 voluntatem, tamen tunc, et pro hoc, est voluntaria. Unde
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1118 simpliciter est voluntaria, secundum quid autem involuntaria, sicut
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1119 patet ex his quae supra de voluntario et involuntario dicta sunt.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1120 Dicendum est ergo quod, remota macula culpae, potest quidem
53
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diff changeset
1121 remanere reatus non poenae simpliciter, sed satisfactoriae.</p><p title="I-II q. 87 a. 6 ad 1"><a name="37302"><span class="ref">[37302] Iª-IIae q. 87 a. 6 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1122 ergo dicendum quod sicut, cessante actu peccati, remanet macula, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1123 supra dictum est; ita etiam potest remanere reatus. Cessante vero
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1124 macula, non remanet reatus secundum eandem rationem, ut dictum
53
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diff changeset
1125 est.</p><p title="I-II q. 87 a. 6 ad 2"><a name="37303"><span class="ref">[37303] Iª-IIae q. 87 a. 6 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1126 dicendum quod virtuoso non debetur poena simpliciter, potest tamen
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1127 sibi deberi poena ut satisfactoria, quia hoc ipsum ad virtutem
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diff changeset
1128 pertinet, ut satisfaciat pro his in quibus offendit vel Deum vel
53
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diff changeset
1129 hominem.</p><p title="I-II q. 87 a. 6 ad 3"><a name="37304"><span class="ref">[37304] Iª-IIae q. 87 a. 6 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
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diff changeset
1130 dicendum quod, remota macula, sanatum est vulnus peccati quantum ad
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1131 voluntatem. Requiritur autem adhuc poena ad sanationem aliarum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1132 virium animae, quae per peccatum praecedens deordinatae fuerunt, ut
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1133 scilicet per contraria curentur. Requiritur etiam ad restituendum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1134 aequalitatem iustitiae; et ad amovendum scandalum aliorum, ut
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diff changeset
1135 aedificentur in poena qui sunt scandalizati in culpa; ut patet ex
53
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diff changeset
1136 exemplo de David inducto.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 7</h3><p title="I-II q. 87 a. 7 arg. 1"><a name="37305"><span class="ref">[37305] Iª-IIae q. 87 a. 7 arg. 1</span></a> Ad septimum
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1137 sic proceditur. Videtur quod non omnis poena sit propter aliquam
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1138 culpam. Dicitur enim Ioan. IX, de caeco nato, <i>neque hic
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diff changeset
1139 peccavit, neque parentes eius, ut nasceretur caecus</i>. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1140 similiter videmus quod multi pueri, etiam baptizati, graves poenas
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1141 patiuntur, ut puta febres, Daemonum oppressiones, et multa
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1142 huiusmodi, cum tamen in eis non sit peccatum, postquam sunt
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1143 baptizati. Et antequam sint baptizati, non est in eis plus de
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diff changeset
1144 peccato quam in aliis pueris, qui haec non patiuntur. Non ergo
53
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diff changeset
1145 omnis poena est pro peccato.</p><p title="I-II q. 87 a. 7 arg. 2"><a name="37306"><span class="ref">[37306] Iª-IIae q. 87 a. 7 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1146 eiusdem rationis esse videtur quod peccatores prosperentur, et quod
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1147 aliqui innocentes puniantur. Utrumque autem in rebus humanis
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1148 frequenter invenimus, dicitur enim de iniquis in Psalmo LXXII,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1149 <i>in labore hominum non sunt, et cum hominibus non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1150 flagellabuntur</i>; et Iob XXI, <i>impii vivunt, sublevati sunt,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1151 confortatique divitiis</i>; et Habacuc I, dicitur, <i>quare
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1152 respicis contemptores et taces, conculcante impio iustiorem se?</i>
53
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diff changeset
1153 Non ergo omnis poena infligitur pro culpa.</p><p title="I-II q. 87 a. 7 arg. 3"><a name="37307"><span class="ref">[37307] Iª-IIae q. 87 a. 7 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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diff changeset
1154 de Christo dicitur I Pet. II, quod <i>peccatum non fecit, nec
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1155 inventus est dolus in ore eius</i>. Et tamen ibidem dicitur quod
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1156 <i>passus est pro nobis</i>. Ergo non semper poena a Deo
53
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diff changeset
1157 dispensatur pro culpa.</p><p title="I-II q. 87 a. 7 s. c."><a name="37308"><span class="ref">[37308] Iª-IIae q. 87 a. 7 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1158 est quod dicitur Iob IV, <i>quis unquam innocens periit? Aut quando
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1159 recti deleti sunt? Quin potius vidi eos qui operantur iniquitatem,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1160 flante Deo, periisse</i>. Et Augustinus dicit, in I Retract., quod
53
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diff changeset
1161 <i>omnis poena iusta est, et pro peccato aliquo impenditur</i>.</p><p title="I-II q. 87 a. 7 co."><a name="37309"><span class="ref">[37309] Iª-IIae q. 87 a. 7 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1162 dicendum quod, sicut iam dictum est, poena potest dupliciter
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1163 considerari, simpliciter, et inquantum est satisfactoria. Poena
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1164 quidem satisfactoria est quodammodo voluntaria. Et quia contingit
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1165 eos qui differunt in reatu poenae, esse unum secundum voluntatem
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1166 unione amoris, inde est quod interdum aliquis qui non peccavit,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1167 poenam voluntarius pro alio portat, sicut etiam in rebus humanis
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1168 videmus quod aliquis in se transfert alterius debitum. Si vero
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1169 loquamur de poena simpliciter, secundum quod habet rationem poenae,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1170 sic semper habet ordinem ad culpam propriam, sed quandoque quidem
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1171 ad culpam actualem, puta quando aliquis vel a Deo vel ab homine pro
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1172 peccato commisso punitur; quandoque vero ad culpam originalem. Et
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1173 hoc quidem vel principaliter, vel consequenter. Principaliter
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1174 quidem poena originalis peccati est quod natura humana sibi
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1175 relinquitur, destituta auxilio originalis iustitiae, sed ad hoc
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1176 consequuntur omnes poenalitates quae ex defectu naturae in
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1177 hominibus contingunt. Sciendum tamen est quod quandoque aliquid
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1178 videtur esse poenale, quod tamen non habet simpliciter rationem
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1179 poenae. Poena enim est species mali, ut in primo dictum est. Malum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1180 autem est privatio boni. Cum autem sint plura hominis bona,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1181 scilicet animae, corporis, et exteriorum rerum; contingit interdum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1182 quod homo patiatur detrimentum in minori bono, ut augeatur in
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1183 maiori, sicut cum patitur detrimentum pecuniae propter sanitatem
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1184 corporis, vel in utroque horum propter salutem animae et propter
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1185 gloriam Dei. Et tunc tale detrimentum non est simpliciter malum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1186 hominis, sed secundum quid. Unde non dicit simpliciter rationem
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1187 poenae, sed medicinae, nam et medici austeras potiones propinant
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1188 infirmis, ut conferant sanitatem. Et quia huiusmodi non proprie
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1189 habent rationem poenae, non reducuntur ad culpam sicut ad causam,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1190 nisi pro tanto, quia hoc ipsum quod oportet humanae naturae
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1191 medicinas poenales exhibere, est ex corruptione naturae, quae est
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1192 poena originalis peccati. In statu enim innocentiae non oportuisset
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1193 aliquem ad profectum virtutis inducere per poenalia exercitia. Unde
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1194 hoc ipsum quod est poenale in talibus reducitur ad originalem
53
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parents: 28
diff changeset
1195 culpam sicut ad causam.</p><p title="I-II q. 87 a. 7 ad 1"><a name="37310"><span class="ref">[37310] Iª-IIae q. 87 a. 7 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28
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diff changeset
1196 ergo dicendum quod huiusmodi defectus eorum qui nascuntur, vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1197 etiam puerorum, sunt effectus et poenae originalis peccati, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1198 dictum est. Et manent etiam post Baptismum, propter causam superius
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1199 dictam. Et quod non sint aequaliter in omnibus, contingit propter
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1200 naturae diversitatem, quae sibi relinquitur, ut supra dictum est.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1201 Ordinantur tamen huiusmodi defectus, secundum divinam providentiam,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1202 ad salutem hominum, vel eorum qui patiuntur, vel aliorum, qui
53
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parents: 28
diff changeset
1203 poenis admonentur; et etiam ad gloriam Dei.</p><p title="I-II q. 87 a. 7 ad 2"><a name="37311"><span class="ref">[37311] Iª-IIae q. 87 a. 7 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1204 dicendum quod bona temporalia et corporalia sunt quidem aliqua bona
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1205 hominis, sed parva, bona vero spiritualia sunt magna hominis bona.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1206 Pertinet igitur ad divinam iustitiam ut virtuosis det spiritualia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1207 bona; et de temporalibus bonis vel malis tantum det eis, quantum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1208 sufficit ad virtutem, ut enim Dionysius dicit, VIII cap. de Div.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1209 Nom., <i>divinae iustitiae est non emollire optimorum fortitudinem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1210 materialium donationibus</i>. Aliis vero hoc ipsum quod temporalia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1211 dantur, in malum spiritualium cedit. Unde in Psalmo LXXII
53
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diff changeset
1212 concluditur, <i>ideo tenuit eos superbia</i>.</p><p title="I-II q. 87 a. 7 ad 3"><a name="37312"><span class="ref">[37312] Iª-IIae q. 87 a. 7 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1213 dicendum quod Christus poenam sustinuit satisfactoriam non pro
53
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diff changeset
1214 suis, sed pro nostris peccatis.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 8</h3><p title="I-II q. 87 a. 8 arg. 1"><a name="37313"><span class="ref">[37313] Iª-IIae q. 87 a. 8 arg. 1</span></a> Ad octavum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1215 sic proceditur. Videtur quod aliquis puniatur pro peccato alterius.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1216 Dicitur enim Exodi XX, <i>ego sum Deus Zelotes, visitans
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1217 iniquitatem patrum in filios in tertiam et quartam generationem,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1218 his qui oderunt me</i>. Et Matth. XXIII dicitur, <i>ut veniat super
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
1219 vos omnis sanguis iustus qui effusus est super terram</i>.</p><p title="I-II q. 87 a. 8 arg. 2"><a name="37314"><span class="ref">[37314] Iª-IIae q. 87 a. 8 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1220 iustitia humana derivatur a iustitia divina. Sed secundum iustitiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1221 humanam aliquando filii puniuntur pro parentibus, sicut patet in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1222 crimine laesae maiestatis. Ergo etiam secundum divinam iustitiam,
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
1223 unus punitur pro peccato alterius.</p><p title="I-II q. 87 a. 8 arg. 3"><a name="37315"><span class="ref">[37315] Iª-IIae q. 87 a. 8 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1224 si dicatur filius non puniri pro peccato patris, sed pro peccato
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1225 proprio, inquantum imitatur malitiam paternam, non magis hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1226 diceretur de filiis quam de extraneis, qui simili poena puniuntur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1227 his quorum peccata imitantur. Non ergo videtur quod filii pro
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
1228 peccatis propriis puniantur, sed pro peccatis parentum.</p><p title="I-II q. 87 a. 8 s. c."><a name="37316"><span class="ref">[37316] Iª-IIae q. 87 a. 8 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1229 est quod dicitur Ezech. XVIII, <i>filius non portabit iniquitatem
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
1230 patris</i>.</p><p title="I-II q. 87 a. 8 co."><a name="37317"><span class="ref">[37317] Iª-IIae q. 87 a. 8 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1231 dicendum quod, si loquamur de poena satisfactoria, quae voluntarie
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1232 assumitur, contingit quod unus portet poenam alterius inquantum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1233 sunt quodammodo unum, sicut iam dictum est. Si autem loquamur de
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1234 poena pro peccato inflicta, inquantum habet rationem poenae, sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1235 solum unusquisque pro peccato suo punitur, quia actus peccati
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1236 aliquid personale est. Si autem loquamur de poena quae habet
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1237 rationem medicinae, sic contingit quod unus punitur pro peccato
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1238 alterius. Dictum est enim quod detrimenta corporalium rerum, vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1239 etiam ipsius corporis, sunt quaedam poenales medicinae ordinatae ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1240 salutem animae. Unde nihil prohibet talibus poenis aliquem puniri
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1241 pro peccato alterius, vel a Deo vel ab homine, utpote filios pro
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1242 patribus, et subditos pro dominis, inquantum sunt quaedam res
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1243 eorum. Ita tamen quod, si filius vel subditus est particeps culpae,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1244 huiusmodi poenalis defectus habet rationem poenae quantum ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1245 utrumque, scilicet eum qui punitur, et eum pro quo punitur. Si vero
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1246 non sit particeps culpae, habet rationem poenae quantum ad eum pro
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1247 quo punitur, quantum vero ad eum qui punitur, rationem medicinae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1248 tantum, nisi per accidens, inquantum peccato alterius consentit;
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1249 ordinatur enim ei ad bonum animae, si patienter sustineat. Poenae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1250 vero spirituales non sunt medicinales tantum, quia bonum animae non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1251 ordinatur ad aliud melius bonum. Unde in bonis animae nullus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1252 patitur detrimentum sine culpa propria. Et propter hoc etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1253 talibus poenis, ut dicit Augustinus in epistola ad avitum, unus non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1254 punitur pro alio, quia quantum ad animam, filius non est res
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1255 patris. Unde et huius causam dominus assignans, dicit, Ezech.
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
1256 XVIII, <i>omnes animae meae sunt</i>.</p><p title="I-II q. 87 a. 8 ad 1"><a name="37318"><span class="ref">[37318] Iª-IIae q. 87 a. 8 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1257 ergo dicendum quod utrumque dictum videtur esse referendum ad
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1258 poenas temporales vel corporales, inquantum filii sunt res quaedam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1259 parentum, et successores praedecessorum. Vel si referatur ad poenas
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1260 spirituales, hoc dicitur propter imitationem culpae, unde in Exodo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1261 additur, <i>his qui oderunt me</i>; et in Matthaeo dicitur, <i>et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1262 vos implete mensuram patrum vestrorum</i>. Dicit autem puniri
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1263 peccata patrum in filiis, quia filii, in peccatis parentum nutriti,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1264 proniores sunt ad peccandum, tum propter consuetudinem; tum etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1265 propter exemplum, patrum quasi auctoritatem sequentes. Sunt etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1266 maiori poena digni, si, poenas patrum videntes, correcti non sunt.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1267 Ideo autem addidit, in tertiam et quartam generationem, quia tantum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1268 consueverunt homines vivere, ut tertiam et quartam generationem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1269 videant; et sic mutuo videre possunt et filii peccata patrum ad
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
1270 imitandum, et patres poenas filiorum ad dolendum.</p><p title="I-II q. 87 a. 8 ad 2"><a name="37319"><span class="ref">[37319] Iª-IIae q. 87 a. 8 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1271 dicendum quod poenae illae sunt corporales et temporales quas
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1272 iustitia humana uni pro peccato alterius infligit. Et sunt remedia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1273 quaedam, vel medicinae, contra culpas sequentes, ut vel ipsi qui
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
1274 puniuntur, vel alii, cohibeantur a similibus culpis.</p><p title="I-II q. 87 a. 8 ad 3"><a name="37320"><span class="ref">[37320] Iª-IIae q. 87 a. 8 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
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diff changeset
1275 dicendum quod magis dicuntur puniri pro peccatis aliorum propinqui
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1276 quam extranei, tum quia poena propinquorum quodammodo redundat in
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1277 illos qui peccaverunt, ut dictum est, inquantum filius est quaedam
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1278 res patris. Tum etiam quia et domestica exempla, et domesticae
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1279 poenae, magis movent. Unde quando aliquis nutritus est in peccatis
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1280 parentum, vehementius ea sequitur; et si ex eorum poenis non est
53
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diff changeset
1281 deterritus, obstinatior videtur; unde et maiori poena dignus.</p></div></div><div class="q" id="q88"><h2>Quaestio 88</h2><div class="p"><h3>Prooemium</h3><p title="I-II q. 88 pr."><a name="37321"><span class="ref">[37321]
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diff changeset
1282 Iª-IIae q. 88 pr.</span></a> Deinde, quia peccatum veniale et
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1283 mortale distinguuntur secundum reatum, considerandum est de eis. Et
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1284 primo, considerandum est de veniali per comparationem ad mortale;
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1285 secundo, de veniali secundum se. Circa primum quaeruntur sex.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1286 Primo, utrum veniale peccatum convenienter dividatur contra
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1287 mortale. Secundo, utrum distinguantur genere. Tertio, utrum veniale
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1288 peccatum sit dispositio ad mortale. Quarto, utrum veniale peccatum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1289 possit fieri mortale. Quinto, utrum circumstantia aggravans possit
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1290 de veniali peccato facere mortale. Sexto, utrum peccatum mortale
53
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diff changeset
1291 possit fieri veniale.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 1</h3><p title="I-II q. 88 a. 1 arg. 1"><a name="37322"><span class="ref">[37322] Iª-IIae q. 88 a. 1 arg. 1</span></a> Ad primum
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1292 sic proceditur. Videtur quod veniale peccatum non convenienter
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1293 dividatur contra mortale. Dicit enim Augustinus, XXII libro contra
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1294 Faustum, <i>peccatum est dictum vel factum vel concupitum contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1295 legem aeternam</i>. Sed esse contra legem aeternam, dat peccato
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1296 quod sit mortale. Ergo omne peccatum est mortale. Non ergo peccatum
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
1297 veniale dividitur contra mortale.</p><p title="I-II q. 88 a. 1 arg. 2"><a name="37323"><span class="ref">[37323] Iª-IIae q. 88 a. 1 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1298 apostolus dicit, I Cor. X, <i>sive manducatis, sive bibitis, sive
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1299 aliquid aliud facitis, omnia in gloriam Dei facite</i>. Sed contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1300 hoc praeceptum facit quicumque peccat, non enim peccatum fit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1301 propter gloriam Dei. Cum ergo facere contra praeceptum sit peccatum
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
1302 mortale, videtur quod quicumque peccat, mortaliter peccet.</p><p title="I-II q. 88 a. 1 arg. 3"><a name="37324"><span class="ref">[37324] Iª-IIae q. 88 a. 1 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1303 quicumque amore alicui rei inhaeret, inhaeret ei vel sicut fruens,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1304 vel sicut utens; ut patet per Augustinum, in I de Doctr. Christ.
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1305 Sed nullus peccans inhaeret bono commutabili quasi utens, non enim
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1306 refert ipsum ad bonum quod nos beatos facit, quod proprie est uti,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1307 ut Augustinus dicit ibidem. Ergo quicumque peccat, fruitur bono
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1308 commutabili. <i>Sed frui rebus utendis est humana perversitas</i>,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1309 ut Augustinus dicit, in libro octoginta trium quaest. Cum ergo
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1310 perversitas peccatum mortale nominet, videtur quod quicumque
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
1311 peccat, mortaliter peccet.</p><p title="I-II q. 88 a. 1 arg. 4"><a name="37325"><span class="ref">[37325] Iª-IIae q. 88 a. 1 arg. 4</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1312 quicumque accedit ad unum terminum, ex hoc ipso recedit ab alio.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1313 Sed quicumque peccat, accedit ad bonum commutabile. Ergo recedit a
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1314 bono incommutabili. Ergo peccat mortaliter. Non ergo convenienter
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
1315 peccatum veniale contra mortale dividitur.</p><p title="I-II q. 88 a. 1 s. c."><a name="37326"><span class="ref">[37326] Iª-IIae q. 88 a. 1 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1316 est quod Augustinus dicit, in Homil. XLI super Ioan., <i>quod
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1317 crimen est quod damnationem meretur, veniale autem est quod non
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1318 meretur damnationem</i>. Sed crimen nominat peccatum mortale. Ergo
53
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parents: 28
diff changeset
1319 veniale peccatum convenienter dividitur contra mortale.</p><p title="I-II q. 88 a. 1 co."><a name="37327"><span class="ref">[37327] Iª-IIae q. 88 a. 1 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1320 dicendum quod aliqua, secundum quod proprie accipiuntur, non
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1321 videntur esse opposita, quae si metaphorice accipiantur, opponi
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1322 inveniuntur, sicut ridere non opponitur ei quod est arescere; sed
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1323 secundum quod ridere metaphorice de prato dicitur propter eius
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1324 floritionem et virorem, opponitur ei quod est arescere. Similiter
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1325 si mortale proprie accipiatur, prout refertur ad mortem corporalem,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1326 non videtur oppositionem habere cum veniali, nec ad idem genus
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1327 pertinere. Sed si mortale accipiatur metaphorice, secundum quod
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1328 dicitur in peccatis, mortale opponitur ei quod est veniale. Cum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1329 enim peccatum sit quaedam infirmitas animae, ut supra habitum est,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1330 peccatum aliquod mortale dicitur ad similitudinem morbi, qui
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1331 dicitur mortalis ex eo quod inducit defectum irreparabilem per
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1332 destitutionem alicuius principii, ut dictum est. Principium autem
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1333 spiritualis vitae, quae est secundum virtutem, est ordo ad ultimum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1334 finem, ut supra dictum est. Qui quidem si destitutus fuerit,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1335 reparari non potest per aliquod principium intrinsecum, sed solum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1336 per virtutem divinam, ut supra dictum est, quia inordinationes
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1337 eorum quae sunt ad finem, reparantur ex fine, sicut error qui
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1338 accidit circa conclusiones, per veritatem principiorum. Defectus
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1339 ergo ordinis ultimi finis non potest per aliquid aliud reparari
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1340 quod sit principalius; sicut nec error qui est circa principia. Et
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1341 ideo huiusmodi peccata dicuntur mortalia, quasi irreparabilia.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1342 Peccata autem quae habent inordinationem circa ea quae sunt ad
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1343 finem, conservato ordine ad ultimum finem, reparabilia sunt. Et
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1344 haec dicuntur venialia, tunc enim peccatum veniam habet, quando
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1345 reatus poenae tollitur, qui cessat cessante peccato, ut dictum est.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1346 Secundum hoc ergo, mortale et veniale opponuntur sicut reparabile
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1347 et irreparabile. Et hoc dico per principium interius, non autem per
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1348 comparationem ad virtutem divinam, quae omnem morbum et corporalem
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1349 et spiritualem potest reparare. Et propter hoc veniale peccatum
53
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diff changeset
1350 convenienter dividitur contra mortale.</p><p title="I-II q. 88 a. 1 ad 1"><a name="37328"><span class="ref">[37328] Iª-IIae q. 88 a. 1 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1351 ergo dicendum quod divisio peccati venialis et mortalis non est
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1352 divisio generis in species, quae aequaliter participent rationem
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1353 generis, sed analogi in ea de quibus praedicatur secundum prius et
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1354 posterius. Et ideo perfecta ratio peccati, quam Augustinus ponit,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1355 convenit peccato mortali. Peccatum autem veniale dicitur peccatum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1356 secundum rationem imperfectam, et in ordine ad peccatum mortale,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1357 sicut accidens dicitur ens in ordine ad substantiam, secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1358 imperfectam rationem entis. Non enim est contra legem, quia
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1359 venialiter peccans non facit quod lex prohibet, nec praetermittit
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1360 id ad quod lex per praeceptum obligat; sed facit praeter legem,
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
1361 quia non observat modum rationis quem lex intendit.</p><p title="I-II q. 88 a. 1 ad 2"><a name="37329"><span class="ref">[37329] Iª-IIae q. 88 a. 1 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1362 dicendum quod illud praeceptum apostoli est affirmativum, unde non
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1363 obligat ad semper. Et sic non facit contra hoc praeceptum quicumque
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1364 non actu refert in gloriam Dei omne quod facit. Sufficit ergo quod
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1365 aliquis habitualiter referat se et omnia sua in Deum, ad hoc quod
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1366 non semper mortaliter peccet, cum aliquem actum non refert in
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1367 gloriam Dei actualiter. Veniale autem peccatum non excludit
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1368 habitualem ordinationem actus humani in gloriam Dei, sed solum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1369 actualem, quia non excludit caritatem, quae habitualiter ordinat in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1370 Deum. Unde non sequitur quod ille qui peccat venialiter, peccet
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
1371 mortaliter.</p><p title="I-II q. 88 a. 1 ad 3"><a name="37330"><span class="ref">[37330] Iª-IIae q. 88 a. 1 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1372 dicendum quod ille qui peccat venialiter, inhaeret bono temporali
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1373 non ut fruens, quia non constituit in eo finem; sed ut utens,
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
1374 referens in Deum non actu, sed habitu.</p><p title="I-II q. 88 a. 1 ad 4"><a name="37331"><span class="ref">[37331] Iª-IIae q. 88 a. 1 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1375 dicendum quod bonum commutabile non accipitur ut terminus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1376 contrapositus incommutabili bono, nisi quando constituitur in eo
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
1377 finis. Quod enim est ad finem, non habet rationem termini.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 2</h3><p title="I-II q. 88 a. 2 arg. 1"><a name="37332"><span class="ref">[37332] Iª-IIae q. 88 a. 2 arg. 1</span></a> Ad secundum
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1378 sic proceditur. Videtur quod peccatum veniale et mortale non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1379 differant genere, ita scilicet quod aliquod sit peccatum mortale ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1380 genere, et aliquod veniale ex genere. Bonum enim et malum ex genere
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1381 in actibus humanis accipitur per comparationem ad materiam sive ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1382 obiectum, ut supra dictum est. Sed secundum quodlibet obiectum vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1383 materiam, contingit peccare mortaliter et venialiter, quodlibet
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1384 enim bonum commutabile potest homo diligere vel infra Deum, quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1385 est peccare venialiter, vel supra Deum quod est peccare mortaliter.
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
1386 Ergo peccatum veniale et mortale non differunt genere.</p><p title="I-II q. 88 a. 2 arg. 2"><a name="37333"><span class="ref">[37333] Iª-IIae q. 88 a. 2 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1387 sicut dictum est supra, peccatum mortale dicitur quod est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1388 irreparabile, peccatum autem veniale quod est reparabile. Sed esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1389 irreparabile convenit peccato quod fit ex malitia, quod secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1390 quosdam irremissibile dicitur, esse autem reparabile convenit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1391 peccato quod fit per infirmitatem vel ignorantiam, quod dicitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1392 remissibile. Ergo peccatum mortale et veniale differunt sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1393 peccatum quod est ex malitia commissum, vel ex infirmitate et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1394 ignorantia. Sed secundum hoc non differunt peccata genere, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1395 causa, ut supra dictum est. Ergo peccatum veniale et mortale non
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
1396 differunt genere.</p><p title="I-II q. 88 a. 2 arg. 3"><a name="37334"><span class="ref">[37334] Iª-IIae q. 88 a. 2 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1397 supra dictum est quod subiti motus tam sensualitatis quam rationis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1398 sunt peccata venialia. Sed subiti motus inveniuntur in quolibet
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1399 peccati genere. Ergo non sunt aliqua peccata venialia ex
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
1400 genere.</p><p title="I-II q. 88 a. 2 s. c."><a name="37335"><span class="ref">[37335] Iª-IIae q. 88 a. 2 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1401 est quod Augustinus, in sermone de Purgatorio, enumerat quaedam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1402 genera peccatorum venialium, et quaedam genera peccatorum
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
1403 mortalium.</p><p title="I-II q. 88 a. 2 co."><a name="37336"><span class="ref">[37336] Iª-IIae q. 88 a. 2 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1404 dicendum quod peccatum veniale a venia dicitur. Potest igitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1405 aliquod peccatum dici veniale uno modo, quia est veniam consecutum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1406 et sic dicit Ambrosius quod <i>omne peccatum per poenitentiam fit
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1407 veniale</i>. Et hoc dicitur veniale ex eventu. Alio modo dicitur
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1408 veniale, quia non habet in se unde veniam non consequatur vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1409 totaliter vel in parte. In parte quidem, sicut cum habet in se
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1410 aliquid diminuens culpam, ut cum fit ex infirmitate vel ignorantia.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1411 Et hoc dicitur veniale ex causa. In toto autem, ex eo quod non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1412 tollit ordinem ad ultimum finem, unde non meretur poenam aeternam,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1413 sed temporalem. Et de hoc veniali ad praesens intendimus. De primis
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1414 enim duobus constat quod non habent genus aliquod determinatum. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1415 veniale tertio modo dictum, potest habere genus determinatum, ita
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1416 quod aliquod peccatum dicatur veniale ex genere, et aliquod mortale
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1417 ex genere, secundum quod genus vel species actus determinantur ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1418 obiecto. Cum enim voluntas fertur in aliquid quod secundum se
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1419 repugnat caritati, per quam homo ordinatur in ultimum finem,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1420 peccatum ex suo obiecto habet quod sit mortale. Unde est mortale ex
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1421 genere, sive sit contra dilectionem Dei, sicut blasphemia,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1422 periurium, et huiusmodi; sive contra dilectionem proximi, sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1423 homicidium, adulterium, et similia. Unde huiusmodi sunt peccata
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1424 mortalia ex suo genere. Quandoque vero voluntas peccantis fertur in
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1425 id quod in se continet quandam inordinationem, non tamen
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1426 contrariatur dilectioni Dei et proximi, sicut verbum otiosum, risus
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1427 superfluus, et alia huiusmodi. Et talia sunt peccata venialia ex
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1428 suo genere. Sed quia actus morales recipiunt rationem boni et mali
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1429 non solum ex obiecto, sed etiam ex aliqua dispositione agentis, ut
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1430 supra habitum est; contingit quandoque quod id quod est peccatum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1431 veniale ex genere ratione sui obiecti, fit mortale ex parte
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1432 agentis, vel quia in eo constituit finem ultimum, vel quia ordinat
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1433 ipsum ad aliquid quod est peccatum mortale ex genere, puta cum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1434 aliquis ordinat verbum otiosum ad adulterium committendum.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1435 Similiter etiam ex parte agentis contingit quod aliquod peccatum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1436 quod ex suo genere est mortale, fit veniale, propter hoc scilicet
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1437 quod actus est imperfectus, idest non deliberatus ratione, quae est
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1438 principium proprium mali actus, sicut supra dictum est de subitis
53
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parents: 28
diff changeset
1439 motibus infidelitatis.</p><p title="I-II q. 88 a. 2 ad 1"><a name="37337"><span class="ref">[37337] Iª-IIae q. 88 a. 2 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1440 ergo dicendum quod ex hoc ipso quod aliquis eligit id quod repugnat
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1441 divinae caritati, convincitur praeferre illud caritati divinae, et
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1442 per consequens plus amare ipsum quam Deum. Et ideo aliqua peccata
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1443 ex genere, quae de se repugnant caritati, habent quod aliquid
53
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parents: 28
diff changeset
1444 diligatur supra Deum. Et sic sunt ex genere suo mortalia.</p><p title="I-II q. 88 a. 2 ad 2"><a name="37338"><span class="ref">[37338] Iª-IIae q. 88 a. 2 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
1445 dicendum quod ratio illa procedit de peccato veniali ex causa.</p><p title="I-II q. 88 a. 2 ad 3"><a name="37339"><span class="ref">[37339] Iª-IIae q. 88 a. 2 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1446 dicendum quod ratio illa procedit de peccato quod est veniale
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
1447 propter imperfectionem actus.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 3</h3><p title="I-II q. 88 a. 3 arg. 1"><a name="37340"><span class="ref">[37340] Iª-IIae q. 88 a. 3 arg. 1</span></a> Ad tertium
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1448 sic proceditur. Videtur quod peccatum veniale non sit dispositio ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1449 mortale. Unum enim oppositum non disponit ad aliud. Sed peccatum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1450 veniale et mortale ex opposito dividuntur, ut dictum est. Ergo
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
1451 peccatum veniale non est dispositio ad mortale.</p><p title="I-II q. 88 a. 3 arg. 2"><a name="37341"><span class="ref">[37341] Iª-IIae q. 88 a. 3 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1452 actus disponit ad aliquid simile in specie sibi, unde in II Ethic.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1453 dicitur quod <i>ex similibus actibus generantur similes
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1454 dispositiones et habitus</i>. Sed peccatum mortale et veniale
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1455 differunt genere seu specie, ut dictum est. Ergo peccatum veniale
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
1456 non disponit ad mortale.</p><p title="I-II q. 88 a. 3 arg. 3"><a name="37342"><span class="ref">[37342] Iª-IIae q. 88 a. 3 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1457 si peccatum dicatur veniale quia disponit ad mortale, oportebit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1458 quod quaecumque disponunt ad mortale peccatum, sint peccata
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1459 venialia. Sed omnia bona opera disponunt ad peccatum mortale, dicit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1460 enim Augustinus, in regula, quod superbia bonis operibus
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1461 insidiatur, ut pereant. Ergo etiam bona opera erunt peccata
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
1462 venialia, quod est inconveniens.</p><p title="I-II q. 88 a. 3 s. c."><a name="37343"><span class="ref">[37343] Iª-IIae q. 88 a. 3 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1463 est quod dicitur Eccli. XIX, <i>qui spernit minima, paulatim
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1464 defluit</i>. Sed ille qui peccat venialiter, videtur minima
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1465 spernere. Ergo paulatim disponitur ad hoc quod totaliter defluat
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
1466 per peccatum mortale.</p><p title="I-II q. 88 a. 3 co."><a name="37344"><span class="ref">[37344] Iª-IIae q. 88 a. 3 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1467 dicendum quod disponens est quodammodo causa. Unde secundum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1468 duplicem modum causae, est duplex dispositionis modus. Est enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1469 causa quaedam movens directe ad effectum, sicut calidum calefacit.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1470 Est etiam causa indirecte movens, removendo prohibens, sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1471 removens columnam dicitur removere lapidem superpositum. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1472 secundum hoc, actus peccati dupliciter ad aliquid disponit. Uno
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1473 quidem modo, directe, et sic disponit ad actum similem secundum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1474 speciem. Et hoc modo, primo et per se peccatum veniale ex genere
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1475 non disponit ad mortale ex genere, cum differant specie. Sed per
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1476 hunc modum peccatum veniale potest disponere, per quandam
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1477 consequentiam, ad peccatum quod est mortale ex parte agentis.
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1478 Augmentata enim dispositione vel habitu per actus peccatorum
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1479 venialium, intantum potest libido peccandi crescere, quod ille qui
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1480 peccat, finem suum constituet in peccato veniali, nam unicuique
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1481 habenti habitum, inquantum huiusmodi, finis est operatio secundum
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1482 habitum. Et sic, multoties peccando venialiter, disponetur ad
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1483 peccatum mortale. Alio modo actus humanus disponit ad aliquid
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1484 removendo prohibens. Et hoc modo peccatum veniale ex genere potest
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1485 disponere ad peccatum mortale ex genere. Qui enim peccat venialiter
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1486 ex genere, praetermittit aliquem ordinem, et ex hoc quod consuescit
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1487 voluntatem suam in minoribus debito ordini non subiicere,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1488 disponitur ad hoc quod etiam voluntatem suam non subiiciat ordini
53
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parents: 28
diff changeset
1489 ultimi finis, eligendo id quod est peccatum mortale ex genere.</p><p title="I-II q. 88 a. 3 ad 1"><a name="37345"><span class="ref">[37345] Iª-IIae q. 88 a. 3 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1490 ergo dicendum quod peccatum veniale et mortale non dividuntur ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1491 opposito, sicut duae species unius generis, ut dictum est, sed
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1492 sicut accidens contra substantiam dividitur. Unde sicut accidens
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1493 potest esse dispositio ad formam substantialem, ita et veniale
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
1494 peccatum ad mortale.</p><p title="I-II q. 88 a. 3 ad 2"><a name="37346"><span class="ref">[37346] Iª-IIae q. 88 a. 3 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1495 dicendum quod peccatum veniale non est simile mortali in specie,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1496 est tamen simile ei in genere, inquantum utrumque importat defectum
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
1497 debiti ordinis, licet aliter et aliter, ut dictum est.</p><p title="I-II q. 88 a. 3 ad 3"><a name="37347"><span class="ref">[37347] Iª-IIae q. 88 a. 3 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1498 dicendum quod opus bonum non est per se dispositio ad mortale
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1499 peccatum, potest tamen esse materia vel occasio peccati mortalis
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1500 per accidens. Sed peccatum veniale per se disponit ad mortale, ut
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
1501 dictum est.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 4</h3><p title="I-II q. 88 a. 4 arg. 1"><a name="37348"><span class="ref">[37348] Iª-IIae q. 88 a. 4 arg. 1</span></a> Ad quartum
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1502 sic proceditur. Videtur quod peccatum veniale possit fieri mortale.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1503 Dicit enim Augustinus, exponens illud Ioan. III, <i>qui incredulus
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1504 est filio, non videbit vitam</i>, peccata minima (idest venialia),
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1505 si negligantur, occidunt. Sed ex hoc dicitur peccatum mortale, quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1506 spiritualiter occidit animam. Ergo peccatum veniale potest fieri
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
1507 mortale.</p><p title="I-II q. 88 a. 4 arg. 2"><a name="37349"><span class="ref">[37349] Iª-IIae q. 88 a. 4 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1508 motus sensualitatis ante consensum rationis est peccatum veniale,
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1509 post consensum vero est peccatum mortale, ut supra dictum est. Ergo
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
1510 peccatum veniale potest fieri mortale.</p><p title="I-II q. 88 a. 4 arg. 3"><a name="37350"><span class="ref">[37350] Iª-IIae q. 88 a. 4 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1511 peccatum veniale et mortale differunt sicut morbus curabilis et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1512 incurabilis, ut dictum est. Sed morbus curabilis potest fieri
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
1513 incurabilis. Ergo peccatum veniale potest fieri mortale.</p><p title="I-II q. 88 a. 4 arg. 4"><a name="37351"><span class="ref">[37351] Iª-IIae q. 88 a. 4 arg. 4</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1514 dispositio potest fieri habitus. Sed peccatum veniale est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1515 dispositio ad mortale, ut dictum est. Ergo veniale peccatum potest
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
1516 fieri mortale.</p><p title="I-II q. 88 a. 4 s. c."><a name="37352"><span class="ref">[37352] Iª-IIae q. 88 a. 4 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra,
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1517 ea quae differunt in infinitum, non transmutantur in invicem. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1518 peccatum mortale et veniale differunt in infinitum, ut ex
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
1519 praedictis patet. Ergo veniale non potest fieri mortale.</p><p title="I-II q. 88 a. 4 co."><a name="37353"><span class="ref">[37353] Iª-IIae q. 88 a. 4 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1520 dicendum quod peccatum veniale fieri mortale, potest tripliciter
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1521 intelligi. Uno modo sic quod idem actus numero, primo sit peccatum
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1522 veniale, et postea mortale. Et hoc esse non potest. Quia peccatum
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1523 principaliter consistit in actu voluntatis, sicut et quilibet actus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1524 moralis. Unde non dicitur unus actus moraliter, si voluntas
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1525 mutetur, quamvis etiam actio secundum naturam sit continua. Si
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1526 autem voluntas non mutetur, non potest esse quod de veniali fiat
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1527 mortale. Alio modo potest intelligi ut id quod est veniale ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1528 genere, fiat mortale. Et hoc quidem possibile est, inquantum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1529 constituitur in eo finis, vel inquantum refertur ad mortale
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1530 peccatum sicut ad finem, ut dictum est. Tertio modo potest
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1531 intelligi ita quod multa venialia peccata constituant unum peccatum
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1532 mortale. Quod si sic intelligatur quod ex multis peccatis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1533 venialibus integraliter constituatur unum peccatum mortale, falsum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1534 est. Non enim omnia peccata venialia de mundo, possunt habere
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1535 tantum de reatu, quantum unum peccatum mortale. Quod patet ex parte
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1536 durationis, quia peccatum mortale habet reatum poenae aeternae,
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1537 peccatum autem veniale reatum poenae temporalis, ut dictum est.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1538 Patet etiam ex parte poenae damni, quia peccatum mortale meretur
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1539 carentiam visionis divinae, cui nulla alia poena comparari potest
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1540 ut Chrysostomus dicit. Patet etiam ex parte poenae sensus, quantum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1541 ad vermem conscientiae, licet forte quantum ad poenam ignis, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1542 sint improportionales poenae. Si vero intelligatur quod multa
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1543 peccata venialia faciunt unum mortale dispositive, sic verum est,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1544 sicut supra ostensum est, secundum duos modos dispositionis, quo
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
1545 peccatum veniale disponit ad mortale.</p><p title="I-II q. 88 a. 4 ad 1"><a name="37354"><span class="ref">[37354] Iª-IIae q. 88 a. 4 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1546 ergo dicendum quod Augustinus loquitur in illo sensu, quod multa
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
1547 peccata venialia dispositive causant mortale.</p><p title="I-II q. 88 a. 4 ad 2"><a name="37355"><span class="ref">[37355] Iª-IIae q. 88 a. 4 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1548 dicendum quod ille idem motus sensualitatis qui praecessit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1549 consensum rationis nunquam fiet peccatum mortale, sed ipse actus
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
1550 rationis consentientis.</p><p title="I-II q. 88 a. 4 ad 3"><a name="37356"><span class="ref">[37356] Iª-IIae q. 88 a. 4 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1551 dicendum quod morbus corporalis non est actus, sed dispositio
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1552 quaedam permanens, unde eadem manens, potest mutari. Sed peccatum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1553 veniale est actus transiens, qui resumi non potest. Et quantum ad
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
1554 hoc, non est simile.</p><p title="I-II q. 88 a. 4 ad 4"><a name="37357"><span class="ref">[37357] Iª-IIae q. 88 a. 4 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1555 dicendum quod dispositio quae fit habitus, est sicut imperfectum in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1556 eadem specie, sicut imperfecta scientia, dum perficitur, fit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1557 habitus. Sed veniale peccatum est dispositio alterius generis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1558 sicut accidens ad formam substantialem, in quam nunquam
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
1559 mutatur.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 5</h3><p title="I-II q. 88 a. 5 arg. 1"><a name="37358"><span class="ref">[37358] Iª-IIae q. 88 a. 5 arg. 1</span></a> Ad quintum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1560 sic proceditur. Videtur quod circumstantia possit de veniali
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1561 peccato facere mortale. Dicit enim Augustinus, in sermone de
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1562 Purgatorio, quod <i>si diu teneatur iracundia, et ebrietas si
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1563 assidua sit, transeunt in numerum peccatorum mortalium</i>. Sed ira
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1564 et ebrietas non sunt ex suo genere peccata mortalia, sed venialia,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1565 alioquin semper essent mortalia. Ergo circumstantia facit peccatum
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
1566 veniale esse mortale.</p><p title="I-II q. 88 a. 5 arg. 2"><a name="37359"><span class="ref">[37359] Iª-IIae q. 88 a. 5 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1567 Magister dicit, XXIV dist. II libri Sent., quod delectatio, si sit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1568 morosa, est peccatum mortale; si autem non sit morosa, est peccatum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1569 veniale. Sed morositas est quaedam circumstantia. Ergo
53
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diff changeset
1570 circumstantia facit de peccato veniali mortale.</p><p title="I-II q. 88 a. 5 arg. 3"><a name="37360"><span class="ref">[37360] Iª-IIae q. 88 a. 5 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1571 plus differunt malum et bonum quam veniale peccatum et mortale,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1572 quorum utrumque est in genere mali. Sed circumstantia facit de actu
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1573 bono malum, sicut patet cum quis dat eleemosynam propter inanem
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diff changeset
1574 gloriam. Ergo multo magis potest facere de peccato veniali
53
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diff changeset
1575 mortale.</p><p title="I-II q. 88 a. 5 s. c."><a name="37361"><span class="ref">[37361] Iª-IIae q. 88 a. 5 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1576 est quod, cum circumstantia sit accidens, quantitas eius non potest
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1577 excedere quantitatem ipsius actus, quam habet ex suo genere, semper
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1578 enim subiectum praeeminet accidenti. Si igitur actus ex suo genere
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1579 sit peccatum veniale, non poterit per circumstantiam fieri peccatum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1580 mortale, cum peccatum mortale in infinitum quodammodo excedat
53
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diff changeset
1581 quantitatem venialis, ut ex dictis patet.</p><p title="I-II q. 88 a. 5 co."><a name="37362"><span class="ref">[37362] Iª-IIae q. 88 a. 5 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1582 dicendum quod, sicut supra dictum est, cum de circumstantiis
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1583 ageretur, circumstantia, inquantum huiusmodi, est accidens actus
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1584 moralis, contingit tamen circumstantiam accipi ut differentiam
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1585 specificam actus moralis, et tunc amittit rationem circumstantiae,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1586 et constituit speciem moralis actus. Hoc autem contingit in
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1587 peccatis quando circumstantia addit deformitatem alterius generis
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1588 sicut cum aliquis accedit ad non suam, est actus deformis
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1589 deformitate opposita castitati; sed si accedat ad non suam quae est
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1590 alterius uxor, additur deformitas opposita iustitiae, contra quam
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1591 est ut aliquis usurpet rem alienam; et secundum hoc huiusmodi
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1592 circumstantia constituit novam speciem peccati, quae dicitur
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1593 adulterium. Impossibile est autem quod circumstantia de peccato
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1594 veniali faciat mortale, nisi afferat deformitatem alterius generis.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1595 Dictum est enim quod peccatum veniale habet deformitatem per hoc
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1596 quod importat deordinationem circa ea quae sunt ad finem, peccatum
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diff changeset
1597 autem mortale habet deformitatem per hoc quod importat
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1598 deordinationem respectu ultimi finis. Unde manifestum est quod
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1599 circumstantia non potest de veniali peccato facere mortale, manens
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1600 circumstantia, sed solum tunc quando transfert in aliam speciem, et
53
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diff changeset
1601 fit quodammodo differentia specifica moralis actus.</p><p title="I-II q. 88 a. 5 ad 1"><a name="37363"><span class="ref">[37363] Iª-IIae q. 88 a. 5 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1602 ergo dicendum quod diuturnitas non est circumstantia trahens in
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1603 aliam speciem, similiter nec frequentia vel assiduitas, nisi forte
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1604 per accidens ex aliquo supervenienti. Non enim aliquid acquirit
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1605 novam speciem ex hoc quod multiplicatur vel protelatur, nisi forte
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1606 in actu protelato vel multiplicato superveniat aliquid quod variet
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1607 speciem, puta inobedientia vel contemptus, vel aliquid huiusmodi.
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diff changeset
1608 Dicendum est ergo quod, cum ira sit motus animi ad nocendum
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diff changeset
1609 proximo, si sit tale nocumentum in quod tendit motus irae, quod ex
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1610 genere suo sit peccatum mortale, sicut homicidium vel furtum, talis
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1611 ira ex genere suo est peccatum mortale. Sed quod sit peccatum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1612 veniale, habet ex imperfectione actus, inquantum est motus subitus
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diff changeset
1613 sensualitatis. Si vero sit diuturna, redit ad naturam sui generis
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1614 per consensum rationis. Si vero nocumentum in quod tendit motus
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1615 irae, esset veniale ex genere suo, puta cum aliquis in hoc
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1616 irascitur contra aliquem, quod vult ei dicere aliquod verbum leve
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1617 et iocosum, quod modicum ipsum contristet; non erit ira peccatum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1618 mortale, quantumcumque sit diuturna; nisi forte per accidens, puta
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diff changeset
1619 si ex hoc grave scandalum oriatur, vel propter aliquid huiusmodi.
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diff changeset
1620 De ebrietate vero dicendum est quod secundum suam rationem habet
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diff changeset
1621 quod sit peccatum mortale, quod enim homo absque necessitate reddat
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diff changeset
1622 se impotentem ad utendum ratione, per quam homo in Deum ordinatur
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1623 et multa peccata occurrentia vitat, ex sola voluptate vini,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1624 expresse contrariatur virtuti. Sed quod sit peccatum veniale,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1625 contingit propter ignorantiam quandam vel infirmitatem, puta cum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1626 homo nescit virtutem vini, aut propriam debilitatem, unde non putat
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1627 se inebriari, tunc enim non imputatur ei ebrietas ad peccatum, sed
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1628 solum superabundantia potus. Sed quando frequenter inebriatur, non
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1629 potest per hanc ignorantiam excusari quin videatur voluntas eius
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1630 eligere magis pati ebrietatem, quam abstinere a vino superfluo.
53
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1631 Unde redit peccatum ad suam naturam.</p><p title="I-II q. 88 a. 5 ad 2"><a name="37364"><span class="ref">[37364] Iª-IIae q. 88 a. 5 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
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diff changeset
1632 dicendum quod delectatio morosa non dicitur esse peccatum mortale,
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diff changeset
1633 nisi in his quae ex suo genere sunt peccata mortalia; in quibus si
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1634 delectatio non morosa sit, peccatum veniale est ex imperfectione
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diff changeset
1635 actus, sicut et de ira dictum est. Dicitur enim ira diuturna, et
53
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diff changeset
1636 delectatio morosa, propter approbationem rationis deliberantis.</p><p title="I-II q. 88 a. 5 ad 3"><a name="37365"><span class="ref">[37365] Iª-IIae q. 88 a. 5 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
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diff changeset
1637 dicendum quod circumstantia non facit de bono actu malum, nisi
53
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diff changeset
1638 constituens speciem peccati, ut supra etiam habitum est.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 6</h3><p title="I-II q. 88 a. 6 arg. 1"><a name="37366"><span class="ref">[37366] Iª-IIae q. 88 a. 6 arg. 1</span></a> Ad sextum
28
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diff changeset
1639 sic proceditur. Videtur quod peccatum mortale possit fieri veniale.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1640 Aequaliter enim distat peccatum veniale a mortali, et e contrario.
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diff changeset
1641 Sed peccatum veniale fit mortale, ut dictum est. Ergo etiam
53
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diff changeset
1642 peccatum mortale potest fieri veniale.</p><p title="I-II q. 88 a. 6 arg. 2"><a name="37367"><span class="ref">[37367] Iª-IIae q. 88 a. 6 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1643 peccatum veniale et mortale ponuntur differre secundum hoc, quod
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diff changeset
1644 peccans mortaliter diligit creaturam plus quam Deum, peccans autem
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1645 venialiter diligit creaturam infra Deum. Contingit autem quod
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1646 aliquis committens id quod est ex genere suo peccatum mortale,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1647 diligat creaturam infra Deum, puta si aliquis, nesciens
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1648 fornicationem simplicem esse peccatum mortale et contrariam divino
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1649 amori, fornicetur, ita tamen quod propter divinum amorem paratus
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1650 esset fornicationem praetermittere, si sciret fornicando se contra
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1651 divinum amorem agere. Ergo peccabit venialiter. Et sic peccatum
53
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diff changeset
1652 mortale potest fieri veniale.</p><p title="I-II q. 88 a. 6 arg. 3"><a name="37368"><span class="ref">[37368] Iª-IIae q. 88 a. 6 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1653 sicut dictum est, plus differt bonum a malo quam veniale a mortali.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1654 Sed actus qui est de se malus, potest fieri bonus, sicut homicidium
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1655 potest fieri actus iustitiae, sicut patet in iudice qui occidit
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1656 latronem. Ergo multo magis peccatum mortale potest fieri
53
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diff changeset
1657 veniale.</p><p title="I-II q. 88 a. 6 s. c."><a name="37369"><span class="ref">[37369] Iª-IIae q. 88 a. 6 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28
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diff changeset
1658 est quod aeternum nunquam potest fieri temporale. Sed peccatum
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diff changeset
1659 mortale meretur poenam aeternam, peccatum autem veniale poenam
53
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diff changeset
1660 temporalem. Ergo peccatum mortale nunquam potest fieri veniale.</p><p title="I-II q. 88 a. 6 co."><a name="37370"><span class="ref">[37370] Iª-IIae q. 88 a. 6 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1661 dicendum quod veniale et mortale differunt sicut perfectum et
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1662 imperfectum in genere peccati, ut dictum est. Imperfectum autem per
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1663 aliquam additionem potest ad perfectionem venire. Unde et veniale,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1664 per hoc quod additur ei deformitas pertinens ad genus peccati
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1665 mortalis, efficitur mortale, sicut cum quis dicit verbum otiosum ut
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1666 fornicetur. Sed id quod est perfectum, non potest fieri imperfectum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1667 per additionem. Et ideo peccatum mortale non fit veniale per hoc
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1668 quod additur ei aliqua deformitas pertinens ad genus peccati
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1669 venialis, non enim diminuitur peccatum eius qui fornicatur ut dicat
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1670 verbum otiosum, sed magis aggravatur propter deformitatem
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1671 adiunctam. Potest tamen id quod est ex genere mortale, esse veniale
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1672 propter imperfectionem actus, quia non perfecte pertingit ad
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1673 rationem actus moralis, cum non sit deliberatus sed subitus, ut ex
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1674 dictis patet. Et hoc fit per subtractionem quandam, scilicet
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1675 deliberatae rationis. Et quia a ratione deliberata habet speciem
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1676 moralis actus, inde est quod per talem subtractionem solvitur
53
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parents: 28
diff changeset
1677 species.</p><p title="I-II q. 88 a. 6 ad 1"><a name="37371"><span class="ref">[37371] Iª-IIae q. 88 a. 6 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1678 ergo dicendum quod veniale differt a mortali sicut imperfectum a
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1679 perfecto, ut puer a viro. Fit autem ex puero vir, sed non
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
1680 convertitur. Unde ratio non cogit.</p><p title="I-II q. 88 a. 6 ad 2"><a name="37372"><span class="ref">[37372] Iª-IIae q. 88 a. 6 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1681 dicendum quod, si sit talis ignorantia quae peccatum omnino
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1682 excuset, sicut est furiosi vel amentis, tunc ex tali ignorantia
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1683 fornicationem committens nec mortaliter nec venialiter peccat. Si
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1684 vero sit ignorantia non invincibilis, tunc ignorantia ipsa est
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1685 peccatum, et continet in se defectum divini amoris, inquantum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1686 negligit homo addiscere ea per quae potest se in divino amore
53
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parents: 28
diff changeset
1687 conservare.</p><p title="I-II q. 88 a. 6 ad 3"><a name="37373"><span class="ref">[37373] Iª-IIae q. 88 a. 6 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1688 dicendum quod, sicut Augustinus dicit, in libro contra mendacium,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1689 <i>ea quae sunt secundum se mala, nullo fine bene fieri
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1690 possunt</i>. Homicidium autem est occisio innocentis, et hoc nullo
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1691 modo bene fieri potest. Sed iudex qui occidit latronem, vel miles
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1692 qui occidit hostem reipublicae, non appellantur homicidae, ut
53
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diff changeset
1693 Augustinus dicit, in libro de libero arbitrio.</p></div></div><div class="q" id="q89"><h2>Quaestio 89</h2><div class="p"><h3>Prooemium</h3><p title="I-II q. 89 pr."><a name="37374"><span class="ref">[37374]
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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diff changeset
1694 Iª-IIae q. 89 pr.</span></a> Deinde considerandum est de
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1695 peccato veniali secundum se. Et circa hoc quaeruntur sex. Primo,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1696 utrum peccatum veniale causet maculam in anima. Secundo, de
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1697 distinctione peccati venialis, prout figuratur per lignum, faenum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1698 et stipulam, I Cor. III. Tertio, utrum homo in statu innocentiae
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1699 potuerit peccare venialiter. Quarto, utrum Angelus bonus vel malus
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1700 possit peccare venialiter. Quinto, utrum primi motus infidelium
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1701 sint peccata venialia. Sexto, utrum peccatum veniale possit esse in
53
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parents: 28
diff changeset
1702 aliquo simul cum solo peccato originali.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 1</h3><p title="I-II q. 89 a. 1 arg. 1"><a name="37375"><span class="ref">[37375] Iª-IIae q. 89 a. 1 arg. 1</span></a> Ad primum
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1703 sic proceditur. Videtur quod peccatum veniale causet maculam in
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1704 anima. Dicit enim Augustinus, in libro de Poenit., quod peccata
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1705 venialia, si multiplicentur, decorem nostrum ita exterminant, ut a
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1706 caelestis sponsi amplexibus nos separent. Sed nihil aliud est
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1707 macula quam detrimentum decoris. Ergo peccata venialia causant
53
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parents: 28
diff changeset
1708 maculam in anima.</p><p title="I-II q. 89 a. 1 arg. 2"><a name="37376"><span class="ref">[37376] Iª-IIae q. 89 a. 1 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1709 peccatum mortale causat maculam in anima propter inordinationem
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diff changeset
1710 actus et affectus ipsius peccantis. Sed in peccato veniali est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1711 quaedam deordinatio actus et affectus. Ergo peccatum veniale causat
53
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parents: 28
diff changeset
1712 maculam in anima.</p><p title="I-II q. 89 a. 1 arg. 3"><a name="37377"><span class="ref">[37377] Iª-IIae q. 89 a. 1 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1713 macula animae causatur ex contactu rei temporalis per amorem, ut
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1714 supra dictum est. Sed in peccato veniali anima inordinato amore
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1715 contingit rem temporalem. Ergo peccatum veniale inducit maculam in
53
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parents: 28
diff changeset
1716 anima.</p><p title="I-II q. 89 a. 1 s. c."><a name="37378"><span class="ref">[37378] Iª-IIae q. 89 a. 1 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1717 est quod dicitur Ephes. V, <i>ut exhiberet ipse sibi gloriosam
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1718 Ecclesiam non habentem maculam</i>; Glossa, <i>idest aliquod
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1719 peccatum criminale</i>. Ergo proprium peccati mortalis esse videtur
53
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parents: 28
diff changeset
1720 quod maculam in anima causet.</p><p title="I-II q. 89 a. 1 co."><a name="37379"><span class="ref">[37379] Iª-IIae q. 89 a. 1 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1721 dicendum quod, sicut ex dictis patet, macula importat detrimentum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1722 nitoris ex aliquo contactu, sicut in corporalibus patet, ex quibus
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1723 per similitudinem nomen maculae ad animam transfertur. Sicut autem
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1724 in corpore est duplex nitor, unus quidem ex intrinseca dispositione
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1725 membrorum et coloris, alius autem ex exteriori claritate
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1726 superveniente; ita etiam in anima est duplex nitor, unus quidem
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1727 habitualis, quasi intrinsecus, alius autem actualis, quasi exterior
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1728 fulgor. Peccatum autem veniale impedit quidem nitorem actualem, non
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1729 tamen habitualem, quia non excludit neque diminuit habitum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1730 caritatis et aliarum virtutum, ut infra patebit, sed solum impedit
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1731 earum actum. Macula autem importat aliquid manens in re maculata,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1732 unde magis videtur pertinere ad detrimentum habitualis nitoris quam
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1733 actualis. Unde, proprie loquendo, peccatum veniale non causat
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1734 maculam in anima. Et si alicubi dicatur maculam inducere, hoc est
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1735 secundum quid, inquantum impedit nitorem qui est ex actibus
53
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parents: 28
diff changeset
1736 virtutum.</p><p title="I-II q. 89 a. 1 ad 1"><a name="37380"><span class="ref">[37380] Iª-IIae q. 89 a. 1 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1737 ergo dicendum quod Augustinus loquitur in eo casu in quo multa
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1738 peccata venialia dispositive inducunt ad mortale. Aliter enim non
53
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parents: 28
diff changeset
1739 separarent ab amplexu caelestis sponsi.</p><p title="I-II q. 89 a. 1 ad 2"><a name="37381"><span class="ref">[37381] Iª-IIae q. 89 a. 1 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1740 dicendum quod inordinatio actus in peccato mortali corrumpit
53
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parents: 28
diff changeset
1741 habitum virtutis, non autem in peccato veniali.</p><p title="I-II q. 89 a. 1 ad 3"><a name="37382"><span class="ref">[37382] Iª-IIae q. 89 a. 1 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1742 dicendum quod in peccato mortali anima per amorem contingit rem
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1743 temporalem quasi finem, et per hoc totaliter impeditur influxus
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1744 splendoris gratiae, qui provenit in eos qui Deo adhaerent ut ultimo
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1745 fini per caritatem. Sed in peccato veniali non adhaeret homo
53
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parents: 28
diff changeset
1746 creaturae tanquam fini ultimo. Unde non est simile.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 2</h3><p title="I-II q. 89 a. 2 arg. 1"><a name="37383"><span class="ref">[37383] Iª-IIae q. 89 a. 2 arg. 1</span></a> Ad secundum
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1747 sic proceditur. Videtur quod inconvenienter peccata venialia per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1748 lignum, faenum et stipulam designentur. Lignum enim, faenum et
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1749 stipula dicuntur superaedificari spirituali fundamento. Sed peccata
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1750 venialia sunt praeter spirituale aedificium, sicut etiam quaelibet
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1751 falsae opiniones sunt praeter scientiam. Ergo peccata venialia non
53
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parents: 28
diff changeset
1752 convenienter designantur per lignum, faenum et stipulam.</p><p title="I-II q. 89 a. 2 arg. 2"><a name="37384"><span class="ref">[37384] Iª-IIae q. 89 a. 2 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1753 ille qui aedificat lignum, faenum et stipulam, sic salvus erit
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1754 quasi per ignem. Sed quandoque ille qui committit peccata venialia,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1755 non erit salvus etiam per ignem, puta cum peccata venialia
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1756 inveniuntur in eo qui decedit cum peccato mortali. Ergo
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1757 inconvenienter per lignum, faenum et stipulam peccata venialia
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
1758 designantur.</p><p title="I-II q. 89 a. 2 arg. 3"><a name="37385"><span class="ref">[37385] Iª-IIae q. 89 a. 2 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1759 secundum apostolum, alii sunt qui aedificant aurum, argentum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1760 lapides pretiosos, idest amorem Dei et proximi et bona opera; et
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1761 alii qui aedificant lignum, faenum et stipulam. Sed peccata
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1762 venialia committunt etiam illi qui diligunt Deum et proximum, et
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1763 bona opera faciunt, dicitur enim I Ioan. I, <i>si dixerimus quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1764 peccatum non habemus, nosipsos seducimus</i>. Ergo non convenienter
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
1765 designantur peccata venialia per ista tria.</p><p title="I-II q. 89 a. 2 arg. 4"><a name="37386"><span class="ref">[37386] Iª-IIae q. 89 a. 2 arg. 4</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1766 multo plures differentiae et gradus sunt peccatorum venialium quam
53
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parents: 28
diff changeset
1767 tres. Ergo inconvenienter sub his tribus comprehenduntur.</p><p title="I-II q. 89 a. 2 s. c."><a name="37387"><span class="ref">[37387] Iª-IIae q. 89 a. 2 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1768 est quod apostolus dicit de eo qui superaedificat lignum, faenum et
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1769 stipulam, quod salvus erit quasi per ignem, et sic patietur poenam,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1770 sed non aeternam. Reatus autem poenae temporalis proprie pertinet
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1771 ad peccatum veniale, ut dictum est. Ergo per illa tria
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
1772 significantur peccata venialia.</p><p title="I-II q. 89 a. 2 co."><a name="37388"><span class="ref">[37388] Iª-IIae q. 89 a. 2 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1773 dicendum quod quidam intellexerunt fundamentum esse fidem informem,
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1774 super quam aliqui aedificant bona opera, quae significantur per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1775 aurum, argentum et lapides pretiosos; quidam vero peccata etiam
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1776 mortalia, quae significantur, secundum eos, per lignum, faenum et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1777 stipulam. Sed hanc expositionem improbat Augustinus, in libro de
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1778 fide et operibus, quia, ut apostolus dicit, ad Gal. V, qui opera
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1779 carnis facit, regnum Dei non consequetur, quod est salvum fieri;
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1780 apostolus autem dicit quod ille qui aedificat lignum, faenum et
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1781 stipulam, salvus erit quasi per ignem. Unde non potest intelligi
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1782 quod per lignum, faenum et stipulam peccata mortalia designentur.
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1783 Quidam vero dicunt quod per lignum, faenum et stipulam
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1784 significantur opera bona, quae superaedificantur quidem spirituali
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1785 aedificio, sed tamen commiscent se eis peccata venialia sicut, cum
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1786 aliquis habet curam rei familiaris, quod bonum est, commiscet se
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1787 superfluus amor vel uxoris vel filiorum vel possessionum, sub Deo
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1788 tamen, ita scilicet quod pro his homo nihil vellet facere contra
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1789 Deum. Sed hoc iterum non videtur convenienter dici. Manifestum est
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1790 enim quod omnia opera bona referuntur ad caritatem Dei et proximi,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1791 unde pertinent ad aurum, argentum et lapides pretiosos. Non ergo ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1792 lignum, faenum et stipulam. Et ideo dicendum est quod ipsa peccata
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1793 venialia quae admiscent se procurantibus terrena, significantur per
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1794 lignum, faenum et stipulam. Sicut enim huiusmodi congregantur in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1795 domo, et non pertinent ad substantiam aedificii, et possunt comburi
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1796 aedificio remanente; ita etiam peccata venialia multiplicantur in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1797 homine, manente spirituali aedificio; et pro istis patitur ignem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1798 vel temporalis tribulationis in hac vita, vel Purgatorii post hanc
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
1799 vitam; et tamen salutem consequitur aeternam.</p><p title="I-II q. 89 a. 2 ad 1"><a name="37389"><span class="ref">[37389] Iª-IIae q. 89 a. 2 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1800 ergo dicendum quod peccata venialia non dicuntur superaedificari
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1801 spirituali fundamento quasi directe supra ipsum posita, sed quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1802 ponuntur iuxta ipsum; sicut accipitur ibi, super flumina Babylonis,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1803 idest iuxta. Quia peccata venialia non destruunt spirituale
53
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parents: 28
diff changeset
1804 aedificium, ut dictum est.</p><p title="I-II q. 89 a. 2 ad 2"><a name="37390"><span class="ref">[37390] Iª-IIae q. 89 a. 2 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1805 dicendum quod non dicitur de quocumque aedificante lignum, faenum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1806 et stipulam, quod salvus sit quasi per ignem, sed solum de eo qui
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1807 aedificat supra fundamentum. Quod quidem non est fides informis, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1808 quidam aestimabant, sed fides formata caritate, secundum illud
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1809 Ephes. III, <i>in caritate radicati et fundati</i>. Ille ergo qui
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1810 decedit cum peccato mortali et venialibus, habet quidem lignum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1811 faenum et stipulam, sed non superaedificata supra fundamentum
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
1812 spirituale. Et ideo non erit salvus sic quasi per ignem.</p><p title="I-II q. 89 a. 2 ad 3"><a name="37391"><span class="ref">[37391] Iª-IIae q. 89 a. 2 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1813 dicendum quod illi qui sunt abstracti a cura temporalium rerum,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1814 etsi aliquando venialiter peccent, tamen levia peccata venialia
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1815 committunt, et frequentissime per fervorem caritatis purgantur.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1816 Unde tales non superaedificant venialia, quia in eis modicum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1817 manent. Sed peccata venialia ipsorum qui circa terrena occupantur,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1818 diutius manent, quia non ita frequenter recurrere possunt ad
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
1819 huiusmodi peccata delenda per caritatis fervorem.</p><p title="I-II q. 89 a. 2 ad 4"><a name="37392"><span class="ref">[37392] Iª-IIae q. 89 a. 2 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1820 dicendum quod, sicut philosophus dicit, in I de caelo, omnia tribus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1821 includuntur, scilicet principio, medio et fine. Et secundum hoc,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1822 omnes gradus venialium peccatorum ad tria reducuntur, scilicet ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1823 lignum, quod diutius manet in igne; ad stipulam, quae citissime
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1824 expeditur; ad faenum, quod medio modo se habet. Secundum enim quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1825 peccata venialia sunt maioris vel minoris adhaerentiae vel
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
1826 gravitatis, citius vel tardius per ignem purgantur.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 3</h3><p title="I-II q. 89 a. 3 arg. 1"><a name="37393"><span class="ref">[37393] Iª-IIae q. 89 a. 3 arg. 1</span></a> Ad tertium
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1827 sic proceditur. Videtur quod homo in statu innocentiae potuerit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1828 peccare venialiter. Quia super illud I ad Tim. II, <i>Adam non est
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1829 seductus</i>, dicit Glossa, <i>inexpertus divinae severitatis, in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1830 eo falli potuit, ut crederet veniale esse commissum</i>. Sed hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1831 non credidisset, nisi venialiter peccare potuisset. Ergo venialiter
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
1832 peccare potuit, non peccando mortaliter.</p><p title="I-II q. 89 a. 3 arg. 2"><a name="37394"><span class="ref">[37394] Iª-IIae q. 89 a. 3 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1833 Augustinus dicit, XI super Gen. ad Litt., <i>non est arbitrandum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1834 quod esset hominem deiecturus tentator, nisi praecessisset in anima
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1835 hominis quaedam elatio comprimenda</i>. Elatio autem deiectionem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1836 praecedens, quae facta est per peccatum mortale, non potuit esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1837 nisi peccatum veniale. Similiter etiam in eodem Augustinus dicit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1838 quod <i>virum sollicitavit aliqua experiendi cupiditas, cum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1839 mulierem videret, sumpto vetito pomo, non esse mortuam</i>. Videtur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1840 etiam in Eva fuisse aliquis infidelitatis motus, in hoc quod de
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1841 verbis domini dubitavit, ut patet per hoc quod dixit, ne forte
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1842 moriamur, ut habetur Gen. III. Haec autem videntur esse venialia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1843 peccata. Ergo homo potuit venialiter peccare, antequam mortaliter
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
1844 peccaret.</p><p title="I-II q. 89 a. 3 arg. 3"><a name="37395"><span class="ref">[37395] Iª-IIae q. 89 a. 3 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1845 peccatum mortale magis opponitur integritati primi status quam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1846 peccatum veniale. Sed homo potuit peccare mortaliter, non obstante
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
1847 integritate primi status. Ergo etiam potuit peccare venialiter.</p><p title="I-II q. 89 a. 3 s. c."><a name="37396"><span class="ref">[37396] Iª-IIae q. 89 a. 3 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1848 est quod cuilibet peccato debetur aliqua poena. Sed nihil poenale
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1849 esse potuit in statu innocentiae, ut Augustinus dicit, XIV de Civ.
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1850 Dei. Ergo non potuit peccare aliquo peccato quo non eiiceretur ab
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1851 illo integritatis statu. Sed peccatum veniale non mutat statum
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
ht
parents: 28
diff changeset
1852 hominis. Ergo non potuit peccare venialiter.</p><p title="I-II q. 89 a. 3 co."><a name="37397"><span class="ref">[37397] Iª-IIae q. 89 a. 3 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1853 dicendum quod communiter ponitur quod homo in statu innocentiae non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1854 potuit venialiter peccare. Hoc autem non est sic intelligendum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1855 quasi id quod nobis est veniale, si ipse committeret, esset sibi
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1856 mortale, propter altitudinem sui status. Dignitas enim personae est
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1857 quaedam circumstantia aggravans peccatum, non tamen transfert in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1858 aliam speciem, nisi forte superveniente deformitate inobedientiae
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
1859 vel voti, vel alicuius huiusmodi, quod in proposito dici non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1860 potest. Unde id quod est de se veniale, non potuit transferri in
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diff changeset
1861 mortale, propter dignitatem primi status. Sic ergo intelligendum
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diff changeset
1862 est quod non potuit peccare venialiter, quia non potuit esse ut
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diff changeset
1863 committeret aliquid quod esset de se veniale, antequam integritatem
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1864 primi status amitteret peccando mortaliter. Cuius ratio est quia
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diff changeset
1865 peccatum veniale in nobis contingit vel propter imperfectionem
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diff changeset
1866 actus, sicut subiti motus in genere peccatorum mortalium, vel
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diff changeset
1867 propter inordinationem existentem circa ea quae sunt ad finem,
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diff changeset
1868 servato debito ordine ad finem. Utrumque autem horum contingit
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diff changeset
1869 propter quendam defectum ordinis, ex eo quod inferius non
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diff changeset
1870 continetur firmiter sub superiori. Quod enim in nobis insurgat
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diff changeset
1871 subitus motus sensualitatis, contingit ex hoc quod sensualitas non
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diff changeset
1872 est omnino subdita rationi. Quod vero insurgat subitus motus in
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1873 ratione ipsa, provenit in nobis ex hoc quod ipsa executio actus
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1874 rationis non subditur deliberationi quae est ex altiori bono, ut
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diff changeset
1875 supra dictum est. Quod vero humanus animus inordinetur circa ea
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1876 quae sunt ad finem, servato debito ordine ad finem, provenit ex hoc
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parents: 26
diff changeset
1877 quod ea quae sunt ad finem non ordinantur infallibiliter sub fine,
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diff changeset
1878 qui tenet summum locum, quasi principium in appetibilibus, ut supra
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diff changeset
1879 dictum est. In statu autem innocentiae, ut in primo habitum est,
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diff changeset
1880 erat infallibilis ordinis firmitas, ut semper inferius contineretur
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diff changeset
1881 sub superiori, quandiu summum hominis contineretur sub Deo, ut
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diff changeset
1882 etiam Augustinus dicit, XIV de Civ. Dei. Et ideo oportebat quod
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diff changeset
1883 inordinatio in homine non esset, nisi inciperet ab hoc quod summum
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diff changeset
1884 hominis non subderetur Deo; quod fit per peccatum mortale. Ex quo
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diff changeset
1885 patet quod homo in statu innocentiae non potuit peccare venialiter,
53
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1886 antequam peccaret mortaliter.</p><p title="I-II q. 89 a. 3 ad 1"><a name="37398"><span class="ref">[37398] Iª-IIae q. 89 a. 3 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28
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diff changeset
1887 ergo dicendum quod veniale non sumitur ibi secundum quod nunc de
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diff changeset
1888 veniali loquimur, sed dicitur veniale quod est facile
53
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diff changeset
1889 remissibile.</p><p title="I-II q. 89 a. 3 ad 2"><a name="37399"><span class="ref">[37399] Iª-IIae q. 89 a. 3 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
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diff changeset
1890 dicendum quod illa elatio quae praecessit in animo hominis, fuit
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diff changeset
1891 primum hominis peccatum mortale, dicitur autem praecessisse
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diff changeset
1892 deiectionem eius in exteriorem actum peccati. Huiusmodi autem
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diff changeset
1893 elationem subsecuta est et experiendi cupiditas in viro, et
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diff changeset
1894 dubitatio in muliere; quae ex hoc solo in quandam elationem
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diff changeset
1895 prorupit, quod praecepti mentionem a serpente audivit, quasi nollet
53
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1896 sub praecepto contineri.</p><p title="I-II q. 89 a. 3 ad 3"><a name="37400"><span class="ref">[37400] Iª-IIae q. 89 a. 3 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
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diff changeset
1897 dicendum quod peccatum mortale intantum opponitur integritati primi
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diff changeset
1898 status, quod corrumpit ipsum, quod peccatum veniale facere non
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diff changeset
1899 potest. Et quia non potest simul esse quaecumque inordinatio cum
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diff changeset
1900 integritate primi status, consequens est quod primus homo non
53
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1901 potuerit peccare venialiter, antequam peccaret mortaliter.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 4</h3><p title="I-II q. 89 a. 4 arg. 1"><a name="37401"><span class="ref">[37401] Iª-IIae q. 89 a. 4 arg. 1</span></a> Ad quartum
28
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diff changeset
1902 sic proceditur. Videtur quod Angelus bonus vel malus possit peccare
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diff changeset
1903 venialiter. Homo enim cum Angelis convenit in superiori animae
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diff changeset
1904 parte, quae mens vocatur; secundum illud Gregorii, in Homil.,
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diff changeset
1905 <i>homo intelligit cum Angelis</i>. Sed homo secundum superiorem
53
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1906 partem animae potest peccare venialiter. Ergo et Angelus.</p><p title="I-II q. 89 a. 4 arg. 2"><a name="37402"><span class="ref">[37402] Iª-IIae q. 89 a. 4 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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1907 quicumque potest quod est plus, potest etiam quod est minus. Sed
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diff changeset
1908 Angelus potuit diligere bonum creatum plus quam Deum, quod fecit
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1909 peccando mortaliter. Ergo etiam potuit bonum creatum diligere infra
53
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diff changeset
1910 Deum inordinate, venialiter peccando.</p><p title="I-II q. 89 a. 4 arg. 3"><a name="37403"><span class="ref">[37403] Iª-IIae q. 89 a. 4 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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diff changeset
1911 Angeli mali videntur aliqua facere quae sunt ex genere suo venialia
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diff changeset
1912 peccata, provocando homines ad risum, et ad alias huiusmodi
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diff changeset
1913 levitates. Sed circumstantia personae non facit de veniali mortale,
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diff changeset
1914 ut dictum est, nisi speciali prohibitione superveniente, quod non
53
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1915 est in proposito. Ergo Angelus potest peccare venialiter.</p><p title="I-II q. 89 a. 4 s. c."><a name="37404"><span class="ref">[37404] Iª-IIae q. 89 a. 4 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28
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1916 est quod maior est perfectio Angeli quam perfectio hominis in primo
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1917 statu. Sed homo in primo statu non potuit peccare venialiter. Ergo
53
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1918 multo minus Angelus.</p><p title="I-II q. 89 a. 4 co."><a name="37405"><span class="ref">[37405] Iª-IIae q. 89 a. 4 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
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1919 dicendum quod intellectus Angeli, sicut in primo dictum est, non
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diff changeset
1920 est discursivus, ut scilicet procedat a principiis in conclusiones,
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diff changeset
1921 seorsum utrumque intelligens, sicut in nobis contingit. Unde
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diff changeset
1922 oportet quod quandocumque considerat conclusiones, consideret eas
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diff changeset
1923 prout sunt in principiis. In appetibilibus autem, sicut multoties
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diff changeset
1924 dictum est, fines sunt sicut principia; ea vero quae sunt ad finem,
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diff changeset
1925 sunt sicut conclusiones. Unde mens Angeli non fertur in ea quae
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1926 sunt ad finem, nisi secundum quod constant sub ordine finis.
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1927 Propter hoc ex natura sua habent quod non possit in eis esse
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diff changeset
1928 deordinatio circa ea quae sunt ad finem, nisi simul sit deordinatio
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diff changeset
1929 circa finem ipsum, quod est per peccatum mortale. Sed Angeli boni
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diff changeset
1930 non moventur in ea quae sunt ad finem, nisi in ordine ad finem
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diff changeset
1931 debitum, qui est Deus. Et propter hoc omnes eorum actus sunt actus
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diff changeset
1932 caritatis. Et sic in eis non potest esse peccatum veniale. Angeli
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1933 vero mali in nihil moventur nisi in ordine ad finem peccati
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1934 superbiae ipsorum. Et ideo in omnibus peccant mortaliter,
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1935 quaecumque propria voluntate agunt. Secus autem est de appetitu
53
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1936 naturalis boni qui est in eis, ut in primo dictum est.</p><p title="I-II q. 89 a. 4 ad 1"><a name="37406"><span class="ref">[37406] Iª-IIae q. 89 a. 4 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28
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1937 ergo dicendum quod homo convenit quidem cum Angelis in mente, sive
53
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1938 in intellectu; sed differt in modo intelligendi, ut dictum est.</p><p title="I-II q. 89 a. 4 ad 2"><a name="37407"><span class="ref">[37407] Iª-IIae q. 89 a. 4 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
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1939 dicendum quod Angelus non potuit minus diligere creaturam quam
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1940 Deum, nisi simul referens eam in Deum, sicut in ultimum finem, vel
53
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1941 aliquem finem inordinatum, ratione iam dicta.</p><p title="I-II q. 89 a. 4 ad 3"><a name="37408"><span class="ref">[37408] Iª-IIae q. 89 a. 4 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
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1942 dicendum quod omnia illa quae videntur esse venialia, Daemones
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1943 procurant ut homines ad sui familiaritatem attrahant, et sic
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1944 deducant eos in peccatum mortale. Unde in omnibus talibus
53
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1945 mortaliter peccant, propter intentionem finis.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 5</h3><p title="I-II q. 89 a. 5 arg. 1"><a name="37409"><span class="ref">[37409] Iª-IIae q. 89 a. 5 arg. 1</span></a> Ad quintum
28
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1946 sic proceditur. Videtur quod primi motus sensualitatis in
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diff changeset
1947 infidelibus sint peccata mortalia. Dicit enim apostolus, ad Rom.
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1948 VIII, quod <i>nihil est damnationis his qui sunt in Christo Iesu,
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1949 qui non secundum carnem ambulant</i>, et loquitur ibi de
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diff changeset
1950 concupiscentia sensualitatis, ut ex praemissis apparet. Haec ergo
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1951 causa est quare concupiscere non sit damnabile his qui non secundum
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diff changeset
1952 carnem ambulant, consentiendo scilicet concupiscentiae, quia sunt
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1953 in Christo Iesu. Sed infideles non sunt in Christo Iesu. Ergo in
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diff changeset
1954 infidelibus est damnabile. Primi igitur motus infidelium sunt
53
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1955 peccata mortalia.</p><p title="I-II q. 89 a. 5 arg. 2"><a name="37410"><span class="ref">[37410] Iª-IIae q. 89 a. 5 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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1956 Anselmus dicit, in libro de gratia et Lib. Arb., <i>qui non sunt in
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diff changeset
1957 Christo, sentientes carnem, sequuntur damnationem, etiam si non
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diff changeset
1958 secundum carnem ambulant</i>. Sed damnatio non debetur nisi peccato
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diff changeset
1959 mortali. Ergo, cum homo sentiat carnem secundum primum motum
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diff changeset
1960 concupiscentiae, videtur quod primus motus concupiscentiae in
53
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1961 infidelibus sit peccatum mortale.</p><p title="I-II q. 89 a. 5 arg. 3"><a name="37411"><span class="ref">[37411] Iª-IIae q. 89 a. 5 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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diff changeset
1962 Anselmus dicit, in eodem libro, <i>sic factus est homo, ut
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diff changeset
1963 concupiscentiam sentire non deberet</i>. Hoc autem debitum videtur
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1964 homini remissum per gratiam baptismalem, quam infideles non habent.
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1965 Ergo quandocumque infidelis concupiscit, etiam si non consentiat,
53
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1966 peccat mortaliter, contra debitum faciens.</p><p title="I-II q. 89 a. 5 s. c."><a name="37412"><span class="ref">[37412] Iª-IIae q. 89 a. 5 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
28
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diff changeset
1967 est quod dicitur Act. X, <i>non est personarum acceptor Deus</i>.
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1968 Quod ergo uni non imputat ad damnationem, nec alteri. Sed primos
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1969 motus fidelibus non imputat ad damnationem. Ergo etiam nec
53
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diff changeset
1970 infidelibus.</p><p title="I-II q. 89 a. 5 co."><a name="37413"><span class="ref">[37413] Iª-IIae q. 89 a. 5 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
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diff changeset
1971 dicendum quod irrationabiliter dicitur quod primi motus infidelium
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diff changeset
1972 sint peccata mortalia, si eis non consentiatur. Et hoc patet
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diff changeset
1973 dupliciter. Primo quidem, quia ipsa sensualitas non potest esse
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diff changeset
1974 subiectum peccati mortalis, ut supra habitum est. Est autem eadem
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diff changeset
1975 natura sensualitatis in infidelibus et fidelibus. Unde non potest
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diff changeset
1976 esse quod solus motus sensualitatis in infidelibus sit peccatum
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diff changeset
1977 mortale. Alio modo, ex statu ipsius peccantis. Nunquam enim
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diff changeset
1978 dignitas personae diminuit peccatum, sed magis auget, ut ex supra
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diff changeset
1979 dictis patet. Unde nec peccatum est minus in fideli quam in
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diff changeset
1980 infideli, sed multo maius. Nam et infidelium peccata magis merentur
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diff changeset
1981 veniam, propter ignorantiam, secundum illud I ad Tim. I,
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diff changeset
1982 <i>misericordiam Dei consecutus sum, quia ignorans feci in
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diff changeset
1983 incredulitate mea</i>; et peccata fidelium aggravantur propter
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diff changeset
1984 gratiae sacramenta, secundum illud Heb. X, <i>quanto magis putatis
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diff changeset
1985 deteriora mereri supplicia, qui sanguinem testamenti, in quo
53
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1986 sanctificatus est, pollutum duxerit?</i></p><p title="I-II q. 89 a. 5 ad 1"><a name="37414"><span class="ref">[37414] Iª-IIae q. 89 a. 5 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
28
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diff changeset
1987 ergo dicendum quod apostolus loquitur de damnatione debita peccato
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diff changeset
1988 originali, quae aufertur per gratiam Iesu Christi, quamvis maneat
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diff changeset
1989 concupiscentiae fomes. Unde hoc quod fideles concupiscunt, non est
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diff changeset
1990 in eis signum damnationis originalis peccati, sicut est in
53
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diff changeset
1991 infidelibus.</p><p title="I-II q. 89 a. 5 ad 2"><a name="37415"><span class="ref">[37415] Iª-IIae q. 89 a. 5 ad 2</span></a> Et hoc etiam
28
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diff changeset
1992 modo intelligendum est dictum Anselmi. Unde patet solutio ad
53
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diff changeset
1993 secundum.</p><p title="I-II q. 89 a. 5 ad 3"><a name="37416"><span class="ref">[37416] Iª-IIae q. 89 a. 5 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
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diff changeset
1994 dicendum quod illud debitum non concupiscendi erat per originalem
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diff changeset
1995 iustitiam. Unde id quod opponitur tali debito, non pertinet ad
53
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diff changeset
1996 peccatum actuale, sed ad peccatum originale.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 6</h3><p title="I-II q. 89 a. 6 arg. 1"><a name="37417"><span class="ref">[37417] Iª-IIae q. 89 a. 6 arg. 1</span></a> Ad sextum
28
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diff changeset
1997 sic proceditur. Videtur quod peccatum veniale possit esse in aliquo
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diff changeset
1998 cum solo originali. Dispositio enim praecedit habitum. Sed veniale
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diff changeset
1999 est dispositio ad mortale, ut supra dictum est. Ergo veniale in
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diff changeset
2000 infideli, cui non remittitur originale, invenitur ante mortale. Et
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diff changeset
2001 sic quandoque infideles habent peccata venialia cum originali, sine
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diff changeset
2002 mortalibus.</p><p title="I-II q. 89 a. 6 arg. 2"><a name="37418"><span class="ref">[37418] Iª-IIae q. 89 a. 6 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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diff changeset
2003 minus habet de connexione et convenientia veniale cum mortali, quam
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diff changeset
2004 mortale peccatum cum mortali. Sed infidelis subiectus originali
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diff changeset
2005 peccato, potest committere unum peccatum mortale et non aliud. Ergo
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2006 etiam potest committere peccatum veniale, et non mortale.</p><p title="I-II q. 89 a. 6 arg. 3"><a name="37419"><span class="ref">[37419] Iª-IIae q. 89 a. 6 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
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2007 determinari potest tempus in quo puer primo potest esse actor
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2008 peccati actualis. Ad quod tempus cum pervenerit, potest ad minus
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2009 per aliquod breve spatium stare, quin peccet mortaliter, quia hoc
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2010 etiam in maximis sceleratis contingit. In illo autem spatio,
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2011 quantumcumque brevi, potest peccare venialiter. Ergo peccatum
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2012 veniale potest esse in aliquo cum originali peccato, absque
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2013 mortali.</p><p title="I-II q. 89 a. 6 s. c."><a name="37420"><span class="ref">[37420] Iª-IIae q. 89 a. 6 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra
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2014 est quia pro peccato originali puniuntur homines in Limbo puerorum,
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2015 ubi non est poena sensus, ut infra dicetur. In Inferno autem
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2016 detruduntur homines propter solum peccatum mortale. Ergo non erit
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2017 locus in quo possit puniri ille qui habet peccatum veniale cum
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2018 originali solo.</p><p title="I-II q. 89 a. 6 co."><a name="37421"><span class="ref">[37421] Iª-IIae q. 89 a. 6 co.</span></a> Respondeo
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2019 dicendum quod impossibile est quod peccatum veniale sit in aliquo
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2020 cum originali peccato, absque mortali. Cuius ratio est quia
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2021 antequam ad annos discretionis perveniat, defectus aetatis,
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2022 prohibens usum rationis, excusat eum a peccato mortali, unde multo
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2023 magis excusat eum a peccato veniali, si committat aliquid quod sit
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2024 ex genere suo tale. Cum vero usum rationis habere inceperit, non
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2025 omnino excusatur a culpa venialis et mortalis peccati. Sed primum
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2026 quod tunc homini cogitandum occurrit, est deliberare de seipso. Et
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2027 si quidem seipsum ordinaverit ad debitum finem, per gratiam
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2028 consequetur remissionem originalis peccati. Si vero non ordinet
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2029 seipsum ad debitum finem, secundum quod in illa aetate est capax
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2030 discretionis, peccabit mortaliter, non faciens quod in se est. Et
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2031 ex tunc non erit in eo peccatum veniale sine mortali, nisi postquam
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2032 totum fuerit sibi per gratiam remissum.</p><p title="I-II q. 89 a. 6 ad 1"><a name="37422"><span class="ref">[37422] Iª-IIae q. 89 a. 6 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum
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2033 ergo dicendum quod veniale non est dispositio ex necessitate
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2034 praecedens mortale, sed contingenter, sicut labor disponit
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2035 quandoque ad febrem, non autem sicut calor disponit ad formam
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2036 ignis.</p><p title="I-II q. 89 a. 6 ad 2"><a name="37423"><span class="ref">[37423] Iª-IIae q. 89 a. 6 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
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2037 dicendum quod non impeditur peccatum veniale esse simul cum solo
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2038 originali propter distantiam eius vel convenientiam; sed propter
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2039 defectum usus rationis, ut dictum est.</p><p title="I-II q. 89 a. 6 ad 3"><a name="37424"><span class="ref">[37424] Iª-IIae q. 89 a. 6 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
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2040 dicendum quod ab aliis peccatis mortalibus potest puer incipiens
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2041 habere usum rationis, per aliquod tempus abstinere, sed a peccato
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2042 omissionis praedictae non liberatur, nisi quam cito potest, se
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2043 convertat ad Deum. Primum enim quod occurrit homini discretionem
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2044 habenti est quod de seipso cogitet, ad quem alia ordinet sicut ad
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2045 finem, finis enim est prior in intentione. Et ideo hoc est tempus
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2046 pro quo obligatur ex Dei praecepto affirmativo, quo dominus dicit,
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2047 <i>convertimini ad me, et ego convertar ad vos</i>, Zachariae
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2048 I.</p></div></div><div class="centro"><br/>
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2049 <p><a href="sth2075.html"><img alt="age retro" border="0" align="middle" height="19" width="19" src="icons/ageretro.gif"/></a>  
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2050 <a href="sth2090.html"><img alt="age ultra" border="0" align="middle" height="19" width="19" src="icons/ageultra.gif"/></a></p>
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2051 <br/>
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2052 <hr/>
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2053 <br/>
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2054 <address>© 2006 Fundación Tomás de Aquino quoad
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2055 hanc editionem<br/>
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2056 Iura omnia asservantur<br/>
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2057 OCLC nr. <a style="text-decoration=none" href="http://worldcatlibraries.org/wcpa/oclc/49644264">49644264</a></address>
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2058 </div></body>
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2059 </html>