Aquinas: summa/latin/sth1065.html annotate

annotate summa/latin/sth1065.html @ 56:b098f72b8f2f

local doctype

author	ht
date	Wed, 30 Dec 2009 12:00:10 +0000
parents	d777cc3962f2
children	03759e5c1080

rev	line source
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2 <!DOCTYPE html
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	3 PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "file:///c:/cygwin/usr/local/share/lib/xml/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	4 <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="LA" lang="LA">
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	5 <head>
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	6 <meta content="HTML Tidy for Windows (vers 1st February 2005), see www.w3.org" name="generator"/>
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	7 <meta content="text/html; charset=us-ascii" http-equiv="Content-Type"/>
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	8 <meta content="text/css" http-equiv="Content-Style-Type"/>
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	9 <meta content="text/javascript" http-equiv="Content-Script-Type"/>
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	10 <meta content="Thomas de Aquino, Summa Theologiae, Corpus Thomisticum" name="keywords"/>
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	11 <meta content="Latin" name="language"/>
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	12 <meta content="public" name="security"/>
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	13 <meta content="ealarcon@unav.es" name="owner"/>
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	14 <meta content="Enrique Alarcón" name="author"/>
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	15 <meta content="" name="abstract"/>
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	16 <link type="text/css" href="vscreen.css" media="screen" rel="stylesheet"/>
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	17 <link type="text/css" href="vprint.css" media="print" rel="stylesheet"/>
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	18 <title>Thomas de Aquino, Summa Theologiae, Iª q. 65-74</title>
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	19 </head>
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	20 <body><a href="http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/"/><div class="tres">CORPUS THOMISTICUM</div><div class="uno">Sancti Thomae de Aquino</div><div class="uno">Summa Theologiae</div><div class="dos">prima pars a quaestione LXV ad quaestionem
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	21 LXXIV</div><div class="centro">
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	22 <table summary="Imago" align="center">
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	23 <tr>
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	24 <th><img align="middle" alt="Thomas de Aquino a Justo Ghent depictus" border="0" height="190" width="120" src="icons/ghent190.jpg"/></th>
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	25 </tr>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	26 </table>
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	27 <br/>
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	28 <span class="tres">Textum Leoninum Romae 1889 editum<br/>
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	29 ac automato translatum a Roberto Busa SJ in taenias
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	30 magneticas<br/>
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	31 denuo recognovit Enrique Alarcón atque instruxit<br/>
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	32 <br/></span><br/>
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	33 <hr/>
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	34 <br/>
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	35 <p><a href="sth1050.html"><img alt="age retro" border="0" align="middle" height="19" width="19" src="icons/ageretro.gif"/></a>
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	36 <a href="sth1075.html"><img alt="age ultra" border="0" align="middle" height="19" width="19" src="icons/ageultra.gif"/></a></p>
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	37 <script type="text/javascript" language="JavaScript">
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	38 //
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	39 <!--
26 4006eb4882de originals from http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/sth0000.html ht parents: diff changeset	40 // original code by Bill Trefzger 12/12/96; revised by Enrique Alarcon 12/9/2000
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53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	42 document.write('<FORM NAME="selecter"><SELECT NAME="select1">');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	43 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="none">INDEX');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	44 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="none">------------------------------------------------');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	45 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="index.html">Corpus Thomisticum');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	46 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="iopera.html">Opera omnia');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	47 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="zbiblia.html">Bibliographia Thomistica');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	48 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="none">------------------------------------------------');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	49 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#31159">I&ordf; q. 65 pr.');
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d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	51 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#31161">I&ordf; q. 65 a. 1 arg. 2');
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d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	53 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#31163">I&ordf; q. 65 a. 1 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	54 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#31164">I&ordf; q. 65 a. 1 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	55 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#31165">I&ordf; q. 65 a. 1 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	56 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#31166">I&ordf; q. 65 a. 1 ad 2');
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d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	58 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#31168">I&ordf; q. 65 a. 2 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	59 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#31169">I&ordf; q. 65 a. 2 arg. 2');
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d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	62 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#31172">I&ordf; q. 65 a. 2 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	63 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#31173">I&ordf; q. 65 a. 2 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	64 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#31174">I&ordf; q. 65 a. 2 ad 2');
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d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	79 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#31189">I&ordf; q. 65 a. 4 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	80 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#31190">I&ordf; q. 65 a. 4 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	81 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#31191">I&ordf; q. 65 a. 4 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	82 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#31192">I&ordf; q. 66 pr.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	83 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#31193">I&ordf; q. 66 a. 1 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	84 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#31194">I&ordf; q. 66 a. 1 arg. 2');
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d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	87 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#31197">I&ordf; q. 66 a. 1 s. c. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	88 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#31198">I&ordf; q. 66 a. 1 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	89 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#31199">I&ordf; q. 66 a. 1 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	90 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#31200">I&ordf; q. 66 a. 1 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	91 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#31201">I&ordf; q. 66 a. 1 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	92 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#31202">I&ordf; q. 66 a. 1 ad 4');
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d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	95 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#31205">I&ordf; q. 66 a. 2 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	96 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#31206">I&ordf; q. 66 a. 2 arg. 3');
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d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	98 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#31208">I&ordf; q. 66 a. 2 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	99 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#31209">I&ordf; q. 66 a. 2 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	100 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#31210">I&ordf; q. 66 a. 2 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	101 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#31211">I&ordf; q. 66 a. 2 ad 2');
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d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	104 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#31214">I&ordf; q. 66 a. 3 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	105 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#31215">I&ordf; q. 66 a. 3 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	106 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#31216">I&ordf; q. 66 a. 3 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	107 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#31217">I&ordf; q. 66 a. 3 arg. 4');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	108 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#31218">I&ordf; q. 66 a. 3 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	109 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#31219">I&ordf; q. 66 a. 3 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	110 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#31220">I&ordf; q. 66 a. 3 ad 1');
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d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	114 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#31224">I&ordf; q. 66 a. 4 arg. 1');
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d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	118 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#31228">I&ordf; q. 66 a. 4 arg. 5');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	119 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#31229">I&ordf; q. 66 a. 4 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	120 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#31230">I&ordf; q. 66 a. 4 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	121 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#31231">I&ordf; q. 66 a. 4 ad 1');
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d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	124 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#31234">I&ordf; q. 66 a. 4 ad 4');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	125 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#31235">I&ordf; q. 66 a. 4 ad 5');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	126 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#31236">I&ordf; q. 67 pr.');
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d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	169 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#31279">I&ordf; q. 68 a. 2 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	170 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#31280">I&ordf; q. 68 a. 2 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	171 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#31281">I&ordf; q. 68 a. 2 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	172 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#31282">I&ordf; q. 68 a. 2 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	173 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#31283">I&ordf; q. 68 a. 2 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	174 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#31284">I&ordf; q. 68 a. 2 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	175 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#31285">I&ordf; q. 68 a. 3 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	176 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#31286">I&ordf; q. 68 a. 3 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	177 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#31287">I&ordf; q. 68 a. 3 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	178 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#31288">I&ordf; q. 68 a. 3 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	179 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#31289">I&ordf; q. 68 a. 3 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	180 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#31290">I&ordf; q. 68 a. 3 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	181 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#31291">I&ordf; q. 68 a. 3 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	182 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#31292">I&ordf; q. 68 a. 3 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	183 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#31293">I&ordf; q. 68 a. 4 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	184 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#31294">I&ordf; q. 68 a. 4 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	185 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#31295">I&ordf; q. 68 a. 4 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	186 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#31296">I&ordf; q. 68 a. 4 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	187 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#31297">I&ordf; q. 68 a. 4 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	188 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#31298">I&ordf; q. 68 a. 4 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	189 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#31299">I&ordf; q. 68 a. 4 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	190 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#31300">I&ordf; q. 68 a. 4 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	191 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#31301">I&ordf; q. 69 pr.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	192 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#31302">I&ordf; q. 69 a. 1 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	193 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#31303">I&ordf; q. 69 a. 1 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	194 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#31304">I&ordf; q. 69 a. 1 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	195 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#31305">I&ordf; q. 69 a. 1 arg. 4');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	196 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#31306">I&ordf; q. 69 a. 1 arg. 5');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	197 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#31307">I&ordf; q. 69 a. 1 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	198 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#31308">I&ordf; q. 69 a. 1 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	199 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#31309">I&ordf; q. 69 a. 1 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	200 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#31310">I&ordf; q. 69 a. 1 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	201 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#31311">I&ordf; q. 69 a. 1 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	202 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#31312">I&ordf; q. 69 a. 1 ad 4');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	203 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#31313">I&ordf; q. 69 a. 1 ad 5');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	204 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#31314">I&ordf; q. 69 a. 2 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	205 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#31315">I&ordf; q. 69 a. 2 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	206 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#31316">I&ordf; q. 69 a. 2 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	207 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#31317">I&ordf; q. 69 a. 2 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	208 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#31318">I&ordf; q. 69 a. 2 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	209 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#31319">I&ordf; q. 69 a. 2 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	210 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#31320">I&ordf; q. 69 a. 2 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	211 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#31321">I&ordf; q. 69 a. 2 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	212 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#31322">I&ordf; q. 70 pr.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	213 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#31323">I&ordf; q. 70 a. 1 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	214 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#31324">I&ordf; q. 70 a. 1 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	215 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#31325">I&ordf; q. 70 a. 1 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	216 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#31326">I&ordf; q. 70 a. 1 arg. 4');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	217 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#31327">I&ordf; q. 70 a. 1 arg. 5');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	218 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#31328">I&ordf; q. 70 a. 1 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	219 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#31329">I&ordf; q. 70 a. 1 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	220 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#31330">I&ordf; q. 70 a. 1 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	221 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#31331">I&ordf; q. 70 a. 1 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	222 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#31332">I&ordf; q. 70 a. 1 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	223 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#31333">I&ordf; q. 70 a. 1 ad 4');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	224 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#31334">I&ordf; q. 70 a. 1 ad 5');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	225 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#31335">I&ordf; q. 70 a. 2 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	226 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#31336">I&ordf; q. 70 a. 2 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	227 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#31337">I&ordf; q. 70 a. 2 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	228 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#31338">I&ordf; q. 70 a. 2 arg. 4');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	229 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#31339">I&ordf; q. 70 a. 2 arg. 5');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	230 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#31340">I&ordf; q. 70 a. 2 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	231 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#31341">I&ordf; q. 70 a. 2 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	232 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#31342">I&ordf; q. 70 a. 2 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	233 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#31343">I&ordf; q. 70 a. 2 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	234 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#31344">I&ordf; q. 70 a. 2 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	235 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#31345">I&ordf; q. 70 a. 2 ad 4');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	236 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#31346">I&ordf; q. 70 a. 2 ad 5');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	237 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#31347">I&ordf; q. 70 a. 3 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	238 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#31348">I&ordf; q. 70 a. 3 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	239 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#31349">I&ordf; q. 70 a. 3 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	240 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#31350">I&ordf; q. 70 a. 3 arg. 4');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	241 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#31351">I&ordf; q. 70 a. 3 arg. 5');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	242 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#31352">I&ordf; q. 70 a. 3 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	243 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#31353">I&ordf; q. 70 a. 3 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	244 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#31354">I&ordf; q. 70 a. 3 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	245 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#31355">I&ordf; q. 70 a. 3 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	246 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#31356">I&ordf; q. 70 a. 3 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	247 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#31357">I&ordf; q. 70 a. 3 ad 4');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	248 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#31358">I&ordf; q. 70 a. 3 ad 5');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	249 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#31359">I&ordf; q. 71 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	250 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#31360">I&ordf; q. 71 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	251 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#31361">I&ordf; q. 71 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	252 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#31362">I&ordf; q. 71 arg. 4');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	253 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#31363">I&ordf; q. 71 arg. 5');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	254 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#31364">I&ordf; q. 71 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	255 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#31365">I&ordf; q. 71 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	256 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#31366">I&ordf; q. 71 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	257 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#31367">I&ordf; q. 71 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	258 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#31368">I&ordf; q. 71 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	259 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#31369">I&ordf; q. 71 ad 4');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	260 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#31370">I&ordf; q. 71 ad 5');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	261 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#31371">I&ordf; q. 72 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	262 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#31372">I&ordf; q. 72 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	263 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#31373">I&ordf; q. 72 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	264 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#31374">I&ordf; q. 72 arg. 4');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	265 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#31375">I&ordf; q. 72 arg. 5');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	266 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#31376">I&ordf; q. 72 arg. 6');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	267 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#31377">I&ordf; q. 72 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	268 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#31378">I&ordf; q. 72 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	269 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#31379">I&ordf; q. 72 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	270 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#31380">I&ordf; q. 72 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	271 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#31381">I&ordf; q. 72 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	272 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#31382">I&ordf; q. 72 ad 4');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	273 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#31383">I&ordf; q. 72 ad 5');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	274 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#31384">I&ordf; q. 72 ad 6');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	275 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#31385">I&ordf; q. 73 pr.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	276 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#31386">I&ordf; q. 73 a. 1 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	277 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#31387">I&ordf; q. 73 a. 1 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	278 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#31388">I&ordf; q. 73 a. 1 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	279 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#31389">I&ordf; q. 73 a. 1 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	280 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#31390">I&ordf; q. 73 a. 1 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	281 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#31391">I&ordf; q. 73 a. 1 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	282 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#31392">I&ordf; q. 73 a. 1 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	283 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#31393">I&ordf; q. 73 a. 1 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	284 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#31394">I&ordf; q. 73 a. 2 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	285 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#31395">I&ordf; q. 73 a. 2 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	286 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#31396">I&ordf; q. 73 a. 2 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	287 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#31397">I&ordf; q. 73 a. 2 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	288 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#31398">I&ordf; q. 73 a. 2 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	289 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#31399">I&ordf; q. 73 a. 2 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	290 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#31400">I&ordf; q. 73 a. 2 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	291 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#31401">I&ordf; q. 73 a. 2 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	292 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#31402">I&ordf; q. 73 a. 3 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	293 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#31403">I&ordf; q. 73 a. 3 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	294 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#31404">I&ordf; q. 73 a. 3 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	295 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#31405">I&ordf; q. 73 a. 3 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	296 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#31406">I&ordf; q. 73 a. 3 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	297 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#31407">I&ordf; q. 73 a. 3 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	298 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#31408">I&ordf; q. 73 a. 3 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	299 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#31409">I&ordf; q. 73 a. 3 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	300 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#31410">I&ordf; q. 74 pr.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	301 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#31411">I&ordf; q. 74 a. 1 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	302 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#31412">I&ordf; q. 74 a. 1 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	303 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#31413">I&ordf; q. 74 a. 1 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	304 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#31414">I&ordf; q. 74 a. 1 s. c. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	305 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#31415">I&ordf; q. 74 a. 1 s. c. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	306 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#31416">I&ordf; q. 74 a. 1 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	307 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#31417">I&ordf; q. 74 a. 1 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	308 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#31418">I&ordf; q. 74 a. 1 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	309 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#31419">I&ordf; q. 74 a. 1 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	310 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#31420">I&ordf; q. 74 a. 1 ad 4');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	311 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#31421">I&ordf; q. 74 a. 1 ad 5');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	312 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#31422">I&ordf; q. 74 a. 2 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	313 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#31423">I&ordf; q. 74 a. 2 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	314 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#31424">I&ordf; q. 74 a. 2 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	315 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#31425">I&ordf; q. 74 a. 2 arg. 4');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	316 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#31426">I&ordf; q. 74 a. 2 s. c.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	317 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#31427">I&ordf; q. 74 a. 2 co.');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	318 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#31428">I&ordf; q. 74 a. 2 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	319 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#31429">I&ordf; q. 74 a. 2 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	320 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#31430">I&ordf; q. 74 a. 2 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	321 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#31431">I&ordf; q. 74 a. 2 ad 4');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	322 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#31432">I&ordf; q. 74 a. 2 ad 5');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	323 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#31433">I&ordf; q. 74 a. 3 arg. 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	324 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#31434">I&ordf; q. 74 a. 3 arg. 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	325 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#31435">I&ordf; q. 74 a. 3 arg. 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	326 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#31436">I&ordf; q. 74 a. 3 arg. 4');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	327 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#31437">I&ordf; q. 74 a. 3 arg. 5');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	328 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#31438">I&ordf; q. 74 a. 3 arg. 6');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	329 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#31439">I&ordf; q. 74 a. 3 arg. 7');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	330 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#31440">I&ordf; q. 74 a. 3 ad 1');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	331 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#31441">I&ordf; q. 74 a. 3 ad 2');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	332 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#31442">I&ordf; q. 74 a. 3 ad 3');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	333 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#31443">I&ordf; q. 74 a. 3 ad 4');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	334 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#31444">I&ordf; q. 74 a. 3 ad 5');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	335 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#31445">I&ordf; q. 74 a. 3 ad 6');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	336 document.write('<OPTION VALUE="#31446">I&ordf; q. 74 a. 3 ad 7');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	337 document.write('<\/SELECT>');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	338 document.write('<BR><BR>');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	339 document.write('<INPUT TYPE="button" VALUE="Agedum" ONCLICK="go()">');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	340 document.write('<\/FORM>');
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	341 // -->
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	342 //
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	343 </script><br/>
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	344 <hr/>
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	345 <br/></div><div class="q" id="q65"><h2>Quaestio 65</h2><div class="p"><h3>Prooemium</h3><p title="I q. 65 pr."><a name="31159"><span class="ref">[31159]
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	346 Iª q. 65 pr.</span></a> Post considerationem spiritualis
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	347 creaturae, considerandum est de creatura corporali. In cuius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	348 productione tria opera Scriptura commemorat, scilicet opus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	349 creationis, cum dicitur, <i>in principio creavit Deus caelum et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	350 terram,</i> etc.; opus distinctionis, cum dicitur, <i>divisit lucem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	351 a tenebris, et aquas quae sunt supra firmamentum, ab aquis quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	352 sunt sub firmamento</i>; et opus ornatus, cum dicitur, <i>fiant
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	353 luminaria in firmamento</i> et cetera. Primo ergo considerandum est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	354 de opere creationis; secundo, de opere distinctionis; tertio, de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	355 opere ornatus. Circa primum quaeruntur quatuor. Primo, utrum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	356 creatura corporalis sit a Deo. Secundo, utrum sit facta propter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	357 bonitatem Dei. Tertio, utrum sit facta a Deo mediantibus Angelis.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	358 Quarto, utrum formae corporum sint ab Angelis, an immediate a
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	359 Deo.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 1</h3><p title="I q. 65 a. 1 arg. 1"><a name="31160"><span class="ref">[31160] Iª q. 65 a. 1 arg. 1</span></a> Ad primum sic
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	360 proceditur. Videtur quod creatura corporalis non sit a Deo. Dicitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	361 enim Eccle. III, <i>didici quod omnia quae fecit Deus, perseverant
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	362 in aeternum</i>. Sed corpora visibilia non perseverant in aeternum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	363 dicitur enim II Cor. IV, <i>quae videntur temporalia sunt; quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	364 autem non videntur, aeterna</i>. Ergo Deus non fecit corpora
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	365 visibilia.</p><p title="I q. 65 a. 1 arg. 2"><a name="31161"><span class="ref">[31161] Iª q. 65 a. 1 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea, Gen.
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	366 I, dicitur, <i>vidit Deus cuncta quae fecerat, et erant valde
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	367 bona</i>. Sed creaturae corporales sunt malae, experimur enim eas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	368 in multis noxias, ut patet in multis serpentibus, in aestu solis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	369 et huiusmodi; ideo autem aliquid dicitur malum, quia nocet.
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	370 Creaturae igitur corporales non sunt a Deo.</p><p title="I q. 65 a. 1 arg. 3"><a name="31162"><span class="ref">[31162] Iª q. 65 a. 1 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea, id
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	371 quod est a Deo, non retrahit a Deo, sed ducit in ipsum. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	372 creaturae corporales retrahunt a Deo, unde apostolus dicit, II Cor.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	373 IV, <i>non contemplantibus nobis quae videntur</i>. Ergo creaturae
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	374 corporales non sunt a Deo.</p><p title="I q. 65 a. 1 s. c."><a name="31163"><span class="ref">[31163] Iª q. 65 a. 1 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	375 quod dicitur in Psalmo CXLV, <i>qui fecit caelum et terram, mare,
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	376 et omnia quae in eis sunt</i>.</p><p title="I q. 65 a. 1 co."><a name="31164"><span class="ref">[31164] Iª q. 65 a. 1 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	377 quod quorundam haereticorum positio est, quod visibilia ista non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	378 sunt creata a bono Deo, sed a malo principio. Et ad argumentum sui
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	379 erroris assumunt quod apostolus dicit II, Cor. IV, <i>Deus huius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	380 saeculi excaecavit mentes infidelium</i>. Haec autem positio est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	381 omnino impossibilis. Si enim diversa in aliquo uniantur, necesse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	382 est huius unionis causam esse aliquam, non enim diversa secundum se
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	383 uniuntur. Et inde est quod, quandocumque in diversis invenitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	384 aliquid unum, oportet quod illa diversa illud unum ab aliqua una
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	385 causa recipiant; sicut diversa corpora calida habent calorem ab
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	386 igne. Hoc autem quod est esse, communiter invenitur in omnibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	387 rebus, quantumcumque diversis. Necesse est ergo esse unum essendi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	388 principium, a quo esse habeant quaecumque sunt quocumque modo, sive
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	389 sint invisibilia et spiritualia, sive sint visibilia et corporalia.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	390 Dicitur autem Diabolus esse Deus huius saeculi, non creatione, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	391 quia saeculariter viventes ei serviunt; eo modo loquendi quo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	392 apostolus loquitur, ad Philipp. III, <i>quorum Deus venter
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	393 est</i>.</p><p title="I q. 65 a. 1 ad 1"><a name="31165"><span class="ref">[31165] Iª q. 65 a. 1 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	394 dicendum quod omnes creaturae Dei secundum aliquid in aeternum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	395 perseverant, ad minus secundum materiam, quia creaturae nunquam in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	396 nihilum redigentur, etiam si sint corruptibiles. Sed quanto
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	397 creaturae magis appropinquant ad Deum, qui est omnino immobilis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	398 tanto magis sunt immobiles. Nam creaturae corruptibiles in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	399 perpetuum manent secundum materiam, sed mutantur secundum formam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	400 substantialem. Creaturae vero incorruptibiles permanent quidem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	401 secundum substantiam, sed sunt mutabiles secundum alia, puta
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	402 secundum locum, ut corpora caelestia; vel secundum affectiones, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	403 creaturae spirituales. Quod autem apostolus dicit, <i>quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	404 videntur, temporalia sunt</i>, etsi verum sit etiam quantum ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	405 ipsas res in se consideratas, secundum quod omnis creatura
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	406 visibilis subiacet tempori, vel secundum suum esse vel secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	407 suum motum; tamen apostolus intendit loqui de visibilibus secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	408 quod sunt hominis praemia. Nam praemia hominis quae sunt in istis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	409 rebus visibilibus, temporaliter transeunt, quae autem sunt in rebus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	410 invisibilibus, permanent in aeternum. Unde et supra praemiserat,
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	411 <i>aeternum gloriae pondus operatur in nobis</i>.</p><p title="I q. 65 a. 1 ad 2"><a name="31166"><span class="ref">[31166] Iª q. 65 a. 1 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	412 dicendum quod creatura corporalis, secundum suam naturam, est bona,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	413 sed non est bonum universale, sed est quoddam bonum particulare et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	414 contractum, secundum quam particularitatem et contractionem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	415 sequitur in ea contrarietas, per quam unum contrariatur alteri,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	416 licet utrumque in se sit bonum. Quidam autem, aestimantes res non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	417 ex earum natura, sed ex suo proprio commodo, quaecumque sibi nociva
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	418 sunt, simpliciter mala arbitrantur non considerantes quod id quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	419 est uni nocivum quantum ad aliquid, vel alteri vel eidem quantum ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	420 aliquid est proficuum. Quod nequaquam esset, si secundum se corpora
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	421 essent mala et noxia.</p><p title="I q. 65 a. 1 ad 3"><a name="31167"><span class="ref">[31167] Iª q. 65 a. 1 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	422 dicendum quod creaturae, quantum est de se, non retrahunt a Deo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	423 sed in ipsum ducunt, quia <i>invisibilia Dei per ea quae facta
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	424 sunt, intellecta, conspiciuntur</i>, ut dicitur Rom. I. Sed quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	425 avertant a Deo, hoc est ex culpa eorum qui insipienter eis utuntur.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	426 Unde dicitur Sap. XIV, quod <i>creaturae factae sunt in muscipulam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	427 pedibus insipientium</i>. Et hoc ipsum quod sic a Deo abducunt,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	428 attestatur quod sunt a Deo. Non enim abducunt insipientes a Deo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	429 nisi alliciendo secundum aliquid boni in eis existens, quod habent
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	430 a Deo.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 2</h3><p title="I q. 65 a. 2 arg. 1"><a name="31168"><span class="ref">[31168] Iª q. 65 a. 2 arg. 1</span></a> Ad secundum sic
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	431 proceditur. Videtur quod creatura corporalis non sit facta propter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	432 Dei bonitatem. Dicitur enim Sap. I, <i>creavit Deus ut essent
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	433 omnia</i>. Ergo omnia sunt creata propter suum proprium esse, et
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	434 non propter Dei bonitatem.</p><p title="I q. 65 a. 2 arg. 2"><a name="31169"><span class="ref">[31169] Iª q. 65 a. 2 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea, bonum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	435 habet rationem finis. Ergo id quod est magis bonum in rebus, est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	436 finis minus boni. Creatura autem spiritualis comparatur ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	437 corporalem, sicut maius bonum ad minus bonum. Ergo creatura
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	438 corporalis est propter spiritualem, et non propter Dei
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	439 bonitatem.</p><p title="I q. 65 a. 2 arg. 3"><a name="31170"><span class="ref">[31170] Iª q. 65 a. 2 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	440 iustitia non dat inaequalia nisi inaequalibus. Sed Deus est iustus.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	441 Ergo ante omnem inaequalitatem a Deo creatam, est inaequalitas a
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	442 Deo non creata. Sed inaequalitas a Deo non creata, non potest esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	443 nisi quae est ex libero arbitrio. Ergo omnis inaequalitas sequitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	444 ex diversis motibus liberi arbitrii. Creaturae autem corporales
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	445 sunt inaequales spiritualibus. Ergo creaturae corporales sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	446 factae propter aliquos motus liberi arbitrii, et non propter Dei
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	447 bonitatem.</p><p title="I q. 65 a. 2 s. c."><a name="31171"><span class="ref">[31171] Iª q. 65 a. 2 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	448 quod dicitur Prov. XVI, <i>universa propter semetipsum operatus est
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	449 dominus</i>.</p><p title="I q. 65 a. 2 co."><a name="31172"><span class="ref">[31172] Iª q. 65 a. 2 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	450 quod Origenes posuit quod creatura corporalis non est facta ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	451 prima Dei intentione, sed ad poenam creaturae spiritualis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	452 peccantis. Posuit enim quod Deus a principio creaturas spirituales
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	453 solas fecit, et omnes aequales. Quarum, cum essent liberi arbitrii,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	454 quaedam conversae sunt in Deum, et secundum quantitatem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	455 conversionis sortitae sunt maiorem vel minorem gradum, in sua
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	456 simplicitate remanentes. Quaedam vero, aversae a Deo, alligatae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	457 sunt corporibus diversis, secundum modum aversionis a Deo. Quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	458 quidem positio erronea est. Primo quidem, quia contrariatur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	459 Scripturae, quae, enarrata productione cuiuslibet speciei creaturae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	460 corporalis subiungit, vidit Deus quia hoc esset bonum; quasi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	461 diceret quod unumquodque ideo factum est, quia bonum est ipsum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	462 esse. Secundum autem opinionem Origenis, creatura corporalis facta
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	463 est, non quia bonum est eam esse, sed ut malum alterius puniretur.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	464 Secundo, quia sequeretur quod mundi corporalis dispositio quae nunc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	465 est, esset a casu. Si enim ideo corpus solis tale factum est, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	466 congrueret alicui peccato spiritualis creaturae puniendo; si plures
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	467 creaturae spirituales similiter peccassent sicut illa propter cuius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	468 peccatum puniendum ponit solem creatum, sequeretur quod essent
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	469 plures soles in mundo. Et idem esset de aliis. Haec autem sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	470 omnino inconvenientia. Unde haec positione remota tanquam erronea,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	471 considerandum est quod ex omnibus creaturis constituitur totum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	472 universum sicut totum ex partibus. Si autem alicuius totius et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	473 partium eius velimus finem assignare, inveniemus primo quidem, quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	474 singulae partes sunt propter suos actus; sicut oculus ad videndum.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	475 Secundo vero, quod pars ignobilior est propter nobiliorem; sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	476 sensus propter intellectum, et pulmo propter cor. Tertio vero,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	477 omnes partes sunt propter perfectionem totius, sicut et materia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	478 propter formam, partes enim sunt quasi materia totius. Ulterius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	479 autem, totus homo est propter aliquem finem extrinsecum, puta ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	480 fruatur Deo. Sic igitur et in partibus universi, unaquaeque
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	481 creatura est propter suum proprium actum et perfectionem. Secundo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	482 autem, creaturae ignobiliores sunt propter nobiliores sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	483 creaturae quae sunt infra hominem, sunt propter hominem. Ulterius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	484 autem, singulae creaturae sunt propter perfectionem totius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	485 universi. Ulterius autem, totum universum, cum singulis suis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	486 partibus, ordinatur in Deum sicut in finem, inquantum in eis per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	487 quandam imitationem divina bonitas repraesentatur ad gloriam Dei,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	488 quamvis creaturae rationales speciali quodam modo supra hoc habeant
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	489 finem Deum, quem attingere possunt sua operatione, cognoscendo et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	490 amando. Et sic patet quod divina bonitas est finis omnium
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	491 corporalium.</p><p title="I q. 65 a. 2 ad 1"><a name="31173"><span class="ref">[31173] Iª q. 65 a. 2 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	492 dicendum quod in hoc ipso quod creatura aliqua habet esse,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	493 repraesentat divinum esse et bonitatem eius. Et ideo per hoc quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	494 Deus creavit omnia ut essent, non excluditur quin creaverit omnia
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	495 propter suam bonitatem.</p><p title="I q. 65 a. 2 ad 2"><a name="31174"><span class="ref">[31174] Iª q. 65 a. 2 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	496 dicendum quod finis proximus non excludit finem ultimum. Unde per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	497 hoc quod creatura corporalis facta est quodammodo propter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	498 spiritualem, non removetur quin sit facta propter Dei
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	499 bonitatem.</p><p title="I q. 65 a. 2 ad 3"><a name="31175"><span class="ref">[31175] Iª q. 65 a. 2 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	500 dicendum quod aequalitas iustitiae locum habet in retribuendo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	501 iustum enim est quod aequalibus aequalia retribuantur. Non autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	502 habet locum in prima rerum institutione. Sicut enim artifex eiusdem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	503 generis lapides in diversis partibus aedificii ponit absque
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	504 iniustitia, non propter aliquam diversitatem in lapidibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	505 praecedentem, sed attendens ad perfectionem totius aedificii, quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	506 non esset nisi lapides diversimode in aedificio collocarentur; sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	507 et Deus a principio, ut esset perfectio in universo, diversas et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	508 inaequales creaturas instituit, secundum suam sapientiam, absque
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	509 iniustitia, nulla tamen praesupposita meritorum diversitate.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 3</h3><p title="I q. 65 a. 3 arg. 1"><a name="31176"><span class="ref">[31176] Iª q. 65 a. 3 arg. 1</span></a> Ad tertium sic
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	510 proceditur. Videtur quod creatura corporalis sit producta a Deo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	511 mediantibus Angelis. Sicut enim res gubernantur per divinam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	512 sapientiam, ita omnia sunt per Dei sapientiam facta; secundum illud
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	513 Psalmi CIII, <i>omnia in sapientia fecisti</i>. Sed ordinare est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	514 sapientis, ut dicitur in principio Metaphys. Unde in gubernatione
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	515 rerum, inferiora per superiora reguntur quodam ordine, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	516 Augustinus dicit, III de Trin. Ergo et in rerum productione talis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	517 ordo fuit, quod creatura corporalis, tanquam inferior, per
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	518 spiritualem, tanquam superiorem, est producta.</p><p title="I q. 65 a. 3 arg. 2"><a name="31177"><span class="ref">[31177] Iª q. 65 a. 3 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	519 diversitas effectuum demonstrat diversitatem causarum, quia idem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	520 semper facit idem. Si ergo omnes creaturae, tam spirituales quam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	521 corporales, sunt immediate a Deo productae, nulla esset inter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	522 creaturas diversitas, nec una magis distaret a Deo quam alia. Quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	523 patet esse falsum, cum propter longe distare a Deo dicat
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	524 philosophus quaedam corruptibilia esse.</p><p title="I q. 65 a. 3 arg. 3"><a name="31178"><span class="ref">[31178] Iª q. 65 a. 3 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea, ad
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	525 producendum effectum finitum, non requiritur virtus infinita. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	526 omne corpus finitum est. Ergo per finitam virtutem spiritualis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	527 creaturae produci potuit; et productum fuit, quia in talibus non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	528 differt esse et posse; praesertim quia nulla dignitas competens
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	529 alicui secundum suam naturam, ei denegatur, nisi forte ob
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	530 culpam.</p><p title="I q. 65 a. 3 s. c."><a name="31179"><span class="ref">[31179] Iª q. 65 a. 3 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	531 quod dicitur Gen. I, <i>in principio creavit Deus caelum et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	532 terram</i>, per quae creatura corporalis intelligitur. Ergo
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	533 creatura corporalis est immediate a Deo producta.</p><p title="I q. 65 a. 3 co."><a name="31180"><span class="ref">[31180] Iª q. 65 a. 3 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	534 quod quidam posuerunt gradatim res a Deo processisse, ita scilicet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	535 quod ab eo immediate processit prima creatura, et illa produxit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	536 aliam; et sic inde usque ad creaturam corpoream. Sed haec positio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	537 est impossibilis. Quia prima corporalis creaturae productio est per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	538 creationem per quam etiam ipsa materia producitur, imperfectum enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	539 est prius quam perfectum in fieri impossibile est autem aliquid
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	540 creari nisi a solo Deo. Ad cuius evidentiam, considerandum est quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	541 quanto aliqua causa est superior, tanto ad plura se extendit in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	542 causando. Semper autem id quod substernitur in rebus, invenitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	543 communius quam id quod informat et restringit ipsum, sicut esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	544 quam vivere, et vivere quam intelligere, et materia quam forma.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	545 Quanto ergo aliquid est magis substratum, tanto a superiori causa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	546 directe procedit. Id ergo quod est primo substratum in omnibus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	547 proprie pertinet ad causalitatem supremae causae. Nulla igitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	548 secunda causa potest aliquid producere, non praesupposito in re
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	549 producta aliquo quod causatur a superiori causa. Creatio autem est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	550 productio alicuius rei secundum suam totam substantiam, nullo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	551 praesupposito quod sit vel increatum vel ab aliquo creatum. Unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	552 relinquitur quod nihil potest aliquid creare nisi solus Deus, qui
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	553 est prima causa. Et ideo ut Moyses ostenderet corpora omnia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	554 immediate a Deo creata, dixit, <i>in principio creavit Deus caelum
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	555 et terram</i>.</p><p title="I q. 65 a. 3 ad 1"><a name="31181"><span class="ref">[31181] Iª q. 65 a. 3 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	556 dicendum quod in productione rerum est aliquis ordo, non quidem ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	557 una creatura creetur ab alia (hoc enim impossibile est); sed ita
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	558 quod ex divina sapientia diversi gradus in creaturis,
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	559 constituuntur.</p><p title="I q. 65 a. 3 ad 2"><a name="31182"><span class="ref">[31182] Iª q. 65 a. 3 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	560 dicendum quod ipse Deus unus, absque suae simplicitatis detrimento,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	561 diversorum cognoscitivus est, ut supra ostensum est. Et ideo etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	562 est, secundum diversa cognita, diversorum productorum causa per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	563 suam sapientiam, sicut et artifex, apprehendendo diversas formas,
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	564 producit diversa artificiata.</p><p title="I q. 65 a. 3 ad 3"><a name="31183"><span class="ref">[31183] Iª q. 65 a. 3 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	565 dicendum quod quantitas virtutis agentis non solum mensuratur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	566 secundum rem factam, sed etiam secundum modum faciendi, quia unum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	567 et idem aliter fit et a maiori, et a minori virtute. Producere
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	568 autem aliquid finitum hoc modo ut nihil praesupponatur, est
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	569 virtutis infinitae. Unde nulli creaturae competere potest.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 4</h3><p title="I q. 65 a. 4 arg. 1"><a name="31184"><span class="ref">[31184] Iª q. 65 a. 4 arg. 1</span></a> Ad quartum sic
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	570 proceditur. Videtur quod formae corporum sint ab Angelis. Dicit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	571 enim Boetius, in libro de Trin., quod <i>a formis quae sunt sine
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	572 materia, veniunt formae quae sunt in materia</i>. Formae autem quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	573 sunt sine materia, sunt substantiae spirituales, formae autem quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	574 sunt in materia, sunt formae corporum. Ergo formae corporum sunt a
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	575 spiritualibus substantiis.</p><p title="I q. 65 a. 4 arg. 2"><a name="31185"><span class="ref">[31185] Iª q. 65 a. 4 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea, omne
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	576 quod est per participationem, reducitur ad id quod est per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	577 essentiam. Sed spirituales substantiae per suam essentiam sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	578 formae, creaturae autem corporales participant formas. Ergo formae
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	579 corporalium rerum sunt a spiritualibus substantiis derivatae.</p><p title="I q. 65 a. 4 arg. 3"><a name="31186"><span class="ref">[31186] Iª q. 65 a. 4 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	580 spirituales substantiae magis habent virtutem causandi quam corpora
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	581 caelestia. Sed corpora caelestia causant formas in istis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	582 inferioribus, unde dicuntur esse generationis et corruptionis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	583 causa. Ergo multo magis a spiritualibus substantiis formae quae
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	584 sunt in materia, derivantur.</p><p title="I q. 65 a. 4 s. c."><a name="31187"><span class="ref">[31187] Iª q. 65 a. 4 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	585 quod Augustinus dicit, III de Trin., quod <i>non est putandum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	586 Angelis ad nutum servire hanc corporalem materiam, sed potius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	587 Deo</i>. Illi autem ad nutum dicitur servire corporalis materia, a
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	588 quo speciem recipit. Non ergo formae corporales sunt ab Angelis,
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	589 sed a Deo.</p><p title="I q. 65 a. 4 co."><a name="31188"><span class="ref">[31188] Iª q. 65 a. 4 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	590 quod opinio fuit quorundam quod omnes formae corporales deriventur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	591 a substantiis spiritualibus quas Angelos dicimus. Et hoc quidem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	592 dupliciter aliqui posuerunt. Plato enim posuit formas quae sunt in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	593 materia corporali, derivari et formari a formis sine materia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	594 subsistentibus, per modum participationis cuiusdam. Ponebat enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	595 hominem quendam immaterialiter subsistentem, et similiter equum, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	596 sic de aliis, ex quibus constituuntur haec singularia sensibilia,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	597 secundum quod in materia corporali remanet quaedam impressio ab
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	598 illis formis separatis, per modum assimilationis cuiusdam, quam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	599 participationem vocabat. Et secundum ordinem formarum ponebant
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	600 Platonici ordinem substantiarum separatarum, puta quod una
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	601 substantia separata est quae est equus, quae est causa omnium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	602 equorum; supra quam est quaedam vita separata, quam dicebant per se
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	603 vitam et causam omnis vitae; et ulterius quandam quam nominabant
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	604 ipsum esse, et causam omnis esse. Avicenna vero et quidam alii non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	605 posuerunt formas rerum corporalium in materia per se subsistere,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	606 sed solum in intellectu. A formis ergo in intellectu creaturarum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	607 spiritualium existentibus (quas quidem ipsi intelligentias, nos
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	608 autem Angelos dicimus), dicebant procedere omnes formas quae sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	609 in materia corporali, sicut a formis quae sunt in mente artificis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	610 procedunt formae artificiatorum. Et in idem videtur redire quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	611 quidam moderni haeretici ponunt, dicentes quidem Deum creatorem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	612 omnium, sed materiam corporalem a Diabolo formatam et per varias
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	613 species distinctam. Omnes autem hae opiniones ex una radice
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	614 processisse videntur. Quaerebant enim causam formarum, ac si ipsae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	615 formae fierent secundum seipsas. Sed sicut probat Aristoteles in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	616 VII Metaphys., id quod proprie fit, est compositum, formae autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	617 corruptibilium rerum habent ut aliquando sint, aliquando non sint,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	618 absque hoc quod ipsae generentur aut corrumpantur, sed compositis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	619 generatis aut corruptis, quia etiam formae non habent esse, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	620 composita habent esse per eas, sic enim alicui competit fieri,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	621 sicut et esse. Et ideo, cum simile fiat a suo simili, non est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	622 quaerenda causa formarum corporalium aliqua forma immaterialis; sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	623 aliquod compositum, secundum quod hic ignis generatur ab hoc igne.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	624 Sic igitur formae corporales causantur, non quasi influxae ab
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	625 aliqua immateriali forma, sed quasi materia reducta de potentia in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	626 actum ab aliquo agente composito. Sed quia agens compositum, quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	627 est corpus, movetur a substantia spirituali creata, ut Augustinus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	628 dicit III de Trin.; sequitur ulterius quod etiam formae corporales
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	629 a substantiis spiritualibus deriventur, non tanquam influentibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	630 formas, sed tanquam moventibus ad formas. Ulterius autem reducuntur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	631 in Deum, sicut in primam causam, etiam species angelici
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	632 intellectus, quae sunt quaedam seminales rationes corporalium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	633 formarum. In prima autem corporalis creaturae productione non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	634 consideratur aliqua transmutatio de potentia in actum. Et ideo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	635 formae corporales quas in prima productione corpora habuerunt, sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	636 immediate a Deo productae, cui soli ad nutum obedit materia,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	637 tanquam propriae causae. Unde ad hoc significandum, Moyses singulis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	638 operibus praemittit, dixit Deus fiat hoc vel illud; in quo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	639 significatur formatio rerum per verbum Dei facta, a quo, secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	640 Augustinum, <i>est omnis forma et compago et concordia
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	641 partium</i>.</p><p title="I q. 65 a. 4 ad 1"><a name="31189"><span class="ref">[31189] Iª q. 65 a. 4 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	642 dicendum quod Boetius intelligit per formas quae sunt sine materia,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	643 rationes rerum quae sunt in mente divina, sicut etiam apostolus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	644 dicit, Heb. XI, <i>fide credimus aptata esse saecula verbo Dei, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	645 ex invisibilibus visibilia fierent</i>. Si tamen per formas quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	646 sunt sine materia, intelligit Angelos, dicendum est quod ab eis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	647 veniunt formae quae sunt in materia, non per influxum, sed per
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	648 motum.</p><p title="I q. 65 a. 4 ad 2"><a name="31190"><span class="ref">[31190] Iª q. 65 a. 4 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	649 dicendum quod formae participatae in materia reducuntur, non ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	650 formas aliquas per se subsistentes rationis eiusdem, ut Platonici
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	651 posuerunt; sed ad formas intelligibiles vel intellectus angelici, a
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	652 quibus per motum procedunt; vel ulterius ad rationes intellectus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	653 divini, a quibus etiam formarum semina sunt rebus creatis indita,
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	654 ut per motum in actum educi possint.</p><p title="I q. 65 a. 4 ad 3"><a name="31191"><span class="ref">[31191] Iª q. 65 a. 4 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	655 dicendum quod corpora caelestia causant formas in istis
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	656 inferioribus, non influendo, sed movendo.</p></div></div><div class="q" id="q66"><h2>Quaestio 66</h2><div class="p"><h3>Prooemium</h3><p title="I q. 66 pr."><a name="31192"><span class="ref">[31192]
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	657 Iª q. 66 pr.</span></a> Deinde considerandum est de opere
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	658 distinctionis. Et primo considerandum est de ordine creationis ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	659 distinctionem; secundo, de ipsa distinctione secundum se. Circa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	660 primum quaeruntur quatuor. Primo, utrum informitas materiae creatae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	661 praecesserit tempore distinctionem ipsius. Secundo, utrum sit una
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	662 materia omnium corporalium. Tertio, utrum caelum Empyreum sit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	663 concreatum materiae informi. Quarto, utrum tempus sit eidem
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	664 concreatum.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 1</h3><p title="I q. 66 a. 1 arg. 1"><a name="31193"><span class="ref">[31193] Iª q. 66 a. 1 arg. 1</span></a> Ad primum sic
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	665 proceditur. Videtur quod informitas materiae tempore praecesserit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	666 formationem ipsius. Dicitur enim Gen. 1, <i>terra erat inanis et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	667 vacua</i>, sive invisibilis et incomposita, secundum aliam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	668 litteram; per quod designatur informitas materiae, ut Augustinus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	669 dicit. Ergo materia fuit aliquando informis, antequam
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	670 formaretur.</p><p title="I q. 66 a. 1 arg. 2"><a name="31194"><span class="ref">[31194] Iª q. 66 a. 1 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	671 natura in sua operatione Dei operationem imitatur; sicut causa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	672 secunda imitatur causam primam. Sed in operatione naturae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	673 informitas tempore praecedit formationem. Ergo et in operatione
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	674 Dei.</p><p title="I q. 66 a. 1 arg. 3"><a name="31195"><span class="ref">[31195] Iª q. 66 a. 1 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	675 materia potior est accidente, quia materia est pars substantiae.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	676 Sed Deus potest facere quod accidens sit sine subiecto; ut patet in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	677 sacramento altaris. Ergo potuit facere quod materia esset sine
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	678 forma.</p><p title="I q. 66 a. 1 s. c. 1"><a name="31196"><span class="ref">[31196] Iª q. 66 a. 1 s. c. 1</span></a> Sed contra,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	679 imperfectio effectus attestatur imperfectioni agentis. Sed Deus est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	680 agens perfectissimum, unde de eo dicitur, Deut. XXXII, <i>Dei
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	681 perfecta sunt opera</i>. Ergo opus ab eo creatum nunquam fuit
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	682 informe.</p><p title="I q. 66 a. 1 s. c. 2"><a name="31197"><span class="ref">[31197] Iª q. 66 a. 1 s. c. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	683 creaturae corporalis formatio facta fuit per opus distinctionis.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	684 Distinctioni autem opponitur confusio, sicut et formationi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	685 informitas. Si ergo informitas praecessit tempore formationem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	686 materiae, sequitur a principio fuisse confusionem corporalis
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	687 creaturae, quam antiqui vocaverunt chaos.</p><p title="I q. 66 a. 1 co."><a name="31198"><span class="ref">[31198] Iª q. 66 a. 1 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	688 quod circa hoc sunt diversae opiniones sanctorum. Augustinus enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	689 vult quod informitas materiae corporalis non praecesserit tempore
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	690 formationem ipsius, sed solum origine vel ordine naturae. Alii
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	691 vero, ut Basilius, Ambrosius et Chrysostomus, volunt quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	692 informitas materiae tempore praecesserit formationem. Et quamvis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	693 hae opiniones videantur esse contrariae, tamen parum ab invicem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	694 differunt, aliter enim accipit informitatem materiae Augustinus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	695 quam alii. Augustinus enim accipit informitatem materiae pro
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	696 carentia omnis formae. Et sic impossibile est dicere quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	697 informitas materiae tempore praecesserit vel formationem ipsius,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	698 vel distinctionem. Et de formatione quidem manifestum est. Si enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	699 materia informis praecessit duratione, haec erat iam in actu, hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	700 enim duratio importat, creationis enim terminus est ens actu. Ipsum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	701 autem quod est actus, est forma. Dicere igitur materiam praecedere
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	702 sine forma, est dicere ens actu sine actu, quod implicat
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	703 contradictionem. Nec etiam potest dici quod habuit aliquam formam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	704 communem et postmodum supervenerunt ei formae diversae, quibus sit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	705 distincta. Quia hoc esset idem cum opinione antiquorum naturalium,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	706 qui posuerunt materiam primam esse aliquod corpus in actu, puta
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	707 ignem, aerem aut aquam, aut aliquod medium. Ex quo sequebatur quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	708 fieri non esset nisi alterari. Quia cum illa forma praecedens daret
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	709 esse in actu in genere substantiae, et faceret esse hoc aliquid;
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	710 sequebatur quod superveniens forma non faceret simpliciter ens
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	711 actu, sed ens actu hoc, quod est proprium formae accidentalis; et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	712 sic sequentes formae essent accidentia, secundum quae non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	713 attenditur generatio, sed alteratio. Unde oportet dicere quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	714 materia prima neque fuit creata omnino sine forma, neque sub forma
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	715 una communi, sed sub formis distinctis. Et ita, si informitas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	716 materiae referatur ad conditionem primae materiae, quae secundum se
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	717 non habet aliquam formam, informitas materiae non praecessit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	718 formationem seu distinctionem ipsius tempore, ut Augustinus dicit,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	719 sed origine seu natura tantum, eo modo quo potentia est prior actu,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	720 et pars toto. Alii vero sancti accipiunt informitatem, non secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	721 quod excludit omnem formam, sed secundum quod excludit istam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	722 formositatem et decorem qui nunc apparet in corporea creatura. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	723 secundum hoc dicunt quod informitas materiae corporalis duratione
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	724 praecessit formationem eiusdem. Et sic secundum hoc, quantum ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	725 aliquid cum eis Augustinus concordat, et quantum aliquid discordat,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	726 ut infra patebit. Et quantum ex littera Genesis I, accipi potest,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	727 triplex formositas deerat, propter quod dicebatur creatura
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	728 corporalis informis. Deerat enim a toto corpore diaphano, quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	729 dicitur caelum, pulchritudo lucis, unde dicitur quod tenebrae erant
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	730 super faciem abyssi. Deerat autem terrae duplex pulchritudo. Una,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	731 quam habet ex hoc quod est aquis discooperta, et quantum ad hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	732 dicitur quod terra erat inanis, sive invisibilis, quia corporali
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	733 aspectui patere non poterat, propter aquas undique eam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	734 cooperientes. Alia vero, quam habet ex hoc quod est ornata herbis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	735 et plantis, et ideo dicitur quod erat vacua, vel incomposita, idest
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	736 non ornata, secundum aliam litteram. Et sic, cum praemisisset duas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	737 naturas creatas, scilicet caelum et terram, informitatem caeli
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	738 expressit per hoc quod dixit, tenebrae erant super faciem abyssi,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	739 secundum quod sub caelo etiam aer includitur, informitatem vero
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	740 terrae, per hoc quod dixit, terra erat inanis et vacua.</p><p title="I q. 66 a. 1 ad 1"><a name="31199"><span class="ref">[31199] Iª q. 66 a. 1 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	741 dicendum quod terra aliter accipitur in loco isto ab Augustino, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	742 ab aliis sanctis. Augustinus enim vult quod nomine terrae et aquae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	743 significetur in hoc loco ipsa materia prima. Non enim poterat
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	744 Moyses rudi populo primam materiam exprimere, nisi sub similitudine
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	745 rerum eis notarum. Unde et sub multiplici similitudine eam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	746 exprimit, non vocans eam tantum aquam vel tantum terram, ne
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	747 videatur secundum rei veritatem materia prima esse vel terra vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	748 aqua. Habet tamen similitudinem cum terra, inquantum subsidet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	749 formis; et cum aqua, inquantum est apta formari diversis formis.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	750 Secundum hoc ergo, dicitur terra inanis et vacua, vel invisibilis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	751 et incomposita, quia materia per formam cognoscitur (unde in se
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	752 considerata dicitur invisibilis vel inanis), et eius potentia per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	753 formam repletur (unde et Plato materiam dicit esse locum). Alii
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	754 vero sancti per terram intelligunt ipsum elementum, quae qualiter,
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	755 secundum eos, erat informis, dictum est.</p><p title="I q. 66 a. 1 ad 2"><a name="31200"><span class="ref">[31200] Iª q. 66 a. 1 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	756 dicendum quod natura producit effectum in actu de ente in potentia,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	757 et ideo oportet ut in eius operatione potentia tempore praecedat
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	758 actum, et informitas formationem. Sed Deus producit ens actu ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	759 nihilo, et ideo statim potest producere rem perfectam, secundum
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	760 magnitudinem suae virtutis.</p><p title="I q. 66 a. 1 ad 3"><a name="31201"><span class="ref">[31201] Iª q. 66 a. 1 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	761 dicendum quod accidens, cum sit forma, est actus quidam, materia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	762 autem secundum id quod est, est ens in potentia. Unde magis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	763 repugnat esse in actu materiae sine forma, quam accidenti sine
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	764 subiecto.</p><p title="I q. 66 a. 1 ad 4"><a name="31202"><span class="ref">[31202] Iª q. 66 a. 1 ad 4</span></a> Ad primum vero
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	765 quod obiicitur in contrarium, dicendum est quod si, secundum alios
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	766 sanctos, informitas tempore praecessit formationem materiae, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	767 fuit hoc ex impotentia Dei; sed ex eius sapientia, ut ordo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	768 servaretur in rerum conditione, dum ex imperfecto ad perfectum
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	769 adducerentur.</p><p title="I q. 66 a. 1 ad 5"><a name="31203"><span class="ref">[31203] Iª q. 66 a. 1 ad 5</span></a> Ad secundum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	770 dicendum quod quidam antiquorum naturalium posuerunt confusionem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	771 excludentem omnem distinctionem; praeter hoc quod Anaxagoras posuit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	772 solum intellectum distinctum et immixtum. Sed ante opus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	773 distinctionis Scriptura sacra ponit multiplicem distinctionem.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	774 Primo quidem, caeli et terrae (in quo ostenditur distinctio etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	775 secundum materiam, ut infra patebit), et hoc cum dicit, <i>in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	776 principio Deus creavit caelum et terram</i>. Secundo, distinctionem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	777 elementorum quantum ad formas suas, per hoc quod nominat terram et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	778 aquam. Aerem autem et ignem non nominat, quia non est ita
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	779 manifestum rudibus, quibus Moyses loquebatur, huiusmodi esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	780 corpora, sicut manifestum est de terra et aqua. Quamvis Plato aerem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	781 intellexerit significari per hoc quod dicitur spiritus domini (quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	782 etiam aer spiritus dicitur), ignem vero intellexerit significari
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	783 per caelum (quod igneae naturae esse dixit), ut Augustinus refert
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	784 in VIII libro de Civ. Dei. Sed Rabbi Moyses, in aliis cum Platone
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	785 concordans, dicit ignem significari per tenebras, quia, ut dicit,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	786 in propria sphaera ignis non lucet. Sed magis videtur esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	787 conveniens quod prius dictum est, quia spiritus domini in Scriptura
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	788 non nisi pro spiritu sancto consuevit poni. Qui aquis superferri
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	789 dicitur, non corporaliter, sed sicut voluntas artificis superfertur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	790 materiae quam vult formare. Tertia distinctio significatur secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	791 situm. Quia terra erat sub aquis, quibus invisibilis reddebatur,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	792 aer vero, qui est subiectum tenebrarum, significatur fuisse super
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	793 aquas, per hoc quod dicitur, tenebrae erant super faciem abyssi.
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	794 Quid autem distinguendum remaneret, ex sequentibus apparebit.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 2</h3><p title="I q. 66 a. 2 arg. 1"><a name="31204"><span class="ref">[31204] Iª q. 66 a. 2 arg. 1</span></a> Ad secundum sic
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	795 proceditur. Videtur quod una sit materia informis omnium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	796 corporalium. Dicit enim Augustinus, XII Confess., <i>duo reperio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	797 quae fecisti, unum quod erat formatum, alterum quod erat
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	798 informe</i>; et hoc dicit esse terram invisibilem et incompositam,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	799 per quam dicit significari materiam rerum corporalium. Ergo una est
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	800 materia omnium corporalium.</p><p title="I q. 66 a. 2 arg. 2"><a name="31205"><span class="ref">[31205] Iª q. 66 a. 2 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	801 philosophus dicit, in V Metaphys., quod illa quae sunt unum in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	802 genere, sunt unum in materia. Sed omnia corporalia conveniunt in
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	803 genere corporis. Ergo omnium corporalium est una materia.</p><p title="I q. 66 a. 2 arg. 3"><a name="31206"><span class="ref">[31206] Iª q. 66 a. 2 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	804 diversus actus fit in diversa potentia, et unus in una. Sed omnium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	805 corporum est una forma, scilicet corporeitas. Ergo omnium
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	806 corporalium est materia una.</p><p title="I q. 66 a. 2 arg. 4"><a name="31207"><span class="ref">[31207] Iª q. 66 a. 2 arg. 4</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	807 materia in se considerata, est solum in potentia. Sed distinctio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	808 est per formas. Ergo materia in se considerata, est una tantum
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	809 omnium corporalium.</p><p title="I q. 66 a. 2 s. c."><a name="31208"><span class="ref">[31208] Iª q. 66 a. 2 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	810 quaecumque conveniunt in materia, sunt transmutabilia ad invicem,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	811 et agunt et patiuntur ab invicem, ut dicitur in I de Gen. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	812 corpora caelestia et inferiora non sic se habent ad invicem. Ergo
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	813 eorum materia non est una.</p><p title="I q. 66 a. 2 co."><a name="31209"><span class="ref">[31209] Iª q. 66 a. 2 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	814 quod circa hoc fuerunt diversae opiniones philosophorum. Plato
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	815 enim, et omnes philosophi ante Aristotelem, posuerunt omnia corpora
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	816 esse de natura quatuor elementorum. Unde cum quatuor elementa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	817 communicent in una materia, ut mutua generatio et corruptio in eis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	818 ostendit; per consequens sequebatur quod omnium corporum sit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	819 materia una. Quod autem quaedam corpora sint incorruptibilia, Plato
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	820 adscribebat non conditioni materiae, sed voluntati artificis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	821 scilicet Dei, quem introducit corporibus caelestibus dicentem,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	822 <i>natura vestra estis dissolubilia, voluntate autem mea
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	823 indissolubilia, quia voluntas mea maior est nexu vestro</i>. Hanc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	824 autem positionem Aristoteles reprobat, per motus naturales
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	825 corporum. Cum enim corpus caeleste habeat naturalem motum diversum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	826 a naturali motu elementorum, sequitur quod eius natura sit alia a
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	827 natura quatuor elementorum. Et sicut motus circularis, qui est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	828 proprius corporis caelestis, caret contrarietate, motus autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	829 elementorum sunt invicem contrarii, ut qui est sursum ei qui est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	830 deorsum, ita corpus caeleste est absque contrarietate, corpora vero
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	831 elementaria sunt cum contrarietate. Et quia corruptio et generatio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	832 sunt ex contrariis, sequitur quod secundum suam naturam corpus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	833 caeleste sit incorruptibile, elementa vero sunt corruptibilia. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	834 non obstante hac differentia corruptibilitatis et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	835 incorruptibilitatis naturalis, Avicebron posuit unam materiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	836 omnium corporum, attendens ad unitatem formae corporalis. Sed si
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	837 forma corporeitatis esset una forma per se, cui supervenirent aliae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	838 formae, quibus corpora distinguuntur, haberet necessitatem quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	839 dicitur. Quia illa forma immutabiliter materiae inhaereret, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	840 quantum ad illam esset omne corpus incorruptibile, sed corruptio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	841 accideret per remotionem sequentium formarum, quae non esset
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	842 corruptio simpliciter, sed secundum quid, quia privationi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	843 substerneretur aliquod ens actu. Sicut etiam accidebat antiquis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	844 naturalibus, qui ponebant subiectum corporum aliquod ens actu, puta
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	845 ignem aut aerem aut aliquid huiusmodi. Supposito autem quod nulla
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	846 forma quae sit in corpore corruptibili remaneat ut substrata
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	847 generationi et corruptioni, sequitur de necessitate quod non sit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	848 eadem materia corporum corruptibilium et incorruptibilium. Materia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	849 enim, secundum id quod est, est in potentia ad formam. Oportet ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	850 quod materia, secundum se considerata, sit in potentia ad formam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	851 omnium illorum quorum est materia communis. Per unam autem formam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	852 non fit in actu nisi quantum ad illam formam. Remanet ergo in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	853 potentia quantum ad omnes alias formas. Nec hoc excluditur, si una
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	854 illarum formarum sit perfectior et continens in se virtute alias.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	855 Quia potentia, quantum est de se, indifferenter se habet ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	856 perfectum et imperfectum, unde sicut quando est sub forma
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	857 imperfecta, est in potentia ad formam perfectam, ita e converso.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	858 Sic ergo materia, secundum quod est sub forma incorruptibilis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	859 corporis, erit adhuc in potentia ad formam corruptibilis corporis.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	860 Et cum non habeat eam in actu, erit simul sub forma et privatione,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	861 quia carentia formae in eo quod est in potentia ad formam, est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	862 privatio. Haec autem dispositio est corruptibilis corporis.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	863 Impossibile ergo est quod corporis corruptibilis et incorruptibilis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	864 per naturam, sit una materia. Nec tamen dicendum est, ut Averroes
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	865 fingit, quod ipsum corpus caeleste sit materia caeli, ens in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	866 potentia ad ubi et non ad esse; et forma eius est substantia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	867 separata quae unitur ei ut motor. Quia impossibile est ponere
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	868 aliquod ens actu, quin vel ipsum totum sit actus et forma, vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	869 habeat actum seu formam. Remota ergo per intellectum substantia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	870 separata quae ponitur motor, si corpus caeleste non est habens
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	871 formam, quod est componi ex forma et subiecto formae, sequitur quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	872 sit totum forma et actus. Omne autem tale est intellectum in actu;
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	873 quod de corpore caelesti dici non potest, cum sit sensibile.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	874 Relinquitur ergo quod materia corporis caelestis, secundum se
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	875 considerata, non est in potentia nisi ad formam quam habet. Nec
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	876 refert ad propositum quaecumque sit illa, sive anima, sive aliquid
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	877 aliud. Unde illa forma sic perficit illam materiam, quod nullo modo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	878 in ea remanet potentia ad esse, sed ad ubi tantum, ut Aristoteles
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	879 dicit. Et sic non est eadem materia corporis caelestis et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	880 elementorum, nisi secundum analogiam, secundum quod conveniunt in
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	881 ratione potentiae.</p><p title="I q. 66 a. 2 ad 1"><a name="31210"><span class="ref">[31210] Iª q. 66 a. 2 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	882 dicendum quod Augustinus sequitur in hoc opinionem Platonis, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	883 ponentis quintam essentiam. Vel dicendum quod materia informis est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	884 una unitate ordinis, sicut omnia corpora sunt unum in ordine
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	885 creaturae corporeae.</p><p title="I q. 66 a. 2 ad 2"><a name="31211"><span class="ref">[31211] Iª q. 66 a. 2 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	886 dicendum quod si genus consideretur physice, corruptibilia et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	887 incorruptibilia non sunt in eodem genere, propter diversum modum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	888 potentiae in eis, ut dicitur X Metaphys. Secundum autem logicam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	889 considerationem, est unum genus omnium corporum, propter unam
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	890 rationem corporeitatis.</p><p title="I q. 66 a. 2 ad 3"><a name="31212"><span class="ref">[31212] Iª q. 66 a. 2 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	891 dicendum quod forma corporeitatis non est una in omnibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	892 corporibus, cum non sit alia a formis quibus corpora distinguuntur,
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	893 ut dictum est.</p><p title="I q. 66 a. 2 ad 4"><a name="31213"><span class="ref">[31213] Iª q. 66 a. 2 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	894 dicendum quod, cum potentia dicatur ad actum, ens in potentia est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	895 diversum ex hoc ipso quod ordinatur ad diversum actum; sicut visus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	896 ad colorem, et auditus ad sonum. Unde ex hoc ipso materia caelestis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	897 corporis est alia a materia elementi, quia non est in potentia ad
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	898 formam elementi.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 3</h3><p title="I q. 66 a. 3 arg. 1"><a name="31214"><span class="ref">[31214] Iª q. 66 a. 3 arg. 1</span></a> Ad tertium sic
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	899 proceditur. Videtur quod caelum Empyreum non sit concreatum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	900 materiae informi. Caelum enim Empyreum, si est aliquid, oportet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	901 quod sit corpus sensibile. Omne autem corpus sensibile est mobile.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	902 Caelum autem Empyreum non est mobile, quia motus eius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	903 deprehenderetur per motum alicuius corporis apparentis; quod minime
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	904 apparet. Non ergo caelum Empyreum est aliquid materiae informi
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	905 concreatum.</p><p title="I q. 66 a. 3 arg. 2"><a name="31215"><span class="ref">[31215] Iª q. 66 a. 3 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	906 Augustinus dicit, in III de Trin., quod <i>inferiora corpora per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	907 superiora quodam ordine reguntur</i>. Si ergo caelum Empyreum est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	908 quoddam supremum corpus, oportet quod habeat aliquam influentiam in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	909 haec inferiora corpora. Sed hoc non videtur, praesertim si ponatur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	910 immobile, cum nullum corpus moveat nisi motum. Non est ergo caelum
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	911 Empyreum materiae informi concreatum.</p><p title="I q. 66 a. 3 arg. 3"><a name="31216"><span class="ref">[31216] Iª q. 66 a. 3 arg. 3</span></a> Si dicatur quod
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	912 caelum Empyreum est locus contemplationis, non ordinatum ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	913 naturales effectus, contra, Augustinus dicit, in IV de Trin., quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	914 <i>nos, secundum quod mente aliquid aeternum capimus, non in hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	915 mundo sumus</i>; ex quo patet quod contemplatio mentem supra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	916 corporalia elevat. Non ergo contemplationi locus corporeus
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	917 deputatur.</p><p title="I q. 66 a. 3 arg. 4"><a name="31217"><span class="ref">[31217] Iª q. 66 a. 3 arg. 4</span></a> Praeterea, inter
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	918 corpora caelestia invenitur aliquod corpus partim diaphanum et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	919 partim lucidum, scilicet caelum sidereum. Invenitur etiam aliquod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	920 caelum totum diaphanum, quod aliqui nominant caelum aqueum vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	921 crystallinum. Si ergo est aliud superius caelum, oportet quod sit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	922 totum lucidum. Sed hoc esse non potest, quia sic continue aer
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	923 illuminaretur, nec unquam nox esset. Non ergo caelum Empyreum
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	924 materiae informi est concreatum.</p><p title="I q. 66 a. 3 s. c."><a name="31218"><span class="ref">[31218] Iª q. 66 a. 3 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	925 quod Strabus dicit, quod cum dicitur, <i>in principio creavit Deus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	926 caelum et terram, caelum dicit non visibile firmamentum, sed
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	927 Empyreum, idest igneum</i>.</p><p title="I q. 66 a. 3 co."><a name="31219"><span class="ref">[31219] Iª q. 66 a. 3 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	928 quod caelum Empyreum non invenitur positum nisi per auctoritates
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	929 Strabi et Bedae, et iterum per auctoritatem Basilii. In cuius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	930 positione quantum ad aliquid conveniunt, scilicet quantum ad hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	931 quod sit locus beatorum. Dicit enim Strabus, et etiam Beda, quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	932 statim factum Angelis est repletum. Basilius etiam dicit, in II
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	933 Hexaem., <i>sicut damnati in tenebras ultimas abiguntur ita
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	934 remuneratio pro dignis operibus restauratur in ea luce quae est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	935 extra mundum, ubi beati quietis domicilium sortientur</i>.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	936 Differunt tamen quantum ad rationem ponendi. Nam Strabus et Beda
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	937 ponunt caelum Empyreum ea ratione, quia firmamentum, per quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	938 caelum sidereum intelligunt, non in principio sed secunda die
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	939 dicitur factum. Basilius vero ea ratione ponit, ne videatur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	940 simpliciter Deus opus suum a tenebris inchoasse; quod Manichaei
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	941 calumniantur, Deum veteris testamenti Deum tenebrarum nominantes.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	942 Hae autem rationes non sunt multum cogentes. Nam quaestio de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	943 firmamento quod legitur factum in secunda die, aliter solvitur, ab
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	944 Augustino et ab aliis sanctis. Quaestio autem de tenebris solvitur,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	945 secundum Augustinum, per hoc quod informitas (quae per tenebras
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	946 significatur) non praecessit duratione formationem, sed origine.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	947 Secundum alios vero, cum tenebrae non sint creatura aliqua, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	948 privatio lucis, divinam sapientiam attestatur, ut ea quae produxit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	949 ex nihilo, primo in statu imperfectionis institueret, et postmodum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	950 ea perduceret ad perfectum. Potest autem convenientior ratio sumi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	951 ex ipsa conditione gloriae. Expectatur enim in futura remuneratione
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	952 duplex gloria, scilicet spiritualis, et corporalis, non solum in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	953 corporibus humanis glorificandis, sed etiam in toto mundo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	954 innovando. Inchoata est autem spiritualis gloria ab ipso mundi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	955 principio in beatitudine Angelorum, quorum aequalitas sanctis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	956 promittitur. Unde conveniens fuit ut etiam a principio corporalis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	957 gloria inchoaretur in aliquo corpore, quod etiam a principio fuerit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	958 absque servitute corruptionis et mutabilitatis, et totaliter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	959 lucidum; sicut tota creatura corporalis expectatur post
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	960 resurrectionem futura. Et ideo illud caelum dicitur Empyreum, idest
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	961 igneum, non ab ardore, sed a splendore. Sciendum est autem quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	962 Augustinus, X de Civ. Dei, dicit quod <i>Porphyrius discernebat a
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	963 Daemonibus Angelos, ut aerea loca esse Daemonum, aetherea vero vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	964 Empyrea diceret Angelorum</i>. Sed Porphyrius, tanquam Platonicus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	965 caelum istud sidereum igneum esse existimabat, et ideo Empyreum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	966 nominabat; vel aethereum, secundum quod nomen aetheris sumitur ab
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	967 inflammatione, et non secundum quod sumitur a velocitate motus, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	968 Aristoteles dicit. Quod pro tanto dictum sit, ne aliquis opinetur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	969 Augustinum caelum Empyreum posuisse sicut nunc ponitur a
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	970 modernis.</p><p title="I q. 66 a. 3 ad 1"><a name="31220"><span class="ref">[31220] Iª q. 66 a. 3 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	971 dicendum quod corpora sensibilia sunt mobilia secundum ipsum statum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	972 mundi, quia per motum creaturae corporalis procuratur electorum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	973 multiplicatio. Sed in ultima consummatione gloriae cessabit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	974 corporum motus. Et talem oportuit esse a principio dispositionem
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	975 caeli Empyrei.</p><p title="I q. 66 a. 3 ad 2"><a name="31221"><span class="ref">[31221] Iª q. 66 a. 3 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	976 dicendum quod satis probabile est quod caelum Empyreum, secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	977 quosdam, cum sit ordinatum ad statum gloriae, non habet influentiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	978 in inferiora corpora, quae sunt sub alio ordine, utpote ordinata ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	979 naturalem rerum decursum. Probabilius tamen videtur dicendum quod,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	980 sicut supremi Angeli, qui assistunt, habent influentiam super
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	981 medios et ultimos, qui mittuntur, quamvis ipsi non mittantur,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	982 secundum Dionysium; ita caelum Empyreum habet influentiam super
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	983 corpora quae moventur, licet ipsum non moveatur. Et propter hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	984 potest dici quod influit in primum caelum quod movetur, non aliquid
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	985 transiens et adveniens per motum, sed aliquid fixum et stabile;
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	986 puta virtutem continendi et causandi, vel aliquid huiusmodi ad
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	987 dignitatem pertinens.</p><p title="I q. 66 a. 3 ad 3"><a name="31222"><span class="ref">[31222] Iª q. 66 a. 3 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	988 dicendum quod locus corporeus deputatur contemplationi non propter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	989 necessitatem, sed propter congruitatem, ut exterior claritas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	990 interiori conveniat. Unde Basilius dicit quod <i>ministrator
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	991 spiritus non poterat degere in tenebris; sed in luce et laetitia
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	992 decentem sibi habitum possidebat</i>.</p><p title="I q. 66 a. 3 ad 4"><a name="31223"><span class="ref">[31223] Iª q. 66 a. 3 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	993 dicendum quod, sicut Basilius dicit in II Hexaem., <i>constat
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	994 factum esse caelum rotunditate conclusum, habens corpus spissum et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	995 adeo validum, ut possit ea quae extrinsecus habentur, ab
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	996 interioribus separare. Ob hoc necessario post se regionem relictam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	997 carentem luce constituit, utpote fulgore qui superradiabat
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	998 excluso</i>. Sed quia corpus firmamenti, etsi sit solidum, est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	999 tamen diaphanum, quod lumen non impedit (ut patet per hoc, quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1000 lumen stellarum videmus non obstantibus mediis caelis); potest
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1001 aliter dici quod habet lucem caelum Empyreum non condensatam, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1002 radios emittat, sicut corpus solis, sed magis subtilem. Vel habet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1003 claritatem gloriae, quae non est conformis cum claritate
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1004 naturali.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 4</h3><p title="I q. 66 a. 4 arg. 1"><a name="31224"><span class="ref">[31224] Iª q. 66 a. 4 arg. 1</span></a> Ad quartum sic
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1005 proceditur. Videtur quod tempus non sit concreatum materiae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1006 informi. Dicit enim Augustinus, XII Confess., ad Deum loquens,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1007 <i>duo reperio quae fecisti carentia temporibus</i>, scilicet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1008 materiam primam corporalem, et naturam angelicam. Non ergo tempus
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1009 est concreatum materiae informi.</p><p title="I q. 66 a. 4 arg. 2"><a name="31225"><span class="ref">[31225] Iª q. 66 a. 4 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1010 tempus dividitur per diem et noctem. Sed a principio nec nox nec
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1011 dies erat, sed postmodum, cum divisit Deus lucem a tenebris. Ergo a
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1012 principio non erat tempus.</p><p title="I q. 66 a. 4 arg. 3"><a name="31226"><span class="ref">[31226] Iª q. 66 a. 4 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1013 tempus est numerus motus firmamenti, quod legitur factum secundo
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1014 die. Ergo non a principio erat tempus.</p><p title="I q. 66 a. 4 arg. 4"><a name="31227"><span class="ref">[31227] Iª q. 66 a. 4 arg. 4</span></a> Praeterea, motus
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1015 est prior tempore. Magis igitur deberet numerari inter primo creata
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1016 motus, quam tempus.</p><p title="I q. 66 a. 4 arg. 5"><a name="31228"><span class="ref">[31228] Iª q. 66 a. 4 arg. 5</span></a> Praeterea, sicut
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1017 tempus est mensura extrinseca, ita et locus. Non ergo magis debet
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1018 computari inter primo creata tempus, quam locus.</p><p title="I q. 66 a. 4 s. c."><a name="31229"><span class="ref">[31229] Iª q. 66 a. 4 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1019 quod Augustinus dicit, super Gen. ad Litt., quod spiritualis et
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1020 corporalis creatura est creata in principio temporis.</p><p title="I q. 66 a. 4 co."><a name="31230"><span class="ref">[31230] Iª q. 66 a. 4 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1021 quod communiter dicitur quatuor esse primo creata, scilicet naturam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1022 angelicam, caelum Empyreum, materiam corporalem informem, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1023 tempus. Sed attendendum est quod hoc dictum non procedit secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1024 Augustini opinionem. Augustinus enim ponit duo primo creata,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1025 scilicet naturam angelicam et materiam corporalem, nulla mentione
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1026 facta de caelo Empyreo. Haec autem duo, scilicet natura angelica et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1027 materia informis, praecedunt formationem non duratione, sed natura.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1028 Et sicut natura praecedunt formationem, ita etiam et motum et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1029 tempus. Unde tempus non potest eis connumerari. Procedit autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1030 praedicta connumeratio secundum opinionem aliorum sanctorum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1031 ponentium quod informitas materiae duratione praecessit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1032 formationem, et tunc pro illa duratione necesse est ponere tempus
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1033 aliquod; aliter enim mensura durationis accipi non posset.</p><p title="I q. 66 a. 4 ad 1"><a name="31231"><span class="ref">[31231] Iª q. 66 a. 4 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1034 dicendum quod Augustinus hoc dicit ea ratione qua natura angelica
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1035 et materia informis praecedunt origine, seu natura, tempus.</p><p title="I q. 66 a. 4 ad 2"><a name="31232"><span class="ref">[31232] Iª q. 66 a. 4 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1036 dicendum quod sicut, secundum alios sanctos, materia erat
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1037 quodammodo informis, et postea fuit formata; ita tempus quodammodo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1038 fuit informe, et postmodum formatum, et distinctum per diem et
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1039 noctem.</p><p title="I q. 66 a. 4 ad 3"><a name="31233"><span class="ref">[31233] Iª q. 66 a. 4 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1040 dicendum quod, si motus firmamenti non statim a principio incoepit,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1041 tunc tempus quod praecessit, non erat numerus motus firmamenti, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1042 cuiuscumque primi motus. Accidit enim tempori quod sit numerus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1043 motus firmamenti, inquantum hic motus est primus motuum, si autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1044 esset alius motus primus, illius motus esset tempus mensura, quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1045 omnia mensurantur primo sui generis. Oportet autem dicere statim a
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1046 principio fuisse aliquem motum, ad minus secundum successionem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1047 conceptionum et affectionum in mente angelica. Motum autem non est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1048 intelligere sine tempore, cum nihil aliud sit tempus quam numerus
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1049 prioris et posterioris in motu.</p><p title="I q. 66 a. 4 ad 4"><a name="31234"><span class="ref">[31234] Iª q. 66 a. 4 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1050 dicendum quod inter primo creata computantur ea quae habent
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1051 generalem habitudinem ad res. Et ideo computari debuit tempus, quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1052 habet rationem communis mensurae, non autem motus, qui comparatur
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1053 solum ad subiectum mobile.</p><p title="I q. 66 a. 4 ad 5"><a name="31235"><span class="ref">[31235] Iª q. 66 a. 4 ad 5</span></a> Ad quintum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1054 dicendum quod locus intelligitur in caelo Empyreo omnia continente.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1055 Et quia locus est de permanentibus, concreatus est totus simul.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1056 Tempus autem, quod non est permanens, concreatum est in suo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1057 principio, sicut etiam modo nihil est accipere in actu de tempore
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1058 nisi nunc.</p></div></div><div class="q" id="q67"><h2>Quaestio 67</h2><div class="p"><h3>Prooemium</h3><p title="I q. 67 pr."><a name="31236"><span class="ref">[31236]
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1059 Iª q. 67 pr.</span></a> Consequenter considerandum est de
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1060 opere distinctionis secundum se et primo, de opere primae diei;
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1061 secundo, de opere secundae diei; tertio, de opere tertiae. Circa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1062 primum quaeruntur quatuor. Primo, utrum lux proprie in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1063 spiritualibus dici possit. Secundo, utrum lux corporalis sit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1064 corpus. Tertio, utrum sit qualitas. Quarto, utrum conveniens fuit
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1065 prima die fieri lucem.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 1</h3><p title="I q. 67 a. 1 arg. 1"><a name="31237"><span class="ref">[31237] Iª q. 67 a. 1 arg. 1</span></a> Ad primum sic
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1066 proceditur. Videtur quod lux proprie in spiritualibus dicatur.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1067 Dicit enim Augustinus, IV super Gen. ad Litt., quod in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1068 spiritualibus melior et certior lux est, et quod <i>Christus non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1069 sic dicitur lux quo modo lapis, sed illud proprie, hoc
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1070 figurative</i>.</p><p title="I q. 67 a. 1 arg. 2"><a name="31238"><span class="ref">[31238] Iª q. 67 a. 1 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1071 Dionysius, IV cap. de Div. Nom., ponit lumen inter nomina
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1072 intelligibilia Dei. Nomina autem intelligibilia proprie dicuntur in
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1073 spiritualibus. Ergo lux proprie dicitur in spiritualibus.</p><p title="I q. 67 a. 1 arg. 3"><a name="31239"><span class="ref">[31239] Iª q. 67 a. 1 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1074 apostolus dicit, ad Ephes. V, <i>omne quod manifestatur, lumen
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1075 est</i>. Sed manifestatio magis proprie est in spiritualibus quam
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1076 in corporalibus. Ergo et lux.</p><p title="I q. 67 a. 1 s. c."><a name="31240"><span class="ref">[31240] Iª q. 67 a. 1 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1077 quod Ambrosius, in libro de fide, ponit splendorem inter ea quae de
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1078 Deo metaphorice dicuntur.</p><p title="I q. 67 a. 1 co."><a name="31241"><span class="ref">[31241] Iª q. 67 a. 1 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1079 quod de aliquo nomine dupliciter convenit loqui, uno modo, secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1080 primam eius impositionem; alio modo, secundum usum nominis. Sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1081 patet in nomine visionis, quod primo impositum est ad significandum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1082 actum sensus visus; sed propter dignitatem et certitudinem huius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1083 sensus, extensum est hoc nomen, secundum usum loquentium, ad omnem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1084 cognitionem aliorum sensuum (dicimus enim, vide quomodo sapit, vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1085 quomodo redolet, vel quomodo est calidum); et ulterius etiam ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1086 cognitionem intellectus, secundum illud Matth. V, <i>beati mundo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1087 corde, quoniam ipsi Deum videbunt</i>. Et similiter dicendum est de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1088 nomine lucis. Nam primo quidem est institutum ad significandum id
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1089 quod facit manifestationem in sensu visus, postmodum autem extensum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1090 est ad significandum omne illud quod facit manifestationem secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1091 quamcumque cognitionem. Si ergo accipiatur nomen luminis secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1092 suam primam impositionem, metaphorice in spiritualibus dicitur, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1093 Ambrosius dicit. Si autem accipiatur secundum quod est in usu
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1094 loquentium ad omnem manifestationem extensum, sic proprie in
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1095 spiritualibus dicitur.</p><p title="I q. 67 a. 1 ad arg."><a name="31242"><span class="ref">[31242] Iª q. 67 a. 1 ad arg.</span></a> Et per hoc
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1096 patet responsio ad obiecta.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 2</h3><p title="I q. 67 a. 2 arg. 1"><a name="31243"><span class="ref">[31243] Iª q. 67 a. 2 arg. 1</span></a> Ad secundum sic
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1097 proceditur. Videtur quod lux sit corpus. Dicit enim Augustinus, in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1098 libro de Lib. Arbit., quod <i>lux in corporibus primum tenet
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1099 locum</i>. Ergo lux est corpus.</p><p title="I q. 67 a. 2 arg. 2"><a name="31244"><span class="ref">[31244] Iª q. 67 a. 2 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1100 philosophus dicit quod lumen est species ignis. Sed ignis est
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1101 corpus. Ergo lumen est corpus.</p><p title="I q. 67 a. 2 arg. 3"><a name="31245"><span class="ref">[31245] Iª q. 67 a. 2 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1102 ferri, intersecari, et reflecti est proprie corporum, haec autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1103 omnia attribuuntur lumini vel radio. Coniunguntur etiam diversi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1104 radii et separantur, ut Dionysius dicit, II cap. de Div. Nom., quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1105 etiam videtur non nisi corporibus convenire posse. Ergo lumen est
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1106 corpus.</p><p title="I q. 67 a. 2 s. c."><a name="31246"><span class="ref">[31246] Iª q. 67 a. 2 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra, duo
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1107 corpora non possunt simul esse in eodem loco. Sed lumen est simul
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1108 cum aere. Ergo lumen non est corpus.</p><p title="I q. 67 a. 2 co."><a name="31247"><span class="ref">[31247] Iª q. 67 a. 2 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1109 quod impossibile est lumen esse corpus. Quod quidem apparet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1110 tripliciter. Primo quidem, ex parte loci. Nam locus cuiuslibet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1111 corporis est alius a loco alterius corporis, nec est possibile,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1112 secundum naturam, duo corpora esse simul in eodem loco,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1113 qualiacumque corpora sint; quia contiguum requirit distinctionem in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1114 situ. Secundo, apparet idem ex ratione motus. Si enim lumen esset
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1115 corpus, illuminatio esset motus localis corporis. Nullus autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1116 motus localis corporis potest esse in instanti, quia omne quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1117 movetur localiter, necesse est quod prius perveniat ad medium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1118 magnitudinis quam ad extremum. Illuminatio autem fit in instanti.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1119 Nec potest dici quod fiat in tempore imperceptibili. Quia in parvo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1120 spatio posset tempus latere, in magno autem spatio, puta ab oriente
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1121 in occidentem, tempus latere non posset, statim enim cum sol est in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1122 puncto orientis, illuminatur totum hemisphaerium usque ad punctum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1123 oppositum. Est etiam aliud considerandum ex parte motus. Quia omne
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1124 corpus habet motum naturalem determinatum, motus autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1125 illuminationis est ad omnem partem, nec magis secundum circulum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1126 quam secundum rectitudinem. Unde manifestum est quod illuminatio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1127 non est motus localis alicuius corporis. Tertio, apparet idem ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1128 parte generationis et corruptionis. Si enim lumen esset corpus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1129 quando aer obtenebrescit per absentiam luminaris, sequeretur quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1130 corpus luminis corrumperetur, et quod materia eius acciperet aliam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1131 formam. Quod non apparet, nisi aliquis dicat etiam tenebras esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1132 corpus. Nec etiam apparet ex qua materia tantum corpus, quod replet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1133 medium hemisphaerium, quotidie generetur. Ridiculum est etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1134 dicere quod ad solam absentiam luminaris, tantum corpus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1135 corrumpatur. Si quis etiam dicat quod non corrumpitur, sed simul
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1136 cum sole accedit et circumfertur, quid dici poterit de hoc, quod ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1137 interpositionem alicuius corporis circa candelam, tota domus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1138 obscuratur? Nec videtur quod lumen congregetur circa candelam, quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1139 non apparet ibi maior claritas post quam ante. Quia ergo omnia haec
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1140 non solum rationi, sed sensui etiam repugnant, dicendum est quod
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1141 impossibile est lumen esse corpus.</p><p title="I q. 67 a. 2 ad 1"><a name="31248"><span class="ref">[31248] Iª q. 67 a. 2 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1142 dicendum quod Augustinus accipit lucem pro corpore lucido in actu,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1143 scilicet pro igne, quod inter quatuor elementa nobilissimum
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1144 est.</p><p title="I q. 67 a. 2 ad 2"><a name="31249"><span class="ref">[31249] Iª q. 67 a. 2 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1145 dicendum quod Aristoteles lumen nominat ignem in propria materia,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1146 sicut ignis in materia aerea dicitur flamma, et in materia terrea
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1147 dicitur carbo. Non tamen est multum curandum de eis exemplis quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1148 Aristoteles inducit in libris logicalibus, quia inducit ea ut
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1149 probabilia secundum opinionem aliorum.</p><p title="I q. 67 a. 2 ad 3"><a name="31250"><span class="ref">[31250] Iª q. 67 a. 2 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1150 dicendum quod omnia illa attribuuntur lumini metaphorice, sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1151 etiam possent attribui calori. Quia enim motus localis est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1152 naturaliter primus motuum, ut probatur in VIII Physic., utimur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1153 nominibus pertinentibus ad motum localem, in alteratione et in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1154 omnibus motibus, sicut etiam nomen distantiae derivatum est a loco
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1155 ad omnia contraria, ut dicitur in X Metaphys.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 3</h3><p title="I q. 67 a. 3 arg. 1"><a name="31251"><span class="ref">[31251] Iª q. 67 a. 3 arg. 1</span></a> Ad tertium sic
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1156 proceditur. Videtur quod lux non sit qualitas. Omnis enim qualitas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1157 permanet in subiecto etiam postquam agens discesserit; sicut calor
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1158 in aqua postquam removetur ab igne. Sed lumen non remanet in aere
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1159 recedente luminari. Ergo lumen non est qualitas.</p><p title="I q. 67 a. 3 arg. 2"><a name="31252"><span class="ref">[31252] Iª q. 67 a. 3 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea, omnis
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1160 qualitas sensibilis habet contrarium; sicut calido contrariatur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1161 frigidum, et albo nigrum. Sed lumini nihil est contrarium, tenebra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1162 enim est privatio luminis. Ergo lumen non est qualitas
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1163 sensibilis.</p><p title="I q. 67 a. 3 arg. 3"><a name="31253"><span class="ref">[31253] Iª q. 67 a. 3 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea, causa
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1164 est potior effectu. Sed lux caelestium corporum causat formas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1165 substantiales in istis inferioribus. Dat etiam esse spirituale
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1166 coloribus, quia facit eos visibiles actu. Ergo lux non est aliqua
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1167 qualitas sensibilis, sed magis substantialis forma, aut
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1168 spiritualis.</p><p title="I q. 67 a. 3 s. c."><a name="31254"><span class="ref">[31254] Iª q. 67 a. 3 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1169 quod Damascenus dicit, in libro I, quod lux est quaedam
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1170 qualitas.</p><p title="I q. 67 a. 3 co."><a name="31255"><span class="ref">[31255] Iª q. 67 a. 3 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1171 quod quidam dixerunt quod lumen in aere non habet esse naturale,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1172 sicut color in pariete; sed esse intentionale, sicut similitudo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1173 coloris in aere. Sed hoc non potest esse, propter duo. Primo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1174 quidem, quia lumen denominat aerem, fit enim aer luminosus in actu.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1175 Color vero non denominat ipsum, non enim dicitur aer coloratus.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1176 Secundo, quia lumen habet effectum in natura, quia per radios solis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1177 calefiunt corpora. Intentiones autem non causant transmutationes
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1178 naturales. Alii vero dixerunt quod lux est forma substantialis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1179 solis. Sed hoc etiam apparet impossibile, propter duo. Primo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1180 quidem, quia nulla forma substantialis est per se sensibilis, quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1181 quod quid est est obiectum intellectus, ut dicitur in III de anima.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1182 Lux autem est secundum se visibilis. Secundo, quia impossibile est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1183 ut id quod est forma substantialis in uno, sit forma accidentalis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1184 in alio, quia formae substantiali per se convenit constituere in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1185 specie; unde semper et in omnibus adest ei. Lux autem non est forma
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1186 substantialis aeris, alioquin, ea recedente, corrumperetur. Unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1187 non potest esse forma substantialis solis. Dicendum est ergo quod,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1188 sicut calor est qualitas activa consequens formam substantialem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1189 ignis, ita lux est qualitas activa consequens formam substantialem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1190 solis, vel cuiuscumque alterius corporis a se lucentis, si aliquod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1191 aliud tale est. Cuius signum est, quod radii diversarum stellarum
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1192 habent diversos effectus, secundum diversas naturas corporum.</p><p title="I q. 67 a. 3 ad 1"><a name="31256"><span class="ref">[31256] Iª q. 67 a. 3 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1193 dicendum quod, cum qualitas consequatur formam substantialem,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1194 diversimode se habet subiectum ad receptionem qualitatis, sicut se
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1195 habet ad receptionem formae. Cum enim materia perfecte recipit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1196 formam, firmiter stabilitur etiam qualitas consequens formam; sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1197 si aqua convertatur in ignem. Cum vero forma substantialis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1198 recipitur imperfecte, secundum inchoationem quandam, qualitas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1199 consequens manet quidem aliquandiu, sed non semper; sicut patet in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1200 aqua calefacta, quae redit ad suam naturam. Sed illuminatio non fit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1201 per aliquam transmutationem materiae ad susceptionem formae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1202 substantialis, ut fiat quasi inchoatio aliqua formae. Et ideo lumen
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1203 non remanet nisi ad praesentiam agentis.</p><p title="I q. 67 a. 3 ad 2"><a name="31257"><span class="ref">[31257] Iª q. 67 a. 3 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1204 dicendum quod accidit luci quod non habeat contrarium, inquantum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1205 est qualitas naturalis primi corporis alterantis, quod est a
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1206 contrarietate elongatum.</p><p title="I q. 67 a. 3 ad 3"><a name="31258"><span class="ref">[31258] Iª q. 67 a. 3 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1207 dicendum quod, sicut calor agit ad formam ignis quasi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1208 instrumentaliter in virtute formae substantialis, ita lumen agit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1209 quasi instrumentaliter in virtute corporum caelestium ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1210 producendas formas substantiales, et ad hoc quod faciat colores
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1211 visibiles actu, inquantum est qualitas primi corporis
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1212 sensibilis.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 4</h3><p title="I q. 67 a. 4 arg. 1"><a name="31259"><span class="ref">[31259] Iª q. 67 a. 4 arg. 1</span></a> Ad quartum sic
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1213 proceditur. Videtur quod inconvenienter lucis productio in prima
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1214 die ponatur. Est enim lux qualitas quaedam, ut dictum est. Qualitas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1215 autem, cum sit accidens, non habet rationem primi, sed magis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1216 rationem postremi. Non ergo prima die debet poni productio
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1217 lucis.</p><p title="I q. 67 a. 4 arg. 2"><a name="31260"><span class="ref">[31260] Iª q. 67 a. 4 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea, per
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1218 lucem distinguitur nox a die. Hoc autem fit per solem, qui ponitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1219 factus die quarta. Ergo non debuit poni productio lucis prima
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1220 die.</p><p title="I q. 67 a. 4 arg. 3"><a name="31261"><span class="ref">[31261] Iª q. 67 a. 4 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea, nox
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1221 et dies fit per circularem motum corporis lucidi. Sed circularis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1222 motus est proprius firmamenti, quod legitur factum die secunda.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1223 Ergo non debuit poni in prima die productio lucis distinguentis
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1224 noctem et diem.</p><p title="I q. 67 a. 4 arg. 4"><a name="31262"><span class="ref">[31262] Iª q. 67 a. 4 arg. 4</span></a> Si dicatur quod
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1225 intelligitur de luce spirituali, contra, lux quae legitur facta
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1226 prima die, facit distinctionem a tenebris. Sed non erant in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1227 principio spirituales tenebrae, quia etiam Daemones fuerunt a
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1228 principio boni, ut supra dictum est. Non ergo prima die debuit poni
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1229 productio lucis.</p><p title="I q. 67 a. 4 s. c."><a name="31263"><span class="ref">[31263] Iª q. 67 a. 4 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra, id
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1230 sine quo non potest esse dies, oportuit fieri in prima die. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1231 sine luce non potest esse dies. Ergo oportuit lucem fieri prima
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1232 die.</p><p title="I q. 67 a. 4 co."><a name="31264"><span class="ref">[31264] Iª q. 67 a. 4 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1233 quod de productione lucis est duplex opinio. Augustino enim videtur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1234 quod non fuerit conveniens Moysen praetermisisse spiritualis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1235 creaturae productionem. Et ideo dicit quod, cum dicitur, in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1236 principio creavit Deus caelum et terram, per caelum intelligitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1237 spiritualis natura adhuc informis, per terram autem intelligitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1238 materia informis corporalis creaturae. Et quia natura spiritualis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1239 dignior est quam corporalis, fuit prius formanda. Formatio igitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1240 spiritualis naturae significatur in productione lucis, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1241 intelligatur de luce spirituali formatio enim naturae spiritualis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1242 est per hoc quod illuminatur ut adhaereat verbo Dei. Aliis autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1243 videtur quod sit praetermissa a Moyse productio spiritualis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1244 creaturae. Sed huius rationem diversimode assignant. Basilius enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1245 dicit quod Moyses principium narrationis suae fecit a principio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1246 quod ad tempus pertinet sensibilium rerum; sed spiritualis natura,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1247 idest angelica, praetermittitur, quia fuit ante creata.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1248 Chrysostomus autem assignat aliam rationem. Quia Moyses loquebatur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1249 rudi populo, qui nihil nisi corporalia poterat capere; quem etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1250 ab idololatria revocare volebat. Assumpsissent autem idololatriae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1251 occasionem, si propositae fuissent eis aliquae substantiae supra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1252 omnes corporeas creaturas, eas enim reputassent deos, cum etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1253 proni essent ad hoc quod solem et lunam et stellas colerent tanquam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1254 deos; quod eis inhibetur Deut. IV. Praemissa autem fuerat Gen. I,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1255 circa creaturam corporalem multiplex informitas, una quidem in hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1256 quod dicebatur, terra erat inanis et vacua; alia vero in hoc quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1257 dicebatur, tenebrae erant super faciem abyssi. Necessarium autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1258 fuit ut informitas tenebrarum primo removeretur per lucis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1259 productionem, propter duo. Primo quidem, quia lux, ut dictum est,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1260 est qualitas primi corporis, unde secundum eam primo fuit mundus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1261 formandus. Secundo, propter communitatem lucis, communicant enim in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1262 ea inferiora corpora cum superioribus. Sicut autem in cognitione
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1263 proceditur a communioribus, ita etiam in operatione, nam prius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1264 generatur vivum quam animal, et animal quam homo, ut dicitur in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1265 libro de Gener. Animal. Sic ergo oportuit ordinem divinae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1266 sapientiae manifestari, ut primo inter opera distinctionis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1267 produceretur lux, tanquam primi corporis forma, et tanquam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1268 communior. Basilius autem ponit tertiam rationem, quia per lucem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1269 omnia alia manifestantur. Potest et quarta ratio addi, quae in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1270 obiiciendo est tacta, quia dies non potest esse sine luce; unde
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1271 oportuit in prima die fieri lucem.</p><p title="I q. 67 a. 4 ad 1"><a name="31265"><span class="ref">[31265] Iª q. 67 a. 4 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1272 dicendum quod, secundum opinionem quae ponit informitatem materiae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1273 duratione praecedere formationem, oportet dicere quod materia a
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1274 principio fuerit creata sub formis substantialibus; postmodum vero
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1275 fuerit formata secundum aliquas conditiones accidentales, inter
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1276 quas primum locum obtinet lux.</p><p title="I q. 67 a. 4 ad 2"><a name="31266"><span class="ref">[31266] Iª q. 67 a. 4 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1277 dicendum quod quidam dicunt lucem illam fuisse quandam nubem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1278 lucidam, quae postmodum, facto sole, in materiam praeiacentem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1279 rediit. Sed istud non est conveniens. Quia Scriptura in principio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1280 Genesis commemorat institutionem naturae, quae postmodum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1281 perseverat, unde non debet dici quod aliquid tunc factum fuerit,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1282 quod postmodum esse desierit. Et ideo alii dicunt quod illa nubes
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1283 lucida adhuc remanet, et est coniuncta soli, ut ab eo discerni non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1284 possit. Sed secundum hoc, illa nubes superflua remaneret, nihil
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1285 autem est vanum in operibus Dei. Et ideo alii dicunt quod ex illa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1286 nube formatum est corpus solis. Sed hoc etiam dici non potest, si
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1287 ponatur corpus solis non esse de natura quatuor elementorum, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1288 esse incorruptibile per naturam quia secundum hoc, materia eius non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1289 potest esse sub alia forma. Et ideo est dicendum, ut Dionysius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1290 dicit IV cap. de Div. Nom., quod illa lux fuit lux solis, sed adhuc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1291 informis, quantum ad hoc, quod iam erat substantia solis, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1292 habebat virtutem illuminativam in communi; sed postmodum data est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1293 ei specialis et determinata virtus ad particulares effectus. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1294 secundum hoc, in productione huius lucis distincta est lux a
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1295 tenebris, quantum ad tria. Primo quidem, quantum ad causam,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1296 secundum quod in substantia solis erat causa luminis, in opacitate
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1297 autem terrae causa tenebrarum. Secundo, quantum ad locum, quia in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1298 uno hemisphaerio erat lumen, in alio tenebrae. Tertio, quantum ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1299 tempus, quia in eodem hemisphaerio secundum unam partem temporis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1300 erat lumen, secundum aliam tenebrae. Et hoc est quod dicitur,
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1301 <i>lucem vocavit diem, et tenebras noctem</i>.</p><p title="I q. 67 a. 4 ad 3"><a name="31267"><span class="ref">[31267] Iª q. 67 a. 4 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1302 dicendum quod Basilius dicit lucem et tenebras tunc fuisse per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1303 emissionem et contractionem luminis, et non per motum. Sed contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1304 hoc obiicit Augustinus quod nulla ratio esset huius vicissitudinis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1305 emittendi et retrahendi luminis; cum homines et animalia non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1306 essent, quorum usibus hoc deserviret. Et praeterea hoc non habet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1307 natura corporis lucidi, ut retrahat lumen in sui praesentia, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1308 miraculose potest hoc fieri, in prima autem institutione naturae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1309 non quaeritur miraculum, sed quid natura rerum habeat, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1310 Augustinus dicit. Et ideo dicendum est quod duplex est motus in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1311 caelo. Unus communis toti caelo, qui facit diem et noctem, et iste
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1312 videtur institutus primo die. Alius autem est, qui diversificatur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1313 per diversa corpora; secundum quos motus fit diversitas dierum ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1314 invicem, et mensium et annorum. Et ideo in prima die fit mentio de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1315 sola distinctione noctis et diei, quae fit per motum communem. In
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1316 quarta autem die fit mentio de diversitate dierum et temporum et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1317 annorum, cum dicitur, <i>ut sint in tempora et dies et annos</i>;
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1318 quae quidem diversitas fit per motus proprios.</p><p title="I q. 67 a. 4 ad 4"><a name="31268"><span class="ref">[31268] Iª q. 67 a. 4 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1319 dicendum quod, secundum Augustinum, informitas non praecedit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1320 formationem duratione. Unde oportet dicere quod per lucis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1321 productionem intelligatur formatio spiritualis creaturae non quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1322 est per gloriam perfecta, cum qua creata non fuit; sed quae est per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1323 gratiam perfecta, cum qua creata fuit, ut dictum est. Per hanc ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1324 lucem facta est divisio a tenebris, idest ab informitate alterius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1325 creaturae non formatae. Vel, si tota creatura simul formata fuit,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1326 facta est distinctio a tenebris spiritualibus, non quae tunc essent
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1327 (quia Diabolus non fuit creatus malus); sed quas Deus futuras
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1328 praevidit.</p></div></div><div class="q" id="q68"><h2>Quaestio 68</h2><div class="p"><h3>Prooemium</h3><p title="I q. 68 pr."><a name="31269"><span class="ref">[31269]
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1329 Iª q. 68 pr.</span></a> Deinde considerandum est de opere
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1330 secundae diei. Et circa hoc quaeruntur quatuor. Primo, utrum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1331 firmamentum sit factum secunda die. Secundo, utrum aliquae aquae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1332 sint supra firmamentum. Tertio, utrum firmamentum dividat aquas ab
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1333 aquis. Quarto, utrum sit unum caelum tantum, vel plures.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 1</h3><p title="I q. 68 a. 1 arg. 1"><a name="31270"><span class="ref">[31270] Iª q. 68 a. 1 arg. 1</span></a> Ad primum sic
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1334 proceditur. Videtur quod firmamentum non sit factum secunda die.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1335 Dicitur enim Gen. I, <i>vocavit Deus firmamentum caelum</i>. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1336 caelum factum est ante omnem diem, ut patet cum dicitur, <i>in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1337 principio creavit Deus caelum et terram</i>. Ergo firmamentum non
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1338 est factum secunda die.</p><p title="I q. 68 a. 1 arg. 2"><a name="31271"><span class="ref">[31271] Iª q. 68 a. 1 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea, opera
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1339 sex dierum ordinantur secundum ordinem divinae sapientiae. Non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1340 conveniret autem divinae sapientiae, ut posterius faceret quod est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1341 naturaliter prius. Firmamentum autem est naturaliter prius aqua et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1342 terra, de quibus tamen fit mentio ante formationem lucis, quae fuit
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1343 prima die. Non ergo firmamentum factum est secunda die.</p><p title="I q. 68 a. 1 arg. 3"><a name="31272"><span class="ref">[31272] Iª q. 68 a. 1 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea, omne
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1344 quod est factum per sex dies, formatum est ex materia prius creata
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1345 ante omnem diem. Sed firmamentum non potuit formari ex materia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1346 praeexistente, quia sic esset generabile et corruptibile. Ergo
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1347 firmamentum non est factum secunda die.</p><p title="I q. 68 a. 1 s. c."><a name="31273"><span class="ref">[31273] Iª q. 68 a. 1 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1348 quod dicitur Gen. I, <i>dixit Deus, fiat firmamentum</i>. Et postea
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1349 sequitur, <i>et factum est vespere et mane dies secundus</i>.</p><p title="I q. 68 a. 1 co."><a name="31274"><span class="ref">[31274] Iª q. 68 a. 1 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1350 quod, sicut Augustinus docet, in huiusmodi quaestionibus duo sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1351 observanda. Primo quidem, ut veritas Scripturae inconcusse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1352 teneatur. Secundo, cum Scriptura divina multipliciter exponi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1353 possit, quod nulli expositioni aliquis ita praecise inhaereat quod,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1354 si certa ratione constiterit hoc esse falsum, quod aliquis sensum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1355 Scripturae esse asserere praesumat, ne Scriptura ex hoc ab
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1356 infidelibus derideatur, et ne eis via credendi praecludatur.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1357 Sciendum est ergo quod hoc quod legitur firmamentum secunda die
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1358 factum, dupliciter intelligi potest. Uno modo, de firmamento in quo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1359 sunt sidera. Et secundum hoc, oportet nos diversimode exponere
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1360 secundum diversas opiniones hominum de firmamento. Quidam enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1361 dixerunt firmamentum illud esse ex elementis compositum. Et haec
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1362 fuit opinio Empedoclis; qui tamen dixit ideo illud corpus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1363 indissolubile esse, quia in eius compositione lis non erat sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1364 amicitia tantum. Alii vero dixerunt firmamentum esse de natura
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1365 quatuor elementorum non quasi ex elementis compositum, sed quasi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1366 elementum simplex. Et haec opinio fuit Platonis, qui posuit corpus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1367 caeleste esse elementum ignis. Alii vero dixerunt caelum non esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1368 de natura quatuor elementorum, sed esse quintum corpus, praeter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1369 quatuor elementa. Et haec est opinio Aristotelis. Secundum igitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1370 primam opinionem, absolute posset concedi quod firmamentum factum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1371 fuerit secunda die, etiam secundum suam substantiam. Nam ad opus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1372 creationis pertinet producere ipsam elementorum substantiam, ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1373 opus autem distinctionis et ornatus pertinet formare aliqua ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1374 praeexistentibus elementis. Secundum vero opinionem Platonis, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1375 est conveniens quod firmamentum credatur secundum suam substantiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1376 esse factum secunda die. Nam facere firmamentum, secundum hoc, est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1377 producere elementum ignis. Productio autem elementorum pertinet ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1378 opus creationis, secundum eos qui ponunt informitatem materiae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1379 tempore praecedere formationem, quia formae elementorum sunt quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1380 primo adveniunt materiae. Multo autem minus secundum opinionem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1381 Aristotelis poni potest quod firmamentum secundum suam substantiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1382 sit secunda die productum, secundum quod per istos dies successio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1383 temporis designatur. Quia caelum, cum sit secundum suam naturam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1384 incorruptibile, habet materiam quae non potest subesse alteri
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1385 formae, unde impossibile est quod firmamentum sit factum ex materia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1386 prius tempore existente. Unde productio substantiae firmamenti ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1387 opus creationis pertinet. Sed aliqua formatio eius, secundum has
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1388 duas opiniones, pertinet ad opus secundae diei, sicut etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1389 Dionysius dicit, IV cap. de Div. Nom., quod lumen solis fuit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1390 informe in primo triduo, et postea fuit in quarta die formatum. Si
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1391 autem per istos dies non designetur temporis successio, sed solum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1392 ordo naturae, ut Augustinus vult; nihil prohibebit dicere, secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1393 quamcumque harum opinionum formationem secundum substantiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1394 firmamenti ad secundam diem pertinere. Potest autem et alio modo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1395 intelligi, ut per firmamentum quod legitur secunda die factum, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1396 intelligatur firmamentum illud in quo fixae sunt stellae, sed illa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1397 pars aeris in qua condensantur nubes. Et dicitur firmamentum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1398 propter spissitudinem aeris in parte illa, nam quod est spissum et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1399 solidum, dicitur esse corpus firmum, ad differentiam corporis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1400 mathematici, ut dicit Basilius. Et secundum hanc expositionem,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1401 nihil repugnans sequitur cuicumque opinioni. Unde Augustinus, II
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1402 super Gen. ad Litt., hanc expositionem commendans, dicit, <i>hanc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1403 considerationem laude dignissimam iudico; quod enim dixit, neque
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1404 est contra fidem, et in promptu, posito documento, credi
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1405 potest</i>.</p><p title="I q. 68 a. 1 ad 1"><a name="31275"><span class="ref">[31275] Iª q. 68 a. 1 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1406 dicendum quod, secundum Chrysostomum, primo Moyses summarie dixit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1407 quid Deus fecit, praemittens, in principio creavit Deus caelum et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1408 terram, postea per partes explicavit. Sicut si quis dicat, hic
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1409 artifex fecit domum istam, et postea subdat, primo fecit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1410 fundamenta, et postea erexit parietes, tertio superposuit tectum.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1411 Et sic non oportet nos aliud caelum intelligere, cum dicitur, <i>in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1412 principio creavit Deus caelum et terram</i>; et cum dicitur quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1413 secunda die factum est firmamentum. Potest etiam dici aliud esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1414 caelum quod legitur in principio creatum, et quod legitur secunda
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1415 die factum. Et hoc diversimode. Nam secundum Augustinum, caelum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1416 quod legitur primo die factum, est natura spiritualis informis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1417 caelum autem quod legitur secunda die factum, est caelum corporeum.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1418 Secundum vero Bedam et Strabum, caelum quod legitur primo die
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1419 factum, est caelum Empyreum, firmamentum vero quod legitur secunda
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1420 die factum, est caelum sidereum. Secundum vero Damascenum, caelum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1421 quod legitur prima die factum, est quoddam caelum sphaericum sine
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1422 stellis, de quo philosophi loquuntur, dicentes ipsum esse nonam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1423 sphaeram et mobile primum, quod movetur motu diurno, per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1424 firmamentum vero factum secunda die, intelligitur caelum sidereum.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1425 Secundum autem aliam expositionem, quam Augustinus tangit, caelum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1426 prima die factum, est etiam ipsum caelum sidereum, per firmamentum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1427 vero secunda die factum, intelligitur spatium aeris in quo nubes
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1428 condensantur, quod etiam caelum aequivoce dicitur. Et ideo, ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1429 aequivocationem designandam, signanter dicitur, vocavit Deus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1430 firmamentum caelum; sicut et supra dixerat, vocavit lucem diem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1431 (quia dies etiam pro spatio vigintiquatuor horarum ponitur). Et
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1432 idem est in aliis observandum, ut Rabbi Moyses dicit.</p><p title="I q. 68 a. 1 ad 2"><a name="31276"><span class="ref">[31276] Iª q. 68 a. 1 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum et
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1433 tertium patet solutio ex supra dictis.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 2</h3><p title="I q. 68 a. 2 arg. 1"><a name="31277"><span class="ref">[31277] Iª q. 68 a. 2 arg. 1</span></a> Ad secundum sic
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1434 proceditur. Videtur quod aquae non sunt supra firmamentum. Aqua
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1435 enim est naturaliter gravis. Locus autem proprius gravis non est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1436 esse sursum, sed solum deorsum. Ergo aquae non sunt supra
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1437 firmamentum.</p><p title="I q. 68 a. 2 arg. 2"><a name="31278"><span class="ref">[31278] Iª q. 68 a. 2 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1438 naturaliter aqua est fluida. Sed quod est fluidum, non potest
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1439 consistere super corpus rotundum, ut experimento patet. Ergo, cum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1440 firmamentum sit corpus rotundum, aqua non potest esse supra
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1441 firmamentum.</p><p title="I q. 68 a. 2 arg. 3"><a name="31279"><span class="ref">[31279] Iª q. 68 a. 2 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea, aqua,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1442 cum sit elementum, ordinatur ad generationem corporis mixti; sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1443 imperfectum ordinatur ad perfectum. Sed supra firmamentum non est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1444 locus mixtionis, sed supra terram. Ergo frustra aqua esset supra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1445 firmamentum. Nihil autem in operibus Dei est frustra. Ergo aquae
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1446 non sunt supra firmamentum.</p><p title="I q. 68 a. 2 s. c."><a name="31280"><span class="ref">[31280] Iª q. 68 a. 2 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1447 quod dicitur Gen. I, quod <i>divisit aquas quae erant supra
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1448 firmamentum, ab his quae erant sub firmamento</i>.</p><p title="I q. 68 a. 2 co."><a name="31281"><span class="ref">[31281] Iª q. 68 a. 2 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1449 quod, sicut dicit Augustinus, II super Gen. ad Litt., <i>maior est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1450 Scripturae huius auctoritas quam omnis humani ingenii capacitas.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1451 Unde quomodo et quales aquae ibi sint, eas tamen ibi esse, minime
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1452 dubitamus</i>. Quales autem sint illae aquae, non eodem modo ab
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1453 omnibus assignatur. Origenes enim dicit quod aquae illae quae super
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1454 caelos sunt, sunt spirituales substantiae, unde in Psalmo CXLVIII,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1455 dicitur, <i>aquae quae super caelos sunt, laudent nomen domini</i>;
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1456 et Dan. III, <i>benedicite, aquae omnes quae super caelos sunt,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1457 domino</i>. Sed ad hoc respondet Basilius, in III Hexaem., quod hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1458 non dicitur eo quod aquae sint rationales creaturae; sed quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1459 <i>consideratio earum, prudenter a sensum habentibus contemplata,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1460 glorificationem perficit creatoris</i>. Unde ibidem dicitur idem de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1461 igne et grandine et huiusmodi, de quibus constat quod non sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1462 rationales creaturae. Dicendum est ergo quod sunt aquae corporales.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1463 Sed quales aquae sint, oportet diversimode definire, secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1464 diversam de firmamento sententiam. Si enim per firmamentum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1465 intelligitur caelum sidereum quod ponitur esse de natura quatuor
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1466 elementorum, pari ratione et aquae quae super caelos sunt, eiusdem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1467 naturae poterunt credi cum elementaribus aquis. Si autem per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1468 firmamentum intelligatur caelum sidereum quod non sit de natura
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1469 quatuor elementorum, tunc et aquae illae quae sunt supra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1470 firmamentum, non erunt de natura elementarium aquarum, sed sicut,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1471 secundum Strabum, dicitur caelum Empyreum, idest igneum, propter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1472 solum splendorem; ita dicetur aliud caelum aqueum propter solam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1473 diaphaneitatem, quod est supra caelum sidereum. Posito etiam quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1474 firmamentum sit alterius naturae praeter quatuor elementa, adhuc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1475 potest dici quod aquas dividit, si per aquam non elementum aquae,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1476 sed materiam informem corporum intelligamus, ut Augustinus dicit,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1477 super Gen. contra Manich., quia secundum hoc, quidquid est inter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1478 corpora, dividit aquas ab aquis. Si autem per firmamentum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1479 intelligatur pars aeris in qua nubes condensantur, sic aquae quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1480 supra firmamentum sunt, sunt aquae quae, vaporabiliter resolutae,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1481 supra aliquam partem aeris elevantur ex quibus pluviae generantur.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1482 Dicere enim quod aquae vaporabiliter resolutae eleventur supra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1483 caelum sidereum, ut quidam dixerunt, quorum opinionem Augustinus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1484 tangit in II super Gen. ad Litt. est omnino impossibile. Tum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1485 propter soliditatem caeli. Tum propter regionem ignis mediam, quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1486 huiusmodi vapores consumeret. Tum quia locus quo feruntur levia et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1487 rara, est infra concavum orbis lunae. Tum etiam quia sensibiliter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1488 apparet vapores non elevari usque ad cacumina quorundam montium.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1489 Quod etiam dicunt de rarefactione corporis in infinitum, propter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1490 hoc quod corpus est in infinitum divisibile, vanum est. Non enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1491 corpus naturale in infinitum dividitur aut rarefit, sed usque ad
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1492 certum terminum.</p><p title="I q. 68 a. 2 ad 1"><a name="31282"><span class="ref">[31282] Iª q. 68 a. 2 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1493 dicendum quod quibusdam videtur ratio illa solvenda per hoc, quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1494 aquae, quamvis sint naturaliter graves, virtute tamen divina super
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1495 caelos continentur. Sed hanc solutionem Augustinus excludit, II
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1496 Lib. super Gen. ad Litt., dicens quod <i>nunc quemadmodum Deus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1497 instituit naturas rerum convenit quaerere; non quid in eis ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1498 miraculum suae potentiae velit operari</i>. Unde aliter dicendum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1499 est quod, secundum duas ultimas opiniones de aquis et firmamento,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1500 patet solutio ex praemissis. Secundum autem primam opinionem,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1501 oportet ponere alium ordinem in elementis quam Aristoteles ponat;
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1502 ut quaedam aquae spissae sint circa terram, quaedam vero tenues
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1503 circa caelum; ut sic se habeant illae ad caelum, sicut istae ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1504 terram. Vel quod per aquam intelligatur materia corporum, ut dictum
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1505 est.</p><p title="I q. 68 a. 2 ad 2"><a name="31283"><span class="ref">[31283] Iª q. 68 a. 2 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum etiam
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1506 patet solutio ex praemissis, secundum duas ultimas opiniones.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1507 Secundum vero primam, respondet Basilius dupliciter. Uno modo, quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1508 non est necessarium ut omne quod in concavo apparet rotundum, sit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1509 etiam supra rotundum secundum convexum. Secundo, quia aquae quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1510 sunt supra caelos, non sunt fluidae; sed quasi glaciali soliditate
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1511 circa caelum firmatae. Unde et a quibusdam dicuntur caelum
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1512 crystallinum.</p><p title="I q. 68 a. 2 ad 3"><a name="31284"><span class="ref">[31284] Iª q. 68 a. 2 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1513 dicendum quod, secundum tertiam opinionem, aquae sunt supra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1514 firmamentum vaporabiliter elevatae propter utilitatem pluviarum.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1515 Secundum vero secundam opinionem, aquae sunt supra firmamentum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1516 idest caelum totum diaphanum absque stellis. Quod quidam ponunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1517 primum mobile, quod revolvit totum caelum motu diurno, ut operetur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1518 per motum diurnum continuitatem generationis, sicut caelum in quo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1519 sunt sidera, per motum qui est secundum zodiacum, operatur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1520 diversitatem generationis et corruptionis, per accessum et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1521 recessum, et per diversas virtutes stellarum. Secundum vero primam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1522 opinionem, aquae sunt ibi, ut Basilius dicit, ad contemperandum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1523 calorem caelestium corporum. Cuius signum acceperunt aliqui, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1524 Augustinus dicit, quod stella Saturni, propter vicinitatem aquarum
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1525 superiorum, est frigidissima.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 3</h3><p title="I q. 68 a. 3 arg. 1"><a name="31285"><span class="ref">[31285] Iª q. 68 a. 3 arg. 1</span></a> Ad tertium sic
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1526 proceditur. Videtur quod firmamentum non dividat aquas ab aquis.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1527 Unius enim corporis secundum speciem, est unus locus naturalis. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1528 omnis aqua omni aquae est eadem specie, ut dicit philosophus. Non
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1529 ergo aquae ab aquis sunt distinguendae secundum locum.</p><p title="I q. 68 a. 3 arg. 2"><a name="31286"><span class="ref">[31286] Iª q. 68 a. 3 arg. 2</span></a> Si dicatur quod
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1530 aquae illae quae sunt supra firmamentum, sunt alterius speciei ab
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1531 aquis quae sunt sub firmamento, contra, ea quae sunt secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1532 speciem diversa, non indigent aliquo alio distinguente. Si ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1533 aquae superiores et inferiores specie differunt, firmamentum eas ab
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1534 invicem non distinguit.</p><p title="I q. 68 a. 3 arg. 3"><a name="31287"><span class="ref">[31287] Iª q. 68 a. 3 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea, illud
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1535 videtur aquas ab aquis distinguere, quod ex utraque parte ab aquis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1536 contingitur; sicut si aliquis paries fabricetur in medio fluminis.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1537 Manifestum est autem quod aquae inferiores non pertingunt usque ad
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1538 firmamentum. Ergo non dividit firmamentum aquas ab aquis.</p><p title="I q. 68 a. 3 s. c."><a name="31288"><span class="ref">[31288] Iª q. 68 a. 3 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1539 quod dicitur Gen. I, <i>fiat firmamentum in medio aquarum, et
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1540 dividat aquas ab aquis</i>.</p><p title="I q. 68 a. 3 co."><a name="31289"><span class="ref">[31289] Iª q. 68 a. 3 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1541 quod aliquis, considerando superficie tenus litteram Genesis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1542 posset talem imaginationem concipere, secundum quorundam antiquorum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1543 philosophorum positionem. Posuerunt enim quidam aquam esse quoddam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1544 infinitum corpus, et omnium aliorum corporum principium. Quam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1545 quidem immensitatem aquarum accipere posset in nomine abyssi, cum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1546 dicitur quod tenebrae erant super faciem abyssi. Ponebant etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1547 quod istud caelum sensibile quod videmus, non continet infra se
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1548 omnia corporalia; sed est infinitum aquarum corpus supra caelum. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1549 ita posset aliquis dicere quod firmamentum caeli dividit aquas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1550 exteriores ab aquis interioribus, idest ab omnibus corporibus quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1551 infra caelum continentur, quorum principium aquam ponebant. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1552 quia ista positio per veras rationes falsa deprehenditur, non est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1553 dicendum hunc esse intellectum Scripturae. Sed considerandum est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1554 quod Moyses rudi populo loquebatur, quorum imbecillitati
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1555 condescendens, illa solum eis proposuit, quae manifeste sensui
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1556 apparent. Omnes autem, quantumcumque rudes, terram et aquam esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1557 corpora sensu deprehendunt. Aer autem non percipitur ab omnibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1558 esse corpus, intantum quod etiam quidam philosophi aerem dixerunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1559 nihil esse, plenum aere vacuum nominantes. Et ideo Moyses de aqua
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1560 et terra mentionem facit expressam, aerem autem non expresse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1561 nominat, ne rudibus quoddam ignotum proponeret. Ut tamen capacibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1562 veritatem exprimeret, dat locum intelligendi aerem, significans
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1563 ipsum quasi aquae annexum, cum dicit quod tenebrae erant super
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1564 faciem abyssi; per quod datur intelligi super faciem aquae esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1565 aliquod corpus diaphanum quod est subiectum lucis et tenebrarum.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1566 Sic igitur sive per firmamentum intelligamus caelum in quo sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1567 sidera, sive spatium aeris nubilosum, convenienter dicitur quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1568 firmamentum dividit aquas ab aquis, secundum quod per aquam materia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1569 informis significatur; vel secundum quod omnia corpora diaphana sub
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1570 nomine aquarum intelliguntur. Nam caelum sidereum distinguit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1571 corpora inferiora diaphana a superioribus. Aer vero nubilosus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1572 distinguit superiorem aeris partem, in qua generantur pluviae et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1573 huiusmodi impressiones, ab inferiori parte aeris, quae aquae
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1574 connectitur, et sub nomine aquarum intelligitur.</p><p title="I q. 68 a. 3 ad 1"><a name="31290"><span class="ref">[31290] Iª q. 68 a. 3 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1575 dicendum quod, si per firmamentum intelligatur caelum sidereum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1576 aquae superiores non sunt eiusdem speciei cum inferioribus. Si
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1577 autem per firmamentum intelligatur nubilosus aer, tunc utraeque
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1578 aquae sunt eiusdem speciei. Et deputantur tunc duo loca aquis non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1579 eadem ratione; sed locus superior est locus generationis aquarum,
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1580 locus autem inferior est locus quietis earum.</p><p title="I q. 68 a. 3 ad 2"><a name="31291"><span class="ref">[31291] Iª q. 68 a. 3 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1581 dicendum quod, si accipiantur aquae diversae secundum speciem,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1582 firmamentum dicitur dividere aquas ab aquis, non sicut causa
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1583 faciens divisionem; sed sicut terminus utrarumque aquarum.</p><p title="I q. 68 a. 3 ad 3"><a name="31292"><span class="ref">[31292] Iª q. 68 a. 3 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1584 dicendum quod Moyses, propter invisibilitatem aeris et similium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1585 corporum, omnia huiusmodi corpora sub aquae nomine comprehendit. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1586 sic manifestum est quod ex utraque parte firmamenti, qualitercumque
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1587 accepti, sunt aquae.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 4</h3><p title="I q. 68 a. 4 arg. 1"><a name="31293"><span class="ref">[31293] Iª q. 68 a. 4 arg. 1</span></a> Ad quartum sic
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1588 proceditur. Videtur quod sit unum caelum tantum. Caelum enim contra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1589 terram dividitur, cum dicitur, <i>in principio creavit Deus caelum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1590 et terram</i>. Sed terra est una tantum. Ergo et caelum est unum
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1591 tantum.</p><p title="I q. 68 a. 4 arg. 2"><a name="31294"><span class="ref">[31294] Iª q. 68 a. 4 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea, omne
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1592 quod constat ex tota sua materia est unum tantum. Sed caelum est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1593 huiusmodi, ut probat philosophus in I de caelo. Ergo caelum est
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1594 unum tantum.</p><p title="I q. 68 a. 4 arg. 3"><a name="31295"><span class="ref">[31295] Iª q. 68 a. 4 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1595 quidquid dicitur de pluribus univoce, dicitur de eis secundum unam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1596 rationem communem. Sed si sunt plures caeli, caelum dicitur univoce
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1597 de pluribus, quia si aequivoce, non proprie dicerentur plures
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1598 caeli. Oportet ergo, si dicuntur plures caeli, quod sit aliqua
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1599 ratio communis, secundum quam caeli dicantur. Hanc autem non est
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1600 assignare. Non est ergo dicendum quod sint plures caeli.</p><p title="I q. 68 a. 4 s. c."><a name="31296"><span class="ref">[31296] Iª q. 68 a. 4 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1601 quod dicitur in Psalmo CXLVIII, <i>laudate eum, caeli
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1602 caelorum</i>.</p><p title="I q. 68 a. 4 co."><a name="31297"><span class="ref">[31297] Iª q. 68 a. 4 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1603 quod circa hoc videtur esse quaedam diversitas inter Basilium et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1604 Chrysostomum. Dicit enim Chrysostomus non esse nisi unum caelum; et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1605 quod pluraliter dicitur, caeli caelorum, hoc est propter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1606 proprietatem linguae Hebraeae, in qua consuetum est ut caelum solum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1607 pluraliter significetur; sicut sunt etiam multa nomina in Latino
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1608 quae singulari carent. Basilius autem, et Damascenus sequens eum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1609 dicunt plures esse caelos. Sed haec diversitas magis est in voce
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1610 quam in re. Nam Chrysostomus unum caelum nominat totum corpus quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1611 est supra terram et aquam, nam etiam aves, quae volant in aere,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1612 dicuntur propter hoc volucres caeli. Sed quia in isto corpore sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1613 multae distinctiones, propter hoc Basilius posuit plures caelos. Ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1614 distinctionem ergo caelorum sciendam, considerandum est quod caelum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1615 tripliciter dicitur in Scripturis. Quandoque enim dicitur proprie
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1616 et naturaliter. Et sic dicitur caelum corpus aliquod sublime, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1617 luminosum actu vel potentia, et incorruptibile per naturam. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1618 secundum hoc, ponuntur tres caeli. Primum totaliter lucidum, quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1619 vocant Empyreum. Secundum totaliter diaphanum, quod vocant caelum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1620 aqueum vel crystallinum. Tertium partim diaphanum et partim lucidum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1621 actu, quod vocant caelum sidereum, et dividitur in octo sphaeras,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1622 scilicet in sphaeram stellarum fixarum, et septem sphaeras
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1623 planetarum; quae possunt dici octo caeli. Secundo dicitur caelum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1624 per participationem alicuius proprietatis caelestis corporis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1625 scilicet sublimitatis et luminositatis actu vel potentia. Et sic
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1626 totum illud spatium quod est ab aquis usque ad orbem lunae,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1627 Damascenus ponit unum caelum, nominans illud aereum. Et sic,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1628 secundum eum, sunt tres caeli, aereum, sidereum, et aliud superius,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1629 de quo intelligit quod apostolus legitur raptus usque ad tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1630 caelum. Sed quia istud spatium continet duo elementa, scilicet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1631 ignis et aeris, et in utroque eorum vocatur superior et inferior
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1632 regio; ideo istud caelum Rabanus distinguit in quatuor, supremam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1633 regionem ignis nominans caelum igneum; inferiorem vero regionem,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1634 caelum Olympium, ab altitudine cuiusdam montis qui vocatur Olympus;
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1635 supremam vero regionem aeris vocavit caelum aethereum, propter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1636 inflammationem; inferiorem vero regionem, caelum aereum. Et sic,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1637 cum isti quatuor caeli tribus superioribus connumerantur, fiunt in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1638 universo, secundum Rabanum, septem caeli corporei. Tertio dicitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1639 caelum metaphorice. Et sic quandoque ipsa sancta Trinitas dicitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1640 caelum, propter eius spiritualem sublimitatem et lucem. De quo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1641 caelo exponitur Diabolum dixisse, ascendam in caelum, idest ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1642 aequalitatem Dei. Quandoque etiam spiritualia bona in quibus est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1643 sanctorum remuneratio, propter eorum eminentiam caeli nominantur;
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1644 ubi dicitur, <i>merces vestra multa est in caelis</i>, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1645 Augustinus exponit. Quandoque vero tria genera supernaturalium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1646 visionum, scilicet corporalis, imaginariae et intellectualis tres
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1647 caeli nominantur. De quibus Augustinus exponit quod Paulus est
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1648 raptus usque ad tertium caelum.</p><p title="I q. 68 a. 4 ad 1"><a name="31298"><span class="ref">[31298] Iª q. 68 a. 4 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1649 dicendum quod terra se habet ad caelum, ut centrum ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1650 circumferentiam. Circa unum autem centrum possunt esse multae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1651 circumferentiae. Unde una terra existente, multi caeli
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1652 ponuntur.</p><p title="I q. 68 a. 4 ad 2"><a name="31299"><span class="ref">[31299] Iª q. 68 a. 4 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1653 dicendum quod ratio illa procedit de caelo, secundum quod importat
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1654 universitatem creaturarum corporalium. Sic enim est unum caelum
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1655 tantum.</p><p title="I q. 68 a. 4 ad 3"><a name="31300"><span class="ref">[31300] Iª q. 68 a. 4 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1656 dicendum quod in omnibus caelis invenitur communiter sublimitas et
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1657 aliqua luminositas, ut ex dictis patet.</p></div></div><div class="q" id="q69"><h2>Quaestio 69</h2><div class="p"><h3>Prooemium</h3><p title="I q. 69 pr."><a name="31301"><span class="ref">[31301]
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1658 Iª q. 69 pr.</span></a> Deinde considerandum est de opere
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1659 tertiae diei. Et circa hoc quaeruntur duo. Primo, de congregatione
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1660 aquarum. Secundo, de productione plantarum.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 1</h3><p title="I q. 69 a. 1 arg. 1"><a name="31302"><span class="ref">[31302] Iª q. 69 a. 1 arg. 1</span></a> Ad primum sic
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1661 proceditur. Videtur quod aquarum congregatio non convenienter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1662 dicatur facta tertia die. Ea enim quae facta sunt prima et secunda
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1663 die, verbo factionis exprimuntur, dicitur enim, <i>dixit Deus fiat
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1664 lux, et, fiat firmamentum</i>. Sed tertia dies condividitur duabus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1665 primis. Ergo opus tertiae diei debuit exprimi verbo factionis, et
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1666 non solum verbo congregationis.</p><p title="I q. 69 a. 1 arg. 2"><a name="31303"><span class="ref">[31303] Iª q. 69 a. 1 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea, terra
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1667 prius undique erat aquis cooperta, propter hoc enim invisibilis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1668 dicebatur. Non erat ergo aliquis locus super terram, in quo aquae
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1669 congregari possent.</p><p title="I q. 69 a. 1 arg. 3"><a name="31304"><span class="ref">[31304] Iª q. 69 a. 1 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea, quae
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1670 non sunt continuata ad invicem, non habent unum locum. Sed non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1671 omnes aquae habent ad invicem continuitatem. Ergo non sunt omnes
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1672 aquae congregatae in unum locum.</p><p title="I q. 69 a. 1 arg. 4"><a name="31305"><span class="ref">[31305] Iª q. 69 a. 1 arg. 4</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1673 congregatio ad motum localem pertinet. Sed aquae naturaliter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1674 videntur fluentes, et ad mare currentes. Non ergo fuit necessarium
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1675 ad hoc divinum praeceptum adhiberi.</p><p title="I q. 69 a. 1 arg. 5"><a name="31306"><span class="ref">[31306] Iª q. 69 a. 1 arg. 5</span></a> Praeterea, terra
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1676 etiam in principio suae creationis nominatur, cum dicitur, <i>in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1677 principio creavit Deus caelum et terram</i>. Inconvenienter ergo
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1678 dicitur tertia die nomen terrae impositum.</p><p title="I q. 69 a. 1 s. c."><a name="31307"><span class="ref">[31307] Iª q. 69 a. 1 s. c.</span></a> Sed in contrarium
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1679 sufficit auctoritas Scripturae.</p><p title="I q. 69 a. 1 co."><a name="31308"><span class="ref">[31308] Iª q. 69 a. 1 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1680 quod hic oportet aliter dicere secundum expositionem Augustini, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1681 aliorum sanctorum. Augustinus enim in omnibus his operibus non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1682 ponit durationis ordinem, sed solum originis et naturae. Dicit enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1683 primo creatam naturam spiritualem informem, et naturam corporalem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1684 absque omni forma (quam dicit primo significari nomine terrae et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1685 aquae), non quia haec informitas formationem praecesserit tempore,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1686 sed origine tantum. Neque una formatio, secundum eum, praecessit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1687 aliam duratione; sed solum naturae ordine. Secundum quem ordinem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1688 necesse fuit ut primo poneretur formatio supremae naturae, scilicet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1689 spiritualis, per hoc quod legitur prima die lux facta. Sicut autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1690 spiritualis natura praeeminet corporali, ita superiora corpora
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1691 praeeminent inferioribus. Unde secundo loco tangitur formatio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1692 superiorum corporum, cum dicitur, fiat firmamentum; per quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1693 intelligitur impressio formae caelestis in materiam informem, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1694 prius existentem tempore, sed origine tantum. Tertio vero loco
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1695 ponitur impressio formarum elementarium in materiam informem, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1696 tempore, sed origine praecedentem. Unde per hoc quod dicitur,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1697 <i>congregentur aquae, et appareat arida</i>, intelligitur quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1698 materiae corporali impressa est forma substantialis aquae, per quam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1699 competit sibi talis motus; et forma substantialis terrae, per quam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1700 competit sibi sic videri. Sed secundum alios sanctos, in his
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1701 operibus etiam ordo durationis attenditur, ponunt enim quod,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1702 informitas materiae tempore praecessit formationem, et una formatio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1703 aliam. Sed informitas materiae, secundum eos, non intelligitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1704 carentia omnis formae quia iam erat caelum et aqua et terra (quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1705 tria nominantur tanquam manifeste sensu perceptibilia), sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1706 intelligitur informitas materiae carentia debitae distinctionis, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1707 consummatae cuiusdam pulchritudinis. Et secundum haec tria nomina,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1708 posuit Scriptura tres informitates. Ad caelum enim, quod est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1709 superius, pertinet informitas tenebrarum, quia ex eo est origo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1710 luminis. Informitas vero aquae, quae est media, significatur nomine
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1711 abyssi, quia hoc nomen significat quandam immensitatem inordinatam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1712 aquarum, ut Augustinus dicit, contra Faustum. Informitas vero
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1713 terrae tangitur in hoc quod dicitur, quod terra erat invisibilis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1714 vel inanis, per hoc quod erat aquis cooperta. Sic igitur formatio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1715 supremi corporis facta est prima die. Et quia tempus sequitur motum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1716 caeli, tempus autem est numerus motus supremi corporis; per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1717 huiusmodi formationem facta est distinctio temporis, noctis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1718 scilicet et diei. Secundo vero die formatum est medium corpus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1719 scilicet aqua, per firmamentum accipiens quandam distinctionem et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1720 ordinem (ita quod sub nomine aquae etiam alia comprehenduntur, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1721 supra dictum est). Tertio vero die formatum est ultimum corpus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1722 scilicet terra, per hoc quod discooperta est aquis; et facta est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1723 distinctio in infimo, quae dicitur terrae et maris. Unde satis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1724 congrue, sicut informitatem terrae expresserat dicens quod terra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1725 erat invisibilis vel inanis, ita eius formationem exprimit per hoc
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1726 quod dicit, et appareat arida.</p><p title="I q. 69 a. 1 ad 1"><a name="31309"><span class="ref">[31309] Iª q. 69 a. 1 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1727 dicendum quod, secundum Augustinum, ideo in opere tertiae diei non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1728 utitur Scriptura verbo factionis, sicut in praecedentibus operibus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1729 ut ostendatur quod superiores formae, scilicet spirituales
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1730 Angelorum, et caelestium corporum, sunt perfectae in esse et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1731 stabiles; formae vero inferiorum corporum sunt imperfectae et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1732 mobiles. Et ideo per congregationem aquarum et apparentiam aridae,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1733 impressio talium formarum designatur, <i>aqua enim est labiliter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1734 fluxa, terra stabiliter fixa</i>, ut ipse dicit in II super Gen. ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1735 Litt. Secundum vero alios, dicendum est quod opus tertiae diei est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1736 perfectum secundum solum motum localem. Et ideo non oportuit quod
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1737 Scriptura uteretur verbo factionis.</p><p title="I q. 69 a. 1 ad 2"><a name="31310"><span class="ref">[31310] Iª q. 69 a. 1 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum patet
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1738 solutio secundum Augustinum, quia non oportet dicere quod terra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1739 primo esset cooperta aquis, et postmodum sint aquae congregatae;
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1740 sed quod in tali congregatione fuerunt productae. Secundum vero
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1741 alios, tripliciter respondetur, ut Augustinus dicit, I super Gen.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1742 ad Litt. Uno modo, ut aquae in maiorem altitudinem sint elevatae in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1743 loco ubi sunt congregatae. Nam mare esse altius terra experimento
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1744 compertum est in mari rubro, ut Basilius dicit. Secundo, ut dicatur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1745 quod <i>rarior aqua velut nebula, terras tegebat, quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1746 congregatione densata est</i>. Tertio modo, ut dicatur quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1747 <i>terra potuit aliquas partes praebere concavas, quibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1748 confluentes aquae reciperentur</i>. Inter quas prima videtur
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1749 probabilior.</p><p title="I q. 69 a. 1 ad 3"><a name="31311"><span class="ref">[31311] Iª q. 69 a. 1 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1750 dicendum quod omnes aquae unum terminum habent, scilicet mare, in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1751 quod confluunt vel manifestis vel occultis meatibus. Et propter hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1752 dicuntur aquae congregari in unum locum. Vel dicit unum locum, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1753 simpliciter, sed per comparationem ad locum terrae siccae; ut sit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1754 sensus, congregentur aquae in unum locum, idest, seorsum a terra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1755 sicca. Nam ad designandam pluralitatem locorum aquae, subdit quod
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1756 congregationes aquarum appellavit maria.</p><p title="I q. 69 a. 1 ad 4"><a name="31312"><span class="ref">[31312] Iª q. 69 a. 1 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1757 dicendum quod iussio Dei naturalem motum corporibus praebet. Unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1758 dicitur quod suis naturalibus motibus faciunt verbum eius. Vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1759 potest dici quod naturale esset quod aqua undique esset circa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1760 terram, sicut aer undique est circa aquam et terram; sed propter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1761 necessitatem finis, ut scilicet animalia et plantae essent super
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1762 terram, oportuit quod aliqua pars terrae esset discooperta aquis.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1763 Quod quidem aliqui philosophi attribuunt actioni solis, per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1764 elevationem vaporum desiccantis terram. Sed sacra Scriptura
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1765 attribuit hoc potestati divinae, non solum in Genesi, sed etiam in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1766 Iob XXXVIII, ubi ex persona domini dicitur, <i>circumdedi mare
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1767 terminis meis; et</i> Ierem. V, <i>me ergo non timebitis, ait
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1768 dominus, qui posui arenam terminum mari?</i></p><p title="I q. 69 a. 1 ad 5"><a name="31313"><span class="ref">[31313] Iª q. 69 a. 1 ad 5</span></a> Ad quintum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1769 dicendum quod, secundum Augustinum, per terram de qua primo fiebat
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1770 mentio, intelligitur materia prima, nunc autem intelligitur ipsum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1771 elementum terrae. Vel potest dici, secundum Basilium, quod primo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1772 nominabatur terra secundum naturam suam, nunc autem nominatur ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1773 sua principali proprietate, quae est siccitas. Unde dicitur quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1774 vocavit aridam, terram. Vel potest dici, secundum Rabbi Moysen,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1775 quod ubicumque dicitur vocavit, significatur aequivocatio nominis.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1776 Unde prius dictum est quod vocavit lucem, diem, propter hoc quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1777 etiam dies vocatur spatium vigintiquatuor horarum, secundum quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1778 ibidem dicitur, factum est vespere et mane dies unus. Similiter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1779 dicitur quod firmamentum, idest aerem, vocavit caelum, quia etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1780 caelum dicitur quod est primo creatum. Similiter etiam dicitur hic
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1781 quod aridam, idest illam partem quae est discooperta aquis, vocavit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1782 terram, prout distinguitur contra mare, quamvis communi nomine
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1783 terra vocetur, sive sit aquis cooperta, sive discooperta.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1784 Intelligitur autem ubique per hoc quod dicitur vocavit, idest,
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1785 dedit naturam vel proprietatem ut possit sic vocari.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 2</h3><p title="I q. 69 a. 2 arg. 1"><a name="31314"><span class="ref">[31314] Iª q. 69 a. 2 arg. 1</span></a> Ad secundum sic
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1786 proceditur. Videtur quod plantarum productio inconvenienter tertia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1787 die facta legatur. Plantae enim habent vitam sicut et animalia. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1788 productio animalium non ponitur inter opera distinctionis, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1789 pertinet ad opus ornatus. Ergo nec productio plantarum commemorari
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1790 debuit in tertia die, quae pertinet ad opus distinctionis.</p><p title="I q. 69 a. 2 arg. 2"><a name="31315"><span class="ref">[31315] Iª q. 69 a. 2 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea, illud
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1791 quod pertinet ad maledictionem terrae, non debuit commemorari cum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1792 formatione terrae. Sed productio quarundam plantarum pertinet ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1793 maledictionem terrae; secundum illud Gen. III, <i>maledicta terra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1794 in opere tuo, spinas et tribulos germinabit tibi</i>. Ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1795 productio plantarum universaliter non debuit commemorari in tertia
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1796 die, quae pertinet ad formationem terrae.</p><p title="I q. 69 a. 2 arg. 3"><a name="31316"><span class="ref">[31316] Iª q. 69 a. 2 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea, sicut
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1797 plantae adhaerent terrae, ita etiam lapides et metalla; et tamen
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1798 non fit mentio de eis in terrae formatione. Ergo nec plantae fieri
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1799 debuerunt tertia die.</p><p title="I q. 69 a. 2 s. c."><a name="31317"><span class="ref">[31317] Iª q. 69 a. 2 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1800 quod dicitur Gen. I, <i>protulit terra herbam virentem</i>; et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1801 postea sequitur, <i>factum est vespere et mane dies
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1802 tertius</i>.</p><p title="I q. 69 a. 2 co."><a name="31318"><span class="ref">[31318] Iª q. 69 a. 2 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1803 quod, sicut supra dictum est, in tertia die informitas terrae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1804 removetur. Duplex autem informitas circa terram describebatur, una,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1805 quod erat invisibilis vel inanis, quia erat aquis cooperta; alia,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1806 quod erat incomposita sive vacua, idest non habens debitum decorem,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1807 qui acquiritur terrae ex plantis eam quodammodo vestientibus. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1808 ideo utraque informitas in hac tertia die removetur, prima quidem,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1809 per hoc quod aquae congregatae sunt in unum locum, et apparuit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1810 arida; secunda vero, per hoc quod protulit terra herbam virentem.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1811 Sed tamen circa productionem plantarum, aliter opinatur Augustinus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1812 ab aliis. Alii enim expositores dicunt quod plantae productae sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1813 actu in suis speciebus in hac tertia die, secundum quod superficies
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1814 litterae sonat. Augustinus autem, V Sup. Gen. ad Litt., dicit quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1815 <i>causaliter tunc dictum est produxisse terram herbam et lignum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1816 idest producendi accepisse virtutem</i>. Et hoc quidem confirmat
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1817 auctoritate Scripturae. Dicitur enim Gen. II, <i>istae sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1818 generationes caeli et terrae, quando creata sunt, in die quo Deus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1819 fecit caelum et terram, et omne virgultum agri, antequam oriretur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1820 in terra, omnemque herbam regionis, priusquam germinaret</i>. Ante
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1821 ergo quam orirentur super terram, factae sunt causaliter in terra.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1822 Confirmat autem hoc etiam ratione. Quia in illis primis diebus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1823 condidit Deus creaturam originaliter vel causaliter, a quo opere
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1824 postmodum requievit, qui tamen postmodum, secundum administrationem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1825 rerum conditarum per opus propagationis, usque modo operatur.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1826 Producere autem plantas ex terra, ad opus propagationis pertinet.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1827 Non ergo in tertia die productae sunt plantae in actu, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1828 causaliter tantum. Quamvis, secundum alios, dici possit quod prima
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1829 institutio specierum ad opera sex dierum pertinet, sed quod ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1830 speciebus primo institutis generatio similium in specie procedat,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1831 hoc iam pertinet ad rerum administrationem. Et hoc est quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1832 Scriptura dicit, antequam oriretur super terram, vel antequam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1833 germinaret; idest, antequam ex similibus similia producerentur,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1834 sicut nunc naturaliter fieri videmus secundum viam seminationis.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1835 Unde signanter Scriptura dicit, germinet terra herbam virentem et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1836 facientem semen, quia scilicet sunt productae perfectae species
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1837 plantarum, ex quibus semina aliarum orirentur. Nec refert ubicumque
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1838 habeant vim seminativam, utrum scilicet in radice, vel in stipite,
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1839 vel in fructu.</p><p title="I q. 69 a. 2 ad 1"><a name="31319"><span class="ref">[31319] Iª q. 69 a. 2 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1840 dicendum quod vita in plantis est occulta, quia carent motu locali
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1841 et sensu, quibus animatum ab inanimato maxime distinguitur. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1842 ideo, quia immobiliter terrae inhaerent, earum productio ponitur
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1843 quasi quaedam terrae formatio.</p><p title="I q. 69 a. 2 ad 2"><a name="31320"><span class="ref">[31320] Iª q. 69 a. 2 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1844 dicendum quod etiam ante illam maledictionem, spinae et tribuli
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1845 producti erant vel virtute vel actu. Sed non erant producti homini
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1846 in poenam; ut scilicet terra quam propter cibum coleret,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1847 infructuosa quaedam et noxia germinaret. Unde dictum est,
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1848 <i>germinabit tibi</i>.</p><p title="I q. 69 a. 2 ad 3"><a name="31321"><span class="ref">[31321] Iª q. 69 a. 2 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1849 dicendum quod Moyses ea tantum proposuit quae in manifesto
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1850 apparent, sicut iam dictum est. Corpora autem mineralia habent
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1851 generationem occultam in visceribus terrae. Et iterum, non habent
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1852 manifestam distinctionem a terra, sed quaedam terrae species
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1853 videntur. Et ideo de eis mentionem non fecit.</p></div></div><div class="q" id="q70"><h2>Quaestio 70</h2><div class="p"><h3>Prooemium</h3><p title="I q. 70 pr."><a name="31322"><span class="ref">[31322]
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1854 Iª q. 70 pr.</span></a> Consequenter considerandum est de
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1855 opere ornatus. Et primo, de singulis diebus secundum se; secundo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1856 de omnibus sex diebus in communi. Circa primum ergo, considerandum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1857 est primo de opere quartae diei, secundo, de opere quintae; tertio,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1858 de opere sextae; quarto, de iis quae pertinent ad septimum diem.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1859 Circa primum quaeruntur tria. Primo, de productione luminarium.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1860 Secundo, de fine productionis eorum. Tertio, utrum sint
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1861 animata.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 1</h3><p title="I q. 70 a. 1 arg. 1"><a name="31323"><span class="ref">[31323] Iª q. 70 a. 1 arg. 1</span></a> Ad primum sic
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1862 proceditur. Videtur quod luminaria non debuerint produci quarta
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1863 die. Luminaria enim sunt corpora incorruptibilia naturaliter. Ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1864 eorum materia non potest esse absque formis eorum. Sed eorum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1865 materia producta est in opere creationis, ante omnem diem. Ergo et
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1866 eorum formae. Non ergo sunt facta quarta die.</p><p title="I q. 70 a. 1 arg. 2"><a name="31324"><span class="ref">[31324] Iª q. 70 a. 1 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1867 luminaria sunt quasi vasa luminis. Sed lux est facta prima die.
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1868 Ergo luminaria fieri debuerunt prima die, et non quarta.</p><p title="I q. 70 a. 1 arg. 3"><a name="31325"><span class="ref">[31325] Iª q. 70 a. 1 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea, sicut
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1869 plantae fixae sunt in terra, ita luminaria fixa sunt in firmamento,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1870 unde Scriptura dicit quod posuit ea in firmamento. Sed productio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1871 plantarum simul describitur cum formatione terrae, cui inhaerent.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1872 Ergo et productio luminarium simul debuit poni, secunda die, cum
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1873 productione firmamenti.</p><p title="I q. 70 a. 1 arg. 4"><a name="31326"><span class="ref">[31326] Iª q. 70 a. 1 arg. 4</span></a> Praeterea, sol
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1874 et luna et alia luminaria sunt causae plantarum. Sed naturali
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1875 ordine causa praecedit effectum. Ergo luminaria non debuerunt fieri
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1876 quarta die, sed tertia vel ante.</p><p title="I q. 70 a. 1 arg. 5"><a name="31327"><span class="ref">[31327] Iª q. 70 a. 1 arg. 5</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1877 multae stellae, secundum astrologos, sunt luna maiores. Non ergo
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1878 tantum sol et luna debuerunt poni duo magna luminaria.</p><p title="I q. 70 a. 1 s. c."><a name="31328"><span class="ref">[31328] Iª q. 70 a. 1 s. c.</span></a> Sed in contrarium
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1879 sufficit auctoritas Scripturae.</p><p title="I q. 70 a. 1 co."><a name="31329"><span class="ref">[31329] Iª q. 70 a. 1 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1880 quod in recapitulatione divinorum operum, Scriptura sic dicit,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1881 <i>igitur perfecti sunt caeli et terra, et omnis ornatus eorum</i>.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1882 In quibus verbis triplex opus intelligi potest, scilicet opus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1883 creationis, per quod caelum et terra producta leguntur, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1884 informia. Et opus distinctionis, per quod caelum et terra sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1885 perfecta, sive per formas substantiales attributas materiae omnino
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1886 informi, ut Augustinus vult; sive quantum ad convenientem decorem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1887 et ordinem, ut alii sancti dicunt. Et his duobus operibus additur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1888 ornatus. Et differt ornatus a perfectione. Nam perfectio caeli et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1889 terrae ad ea pertinere videtur quae caelo et terrae sunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1890 intrinseca, ornatus vero ad ea quae sunt a caelo et terra
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1891 distincta. Sicut homo perficitur per proprias partes et formas,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1892 ornatur autem per vestimenta, vel aliquid huiusmodi. Distinctio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1893 autem aliquorum maxime manifestatur per motum localem, quo ab
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1894 invicem separantur. Et ideo ad opus ornatus pertinet productio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1895 illarum rerum quae habent motum in caelo et in terra. Sicut autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1896 supra dictum est, de tribus fit mentio in creatione, scilicet de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1897 caelo et aqua et terra. Et haec tria etiam formantur per opus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1898 distinctionis tribus diebus, primo die, caelum; secundo die
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1899 distinguuntur aquae; tertio die fit distinctio in terra, maris et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1900 aridae. Et similiter in opere ornatus, primo die, qui est quartus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1901 producuntur luminaria, quae moventur in caelo, ad ornatum ipsius.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1902 Secundo die, qui est quintus, aves et pisces, ad ornatum medii
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1903 elementi, quia habent motum in aere et aqua, quae pro uno
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1904 accipiuntur. Tertio die, qui est sextus, producuntur animalia quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1905 habent motum in terra, ad ornatum ipsius. Sed sciendum est quod in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1906 productione luminarium non discordat Augustinus ab aliis sanctis.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1907 Dicit enim luminaria esse facta in actu, non in virtute tantum, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1908 enim habet firmamentum virtutem productivam luminarium, sicut habet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1909 terra virtutem productivam plantarum. Unde Scriptura non dicit,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1910 producat firmamentum luminaria; sicut dicit, germinet terra herbam
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1911 virentem.</p><p title="I q. 70 a. 1 ad 1"><a name="31330"><span class="ref">[31330] Iª q. 70 a. 1 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1912 dicendum quod, secundum Augustinum, nulla difficultas ex hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1913 oritur. Non enim ponit successionem temporis in istis operibus, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1914 ideo non oportet dicere quod materia luminarium fuerit sub alia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1915 forma. Secundum etiam eos qui ponunt caelestia corpora ex natura
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1916 quatuor elementorum, nulla difficultas accidit, quia potest dici
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1917 quod sunt formata ex praeiacenti materia, sicut animalia et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1918 plantae. Sed secundum eos qui ponunt corpora caelestia esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1919 alterius naturae ab elementis et incorruptibilia per naturam,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1920 oportet dicere quod substantia luminarium a principio fuit creata;
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1921 sed prius erat informis, et nunc formatur; non quidem forma
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1922 substantiali, sed per collationem determinatae virtutis. Ideo tamen
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1923 non fit mentio a principio de eis, sed solum quarta die, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1924 Chrysostomus dicit, ut per hoc removeat populum ab idololatria,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1925 ostendens luminaria non esse deos, ex quo nec a principio
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1926 fuerunt.</p><p title="I q. 70 a. 1 ad 2"><a name="31331"><span class="ref">[31331] Iª q. 70 a. 1 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1927 dicendum quod, secundum Augustinum, nulla sequitur difficultas,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1928 quia lux de qua prima die facta est mentio, fuit lux spiritualis;
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1929 nunc autem fit lux corporalis. Si autem lux primo die facta
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1930 intelligitur lux corporalis, oportet dicere quod lux primo die fuit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1931 producta secundum communem lucis naturam, quarto autem die
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1932 attributa est luminaribus determinata virtus ad determinatos
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1933 effectus; secundum quod videmus alios effectus habere radium solis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1934 et alios radium lunae, et sic de aliis. Et propter hanc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1935 determinationem virtutis, dicit Dionysius, IV cap. de Div. Nom.,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1936 quod lumen solis, quod primo erat informe, quarto die formatum
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1937 est.</p><p title="I q. 70 a. 1 ad 3"><a name="31332"><span class="ref">[31332] Iª q. 70 a. 1 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1938 dicendum quod, secundum Ptolomaeum, luminaria non sunt fixa in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1939 sphaeris, sed habent motum seorsum a motu sphaerarum. Unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1940 Chrysostomus dicit quod non ideo dicitur quod posuit ea in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1941 firmamento, quia ibi sint fixa; sed quia iusserit ut ibi essent;
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1942 sicut posuit hominem in Paradiso, ut ibi esset. Sed secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1943 opinionem Aristotelis, stellae fixae sunt in orbibus, et non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1944 moventur nisi motu orbium, secundum rei veritatem. Tamen motus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1945 luminarium sensu percipitur, non autem motus sphaerarum. Moyses
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1946 autem, rudi populo condescendens, secutus est quae sensibiliter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1947 apparent, ut dictum est. Si autem sit aliud firmamentum quod factum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1948 est secunda die, ab eo in quo posita sunt sidera, secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1949 distinctionem naturae, licet sensus non discernat, quem Moyses
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1950 sequitur, ut dictum est; cessat obiectio. Nam firmamentum factum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1951 est secunda die, quantum ad inferiorem partem. In firmamento autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1952 posita sunt sidera quarta die, quantum ad superiorem partem; ut
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1953 totum pro uno accipiatur, secundum quod sensui apparet.</p><p title="I q. 70 a. 1 ad 4"><a name="31333"><span class="ref">[31333] Iª q. 70 a. 1 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1954 dicendum quod, sicut dicit Basilius, praemittitur productio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1955 plantarum luminaribus, ad excludendam idololatriam. Qui enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1956 credunt luminaria esse deos, dicunt quod primordialem originem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1957 habent plantae a luminaribus. Quamvis, ut Chrysostomus dicit, sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1958 agricola cooperatur ad productionem plantarum, ita etiam et
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1959 luminaria per suos motus.</p><p title="I q. 70 a. 1 ad 5"><a name="31334"><span class="ref">[31334] Iª q. 70 a. 1 ad 5</span></a> Ad quintum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1960 dicendum quod, sicut Chrysostomus dicit, dicuntur duo luminaria
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1961 magna non tam quantitate, quam efficacia et virtute. Quia etsi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1962 aliae stellae sint maiores quantitate quam luna, tamen effectus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1963 lunae magis sentitur in istis inferioribus. Et etiam secundum
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1964 sensum maior apparet.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 2</h3><p title="I q. 70 a. 2 arg. 1"><a name="31335"><span class="ref">[31335] Iª q. 70 a. 2 arg. 1</span></a> Ad secundum sic
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1965 proceditur. Videtur quod inconvenienter causa productionis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1966 luminarium describatur. Dicitur enim Ierem. X, <i>a signis caeli
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1967 nolite metuere, quae gentes timent</i>. Non ergo luminaria in signa
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1968 facta sunt.</p><p title="I q. 70 a. 2 arg. 2"><a name="31336"><span class="ref">[31336] Iª q. 70 a. 2 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1969 signum contra causam dividitur. Sed luminaria sunt causa eorum quae
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1970 hic aguntur. Ergo non sunt signa.</p><p title="I q. 70 a. 2 arg. 3"><a name="31337"><span class="ref">[31337] Iª q. 70 a. 2 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1971 distinctio temporum et dierum incoepit a primo die. Non ergo facta
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1972 sunt luminaria in tempora et dies et annos, idest in horum
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1973 distinctionem.</p><p title="I q. 70 a. 2 arg. 4"><a name="31338"><span class="ref">[31338] Iª q. 70 a. 2 arg. 4</span></a> Praeterea, nihil
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1974 fit propter vilius se, quia finis est melior iis quae sunt ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1975 finem. Sed luminaria sunt meliora quam terra. Non ergo facta sunt
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1976 ut illuminent terram.</p><p title="I q. 70 a. 2 arg. 5"><a name="31339"><span class="ref">[31339] Iª q. 70 a. 2 arg. 5</span></a> Praeterea, luna
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1977 non praeest nocti quando est prima. Probabile autem est quod luna
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1978 facta fuerit prima, sic enim homines incipiunt computare. Ergo luna
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1979 non est facta ut praesit nocti.</p><p title="I q. 70 a. 2 s. c."><a name="31340"><span class="ref">[31340] Iª q. 70 a. 2 s. c.</span></a> In contrarium
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	1980 sufficit auctoritas Scripturae.</p><p title="I q. 70 a. 2 co."><a name="31341"><span class="ref">[31341] Iª q. 70 a. 2 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1981 quod, sicut dictum est supra, creatura aliqua corporalis potest
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1982 dici esse facta vel propter actum proprium, vel propter aliam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1983 creaturam, vel propter totum universum, vel propter gloriam Dei.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1984 Sed Moyses, ut populum ab idololatria revocaret, illam solam causam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1985 tetigit, secundum quod sunt facta ad utilitatem hominum. Unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1986 dicitur Deut. IV, <i>ne forte, elevatis oculis ad caelum, videas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1987 solem et lunam et omnia astra caeli, et errore deceptus adores ea
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1988 et colas, quae creavit dominus Deus in ministerium cunctis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1989 gentibus</i>. Hoc autem ministerium explicat in principio Genesis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1990 per tria. Primo enim provenit utilitas hominibus ex luminaribus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1991 quantum ad visum, qui est directivus in operibus, et maxime utilis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1992 ad cognoscendas res. Et quantum ad hoc, dicit, <i>ut luceant in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1993 firmamento, et illuminent terram</i>. Secundo, quantum ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1994 vicissitudines temporum, quibus et fastidium tollitur et valetudo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1995 conservatur, et necessaria victui oriuntur quae non essent, si
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1996 semper esset aut aestas aut hiems. Et quantum ad hoc, dicit, <i>ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1997 sint in tempora et dies et annos</i>. Tertio, quantum ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1998 opportunitatem negotiorum et operum, inquantum ex luminaribus caeli
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	1999 accipitur significatio pluviosi temporis vel sereni quae sunt apta
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2000 diversis negotiis. Et quantum ad hoc dicit, <i>ut sint in
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2001 signa</i>.</p><p title="I q. 70 a. 2 ad 1"><a name="31342"><span class="ref">[31342] Iª q. 70 a. 2 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2002 dicendum quod luminaria sunt in signa corporalium transmutationum,
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2003 non autem eorum quae dependent ex libero arbitrio.</p><p title="I q. 70 a. 2 ad 2"><a name="31343"><span class="ref">[31343] Iª q. 70 a. 2 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2004 dicendum quod per causam sensibilem quandoque ducimur in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2005 cognitionem effectus occulti, sicut et e converso. Unde nihil
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2006 prohibet causam sensibilem esse signum. Ideo tamen potius dicit
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2007 signa quam causas, ut occasionem idololatriae tolleret.</p><p title="I q. 70 a. 2 ad 3"><a name="31344"><span class="ref">[31344] Iª q. 70 a. 2 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2008 dicendum quod in prima die facta est communis distinctio temporis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2009 per diem et noctem, secundum motum diurnum, qui est communis totius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2010 caeli; qui potest intelligi incoepisse primo die. Sed speciales
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2011 distinctiones dierum et temporum, secundum quod dies est calidior
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2012 die, et tempus tempore, et annus anno, fiunt secundum speciales
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2013 motus stellarum; qui possunt intelligi quarto die incoepisse.</p><p title="I q. 70 a. 2 ad 4"><a name="31345"><span class="ref">[31345] Iª q. 70 a. 2 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2014 dicendum quod in illuminatione terrae intelligitur utilitas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2015 hominis, qui secundum animam praefertur corporibus luminarium.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2016 Nihil tamen prohibet dici quod dignior creatura facta est propter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2017 inferiorem, non secundum quod in se consideratur sed secundum quod
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2018 ordinatur ad integritatem universi.</p><p title="I q. 70 a. 2 ad 5"><a name="31346"><span class="ref">[31346] Iª q. 70 a. 2 ad 5</span></a> Ad quintum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2019 dicendum quod luna, quando est perfecta, oritur vespere et occidit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2020 mane, et sic praeest nocti. Et satis probabile est quod luna fuerit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2021 facta plena; sicut et herbae factae sunt in sua perfectione,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2022 facientes semen, et similiter animalia et homo. Licet enim naturali
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2023 processu ab imperfecto ad perfectum deveniatur, simpliciter tamen
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2024 perfectum prius est imperfecto. Augustinus tamen hoc non asserit,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2025 quia dicit non esse inconveniens quod Deus imperfecta fecerit, quae
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2026 postmodum ipse perfecit.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 3</h3><p title="I q. 70 a. 3 arg. 1"><a name="31347"><span class="ref">[31347] Iª q. 70 a. 3 arg. 1</span></a> Ad tertium sic
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2027 proceditur. Videtur quod luminaria caeli sint animata. Superius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2028 enim corpus nobilioribus ornamentis ornari debet. Sed ea quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2029 pertinent ad ornatum inferiorum corporum, sunt animata; scilicet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2030 pisces, aves et terrestria animalia. Ergo et luminaria, quae
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2031 pertinent ad ornatum caeli.</p><p title="I q. 70 a. 3 arg. 2"><a name="31348"><span class="ref">[31348] Iª q. 70 a. 3 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2032 nobilioris corporis nobilior est forma. Sed sol et luna et alia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2033 luminaria sunt nobiliora quam corpora plantarum et animalium. Ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2034 habent nobiliorem formam. Nobilissima autem forma est anima, quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2035 est principium vitae, quia, ut Augustinus dicit in libro de vera
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2036 Relig., <i>quaelibet substantia vivens naturae ordine praefertur
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2037 substantiae non viventi</i>. Ergo luminaria caeli sunt animata.</p><p title="I q. 70 a. 3 arg. 3"><a name="31349"><span class="ref">[31349] Iª q. 70 a. 3 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea, causa
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2038 nobilior est effectu. Sed sol et luna et alia luminaria sunt causa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2039 vitae, ut patet maxime in animalibus ex putrefactione generatis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2040 quae virtute solis et stellarum vitam consequuntur. Ergo multo
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2041 magis corpora caelestia vivunt et sunt animata.</p><p title="I q. 70 a. 3 arg. 4"><a name="31350"><span class="ref">[31350] Iª q. 70 a. 3 arg. 4</span></a> Praeterea, motus
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2042 caeli et caelestium corporum sunt naturales, ut patet in I de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2043 caelo. Motus autem naturalis est a principio intrinseco. Cum igitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2044 principium motus caelestium corporum sit aliqua substantia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2045 apprehensiva, quae movetur sicut desiderans a desiderato, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2046 dicitur in XII Metaphys.; videtur quod principium apprehendens sit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2047 principium intrinsecum corporibus caelestibus. Ergo sunt
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2048 animata.</p><p title="I q. 70 a. 3 arg. 5"><a name="31351"><span class="ref">[31351] Iª q. 70 a. 3 arg. 5</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2049 primum mobile est caelum. In genere autem mobilium, primum est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2050 movens seipsum, ut probatur in VIII Physic., quia quod est per se,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2051 prius est eo quod est per aliud. Sola autem animata movent seipsa,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2052 ut in eodem libro ostenditur. Ergo corpora caelestia sunt
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2053 animata.</p><p title="I q. 70 a. 3 s. c."><a name="31352"><span class="ref">[31352] Iª q. 70 a. 3 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2054 quod Damascenus dicit in libro II, <i>nullus animatos caelos vel
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2055 luminaria aestimet; inanimati enim sunt et insensibiles</i>.</p><p title="I q. 70 a. 3 co."><a name="31353"><span class="ref">[31353] Iª q. 70 a. 3 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2056 quod circa istam quaestionem apud philosophos fuit diversa opinio.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2057 Anaxagoras enim, ut Augustinus refert Lib. XVIII de Civ. Dei,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2058 <i>factus est reus apud Athenienses, quia dixit solem esse lapidem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2059 ardentem, negans utique ipsum esse Deum</i>, vel aliquid animatum.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2060 Platonici vero posuerunt corpora caelestia animata. Similiter etiam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2061 apud doctores fidei, fuit circa hoc diversa opinio. Origenes enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2062 posuit corpora caelestia animata. Hieronymus etiam idem sentire
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2063 videtur, exponens illud Eccle. I, <i>lustrans universa, per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2064 circuitum pergit spiritus</i>. Basilius vero et Damascenus asserunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2065 corpora caelestia non esse animata. Augustinus vero sub dubio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2066 dereliquit, in neutram partem declinans, ut patet in II supra Gen.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2067 ad Litt.; et in Enchirid., ubi etiam dicit quod, si sunt animata
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2068 caelestia corpora, pertinent ad societatem Angelorum eorum animae.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2069 In hac autem opinionum diversitate, ut veritas aliquatenus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2070 innotescat, considerandum est quod unio animae et corporis non est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2071 propter corpus, sed propter animam, non enim forma est propter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2072 materiam, sed e converso. Natura autem et virtus animae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2073 deprehenditur ex eius operatione, quae etiam quodammodo est finis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2074 eius. Invenitur autem corpus necessarium ad aliquam operationem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2075 animae, quae mediante corpore exercetur; sicut patet in operibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2076 animae sensitivae et nutritivae. Unde necesse est tales animas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2077 unitas esse corporibus propter suas operationes. Est autem aliqua
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2078 operatio animae, quae non exercetur corpore mediante, sed tamen ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2079 corpore aliquod adminiculum tali operationi exhibetur; sicut per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2080 corpus exhibentur animae humanae phantasmata, quibus indiget ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2081 intelligendum. Unde etiam talem animam necesse est corpori uniri
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2082 propter suam operationem, licet contingat ipsam separari.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2083 Manifestum est autem quod anima caelestis corporis non potest
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2084 habere operationes nutritivae animae, quae sunt nutrire, augere et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2085 generare, huiusmodi enim operationes non competunt corpori
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2086 incorruptibili per naturam. Similiter etiam nec operationes animae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2087 sensitivae corpori caelesti conveniunt, quia omnes sensus fundantur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2088 super tactum, qui est apprehensivus qualitatum elementarium. Omnia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2089 etiam organa potentiarum sensitivarum requirunt determinatam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2090 proportionem secundum commixtionem aliquam elementorum, a quorum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2091 natura corpora caelestia ponuntur remota. Relinquitur ergo quod de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2092 operationibus animae nulla potest competere animae caelesti nisi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2093 duae, intelligere et movere, nam appetere consequitur sensum et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2094 intellectum, et cum utroque ordinatur. Intellectualis autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2095 operatio, cum non exerceatur per corpus, non indiget corpore nisi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2096 inquantum ei per sensus ministrantur phantasmata. Operationes autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2097 sensitivae animae corporibus caelestibus non conveniunt, ut dictum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2098 est. Sic igitur propter operationem intellectualem, anima caelesti
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2099 corpori non uniretur. Relinquitur ergo quod propter solam motionem.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2100 Ad hoc autem quod moveat, non oportet quod uniatur ei ut forma; sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2101 per contactum virtutis, sicut motor unitur mobili. Unde
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2102 Aristoteles, libro VIII Physic., postquam ostendit quod primum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2103 movens seipsum componitur ex duabus partibus, quarum una est movens
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2104 et alia mota; assignans quomodo hae duae partes uniantur, dicit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2105 quod per contactum vel duorum ad invicem, si utrumque sit corpus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2106 vel unius ad alterum et non e converso, si unum sit corpus et aliud
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2107 non corpus. Platonici etiam animas corporibus uniri non ponebant
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2108 nisi per contactum virtutis, sicut motor mobili. Et sic per hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2109 quod Plato ponit corpora caelestia animata, nihil aliud datur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2110 intelligi, quam quod substantiae spirituales uniuntur corporibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2111 caelestibus ut motores mobilibus. Quod autem corpora caelestia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2112 moveantur ab aliqua substantia apprehendente, et non solum a
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2113 natura, sicut gravia et levia, patet ex hoc, quod natura non movet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2114 nisi ad unum, quo habito quiescit, quod in motu corporum caelestium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2115 non apparet. Unde relinquitur quod moventur ab aliqua substantia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2116 apprehendente Augustinus etiam dicit, III de Trin., corpora omnia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2117 administrari a Deo per spiritum vitae. Sic igitur patet quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2118 corpora caelestia non sunt animata eo modo quo plantae et animalia,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2119 sed aequivoce. Unde inter ponentes ea esse animata, et ponentes ea
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2120 inanimata, parva vel nulla differentia invenitur in re, sed in voce
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2121 tantum.</p><p title="I q. 70 a. 3 ad 1"><a name="31354"><span class="ref">[31354] Iª q. 70 a. 3 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2122 dicendum quod ad ornatum pertinent aliqua secundum proprium motum.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2123 Et quantum ad hoc, luminaria caeli conveniunt cum aliis quae ad
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2124 ornatum pertinent, quia moventur a substantia vivente.</p><p title="I q. 70 a. 3 ad 2"><a name="31355"><span class="ref">[31355] Iª q. 70 a. 3 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2125 dicendum quod nihil prohibet aliquid esse nobilius simpliciter,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2126 quod tamen non est nobilius quantum ad aliquid. Forma ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2127 caelestis corporis, etsi non sit simpliciter nobilior anima
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2128 animalis, est tamen nobilior quantum ad rationem formae, perficit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2129 enim totaliter suam materiam, ut non sit in potentia ad aliam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2130 formam; quod anima non facit. Quantum etiam ad motum, moventur
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2131 corpora caelestia a nobilioribus motoribus.</p><p title="I q. 70 a. 3 ad 3"><a name="31356"><span class="ref">[31356] Iª q. 70 a. 3 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2132 dicendum quod corpus caeleste, cum sit movens motum, habet rationem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2133 instrumenti, quod agit in virtute principalis agentis. Et ideo ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2134 virtute sui motoris, qui est substantia vivens, potest causare
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2135 vitam.</p><p title="I q. 70 a. 3 ad 4"><a name="31357"><span class="ref">[31357] Iª q. 70 a. 3 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2136 dicendum quod motus corporis caelestis est naturalis, non propter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2137 principium activum, sed propter principium passivum, quia scilicet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2138 habet in sua natura aptitudinem ut tali motu ab intellectu
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2139 moveatur.</p><p title="I q. 70 a. 3 ad 5"><a name="31358"><span class="ref">[31358] Iª q. 70 a. 3 ad 5</span></a> Ad quintum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2140 dicendum quod caelum dicitur movere seipsum, inquantum componitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2141 ex motore et mobili, non sicut ex forma et materia, sed secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2142 contactum virtutis, ut dictum est. Et hoc etiam modo potest dici
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2143 quod eius motor est principium intrinsecum, ut sic etiam motus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2144 caeli possit dici naturalis ex parte principii activi; sicut motus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2145 voluntarius dicitur esse naturalis animali inquantum est animal, ut
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2146 dicitur in VIII Physic.</p></div></div><div class="q" id="q71"><h2>Quaestio 71</h2><div class="a"><h3><a name="31359"><span class="ref">[31359]
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2147 Iª q. 71 arg. 1</span></a> Deinde considerandum est de opere
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2148 quintae diei. Et videtur quod inconvenienter hoc opus describatur.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2149 Illud enim aquae producunt, ad cuius productionem sufficit virtus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2150 aquae. Sed virtus aquae non sufficit ad productionem omnium piscium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2151 et avium, cum videamus plura eorum generari ex semine. Non ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2152 convenienter dicitur, <i>producant aquae reptile animae viventis,
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2153 et volatile super terram</i>.</h3><p title="I q. 71 arg. 2"><a name="31360"><span class="ref">[31360]
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2154 Iª q. 71 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea, pisces et aves non
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2155 tantum producuntur ex aqua, sed in eorum compositione videtur magis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2156 terra dominari quam aqua, quia corpora eorum naturaliter moventur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2157 ad terram; unde et in terra quiescunt. Non ergo convenienter
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2158 dicitur pisces et aves ex aqua produci.</p><p title="I q. 71 arg. 3"><a name="31361"><span class="ref">[31361]
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2159 Iª q. 71 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea, sicut pisces habent
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2160 motum in aquis, ita et aves in aere. Si ergo pisces ex aquis
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2161 producuntur, aves non deberent produci ex aquis, sed ex aere.</p><p title="I q. 71 arg. 4"><a name="31362"><span class="ref">[31362]
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2162 Iª q. 71 arg. 4</span></a> Praeterea, non omnes pisces reptant
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2163 in aquis, cum quidem habeant pedes, quibus gradiuntur in terra,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2164 sicut vituli marini. Non ergo sufficienter productio piscium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2165 designatur in hoc quod dicitur, <i>producant aquae reptile animae
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2166 viventis</i>.</p><p title="I q. 71 arg. 5"><a name="31363"><span class="ref">[31363]
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2167 Iª q. 71 arg. 5</span></a> Praeterea, animalia terrestria sunt
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2168 perfectiora avibus et piscibus. Quod patet ex hoc quod habent
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2169 membra magis distincta, et perfectiorem generationem, generant enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2170 animalia, sed pisces et aves generant ova. Perfectiora autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2171 praecedunt in ordine naturae. Non ergo quinta die debuerunt fieri
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2172 pisces et aves, ante animalia terrestria.</p><p title="I q. 71 s. c."><a name="31364"><span class="ref">[31364]
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2173 Iª q. 71 s. c.</span></a> In contrarium sufficit auctoritas
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2174 Scripturae.</p><p title="I q. 71 co."><a name="31365"><span class="ref">[31365]
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2175 Iª q. 71 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum quod, sicut supra
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2176 dictum est, opus ornatus per ordinem respondet ordini
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2177 distinctionis. Unde sicut inter tres dies distinctioni deputatos,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2178 media, quae est secunda, deputatur distinctioni medii corporis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2179 scilicet aquae; ita inter tres dies deputatos ad opus ornatus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2180 media, idest quinta, deputatur ad ornatum medii corporis, per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2181 productionem avium et piscium. Unde sicut Moyses in quarta die
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2182 nominat luminaria et lucem, ut designet quod quarta dies respondet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2183 primae, in qua dixerat lucem factam; ita in hac quinta die facit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2184 mentionem de aquis et de firmamento caeli, ut designet quod quinta
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2185 dies respondet secundae. Sed sciendum est quod, sicut in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2186 productione plantarum differt Augustinus ab aliis, ita et in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2187 productione piscium et avium. Alii enim dicunt pisces et aves
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2188 quinta die esse productos in actu, Augustinus autem dicit, V super
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2189 Gen. ad Litt., quod quinta die aquarum natura produxit pisces et
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2190 aves potentialiter.</p><p title="I q. 71 ad 1"><a name="31366"><span class="ref">[31366]
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2191 Iª q. 71 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo dicendum quod Avicenna
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2192 posuit omnia animalia posse generari ex aliquali elementorum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2193 commixtione absque semine, etiam per viam naturae. Sed hoc videtur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2194 inconveniens. Quia natura determinatis mediis procedit ad suos
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2195 effectus, unde illa quae naturaliter generantur ex semine, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2196 possunt naturaliter sine semine generari. Et ideo dicendum est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2197 aliter, quod in naturali generatione animalium, principium activum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2198 est virtus formativa quae est in semine, in iis quae ex semine
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2199 generantur; loco cuius virtutis, in iis quae ex putrefactione
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2200 generantur, est virtus caelestis corporis. Materiale autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2201 principium in utrorumque animalium generatione, est aliquod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2202 elementum vel elementatum. In prima autem rerum institutione, fuit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2203 principium activum verbum Dei, quod ex materia elementari produxit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2204 animalia vel in actu, secundum alios sanctos; vel virtute, secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2205 Augustinum. Non quod aqua aut terra habeat in se virtutem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2206 producendi omnia animalia, ut Avicenna posuit, sed quia hoc ipsum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2207 quod ex materia elementari, virtute seminis vel stellarum, possunt
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2208 animalia produci, est ex virtute primitus elementis data.</p><p title="I q. 71 ad 2"><a name="31367"><span class="ref">[31367]
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2209 Iª q. 71 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum dicendum quod corpora
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2210 avium et piscium possunt dupliciter considerari. Uno modo, secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2211 se. Et sic necesse est quod in eis magis terrestre elementum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2212 dominetur, quia ad hoc quod fiat contemperatio mixtionis in corpore
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2213 animalis necesse est quod quantitative abundet in eo elementum quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2214 est minus activum, scilicet terra. Sed si considerentur secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2215 quod sunt nata moveri talibus motibus, sic habent affinitatem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2216 quandam cum corporibus in quibus moventur. Et sic eorum generatio
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2217 hic describitur.</p><p title="I q. 71 ad 3"><a name="31368"><span class="ref">[31368]
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2218 Iª q. 71 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium dicendum quod aer, quia
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2219 insensibilis est, non per seipsum connumeratur, sed cum aliis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2220 partim quidem cum aqua, quantum ad inferiorem partem, quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2221 exhalationibus aquae ingrossatur; partim etiam cum caelo, quantum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2222 ad superiorem partem. Aves autem motum habent in inferiori parte
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2223 aeris, et ideo sub firmamento caeli volare dicuntur, etiam si
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2224 firmamentum pro nebuloso aere accipiatur. Et ideo productio avium
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2225 aquae adscribitur.</p><p title="I q. 71 ad 4"><a name="31369"><span class="ref">[31369]
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2226 Iª q. 71 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum dicendum quod natura de
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2227 uno extremo ad aliud transit per media. Et ideo inter terrestria et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2228 aquatica animalia sunt quaedam media, quae communicant cum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2229 utrisque; et computantur cum illis cum quibus magis communicant,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2230 secundum id quod cum eis communicant; non secundum id quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2231 communicant cum alio extremo. Tamen, ut includantur omnia huiusmodi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2232 quae habent aliquid speciale inter pisces, subiungit, postquam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2233 dixerat, <i>producant aquae reptile animae viventis, creavit Deus
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2234 cete grandia,</i> et cetera.</p><p title="I q. 71 ad 5"><a name="31370"><span class="ref">[31370]
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2235 Iª q. 71 ad 5</span></a> Ad quintum dicendum quod productio
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2236 horum animalium ordinatur secundum ordinem corporum quae eis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2237 ornantur, magis quam secundum propriam dignitatem. Et tamen, in via
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2238 generationis, ab imperfectioribus ad perfectiora pervenitur.</p></div></div><div class="q" id="q72"><h2>Quaestio 72</h2><div class="a"><h3><a name="31371"><span class="ref">[31371]
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2239 Iª q. 72 arg. 1</span></a> Deinde quaeritur de opere sextae
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2240 diei. Et videtur quod inconvenienter describatur. Sicut enim aves
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2241 et pisces habent viventem animam, ita etiam et animalia terrestria;
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2242 non autem terrestria animalia sunt ipsa anima vivens. Ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2243 inconvenienter dicitur, producat terra animam viventem; sed debuit
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2244 dici, producat terra quadrupedia animae viventis.</h3><p title="I q. 72 arg. 2"><a name="31372"><span class="ref">[31372]
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2245 Iª q. 72 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea, genus non debet dividi
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2246 contra speciem. Sed iumenta et bestiae sub quadrupedibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2247 computantur. Inconvenienter ergo quadrupedia connumerantur iumentis
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2248 et bestiis.</p><p title="I q. 72 arg. 3"><a name="31373"><span class="ref">[31373]
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2249 Iª q. 72 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea, sicut alia animalia sunt
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2250 in determinato genere et specie, ita et homo. Sed in factione
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2251 hominis non fit mentio de suo genere vel specie. Ergo nec in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2252 productione aliorum animalium debuit fieri mentio de genere vel
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2253 specie, cum dicitur, in genere suo, vel specie sua.</p><p title="I q. 72 arg. 4"><a name="31374"><span class="ref">[31374]
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2254 Iª q. 72 arg. 4</span></a> Praeterea, animalia terrestria
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2255 magis sunt similia homini, qui a Deo dicitur benedici, quam aves et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2256 pisces. Cum igitur aves et pisces dicantur benedici, multo fortius
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2257 hoc dici debuit de aliis animalibus.</p><p title="I q. 72 arg. 5"><a name="31375"><span class="ref">[31375]
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2258 Iª q. 72 arg. 5</span></a> Praeterea, quaedam animalia
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2259 generantur ex putrefactione, quae est corruptio quaedam. Corruptio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2260 autem non convenit primae institutioni rerum. Non ergo animalia
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2261 debuerunt in prima rerum institutione produci.</p><p title="I q. 72 arg. 6"><a name="31376"><span class="ref">[31376]
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2262 Iª q. 72 arg. 6</span></a> Praeterea, quaedam animalia sunt
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2263 venenosa et homini noxia. Nihil autem debuit esse homini nocivum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2264 ante peccatum. Ergo huiusmodi animalia vel omnino fieri a Deo non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2265 debuerunt, qui est bonorum auctor, vel non debuerunt fieri ante
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2266 peccatum.</p><p title="I q. 72 s. c."><a name="31377"><span class="ref">[31377]
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2267 Iª q. 72 s. c.</span></a> In contrarium sufficit auctoritas
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2268 Scripturae.</p><p title="I q. 72 co."><a name="31378"><span class="ref">[31378]
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2269 Iª q. 72 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum quod, sicut in die
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2270 quinto ornatur medium corpus, et respondet secundae diei ita in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2271 sexto die ornatur ultimum corpus, scilicet terra, per productionem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2272 animalium terrestrium, et respondet tertiae diei. Unde utrobique
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2273 fit mentio de terra. Et hic etiam, secundum Augustinum animalia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2274 terrestria producuntur potentialiter, secundum vero alios sanctos,
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2275 in actu.</p><p title="I q. 72 ad 1"><a name="31379"><span class="ref">[31379]
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2276 Iª q. 72 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo dicendum quod, sicut
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2277 Basilius dicit, diversus gradus vitae qui in diversis viventibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2278 invenitur, ex modo loquendi Scripturae colligi potest. Plantae enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2279 habent imperfectissimam vitam et occultam. Unde in earum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2280 productione nulla mentio fit de vita, sed solum de generatione,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2281 quia secundum hanc solum invenitur actus vitae in eis; nutritiva
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2282 enim et augmentativa generativae deserviunt, ut infra dicetur.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2283 Inter animalia vero, perfectiora sunt, communiter loquendo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2284 terrestria avibus et piscibus, non quod pisces memoria careant, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2285 Basilius dicit, et Augustinus improbat; sed propter distinctionem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2286 membrorum, et perfectionem generationis (quantum autem ad aliquas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2287 sagacitates, etiam aliqua animalia imperfecta magis vigent, ut apes
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2288 et formicae). Et ideo pisces vocat, non animam viventem, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2289 reptile animae viventis, sed terrena animalia vocat animam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2290 viventem, propter perfectionem vitae in eis, ac si pisces sint
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2291 corpora habentia aliquid animae, terrestria vero animalia, propter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2292 perfectionem vitae, sint quasi animae dominantes corporibus.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2293 Perfectissimus autem gradus vitae est in homine. Et ideo vitam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2294 hominis non dicit produci a terra vel aqua, sicut ceterorum
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2295 animalium, sed a Deo.</p><p title="I q. 72 ad 2"><a name="31380"><span class="ref">[31380]
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2296 Iª q. 72 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum dicendum quod per
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2297 iumenta, vel pecora, intelliguntur animalia domestica, quae homini
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2298 serviunt qualitercumque. Per bestias autem intelliguntur animalia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2299 saeva, ut ursi et leones. Per reptilia vero, animalia quae vel non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2300 habent pedes quibus eleventur a terra, ut serpentes; vel habent
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2301 breves, quibus parum elevantur, ut lacertae et tortucae et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2302 huiusmodi. Sed quia sunt quaedam animalia quae sub nullo horum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2303 comprehenduntur, ut cervi et capreae, ut etiam ista
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2304 comprehenderentur, addidit quadrupedia. Vel quadrupedia praemisit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2305 quasi genus, et alia subiunxit quasi species, sunt enim etiam
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2306 quaedam reptilia quadrupedia, ut lacertae et tortucae.</p><p title="I q. 72 ad 3"><a name="31381"><span class="ref">[31381]
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2307 Iª q. 72 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium dicendum quod in aliis
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2308 animalibus et plantis mentionem fecit de genere et specie, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2309 designaret generationes similium ex similibus. In homine autem non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2310 fuit necessarium ut hoc diceretur, quia quod praemissum fuit de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2311 aliis, etiam de homine intelligi potest. Vel quia animalia et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2312 plantae producuntur secundum genus et speciem suam, quasi longe a
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2313 similitudine divina remota, homo autem dicitur formatus ad imaginem
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2314 et similitudinem Dei.</p><p title="I q. 72 ad 4"><a name="31382"><span class="ref">[31382]
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2315 Iª q. 72 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum dicendum quod benedictio
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2316 Dei dat virtutem multiplicandi per generationem. Et ideo quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2317 positum est in avibus et piscibus, quae primo occurrunt, non fuit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2318 necessarium repeti in terrenis animalibus, sed intelligitur. In
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2319 hominibus autem iteratur benedictio, quia in eis est quaedam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2320 specialis multiplicationis ratio, propter complendum numerum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2321 electorum, <i>et ne quisquam diceret in officio gignendi filios
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2322 ullum esse peccatum. Plantae vero nullum habent propagandae prolis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2323 affectum, ac sine ullo sensu generant, unde indignae iudicatae sunt
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2324 benedictionis verbis</i>.</p><p title="I q. 72 ad 5"><a name="31383"><span class="ref">[31383]
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2325 Iª q. 72 ad 5</span></a> Ad quintum dicendum quod, cum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2326 generatio unius sit corruptio alterius, quod ex corruptione
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2327 ignobiliorum generentur nobiliora, non repugnat primae rerum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2328 institutioni. Unde animalia quae generantur ex corruptione rerum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2329 inanimatarum vel plantarum, potuerunt tunc generari. Non autem quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2330 generantur ex corruptione animalium, tunc potuerunt produci, nisi
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2331 potentialiter tantum.</p><p title="I q. 72 ad 6"><a name="31384"><span class="ref">[31384]
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2332 Iª q. 72 ad 6</span></a> Ad sextum dicendum quod, sicut
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2333 Augustinus dicit in I super Gen. contra Manichaeos, <i>si in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2334 alicuius opificis officinam imperitus intraverit, videt ibi multa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2335 instrumenta quorum causas ignorat, et si multum est insipiens,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2336 superflua putat. Iam vero si in fornacem incautus ceciderit, aut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2337 ferramento aliquo acuto se vulneraverit, noxia existimat ibi esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2338 multa, quorum usum quia novit artifex, insipientiam eius irridet.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2339 Sic in hoc mundo quidam audent multa reprehendere, quorum causas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2340 non vident, multa enim, etsi domui nostrae non sunt necessaria, eis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2341 tamen completur universitatis integritas</i>. Homo autem ante
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2342 peccatum ordinate fuisset usus rebus mundi. Unde animalia venenosa
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2343 ei noxia non fuissent.</p></div></div><div class="q" id="q73"><h2>Quaestio 73</h2><div class="p"><h3>Prooemium</h3><p title="I q. 73 pr."><a name="31385"><span class="ref">[31385]
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2344 Iª q. 73 pr.</span></a> Deinde considerandum est de iis quae
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2345 pertinent ad septimum diem. Et circa hoc quaeruntur tria. Primo, de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2346 completione operum. Secundo, de requie Dei. Tertio, de benedictione
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2347 et sanctificatione huius diei.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 1</h3><p title="I q. 73 a. 1 arg. 1"><a name="31386"><span class="ref">[31386] Iª q. 73 a. 1 arg. 1</span></a> Ad primum sic
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2348 proceditur. Videtur quod completio divinorum operum non debeat
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2349 septimo diei adscribi. Omnia enim quae in hoc saeculo aguntur, ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2350 divina opera pertinent. Sed consummatio saeculi erit in fine mundi,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2351 ut habetur Matth. XIII. Tempus etiam incarnationis Christi est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2352 cuiusdam completionis tempus, unde dicitur tempus plenitudinis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2353 Gal. IV. Et ipse Christus moriens dixit, consummatum est, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2354 dicitur Ioan. XIX. Non ergo completio divinorum operum competit
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2355 diei septimo.</p><p title="I q. 73 a. 1 arg. 2"><a name="31387"><span class="ref">[31387] Iª q. 73 a. 1 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2356 quicumque complet opus suum, aliquid facit. Sed Deus non legitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2357 septimo die aliquid fecisse, quinimmo ab omni opere quievisse. Ergo
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2358 completio operum non competit septimo diei.</p><p title="I q. 73 a. 1 arg. 3"><a name="31388"><span class="ref">[31388] Iª q. 73 a. 1 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea, non
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2359 dicitur aliquid esse completum, cui multa superadduntur, nisi forte
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2360 sint illa superflua, quia perfectum dicitur cui nihil deest eorum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2361 quae debet habere. Sed post septimum diem multa sunt facta, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2362 productio multorum individuorum; et etiam quarumdam novarum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2363 specierum, quae frequenter apparent, praecipue in animalibus ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2364 putrefactione generatis. Quotidie etiam Deus novas animas creat.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2365 Novum etiam fuit incarnationis opus, de quo dicitur Ierem. XXXI,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2366 novum faciet dominus super terram. Nova etiam sunt miraculosa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2367 opera, de quibus dicitur Eccli. XXXVI, <i>innova signa, et immuta
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2368 mirabilia</i>. Innovabuntur etiam omnia in glorificatione
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2369 sanctorum, secundum illud Apoc. XXI, <i>et dixit qui sedebat in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2370 throno, ecce nova facio omnia</i>. Completio ergo divinorum operum
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2371 non debet attribui septimo diei.</p><p title="I q. 73 a. 1 s. c."><a name="31389"><span class="ref">[31389] Iª q. 73 a. 1 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2372 quod dicitur Gen. II, <i>complevit Deus die septimo opus suum quod
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2373 fecerat</i>.</p><p title="I q. 73 a. 1 co."><a name="31390"><span class="ref">[31390] Iª q. 73 a. 1 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2374 quod duplex est rei perfectio, prima, et secunda. Prima quidem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2375 perfectio est, secundum quod res in sua substantia est perfecta.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2376 Quae quidem perfectio est forma totius, quae ex integritate partium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2377 consurgit. Perfectio autem secunda est finis. Finis autem vel est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2378 operatio, sicut finis citharistae est citharizare, vel est aliquid
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2379 ad quod per operationem pervenitur, sicut finis aedificatoris est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2380 domus, quam aedificando facit. Prima autem perfectio est causa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2381 secundae, quia forma est principium operationis. Ultima autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2382 perfectio, quae est finis totius universi, est perfecta beatitudo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2383 sanctorum; quae erit in ultima consummatione saeculi. Prima autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2384 perfectio, quae est in integritate universi, fuit in prima rerum
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2385 institutione. Et haec deputatur septimo diei.</p><p title="I q. 73 a. 1 ad 1"><a name="31391"><span class="ref">[31391] Iª q. 73 a. 1 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2386 dicendum quod, sicut dictum est, perfectio prima est causa
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2387 secundae. Ad beatitudinem autem consequendam duo requiruntur,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2388 natura et gratia. Ipsa ergo beatitudinis perfectio erit in fine
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2389 mundi, ut dictum est. Sed ista consummatio praecessit causaliter,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2390 quantum ad naturam quidem, in prima rerum institutione, quantum ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2391 gratiam vero, in incarnatione Christi, quia <i>gratia et veritas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2392 per Iesum Christum facta est</i>, ut dicitur Ioan. I. Sic igitur in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2393 septima die fuit consummatio naturae; in incarnatione Christi,
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2394 consummatio gratiae; in fine mundi, consummatio gloriae.</p><p title="I q. 73 a. 1 ad 2"><a name="31392"><span class="ref">[31392] Iª q. 73 a. 1 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2395 dicendum quod septima die Deus aliquid operatus est, non novam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2396 creaturam condendo, sed creaturam administrando, et ad propriam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2397 operationem eam movendo, quod iam aliqualiter pertinet ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2398 inchoationem quandam secundae perfectionis. Et ideo consummatio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2399 operum, secundum nostram translationem, attribuitur diei septimae.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2400 Sed secundum aliam translationem, attribuitur diei sextae. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2401 utrumque potest stare. Quia consummatio quae est secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2402 integritatem partium universi, competit sextae diei, consummatio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2403 quae est secundum operationem partium, competit septimae. Vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2404 potest dici quod in motu continuo, quandiu aliquid potest moveri
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2405 ulterius, non dicitur motus perfectus ante quietem, quies enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2406 demonstrat motum consummatum. Deus autem poterat plures creaturas
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2407 facere, praeter illas quas fecerat sex diebus. Unde hoc ipso quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2408 cessavit novas creaturas condere in septima die, dicitur opus suum
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2409 consummasse.</p><p title="I q. 73 a. 1 ad 3"><a name="31393"><span class="ref">[31393] Iª q. 73 a. 1 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2410 dicendum quod nihil postmodum a Deo factum est totaliter novum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2411 quin aliqualiter in operibus sex dierum praecesserit. Quaedam enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2412 praeextiterunt materialiter, sicut quod Deus de costa Adae formavit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2413 mulierem. Quaedam vero praeextiterunt in operibus sex dierum, non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2414 solum materialiter, sed etiam causaliter, sicut individua quae nunc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2415 generantur, praecesserunt in primis individuis suarum specierum.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2416 Species etiam novae, si quae apparent, praeextiterunt in quibusdam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2417 activis virtutibus, sicut et animalia ex putrefactione generata
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2418 producuntur ex virtutibus stellarum et elementorum quas a principio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2419 acceperunt, etiam si novae species talium animalium producantur.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2420 Animalia etiam quaedam secundum novam speciem aliquando oriuntur ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2421 commixtione animalium diversorum secundum speciem, sicut cum ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2422 asino et equa generatur mulus, et haec etiam praecesserunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2423 causaliter in operibus sex dierum. Quaedam vero praecesserunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2424 secundum similitudinem; sicut animae quae nunc creantur. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2425 similiter incarnationis opus, quia, ut dicitur Philipp. II, filius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2426 Dei est in similitudinem hominum factus. Gloria etiam spiritualis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2427 secundum similitudinem praecessit in Angelis, corporalis vero in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2428 caelo, praecipue Empyreo. Unde dicitur Eccle. I, <i>nihil sub sole
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2429 novum; iam enim praecessit in saeculis quae fuerunt ante
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2430 nos</i>.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 2</h3><p title="I q. 73 a. 2 arg. 1"><a name="31394"><span class="ref">[31394] Iª q. 73 a. 2 arg. 1</span></a> Ad secundum sic
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2431 proceditur. Videtur quod Deus septima die non requievit ab omni suo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2432 opere. Dicitur enim Ioan. V, <i>pater meus usque modo operatur, et
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2433 ego operor</i>. Non ergo septima die requievit ab omni opere.</p><p title="I q. 73 a. 2 arg. 2"><a name="31395"><span class="ref">[31395] Iª q. 73 a. 2 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2434 requies motui opponitur; vel labori qui interdum causatur ex motu.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2435 Sed Deus immobiliter, et absque labore sua opera produxit. Non ergo
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2436 dicendum est septima die a suo opere requievisse.</p><p title="I q. 73 a. 2 arg. 3"><a name="31396"><span class="ref">[31396] Iª q. 73 a. 2 arg. 3</span></a> Si dicatur quod
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2437 Deus requievit die septima quia fecit hominem requiescere, contra,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2438 requies contraponitur eius operationi. Sed quod dicitur, Deus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2439 creavit vel fecit hoc vel illud, non exponitur quod Deus hominem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2440 fecit creare aut facere. Ergo nec convenienter exponi potest, ut
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2441 dicatur Deus requievisse, quia fecit hominem requiescere.</p><p title="I q. 73 a. 2 s. c."><a name="31397"><span class="ref">[31397] Iª q. 73 a. 2 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2442 quod dicitur Gen. II, <i>requievit Deus die septimo ab omni opere
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2443 quod patrarat</i>.</p><p title="I q. 73 a. 2 co."><a name="31398"><span class="ref">[31398] Iª q. 73 a. 2 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2444 quod quies proprie opponitur motui; et per consequens labori, qui
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2445 ex motu consurgit. Quamvis autem motus proprie acceptus sit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2446 corporum, tamen nomen motus etiam ad spiritualia derivatur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2447 dupliciter. Uno modo, secundum quod omnis operatio motus dicitur,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2448 sic enim et divina bonitas quodammodo movetur et procedit in res,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2449 secundum quod se eis communicat, ut Dionysius dicit, II cap. de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2450 Div. Nom. Alio modo, desiderium in aliud tendens quidam motus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2451 dicitur. Unde et requies dupliciter accipitur, uno modo, pro
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2452 cessatione ab operibus; alio modo, pro impletione desiderii. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2453 utroque modo dicitur Deus requievisse die septima. Primo quidem,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2454 quia die septima cessavit novas creaturas condere, nihil enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2455 postea fecit, quod non aliquo modo praecesserit in primis operibus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2456 ut dictum est. Alio modo, secundum quod rebus conditis ipse non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2457 indigebat, sed seipso fruendo beatus est. Unde post conditionem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2458 omnium operum, non dicitur quod in suis operibus requievit, quasi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2459 eis ad suam beatitudinem indigens, sed ab eis requievit, utique in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2460 seipso, quia ipse sufficit sibi et implet desiderium suum. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2461 quamvis ab aeterno in seipso requieverit, tamen quod post opera
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2462 condita in seipso requievit, hoc pertinet ad septimum diem. Et hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2463 est ab operibus requiescere, ut Augustinus dicit, super Gen. ad
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2464 Litt.</p><p title="I q. 73 a. 2 ad 1"><a name="31399"><span class="ref">[31399] Iª q. 73 a. 2 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2465 dicendum quod Deus usque modo operatur, conservando et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2466 administrando creaturam conditam, non autem novam creaturam
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2467 condendo.</p><p title="I q. 73 a. 2 ad 2"><a name="31400"><span class="ref">[31400] Iª q. 73 a. 2 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2468 dicendum quod requies non opponitur labori sive motui, sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2469 productioni novarum rerum, et desiderio in aliud tendenti, ut
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2470 dictum est.</p><p title="I q. 73 a. 2 ad 3"><a name="31401"><span class="ref">[31401] Iª q. 73 a. 2 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2471 dicendum quod, sicut Deus in solo se requiescit, et se fruendo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2472 beatus est; ita et nos per solam Dei fruitionem beati efficimur. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2473 sic etiam facit nos a suis et nostris operibus in seipso
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2474 requiescere. Est ergo conveniens expositio, ut dicatur Deus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2475 requievisse, quia nos requiescere facit. Sed non est haec sola
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2476 ponenda, sed alia expositio est principalior et prior.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 3</h3><p title="I q. 73 a. 3 arg. 1"><a name="31402"><span class="ref">[31402] Iª q. 73 a. 3 arg. 1</span></a> Ad tertium sic
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2477 proceditur. Videtur quod benedictio et sanctificatio non debeatur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2478 diei septimae. Tempus enim aliquod consuevit dici benedictum aut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2479 sanctum, propter aliquod bonum quod in illo tempore evenit; aut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2480 propter hoc quod aliquod malum vitatur sed Deo nihil accrescit aut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2481 deperit, sive operetur, sive ab operando cesset. Non ergo specialis
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2482 benedictio et sanctificatio debetur diei septimae.</p><p title="I q. 73 a. 3 arg. 2"><a name="31403"><span class="ref">[31403] Iª q. 73 a. 3 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2483 benedictio a bonitate dicitur. Sed bonum est diffusivum et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2484 communicativum sui, secundum Dionysium. Ergo magis debuerunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2485 benedici dies in quibus creaturas produxit, quam ille dies in quo a
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2486 producendis creaturis cessavit.</p><p title="I q. 73 a. 3 arg. 3"><a name="31404"><span class="ref">[31404] Iª q. 73 a. 3 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2487 superius in singulis creaturis quaedam benedictio commemorata est,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2488 dum in singulis operibus dictum est, vidit Deus quod esset bonum.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2489 Non oportuit igitur quod post omnium productionem, dies septima
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2490 benediceretur.</p><p title="I q. 73 a. 3 s. c."><a name="31405"><span class="ref">[31405] Iª q. 73 a. 3 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2491 quod dicitur Gen. II, <i>benedixit Deus diei septimo, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2492 sanctificavit illum, quia in illo cessaverat ab omni opere
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2493 suo</i>.</p><p title="I q. 73 a. 3 co."><a name="31406"><span class="ref">[31406] Iª q. 73 a. 3 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2494 quod, sicut supra dictum est, requies Dei in die septima dupliciter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2495 accipitur. Primo quidem, quantum ad hoc, quod cessavit a novis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2496 operibus condendis, ita tamen quod creaturam conditam conservat et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2497 administrat. Alio modo, secundum quod post opera requievit in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2498 seipso. Quantum ergo ad primum, competit septimae diei benedictio.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2499 Quia, sicut supra dictum est, benedictio ad multiplicationem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2500 pertinet, unde dictum est creaturis quas benedixit, crescite et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2501 multiplicamini. Multiplicatio autem rerum fit per administrationem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2502 creaturae, secundum quam ex similibus similia generantur. Quantum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2503 vero ad secundum, competit septimae diei sanctificatio. Maxime enim
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2504 sanctificatio cuiuslibet attenditur in hoc quod in Deo requiescit,
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2505 unde et res Deo dedicatae sanctae dicuntur.</p><p title="I q. 73 a. 3 ad 1"><a name="31407"><span class="ref">[31407] Iª q. 73 a. 3 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2506 dicendum quod non propter hoc dies septimus sanctificatur, quia Deo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2507 possit aliquid accrescere vel decrescere, sed quia creaturis
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2508 aliquid accrescit per multiplicationem et quietem in Deo.</p><p title="I q. 73 a. 3 ad 2"><a name="31408"><span class="ref">[31408] Iª q. 73 a. 3 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2509 dicendum quod in primis sex diebus productae sunt res in suis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2510 primis causis. Sed postea ex illis primis causis res multiplicantur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2511 et conservantur, quod etiam ad bonitatem divinam pertinet. Cuius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2512 etiam perfectio in hoc maxime ostenditur quod in ipsa sola et ipse
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2513 requiescit, et nos requiescere possumus, ea fruentes.</p><p title="I q. 73 a. 3 ad 3"><a name="31409"><span class="ref">[31409] Iª q. 73 a. 3 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2514 dicendum quod bonum quod in singulis diebus commemoratur, pertinet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2515 ad primam naturae institutionem, benedictio autem diei septimae
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2516 pertinet ad naturae propagationem.</p></div></div><div class="q" id="q74"><h2>Quaestio 74</h2><div class="p"><h3>Prooemium</h3><p title="I q. 74 pr."><a name="31410"><span class="ref">[31410]
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2517 Iª q. 74 pr.</span></a> Deinde quaeritur de omnibus septem
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2518 diebus in communi. Et quaeruntur tria. Primo, de sufficientia horum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2519 dierum. Secundo, utrum sint unus dies, vel plures. Tertio, de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2520 quibusdam modis loquendi quibus Scriptura utitur, enarrando opera
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2521 sex dierum.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 1</h3><p title="I q. 74 a. 1 arg. 1"><a name="31411"><span class="ref">[31411] Iª q. 74 a. 1 arg. 1</span></a> Ad primum sic
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2522 proceditur. Videtur quod non sufficienter isti dies enumerentur.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2523 Non minus enim distinguitur opus creationis ab operibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2524 distinctionis et ornatus, quam haec duo opera ab invicem. Sed alii
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2525 dies deputantur distinctioni, et alii ornatui. Ergo etiam alii dies
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2526 debent assignari creationi.</p><p title="I q. 74 a. 1 arg. 2"><a name="31412"><span class="ref">[31412] Iª q. 74 a. 1 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea, aer
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2527 et ignis sunt nobiliora elementa quam terra et aqua. Sed unus dies
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2528 deputatur distinctioni aquae, et alius distinctioni terrae. Ergo
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2529 alii dies debent deputari distinctioni ignis et aeris.</p><p title="I q. 74 a. 1 arg. 3"><a name="31413"><span class="ref">[31413] Iª q. 74 a. 1 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea, non
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2530 minus distant volucres et pisces, quam volucres et terrestria
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2531 animalia. Homo etiam plus distat ab aliis animalibus, quam alia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2532 quaecumque animalia ab invicem. Sed alius dies deputatur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2533 productioni piscium maris, et alius productioni animalium terrae.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2534 Ergo et alius dies debet deputari productioni avium caeli, et alius
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2535 productioni hominis.</p><p title="I q. 74 a. 1 s. c. 1"><a name="31414"><span class="ref">[31414] Iª q. 74 a. 1 s. c. 1</span></a> Sed contra,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2536 videtur quod aliqui dies superflue assignentur. Lumen enim ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2537 luminaria se habet ut accidens ad subiectum. Simul autem producitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2538 subiectum cum proprio accidente. Non ergo alia die debuit produci
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2539 lux, et alia luminaria.</p><p title="I q. 74 a. 1 s. c. 2"><a name="31415"><span class="ref">[31415] Iª q. 74 a. 1 s. c. 2</span></a> Praeterea, dies
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2540 isti deputantur primae institutioni mundi. Sed in septima die nihil
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2541 primitus est institutum. Ergo septima dies non debet aliis
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2542 connumerari.</p><p title="I q. 74 a. 1 co."><a name="31416"><span class="ref">[31416] Iª q. 74 a. 1 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2543 quod ratio distinctionis horum dierum ex praemissis potest esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2544 manifesta. Oportuit enim primo distingui partes mundi; et postmodum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2545 singulas partes ornari, per hoc quod quasi suis habitatoribus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2546 replentur. Secundum ergo alios sanctos, in creatura corporali tres
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2547 partes designantur, prima, quae significatur nomine caeli; media,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2548 quae significatur nomine aquae; et, infima quae significatur nomine
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2549 terrae. Unde et secundum Pythagoricos, perfectio in tribus ponitur,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2550 principio, medio et fine, ut dicitur in I de caelo. Prima ergo pars
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2551 distinguitur prima die, et ornatur quarta; media distinguitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2552 secunda die, et ornatur quinta; infima distinguitur tertia die, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2553 ornatur sexta. Augustinus vero convenit quidem cum eis in ultimis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2554 tribus diebus, differt autem in tribus primis. Quia secundum eum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2555 in primo die formatur creatura spiritualis, in duobus aliis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2556 creatura corporalis; ita quod in secundo corpora superiora, in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2557 tertio corpora inferiora. Et sic perfectio divinorum operum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2558 respondet perfectioni senarii numeri, qui consurgit ex suis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2559 partibus aliquotis simul iunctis; quae quidem partes sunt unum,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2560 duo, tria. Una enim dies deputatur formationi creaturae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2561 spiritualis, duae formationi creaturae corporalis, et tres
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2562 ornatui.</p><p title="I q. 74 a. 1 ad 1"><a name="31417"><span class="ref">[31417] Iª q. 74 a. 1 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2563 dicendum quod, secundum Augustinum, opus creationis pertinet ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2564 productionem materiae informis, et naturae spiritualis informis.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2565 Quae quidem duo sunt extra tempus, ut ipse dicit in XII Confess.,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2566 et ideo creatio utriusque ponitur ante omnem diem. Sed secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2567 alios sanctos, potest dici quod opus distinctionis et ornatus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2568 attenditur secundum aliquam mutationem creaturae, quae tempore
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2569 mensuratur. Opus autem creationis consistit in sola divina actione
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2570 in instanti rerum substantiam producentis. Et ideo quodlibet opus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2571 distinctionis et ornatus dicitur factum in die, creatio autem
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2572 dicitur facta in principio, quod sonat aliquid indivisibile.</p><p title="I q. 74 a. 1 ad 2"><a name="31418"><span class="ref">[31418] Iª q. 74 a. 1 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2573 dicendum quod ignis et aer, quia non distinguuntur a vulgo, inter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2574 partes mundi non sunt expresse nominata a Moyse; sed computantur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2575 cum medio, scilicet aqua, maxime quantum ad inferiorem aeris
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2576 partem; quantum vero ad superiorem, computantur cum caelo, ut
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2577 Augustinus dicit.</p><p title="I q. 74 a. 1 ad 3"><a name="31419"><span class="ref">[31419] Iª q. 74 a. 1 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2578 dicendum quod productio animalium recitatur secundum quod sunt in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2579 ornatum partium mundi. Et ideo dies productionis animalium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2580 distinguuntur vel uniuntur, secundum hanc convenientiam vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2581 differentiam, qua conveniunt vel differunt in ornando aliquam
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2582 partem mundi.</p><p title="I q. 74 a. 1 ad 4"><a name="31420"><span class="ref">[31420] Iª q. 74 a. 1 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2583 dicendum quod prima die facta est natura lucis in aliquo subiecto.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2584 Sed quarto die facta dicuntur luminaria, non quia eorum substantia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2585 sit de novo producta; sed quia sunt aliquo modo formata, quo prius
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2586 non erant, ut supra dictum est.</p><p title="I q. 74 a. 1 ad 5"><a name="31421"><span class="ref">[31421] Iª q. 74 a. 1 ad 5</span></a> Ad quintum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2587 dicendum quod septimae diei, secundum Augustinum, deputatur aliquid
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2588 post omnia quae sex diebus attribuuntur, scilicet quod Deus a suis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2589 operibus in seipso requiescit. Et ideo oportuit post sex dies fieri
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2590 mentionem de septimo. Secundum vero alios, potest dici quod in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2591 septimo die mundus habuit quendam novum statum, ut scilicet ei
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2592 nihil adderetur de novo. Et ideo post sex dies ponitur septima,
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2593 deputata cessationi ab opere.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 2</h3><p title="I q. 74 a. 2 arg. 1"><a name="31422"><span class="ref">[31422] Iª q. 74 a. 2 arg. 1</span></a> Ad secundum sic
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2594 proceditur. Videtur quod omnes isti dies sint unus dies. Dicitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2595 enim Gen. II, <i>istae sunt generationes caeli et terrae, quando
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2596 creata sunt, in die quo fecit dominus caelum et terram, et omne
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2597 virgultum agri, antequam oriretur in terra</i>. Unus ergo est dies
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2598 in quo fecit caelum et terram et omne virgultum agri. Sed caelum et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2599 terram fecit in prima die, vel potius ante omnem diem; virgultum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2600 autem agri, tertia die. Ergo unus est primus dies et tertius, et
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2601 pari ratione, omnes alii.</p><p title="I q. 74 a. 2 arg. 2"><a name="31423"><span class="ref">[31423] Iª q. 74 a. 2 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2602 Eccli. XVIII, dicitur, <i>qui vivit in aeternum, creavit omnia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2603 simul</i>. Sed hoc non esset, si dies horum operum essent plures,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2604 quia plures dies non sunt simul. Ergo non sunt plures dies, sed
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2605 unus tantum.</p><p title="I q. 74 a. 2 arg. 3"><a name="31424"><span class="ref">[31424] Iª q. 74 a. 2 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea, die
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2606 septimo cessavit Deus a novis operibus condendis. Si ergo septima
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2607 dies est alia ab aliis diebus, sequitur quod illam diem non
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2608 fecerit. Quod est inconveniens.</p><p title="I q. 74 a. 2 arg. 4"><a name="31425"><span class="ref">[31425] Iª q. 74 a. 2 arg. 4</span></a> Praeterea, totum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2609 opus quod uni diei adscribitur, in instanti perfecit, cum in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2610 singulis operibus dicatur, dixit, et factum est. Si igitur sequens
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2611 opus in diem alium reservasset, sequeretur quod in residua parte
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2612 illius diei cessasset ab opere, quod esset superfluum. Non igitur
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2613 est alius dies sequentis operis, a die operis praecedentis.</p><p title="I q. 74 a. 2 s. c."><a name="31426"><span class="ref">[31426] Iª q. 74 a. 2 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2614 quod Gen. I dicitur, <i>factum est vespere et mane dies secundus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2615 et dies tertius</i>, et sic de aliis. Secundum autem et tertium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2616 dici non potest, ubi est unum tantum. Ergo non fuit unus dies
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2617 tantum.</p><p title="I q. 74 a. 2 co."><a name="31427"><span class="ref">[31427] Iª q. 74 a. 2 co.</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2618 quod in hac quaestione Augustinus ab aliis expositoribus dissentit.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2619 Augustinus enim vult, et super Gen. ad Litt., et XI de Civ. Dei, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2620 ad Orosium, quod omnes qui dicuntur septem dies, sunt unus dies
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2621 septempliciter rebus praesentatus. Alii vero expositores sentiunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2622 quod fuerunt septem dies diversi, et non unus tantum. Hae autem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2623 duae opiniones, si referantur ad expositionem litterae Genesis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2624 magnam diversitatem habent. Nam secundum Augustinum, per diem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2625 intelligitur cognitio mentis angelicae; ut sic primus dies sit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2626 cognito primi divini operis, secundus dies cognitio secundi operis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2627 et sic de aliis. Et dicitur unumquodque opus esse factum in aliqua
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2628 die, quia nihil Deus produxit in rerum natura, quod non impresserit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2629 menti angelicae. Quae quidem multa simul potest cognoscere,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2630 praecipue in verbo, in quo omnis Angelorum cognitio perficitur et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2631 terminatur. Et sic distinguitur dies secundum naturalem ordinem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2632 rerum cognitarum, non secundum successionem cognitionis, aut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2633 secundum successionem productionis rerum. Cognitio autem angelica
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2634 proprie et vere dies nominari potest, cum lux, quae est causa diei,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2635 proprie in spiritualibus, secundum Augustinum, inveniatur. Secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2636 vero alios, per istos dies et successio dierum temporalium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2637 ostenditur, et successio productionis rerum. Sed si istae duae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2638 opiniones referantur ad modum productionis rerum, non invenitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2639 magna differentia. Et hoc propter duo in quibus, exponendo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2640 diversificatur Augustinus ab aliis, ut ex supra dictis patet. Primo
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2641 quidem, quia Augustinus per terram et aquam prius creatam,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2642 intelligit materiam corporalem totaliter informem, per factionem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2643 autem firmamenti, et congregationem aquarum, et apparitionem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2644 aridae, intelligit impressionem formarum in materiam corporalem.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2645 Alii vero sancti per terram et aquam primo creatas, intelligunt
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2646 ipsa elementa mundi, sub propriis formis existentia, per sequentia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2647 autem opera, aliquam distinctionem in corporibus prius
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2648 existentibus, ut supra dictum est. Secundo autem differunt quantum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2649 ad productionem plantarum et animalium, quae alii ponunt in opere
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2650 sex dierum esse producta in actu; Augustinus vero potentialiter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2651 tantum. In hoc ergo quod Augustinus ponit opera sex dierum esse
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2652 simul facta, sequitur idem modus productionis rerum. Nam secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2653 utrosque, in prima rerum productione materia erat sub formis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2654 substantialibus elementorum, et secundum utrosque, in prima rerum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2655 institutione non fuerunt animalia et plantae in actu. Sed remanet
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2656 differentia quantum ad quatuor. Quia secundum alios sanctos, post
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2657 primam productionem creaturae, fuit aliquod tempus in quo non erat
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2658 lux; item in quo non erat firmamentum formatum; item in quo non
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2659 erat terra discooperta aquis; et in quo non erant formata caeli
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2660 luminaria, quod est quartum. Quae non oportet ponere secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2661 expositionem Augustini. Ut igitur neutri sententiae praeiudicetur,
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2662 utriusque rationibus respondendum est.</p><p title="I q. 74 a. 2 ad 1"><a name="31428"><span class="ref">[31428] Iª q. 74 a. 2 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2663 dicendum quod in die in quo creavit Deus caelum et terram, creavit
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2664 etiam omne virgultum agri, non in actu, sed antequam oriretur super
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2665 terram, idest potentialiter. Quod Augustinus adscribit tertiae
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2666 diei, alii vero primae rerum institutioni.</p><p title="I q. 74 a. 2 ad 2"><a name="31429"><span class="ref">[31429] Iª q. 74 a. 2 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2667 dicendum quod Deus creavit omnia simul, quantum ad rerum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2668 substantiam quodammodo informem. Sed quantum ad formationem quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2669 facta est per distinctionem et ornatum, non simul. Unde signanter
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2670 utitur verbo creationis.</p><p title="I q. 74 a. 2 ad 3"><a name="31430"><span class="ref">[31430] Iª q. 74 a. 2 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2671 dicendum quod in die septimo cessavit Deus a novis operibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2672 condendis, non autem a propagandis quibusdam ex aliis, ad quam
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2673 propagationem pertinet quod post primum diem alii succedunt.</p><p title="I q. 74 a. 2 ad 4"><a name="31431"><span class="ref">[31431] Iª q. 74 a. 2 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2674 dicendum quod non est ex impotentia Dei, quasi indigentis tempore
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2675 ad operandum, quod omnia non sunt simul distincta et ornata, sed ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2676 ordo servaretur in rerum institutione. Et ideo oportuit ut diversis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2677 statibus mundi diversi dies deservirent. Semper autem per sequens
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2678 opus novus perfectionis status mundo est additus.</p><p title="I q. 74 a. 2 ad 5"><a name="31432"><span class="ref">[31432] Iª q. 74 a. 2 ad 5</span></a> Ad quintum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2679 dicendum quod, secundum Augustinum, ille ordo dierum referendus est
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2680 ad naturalem ordinem operum quae diebus attribuuntur.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 3</h3><p title="I q. 74 a. 3 arg. 1"><a name="31433"><span class="ref">[31433] Iª q. 74 a. 3 arg. 1</span></a> Ad tertium sic
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2681 proceditur. Videtur quod Scriptura non utatur convenientibus verbis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2682 ad exprimendum opera sex dierum. Sicut enim lux et firmamentum et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2683 huiusmodi opera per Dei verbum sunt facta, ita caelum et terra,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2684 quia omnia per ipsum facta sunt, ut dicitur Ioan. I. Ergo in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2685 creatione caeli et terrae debuit fieri mentio de verbo Dei, sicut
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2686 in aliis operibus.</p><p title="I q. 74 a. 3 arg. 2"><a name="31434"><span class="ref">[31434] Iª q. 74 a. 3 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea, aqua
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2687 est creata a Deo, quae tamen creata non commemoratur.
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2688 Insufficienter ergo rerum creatio describitur.</p><p title="I q. 74 a. 3 arg. 3"><a name="31435"><span class="ref">[31435] Iª q. 74 a. 3 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea, sicut
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2689 dicitur Gen. I, <i>vidit Deus cuncta quae fecerat, et erant valde
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2690 bona</i>. In singulis ergo operibus debuit dici, vidit Deus quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2691 esset bonum. Inconvenienter ergo praetermittitur in opere
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2692 creationis, et in opere secundae diei.</p><p title="I q. 74 a. 3 arg. 4"><a name="31436"><span class="ref">[31436] Iª q. 74 a. 3 arg. 4</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2693 spiritus Dei est Deus. Deo autem non competit ferri, nec situm
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2694 habere. Inconvenienter ergo dicitur quod <i>spiritus Dei ferebatur
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2695 super aquas</i>.</p><p title="I q. 74 a. 3 arg. 5"><a name="31437"><span class="ref">[31437] Iª q. 74 a. 3 arg. 5</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2696 nullus facit quod iam factum est. Inconvenienter ergo, postquam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2697 dictum est, <i>dixit Deus, fiat firmamentum, et factum est ita</i>,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2698 subditur, <i>et fecit Deus firmamentum</i>. Et similiter in aliis
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2699 operibus.</p><p title="I q. 74 a. 3 arg. 6"><a name="31438"><span class="ref">[31438] Iª q. 74 a. 3 arg. 6</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2700 vespere et mane non sufficienter dividunt diem, cum sint plures
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2701 partes diei. Ergo inconvenienter dicitur quod <i>factum est vespere
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2702 et mane dies secundus, vel tertius</i>.</p><p title="I q. 74 a. 3 arg. 7"><a name="31439"><span class="ref">[31439] Iª q. 74 a. 3 arg. 7</span></a> Praeterea,
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2703 secundo et tertio non convenienter correspondet unum, sed primum.
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2704 Debuit ergo dici, factum est vespere et mane dies primus, ubi
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2705 dicitur dies unus.</p><p title="I q. 74 a. 3 ad 1"><a name="31440"><span class="ref">[31440] Iª q. 74 a. 3 ad 1</span></a> Respondeo dicendum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2706 ad primum, quod secundum Augustinum, persona filii commemoratur tam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2707 in prima rerum creatione, quam in rerum distinctione et ornatu;
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2708 aliter tamen et aliter. Distinctio enim et ornatus pertinet ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2709 rerum formationem. Sicut autem formatio artificiatorum est per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2710 formam artis quae est in mente artificis, quae potest dici
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2711 intelligibile verbum ipsius; ita formatio totius creaturae est per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2712 verbum Dei. Et ideo in opere distinctionis et ornatus fit mentio de
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2713 verbo. In creatione autem commemoratur filius ut principium, cum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2714 dicitur, <i>in principio creavit Deus</i>, quia per creationem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2715 intelligitur productio informis materiae. Secundum vero alios, qui
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2716 ponunt primo creata elementa sub propriis formis, oportet aliter
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2717 dici. Basilius enim dicit quod per hoc quod dicitur, dixit Deus,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2718 importatur divinum imperium. Prius autem oportuit produci creaturam
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2719 quae obediret, quam fieri mentionem de divino imperio.</p><p title="I q. 74 a. 3 ad 2"><a name="31441"><span class="ref">[31441] Iª q. 74 a. 3 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2720 dicendum quod, secundum Augustinum, per caelum intelligitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2721 spiritualis natura informis; per terram autem materia informis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2722 omnium corporum. Et sic nulla creatura est praetermissa. Secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2723 Basilium vero, ponuntur caelum et terra tanquam duo extrema, ut ex
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2724 his intelligantur media; praecipue quia omnium mediorum motus vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2725 est ad caelum ut levium, vel ad terram, ut gravium. Alii vero
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2726 dicunt quod sub nomine terrae comprehendere solet Scriptura omnia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2727 quatuor elementa. Unde in Psalmo CXLVIII, postquam dictum est,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2728 laudate dominum de terra, subditur, ignis, grando, nix,
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2729 glacies.</p><p title="I q. 74 a. 3 ad 3"><a name="31442"><span class="ref">[31442] Iª q. 74 a. 3 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2730 dicendum quod in opere creationis ponitur aliquid correspondens ei
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2731 quod dicitur in opere distinctionis et ornatus, vidit Deus hoc vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2732 illud esse bonum. Ad cuius evidentiam, considerandum est quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2733 spiritus sanctus amor est. <i>Duo autem sunt</i>, ut Augustinus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2734 dicit I super Gen. ad Litt., <i>propter quae Deus amat creaturam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2735 suam, scilicet ut sit, et ut permaneat. Ut ergo esset quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2736 permaneret, dicitur quod spiritus Dei ferebatur super aquam</i>
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2737 (secundum quod per aquam materia informis intelligitur; sicut amor
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2738 artificis fertur super materiam aliquam, ut ex ea formet opus),
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2739 <i>ut autem maneret quod fecerat, dicitur, vidit Deus quod esset
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2740 bonum</i>. In hoc enim significatur quaedam complacentia Dei
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2741 opificis in re facta, non quod alio modo cognosceret, aut placeret
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2742 ei creatura iam facta, quam antequam faceret. Et sic in utroque
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2743 opere creationis et formationis, Trinitas personarum insinuatur. In
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2744 creatione quidem, persona patris per Deum creantem; persona filii,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2745 per principium in quo creavit; spiritus sancti, qui superfertur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2746 aquis. In formatione vero, persona patris in Deo dicente; persona
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2747 vero filii, in verbo quo dicitur; persona spiritus sancti, in
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2748 complacentia qua vidit Deus esse bonum quod factum erat. In opere
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2749 vero secundae diei non ponitur, vidit Deus quod esset bonum, quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2750 opus distinctionis aquarum tunc inchoatur, et in tertio die
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2751 perficitur, unde quod ponitur in tertia die, refertur etiam ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2752 secundam. Vel, quia distinctio quae ponitur secunda die, est de his
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2753 quae non sunt manifesta populo, ideo huiusmodi approbatione
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2754 Scriptura non utitur. Vel iterum propter hoc, quod per firmamentum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2755 intelligitur aer nubilosus, qui non est de partibus permanentibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2756 in universo, seu de partibus principalibus mundi. Et has tres
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2757 rationes Rabbi Moyses ponit. Quidam autem assignant rationem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2758 mysticam ex parte numeri. Quia binarius ab unitate recedit, unde
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2759 opus secundae diei non approbatur.</p><p title="I q. 74 a. 3 ad 4"><a name="31443"><span class="ref">[31443] Iª q. 74 a. 3 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2760 dicendum quod Rabbi Moyses per spiritum domini intelligit aerem vel
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2761 ventum, sicut et Plato intellexit. Et dicit quod dicitur spiritus
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2762 domini, secundum quod Scriptura consuevit ubique flatum ventorum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2763 Deo attribuere. Sed secundum sanctos, per spiritum domini
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2764 intelligitur spiritus sanctus. Qui dicitur superferri aquae, idest
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2765 materiae informi secundum Augustinum, <i>ne facienda opera sua
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2766 propter indigentiae necessitatem putaretur Deus amare, indigentiae
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2767 enim amor rebus quas diligit subiicitur. Commode, autem factum est,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2768 ut prius insinuaretur aliquid inchoatum, cui superferri diceretur,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2769 non enim superfertur loco, sed praeexcellente potentia</i>, ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2770 Augustinus dicit I super Gen. ad Litt. Secundum Basilium vero,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2771 super ferebatur elemento aquae; idest, <i>fovebat et vivificabat
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2772 aquarum naturam, ad similitudinem gallinae cubantis, vitalem
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2773 virtutem his quae foventur iniiciens</i>. Habet enim aqua praecipue
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2774 vitalem virtutem, quia plurima animalia generantur in aqua, et
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2775 omnium animalium semina sunt humida. Vita etiam spiritualis datur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2776 per aquam Baptismi, unde dicitur Ioan. III, <i>nisi quis renatus
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2777 fuerit ex aqua et spiritu sancto</i>.</p><p title="I q. 74 a. 3 ad 5"><a name="31444"><span class="ref">[31444] Iª q. 74 a. 3 ad 5</span></a> Ad quintum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2778 dicendum quod, secundum Augustinum, per illa tria designatur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2779 triplex esse rerum, primo quidem esse rerum in verbo, per hoc quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2780 dixit, fiat; secundo, esse rerum in mente angelica per hoc quod
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2781 dixit, factum est; tertio, esse rerum in propria natura, per hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2782 quod dixit, fecit. Et quia in primo die describitur formatio
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2783 Angelorum, non fuit necesse ut ibi adderetur, fecit. Secundum alios
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2784 vero, potest dici quod in hoc quod dicit, dixit Deus fiat,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2785 importatur imperium Dei de faciendo. Per hoc autem quod dicit,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2786 factum est, importatur complementum operis. Oportuit autem ut
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2787 subderetur quomodo factum fuit, praecipue propter illos qui
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2788 dixerunt omnia visibilia per Angelos facta. Et ideo ad hoc
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2789 removendum, subditur quod ipse Deus fecit. Unde in singulis
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2790 operibus, postquam dicitur, et factum est, aliquis actus Dei
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2791 subditur; vel fecit, vel distinxit, vel vocavit, vel aliquid
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2792 huiusmodi.</p><p title="I q. 74 a. 3 ad 6"><a name="31445"><span class="ref">[31445] Iª q. 74 a. 3 ad 6</span></a> Ad sextum dicendum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2793 quod, secundum Augustinum, per vespere et mane intelligitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2794 vespertina et matutina cognitio in Angelis, de quibus dictum est
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2795 supra. Vel, secundum Basilium, totum tempus consuevit denominari a
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2796 principaliori parte, scilicet a die, secundum quod dixit Iacob,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2797 dies peregrinationis meae, nulla mentione facta de nocte. Vespere
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2798 autem et mane ponuntur ut termini diei; cuius mane est principium,
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2799 sed vespere finis. Vel quia per vespere designatur principium
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2800 noctis, per mane principium diei. Congruum autem fuit, ut ubi
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2801 commemoratur prima distinctio rerum, sola principia temporum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2802 designarentur. Praemittitur autem vespere, quia, cum a luce dies
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2803 incoeperit, prius occurrit terminus lucis, quod est vespere, quam
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2804 terminus tenebrarum et noctis, quod est mane. Vel, secundum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2805 Chrysostomum, ut designetur quod dies naturalis non terminatur in
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2806 vespere, sed in mane.</p><p title="I q. 74 a. 3 ad 7"><a name="31446"><span class="ref">[31446] Iª q. 74 a. 3 ad 7</span></a> Ad septimum
28 544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2807 dicendum quod dicitur unus dies in prima diei institutione, ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2808 designandum quod viginti quatuor horarum spatia pertinent ad unum
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2809 diem. Unde per hoc quod dicitur unus, praefigitur mensura diei
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2810 naturalis. Vel propter hoc, ut significaret diem consummari per
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2811 reditum solis ad unum et idem punctum. Vel quia completo septenario
544e12f679ad convert to xml ht parents: 26 diff changeset	2812 dierum, reditur ad primum diem, qui est unus cum octavo. Et has
53 d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2813 tres rationes Basilius assignat.</p></div></div><div class="centro"><br/>
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2814 <p><a href="sth1050.html"><img alt="age retro" border="0" align="middle" height="19" width="19" src="icons/ageretro.gif"/></a>
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2815 <a href="sth1075.html"><img alt="age ultra" border="0" align="middle" height="19" width="19" src="icons/ageultra.gif"/></a></p>
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2816 <br/>
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2817 <hr/>
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2818 <br/>
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2819 <address>© 2006 Fundación Tomás de Aquino quoad
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2820 hanc editionem<br/>
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2821 Iura omnia asservantur<br/>
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2822 OCLC nr. <a style="text-decoration=none" href="http://worldcatlibraries.org/wcpa/oclc/49644264">49644264</a></address>
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2823 </div></body>
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped ht parents: 28 diff changeset	2824 </html>

Mercurial > hg > Aquinas

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