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annotate summa/latin/sth4072.html @ 98:7bb6c5b189fc

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author ht
date Sat, 01 Nov 2014 15:27:37 +0000
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1 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
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2 <!DOCTYPE html
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3 PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "file:///c:/cygwin/usr/local/share/lib/xml/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
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4 <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="LA" lang="LA">
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5 <head>
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9 <meta content="text/javascript" http-equiv="Content-Script-Type"/>
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10 <meta content="Thomas de Aquino, Summa Theologiae, Corpus Thomisticum" name="keywords"/>
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11 <meta content="Latin" name="language"/>
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13 <meta content="ealarcon@unav.es" name="owner"/>
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14 <meta content="Enrique Alarcón" name="author"/>
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15 <meta content="" name="abstract"/>
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17 <link type="text/css" href="vprint.css" media="print" rel="stylesheet"/>
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18 <title>Thomas de Aquino, Summa Theologiae, IIIª q. 72</title>
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19 </head>
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20 <body><a href="http://www.corpusthomisticum.org/"/><div class="tres">CORPUS THOMISTICUM</div><div class="uno">Sancti Thomae de Aquino</div><div class="uno">Summa Theologiae</div><div class="dos">tertia pars quaestio LXXII</div><div class="centro">
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21 <table summary="Imago" align="center">
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22 <tr>
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23 <th><img align="middle" alt="Thomas de Aquino a Sassetta depictus" border="0" height="180" width="204" src="icons/bene180.jpg"/></th>
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24 </tr>
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25 </table>
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26 <br/>
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27 <span class="tres">Textum Leoninum Romae 1906 editum<br/>
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28 ac automato translatum a Roberto Busa SJ in taenias
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29 magneticas<br/>
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30 denuo recognovit Enrique Alarcón atque instruxit<br/>
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31 <br/></span><br/>
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32 <hr/>
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33 <br/>
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34 <p><a href="sth4066.html"><img alt="age retro" border="0" align="middle" height="19" width="19" src="icons/ageretro.gif"/></a>  
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35 <a href="sth4073.html"><img alt="age ultra" border="0" align="middle" height="19" width="19" src="icons/ageultra.gif"/></a></p>
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36 <script type="text/javascript" language="JavaScript">
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37 //
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38 &lt;!--
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39 // original code by Bill Trefzger 12/12/96; revised by Enrique Alarcon 12/9/2000
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137 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#50401"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 72 a. 11 arg. 3');
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138 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#50402"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 72 a. 11 s. c.');
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139 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#50403"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 72 a. 11 co.');
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140 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#50404"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 72 a. 11 ad 1');
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141 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#50405"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 72 a. 11 ad 2');
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142 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#50406"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 72 a. 11 ad 3');
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143 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#50407"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 72 a. 12 arg. 1');
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144 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#50408"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 72 a. 12 arg. 2');
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145 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#50409"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 72 a. 12 arg. 3');
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146 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#50410"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 72 a. 12 s. c.');
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147 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#50411"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 72 a. 12 co.');
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148 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#50412"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 72 a. 12 ad 1');
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149 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#50413"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 72 a. 12 ad 2');
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150 document.write('&lt;OPTION VALUE="#50414"&gt;III&amp;ordf; q. 72 a. 12 ad 3');
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151 document.write('&lt;\/SELECT&gt;');
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152 document.write('&lt;BR&gt;&lt;BR&gt;');
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153 document.write('&lt;INPUT TYPE="button" VALUE="Agedum" ONCLICK="go()"&gt;');
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154 document.write('&lt;\/FORM&gt;');
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155 // --&gt;
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156 //
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157 </script><br/>
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158 <hr/>
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159 <br/></div><div class="q" id="q72"><h2>Quaestio 72</h2><div class="p"><h3>Prooemium</h3><p title="III q. 72 pr."><a name="50312"><span class="ref">[50312]
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160 IIIª q. 72 pr.</span></a> Consequenter considerandum est de
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161 sacramento confirmationis. Et circa hoc quaeruntur duodecim. Primo,
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162 utrum confirmatio sit sacramentum. Secundo, de materia eius.
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163 Tertio, utrum sit de necessitate sacramenti quod chrisma fuerit
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164 prius per episcopum consecratum. Quarto, de forma ipsius. Quinto,
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165 utrum imprimat characterem. Sexto, utrum character confirmationis
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166 praesupponat characterem baptismalem. Septimo, utrum conferat
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167 gratiam. Octavo, cui competat recipere hoc sacramentum. Nono, in
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168 qua parte. Decimo, utrum requiratur aliquis qui teneat
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169 confirmandum. Undecimo, utrum hoc sacramentum per solos episcopos
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170 detur. Duodecimo, de ritu eius.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 1</h3><p title="III q. 72 a. 1 arg. 1"><a name="50313"><span class="ref">[50313] IIIª q. 72 a. 1 arg. 1</span></a> Ad primum sic
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171 proceditur. Videtur quod confirmatio non sit sacramentum.
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172 Sacramenta enim ex divina institutione efficaciam habent, sicut
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173 supra dictum est. Sed confirmatio non legitur a Christo instituta.
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174 Ergo non est sacramentum.</p><p title="III q. 72 a. 1 arg. 2"><a name="50314"><span class="ref">[50314] IIIª q. 72 a. 1 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
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175 sacramenta novae legis in veteri praefigurata fuerunt, ut apostolus
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176 dicit, I Cor. X, quod <i>omnes in Moyse baptizati sunt in nube et
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177 in mari, et omnes eandem spiritualem escam manducaverunt, et omnes
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178 eundem potum spiritualem biberunt</i>. Sed confirmatio non fuit
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179 praefigurata in veteri testamento. Ergo non est sacramentum.</p><p title="III q. 72 a. 1 arg. 3"><a name="50315"><span class="ref">[50315] IIIª q. 72 a. 1 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
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180 sacramenta ordinantur ad hominum salutem. Sed sine confirmatione
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181 potest esse salus, nam pueri baptizati sine confirmatione
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182 decedentes salvantur. Ergo confirmatio non est sacramentum.</p><p title="III q. 72 a. 1 arg. 4"><a name="50316"><span class="ref">[50316] IIIª q. 72 a. 1 arg. 4</span></a> Praeterea, per
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183 omnia sacramenta Ecclesiae homo Christo conformatur, qui est
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184 sacramentorum auctor. Sed per confirmationem homo Christo
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185 conformari non potest, qui non legitur esse confirmatus.</p><p title="III q. 72 a. 1 s. c."><a name="50317"><span class="ref">[50317] IIIª q. 72 a. 1 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
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186 quod Melchiades Papa scribit Hispaniarum episcopis, <i>de his super
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187 quibus rogastis nos vos informari, idest, utrum maius sit
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188 sacramentum manus impositio episcoporum an Baptismus, scitote
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189 utrumque magnum esse sacramentum</i>.</p><p title="III q. 72 a. 1 co."><a name="50318"><span class="ref">[50318] IIIª q. 72 a. 1 co.</span></a> Respondeo
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190 dicendum quod sacramenta novae legis ordinantur ad speciales
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191 gratiae effectus, et ideo, ubi occurrit aliquis specialis effectus
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192 gratiae, ibi ordinatur speciale sacramentum. Quia vero sensibilia
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193 et corporalia gerunt spiritualium et intelligibilium similitudinem,
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194 ex his quae in vita corporali aguntur, percipere possumus quid in
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195 spirituali vita speciale existat. Manifestum est autem quod in vita
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196 corporali specialis quaedam perfectio est quod homo ad perfectam
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197 aetatem perveniat, et perfectas actiones hominis agere possit, unde
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198 et apostolus dicit, I Cor. XIII, <i>cum autem factus sum vir,
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199 evacuavi quae erant parvuli</i>. Et inde etiam est quod, praeter
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200 motum generationis, quo aliquis accipit vitam corporalem, est motus
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201 augmenti, quo aliquis perducitur ad perfectam aetatem. Sic igitur
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202 et vitam spiritualem homo accipit per Baptismum, qui est
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203 spiritualis regeneratio. In confirmatione autem homo accipit quasi
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204 quandam aetatem perfectam spiritualis vitae. Unde Melchiades Papa
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205 dicit, <i>spiritus sanctus, qui super aquas Baptismi salutifero
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206 descendit lapsu, in fonte plenitudinem tribuit ad innocentiam, in
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207 confirmatione augmentum praestat ad gratiam. In Baptismo
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208 regeneramur ad vitam, post Baptismum roboramur</i>. Et ideo
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209 manifestum est quod confirmatio est speciale sacramentum.</p><p title="III q. 72 a. 1 ad 1"><a name="50319"><span class="ref">[50319] IIIª q. 72 a. 1 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
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210 dicendum quod circa institutionem huius sacramenti est triplex
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211 opinio. Quidam enim dixerunt quod hoc sacramentum non fuit
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212 institutum nec a Christo nec ab apostolis, sed postea processu
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213 temporis in quodam Concilio. Alii vero dixerunt quod fuit
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214 institutum ab apostolis. Sed hoc non potest esse, quia instituere
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215 novum sacramentum pertinet ad potestatem excellentiae, quae
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216 competit soli Christo. Et ideo dicendum quod Christus instituit hoc
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217 sacramentum, non exhibendo, sed promittendo, secundum illud Ioan.
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218 XVI, <i>nisi ego abiero, Paraclitus non veniet ad vos, si autem
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219 abiero, mittam eum ad vos</i>. Et hoc ideo quia in hoc sacramento
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220 datur plenitudo spiritus sancti, quae non erat danda ante Christi
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221 resurrectionem et ascensionem, secundum illud Ioan. VII, <i>nondum
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222 erat spiritus datus, quia Iesus nondum erat glorificatus</i>.</p><p title="III q. 72 a. 1 ad 2"><a name="50320"><span class="ref">[50320] IIIª q. 72 a. 1 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
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223 dicendum quod confirmatio est sacramentum plenitudinis gratiae, et
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224 ideo non potuit habere aliquid respondens in veteri lege, quia
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225 <i>nihil ad perfectum adduxit lex</i>, ut dicitur Heb. VII.</p><p title="III q. 72 a. 1 ad 3"><a name="50321"><span class="ref">[50321] IIIª q. 72 a. 1 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
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226 dicendum quod, sicut supra dictum est, omnia sacramenta sunt
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227 aliqualiter necessaria ad salutem, sed quaedam sine quibus non est
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228 salus, quaedam vero sicut quae operantur ad perfectionem salutis.
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229 Et hoc modo confirmatio est de necessitate salutis, quamvis sine ea
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230 possit esse salus, dummodo non praetermittatur ex contemptu
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231 sacramenti.</p><p title="III q. 72 a. 1 ad 4"><a name="50322"><span class="ref">[50322] IIIª q. 72 a. 1 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
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232 dicendum quod illi qui confirmationem accipiunt, quae est
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233 sacramentum plenitudinis gratiae, Christo conformantur inquantum
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234 ipse a primo instanti suae conceptionis fuit <i>plenus gratiae et
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235 veritatis</i>, ut dicitur Ioan. I. Quae quidem plenitudo declarata
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236 est in Baptismo, quando <i>spiritus sanctus descendit corporali
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237 specie super eum</i>. Unde et Luc. IV dicitur quod <i>Iesus plenus
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238 spiritus sancto regressus est a Iordane</i>. Non autem conveniebat
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239 dignitati Christi, qui est sacramentorum auctor, ut a sacramento
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240 plenitudinem gratiae acciperet.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 2</h3><p title="III q. 72 a. 2 arg. 1"><a name="50323"><span class="ref">[50323] IIIª q. 72 a. 2 arg. 1</span></a> Ad secundum
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241 sic proceditur. Videtur quod chrisma non sit conveniens materia
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242 huius sacramenti. Hoc enim sacramentum, ut dictum est, institutum
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243 est a Christo promittente discipulis spiritum sanctum. Sed ipse
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244 misit eis spiritum sanctum absque chrismatis unctione. Ipsi etiam
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245 apostoli hoc sacramentum conferebant per solam manus impositionem,
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246 absque chrismate, dicitur enim Act. VIII quod <i>apostoli
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247 imponebant manus super baptizatos, et accipiebant spiritum
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248 sanctum</i>. Ergo chrisma non est materia huius sacramenti, quia
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249 materia est de necessitate sacramenti.</p><p title="III q. 72 a. 2 arg. 2"><a name="50324"><span class="ref">[50324] IIIª q. 72 a. 2 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
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250 confirmatio quodammodo perficit sacramentum Baptismi, sicut supra
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251 dictum est, et ita debet ei conformari sicut perfectio
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252 perfectibili. Sed in Baptismo est materia simplex elementum,
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253 scilicet aqua. Ergo huius sacramenti non est conveniens materia
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254 chrisma, quod conficitur ex oleo et balsamo.</p><p title="III q. 72 a. 2 arg. 3"><a name="50325"><span class="ref">[50325] IIIª q. 72 a. 2 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
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255 oleum assumitur in materia huius sacramenti ad inungendum. Sed
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256 quolibet oleo potest fieri inunctio, puta oleo quod fit ex nucibus,
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257 et ex quibuscumque aliis rebus. Non ergo solum oleum olivarum debet
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258 assumi ad huiusmodi sacramentum.</p><p title="III q. 72 a. 2 arg. 4"><a name="50326"><span class="ref">[50326] IIIª q. 72 a. 2 arg. 4</span></a> Praeterea,
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259 supra dictum est quod aqua assumitur ut materia ad baptizandum quia
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260 ubique de facili invenitur. Sed oleum olivarum non ubique
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261 invenitur, et multo minus balsamum. Non ergo chrisma, quod ex his
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262 conficitur, est conveniens materia huius sacramenti.</p><p title="III q. 72 a. 2 s. c."><a name="50327"><span class="ref">[50327] IIIª q. 72 a. 2 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
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263 quod Gregorius dicit, in registro, <i>presbyteri baptizatos
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264 infantes signare in frontibus sacro chrismate non praesumant</i>.
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265 Ergo chrisma est materia huius sacramenti.</p><p title="III q. 72 a. 2 co."><a name="50328"><span class="ref">[50328] IIIª q. 72 a. 2 co.</span></a> Respondeo
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266 dicendum quod chrisma est conveniens materia huius sacramenti.
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267 Sicut enim dictum est, in hoc sacramento datur plenitudo spiritus
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268 sancti ad robur spirituale, quod competit perfectae aetati. Homo
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269 autem, cum ad perfectam aetatem pervenerit, incipit iam communicare
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270 actiones suas ad alios, antea vero quasi singulariter sibi ipsi
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271 vivit. Gratia vero spiritus sancti in oleo designatur, unde
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272 Christus dicitur esse, unctus oleo laetitiae, propter plenitudinem
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273 spiritus sancti quam habuit. Et ideo oleum competit materiae huius
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274 sacramenti. Admiscetur autem balsamum propter fragrantiam odoris,
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275 quae redundat ad alios, unde et apostolus dicit, II Cor. II,
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276 <i>Christi bonus odor sumus</i>, et cetera. Et licet multa alia
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277 sint odorifera, tamen praecipue accipitur balsamum, propter hoc
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278 quod habet praecipuum odorem, et quia etiam incorruptionem
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279 praestat, unde Eccli. XXIV dicitur, <i>quasi balsamum non mixtum
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280 odor meus</i>.</p><p title="III q. 72 a. 2 ad 1"><a name="50329"><span class="ref">[50329] IIIª q. 72 a. 2 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
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281 dicendum quod Christus ex potestate quam habet in sacramentis,
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282 contulit apostolis rem huius sacramenti, idest plenitudinem
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283 spiritus sancti, sine sacramento, eo quod ipsi <i>primitias
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284 spiritus sancti acceperunt</i>, sicut dicitur Rom. VIII.
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285 Nihilominus tamen aliquid conforme materiae huius sacramenti
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286 exhibitum fuit apostolis sensibiliter in collatione spiritus
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287 sancti. Quod enim spiritus sanctus sensibiliter super eos descendit
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288 in specie ignis, ad eandem significationem refertur ad quam
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289 refertur oleum, nisi quod ignis habet vim activam, oleum autem vim
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290 passivam, inquantum est materia et fomentum ignis. Et hoc satis
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291 competebat, nam per apostolos gratia spiritus sancti erat ad alios
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292 derivanda. Super apostolos etiam spiritus sanctus descendit in
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293 figura linguae. Quod ad idem refertur significandum quod significat
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294 balsamum, nisi quod lingua per locutionem est communicativa ad
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295 alterum, balsamum vero per odorem; quia scilicet apostoli
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296 replebantur spiritu sancto ut fidei doctores, alii vero fideles ut
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297 operatores eorum quae pertinent ad aedificationem fidelium.
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298 Similiter etiam ad impositionem manus apostolorum, et etiam ad
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299 eorum praedicationem, descendebat plenitudo spiritus sancti super
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300 fideles sub visibilibus signis, sicut a principio descenderat super
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301 apostolos, unde Petrus dicit, Act. XI, <i>cum coepissem loqui,
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302 cecidit spiritus sanctus super eos, sicut et in nos in initio</i>.
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303 Et ideo non erat necessaria sensibilis materia sacramentalis, ubi
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304 sensibilia signa miraculose exhibebantur divinitus. Utebantur tamen
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305 apostoli communiter chrismate in exhibitione sacramenti, quando
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306 huiusmodi visibilia signa non exhibebantur. Dicit enim Dionysius,
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307 IV cap. Eccl. Hier., <i>est quaedam perfectiva operatio, quam duces
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308 nostri, idest apostoli, chrismatis hostiam nominant</i>.</p><p title="III q. 72 a. 2 ad 2"><a name="50330"><span class="ref">[50330] IIIª q. 72 a. 2 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
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309 dicendum quod Baptismus datur ad spiritualem vitam simpliciter
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310 consequendam, et ideo competit illi sacramento materia simplex. Sed
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311 hoc sacramentum datur ad plenitudinem consequendam spiritus sancti,
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312 cuius est multiformis operatio, secundum illud Sap. VII, <i>est
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313 autem in illa spiritus sanctus, unicus, multiplex</i>, et I Cor.
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314 XII dicitur, <i>divisiones gratiarum sunt, idem autem spiritus</i>.
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315 Et ideo convenienter huius sacramenti est materia composita.</p><p title="III q. 72 a. 2 ad 3"><a name="50331"><span class="ref">[50331] IIIª q. 72 a. 2 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
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316 dicendum quod proprietates olei quibus significatur spiritus
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317 sanctus, magis inveniuntur in oleo olivarum quam in quocumque alio
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318 oleo. Unde et ipsa oliva, semper frondibus virens, virorem et
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319 misericordiam spiritus sancti significat. Hoc etiam oleum proprie
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320 dicitur oleum, et maxime habetur in usu ubi haberi potest. Quilibet
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321 autem alius liquor ex similitudine huius oleum nominatur, nec est
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322 in usu communi, nisi in supplementum apud eos quibus deest oleum
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323 olivarum. Et ideo hoc oleum solum assumitur in usum huius et
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324 quorundam aliorum sacramentorum.</p><p title="III q. 72 a. 2 ad 4"><a name="50332"><span class="ref">[50332] IIIª q. 72 a. 2 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
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325 dicendum quod Baptismus est sacramentum absolutae necessitatis, et
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326 ideo eius materia debet ubique inveniri. Sufficit autem quod
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327 materia huius sacramenti, quod non est tantae necessitatis, possit
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328 de facili ad omnia loca terrarum deferri.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 3</h3><p title="III q. 72 a. 3 arg. 1"><a name="50333"><span class="ref">[50333] IIIª q. 72 a. 3 arg. 1</span></a> Ad tertium sic
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329 proceditur. Videtur quod non sit de necessitate huius sacramenti
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330 quod chrisma, quod est materia huius sacramenti, fuerit prius per
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331 episcopum consecratum. Baptismus enim, in quo fit plena remissio
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332 peccatorum, non est minoris efficaciae quam hoc sacramentum. Sed,
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333 licet quaedam sanctificatio adhibeatur aquae baptismali ante
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334 Baptismum, non tamen est de necessitate sacramenti, quia in
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335 articulo necessitatis praeteriri potest. Ergo nec est de
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336 necessitate huius sacramenti quod chrisma fuerit per episcopum
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337 consecratum.</p><p title="III q. 72 a. 3 arg. 2"><a name="50334"><span class="ref">[50334] IIIª q. 72 a. 3 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
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338 idem non debet bis consecrari. Sed materia sacramenti sanctificatur
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339 in ipsa collatione sacramenti per formam verborum qua confertur
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340 sacramentum, unde et Augustinus dicit, super Ioan., <i>accedit
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341 verbum ad elementum et fit sacramentum</i>. Non ergo debet prius
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342 chrisma consecrari quam hoc sacramentum tradatur.</p><p title="III q. 72 a. 3 arg. 3"><a name="50335"><span class="ref">[50335] IIIª q. 72 a. 3 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
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343 omnis consecratio quae fit in sacramentis, ad consecutionem gratiae
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344 ordinatur. Sed materia sensibilis confecta ex oleo et balsamo non
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345 est capax gratiae. Ergo non debet ei aliqua consecratio
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346 adhiberi.</p><p title="III q. 72 a. 3 s. c."><a name="50336"><span class="ref">[50336] IIIª q. 72 a. 3 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
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347 quod Innocentius Papa dicit, <i>presbyteris, cum baptizant, ungere
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348 baptizatos chrismate liceat, quod ab episcopo fuerat consecratum,
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349 non tamen frontem ex eodem oleo signare, quod solis debetur
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350 episcopis, cum tradunt Paraclitum</i>; quod quidem fit in hoc
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351 sacramento. Ergo ad hoc sacramentum requiritur quod materia huius
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352 sacramenti prius per episcopum consecretur.</p><p title="III q. 72 a. 3 co."><a name="50337"><span class="ref">[50337] IIIª q. 72 a. 3 co.</span></a> Respondeo
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353 dicendum quod tota sacramentorum sanctificatio a Christo derivatur,
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354 ut supra dictum est. Est autem considerandum quod quibusdam
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355 sacramentis habentibus materiam corpoream Christus est usus,
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356 scilicet Baptismo et etiam Eucharistia. Et ideo ex ipso usu Christi
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357 materiae horum sacramentorum aptitudinem acceperunt ad perfectionem
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358 sacramenti. Unde Chrysostomus dicit quod <i>nunquam aquae Baptismi
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359 purgare peccata credentium possent, nisi tactu dominici corporis
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360 sanctificatae fuissent</i>. Et ipse similiter dominus, accipiens
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361 panem, benedixit, similiter autem et calicem, ut habetur Matth.
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362 XXVI et Luc. XXII. Et propter hoc non est de necessitate horum
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363 sacramentorum quod materia prius benedicatur, quia sufficit
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364 benedictio Christi. Si qua vero benedictio adhibeatur, pertinet ad
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365 solemnitatem sacramenti, non autem ad necessitatem. Unctionibus
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366 autem visibilibus Christus non est usus, ne fieret iniuria
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367 invisibili unctioni qua est unctus prae consortibus suis. Et ideo
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368 tam chrisma quam oleum sanctum et oleum infirmorum prius
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369 benedicuntur quam adhibeantur ad usum sacramenti.</p><p title="III q. 72 a. 3 ad 1"><a name="50338"><span class="ref">[50338] IIIª q. 72 a. 3 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
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370 patet responsio ex dictis.</p><p title="III q. 72 a. 3 ad 2"><a name="50339"><span class="ref">[50339] IIIª q. 72 a. 3 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
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371 dicendum quod utraque consecratio chrismatis non refertur ad idem.
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372 Sicut enim instrumentum virtutem instrumentalem acquirit
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373 dupliciter, scilicet quando accipit formam instrumenti, et quando
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374 movetur a principali agente ita etiam materia sacramenti duplici
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375 sanctificatione indiget, per quarum unam fit propria materia
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376 sacramenti, per aliam vero applicatur ad effectum.</p><p title="III q. 72 a. 3 ad 3"><a name="50340"><span class="ref">[50340] IIIª q. 72 a. 3 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
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377 dicendum quod materia corporalis non est capax gratiae quasi
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378 gratiae subiectum, sed solum sicut gratiae instrumentum, ut supra
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379 dictum est. Et ad hoc materia sacramenti consecratur, vel ab ipso
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380 Christo, vel ab episcopo, qui gerit in Ecclesia personam
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381 Christi.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 4</h3><p title="III q. 72 a. 4 arg. 1"><a name="50341"><span class="ref">[50341] IIIª q. 72 a. 4 arg. 1</span></a> Ad quartum sic
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382 proceditur. Videtur quod haec non sit conveniens forma huius
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383 sacramenti, <i>consigno te signo crucis, confirmo te chrismate
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384 salutis, in nomine patris et filii et spiritus sancti, amen</i>.
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385 Usus enim sacramentorum a Christo et ab apostolis derivatur. Sed
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386 neque Christus hanc formam instituit, nec apostoli ea usi leguntur.
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387 Ergo haec non est conveniens forma huius sacramenti.</p><p title="III q. 72 a. 4 arg. 2"><a name="50342"><span class="ref">[50342] IIIª q. 72 a. 4 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
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388 sicut sacramentum est idem apud omnes, ita et forma debet esse
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389 eadem, quia quaelibet res habet unitatem, sicut et esse, a sua
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390 forma. Sed hac forma non omnes utuntur, quidam enim dicunt,
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391 <i>confirmo te chrismate sanctificationis</i>. Ergo haec non est
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392 conveniens forma huius sacramenti.</p><p title="III q. 72 a. 4 arg. 3"><a name="50343"><span class="ref">[50343] IIIª q. 72 a. 4 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
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393 sacramentum hoc debet conformari Baptismo sicut perfectio
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394 perfectibili, ut supra dictum est. Sed in forma Baptismi non fit
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395 mentio de consignatione characteris; nec etiam de cruce Christi,
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396 cum tamen per Baptismum homo Christo commoriatur, ut apostolus
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397 dicit, Rom. VI; nec etiam fit mentio de effectu salutis, cum tamen
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398 Baptismus sit de necessitate salutis. In forma etiam Baptismi
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399 ponitur unus actus tantum; et exprimitur persona baptizantis, cum
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400 dicitur, ego te baptizo; cuius contrarium apparet in forma
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401 praedicta. Non ergo est conveniens forma huius sacramenti.</p><p title="III q. 72 a. 4 s. c."><a name="50344"><span class="ref">[50344] IIIª q. 72 a. 4 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
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402 auctoritas Ecclesiae, quae hac forma communiter utitur.</p><p title="III q. 72 a. 4 co."><a name="50345"><span class="ref">[50345] IIIª q. 72 a. 4 co.</span></a> Respondeo
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403 dicendum quod praedicta forma est conveniens huic sacramento. Sicut
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404 enim forma rei naturalis dat ei speciem, ita forma sacramenti
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405 continere debet quidquid pertinet ad speciem sacramenti. Sicut
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406 autem ex supra dictis patet, in hoc sacramento datur spiritus
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407 sanctus ad robur spiritualis pugnae. Et ideo in hoc sacramento tria
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408 sunt necessaria, quae continentur in forma praedicta. Quorum primum
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409 est causa conferens plenitudinem roboris spiritualis, quae est
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410 sancta Trinitas. Quae exprimitur cum dicitur, in nomine patris et
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411 cetera. Secundum est ipsum robur spirituale, quod homini confertur
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412 per sacramentum materiae visibilis ad salutem. Quod quidem tangitur
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413 cum dicitur, confirmo te chrismate salutis. Tertium est signum quod
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414 pugnatori datur, sicut et in pugna corporali, sicut milites signis
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415 ducum insigniuntur. Et quantum ad hoc dicitur, consigno te signo
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416 crucis, in quo scilicet <i>rex noster triumphavit</i>, ut dicitur
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417 Coloss. II.</p><p title="III q. 72 a. 4 ad 1"><a name="50346"><span class="ref">[50346] IIIª q. 72 a. 4 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
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418 dicendum quod, sicut supra dictum est, per ministerium apostolorum
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419 quandoque dabatur effectus huius sacramenti, scilicet plenitudo
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420 spiritus sancti, quibusdam visibilibus signis miraculose a Deo
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421 confectis, qui potest effectum sacramenti sine sacramento conferre.
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422 Et tunc non erat necessaria nec materia nec forma huius sacramenti.
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423 Quandoque autem tanquam ministri sacramentorum hoc sacramentum
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424 praebebant. Et tunc, sicut materia, ita et forma ex mandato Christi
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425 utebantur. Multa enim servabant apostoli in sacramentorum
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426 collatione quae in Scripturis communiter propositis non sunt
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427 tradita. Unde Dionysius dicit, in fine Eccl. Hier.,
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428 <i>consummativas invocationes</i>, idest verba quibus perficiuntur
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429 sacramenta, <i>non est iustum Scripturas interpretantibus, neque
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430 mysticum earum, aut in ipsis operatas ex Deo virtutes, ex occulto
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431 ad commune adducere, sed nostra sacra traditio sine pompa, idest
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432 occulte, edocet eas</i>. Unde et apostolus dicit, loquens de
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433 celebratione Eucharistiae, I Cor. XI, <i>cetera cum venero
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434 disponam</i>.</p><p title="III q. 72 a. 4 ad 2"><a name="50347"><span class="ref">[50347] IIIª q. 72 a. 4 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
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435 dicendum quod sanctitas est salutis causa. Et ideo in idem redit
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436 quod dicitur chrismate salutis, et sanctificationis.</p><p title="III q. 72 a. 4 ad 3"><a name="50348"><span class="ref">[50348] IIIª q. 72 a. 4 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
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437 dicendum quod Baptismus est regeneratio in spiritualem vitam, qua
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438 homo vivit in seipso. Et ideo non ponitur in forma Baptismi nisi
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diff changeset
439 ipse actus ad ipsum hominem pertinens sanctificandum. Sed hoc
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diff changeset
440 sacramentum non solum ordinatur ad hoc quod homo sanctificetur in
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441 seipso, sed exponitur cuidam pugnae exteriori. Et ideo non solum
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442 fit mentio de interiori sanctificatione, cum dicitur, confirmo te
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diff changeset
443 chrismate salutis, sed etiam consignatur homo exterius, quasi
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diff changeset
444 vexillo crucis, ad pugnam exteriorem spiritualem, quod significatur
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diff changeset
445 cum dicitur, consigno te signo crucis. In ipso autem verbo
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diff changeset
446 baptizandi, quod ablutionem significat, potest intelligi et
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447 materia, quae est aqua abluens, et effectus salutis. Quae non
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448 intelliguntur in verbo confirmandi, et ideo oportuit haec ponere.
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449 Dictum est autem supra quod hoc quod dicitur, ego, non est de
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diff changeset
450 necessitate formae baptismalis, quia intelligitur in verbo primae
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451 personae. Apponitur tamen ad exprimendam intentionem. Quod non est
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452 ita necessarium in confirmatione, quae non exhibetur nisi ab
53
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453 excellenti ministro, ut infra dicetur.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 5</h3><p title="III q. 72 a. 5 arg. 1"><a name="50349"><span class="ref">[50349] IIIª q. 72 a. 5 arg. 1</span></a> Ad quintum sic
28
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454 proceditur. Videtur quod sacramentum confirmationis non imprimat
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diff changeset
455 characterem. Character enim importat quoddam signum distinctivum.
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diff changeset
456 Sed per sacramentum confirmationis non distinguitur homo ab
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diff changeset
457 infidelibus, hoc enim fit per Baptismum, nec etiam ab aliis
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diff changeset
458 fidelibus, quia hoc sacramentum ordinatur ad pugnam spiritualem,
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diff changeset
459 quae omnibus fidelibus indicitur. Non ergo in hoc sacramento
53
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460 imprimitur aliquis character.</p><p title="III q. 72 a. 5 arg. 2"><a name="50350"><span class="ref">[50350] IIIª q. 72 a. 5 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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diff changeset
461 supra dictum est quod character est quaedam potentia spiritualis.
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diff changeset
462 Potentia autem non est nisi activa vel passiva. Potentia autem
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463 activa in sacramentis confertur per sacramentum ordinis, potentia
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464 autem passiva, sive receptiva, per sacramentum Baptismi. Ergo per
53
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465 sacramentum confirmationis nullus character imprimitur.</p><p title="III q. 72 a. 5 arg. 3"><a name="50351"><span class="ref">[50351] IIIª q. 72 a. 5 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea, in
28
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diff changeset
466 circumcisione, quae est character corporalis, non imprimitur
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diff changeset
467 aliquis spiritualis character. Sed in hoc sacramento imprimitur
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diff changeset
468 quidam character corporalis, dum scilicet homo chrismate signatur
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469 signo crucis in fronte. Non ergo imprimitur in hoc sacramento
53
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470 character spiritualis.</p><p title="III q. 72 a. 5 s. c."><a name="50352"><span class="ref">[50352] IIIª q. 72 a. 5 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra, in
28
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471 omni sacramento quod non iteratur, imprimitur character. Sed hoc
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diff changeset
472 sacramentum non iteratur, dicit enim Gregorius, <i>de homine qui a
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473 pontifice confirmatus fuerit denuo, talis iteratio prohibenda
53
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474 est</i>. Ergo in confirmatione imprimitur character.</p><p title="III q. 72 a. 5 co."><a name="50353"><span class="ref">[50353] IIIª q. 72 a. 5 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
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diff changeset
475 dicendum quod, sicut supra dictum est, character est quaedam
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diff changeset
476 spiritualis potestas ad aliquas sacras actiones ordinata. Dictum
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diff changeset
477 est autem supra quod, sicut Baptismus est quaedam spiritualis
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diff changeset
478 generatio in vitam Christianam, ita etiam confirmatio est quoddam
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diff changeset
479 spirituale augmentum promovens hominem in spiritualem aetatem
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480 perfectam. Manifestum est autem ex similitudine corporalis vitae
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diff changeset
481 quod alia est actio hominis statim nati, et alia actio competit ei
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parents: 26
diff changeset
482 cum ad perfectam aetatem pervenerit. Et ideo per sacramentum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
483 confirmationis datur homini potestas spiritualis ad quasdam
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diff changeset
484 actiones alias sacras, praeter illas ad quas datur ei potestas in
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diff changeset
485 Baptismo. Nam in Baptismo accipit potestatem ad ea agenda quae ad
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diff changeset
486 propriam pertinent salutem, prout secundum seipsum vivit, sed in
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diff changeset
487 confirmatione accipit potestatem ad agendum ea quae pertinent ad
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diff changeset
488 pugnam spiritualem contra hostes fidei. Sicut patet exemplo
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diff changeset
489 apostolorum, qui, antequam plenitudinem spiritus sancti acciperent,
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490 erant in cenaculo perseverantes in oratione; postmodum autem
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491 egressi non verebantur fidem publice fateri, etiam coram inimicis
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diff changeset
492 fidei Christianae. Et ideo manifestum est quod in sacramento
53
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diff changeset
493 confirmationis imprimitur character.</p><p title="III q. 72 a. 5 ad 1"><a name="50354"><span class="ref">[50354] IIIª q. 72 a. 5 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28
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diff changeset
494 dicendum quod pugna spiritualis contra hostes invisibiles omnibus
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495 competit. Sed contra hostes visibiles, idest contra persecutores
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diff changeset
496 fidei pugnare, nomen Christi confitendo, est confirmatorum, qui iam
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diff changeset
497 sunt perducti spiritualiter ad virilem aetatem, secundum quod
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diff changeset
498 dicitur I Ioan. II, <i>scribo vobis, iuvenes, quoniam fortes estis,
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diff changeset
499 et verbum Dei in vobis manet, et vicistis malignum</i>. Et ideo
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diff changeset
500 character confirmationis est signum distinctivum, non infidelium a
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diff changeset
501 fidelibus, sed spiritualiter provectorum ab his quibus dicitur,
53
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502 <i>sicut modo geniti infantes</i>.</p><p title="III q. 72 a. 5 ad 2"><a name="50355"><span class="ref">[50355] IIIª q. 72 a. 5 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
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diff changeset
503 dicendum quod omnia sacramenta sunt quaedam fidei protestationes.
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504 Sicut igitur baptizatus accipit potestatem spiritualem ad
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505 protestandum fidem per susceptionem aliorum sacramentorum; ita
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diff changeset
506 confirmatus accipit potestatem publice fidem Christi verbis
53
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diff changeset
507 profitendi, quasi ex officio.</p><p title="III q. 72 a. 5 ad 3"><a name="50356"><span class="ref">[50356] IIIª q. 72 a. 5 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
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diff changeset
508 dicendum quod sacramenta veteris legis dicuntur iustitia carnis, ut
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diff changeset
509 patet Heb. IX, quia scilicet interius nihil efficiebant. Et ideo in
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parents: 26
diff changeset
510 circumcisione imprimebatur character solum in corpore, non autem in
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diff changeset
511 anima. Sed in confirmatione cum charactere corporali imprimitur
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diff changeset
512 simul character spiritualis, eo quod est sacramentum novae
53
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513 legis.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 6</h3><p title="III q. 72 a. 6 arg. 1"><a name="50357"><span class="ref">[50357] IIIª q. 72 a. 6 arg. 1</span></a> Ad sextum sic
28
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diff changeset
514 proceditur. Videtur quod character confirmationis non praesupponat
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diff changeset
515 ex necessitate characterem baptismalem. Sacramentum enim
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parents: 26
diff changeset
516 confirmationis ordinatur ad confitendum publice fidem Christi. Sed
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parents: 26
diff changeset
517 multi etiam ante Baptismum sunt fidem Christi publice confessi,
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diff changeset
518 sanguinem fundentes pro fide. Ergo character confirmationis non
53
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diff changeset
519 praesupponit characterem baptismalem.</p><p title="III q. 72 a. 6 arg. 2"><a name="50358"><span class="ref">[50358] IIIª q. 72 a. 6 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea, de
28
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diff changeset
520 apostolis non legitur quod fuerint baptizati, praesertim cum
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diff changeset
521 dicatur, Ioan. IV, quod <i>ipse Christus non baptizabat, sed
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diff changeset
522 discipuli eius</i>. Et tamen postea fuerunt confirmati per adventum
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diff changeset
523 spiritus sancti. Ergo similiter alii possunt confirmari antequam
53
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diff changeset
524 baptizentur.</p><p title="III q. 72 a. 6 arg. 3"><a name="50359"><span class="ref">[50359] IIIª q. 72 a. 6 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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diff changeset
525 Act. X dicitur quod, <i>adhuc loquente Petro, cecidit spiritus
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diff changeset
526 sanctus super omnes qui audiebant verbum, et audiebant eos
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diff changeset
527 loquentes linguis</i>, et postea iussit eos baptizari. Ergo pari
53
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diff changeset
528 ratione possunt alii prius confirmari quam baptizentur.</p><p title="III q. 72 a. 6 s. c."><a name="50360"><span class="ref">[50360] IIIª q. 72 a. 6 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28
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diff changeset
529 quod Rabanus dicit, de Institut. Cleric., <i>novissime a summo
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diff changeset
530 sacerdote per impositionem manus Paraclitus traditur baptizato, ut
53
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diff changeset
531 roboretur per spiritum sanctum ad praedicandum</i>.</p><p title="III q. 72 a. 6 co."><a name="50361"><span class="ref">[50361] IIIª q. 72 a. 6 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
532 dicendum quod character confirmationis ex necessitate praesupponit
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parents: 26
diff changeset
533 characterem baptismalem, ita scilicet quod, si aliquis non
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parents: 26
diff changeset
534 baptizatus confirmaretur, nihil reciperet, sed oporteret ipsum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
535 iterato confirmari post Baptismum. Cuius ratio est quia sic se
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parents: 26
diff changeset
536 habet confirmatio ad Baptismum sicut augmentum ad generationem, ut
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parents: 26
diff changeset
537 ex supra dictis patet. Manifestum est autem quod nullus potest
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
538 promoveri in aetatem perfectam nisi primo fuerit natus. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
539 similiter, nisi aliquis primo fuerit baptizatus, non potest
53
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diff changeset
540 sacramentum confirmationis accipere.</p><p title="III q. 72 a. 6 ad 1"><a name="50362"><span class="ref">[50362] IIIª q. 72 a. 6 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
541 dicendum quod virtus divina non est alligata sacramentis. Unde
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parents: 26
diff changeset
542 potest conferri homini spirituale robur ad confitendum publice
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parents: 26
diff changeset
543 fidem Christi absque sacramento confirmationis, sicut etiam potest
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parents: 26
diff changeset
544 consequi remissionem peccatorum sine Baptismo. Tamen, sicut nullus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
545 consequitur effectum Baptismi sine voto Baptismi, ita nullus
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parents: 26
diff changeset
546 consequitur effectum confirmationis sine voto ipsius. Quod potest
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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diff changeset
547 haberi etiam ante susceptionem Baptismi.</p><p title="III q. 72 a. 6 ad 2"><a name="50363"><span class="ref">[50363] IIIª q. 72 a. 6 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
548 dicendum quod, sicut Augustinus dicit, ex hoc quod dominus dicit,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
549 Ioan. XIII, <i>qui lotus est, non indiget nisi ut pedes lavet,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
550 intelligimus Petrum et alios Christi discipulos fuisse baptizatos,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
551 sive Baptismo Ioannis, sicut nonnulli arbitrantur; sive, quod magis
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parents: 26
diff changeset
552 credibile est, Baptismo Christi. Neque enim renuit ministerium
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
553 baptizandi, ut haberet servos per quos ceteros baptizaret</i>.</p><p title="III q. 72 a. 6 ad 3"><a name="50364"><span class="ref">[50364] IIIª q. 72 a. 6 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
554 dicendum quod audientes praedicationem Petri acceperunt effectum
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diff changeset
555 confirmationis miraculose, non tamen sacramentum confirmationis.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
556 Dictum est autem quod effectus confirmationis potest alicui
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parents: 26
diff changeset
557 conferri ante Baptismum, non autem sacramentum confirmationis.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
558 Sicut enim effectus confirmationis, qui est robur spirituale,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
559 praesupponit effectum Baptismi, qui est iustificatio, ita
53
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diff changeset
560 sacramentum confirmationis praesupponit sacramentum Baptismi.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 7</h3><p title="III q. 72 a. 7 arg. 1"><a name="50365"><span class="ref">[50365] IIIª q. 72 a. 7 arg. 1</span></a> Ad septimum
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
561 sic proceditur. Videtur quod per hoc sacramentum gratia gratum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
562 faciens non conferatur. Gratia enim gratum faciens ordinatur contra
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parents: 26
diff changeset
563 culpam. Sed hoc sacramentum, sicut dictum est, non exhibetur nisi
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parents: 26
diff changeset
564 baptizatis, qui sunt a culpa mundati. Ergo per hoc sacramentum
53
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diff changeset
565 gratia gratum faciens non confertur.</p><p title="III q. 72 a. 7 arg. 2"><a name="50366"><span class="ref">[50366] IIIª q. 72 a. 7 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
566 peccatores maxime indigent gratia gratum faciente, per quam solam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
567 iustificari possunt. Si ergo per hoc sacramentum gratia gratum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
568 faciens confertur, videtur quod deberet dari hominibus in peccato
53
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diff changeset
569 existentibus. Quod tamen non est verum.</p><p title="III q. 72 a. 7 arg. 3"><a name="50367"><span class="ref">[50367] IIIª q. 72 a. 7 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
570 gratia gratum faciens specie non differt, cum ad unum effectum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
571 ordinetur. Sed duae formae eiusdem speciei non possunt esse in
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parents: 26
diff changeset
572 eodem subiecto. Cum ergo gratia gratum faciens conferatur homini
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
573 per Baptismum, videtur quod per sacramentum confirmationis, quod
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diff changeset
574 non exhibetur nisi baptizato, gratia gratum faciens non
53
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diff changeset
575 conferatur.</p><p title="III q. 72 a. 7 s. c."><a name="50368"><span class="ref">[50368] IIIª q. 72 a. 7 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
576 quod Melchiades Papa dicit, <i>spiritus sanctus in fonte Baptismi
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parents: 26
diff changeset
577 plenitudinem tribuit ad innocentiam, in confirmatione augmentum
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
578 praestat ad gratiam</i>.</p><p title="III q. 72 a. 7 co."><a name="50369"><span class="ref">[50369] IIIª q. 72 a. 7 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
579 dicendum quod in hoc sacramento, sicut dictum est, datur baptizato
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
580 spiritus sanctus ad robur, sicut apostolis datus est in die
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
581 Pentecostes, ut legitur Act. II; et sicut dabatur baptizatis per
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parents: 26
diff changeset
582 impositionem manus apostolorum, ut dicitur Act. VIII. Ostensum est
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parents: 26
diff changeset
583 autem in prima parte quod missio seu datio spiritus sancti non est
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diff changeset
584 nisi cum gratia gratum faciente. Unde manifestum est quod gratia
53
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diff changeset
585 gratum faciens confertur in hoc sacramento.</p><p title="III q. 72 a. 7 ad 1"><a name="50370"><span class="ref">[50370] IIIª q. 72 a. 7 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
586 dicendum quod gratiae gratum facientis est remissio culpae, habet
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parents: 26
diff changeset
587 tamen et alios effectus, quia sufficit ad hoc quod promoveat
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parents: 26
diff changeset
588 hominem per omnes gradus usque in vitam aeternam. Unde et Paulo
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parents: 26
diff changeset
589 dictum est, II Cor. XII, <i>sufficit tibi gratia mea</i>, et ipse
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diff changeset
590 de se dicit, I Cor. XV, <i>gratia Dei sum id quod sum</i>. Et ideo
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diff changeset
591 gratia gratum faciens non solum datur ad remissionem culpae, sed
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592 etiam ad augmentum et firmitatem iustitiae. Et sic confertur in hoc
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593 sacramento.</p><p title="III q. 72 a. 7 ad 2"><a name="50371"><span class="ref">[50371] IIIª q. 72 a. 7 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
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diff changeset
594 dicendum quod, sicut ex ipso nomine apparet, hoc sacramentum datur
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diff changeset
595 ad confirmandum quod prius invenerit. Et ideo non debet dari his
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diff changeset
596 qui non habent gratiam. Et propter hoc, sicut non datur non
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597 baptizatis, ita non debet dari adultis peccatoribus, nisi per
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598 poenitentiam reparatis. Unde dicitur in Aurelianensi Concilio,
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diff changeset
599 <i>ut ieiuni ad confirmationem veniant, ut moneantur confessionem
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600 facere prius, ut mundi donum spiritus sancti valeant accipere</i>.
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601 Et tunc per hoc sacramentum perficitur poenitentiae effectus, sicut
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602 et Baptismi, quia per gratiam collatam in hoc sacramento
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603 consequetur poenitens pleniorem remissionem peccati. Et si aliquis
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diff changeset
604 adultus in peccato existens cuius conscientiam non habet, vel si
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605 etiam non perfecte contritus accedat, per gratiam collatam in hoc
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606 sacramento consequetur remissionem peccatorum.</p><p title="III q. 72 a. 7 ad 3"><a name="50372"><span class="ref">[50372] IIIª q. 72 a. 7 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
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607 dicendum quod, sicut dictum est, gratia sacramentalis addit super
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diff changeset
608 gratiam gratum facientem communiter sumptam aliquid effectivum
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diff changeset
609 specialis effectus, ad quod ordinatur sacramentum. Si ergo
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diff changeset
610 consideretur gratia in hoc sacramento collata quantum ad id quod
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611 est commune, sic per hoc sacramentum non confertur aliqua alia
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612 gratia quam per Baptismum, sed quae prius inerat, augetur. Si autem
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613 consideretur quantum ad illud speciale quod superadditur, sic non
53
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614 est eiusdem speciei cum ipsa.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 8</h3><p title="III q. 72 a. 8 arg. 1"><a name="50373"><span class="ref">[50373] IIIª q. 72 a. 8 arg. 1</span></a> Ad octavum sic
28
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615 proceditur. Videtur quod hoc sacramentum non sit omnibus
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616 exhibendum. Hoc enim sacramentum ad quandam excellentiam datur, ut
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617 dictum est. Sed id quod ad excellentiam pertinet, non competit
53
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618 omnibus. Ergo hoc sacramentum non debet omnibus dari.</p><p title="III q. 72 a. 8 arg. 2"><a name="50374"><span class="ref">[50374] IIIª q. 72 a. 8 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea, per
28
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619 hoc sacramentum augetur aliquis spiritualiter in perfectam aetatem.
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620 Sed perfecta aetas repugnat aetati puerili. Ergo ad minus pueris
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621 dari non debet.</p><p title="III q. 72 a. 8 arg. 3"><a name="50375"><span class="ref">[50375] IIIª q. 72 a. 8 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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622 sicut Melchiades Papa dicit, <i>post Baptismum confirmamur ad
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623 pugnam</i>. Sed pugnare non competit mulieribus, propter
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624 fragilitatem sexus. Ergo nec mulieribus hoc sacramentum debet
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625 dari.</p><p title="III q. 72 a. 8 arg. 4"><a name="50376"><span class="ref">[50376] IIIª q. 72 a. 8 arg. 4</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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diff changeset
626 Melchiades Papa dicit, <i>quamvis continuo transituris sufficiant
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diff changeset
627 regenerationis beneficia, victuris tamen confirmationis beneficia
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628 necessaria sunt. Confirmatio armat et instruit ad agones mundi
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diff changeset
629 huius et praelia reservandos. Qui autem post Baptismum cum
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diff changeset
630 acquisita innocentia immaculatus pervenerit ad mortem, confirmatur
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631 morte, quia iam non potest peccare post mortem</i>. Ergo statim
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632 morituris non debet hoc sacramentum conferri. Et sic non debet
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633 omnibus dari.</p><p title="III q. 72 a. 8 s. c."><a name="50377"><span class="ref">[50377] IIIª q. 72 a. 8 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28
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634 quod dicitur Act. II, quod spiritus sanctus veniens replevit totam
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diff changeset
635 domum, per quam significatur Ecclesia, et postea subditur quod
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636 repleti sunt omnes spiritu sancto. Sed ad illam plenitudinem
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diff changeset
637 consequendam hoc sacramentum datur. Ergo est omnibus qui sunt in
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638 Ecclesia exhibendum.</p><p title="III q. 72 a. 8 co."><a name="50378"><span class="ref">[50378] IIIª q. 72 a. 8 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
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diff changeset
639 dicendum quod, sicut dictum est, per hoc sacramentum promovetur
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diff changeset
640 homo spiritualiter in aetatem perfectam. Hoc autem est de
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diff changeset
641 intentione naturae, ut omnis qui corporaliter nascitur, ad
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diff changeset
642 perfectam aetatem perveniat, sed hoc quandoque impeditur propter
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diff changeset
643 corruptibilitatem corporis, quod morte praevenitur. Multo autem
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644 magis de intentione Dei est omnia ad perfectionem perducere, ex
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diff changeset
645 cuius imitatione hoc natura participat, unde et Deut. XXXII
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diff changeset
646 dicitur, <i>Dei perfecta sunt opera</i>. Anima autem, ad quam
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647 pertinet spiritualis nativitas et spiritualis aetatis perfectio,
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diff changeset
648 immortalis est, et potest, sicut tempore senectutis spiritualem
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649 nativitatem consequi, ita tempore iuventutis et pueritiae consequi
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650 perfectam aetatem; quia huiusmodi corporales aetates animae non
53
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651 praeiudicant. Et ideo hoc sacramentum debet omnibus exhiberi.</p><p title="III q. 72 a. 8 ad 1"><a name="50379"><span class="ref">[50379] IIIª q. 72 a. 8 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28
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diff changeset
652 dicendum quod hoc sacramentum datur ad quandam excellentiam, non
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653 quidem unius hominis ad alium, sicut sacramentum ordinis, sed
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654 hominis ad seipsum, sicut idem, perfectus vir existens, habet
53
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655 excellentiam ad se puerum.</p><p title="III q. 72 a. 8 ad 2"><a name="50380"><span class="ref">[50380] IIIª q. 72 a. 8 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
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diff changeset
656 dicendum quod, sicut dictum est, corporalis aetas non praeiudicat
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diff changeset
657 animae. Unde etiam in puerili aetate homo potest consequi
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diff changeset
658 perfectionem spiritualis aetatis, de qua dicitur Sap. IV,
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diff changeset
659 <i>senectus venerabilis est non diuturna, neque numero annorum
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660 computata</i>. Et inde est quod multi in puerili aetate, propter
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diff changeset
661 robur spiritus sancti perceptum, usque ad sanguinem fortiter
53
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662 certaverunt pro Christo.</p><p title="III q. 72 a. 8 ad 3"><a name="50381"><span class="ref">[50381] IIIª q. 72 a. 8 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
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diff changeset
663 dicendum quod, sicut Chrysostomus dicit, in homilia de Machabaeis,
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diff changeset
664 <i>in mundanis agonibus aetatis et formae generisque dignitas
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diff changeset
665 requiritur, et ideo servis ac mulieribus, senibus ac pueris, ad eos
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666 aditus denegatur. In caelestibus autem omni personae et aetati et
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diff changeset
667 sexui indiscreta facultate stadium patet</i>. Et in homilia de
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diff changeset
668 militia spirituali dicit, <i>apud Deum femineus etiam militat
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diff changeset
669 sexus, multae namque feminae animo virili spiritualem militiam
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diff changeset
670 gesserunt. Quaedam enim interioris hominis virtute viros
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diff changeset
671 aequaverunt in agonibus martyrum, quaedam etiam fortiores viris
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diff changeset
672 exstiterunt</i>. Et ideo mulieribus hoc sacramentum conferendum
53
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673 est.</p><p title="III q. 72 a. 8 ad 4"><a name="50382"><span class="ref">[50382] IIIª q. 72 a. 8 ad 4</span></a> Ad quartum
28
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diff changeset
674 dicendum quod, sicut dictum est, anima, ad quam pertinet
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diff changeset
675 spiritualis aetas, immortalis est. Et ideo morituris hoc
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diff changeset
676 sacramentum dandum est, ut in resurrectione perfecti appareant,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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diff changeset
677 secundum illud Ephes. IV, <i>donec occurramus in virum perfectum,
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diff changeset
678 in mensuram aetatis plenitudinis Christi</i>. Et ideo Hugo de
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diff changeset
679 sancto Victore dicit, <i>omnino periculosum esset, si ab hac vita
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diff changeset
680 sine confirmatione migrare contingeret</i>, non quia damnaretur,
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diff changeset
681 nisi forte per contemptum; sed quia detrimentum perfectionis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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diff changeset
682 pateretur. Unde etiam pueri confirmati decedentes maiorem gloriam
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diff changeset
683 consequuntur, sicut et hic maiorem obtinent gratiam. Auctoritas
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diff changeset
684 autem illa intelligitur quantum ad hoc, quod morituris non est
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diff changeset
685 necessarium hoc sacramentum propter periculum pugnae
53
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686 praesentis.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 9</h3><p title="III q. 72 a. 9 arg. 1"><a name="50383"><span class="ref">[50383] IIIª q. 72 a. 9 arg. 1</span></a> Ad nonum sic
28
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diff changeset
687 proceditur. Videtur quod hoc sacramentum non sit conferendum homini
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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diff changeset
688 in fronte. Hoc enim sacramentum est perfectivum Baptismi, ut supra
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
689 dictum est. Sed sacramentum Baptismi confertur homini in toto
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diff changeset
690 corpore. Ergo hoc sacramentum non debet conferri solum in
53
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diff changeset
691 fronte.</p><p title="III q. 72 a. 9 arg. 2"><a name="50384"><span class="ref">[50384] IIIª q. 72 a. 9 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea, hoc
28
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diff changeset
692 sacramentum datur ad robur spirituale, ut supra dictum est. Sed
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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diff changeset
693 spirituale robur maxime consistit in corde. Ergo hoc sacramentum
53
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diff changeset
694 magis debet conferri supra cor quam in fronte.</p><p title="III q. 72 a. 9 arg. 3"><a name="50385"><span class="ref">[50385] IIIª q. 72 a. 9 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea, hoc
28
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diff changeset
695 sacramentum datur homini ad hoc quod libere fidem Christi
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parents: 26
diff changeset
696 confiteatur. Sed <i>ore fit confessio ad salutem</i>, ut dicitur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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diff changeset
697 Rom. X. Ergo hoc sacramentum magis debet conferri circa os quam in
53
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diff changeset
698 fronte.</p><p title="III q. 72 a. 9 s. c."><a name="50386"><span class="ref">[50386] IIIª q. 72 a. 9 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28
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diff changeset
699 quod Rabanus dicit, in libro de Institut. Cleric., <i>signatur
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diff changeset
700 baptizatus chrismate in summitate capitis per sacerdotem, per
53
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diff changeset
701 pontificem vero in fronte</i>.</p><p title="III q. 72 a. 9 co."><a name="50387"><span class="ref">[50387] IIIª q. 72 a. 9 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
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diff changeset
702 dicendum quod, sicut supra dictum est, in hoc sacramento homo
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diff changeset
703 accipit spiritum sanctum ad robur spiritualis pugnae, ut fortiter
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diff changeset
704 etiam inter adversarios fidei fidem Christi confiteatur. Unde
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diff changeset
705 convenienter signatur chrismate signo crucis in fronte, propter
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parents: 26
diff changeset
706 duo. Primo quidem, quia insignitur signo crucis sicut miles signo
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diff changeset
707 ducis, quod quidem debet esse evidens et manifestum. Inter omnia
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diff changeset
708 autem loca corporis humani maxime manifestus est frons, qui quasi
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diff changeset
709 nunquam obtegitur. Et ideo linitur confirmatus chrismate in fronte,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
710 ut in manifesto demonstraret se esse Christianum, sicut et apostoli
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parents: 26
diff changeset
711 post receptum spiritum sanctum se manifestaverunt, qui prius in
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parents: 26
diff changeset
712 cenaculo latebant. Secundo, quia aliquis impeditur a libera
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parents: 26
diff changeset
713 confessione nominis Christi propter duo, scilicet propter timorem,
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diff changeset
714 et propter verecundiam. Utriusque autem horum signum maxime
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parents: 26
diff changeset
715 manifestatur in fronte, propter propinquitatem imaginationis, et
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parents: 26
diff changeset
716 propter hoc quod spiritus a corde directe ad frontem ascendunt,
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diff changeset
717 unde <i>verecundati erubescunt, timentes autem pallescunt</i>, ut
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diff changeset
718 dicitur in IV Ethic. Et ideo in fronte signatur chrismate, ut neque
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diff changeset
719 propter timorem neque propter erubescentiam nomen Christi confiteri
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diff changeset
720 praetermittat.</p><p title="III q. 72 a. 9 ad 1"><a name="50388"><span class="ref">[50388] IIIª q. 72 a. 9 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28
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diff changeset
721 dicendum quod per Baptismum regeneramur ad vitam spiritualem, quae
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diff changeset
722 ad totum hominem pertinet. Sed in confirmatione roboramur ad
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diff changeset
723 pugnam, cuius signum ferendum est in fronte, quasi in evidenti
53
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diff changeset
724 loco.</p><p title="III q. 72 a. 9 ad 2"><a name="50389"><span class="ref">[50389] IIIª q. 72 a. 9 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
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diff changeset
725 dicendum quod principium fortitudinis est in corde, sed signum
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diff changeset
726 apparet in fronte, unde dicitur Ezech. III, <i>ecce, dedi frontem
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parents: 26
diff changeset
727 tuam duriorem frontibus eorum</i>. Et ideo sacramentum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
728 Eucharistiae, quo homo in seipso confirmatur, pertinet ad cor,
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diff changeset
729 secundum illud Psalmi, <i>panis cor hominis confirmet</i>. Sed
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diff changeset
730 sacramentum confirmationis requiritur in signum fortitudinis ad
53
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diff changeset
731 alios. Et ideo exhibetur in fronte.</p><p title="III q. 72 a. 9 ad 3"><a name="50390"><span class="ref">[50390] IIIª q. 72 a. 9 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
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diff changeset
732 dicendum quod hoc sacramentum datur ad libere confitendum, non
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diff changeset
733 autem ad confitendum simpliciter, quia hoc fit etiam in Baptismo.
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diff changeset
734 Et ideo non debet dari in ore, sed in fronte, ubi apparent signa
53
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diff changeset
735 passionum quibus libera confessio impeditur.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 10</h3><p title="III q. 72 a. 10 arg. 1"><a name="50391"><span class="ref">[50391] IIIª q. 72 a. 10 arg. 1</span></a> Ad decimum
28
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diff changeset
736 sic proceditur. Videtur quod ille qui confirmatur non debet ab alio
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diff changeset
737 teneri ad confirmationem. Hoc enim sacramentum non solum pueris,
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diff changeset
738 sed etiam adultis exhibetur. Adulti autem per seipsos stare
53
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diff changeset
739 possunt. Ergo ridiculum est quod ab alio teneantur.</p><p title="III q. 72 a. 10 arg. 2"><a name="50392"><span class="ref">[50392] IIIª q. 72 a. 10 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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diff changeset
740 ille qui iam est de Ecclesia, liberum habet accessum ad Ecclesiae
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parents: 26
diff changeset
741 principem, qui est episcopus. Sed hoc sacramentum, sicut dictum
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parents: 26
diff changeset
742 est, non exhibetur nisi baptizato, qui iam est membrum Ecclesiae.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
743 Ergo videtur quod non debeat per alium exhiberi episcopo ad hoc
53
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diff changeset
744 sacramentum recipiendum.</p><p title="III q. 72 a. 10 arg. 3"><a name="50393"><span class="ref">[50393] IIIª q. 72 a. 10 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
745 hoc sacramentum datur ad robur spirituale. Quod magis viget in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
746 viris quam in mulieribus, secundum illud Prov. ult., <i>mulierem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
747 fortem quis inveniet?</i> Ergo ad minus mulier non debet tenere
53
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diff changeset
748 virum ad confirmationem.</p><p title="III q. 72 a. 10 s. c."><a name="50394"><span class="ref">[50394] IIIª q. 72 a. 10 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
749 quod Innocentius Papa dicit, et habetur in decretis, XXX, qu. IV,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
750 <i>si quis ex coniugio filium aut filiam alterius de sacro fonte
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
751 susceperit, aut ad chrisma tenuerit</i>, et cetera. Ergo, sicut
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
752 requiritur quod aliquis baptizatum de sacro fonte levet, ita debet
53
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parents: 28
diff changeset
753 aliquis teneri ad sacramentum confirmationis accipiendum.</p><p title="III q. 72 a. 10 co."><a name="50395"><span class="ref">[50395] IIIª q. 72 a. 10 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
754 dicendum quod, sicut dictum est, hoc sacramentum exhibetur homini
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
755 ad robur pugnae spiritualis. Sicut autem aliquis de novo natus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
756 indiget instructore in his quae pertinent ad conversationem vitae,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
757 secundum illud Heb. XII, <i>patres quidem carnis nostrae habuimus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
758 eruditores, et obtemperabamus eis</i>; ita illi qui assumuntur ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
759 pugnam, indigent eruditoribus a quibus instruantur de his quae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
760 pertinent ad modum certaminis; et ideo in bellis materialibus
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
761 constituuntur duces et centuriones, per quos alii gubernentur. Et
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
762 propter hoc etiam ille qui accipit hoc sacramentum, ab alio
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
763 tenetur, quasi per alium in pugna erudiendus. Similiter etiam, quia
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
764 per hoc sacramentum confertur homini perfectio spiritualis aetatis,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
765 sicut dictum est; ideo ille qui ad hoc sacramentum accedit,
53
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parents: 28
diff changeset
766 sustentatur, quasi adhuc spiritualiter imbecillis et puer.</p><p title="III q. 72 a. 10 ad 1"><a name="50396"><span class="ref">[50396] IIIª q. 72 a. 10 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
767 dicendum quod, licet ille qui confirmatur sit adultus corporaliter,
53
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diff changeset
768 nondum tamen est adultus spiritualiter.</p><p title="III q. 72 a. 10 ad 2"><a name="50397"><span class="ref">[50397] IIIª q. 72 a. 10 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
769 dicendum quod, licet baptizatus sit effectus membrum Ecclesiae,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
770 nondum tamen est adscriptus militiae Christianae. Et ideo episcopo,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
771 tanquam duci exercitus, per alium exhibetur iam militiae
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
772 Christianae adscriptum. Non enim debet alium ad confirmationem
53
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parents: 28
diff changeset
773 tenere qui nondum est confirmatus.</p><p title="III q. 72 a. 10 ad 3"><a name="50398"><span class="ref">[50398] IIIª q. 72 a. 10 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
774 dicendum quod, sicut dicitur Coloss. III, <i>in Christo Iesu non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
775 est masculus neque femina</i>. Et ideo non differt utrum masculus
53
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diff changeset
776 vel femina teneat aliquem in confirmatione.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 11</h3><p title="III q. 72 a. 11 arg. 1"><a name="50399"><span class="ref">[50399] IIIª q. 72 a. 11 arg. 1</span></a> Ad undecimum
28
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
777 sic proceditur. Videtur quod non solus episcopus hoc sacramentum
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
778 conferre possit. Gregorius enim, scribens Ianuario episcopo, dicit,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
779 <i>pervenit ad nos quosdam scandalizatos fuisse quod presbyteros
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
780 chrismate tangere eos qui baptizati sunt, prohibuimus. Et nos
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
781 quidem secundum veterem usum nostrae Ecclesiae fecimus, sed si
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
782 omnino hac de re aliqui contristantur, ubi episcopi desunt, ut
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parents: 26
diff changeset
783 presbyteri etiam in frontibus baptizatos chrismate tangere debeant,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
784 concedimus</i>. Sed illud quod pertinet ad necessitatem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
785 sacramentorum, non est propter vitandum scandalum immutandum. Ergo
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
786 videtur quod non sit de necessitate huius sacramenti quod ab
53
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parents: 28
diff changeset
787 episcopo conferatur.</p><p title="III q. 72 a. 11 arg. 2"><a name="50400"><span class="ref">[50400] IIIª q. 72 a. 11 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
788 sacramentum Baptismi videtur esse maioris efficaciae quam
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parents: 26
diff changeset
789 sacramentum confirmationis, quia per Baptismum fit plena remissio
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
790 peccatorum et quantum ad culpam et quantum ad poenam, quod non fit
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
791 in hoc sacramento. Sed simplex sacerdos ex suo officio potest
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
792 tradere sacramentum Baptismi, et in necessitate quilibet, etiam non
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
793 ordinatus, potest baptizare. Ergo non est de necessitate huius
53
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diff changeset
794 sacramenti quod ab episcopo conferatur.</p><p title="III q. 72 a. 11 arg. 3"><a name="50401"><span class="ref">[50401] IIIª q. 72 a. 11 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
795 summitas capitis, ubi secundum medicos est locus rationis (scilicet
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ht
parents: 26
diff changeset
796 particularis, quae dicitur virtus cogitativa), est nobilior fronte,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
797 ubi est locus imaginativae virtutis. Sed simplex sacerdos potest
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
798 baptizatos chrismate ungere in vertice. Ergo multo magis potest eos
53
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diff changeset
799 chrismate signare in fronte, quod pertinet ad hoc sacramentum.</p><p title="III q. 72 a. 11 s. c."><a name="50402"><span class="ref">[50402] IIIª q. 72 a. 11 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
28
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diff changeset
800 quod Eusebius Papa dicit, <i>manus impositionis sacramentum magna
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
801 veneratione tenendum est, quod ab aliis perfici non potest nisi a
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
802 summis sacerdotibus. Nec tempore apostolorum ab aliis quam ab ipsis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
803 apostolis legitur aut scitur peractum esse, nec ab aliis quam qui
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parents: 26
diff changeset
804 eorum locum tenent, unquam perfici potest, aut fieri debet. Nam si
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diff changeset
805 aliter praesumptum fuerit, irritum habeatur et vacuum, nec inter
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parents: 26
diff changeset
806 ecclesiastica unquam reputabitur sacramenta</i>. Est igitur de
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parents: 26
diff changeset
807 necessitate huius sacramenti, quod dicitur sacramentum manus
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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diff changeset
808 impositionis, quod ab episcopo tradatur.</p><p title="III q. 72 a. 11 co."><a name="50403"><span class="ref">[50403] IIIª q. 72 a. 11 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
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diff changeset
809 dicendum quod in quolibet opere ultima consummatio supremae arti
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diff changeset
810 aut virtuti reservatur, sicut praeparatio materiae pertinet ad
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parents: 26
diff changeset
811 inferiores artifices, superior autem dat formam, supremus autem est
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diff changeset
812 ad quem pertinet usus, qui est finis artificiatorum; et epistola
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parents: 26
diff changeset
813 quae a notario scribitur, a domino signatur. Fideles autem Christi
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
814 sunt quoddam divinum opus, secundum illud I Cor. III, <i>Dei
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diff changeset
815 aedificatio estis</i>, sunt etiam quasi quaedam epistola spiritu
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
816 Dei scripta, sicut dicitur II Cor. III. Hoc autem confirmationis
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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diff changeset
817 sacramentum est quasi ultima consummatio sacramenti Baptismi, ita
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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diff changeset
818 scilicet quod per Baptismum aedificatur homo in domum spiritualem,
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diff changeset
819 et conscribitur quasi quaedam spiritualis epistola; sed per
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diff changeset
820 sacramentum confirmationis, quasi domus aedificata, dedicatur in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
821 templum spiritus sancti; et quasi epistola conscripta, signatur
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
822 signo crucis. Et ideo collatio huius sacramenti episcopis
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parents: 26
diff changeset
823 reservatur, qui obtinent summam potestatem in Ecclesia, sicut in
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
824 primitiva Ecclesia per impositionem manus apostolorum, quorum vicem
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
825 gerunt episcopi, plenitudo spiritus sancti dabatur, ut habetur Act.
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diff changeset
826 VIII. Unde Urbanus Papa dicit, <i>omnes fideles per manus
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parents: 26
diff changeset
827 impositionem episcoporum spiritum sanctum post Baptismum accipere
53
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diff changeset
828 debent, ut pleni Christiani inveniantur</i>.</p><p title="III q. 72 a. 11 ad 1"><a name="50404"><span class="ref">[50404] IIIª q. 72 a. 11 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28
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diff changeset
829 dicendum quod Papa in Ecclesia habet plenitudinem potestatis, ex
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diff changeset
830 qua potest quaedam quae sunt superiorum ordinum, committere
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
831 inferioribus quibusdam, sicut presbyteris concedit conferre minores
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parents: 26
diff changeset
832 ordines, quod pertinet ad potestatem episcopalem. Et ex hac
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parents: 26
diff changeset
833 plenitudine potestatis concessit beatus Gregorius Papa quod
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diff changeset
834 simplices sacerdotes conferrent hoc sacramentum, quandiu scandalum
53
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diff changeset
835 tolleretur.</p><p title="III q. 72 a. 11 ad 2"><a name="50405"><span class="ref">[50405] IIIª q. 72 a. 11 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
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diff changeset
836 dicendum quod sacramentum Baptismi est efficacius quam hoc
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diff changeset
837 sacramentum quantum ad remotionem mali, eo quod est spiritualis
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parents: 26
diff changeset
838 generatio, quae est mutatio de non esse in esse. Hoc autem
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parents: 26
diff changeset
839 sacramentum est efficacius ad proficiendum in bono, quia est
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diff changeset
840 quoddam spirituale augmentum de esse imperfecto ad esse perfectum.
53
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diff changeset
841 Et ideo hoc sacramentum digniori ministro committitur.</p><p title="III q. 72 a. 11 ad 3"><a name="50406"><span class="ref">[50406] IIIª q. 72 a. 11 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
842 dicendum quod, sicut Rabanus dicit, in libro de Institut. Cleric.,
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diff changeset
843 <i>signatur baptizatus chrismate in summitate capitis per
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diff changeset
844 sacerdotem, per pontificem vero in fronte, ut priori unctione
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parents: 26
diff changeset
845 significetur super ipsum spiritus sancti descensio ad habitationem
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parents: 26
diff changeset
846 Deo consecrandam, in secunda quoque ut eiusdem spiritus sancti
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parents: 26
diff changeset
847 septiformis gratia, cum omni plenitudine sanctitatis et scientiae
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parents: 26
diff changeset
848 et virtutis, venire in hominem declaretur</i>. Non ergo propter
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parents: 26
diff changeset
849 digniorem partem, sed propter potiorem effectum, haec unctio
53
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diff changeset
850 episcopis reservatur.</p></div><div class="a"><h3>Articulus 12</h3><p title="III q. 72 a. 12 arg. 1"><a name="50407"><span class="ref">[50407] IIIª q. 72 a. 12 arg. 1</span></a> Ad duodecimum
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
851 sic proceditur. Videtur quod ritus huius sacramenti non sit
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parents: 26
diff changeset
852 conveniens. Sacramentum enim Baptismi est maioris necessitatis quam
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
853 hoc sacramentum, ut supra dictum est. Sed Baptismo deputantur certa
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
854 tempora, scilicet Pascha et Pentecoste. Ergo etiam huic sacramento
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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diff changeset
855 aliquod certum tempus debet praefigi.</p><p title="III q. 72 a. 12 arg. 2"><a name="50408"><span class="ref">[50408] IIIª q. 72 a. 12 arg. 2</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
856 sicut hoc sacramentum requirit devotionem et dantis et recipientis,
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parents: 26
diff changeset
857 ita etiam et sacramentum Baptismi. Sed in sacramento Baptismi non
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parents: 26
diff changeset
858 requiritur quod a ieiunis sumatur vel conferatur. Ergo videtur
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parents: 26
diff changeset
859 inconvenienter statutum in Aurelianensi Concilio, <i>ut ieiuni ad
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parents: 26
diff changeset
860 confirmationem veniant</i>; et in Concilio Meldensi <i>ut episcopi
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parents: 26
diff changeset
861 non nisi ieiuni per impositionem manus spiritum sanctum
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
862 tradant</i>.</p><p title="III q. 72 a. 12 arg. 3"><a name="50409"><span class="ref">[50409] IIIª q. 72 a. 12 arg. 3</span></a> Praeterea,
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
863 chrisma est quoddam signum plenitudinis spiritus sancti, ut supra
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
864 dictum est. Sed plenitudo spiritus sancti data est fidelibus
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parents: 26
diff changeset
865 Christi in die Pentecostes, ut habetur Act. II. Magis ergo deberet
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parents: 26
diff changeset
866 chrisma confici et benedici in festo Pentecostes quam in cena
53
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parents: 28
diff changeset
867 domini.</p><p title="III q. 72 a. 12 s. c."><a name="50410"><span class="ref">[50410] IIIª q. 72 a. 12 s. c.</span></a> Sed contra est
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
868 usus Ecclesiae, quae a spiritu sancto gubernatur.</p><p title="III q. 72 a. 12 co."><a name="50411"><span class="ref">[50411] IIIª q. 72 a. 12 co.</span></a> Respondeo
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
869 dicendum quod dominus, Matth. XVIII, fidelibus suis promisit
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
870 dicens, <i>ubi fuerint duo vel tres congregati in nomine meo, ibi
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parents: 26
diff changeset
871 sum in medio eorum</i>. Et ideo firmiter tenendum est quod
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parents: 26
diff changeset
872 ordinationes Ecclesiae dirigantur secundum sapientiam Christi. Et
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parents: 26
diff changeset
873 propter hoc certum esse debet ritus quos Ecclesia observat in hoc
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
874 et in aliis sacramentis, esse convenientes.</p><p title="III q. 72 a. 12 ad 1"><a name="50412"><span class="ref">[50412] IIIª q. 72 a. 12 ad 1</span></a> Ad primum ergo
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
875 dicendum quod, sicut Melchiades Papa dicit, <i>ita coniuncta sunt
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parents: 26
diff changeset
876 haec duo sacramenta, scilicet Baptismi et confirmationis, ut ab
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parents: 26
diff changeset
877 invicem nisi morte praeveniente nullatenus possint segregari, et
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parents: 26
diff changeset
878 unum sine altero rite perfici non possit</i>. Et ideo eadem tempora
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parents: 26
diff changeset
879 sunt praefixa Baptismo solemniter celebrando et huic sacramento.
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parents: 26
diff changeset
880 Sed quia hoc sacramentum a solis episcopis datur, qui non sunt
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parents: 26
diff changeset
881 semper praesentes ubi presbyteri baptizant, oportuit, quantum ad
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
882 communem usum, sacramentum confirmationis etiam in alia tempora
53
d777cc3962f2 div-wrapped
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parents: 28
diff changeset
883 differri.</p><p title="III q. 72 a. 12 ad 2"><a name="50413"><span class="ref">[50413] IIIª q. 72 a. 12 ad 2</span></a> Ad secundum
28
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parents: 26
diff changeset
884 dicendum quod ab illa prohibitione excipiuntur infirmi et morte
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parents: 26
diff changeset
885 periclitantes, sicut in statuto Meldensis Concilii legitur. Et
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parents: 26
diff changeset
886 ideo, propter multitudinem fidelium, et propter pericula
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parents: 26
diff changeset
887 imminentia, sustinetur ut hoc sacramentum, quod non nisi ab
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parents: 26
diff changeset
888 episcopis dari potest, etiam a non ieiunis detur vel accipiatur,
544e12f679ad convert to xml
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parents: 26
diff changeset
889 quia unus episcopus, praecipue in magna dioecesi, non sufficeret ad
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890 omnes confirmandos, si ei tempus arctaretur. Ubi tamen congrue
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891 observari potest, convenientius est ut a ieiunis detur et
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892 accipiatur.</p><p title="III q. 72 a. 12 ad 3"><a name="50414"><span class="ref">[50414] IIIª q. 72 a. 12 ad 3</span></a> Ad tertium
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893 dicendum quod, sicut ex Concilio Martini Papae habetur, <i>omni
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894 tempore licebat chrisma conficere</i>. Sed quia solemnis Baptismus,
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895 ad quem requiritur usus chrismatis, in vigilia Paschae celebratur,
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896 congrue ordinatum est ut per biduum ante ab episcopo chrisma
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897 benedicatur, ut possit per dioecesim destinari. Dies etiam ille
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898 satis congruit ad materias sacramentorum benedicendas, in quo fuit
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899 Eucharistiae sacramentum institutum, ad quod omnia alia sacramenta
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900 quodammodo ordinantur, sicut dictum est.</p></div></div><div class="centro"><br/>
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901 <p><a href="sth4066.html"><img alt="age retro" border="0" align="middle" height="19" width="19" src="icons/ageretro.gif"/></a>  
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902 <a href="sth4073.html"><img alt="age ultra" border="0" align="middle" height="19" width="19" src="icons/ageultra.gif"/></a></p>
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903 <br/>
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904 <hr/>
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905 <br/>
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906 <address>© 2006 Fundación Tomás de Aquino quoad
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907 hanc editionem<br/>
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908 Iura omnia asservantur<br/>
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909 OCLC nr. <a style="text-decoration=none" href="http://worldcatlibraries.org/wcpa/oclc/49644264">49644264</a></address>
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910 </div></body>
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911 </html>